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1
Adams, Ian S. "Philosophy, ideology and educational theory." Thesis, Durham University, 1987. http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/6681/.
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This work is concerned with the nature and scope of ideology. It begins with an examination of the relationship between theory and practice in the relatively uncontentious area of education. An analysis of different kinds of educational theory reveals the nature of the most comprehensive form of such theorising to be problematic. It is argued that a solution to this problem depends upon the solution to the wider problem of the nature of political ideology, to which the discussion therefore shifts. Existing theories of political ideology being deemed inadequate, a fresh start is made by showing how this form of theory combines the descriptive and the evaluative in a particular way and with particular logical consequences. These consequences characterise ideology as a peculiar form of ethical understanding, involving a distinctive way of thinking and having a logical structure of its own. However, these characteristics which make ideology distinctive are not inherently political, and the possibility of there being several different forms of ideology is discussed. With these conclusions it becomes possible to return to the problem of comprehensive educational theory and show that it is composed of a number of forms of ideology, some related to political ideology and some not. The work concludes with some reflections upon the extent to which ideology is an inevitable component of all thinking about human affairs.
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Balkin, J. M. "Cultural software : a theory of ideology." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.339534.
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Stoica, Ruxandra-Iulia. "Ideology of urban conservation." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/9525.
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Although urban heritage has been a research field in the focus of scholars’ attention since the concepts of restoration and rehabilitation of monuments had been extended to entire areas such as historical city centres, before the mid‐twentieth century, architectural studies approached towns only through individual historical monuments, and historical studies only through juridical, political, and religious institutions or economic and social structures. In consequence, urban space as the manifestation of the urban phenomenon in its complexity has been largely ignored by the practice of urban conservation. This thesis aims to be a theoretical approach to the field of urban conservation, revealing its place at the crossing of history, architecture, urbanism, geography, philosophy, and anthropology. The creation of place, its understanding, the meaning that places hold for human identity and the way they shape us in return. The basis of such an enquiry is set by looking at attitudes towards the historic fabric over time and the origins of the notion of ‘urban conservation’ in its European context. The concentration of economic, social and cultural exchanges over long periods of time, which characterises traditional urban cultures, gives the value of historical areas in towns. Therefore, the history of urban development provides a substantial contribution towards the protection, conservation, and restoration policy of historic towns and urban areas as well as towards their development and adaptation to contemporary life. The term ‘integrated conservation’ emerged as a response to these changes in conservation’s relationship to heritage and its context. This broadened image of heritage enables a better understanding of how human activity has shaped the urban fabric and of how conservation can be perceived today as a component of management of urban change. This raises a number of theoretical and methodological issues, which are discussed in detail in this thesis: how do we understand the historic urban areas and how do we elicit their cultural values in order to protect and use these values. This research is therefore concerned with the origin and nature of ideas relevant to urban conservation, rather than with what is commonly regarded as being a prescriptive doctrine in heritage conservation generally, and indeed urban conservation. In reality, this latter view of the theoretical and philosophical body of research in conservation is hindering its theoretical development as a discipline and has an undesired, stalling effect on practice development. This is why this research aims to provide tools for thinking about specific conservation issues, not self‐sufficient theories. The references span a very wide timescale because of the inherent preoccupation of humans with their own inhabiting of the world, which is ultimately the frame in which urban settlements are inscribed.
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Conde-Costas, Luis A. "The marxist theory of ideology : a conceptual analysis /." Stockholm : Almqvist och Wiksell, 1991. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb35513946n.
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Valdés, Dal-Ré Fernando. "Theory and Ideology of Debates on Dismissal in Spain." Derecho & Sociedad, 2017. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/118587.
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This article analyzes the three major debates that have steadily been following the numerous regulatory changes, as regards dismissal, preceded the recent reform of 2012. They are: the regulation of the principle of causality and contradiction of dismissal which involves the allocation of unfair dismissal statute efficiency, reducing the cost of dismissal as a measure to combat chronic high rate of temporary employment in the Spanish industrial relations system and, finally, the argument of maintaining historical administrative authorization for lay offs of collective character. An examination of these discussions, we try to review schematically the most controversial aspects of that reform, paying particular attention to the matters of regulation and choice of the legislature by the most extreme solutions for dismissal.El presente trabajo analiza los tres grandes debates que de manera constante han venido acompañando a los numerosos cambios normativos que, en materia de despido, han precedido a la última reforma de 2012. Son ellos: la regulación del principio de causalidad del despido y la contradicción que comporta la atribución de eficacia extintiva a los despidos injustificados, la reducción del coste de despido como medida para combatir la crónica alta tasa de temporalidad en el sistema español de relaciones laborales y, en fin, la discusión del mantenimiento de la histórica autorización administrativa para los despidos de carácter colectivo. A partir del examen de estos debates, se intenta pasar revista de manera esquemática a los aspectos más controvertidos de la mencionada reforma, prestando una especial atención a las materias objeto de regulación y a la opción del legislador por las soluciones más extremas en materia de despido.
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Mackenzie, John Andrew. "Recycling ideology, reclaiming hegemony : ecologism and post-Marxist discourse theory /." [St. Lucia, Qld.], 2005. http://www.library.uq.edu.au/pdfserve.php?image=thesisabs/absthe19394.pdf.
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Nelson, Shelley. "Theory and reality, ideology and women's role in modern China." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp03/MQ65512.pdf.
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Bailey, Leon. "Critical theory and the sociology of knowledge : a comparative study in the theory of ideology /." New York : P. Lang, 1994. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37409230p.
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Oliveira, Heitor Coelho Franca de. "Marx na transição: sobre a relação entre teoria e práxis n\'A ideologia alemã." Universidade de São Paulo, 2017. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/8/8133/tde-19052017-105602/.
