Academic literature on the topic 'Theory of rationalization'
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Journal articles on the topic "Theory of rationalization"
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WULANDITYA, Putri, Herwin ARDIANTO, and Evi SISTIYARINI. "Relationship Among Ethical Value And Fraud Diamond In Banking Industry During Pandemic." International Journal of Environmental, Sustainability, and Social Science 3, no. 2 (July 31, 2022): 343–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.38142/ijesss.v3i2.218.
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The occurrence of an economic crisis and the company's operating conditions that are different from usual during the pandemic can result in the emergence of loopholes in committing fraud. This study aims to investigate the relationship between ethical values and the fraud diamond, namely, pressure, opportunity, rationalization, and capability against bank employee fraud during the pandemic. Thus, this research is expected to make a theoretical contribution to the development of fraud theory and a practical contribution to policymakers in preventing fraud in the banking industry. The methods research is a quantitative study with primary data sourced directly from online survey responses. The respondents of this research are followed by 133 bank employees in Indonesia. Based on the Rank Spearman Correlation test, the factors that significantly influence bank employee fraud during the pandemic are ethical values, opportunity, rationalization, and capability. Pressure has no significant effect on bank employee fraud. Furthermore, rationalization has a significant relationship with all variables tested, especially on capabilities, ethical values, and employee fraud. These results suggest that the banking industry anticipates wrong rationalizations from employees regarding fraudulent acts. Instilling ethical values is believed to be able to direct the right rationalization so that employees do not take advantage of their abilities to commit fraud in the workplace.
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Achmad, Tarmizi, Dian Indriana Hapsari, and Imang Dapit Pamungkas. "Analysis of Fraud Pentagon Theory to Detecting Fraudulent Financial Reporting using F-Score Model in State-Owned Companies Indonesia." WSEAS TRANSACTIONS ON BUSINESS AND ECONOMICS 19 (January 10, 2022): 124–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.37394/23207.2022.19.13.
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This study aims to analyze the effect of the fraud pentagon theory consisting of external pressure, effective monitoring, rationalization, capability, and arrogance on fraudulent financial reporting. This study uses the F-score model to see the potential for fraudulent financial reporting. The data used in this study are secondary data from the company's annual reports. The population of this research is state-owned companies listed on the IDX (Indonesia Stock Exchange) during 2015-2019. The sampling technique used purposive sampling so that the sample obtained is 180 samples. The analysis technique used is logistic regression analysis with S.P.S.S. versions 20.0. The findings show that external pressure and rationalization have a significant effect on fraudulent financial reporting. Meanwhile, effective monitoring, capability, and arrogance have no considerable impact on fraudulent financial reporting. The results of this study indicate the occurrence of fraudulent financial reporting in state-owned companies listed on the IDX if the related state-owned companies experience external pressure and have rationalizations to commit fraud.
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Dahms, Harry F. "Theory in Weberian Marxism: Patterns of Critical Social Theory in Lukács and Habermas." Sociological Theory 15, no. 3 (November 1997): 181–214. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/0735-2751.00032.
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For Weberian Marxists, the social theories of Max Weber and Karl Marx are complementary contributions to the analysis of modern capitalist society. Combining Weber's theory of rationalization with Marx's critique of commodity fetishism to develop his own critique of reification, Georg Lukács contended that the combination of Marx's and Weber's social theories is essential to envisioning socially transformative modes of praxis in advanced capitalist society. By comparing Lukács ‘s theory of reification with Habermas's theory of communicative action as two theories in the tradition of Weberian Marxism, I show how the prevailing mode of “doing theory” has shifted from Marx's critique of economic determinism to Weber's idea of the inner logic of social value spheres. Today, Weberian Marxism can make an important contribution to theoretical sociology by reconstituting itself as a framework for critically examining prevailing societal definitions of the rationalization imperatives specific to purposive-rational social value spheres (the economy, the administrative state, etc.). In a second step, Weberian Marxists would explore how these value spheres relate to each other and to value spheres that are open to the type of communicative rationalization characteristic of the lifeworld level of social organization.
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Ahmadiana, Nyimas Siti Sarah, and Nova Novita. "Prediksi Financial Statement Fraud melalui Fraud Triangle Theory." Jurnal Keuangan dan Perbankan 14, no. 2 (April 25, 2019): 77. http://dx.doi.org/10.35384/jkp.v14i2.130.
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This study aims to predict the opportunity for companies to commit fraud in financial reporting by using fraud triangle theory. The sample used in this study was 263 non-financial companies. The potential for fraudulent financial reporting is measured using the Beneish M-Score. The component of the fraud triangle theory used is financial pressure, opportunity, and rationalization. The aspect of financial pressure is measured using financial stability, external pressure, personal financial needs, and financial targets. Opportunity aspects are measured using the nature of industry, ineffective monitoring and organizational structure, while aspects of rationalization are measured using change auditors, auditor reports and total accruals. The results showed that financial stability, the nature of the industry and rationalization can be used in predicting opportunities for companies to commit financial reporting fraud.
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BATTIGALLI, PIERPAOLO. "RATIONALIZATION IN SIGNALING GAMES: THEORY AND APPLICATIONS." International Game Theory Review 08, no. 01 (March 2006): 67–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219198906000795.
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Focusing on signaling games, I illustrate the relevance of the rationalizability approach for the analysis multistage games with incomplete information. I define a class of iterative solution procedures, featuring a notion of "forward induction": the Receiver tries to explain the Sender's message in a way which is consistent with the Sender's strategic sophistication and certain given restrictions on beliefs. The approach is applied to some numerical examples and economic models. In a standard model with verifiable messages a full disclosure result is obtained. In a model of job market signaling the best separating equilibrium emerges as the unique rationalizable outcome only when the high and low types are sufficiently different. Otherwise, rationalizability only puts bounds on the education choices of different types.
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Wulansuci, Romah, and Nujmatul Laily. "Academic Cheating : Dimensi Fraud Diamond Theory." Jurnal Pendidikan Ekonomi (JUPE) 10, no. 2 (May 2, 2022): 154–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.26740/jupe.v10n2.p154-160.
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The purpose of this study was to test academic cheating behavior among students by using elements of the fraud diamond, namely pressure, opportunity, rationalization, and ability. Using a simple random sampling technique, the research sample was obtained as many as 195 accounting students. This research uses a quantitative approach with the type of explanatory research. Data collection obtained by distributing questionnaires and measured using a Likert scale. Data analysis was carried out using multiple linear regression. The results shows that the elements of opportunity and ability have a significant positive effect on students' academic cheating behavior. While the element of pressure and rationalization does not affect students in committing academic fraud.
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Thomas, Kyle J. "Rationalizing Delinquency: Understanding the Person-situation Interaction through Item Response Theory." Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency 56, no. 1 (July 26, 2018): 3–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022427818789752.
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Objectives: I argue that a person-situation complex of delinquent rationalizations can be conceptualized by relating rationalizations to item response theory (IRT), where approval of delinquency is predominately a function of the individual willingness to rationalize ( θ j) and situational difficulty of applying a rationalization ( bi). This framework offers testable predictions and addresses extant criticisms. Method: Adolescents from a public high school ( N = 223) and subjects from the National Youth Survey ( N = 1,436) were asked their degree of approval for delinquency under various circumstances. Graded response models assessed the joint effects of individual and situational characteristics on approval of delinquency. I test whether differences in self-reported offending (SRO) and willingness to offend (WTO) are consistent with predictions derived from IRT models. Results: Approval of delinquency is a joint function of individual and situational characteristics. Some situations are so “easy” to rationalize that most everyone is predicted to approve of delinquency, and others are so “difficult” that only those very high in θ are predicted to express approval. SRO and WTO differences between individuals and situations are consistent with the IRT predictions. Conclusion: The findings demonstrate the utility of IRT for understanding delinquent rationalizations. The implications of the findings for theory and person-situation explanations are discussed.
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Hsu, Shih‐Hsun, and Ching‐Cheng Chang. "An Adjustment‐Cost Rationalization of Asset Fixity Theory." American Journal of Agricultural Economics 72, no. 2 (May 1990): 298–308. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1242333.