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A presente tese toma por objeto a relação entre teoria e práxis, tal como foi tratada por Karl Marx em sua fase de transição, em especial no livro A ideologia alemã. Obra em que o autor afirma tanto a prioridade mais definitiva da práxis quanto a quase perfeita impotência da teoria especulativa, rejeitando a filosofia e suas questões para fazer a exigência de uma práxis e uma união imediata entre ela e a teoria, ela torna-se objeto privilegiado para os questionamentos quanto às consequências da afirmação de uma tal prioridade da prática para a filosofia, bem como qual poderia ser o papel de uma teoria que se pretenda em função da práxis. Assim, após algumas considerações iniciais e uma contextualização da obra, a investigação principia por uma análise da noção de práxis desenvolvida nA ideologia alemã, para assim chegar à forma de sua relação com a teoria, como lá desenvolvida; a noção central para esta análise sendo o que aqui se designa por primado da prática. Em seguida, este primado é desdobrado em suas consequências teóricas e para o papel da teoria, resultando dele em muitos aspectos o oposto do que se propunha. Por fim, apresentam-se, a partir do ressurgimento destas questões, duas críticas às concepções dA ideologia alemã, de Cornelius Castoriadis e Theodor Adorno, por meio das quais ilustra-se o caráter de transição deste texto e seus conceitos na obra marxiana, bem como alguns dos acertos e intuições que lhe sobrevivem no autor, e como incitação à reflexão para nós e nosso tempo.The present thesis takes as its subject the relation of theory and praxis, such as presented by Karl Marx during his transitional period, specially in The German ideology. A work in which the author states the most definitive priority of praxis as well as theorys nearperfect impotence, rejecting philosophy and its questions make the demand for an immediate union of theory and praxis, it offers a privileged ground for questions regarding the consequences of affirming said priority of praxis to philosophy, as well as what could possibly be the role for a theory that intends to be at the service of praxis. Thusly, after a few considerations and giving a contextualization of the text, investigation begins by analyzing the notion of praxis developed throughout The German ideology, and in this way arriving at the form of its relation to theory; the main notion for this analysis being what is designated in this paper as the primacy of practice. Afterwards, this primacy itself us unfolded in all its consequences for theory and theorys role, with the results being often the opposite of what was intended. Lastly, two critiques of the German ideologys conceptions, by Cornelius Castoriadis and Theodor Adorno, are presented, by means of which one may illustrate the transitional character of said book and its concepts in the Marxian corpus, as well as how some of its best insights endure both in the authors latter works, and as a call to reflexion for us and our age.
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Gardiner, Michael Edward. "The dialogics of critique : M.M. Bakhtin and the theory of ideology." Thesis, University of York, 1991. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.280423.
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Shorthose, Jim. "A contribution to the critical theory of organisations : (neo) human relations management theory, ideology and subjectivity." Thesis, University of Warwick, 1996. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/36327/.
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This thesis contributes to the developing field of the critical theory of organisation. It presents a critical inquiry into the ideological nature of (neo)Human Relations management theory and its strategies for the management of subjectivity and organisational culture. The introductory chapters discuss the meta-theoretical grounds and contexts for the development of the thesis. Chapter 1 responds to the epistemological challenges put forward by post- Modernism highlighting the basic trajectory and underlying values of the thesis. Chapter 2 discusses the development of critical organisation theory so far, with respect to the discussions of subjectivity and culture. This includes a discussion of aspects of the work of Foucault, (neo)Marxist Theory, Labour Process Theory and critical social psychology as they have been taken up by organisational studies of subjectivity and culture. Chapter 3 clarifies the use of the concept of ideology and outlines the research strategy for the concrete study of (neo)Human Relations management as ideological. This involves a 'depth hermeneutic' research strategy, made up of the 3 components of (1) A Social Analysis, (2) A Discourse Analysis, and (3) An Interpretation of Meaning. As the 'Social Analysis' component of this 'depth hermeneutic', chapters 4, 5, 6, and 7 highlights the work of Herbert Marcuse, exploring his critical social psychology; his notion of 'new forms of control'; his discussions of the relationship between culture, language and power; and his discussions of the rationalisation process leading to the rationalisation of culture and power relations. This is followed by both the 'Discourse Analysis' and 'Interpretation of Meaning' components of the 'depth hermeneutic' method. Chapter 8 offers an account of the historical emergence of the management discourses around subjectivity and culture and identifies its leading authors. Chapter 9 offers a critical interpretation of meaning of this discourse in the light of Marcuse's social analysis which highlights the ideological nature of (neo)Human Relations management.
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Allsobrook, Christopher John. "'On genealogy and ideology criticism'." Thesis, University of Sussex, 2011. http://sro.sussex.ac.uk/id/eprint/6319/.
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This thesis identifies and explains a fundamental philosophical problem of self-implication in Marxian ideology criticism that has led to its misuse and rejection in social theory and political philosophy. I argue that Friedrich Nietzsche's development of genealogy as a method of social criticism complements ideology criticism in a way that overcomes this problem, by addressing it explicitly, rather than trying to avoid it. In making this argument, I hope to bridge a widely perceived gap between Nietzsche's and Michel Foucault's genealogical approaches to social criticism, on the one hand, and Marxian ideology criticism on the other. The conflict between these approaches has been exaggerated in contemporary academic literature, to the loss of invaluable contributions Nietzsche and Foucault make to the theory and practice of ideology criticism. I begin by defining ideology in way that, I demonstrate, takes into account the use of the notion by Karl Marx and the early Frankfurt School Critical Theorists, Max Horkheimer and Theodor Adorno. I identify two central components of ideology, namely, an epistemic aspect, regarding illusion, and a functional aspect, which links ideology to its role in maintaining oppression. I also defend the notion of ideology against major objections to each of these aspects. In Chapter 4, I introduce the problem of self-implication that, I take it, poses the greatest challenge to the coherence of ideology criticism. The remainder of the thesis examines two alternative ways of dealing with this problem, namely immanent and transcendent criticism. I explain the weaknesses with each approach and, in doing so, show why Marx and Adorno each succumb to the problem of ideological self-implication. In the final chapter I argue that Nietzsche's method of genealogy is compatible with ideology criticism and can complement such criticism, to overcome the problems that have been examined.
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Nafziger-Leis, Cheryl. "Art, even after Auschwitz, Adorno's critical theory of art, religion and ideology." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp02/NQ28025.pdf.
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Bellamy, Richard. "Modern Italian social theory : ideology and politics from Pareto to the present /." Stanford : Calif. : Stanford university press, 1987. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb34951175x.
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Foa, Torres Jorge. "About the capitalist revolution of the juridical. Lacanian left and critical theory of law." Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2016. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/115931.
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This article proposes an approach to contemporary transformations of the legal, from the articulation between critical theory of law and the Lacanian left. On the one hand, it is stated that in contemporary times, under the dominance of the capitalist discourse, the legal has undergone a metamorphosis that can be characterized as the passage from bourgeois legal form to the right to jouissance. On the other hand, this paper claims that the law of populism can become, as residue of that discourse that it fails to reabsorb, a device capable of producing cuts on the capitalist circuit. In this context, the capitalist revolution refers to the radical change in policies and institutions and legal forms that lacks an emancipatory orientation and, on the contrary, promotes the consolidation and deepening of its repetition and reproduction. In this sense, identification with the subversive can become a mean by which the law of populism is capable of promoting the production of memories of terrorism that reinstate the social antagonism as a way of extracting a truth from the capitalist discourse for the return-invention of the political in its hegemonic form.Este artículo propone un abordaje de las transformaciones contemporáneas de lo jurídico desde la articulación entre teoría crítica del derecho e izquierda lacaniana. Por un lado, se afirma que, en la época contemporánea bajo el predominio del discurso capitalista, lo jurídico ha sufrido una metamorfosis que podemos caracterizar como el paso de la forma jurídica burguesa al derecho al goce. Por otro lado, se sostiene que, en tal contexto, el derecho del populismo puede constituirse, en tanto residuo que aquel discurso falla en reabsorber, en un dispositivo susceptible de producir cortes al circuito capitalista. En este marco, la revolución capitalista refiere al cambio radical en instituciones y formas políticas y jurídicas que carece de una orientación emancipatoria y que, por el contrario, promueve la consolidación y profundización de su repetición y reproducción. En tal sentido, la identificación con lo subversivo puede constituirse en una vía por la cual el derecho del populismo sea capaz de promover la producción de memorias del terrorismo que reinstauren al antagonismo social como modo de sustraer una verdad al discurso capitalista para el retorno-invención de la política en su forma hegemónica.
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Carter, Adam Thomas Colenso. "Irony and ideology in Schlegel, De Man, and Rorty /." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape11/PQDD_0007/NQ42729.pdf.
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Singleton, Pamela. "Gender Ideology and Impressions Toward Opposite-Gendered Coworkers." ScholarWorks, 2020. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/7955.
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To achieve organizational effectiveness, leaders must examine what impacts productivity, such as workplace equality for women hindered to the point of exclusion and discrimination. The purpose of this correlational study was to determine if gender ideology, as the predictor variable, and male and female impressions toward an opposite-gendered coworker, as the criterion variable, predicts an individual's impressions toward an opposite-gendered coworker, in alignment with gender role theory. The Gender Role Ideology measure was used to assess perceptions about appropriate roles for men and women, and Coworker Resource Scale was used to assess the nature of coworker relationships among 203 middle- to upper-level managers. Data collection was conducted via Survey Monkey and SPSS was used to analyze the data. According to study results, there were no statistically significant correlations between the predictor and criterion variables. However, future research is warranted in relation to opposite-gendered coworkers and their gender ideologies. An in-depth examination of how gender ideologies relate to employee interaction has positive social change implications for workplace attitudes through improved employee cohesiveness as opposed to discrimination and exclusion. The proposed implications for positive social change from workplace attitude awareness include knowledge useful to employees in shifting their gender ideologies, increasing levels of employee interaction, and moving toward a more supportive and satisfactory existence in the workplace.
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Forster, Gary. "Fairytale theory and explorations of gender stereotypes in post-1970s Rapunzel adaptations." Thesis, De Montfort University, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2086/11423.
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Although Rapunzel criticism habitually concerns literary fairytales, this thesis contributes to the field a sustained examination of the feminist and patriarchal uses to which Rapunzel has been put, with close attention to the range of media, forms, and styles into which ‗Rapunzel‘ has been adapted, from 1970 onwards. It argues that each adaptation appropriates ‗Rapunzel‘ to repeat or disturb gender ideologies, and also extends or contracts the scope of the fairytale and its feminism. Underpinned by memetics, selective adaptation and fairytale theories, and Adrienne Rich‘s concept of ‗re-vision‘, individual chapters focus upon redrawing the boundaries of what makes a (feminist) Rapunzel adaptation a (feminist) Rapunzel adaptation. The thesis also examines the difficult question of why Rapunzel motifs or ‗memes‘ have persisted and whether this is due to the power of cultural ideologies or to certain universal human urges to which ‗Rapunzel‘ ostensibly appeals. As what is meant by feminism changes from the 1970s through to the present day, the selected works are considered in terms of terms of second- and third-wave feminism and postfeminism. Chapter 1 (the Introduction) establishes the approach and rationale. Chapter 2 examines the Grimm ‗Rapunzel‘ variants of 1812 and 1857 as a prelude to examining the ideological uses to which Rapunzel is put post-1970. Chapter 3 focuses on how four feminist poets subject the memes and morals of ‗Rapunzel‘ to different feminist revisions, and thereby challenge the patriarchal meanings invested by the Grimms. Chapter 4 extends this work by examining a feminist moral fable, two complex short stories, a psychological novella, and a graphic novel, in order to draw contrasts between celebratory and darker, more disturbing ‗post-fairytale‘ feminist Rapunzels. Demonstrating the many genres and media into which feminist Rapunzels have been translated, several adapters use the tale on behalf of various kinds of individualism and subjectivisation, and suggest a movement toward greater psychological complexity and interiority in their treatment of Rapunzel memes. Chapter 5 focuses on how Rapunzel memes translate to screen in the feminist reworking Rapunzel Let Down Your Hair (1978) and the postfeminist adaptations Barbie as Rapunzel (2002), Shrek the Third (2007), and Disney‘s Tangled (2010) and Into the Woods (2014). Chapter 6, the final chapter, further extends the analysis by examining Rapunzel‘s general prevalence in the cultural imagination, namely in adverts and on television. By assembling and giving fresh analyses of rare and well-known Rapunzel tales, the chapters critique the gender essentialism in fairytales and reinstate Rapunzel as key to fairytale debate. This research has led to the conclusion that post-1970s Rapunzels exemplify how fairytales appropriate or discard memes in accordance with the possibilities of genre and medium, as well as with the changing face of feminism over the last four decades.
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Bartlett, Djurdja. "Ideology and clothes : the rise and decline of socialist official fashion." Thesis, University of the Arts London, 2006. http://ualresearchonline.arts.ac.uk/7761/.
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This thesis focuses on the relationship between the socialist system and fashion in four countries: Croatia, Czechoslovakia, Hungary and the Soviet Union during seventy-two years of communist rule. From its beginning in 1917, the socialist system had an antagonistic relationship with fashion, which eventually turned into a grudging acceptance by the end of the 1980s. I identify two main types of sartorial official codes within socialism: utopian dress and socialist official fashion. I analyse these ideological constructs through the concepts of time, class, taste and gender. The symbolic production of utopian dress was informed by the initial Bolshevik rejection of the past and the search for a totally new type of clothes. Socialist official fashion reflected the regimes' ontological fear of change and discontinuity, and in the later phases of socialism their need to dress up their new middle classes in civilian clothes. The socialist regimes failed to invent a new socialist dress. Instead, they embraced the most traditional aesthetics in dress and the most conventional notion of gender. I demonstrate that similarities and differences in socialist official fashion were informed by ideological shifts within the master narratives in the respective countries. I conclude that the problematic relationship between socialism and fashion was caused by their ontological differences.
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Nikolaev, Roman, and Roman Nikolaev. "Varieties of Islamism: Differences in Political Party Ideology in Democracies." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/621747.
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This dissertation aims to understand how Islamist ideology differs across Islamist political parties in majority-Muslim countries. It asks why, despite drawing from the same religious source, the ideology of Islamist parties differs significantly and ranges from a wide spectrum, reaching from rigid conservative ideologies to flexible and even liberal. In order to address this question, the first step I pursue is to create a classification of different types of Islamism based on a spectrum of Islamist thought and behavior. I call the most literalist approach which aims at top-down Islamization Traditionalist Islamism, while the most flexible variety which argues for a bottom-up approach and relies on secular civil law is is labelled Neo-Islamism. Political parties that do not clearly fall under any of these categories and mix characteristics of both are grouped under the Hybrid Islamism category. I argue that if they could, all Islamist parties would moderate their ideology in order to achieve electoral success. However, both the position of the party vis-a-vis other parties in the system, and a high degree of dependence on an internal clique or an external movement create constraints and limitations which prevent parties from moderating their ideological profile. I find support for my argument by comparing five different Islamist parties in Indonesia. I further strengthen my case by introducing several hadow cases from Turkey, Malaysia and Tajikistan (under the authoritarian regime).