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Wira Utami, Dhita Permata, and Dian Indri Purnamasari. "The impact of ethics and fraud pentagon theory on academic fraud behavior." Journal of Business and Information Systems (e-ISSN: 2685-2543) 3, no. 1 (January 12, 2021): 49–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.36067/jbis.v3i1.88.
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This study aims to determine the impact of ethics, pressure, opportunity, rationalization, competence, and arrogance on accounting students' academic fraud behavior. The population of this research consists of UPN "Veteran" Yogyakarta accounting students. The number of samples used in this study was 170 respondents representing several criteria and have taken the Auditing I and Business Ethics courses. The dependent variable (Y) in this study is academic fraud behavior. The independent variables include ethics (X1), pressure (X2), opportunity (X3), rationalization (X4), competence (X5), and arrogance (X6). The method used in this research is the quantitative method. The data used were the primary data. The results of this study indicate that ethics, pressure, and competence have an impact on academic fraud behavior. In contrast, opportunities, rationalization, and arrogance do not affect academic fraud behavior.
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Chandrawati, Novalia Budi, and Dyah Ratnawati. "Studi Financial Statement Fraud dengan Fraud Triangle Theory." E-Bisnis : Jurnal Ilmiah Ekonomi dan Bisnis 14, no. 1 (July 1, 2021): 147–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.51903/e-bisnis.v14i1.383.
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Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menguji pengaruh financial stability, external pressure, nature of industry, dan rationalization terhadap financial statement fraud. Sampel yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah perusahaan manufaktur yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia pada periode 2018-2019. Dengan menggunakan metode purposive sampling diperoleh sebanyak 77 perusahaan manufaktur sebagai sampel penelitian. Metode analisis yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah regresi logistic. Dalam penelitian ini terdapat uji model fit keseluruhan, tes hosmer dan lemeshow, uji goodness of fit, dan matrik klaifikasi. Hasil penelitian meneunjukkan bahwa financial stability berpengaruh signifikan terhadap financial statement fraud, sedangkan external pressure, nature of industry, dan rationalization tidak signifikan terhadap financial statement fraud
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Theory of rationalization"
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Ratner, Julie. "Academic dishonesty and moral development : theory revisited /." Access Digital Full Text version, 1996. http://pocketknowledge.tc.columbia.edu/home.php/bybib/11977802.
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Thesis (Ed.D.)--Teachers College, Columbia University, 1996.Typescript; issued also on microfilm. Sponsor: Dawn Person. Dissertation Committee: Lee Knefelkamp. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 226-240).
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Lauri, Marcus. "Narratives of governing : rationalization, responsibility and resistance in social work." Doctoral thesis, Umeå universitet, Statsvetenskapliga institutionen, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-119783.
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For many years, Sweden has had a reputation for having a comprehensive and women friendly welfare state. However, as in many other European countries during the past few decades, the organization and governing of welfare has undergone profound changes. Through interviews with social workers and the application of theories of governmentality, this thesis analyzes the expressions and consequences of such current organization and governing. One result is that the introduction of meticulous documentation practices of social workers contact with clients, regulate their interaction and constitute a control over both client and social worker. Another result is that the current organization fragments labor and awards more authority to managers, which functions to produce loyalty to the organization and management, rather than clients. This is expressed in demands not to voice protest, as it is said to create a bad mood. It is also expressed in demands to spend as little as possible on clients; short duration of treatment, preference for outpatient treatment and by making it difficult to receive financial support. This austerity is legitimized through the intermeshing of different ideals; budget awareness, evidence that supports short and outpatient treatment and that clients in order to change their course of life should to be allowed or coerced into taking individual responsibility. Another important finding is that the current governing and organization of social work produce distance and detachment, and thus discourage caring subjects. This is a complex process in which an assemblage of different techniques and rationalities undermines the cultivation of a relationship between social worker and client. 1) The ideal of evidence-based practice favors rigid methods over a flexible and holistic approach. 2) Ideals of rationality, closely connected to notions of masculinity and professionalism, value objectivity and devalue and deter the surfacing of emotions. 3) Meticulous practices of documentation reduce the amount of time available to meet clients. 4) Ideals and particular methods designed to promote individual responsibility in clients legitimize social workers distancing themselves from clients’ dependency and needs. 5) A division of labor, in either assessment or treatment, reduces time spent with clients for those who work with assessment and ultimately engage in the rationing of resources. 6) Standardized digital templates, installed to aid in assessments, regulate and proceduralize interactions with the client. 7) Austerity, heavy workloads, individualized responsibility and stress further accentuate distance, as detachment becomes a means to cope with arduous working conditions. The transformation of social work described above produces alienation and a fragmentation of social workers’ collective subjects. Simultaneously, an ethos of caring makes some social workers work extra hard to provide for clients, which ultimately covers for flaws in the system. Although such an ethos of caring allows for the further exploitation of social workers, it is also understood as a means of resistance, which in turn also forms the basis for organized resistance.Sverige har ett internationellt rykte för att ha en omfattande och kvinnovänlig välfärd. Även om riktigheten i en sådan uppfattning sedan länge ifrågasatts har på senare år, likt i många andra Europeiska länder, det svenska välfärdssystemet genomgått en omfattande förändring i avseende på dess räckvidd, men också dess organisering och styrning. Fokus för denna studie är just denna organisering och styrning, och mer specifikt, hur detta påverkar ett av välfärdens kanske mest centrala område: socialt arbete. Genom att intervjua socialarbetare undersöks i denna studie uttryck för och konsekvenser av en sådan förändring, bland annat genom att undersöka hur könsbundna föreställningar och förväntningar är sammanflätade med det sociala arbetets organisering och styrning. I studien konstateras att socialarbetare erfar att deras arbete genomgått omfattande förändringar, vilket kopplas ihop med både organiseringen och styrningen av det sociala arbetet. Detta uttrycks både i de ideal som kringgärdar arbetet men också i dominerande arbetssätt. En sådan förändring är införandet av omfattande dokumentationsprocedurer av socialarbetarens arbete och kontakt med klienter, vilket medför att kontakten med klienterna blir ytligare. Dokumentationsprocedurerna utgör också en sorts kontroll av både klienterna och socialarbetarna själva. En annan förändring som konstateras är att nya organisationsmodeller och en förändrad ledarskapskultur skapar förväntningar på socialarbetarna att vara lojala med organisationen och ledningen snarare än klienterna. Bland annat utrycks detta genom förväntningar att inte protestera och skapa dålig stämning på arbetsplatsen, men också genom uttalade krav att spendera så lite resurser som möjligt på klienterna; korta behandlingstider, öppenvårdsalternativ och orimligt hårda krav för att få ekonomiskt bistånd. Detta legitimeras genom sammanväxningen av flera olika ideal; budgetmedvetenhet, att klienter inte mår bra av långa institutionsvistelser, men också att klienterna ska tillåtas eller bör tvingas att klara att sig själva. Ett av studiens huvudresultat är att den nuvarande organiseringen och styrningen av socialt arbete skapar avstånd och likgiltighet. Genom flera sammankopplade ideal och arbetssätt styrs dagens socialarbetare till att bry sig mindre om de klienter de möter. På så sätt undermineras förutsättningarna för framväxten av en djup relation mellan socialarbetare och klient; 1) Idealet och kravet att socialarbetare ska arbeta utifrån evidens, det vill säga metoder och förhållningssätt som i speciellt utformade utvärderingsmodeller visat sig ha effekt, gör att väl strukturerade och rigida metoder ges företräde. Denna instrumentalisering underminerar ett flexibelt, relationsorienterat och helhetsfokuserat sätt att arbeta. Dessutom gör evidensidealets fokus på enskilda individer och avgränsade utvärderingstider att mer samhällsinriktat kritiskt och långsiktigt inriktat arbete undermineras. 2) Ett rationalitetsideal, tätt sammanbundet med föreställningar om professionalitet och maskulinitet, värderar objektivitet och förmågan att frikoppla socialarbetarens egna känslor från sitt arbete. Detta maskuliniserade professionsideal innebär att empati och solidaritet med klienten undergrävs. 3) Omfattande krav på olika former av dokumentation av det sociala arbetet gör att tiden som socialarbetaren har till sitt förfogande för att besöka och att ha möten med klienten blir knapp. 4) Ett allmänt samhällsideal kring individuellt ansvar och en särskild arbetsmetod (motiverande samtal) som många socialarbetare förväntas lära sig, framhäver klientens eget ansvar för och vilja till förändring. Detta legitimerar ett avståndstagande från klientens behov av hjälp och stöd enligt logiken ”du måste klara detta själv”. 5) En vanligt förekommande uppdelning av socialarbetarnas arbetsuppgifter i en så kallad beställar-utförarmodell gör att vissa socialsekreterare arbetar med hjälp och stöd, medan andra arbetar med bedömningar av klienters behov. De senare, som också har inflytande över resurstilldelning, blir med en sådan organisering av arbetet alltmer frikopplade från den stödjande och hjälpande verksamheten och kontakten med klienten. 6) Standardiserade digitala bedömningsinstrument, skapade för att på ett likvärdigt sätt bedöma klienters behov och dokumentera det sociala arbetet, reglerar och instrumentaliserar kontakten med klienter. 7) Tunga arbetsbördor, individualiserat ansvar och stress, bidrar ytterligare till att skapa avstånd och likgiltighet eftersom det för vissa utgör ett sätt att genomleva en ohållbar arbetssituation. En allmän åtstramning av socialtjänstens resurstilldelning förstås som en viktig orsak till behovet av att skapa ovan distansmekanismer. Men distansen hänger också ihop med en tendens till ett återupplivande av en tidigare dominerande förståelse av marginalisering och sociala problem; där människors nöd ses som ett utslag av dålig karaktär och ett resultat av dåliga individuella val. De förändringar av det sociala arbetets premisser som beskrivits ovan gör att socialarbetarna alltmer görs främmande inför sitt arbete – de alieneras. Detta främmandegörande uttrycks genom att inte kunna identifiera sig med arbetet självt, sina kollegor eller med sig själv. Ett sådant främmandegörande underminerar, eller fragmentiserar, både relationen till klienten, men också en känsla av gemenskap med andra socialarbetare. En gemenskap som kan utgöra ett ”vi” och ligga till grund för att ställa krav, protestera och göra motstånd mot avhumaniserande ideal och reformer. På så vis är främmandegörandet inte bara en konsekvens av dagens organisering och styrning, utan också något som fyller en viktig funktion för en sådan styrning och organisering, och genomförandet av en allmän åtstramning i socialpolitiken. Samtidigt som dagens organisering och styrning av socialt arbete är främmandegörande, slår vissa socialarbetare knut på sig själva och arbetar extra hårt för att täcka upp för systemets brister och krympande resurser, för att trots det svåra läget ändå försöka ge det stöd som de upplever att klienten behöver. Ett sådant historiskt förankrat femininiserat omsorgsideal, dvs känslor av ansvar och empati inför behövande och en ilska inför oförrätter, utgör därmed på samma gång grund för en fördjupad exploatering av socialarbetarna, och ett vardagligt motstånd mot rådande system. I ett läge när flera upplever att kollegialiteten som grund för motstånd på arbetsplatserna underminerats, utgör ett sådant omsorgsideal samtidigt också grunden för organiserat motstånd utanför arbetsplatsen, bortom chefernas insyn, kontroll och härskartekniker. Medan nuvarande styrningssystem underminerar ett visst sorts motstånd, uppstår samtidigt grunden för nya.
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CHEN, JOHAN. "Rationalisation within a healthcare context: Application of the concept Theory of Constraints within a minor healthcare department." Thesis, KTH, Industriell Management, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-199205.
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The demand for healthcare services is currently growing worldwide with an ever increasing pace.Healthcare institutions need to adapt to the changing demographics in order to satisfy the demand. Meanwhile, many hospitals and care units have limited economic means to find appropriate solutions. A concept from the manufacturing industry that is considered to fulfill these criteria’s is called Theory of Constraints (ToC). This concept is focusing on streamlining processes by coordinating the activities and ensuring an efficient stream the production flow. This study has investigated the ability of the concept to support medical and administration staff in the department’s overall objective to decrease overall lead time.The investigation has been realized by conducting a case study at one of the largest emergency hospitals in Stockholm, Sweden. The hospital is one of the leading hospitals within Swedish medicine and receives and treats over 300000 patients annually. The case design consisted of three methods all linked to qualitative data collection, the three methods consisted of interviews, observations and shadowing.The results suggest that the application of ToC revealed little resistance to change among the participants. The concept was able to identify and resolve minor constraints in the case setting; the department of obstetrics and gynecology and also display promising characteristics in terms of solving more complex and intricate constraints. ToC as a concept were able to identify constraints in a healthcare department with a simple yet apparent cause and effect linkage. Finally, the findings indicate that ToC complements the concept of working with Continuous Improvements (CI) within the healthcare.The conclusions from this study have implications both in a theoretical perspective and a practical perspective. The findings provide additional empirical data to a field that is currently dominated by theories. In a practical aspect, the results of this study provides hospitals insights of ToC, a potentially valuable tool to improve efficiency and decrease lead times while working long-term towards an approach with CI.Det nuvarande behovet för sjukvård ökar med en allt snabbare takt världen över. Sjukhus och andravårdinstitutioner behöver anpassa sig och göra förändringar för att hantera de demografiska förändringar som sker. Samtidigt så har många sjukhus och vårdcentraler mycket begränsade resurser för att hitta lämpliga lösningar. Ett koncept från tillverkningsindustrin som betraktas som en lämplig lösning för denna situation är ett koncept som heter Theory of Constraints (ToC). Detta koncept fokuserar på att effektivisera processer genom att koordinera de aktiviteter som ingår i en process för att i sin tur säkerställa ett effektivt produktionsflöde. Denna studie har undersökt detta koncepts möjligheter att stödja medicinsk och administrativ personal i arbetet med att försöka minska ledtider i en vårdmiljö.Utredningen har genomförts praktiskt genom en fältstudie på ett av Stockholms största sjukhus. Sjukhuset är ett av de ledande inom svensk medicin och tar emot och behandlar uppemot 300 000 patienter årligen. Fältstudiens utformning bygger på tre metoder, intervjuer, skuggningar och observationer vilket alla är sammankopplade med kvalitativ datainsamling.Resultaten indikerar att tillämpandet av konceptet ToC har påvisat litet förändringsmotstånd av de som har deltagit i förändringsarbetet samt att konceptet har haft förmågan att identifiera och lösa mindre restriktioner inom sjukhusavdelningen för Obstetrik och Gynekologi. Detta har i huvudsak gjorts genom att kartlägga olika aktiviteter med en tydlig orsak och verkan samband. Utöver detta så har konceptet initialt påvisat intressanta framsteg för att eventuellt lösa mer komplexa restriktioner som begränsar produktionsflödet i en sjukhusmiljö. Vidare så framgår det att konceptet ToC i viss utsträckning kompletterar filosofin att arbeta med kontinuerliga förbättringar (Continuous Improvements/CI).Slutsatserna för denna studie har implikationer för både ett teoretiskt och praktiskt perspektiv. Utifrån ett teoretiskt perspektiv, så förser resultaten från studien med ytterligare empiriska data i ett område som för närvarande är uppbyggt av teori och litteratur. Utifrån en praktisk synvinkel ger resultaten för denna studie sjukhus och vårdinstitutioner värdefulla insikter om konceptet ToC, ett potentiellt värdefullt verktyg för att förbättra effektiviteten och minska ledtider samtidigt som det stödjer ett långsiktigt arbete med kontinuerliga förbättringar.
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Pulhin, Juan M., and jpulhin@laguna net. "Community Forestry: Paradoxes and Perspectives in Development Practice." The Australian National University. Department of Human Geography, 1997. http://thesis.anu.edu.au./public/adt-ANU20010828.120905.