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Vernier, Richard. "Political economy and political ideology : the public debt in eighteenth-century Britain and America." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1993. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.358691.
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Parr, A. N. "The legal reasoning of the European Court of Justice : the role of principle policy and ideology." Thesis, University of Exeter, 1986. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.376404.
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Al, Ghannam Abdulaziz G. "IDEOLOGY IN MEDIA TRANSLATION: A CASE STUDY OF MEMRI's TRANSLATIONS." Kent State University / OhioLINK, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=kent1573219601907084.
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Olsson-Yaouzis, Nicolas. "Ideology, Rationality, and Revolution : An Essay on the Persistence of Oppression." Doctoral thesis, Stockholms universitet, Filosofiska institutionen, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-76372.
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This essay is concerned with two explanations of why oppressive social orders persist. According to the first, the so-called gunman theory of oppression (GT), these social orders persist because the oppressed are afraid being punished if they participated in a revolt. According to the second, the so-called ideology theory of oppression (IT), oppression persists because the oppressed are subject to ideology. Traditionally, the former has been associated with rational choice theory, and the latter with Marxism and critical theory. Analytical philosophers have been suspicious of IT since it involves functional claims. This essay shows that it is possible to make sense of both IT and its associated functional claim within the framework of rational choice theory. Chapter one provides an overview of the discussion and a presentation of the general argument against IT. Chapter two specifies the explanandum for the two theories in more detail. The chapter concludes with a description of three real-life persistent oppressive social orders. In chapter three, the basics of rational choice theory are introduced and GT spelled out. Some problems for the theory are identified and then dealt with. It is concluded that GT does a good job at explaining the persistence of tyrannies. Chapter four argues that ideology is necessary to provide satisfactory explanations of the other two cases of oppression described in chapter two. The chapter concludes with a specification of IT where the functional claim is made explicit. Chapter five defends Gerald Cohen's account of functional explanations against a dilemma formulated by Ann Cudd. In chapter six, three mechanisms are provided that indicate how the functional claim of IT can be demystified. Chapter seven concludes by indicating a statistical method for testing IT and describing some policy implications.EXPLANATIONS OF REPRESSION BY A MINORITY OF THE MAJORITY — A RESEARCH PROGRAM
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Ho, Wai-man, and 何偉文. "Ideology and economic reform: China's search for a new theory of Marxist political economy 1977-87." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1991. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31210296.
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Hill, Jane. "The discourse of inter-agency co-operation : towards a critical understanding of the theory and practice of child protection work." Thesis, Keele University, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.311128.
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Carreira, Cátia Abreu. "A composição partidária dos governos em Portugal e a política de segurança social no período 1976-2012." Master's thesis, Instituto Superior de Economia e Gestão, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/10602.
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Mestrado em Economia e Políticas PúblicasO principal objetivo desta dissertação consiste na análise da influência da ideologia partidária na política da Segurança Social em Portugal, validando-se assim, ou não, as hipóteses da Teoria Partidária. O estudo empírico baseia-se na análise da composição partidária dos governos portugueses e das alterações legislativas por estes realizadas no período 1983-2013. Os diplomas analisados são os referentes aos programas sociais de proteção à velhice e de proteção ao desemprego, sendo essa análise realizada tendo por referência a evolução dos principais indicadores económicos e financeiros. Os resultados não permitem afirmar, de forma clara e inequívoca, que tenha existido um efeito partidário sobre a política social em Portugal no período em análise.
The main goal of this essay is to analyze the influence of partisan ideology on Portuguese Social Security policy. The study is based on the party composition of the Portuguese governments and on the legislative changes introduced between 1983 and 2013. The analyzed legislation is relative to two different social programs, old age protection and unemployment protection, and the study includes the analysis of the main economic and financial indicators evolution. The results do not allow to affirm, clearly and unequivocally, that there has been a partisan influence on the Portuguese social policy in the studied time period.
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Huang, Jing. "Heteroglossia, ideology and identity in a Birmingham Chinese complementary school : a linguistic ethnography." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2016. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/6887/.
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This thesis presents a linguistic ethnographic case study on a large Chinese complementary school (CCS) in Birmingham, England. Guided by Bakhtin’s theory of heteroglossia, the study investigates multilingual practices of adult participants in and around the school, focusing on the changing constructions of language ideology, Chinese teachers’ professional identity and the ethnic identification of Chineseness. It documents the impact of globalisation on the shifting relations among Chinese varieties and English in the Chinese diaspora. The 10-month fieldwork for the study was conducted in 2013/14 academic year, with observations and interviews as dominant methods for data collection. Main findings are: (1) an ideological ecology including ‘separate bilingualism’, ‘translanguaging’, ‘a hegemony of Putonghua’, and ‘a preferred school-wide monolingualism’ is dynamically constructed in the school. ‘Language as pride’ and ‘Language as profit’ are simultaneously in play leading to the dynamic ecology; (2) Chinese teachers’ professional identities are shaped by the changing structure of Chinese diaspora, the shifting power balance among different Chinese varieties and English, and teachers’ own biographical trajectories of settlement into English society; (3) practices in CCS context reflect an evolving ethnic identification of diasporic Chineseness which ‘de-freezes’ from a cultural heritage affiliated purely with the past and the national homeland.
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Averill, Kenelm MacLeod. "A critical theory of popular ethno-nationalist ideology in the developed West, informed by Kleinian psychoanalytic concepts." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.434958.
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Bardin, Andrea. "Mechanicism as science and ideology : Hobbe's epistemological revolution in civil science." Thesis, Brunel University, 2015. http://bura.brunel.ac.uk/handle/2438/13800.