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This thesis deals with two related topics: core development objectives in community forestry in the Philippines, and the 'instruments' of development practice which have been used to address these objectives. The two topics have currency beyond forestry development and are at the centre of a debate about sustainable development. Community forestry aims to democratise resource access, alleviate poverty, and ensure the sustainability of forest resources. Development practice, however, has often led to contradictory outcomes. This paradox is examined from three perspectives: that of political economy, characteristics of practice, and the theory of rationalisation.
¶Four government-initiated community forestry projects in the Philippines are analysed. These projects provide an historical trend on the development and refinements of the different techniques from the early 1980s to the present. The relationship between the use of these techniques and improved outcomes in terms of the three core concerns is established. Empirical findings from the cases suggest that there is no necessary relationship between the employment of these instruments and better development outcomes. The attempt to democratise forest resource access through the use of access instruments has benefited the local elite and reinforced the government's jurisdiction over these resources. Similarly, the use of appraisal and participatory planning techniques has homogenised views of the local community and advanced a centrally determined agenda in forest management that has worked against the alleviation of poverty. Forest degradation is likely to continue, even with the incorporation of social factors into the concept of sustained-yield forest management.
¶The political economy perspective suggests that contradictory effects can be explained by the country's historical and political structure which has been shaped by an economically-driven development model and dominated by a more privileged sector. Despite genuine efforts for reform, this perspective contends that community forestry projects and related development interventions will always be influenced by political forces, and their benefits will be captured by the privileged sector. On the other hand, a focus on the characteristics of practice leads to the conclusion that contradictory effects are results of the limitations of these techniques, including their poor application. This implies that the adverse effects may be addressed through the refinement of these techniques and improvements in their application. Finally, the rationalisation thesis reveals that paradoxical effects are inherent in the use of these techniques. This perspective posits that even with the apparent shift from a state-controlled to a more participatory and decentralised approach in forest management, such as community forestry, the instrumentalist nature associated with the application of these techniques reinforces the characteristics of homogeneity, technocracy, and centralism which are inclined to produced paradoxical outcomes.
¶Both the political economy and the rationalisation perspectives provide a gloomy prognosis for community forestry. However, the recognition of the dual problems of poverty and environmental degradation in the Philippine uplands, suggests that community forestry should not be abandoned. Through a responsive mode of practice, there is room to move to improve the outcomes of the three central objectives. But responsive practice is not a panacea for all development ills. The process is bound to be slow, strategies will vary from one place to another, and success will be patchy. But because responsive community forestry practice is not amenable to central programming and control, it is more likely to result in sustainable outcomes than the present approaches.
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Hjälm, Michael. "Liberation of the Ecclesia : The Unfinished Project of Liturgical Theology." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala universitet, Kyrkovetenskap, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-158782.
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This dissertation is a critical study of the paradigm of Liturgical Theology. Focus in this systematic inquiry has been on the Russian school with the focal point in the works of Alexander Schmemann, who was active in the late 20th century. The main question of the thesis concerns the relation between theory and practice in Liturgical Theology. It is claimed that the relation between theory and practice corresponds to the relation between ritual action and communicative action. The former concerns the identity founded on the unavoidable alterity immanent in life, but also transcending life through a holistic encounter with life, which enables us to express a holistic attitude to life and the entire world. The latter concerns the equally unavoidable rationalization of life which gives rise to a continuous atomization of life through science and the process of acquiring facts and data. The thesis makes use of different theories for the reaching of an explanatory theory in connection to theory and practice. Foremost the Theory of Communicative Action in the works of Jürgen Habermas and the re-interpretation of disclosure by Nikolas Kompridis is used. It is claimed tthat ritual action is connected to a primary disclosure attached to otherness with the intention of revealing the identity of the Ecclesia. Without identity, we are left with a never-ending debate and a continuous atomization where every answer exponentially provokes more questions. Communicative action then is connected with a secondary co-disclosure with the intention for the reaching of mutual understanding, making subjects accountable and responsible. Without communicative action we are bound on a long walk into the never ending sea of being. The missionary imperative in the Ecclesia is dependent on the co-existence of ritual action and communicative action.
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Manzine, Luiz Gonzaga [UNESP]. "Enquadramento tarifário de energia elétrica em agroindústria utilizando teoria Fuzzy." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/101787.
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O presente trabalho tem como objetivo utilizar a Teoria Fuzzy para obtenção de uma metodologia alternativa na escolha da estrutura tarifária de energia elétrica mais conveniente para a agroindústria e, em conseqüência, colaborar, reduzindo também os custos da oferta de energia elétrica para o país. A metodologia citada utiliza como variáveis principais o índice de utilização de energia elétrica e o fator de carga do horário de ponta. Estes dois parâmetros elétricos, juntamente com o fator de carga do horário fora de ponta, fornecem o enquadramento tarifário que mais se ajusta a uma determinada UC. Uma aplicação da metodologia estudada é apresentada num estudo de caso, envolvendo resultados obtidos com a migração tarifária de uma UC e ainda uma abordagem comparando os preços médios da energia elétrica para um consumidor em pleno funcionamento e para um projeto de planta elétrica. O Modelo Fuzzy alternativo construído teve desempenho comparável ao modelo, usando as fórmulas de preço médio de energia elétrica para o enquadramento tarifário de uma UC, fato confirmado no estudo de caso levado a efeito neste trabalho. Relativamente ao estudo de caso, chegou-se à conclusão afirmativa para a migração tarifária da ETC para a MTHSV, com diminuição no valor da demanda contratada. As análises feitas com o GMG, instalado na UC, mostraram ganho financeiro ao se gerar energia elétrica na atual estrutura e organização da linha de produção da UC, sendo desaconselhável sob o ponto de vista financeiro, se o GMG tiver de ser adquirido. Quanto ao controle das demandas de potências solicitadas, estudos mostraram que é necessário, não sendo, porém viável levando-se em conta o aspecto estritamente financeiro com um controlador de demanda nos moldes propostos por uma empresa especializada, consultada com esta finalidade.
The present work aims to use Fuzzy Theory to obtain an alternative methodology in choosing the most convenient tariff structure of electric energy for agroindustry and as consequence to cooperate for its rational use and also reduce the costs in offering electric energy for the country. The methodology uses as main variables the index of electric energy usage and the load factor at peak hours. These two electric parameters along with the load factor out of peak hours make up the tariff adjustment which best applies to a determined consuming unit. One usage of the studied methodology is shown in a case study involving obtained results from tariff migration of one consuming unit. It is also presented an approach comparing average tariff of electric energy for consumers at full work as well as for an electric plant project. The built alternative Fuzzy Model had a performance comparable to the main model using formulas of electric energy average tariff for tariff adjustment of one consuming unit. Such procedure was confirmed in the case study carried out in this work. Concerning the case study there was a positive conclusion for tariff migration of CCT to GSTTM with a decrease on the value of the contracted demand. Analysis carried out with GMG, which was installed at consuming unit, showed a financial profit when generating electric energy on the current structure and organization of production line at consuming unit thus being unadvisable under financial aspects if GMC is to be purchased. Researches show that it is necessary the control of required energy demand. However it is not viable considering only the financial aspects with a demand controller under the proposed models for a specialized company which was consulted for such aim.
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Manzine, Luiz Gonzaga 1951. "Enquadramento tarifário de energia elétrica em agroindústria utilizando teoria Fuzzy /." Botucatu : [s.n.], 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/101787.
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Orientador: Nelson Miguel TeixeiraBanca: Carlos Roberto Padovani
Banca: Isidoro Casal Caminha Junior
Banca: Luiz Francisco da Cruz
Banca: Odival Faccenda
Resumo: O presente trabalho tem como objetivo utilizar a Teoria Fuzzy para obtenção de uma metodologia alternativa na escolha da estrutura tarifária de energia elétrica mais conveniente para a agroindústria e, em conseqüência, colaborar, reduzindo também os custos da oferta de energia elétrica para o país. A metodologia citada utiliza como variáveis principais o índice de utilização de energia elétrica e o fator de carga do horário de ponta. Estes dois parâmetros elétricos, juntamente com o fator de carga do horário fora de ponta, fornecem o enquadramento tarifário que mais se ajusta a uma determinada UC. Uma aplicação da metodologia estudada é apresentada num estudo de caso, envolvendo resultados obtidos com a migração tarifária de uma UC e ainda uma abordagem comparando os preços médios da energia elétrica para um consumidor em pleno funcionamento e para um projeto de planta elétrica. O Modelo Fuzzy alternativo construído teve desempenho comparável ao modelo, usando as fórmulas de preço médio de energia elétrica para o enquadramento tarifário de uma UC, fato confirmado no estudo de caso levado a efeito neste trabalho. Relativamente ao estudo de caso, chegou-se à conclusão afirmativa para a migração tarifária da ETC para a MTHSV, com diminuição no valor da demanda contratada. As análises feitas com o GMG, instalado na UC, mostraram ganho financeiro ao se gerar energia elétrica na atual estrutura e organização da linha de produção da UC, sendo desaconselhável sob o ponto de vista financeiro, se o GMG tiver de ser adquirido. Quanto ao controle das demandas de potências solicitadas, estudos mostraram que é necessário, não sendo, porém viável levando-se em conta o aspecto estritamente financeiro com um controlador de demanda nos moldes propostos por uma empresa especializada, consultada com esta finalidade.
Abstract: The present work aims to use Fuzzy Theory to obtain an alternative methodology in choosing the most convenient tariff structure of electric energy for agroindustry and as consequence to cooperate for its rational use and also reduce the costs in offering electric energy for the country. The methodology uses as main variables the index of electric energy usage and the load factor at peak hours. These two electric parameters along with the load factor out of peak hours make up the tariff adjustment which best applies to a determined consuming unit. One usage of the studied methodology is shown in a case study involving obtained results from tariff migration of one consuming unit. It is also presented an approach comparing average tariff of electric energy for consumers at full work as well as for an electric plant project. The built alternative Fuzzy Model had a performance comparable to the main model using formulas of electric energy average tariff for tariff adjustment of one consuming unit. Such procedure was confirmed in the case study carried out in this work. Concerning the case study there was a positive conclusion for tariff migration of CCT to GSTTM with a decrease on the value of the contracted demand. Analysis carried out with GMG, which was installed at consuming unit, showed a financial profit when generating electric energy on the current structure and organization of production line at consuming unit thus being unadvisable under financial aspects if GMC is to be purchased. Researches show that it is necessary the control of required energy demand. However it is not viable considering only the financial aspects with a demand controller under the proposed models for a specialized company which was consulted for such aim.
Doutor
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Ammar, Oussama. "L’expérimentation stratégique du business model : proposition d’un cadre conceptuel et méthodologique." Thesis, Lyon 2, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010LYO22025.
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Face un environnement complexe et hyper-compétitif, les firmes sont amenées à reconsidérer leur modèle de création de valeur. Leur réaction s’insère dans le cadre d’une réinvention voire innovation de leur Business Model (BM). Ceci passe indéniablement par une démarche d’expérimentation stratégique. Définie comme un processus par lequel les firmes explorent de nouvelles sources de revenus et testent de nouveaux concepts d’affaires, l’expérimentation stratégique s’associe à un outil de réinvention du BM qui intervient non seulement dans la création de nouveaux BM mais également dans la transformation de BM existants. Nous posons ainsi la question de savoir : Comment concevoir l’expérimentation stratégique des BM des entreprises ? Dans cette perspective, notre recherche vise à dresser un cadre conceptuel et méthodologique de l’expérimentation stratégique. Il s’agit de proposer aux entreprises une aide à la conception d’une méthodologie d’expérimentation de BM. Pour répondre à cette problématique, nous proposons de définir l’expérimentation stratégique comme une théorie combinée du changement en partant du modèle de Van de Ven et Poole (1995) sur les théories de changement et de développement organisationnel. Ceci permet de traduire les processus centraux de l’expérimentation stratégique et d’en saisir les dimensions clés. Dans le cadre d’une approche qualitative avec étude de cas, nous interrogeons trois profils d’acteurs sur leurs registres de conception et de pratique de l’expérimentation. Ensuite, nous élaborons via une analyse inter-profils un modèle générique d’expérimentation stratégique de BM qui s’articule autour de trois temps de l’expérimentation stratégique ; un temps de virtualisation, un temps d’actualisation et un temps d’itérations de processus de rationalisation et d’apprentissageIn a hypercompetitive environment, firms are obliged to reconsider their revenue formula and to innovate consequently the way they create value and make profit. This lies at the heart of every company’s ability to experiment new Business Models (BM) and becomes a key step in the strategic thinking. Defined as a process by which firms explore new ways of doing business, strategic experimentation takes shape of series of trial and error changes pursued along various dimensions of strategy in an effort to identify and establish a viable basis for competing. Our research examines strategic experimentation as an effective tool for BM reinvention. It answers therefore to the main question of: How to conceive BM experimentation? In this way, we define strategic experimentation as a combined theory of change according to the model developed by Van de Ven and Poole (1995) to explain processes of organizational development and change. We aim at dressing a conceptual and methodological framework for strategic experimentation that would helps managers and academics to conceive and master the process of BM experimentation. Using a qualitative research methodology rooted in a case study approach, we achieved semi-structured interviews with three categories of actors implied in the process of BM experimentation. Our results demonstrate that BM experimentation is organized through four major processes which are exploration, formulation, resources allocation and identification which are articulated by a time of virtualization, a time of actualization, and a time of iterations based on learning and rationalization
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Saraceno, Marco. "De la mesure du corps à la politique des corps : une histoire des sciences du travail (1880-1920)." Thesis, Paris 10, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA100081/document.
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A la fin du XIXe siècle, dans le contexte de la mise en place de la société salariale en Europe, émerge un projet positiviste d’étude du travail humain que l’on n’a pas hésité à appeler « ergologie ». Ce projet, qui traversera différentes sciences humaines, cherchait à définir et à encadrer normativement le travail humain en partant de l’étude des potentialités et des limites psycho-physiologiques de l’activité corporelle (fatigue, aptitudes psychomotrices, monotonie, attention..). En ce sens, l’étude psycho-physiologique s’inscrivait dans un projet plus large d’« optimisation » de l’activité humaine (hygiénisme, paix sociale, eugénisme...), en ce sens la connaissance du corps au travail apparaissait comme une partie de la rationalisation de son « usage ». C’est dans cette perspective que certains historiens ont interprété le programme ergologique comme une tentative de « chosification » du corps dont le but serait de le transformer en instrument au service du profit capitaliste et/ou en support du contrôle disciplinaire de l’Etat (Rabinbach, 1992). Or, en observant le développement épistémologique et politique de ce projet « ergologique », on peut s’apercevoir que les tentatives de mesurer et de gérer le corps entendu comme instrument de la production montrent en continuation la nécessité de prendre en compte le choix volontaire par laquelle l’homme définit le but pour de son activité corporelle. En effet, si le travail humain ne peut être défini que comme une activité instrumentale pour atteindre un but « voulu », l’homme serait donc celui qui fait usage de son propre corps pour réaliser un « projet ». Ainsi, mesurer et gouverner les hommes par le travail du corps, tel que cherche à le faire « l’ergologie », n’équivaut pas simplement à réduire celui-ci à un objet malléable, mais également à penser l’activité corporelle instrumentale comme le moment où l’homme définit les objectif de son action en fonctions des différentes contraintes qui déterminent son action vitaleAt the end of the nineteenth century, in the context of the implementation of the “wage society” in Europe, appears a positivist project for studying human labor, which does not hesitate to define "ergology." This project, that cross different human sciences, sought to define and guide the normatively human work on the basis of the study of the psycho-physiological potentiality and limits of body’s activity (fatigue, attitudes, monotony, attention ...). In this sense, the study of psycho-physiological motions is part of a project about the "optimization" of human activities (hygienism, social peace, eugenics ...). From this perspective, some historians have interpreted the “ergology” as a form of "mechanization" of the body that would transform it into an instrument at the service of the capitalist profit and/or into a support of the disciplinary control of the State (Rabinbach, 1992) . However, observing the epistemological and political development of the "ergological project ", we can see that to measure and to management the man as an instrument of the production it need to take into account the voluntary action by which man defines the goal that his bodily activity. If human labor can be defined as an activity instrumental to achieve a goal "desired", so the man appears as the “master” of his body for the accomplishment of a “project”. So, measure and govern men through the work of the body does not just mean reducing the latter to object malleable, but also think the work as the action through the organic activity can be the support for a “human” realization
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Chia-Hua, Hsu, and 許家華. "The Instrumental Rationality of Taiwan Education : Grom the Concept of Max Weber''s Rationalization Theory." Thesis, 1998. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/18287323349461034083.