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In the seventeenth century a new science of motion emerged that later developed into what we call today classical mechanics. The epistemology of early modern mechanics was split between technical experimentation and mathematical formalisation. ‘Mechanicism’, Cartesianism in primis, was a philosophical project to both preserve the theoretical and technical efficacy of this science and integrate it into a new world picture. In this historical context mechanical philosophy therefore played a double role. On the one hand it was part of a revolutionary event opening new frontiers for materialist thought. On the other hand, as a world picture, it originated a new ideological framework for metaphysical dualism. This thesis uses this historical and philosophical background to radically reconsider the political theory of Thomas Hobbes. During the 1640s Hobbes’s scientia civilis progressively incorporated the dualistic epistemology of Descartes’s mechanicism into materialist philosophy by privileging one of the two structural features of modern science: the tendency towards ‘deduction’ rather than experimentation. This philosophical gesture, simultaneously epistemological and ideological, had considerable political consequences. For this reason Hobbes’s political theory will be read as an ideological response to the non-geometrical and non-mechanical functioning of ‘matter’, including ‘human matter’, evidenced by the threatening experimental practices carried on during the first half of the seventeenth century in both the Galilean science of nature and the English Civil War. My wider hypothesis is that this profoundly idealistic agenda still informs our understanding of nature and of the body politic. It reduces the open method of science to the outdated metaphysical picture of it provided by Descartes, and suffocates politics itself by neutralising the emergence of political conflict and experimentation, labelling them as not only inessential but also dangerous to the body politic. On the contrary, philosophical materialism invites us to understand the self-organising tendency of matter as an undeniable risk implicit in the functioning of all systems, the social system included.
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Milani, Tommaso M. "Debating Swedish : Language Politics and Ideology in Contemporary Sweden." Doctoral thesis, Stockholm : Centre for Research on Bilingualism, Stockholm university, 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-6831.
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Fransson, Johan. "Mellan identitet och ideologi : Hur Socialidentitetsteorin kan analysera muslimers förklaringar av radikaliseringsfaktorer." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Statsvetenskapliga institutionen, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-186459.
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Violent islamistic extremism has together with violent right-wing extremism been marked as the highest probable threat for potential terrorist attacks in Sweden. Research within violent extremism has shown a certain level of consensus around what factors drive radicalization. A consensus about theories or models that most adeptly explain its causation is however not prevalent within the academic community. This paper presents a model based on conclusions drawn from the Social Identity Theory (SIT) and will test this model's relevance by analyzing empirical data from interviews made with five practicing Muslims. The interviewees' attempts to explain factors of radicalization have been analyzed by being compartmentalized into an ideological- or identity-based continuum. Factors of radicalization able to be explained by the SIT-model have been categorized as identity-based explanations, whereas factors depending on knowledge, ideology, or religion have been categorized as ideology-based explanations. Most of the experienced factors could be explained by the SIT-model, while only some of two interviewees` experiences could be categorized as ideology-based. The significance of the empirical data from this research and its implications will be presented in the chapter of discussion along with previous research and its theoretical framework; recommendations for de-radicalization and continued research will be given at the end.
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Lee, Insoo. "A feminist interpretation of Korean gender ideology through the play "If you look for me, I won't be there"." Oxford, Ohio : Miami University, 2004. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=miami1082751903.
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Doškářová, Barbora. "Vliv ideologie vládního uskupení na strukturu státního rozpočtu ČR v letech 1993 - 2014." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2014. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-201972.
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This diploma thesis deals with analysis of revenues and expenditures of state budget in the Czech Republic and investigate whether in the Czech Republic since its formation apply traditional theories and opinions regarding state revenues and expenditures or there is already almost no differences between the traditional right- and left-wing policy and populist politics that is not based on ideological grounds plays the primary role. In the theoretical part there is presented the basic theory in the area of ideology as the basis for following analysis of Czech political scene and Public choice theory as the basis for an economic analysis of political decision-making. Subsequently, this section also explains the basic theoretical knowledge of the state budget and understanding budgetary policy from the perspective of two most important ideologies, right- and left-wing. In the analytical part certain data about revenues and expenditures of the state budget variables are analyzed using a two-tailed Wilcoxon test which tests the equality of the medians of the selection group. Diploma thesis confirmed that the erasure of differences between right- and left-wing in budgetary policy in the Czech Republic are insignificant and since its formation still hold traditional views and theories about state revenues and expenditures.
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Strand, Daniel. "No alternatives : The end of ideology in the 1950s and the post-political world of the 1990s." Doctoral thesis, Stockholms universitet, Institutionen för kultur och estetik, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-134040.
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In the 1950s, scholars in Europe and the United States announced the end of political ideology in the West. With the rise of affluent welfare states, they argued, ideological movements which sought to overthrow prevailing liberal democracy would disappear. While these arguments were questioned in the 1960s, similar ideas were presented after the fall of the Berlin Wall and the collapse of the Soviet Union. Scholars now claimed that the end of the Cold War meant the end of mankind’s “ideological development,” that globalization would undermine the left/right distinction and that politics would be shaped by cultural affiliations rather than ideological alignments. The purpose of No alternatives is to compare the end of ideology discussion of the 1950s with some of the post-Cold War theories launched at the time of, or in the years following, the fall of the Berlin Wall. Juxtaposing monographs, essays and papers between 1950 and 2000, the dissertation focuses on three aspects of these theories. First, it analyzes their concepts of history, demonstrating that they tended to portray the existing society as an order which had resolved the conflicts and antagonisms of earlier history. Second, the investigation scrutinizes the processes of post-politicization at work in these theories, showing how they sought to transcend, contain or externalize social conflict, and at times dismiss politics altogether. Third, it demonstrates how the theories can be understood as legitimizing or mobilizing narratives which aimed to defend Western liberal democracy and to rally its citizens against internal threats and external enemies. As the title of the dissertation implies, the end of ideology discussion of the 1950s and the post-Cold War theories of the 1990s sought to highlight the historical or political impossibility of any alternatives to the present society.
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Baker, Joseph O., and Alexis L. Booth. "Hell to Pay: Religion and Punitive Ideology Among the American Public." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2016. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/497.
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Historically, religious frameworks—particularly conceptions of evil—have been tied to attitudes about criminal behavior and its corresponding punishment, yet views of transcendent evil have not been explored in the empirical literature on religion and punitive ideology. We examine whether and how different aspects of religiosity shape punitive attitudes, using a national sample of Americans. For both general punitiveness and views of capital punishment, belief in the existence and power of transcendent religious evil (e.g. Satan and hell) is strongly associated with greater punitiveness, while higher levels of religious practice (service attendance, prayer, and reading sacred scriptures) reduces punitiveness. The effects of other aspects of religiosity on punitiveness such as self-identified fundamentalism, scriptural literalism, and images of God are rendered spurious by accounting for perceptions of evil. We discuss these findings in light of cultural and comparative approaches to penology, arguing for the inclusion of conceptions of the “transgressive” sacred in studies of, and theories about, penal populism.
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Abdul, Rahman Rafiduraida. "The theory and practice of couples managing two full-time careers in Malaysia." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2014. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/the-theory-and-practice-of-couples-managing-two-fulltime-careers-in-malaysia(d1df32a9-56c4-44e0-8e05-f4897aca4710).html.