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碩士國立師範大學
三民主義研究所
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The researcher focuses the study on education of Taiwan and the motivesinclude: (1)education concerns not only personal progresses of individuals,butalso the improvements of society and public sphere. (2) there is a close rela-tionship between education and the developments of nation, and it is moreimportant to realize the role and the functions of education policy in thegovernmental regime. With this percipience, the main purpose of this re-search is to analyze the performing processes of educational improvement andsocial reform, and to combine these two issues mentioned above. For the inten-tion,the researcher choices two paths to approach the target. First, using theconcept of Max Weber''s rationalization theory to comprehend the feature ofinstrumental rationality and to introspect our nation policy . Second, usingindependent theory to expound the structures of politics and economy of Taiwansince 1950''s in order to examine the transmutation of education. The followingfindings emerged from this study include : (1) from Weber''s concept of ration-alization ,we have understood that instrumental rationality had been a leadingpower of our modern society. (2) in the processes of political, economic , andsocial reforms, education policy play an influential role. (3) owing to theoverall management of whole resources of politics,economy, culture,and societyby structural hegemony,our education had been executed in a formal rationliza-tional way.
Books on the topic "Theory of rationalization"
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Explorations in social theory: From metatheorizing to rationalization. London: SAGE, 2001.
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Gane, Nicholas. Max Weber and postmodern theory: Rationalization versus re-enchantment. New York: Palgrave, 2002.
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Direct action and desegregation, 1960-1962: Toward a theory of the rationalization of protest. Brooklyn, N.Y: Carlson Pub., 1989.
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Reznik, Semen, and Igor' Chemezov. University managers: theory, practice and efficiency of personal work organization. ru: INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/1168572.
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Theoretical and methodological approaches to the problems of self-organization of University managers, technologies of rationalization of their personal work are considered. Special attention is paid to the tools of self-control and evaluation of the effectiveness of the organization of personal activities of the University Manager. The monograph was prepared at the Department of Management of the Penza state University of architecture and construction. It is intended for scientists who study the problems of personal management in higher education, teachers, students and postgraduates, as well as for anyone interested in the problems of self-organization of business people.
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Nordenfelt, Lennart. Rationality and compulsion: Applying action theory to psychiatry. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2007.
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Ritzer, George. Explorations in Social Theory: From Metatheorizing to Rationalization. SAGE Publications, Limited, 2010.
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Ritzer, George, and G. Ritzer. Explorations in Social Theory: From Metatheorizing to Rationalization. SAGE Publications, Incorporated, 2001.
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Jasso, Makana. Explorations in Social Theory: From Metatheorizing to Rationalization. Scitus Academics LLC, 2018.
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Gane, N. Max Weber and Postmodern Theory: Rationalization Versus Re-Enchantment. Palgrave Macmillan Limited, 2002.
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Gane, Nicholas. Max Weber and Postmodern Theory: Rationalization Versus Re-enchantment. Palgrave Macmillan, 2005.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Theory of rationalization"
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Adams, Walter, and James W. Brock. "Economic Theory: Rhetoric, Reality, Rationalization." In Information and Communication in Economics, 125–45. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-2204-7_5.
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Bordarie, Jimmy. "Rationalization Processes Between Social Representations and Semantic Block Theory." In Lecture Notes in Morphogenesis, 151–69. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-61593-6_8.
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Gane, Nicholas. "Rationalization and Disenchantment, II: the Differentiation and De-differentiation of Modern Culture." In Max Weber and Postmodern Theory, 28–44. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230502512_3.
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Gane, Nicholas. "Rationalization and Disenchantment, I: From the Origins of Religion to the Death of God." In Max Weber and Postmodern Theory, 15–27. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230502512_2.
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Kreutzer, Susanne. "Chapter Ten: Rationalization of Nursing in West Germany and the United States, 1945–1970." In Critical Approaches in Nursing Theory and Nursing Research, 209–28. Göttingen: V&R unipress, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.14220/9783737005128.209.
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Sevelsted, Anders, and Jonas Toubøl. "Paradigm Lost? Three Dimensions of Morality and Social Movements." In Nonprofit and Civil Society Studies, 15–37. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-98798-5_2.
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AbstractIn this chapter, focusing on the position of the concept of morality, we briefly review the evolution of the field of social movements from the first formulations of the phenomena of protest, mass, and collective action in classical sociology, through the formation of social movement studies as proper field of research in the 1970s, to its contemporary state. We argue that while morality was central to the classical tradition’s understanding of movements, it lost prominence when the field was established, and still today, morality does not receive much attention. There are, of course, notable exceptions like the work of Jeffrey Alexander, Hans Joas, and the new social movement tradition in Europe. Relatively recently, morality has received increasing attention from scholars studying movements from the perspective of culture. We discuss the role of morality in three of the most prominent theories in this tradition, namely, collective identity, frame alignment, and emotion theory. We argue that they all present promising avenues for developing our understanding of morality and movements while we also point to limitations and inadequacies in each theory or the way they have been applied. We then turn to the constructive work of reorganizing the concept of morality’s relationship with civic action and social movement by developing three dimensions of morality that we argue which are of particular relevance to social movements: selves in interaction, rationalization and justification, and culture and tradition. We trace each dimension from its origin in moral philosophy through its formulation in classical sociology and finally into contemporary theories of civic action. Before closing, we reflect on how the different dimensions intersect and can be applied to the analysis of contemporary empirical cases of social movements and political protest.
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Giannakos, Michail. "Data Collection and Analysis in Learning Technology and CCI Research." In Experimental Studies in Learning Technology and Child–Computer Interaction, 47–67. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-14350-2_6.
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AbstractConducting experimental studies in learning technology and CCI research entails an iterative process of observation, rationalization, and validation. Although data collection and data analysis procedures may vary widely in complexity, their selection is based on the research objectives, RQs or hypotheses. So the researchers need to carefully select them and make sure that the research design decisions of data collection and analysis, are adequate for the goals of the study. This chapter provides information on the various data collections and analyses that are usually employed in learning technology and CCI research. This chapter is intended to serve as a guide for CCI and learning technology researchers, and help them deciding what data they need to collect and how they should analyze them to address the goals of their study.
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Sevelsted, Anders, and Jonas Toubøl. "Introduction: Movements and Morality." In Nonprofit and Civil Society Studies, 3–13. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-98798-5_1.
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AbstractThe introductory chapter argues why there is a need for a book on movements and morality and how this volume meets this need. It introduces the twofold purpose of the book: insights into the moral foundations of current civic struggles and political conflicts and developing theoretical, empirical, and methodological approaches to studying morality in movements. Then a review of the development of the field of social movement research reveals how morality is treated fragmentarily, which leads to a discussion of the terminological tempest of morality and an introduction of the three moral dimensions that structure the book: selves in interaction, rationalization and justification, and culture and tradition. The contributions to the volume are introduced according to these three dimensions, and a final section points to the methodological creativity and diversity that characterizes the volume, attesting to the fruitfulness of a research agenda centered on movements and morality.
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"Rationalization." In Encyclopedia of Educational Philosophy and Theory, 2016. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-287-588-4_100889.