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This thesis investigates the experiences of Malaysian dual-career couples combining career and family. Semi-structured qualitative interviews were used to collect data from 23 dual-career couples. The findings indicate that being in a dual-career relationship impacts upon how they perceive the family’s provider role; career priorities; how decisions are made; and how family work is divided. The experiences described by the participants reflect their gender role ideologies and the salience of family and work roles. The results also reveal how interaction between partners can shape their ideologies and role salience, in addition to how religious and cultural values influence their gender attitudes. A number of challenges faced by the couples are identified. The supports and strategies that help them cope with housework, childcare and work demands are also critiqued. The thesis also highlights the implications of the government and organization’s policies and support to the couples and the kind of policies and support that the couples would like to see introduced. The similarities and differences between dual-career couples in the Malaysian context compared with the West are explored. Additionally, the findings extend the use of gender role ideology and role salience theories to develop an understanding of the couples’ experiences. A summarizing framework of their experiences based on the analysis is presented. In summary, the thesis firstly fills a gap in the dual-career couples’ literature which has previously focused upon Western couples only. Secondly, the study has examines the utility of gender role ideology and role salience as a framework to understand the context of dual-career couples. Thirdly, the current research also makes an important methodological contribution in a Malaysian context. Finally, it provides some recommendations for the government and organizations in Malaysia in terms of policies that promote work-family balance and gender equality for dual-career women.
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CABALFIN, EDSON ROY GREGORIO. "ART DECO FILIPINO: POWER, POLITICS AND IDEOLOGY IN PHILIPPINE ART DECO ARCHITECTURES (1928-1941)." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2003. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1054760324.
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Matikainen, Oliver Albert. "Sustaining the One-Dimensional : An Ideology Critique of Agenda 2030 and the SDGs." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för geovetenskaper, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-385979.
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The project of sustainable development, as reflected in the Agenda 2030 and the UN 17 Sustainable Development Goals, plays a central role in the story of crisis and transformation today. Yet, this project has rarely been the object of ideology critique. This paper formulates an ideology critique as a form of immanent critique of the project of sustainable development with a basis in Herbert Marcuse’s one-dimensionality thesis. The analysis of the ideology of sustainable development is structured around the three-pillar conception of sustainability which is applied in the Agenda 2030. The transformative potential of the project of sustainable development is assessed on the background of the analysis. The transformative potential in each of the three pillars is found to be inhibited by the project of sustainable development and the paper identifies and explains the ideological mechanisms through which this inhibition takes place. The research suggests that the project of sustainable development cannot be seen as a transformative project.
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Nafissi, Mohammad. "Ancient Athens and modern ideology : value, theory and evidence in historical sciences : Max Weber, Karl Polanyi and Moses Finley /." London : Institute of classical studies, School of advanced study, 2005. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb39219987q.
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Bailes, J. R. "Consciousness and the limits of social conformity : a theory of ideology through the works of Marcuse, Jameson and Žižek." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2017. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1546585/.
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This thesis constructs a theory of ideology that outlines various ways individuals internalise conditions in advanced consumer capitalist societies. It defines a concept of ideology and an approach to analysing ideological rationalisation, and identifies currently prevalent ideologies in terms of beliefs, levels of social awareness, and contradictions. These aims are achieved via critical examination of existing ideology theories, in particular those of Herbert Marcuse, Fredric Jameson, and Slavoj Žižek. Specifically, we analyse their dialectical and psychoanalytic conceptions of subjectivity, or approaches to ideology that emphasise both its necessity and partiality, and thus imply a certain inherent potential for transformation. We also affirm their notions of society as an incomplete totality, whose consumerist pluralism is based around some repressed or excluded element, and the idea that ideology theory should identify with that element to gain a wider social perspective. However, our ideology theory does not focus as fully as theirs on the unconscious, or ideology as a libidinal attachment to existing social relations that is identifiable through behaviour, rather than consciously articulated ideas. While we accept a concept of libidinal attachment, we equally emphasise the role that consciously rationalised beliefs and values play in sustaining it by justifying behaviour. We understand that conscious rationalisation is not merely a secondary effect of attachment, because it becomes a necessary support in all ideologies that can affect attachment itself if sufficiently challenged. This notion enables us to consider the limits of specific ideologies, and their conditional relations to dominant power structures, that many ideology theories understate. It also has repercussions for the radical political possibilities that Marcuse, Jameson and Žižek analyse, in that, while we accept many of the obstacles that face notions of political change in today’s consumer capitalist societies, our theory implies more direct ways in which alternative ideas can challenge dominant social relations by confronting contradictions in affirmative ideologies.
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Crocco, Fábio Luiz Tezini. "Capitalismo tardio e ideologia : transformação qualitativa das formas de controle /." Marília : [s.n.], 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/91792.
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Orientador: Sinésio Ferraz BuenoBanca: Renato Bueno Franco.
Banca: Robespierre de Oliveira
Resumo: Este trabalho pretende analisar aspectos específicos da transformação da ideologia, elaborada inicialmente por Karl Marx em relação à abordagem promovida posteriormente no século XX pela Teoria Crítica. O trabalho está dividido em dois momentos, inicialmente analisamos a fundamentação e elaboração do conceito de ideologia na teoria marxiana. Procuramos analisar conjuntamente os principais pensamentos que influenciaram a teoria de Marx a fim de mergulharmos em suas reflexões sobre a ideologia. A ideologia é central em toda sua obra e possui várias implicações conceituais. Durante sua vida e produção, Marx abordou este conceito de formas distintas, provocando, em seu percurso teórico, diferentes leituras. A primeira parte será destinada ao estudo da concepção marxista tradicional sobre o conceito de ideologia e, posteriormente, sua elaboração na teoria da reificação de Lukács, em que são aprofundados certos questionamentos da teoria marxiana e possibilitadas novas abordagens da realidade social. O segundo momento deste trabalho consiste na elaboração e análise do conceito de ideologia para a Teoria Crítica, representada aqui por Horkheimer Adorno e Marcuse. A constituição e o desenvolvimento do conceito na Teoria Crítica caracterizam-se por um aspecto de extrema complexidade e heterogeneidade. Inseridos no Instituto de Pesquisa Social, o estudo destes teóricos podem ser abordados singularmente, mesmo que muitos trabalhos realizados tenham nascido de parcerias e de preocupações a partir de uma mesma problemática. A ideologia era enfocada num primeiro momento, em seu aspecto marxista tradicional como esfera da dissimulação da dominação, graças ao encobrimento da materialidade. Diferentemente, no segundo momento do trabalho, analisado aqui através dos teóricos frankfurtianos, a ideologia passou a ser abordada de acordo com parâmetros qualitativamente... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Abstract: The present study intends to investigate specific aspects of the ideology concept transformation elaborated initially by Karl Marx in relation to the approach promoted later in 20th century by Critical Theory. This study is divided into two moments and initially we analyzed the principles and elaboration of the ideology concept within Marxist theory. We investigated the main thoughts that influenced Marx's theory in order to go deeper in his specific analyses on the ideology concept. The theory of the ideology is central in all his work and holds several conceptual implications. During his life and production, Marx approached this concept in different ways, provoking, in his theoretical course, different readings. The first part will be destined to the study of the traditional Marxist conception on the ideology concept and, later, its elaboration in the theory of reification of Lukács. Certain discussions of Marxinian theory will be deepened and new approaches of social reality will be possible. The second moment of this study consists of the elaboration and analysis of the ideology concept for the Critical Theory, here represented by Horkheimer, Adorno and Marcuse. The constitution and the development of the concept in Critical Theory are characterized by an aspect of extreme complexity and heterogeneity. Placed at the Institute of Social Research, the study of these theoretical researchers can be approached singularly, even if many accomplished works have been born from partnerships and from apprehensions starting from a same problem. The ideology was focused in a first moment, in its traditional Marxist aspect as sphere of the dominance dissimulation, credited to the covering of the materiality. Differently, in the second moment of this study, investigated here through the Frankfurtians, the ideology started to be approached according to different qualitative... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Mestre
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Aleassa, Hasan M. "Investigating Consumers' Software Piracy Using An Extended Theory Of Reasoned Action." OpenSIUC, 2009. https://opensiuc.lib.siu.edu/dissertations/37.
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Software piracy, the illegal and unauthorized duplication, sale, or distribution of software, is a widespread and costly phenomenon. According to the Business Software Alliance, more than one third of the PC software packages installed worldwide in 2006 were unauthorized copies. This behavior costs the software industry billions of lost dollars in revenue annually. Software piracy behavior has been investigated for more than thirty years. However, there are two voids in the literature: lack of studies in Non-Western countries and scarcity of process studies. As such, this study contributes to the literature by developing a software piracy model to understand the decision making process that underlies this illegal behavior among Jordanian university students. Based on a literature review in various disciplines, including social psychology, psychology, and criminology, several important variables have been incorporated into the proposed model. The model was tested using data collected from a sample of 323 undergraduate business students. The resulting data was analyzed by two main statistical techniques, structural equation modeling (SEM) and hierarchical multiple regression. The results indicated that the model was useful in predicting students' intention to pirate software. Seven out of eight hypotheses were supported. Consistent with The Theory of Reasoned Action, attitudes toward software piracy and subjective norms were significant predictors of intention to pirate software. However, our findings are inconsistent with previous studies with regard to the relative importance of attitude and subjective norms; subjective norms had a stronger effect. Also, the results suggested that ethical ideology, public self-consciousness, and low self-control moderated the effect of these variables on intention to pirate software. Lastly, the results indicated that the effect of subjective norms on afintention to pirate software was both direct and indirect through attitudes. The results have important practical implications for the software industry and governments to curtail software piracy. Limitations of the study and recommendations for future studies are discussed as well.
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Spiker, Russell L. Jr. "From My Living Room to Yours: A Grounded Theory Typology of Racial Discussions on YouTube." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1352993609.
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Linner, Sonja, and Helena Månsson. "Har jämställdhet i hemmet ett samband med planer på att utöka familjen? : En kvantitativ studie." Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Sociologiska institutionen, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-128264.
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Studiens syfte var att undersöka om en jämställd fördelning av hushållssysslor och omsorg om barn påverkar föräldrars planer på att utöka familjen, samt hur värderingar angående jämställdhet samspelar med beteende gällande arbetsfördelning. I många europeiska länder är fertiliteten låg vilket kopplas till att kvinnors roller har förändrats under senare decennier. Andelen kvinnor i högre utbildning samt i förvärvsarbete har ökat, medan kvinnorna fortsätter att ta majoriteten av ansvaret för hem och barn. I Sverige är andelen förvärvsarbetande kvinnor hög samtidigt som även barnafödandet är relativt högt. Svensk familjepolitik har sedan 1960-talet skapat förutsättningar för jämställdhet och givit föräldrar konkreta möjligheter att dela lika på omsorgen om barn. Studiens teoretiska ramverk bygger på tre perspektiv. Gender equity theory utgår från att obalansen mellan graden av jämställdhet i samhället respektive inom familjen bidrar till lägre barnafödande. Gender revolution perspektivet vidareutvecklar detta och menar att ett ökat barnafödande är kopplat till att männen deltar aktivt i omsorg om barn och hem. Gender ideology perspektivet undersöker samspelet mellan värderingar och beteende, och hur detta har en betydelse för hur man upplever sin situation. Data är inhämtat från Generations and Gender Survey, och urvalet består av kvinnor och män som är 25-44 år, som lever i parförhållande och har ett eller två barn. Studiens beroende variabel är “barnplaner”, förklaringsvariabler är fördelning av omsorg om barn och hushållssysslor, samt variabler om jämställda attityder avseende mammors och pappors arbete, och materialet analyserades med hjälp av logistisk regression. Resultaten visade ett positivt samband mellan jämställd fördelning av omsorg om barn och planer på att utöka familjen, som dock endast var signifikant när interaktionen mellan värderingar och arbetsfördelning inkluderas i modellerna. Högst benägenhet att vilja utöka familjen har de individer som jämställt delar på omsorgen om barnen, men som har traditionella värderingar angående mammors arbete.
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McDonald, William James Charles. "The ideology of managers in the management of employees in small and medium sized enterprises in Australia." University of Southern Queensland, Faculty of Business, 2005. http://eprints.usq.edu.au/archive/00001470/.
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Alan Fox's unitarist ideology provided a useful categorisation of managerial perspectives on managing employees and the nature of organisation. However, it was an intuitive framework, developed as part of a reformist argument for a pluralist system of industrial relations. It was not based on a systematic, empirical study of managers and, while applied to research, there has been little testing of the construct. The primary research question addressed in this thesis is whether managers in contemporary SMEs exhibit unitarist characteristics. A number of subsidiary questions follow. The first set explores managers' attitudes towards managerial prerogative, conflict, collective workplace relations and trade unions. Analysis of the data produced 11 unitarist dimensions. The second addresses whether organisational and personal characteristics and managers' perceptions of the limitations on management are significant for SME managers' ideological frameworks. The third identifies whether consultative, participative and collective practices are employed in work organisations. The definition of managerial ideology, including both managers' beliefs and values and also their workplace behaviour and practices, led to testing the relationship between the unitarist dimensions and managerial practice, and managers' satisfaction with employees. Finally, the thesis investigated whether there were any significant links between managerial practices and managers' satisfaction with employee performance. The methodology included a mail survey of SME managers in Eastern Australia with 206 respondents, and an interview programme of 20 SME managers in Brisbane, Queensland. The significant findings of this research are, first, that consultative or participative managerial practices do not necessarily reflect a pluralist ideology or orientation. SME managers limit the scope of decisions for involving employees, and usually shopfloor employees, utilising practices that do not compromise managerial power or managerial prerogative. Second, organisational and personal characteristics are relatively unimportant contextual variables in management behaviour in SMEs, unless it was described as a family business. Third, this thesis provides an alternative to the conclusions of some industrial relations scholars that managers employ a mix of unitarist and pluralist strategies. The adoption of apparently pluralist management practices in consultation and employee participation are revealed in this research as being predominantly non-threatening to managerial prerogative and organisational power structures in workplaces in terms of who is involved or excluded, and about what matters employees are consulted or involved. The overall results of managers' attitudes to collective workplace arrangements and trade unions confirm a general unitarist orientation in Australian SMEs. Fourth, the evidence does not suggest any clear binding of values and beliefs with managerial behaviour. Underpinning normative perspectives on management is an underlying commitment to protecting managers' power in the work organisation. It is this fundamental political commitment that both guides and constrains strategic choice in managing employees in SMEs. Unitarist ideology is thus central to the norms of management, and goes to the core of managerial prerogative. Finally, the results indicated that SME managers in the study usually did not demonstrate strong attachments to their views on the issues presented to them.