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"The Mechanism of Rationalization." In Value in Social Theory, 116–22. Routledge, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315006451-25.
Full textConference papers on the topic "Theory of rationalization"
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Hornung, Severin, and Thomas Höge. "THE DARKSIDE OF IDIOSYNCRATIC DEALS: HUMANISTIC VERSUS NEOLIBERAL TRENDS AND APPLICATIONS." In International Psychological Applications Conference and Trends. inScience Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.36315/2021inpact097.
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"Theory-building on workplace flexibility is extended, based on a critical Human Resource (HR) systems framework and paradox (conflict) perspective on employee-oriented vs. capacity-oriented flexibility. Differentiated are variabilities in HR practices by: a) content (functional, temporal, spatial, numerical, financial); b) control (employer, employee); and c) creation (top-down, bottom-up). Hybrid types of bottom-up initiated and top-down authorized flexibility, idiosyncratic deals (i-deals), describe mutually beneficial, negotiated agreements on non-standard working conditions between employees and employer. If their real-world manifestations reflect idealized assumptions, however, remains obscure. Integrating institutional logics, HR systems embody values of humanistic ideals vs. neoliberal ideology: (1) individuation vs. individualism; (2) solidarity vs. competition; (3) emancipation vs. instrumentality. Reflecting these antipodes, construed ideal-type and anti-type i-deals facilitate: (a) self-actualization vs. self-reliance (needs vs. interests); (b) common good vs. tournament situations (triple-win vs. winner-take-all); (c) social transformation vs. economic rationalization (development vs. performance). In humanistic management theory, i-deals increase employee-oriented flexibility, but, in reality, risk being co-opted for economic rationalization and divisive labor-political power strategies. Antagonistic applications involve: humanization vs. rationalization goals; egalitarian vs. elitist distribution; relational vs. transactional resources; need-based vs. contribution-based authorization; procedural vs. distributive justice; supplementing vs. substituting collective HR practices. Instrumental adoption in high-performance work environments likely facilitates harmful internalizations as subjectification and self-exploitation."
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Wu, Yan. "RATIONALIZATION AND SECULARIZATION – A LOOK AT THE MAIN TRENDS OF MODERN CHINESE BUDDHISM IN THE INTERPRETATION OF THE WESTERN THEORY OF RELIGION." In Buddhism and Other Traditional Religions of the Peoples of Russia, Inner and East Asia. Publishing House of the Buryat Scientific Center of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Science, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.30792/978-5-7925-0505-6-2018-51-68.
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Stout, Roger Paul. "Thermal Performance of a Monolithic Thin-Shell Concrete Dome." In ASME/JSME 2007 Thermal Engineering Heat Transfer Summer Conference collocated with the ASME 2007 InterPACK Conference. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ht2007-32814.
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A 3,000 sq.ft., two-story monolithic thin-shell concrete dome custom home was constructed in 2005 in Mesa, AZ, by the author. This architectural construction style represents a small, but growing, commercial and residential market, one of whose selling points is energy efficiency. During the preliminary architectural design phase, the only anecdotal and case studies available to the author were mainly related to cold-weather climates. No technically adequate thermal performance studies were found for the opposite, high temperature extreme of climate conditions. To address this need, two models are developed and explored. First, a preliminary lumped-parameter model (initially created to lend technical credence to the exuberant claims of dome aficionados and provide rationalization for the custom home construction project), is compared with actual data collected at the dome during construction. Because the correlation is not very good, a second model based on thermal two-port transmission line theory, is developed. This model provides additional insight, and in particular, comparison with the actual data suggests that model verification will require a somewhat different approach to data collection itself (and to the manner in which the model is utilized). This is confirmed using a small set of subsequent trial data. Thermal models aside, actual utility consumption data for the dome is compared with two conventional block-construction homes in the same geographic locale, showing that the dome thermal performance, at least during the hot months of the year, provides a measurable advantage. Finally, it is shown how the transmission line model makes it very easy to explore the thermal effects of reversing the order of the primary material layers (insulation and concrete).
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Konovalova, A. A., D. A. Yakimova, and A. A. Danilova. "Rationalization of financial resources at the enterprise." In 2022 33th All-Russian Youth Exhibition of Innovations. Publishing House of Kalashnikov ISTU, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.22213/ie022104.
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The rationalization of financial resources at the enterprise is currently a steadily developing direction of the economic activity of the organization. It implies the need for analytics of the enterprise economy, accounting, financial activities, etc. This direction includes the development of methods for managing the financial resources of the enterprise and their sources. The article discusses various aspects of planning and research of financial resources in the activities of enterprises. The main objective of this article is to consider the basic principles of managing financial costs and their sources in the enterprise. An algorithm for conducting a comprehensive analysis of the financial condition of an enterprise and evaluating the effectiveness of its activities is proposed. As a result of the study, the most common problems in improving the efficiency of managing financial processes in an organization were identified. A recommendation was made to use an integrated method for rationalizing financial resources in order to eliminate unplanned costs. The paper presents the practical application of an integrated method for managing costs in an enterprise.
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Wu, Yanyan, Jami J. Shah, and Joseph K. Davidson. "Rationalization and Computer Modeling of GD&T Classes." In ASME 2002 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2002/cie-34482.
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The main focus of this research is to develop a mathematical model for GD&T (Geometric Dimensioning and Tolerancing) to support tolerance specification, validation and tolerance analysis. The model should be built on the clear definition of GD&T, both in terms of semantics and syntax. The current tolerance standards (Y14.5M-1994 and ISO 1101-1983) have many inconsistencies. We present a rational basis for GD&T by examining the basic elements involved in geometric variation and their interrelations. Tolerance classes are defined in terms of a target, a datum reference frame, and geometric relations. The GD&T global model developed is the basis for a set of computer tools for automatically generating and validating dimension and tolerance specifications based on the functionality of the part, checking dimensioning status and tolerancing status, and applying GD&T advisor.
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Lavrentiev, A. A., L. N. Ananchenko, and I. S. Kochetkov. "CONCEPT OF RATIONAL NATURE MANAGEMENT." In STATE AND DEVELOPMENT PROSPECTS OF AGRIBUSINESS. DSTU-PRINT, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.23947/interagro.2020.1.275-278.
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This paper discusses the concept of environmental management. The general criteria for achieving the rational use of natural resources are formulated. The methods of achieving the "rationalization" of natural resources by establishing the relevant regulatory acts taking into account the regional conditions of the regions are analyzed. The disadvantages of the considered methods and the prospects for their application are established.
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Javadova, R. A., and K. T. Shikhaliyev. "Peculiarities of Oil Deposits in Gas-Condensate Systems and Rationalization of their Production, South Caspian Basin." In 77th EAGE Conference and Exhibition 2015. Netherlands: EAGE Publications BV, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.3997/2214-4609.201413149.
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Hiroki, Yada, Takaya Shigeru, and Enuma Yasuhiro. "Proposal of Inspection Rationalization Method and Application for Sodium Cooled Fast Reactor." In 2020 International Conference on Nuclear Engineering collocated with the ASME 2020 Power Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone2020-16735.
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Abstract In order to rationalize maintenance for nuclear power plants, it is necessary to develop optimize maintenance plan by considering characteristics of each plant. In sodium-cooled fast reactor, there are constraints on inspections due to the specialty of handling sodium equipment, that is one of the important points when considering rationalization of maintenance. To solve this problem, we proposed a basic concept of maintenance optimization scheme that is a design support tool in order to develop maintenance strategy, based on “system based code (SBC)”. SBC is a concept to optimize the reliability of a nuclear power plant by consideration of all related technical requirements. “ASME Code Case N-875” and “ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code, Section XI, Division 2 (RIM)” based on system based code were already developed as standards for inspection. One of the proposed scheme goals is to make a concrete way of necessary assessment method. Another is to provide several combinations of design and maintenance, and information for owner in order to choose the acceptable combination. In the beginning, we are working to develop the scheme that can be applied to sodium fast reactor as the main concept of next generation reactor. In this context, primary heat transfer system (PHTS) piping of fast reactor was evaluated by the scheme. This piping was chosen because it is major significant component and the inspection have constraint conditions that need preparation work. As a result, design candidate (e.g. single and double wall piping) and inspection candidate (e.g. ultrasonic testing and continues leakage monitoring) combinations along with benefit of each cases were provided.
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Brill, Markus, and Nimrod Talmon. "Pairwise Liquid Democracy." In Twenty-Seventh International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence {IJCAI-18}. California: International Joint Conferences on Artificial Intelligence Organization, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.24963/ijcai.2018/19.
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In a liquid democracy, voters can either vote directly or delegate their vote to another voter of their choice. We consider ordinal elections, and study a model of liquid democracy in which voters specify partial orders and use several delegates to refine them. This flexibility, however, comes at a price, as individual rationality (in the form of transitive preferences) can no longer be guaranteed. We discuss ways to detect and overcome such complications. Based on the framework of distance rationalization, we introduce novel variants of voting rules that are tailored to the liquid democracy context.
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Akagi, Kenji, Kouichi Murayama, Miki Yoshida, and Junichi Kawahata. "Modularization Technology in Power Plant Construction." In 10th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. ASMEDC, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone10-22244.
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Since the early 1980s, Hitachi has been developing and applying modularization technology to domestic nuclear power plant construction, and has achieved great rationalization. Modularization is one of the plant construction techniques which enables us to reduce site labor by pre-assembling components like equipment, pipes, valves and platforms in congested areas and installing them using large capacity cranes for cost reduction, better quality, safety improvement and shortening of construction time. In this paper, Hitachi’s modularization technologies are described especially from with respect to their sophisticated design capabilities. The application of 3D-CAD at the detailed layout design stage, concurrent design environment achieved by the computer network, module design quantity control and the management system are described.
Reports on the topic "Theory of rationalization"
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Johns, William, Sabrina Speich, and Lead Authors. Tropical Atlantic Observing System (TAOS) Review Report. CLIVAR, May 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.36071/clivar.rp.1.2021.
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The Tropical Atlantic Observing System (TAOS) review was proposed by the CLIVAR Atlantic Region Panel (ARP) and has been organized by the CLIVAR ARP in close cooperation with the PIRATA consortium. The review is intended to evaluate scientific progress since the last review and recommend actions to advance sustained observing efforts in the tropical Atlantic. The structure of the report is organized with an executive summary that introduces the main societal drivers and provides a summary of the recommendations and where in the report these are more thoroughly discussed. The core text of the report then proceeds in the following order: (1) a concise review of TAOS societal, scientific and operational drivers; (2) a summary of the current TAOS observing network; (3) recommendations on the evolution of the TAOS; (4) information on the actual TAOS data flow and products and recommendations for their evolution; and (5) recommendations on the future governance of the TAOS. More detailed information on the scientific and operational drivers are provided in the Appendices as well as a rationalization of all observing requirements in terms of Essential Ocean and Climate Variables.
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Lazonick, William, Philip Moss, and Joshua Weitz. Equality Denied: Tech and African Americans. Institute for New Economic Thinking, February 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.36687/inetwp177.
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Thus far in reporting the findings of our project “Fifty Years After: Black Employment in the United States Under the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission,” our analysis of what has happened to African American employment over the past half century has documented the importance of manufacturing employment to the upward socioeconomic mobility of Blacks in the 1960s and 1970s and the devastating impact of rationalization—the permanent elimination of blue-collar employment—on their socioeconomic mobility in the 1980s and beyond. The upward mobility of Blacks in the earlier decades was based on the Old Economy business model (OEBM) with its characteristic “career-with-one-company” (CWOC) employment relations. At its launching in 1965, the policy approach of the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission assumed the existence of CWOC, providing corporate employees, Blacks included, with a potential path for upward socioeconomic mobility over the course of their working lives by gaining access to productive opportunities and higher pay through stable employment within companies. It was through these internal employment structures that Blacks could potentially overcome barriers to the long legacy of job and pay discrimination. In the 1960s and 1970s, the generally growing availability of unionized semiskilled jobs gave working people, including Blacks, the large measure of employment stability as well as rising wages and benefits characteristic of the lower levels of the middle class. The next stage in this process of upward socioeconomic mobility should have been—and in a nation as prosperous as the United States could have been—the entry of the offspring of the new Black blue-collar middle class into white-collar occupations requiring higher educations. Despite progress in the attainment of college degrees, however, Blacks have had very limited access to the best employment opportunities as professional, technical, and administrative personnel at U.S. technology companies. Since the 1980s, the barriers to African American upward socioeconomic mobility have occurred within the context of the marketization (the end of CWOC) and globalization (accessibility to transnational labor supplies) of high-tech employment relations in the United States. These new employment relations, which stress interfirm labor mobility instead of intrafirm employment structures in the building of careers, are characteristic of the rise of the New Economy business model (NEBM), as scrutinized in William Lazonick’s 2009 book, Sustainable Prosperity in the New Economy? Business Organization and High-Tech Employment in the United States (Upjohn Institute). In this paper, we analyze the exclusion of Blacks from STEM (science, technology, engineering, math) occupations, using EEO-1 employment data made public, voluntarily and exceptionally, for various years between 2014 and 2020 by major tech companies, including Alphabet (Google), Amazon, Apple, Cisco, Facebook (now Meta), Hewlett Packard Enterprise, HP Inc., Intel, Microsoft, PayPal, Salesforce, and Uber. These data document the vast over-representation of Asian Americans and vast under-representation of African Americans at these tech companies in recent years. The data also shine a light on the racial, ethnic, and gender composition of large masses of lower-paid labor in the United States at leading U.S. tech companies, including tens of thousands of sales workers at Apple and hundreds of thousands of laborers & helpers at Amazon. In the cases of Hewlett-Packard, IBM, and Intel, we have access to EEO-1 data from earlier decades that permit in-depth accounts of the employment transitions that characterized the demise of OEBM and the rise of NEBM. Given our findings from the EEO-1 data analysis, our paper then seeks to explain the enormous presence of Asian Americans and the glaring absence of African Americans in well-paid employment under NEBM. A cogent answer to this question requires an understanding of the institutional conditions that have determined the availability of qualified Asians and Blacks to fill these employment opportunities as well as the access of qualified people by race, ethnicity, and gender to the employment opportunities that are available. Our analysis of the racial/ethnic determinants of STEM employment focuses on a) stark differences among racial and ethnic groups in educational attainment and performance relevant to accessing STEM occupations, b) the decline in the implementation of affirmative-action legislation from the early 1980s, c) changes in U.S. immigration policy that favored the entry of well-educated Asians, especially with the passage of the Immigration Act of 1990, and d) consequent social barriers that qualified Blacks have faced relative to Asians and whites in accessing tech employment as a result of a combination of statistical discrimination against African Americans and their exclusion from effective social networks.
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ULTIMATE STRENGTH, DUCTILITY AND FAILURE MODE OF HIGH-STRENGTH FRICTIONAL BOLTED JOINTS MADE OF HIGH STRENGTH STEEL. The Hong Kong Institute of Steel Construction, August 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.18057/icass2020.p.239.
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Further structural rationalization of steel bridge such as weight reduction of members is realizable by utilizing high strength steel. However, due to the high yield-to-tensile strength ratio, failure of connected members occur before the members in gross area has been plastic-deformed sufficiently. In this study, tensile tests of frictional bolted joint which varies geometrical configurations and grades of plate and bolts, were conducted to compare failure modes of high strength steel joint and mild steel joint and to investigate the relationship among ultimate strength, ductility and failure mode. From obtained results, failure modes of high strength steel joint were the same as those of mild steel joint and can be almost classified with the respective ratios of net cross-section failure resistance and plate shear failure resistance to bolt shear failure resistance. Ultimate resistance and ductility became highest in the case of split failure mode where these ratios were about 1.0 and they increased as the ratios decreased. Therefore, it’s concluded that these ratios should be less than 1.0 to induce split failure mode for making high strength steel joint be broken after the member has been plastic-deformed sufficiently.