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Söderström, Åsa. "”Att göra sina uppgifter, vara tyst och lämna in i tid” : Om elevansvar i det högmoderna samhället." Doctoral thesis, Karlstad University, Faculty of Arts and Education, 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-788.
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The aim of this thesis is to describe and analyse pupils’ and teachers’ views on pupils’ responsibility for their schoolwork and how this relates to a more comprehensive ideology of school and today’s high modern society. The analysis is inspired by Anthony Giddens’ structuration theory and the concepts of discursive consciousness, practical consciousness, rules, routines and resources.
At school level pupils’ and teachers’ views of pupils’ responsibility is shown in their practical and discursive consciousness. To capture this consciousness, observations were made during fifteen lessons in school year 9 (15-16 years of age). These lessons - “study times” - were introduced to increase freedom of choice, flexibility and responsibility. Sixty-eight pupils and twenty-two teachers were interviewed. The ideology expressed in pupils’ and teachers’ views on pupils’ responsibility was related to the official school ideology expressed in the national curriculum. Finally, an analysis was carried out inspired by Anthony Giddens’ and Ulrich Beck´s concepts used in their descriptions of the high modern society, individualism and value-relativism.
The results showed a discursive consensus between teachers and pupils concerning their views pupils’ responsibility for their schoolwork. The meaning of responsibility was taken for granted and implied doing the school tasks and to complete them in time. Both teachers and pupils expressed that many pupils’ have difficulties in taking this responsibility. A discrepancy between the pupils’ discursive and practical consciousness was found.
Rules and routines were created by the teachers to control the freedom of space offered during the “study times”. The pupils legitimated the teachers’ controlling function but in practice they offer resistance against the demand for responsibility.
The overall analysis identified three issues that are important for further discussions in research and educational practice. Responsibility and learning: Responsibility was observed as a part of a “culture of doing” separated from learning as such. Also, responsibility was linked to individual work. The freedom offered during the “study times” was used by both pupils, and teachers, to build relationships. This means that relationships were not created through work but rather despite it. Responsibility and the view of the pupils’: In pupils’ and teachers’ view of responsibility pupils were easy going, ruled by lust and/or responsible but not always according to the conditions stipulated by the school. The pupils were offered a freedom to choose but they were also held responsible for the consequences. While they could make the choice not to work, this would influence the evaluation of the achievements, and in reality make it a “non-choice”. The freedom was limited and conditioned. Responsibility as a democratic principle: The connection between responsibility and pupil participation expressed in the national curriculum was not to be found in pupils’ and teachers’ views of responsibility. While the pupils were offered participation in relation to which assignments to choose to work with during the “study times”. They were not invited to shape the rules and the routines for the schoolwork or to have influence on the contents of the work or the working environment. The pupils’ did not ask for more participation, but rather feared it would lead to chaos. The separation between participation and responsibility indicated in the study is suggested to weaken the idea of responsibility as one of the democratic principles.
In conclusion: The view of pupils’ responsibility for their schoolwork was built upon an individualistic ideology. known from Giddens and Becks description of high modernity. In contrast to their description, however my results show no signs of value-relativism
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Crocco, Fábio Luiz Tezini [UNESP]. "Capitalismo tardio e ideologia: transformação qualitativa das formas de controle." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/91792.
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Este trabalho pretende analisar aspectos específicos da transformação da ideologia, elaborada inicialmente por Karl Marx em relação à abordagem promovida posteriormente no século XX pela Teoria Crítica. O trabalho está dividido em dois momentos, inicialmente analisamos a fundamentação e elaboração do conceito de ideologia na teoria marxiana. Procuramos analisar conjuntamente os principais pensamentos que influenciaram a teoria de Marx a fim de mergulharmos em suas reflexões sobre a ideologia. A ideologia é central em toda sua obra e possui várias implicações conceituais. Durante sua vida e produção, Marx abordou este conceito de formas distintas, provocando, em seu percurso teórico, diferentes leituras. A primeira parte será destinada ao estudo da concepção marxista tradicional sobre o conceito de ideologia e, posteriormente, sua elaboração na teoria da reificação de Lukács, em que são aprofundados certos questionamentos da teoria marxiana e possibilitadas novas abordagens da realidade social. O segundo momento deste trabalho consiste na elaboração e análise do conceito de ideologia para a Teoria Crítica, representada aqui por Horkheimer Adorno e Marcuse. A constituição e o desenvolvimento do conceito na Teoria Crítica caracterizam-se por um aspecto de extrema complexidade e heterogeneidade. Inseridos no Instituto de Pesquisa Social, o estudo destes teóricos podem ser abordados singularmente, mesmo que muitos trabalhos realizados tenham nascido de parcerias e de preocupações a partir de uma mesma problemática. A ideologia era enfocada num primeiro momento, em seu aspecto marxista tradicional como esfera da dissimulação da dominação, graças ao encobrimento da materialidade. Diferentemente, no segundo momento do trabalho, analisado aqui através dos teóricos frankfurtianos, a ideologia passou a ser abordada de acordo com parâmetros qualitativamente...
The present study intends to investigate specific aspects of the ideology concept transformation elaborated initially by Karl Marx in relation to the approach promoted later in 20th century by Critical Theory. This study is divided into two moments and initially we analyzed the principles and elaboration of the ideology concept within Marxist theory. We investigated the main thoughts that influenced Marx’s theory in order to go deeper in his specific analyses on the ideology concept. The theory of the ideology is central in all his work and holds several conceptual implications. During his life and production, Marx approached this concept in different ways, provoking, in his theoretical course, different readings. The first part will be destined to the study of the traditional Marxist conception on the ideology concept and, later, its elaboration in the theory of reification of Lukács. Certain discussions of Marxinian theory will be deepened and new approaches of social reality will be possible. The second moment of this study consists of the elaboration and analysis of the ideology concept for the Critical Theory, here represented by Horkheimer, Adorno and Marcuse. The constitution and the development of the concept in Critical Theory are characterized by an aspect of extreme complexity and heterogeneity. Placed at the Institute of Social Research, the study of these theoretical researchers can be approached singularly, even if many accomplished works have been born from partnerships and from apprehensions starting from a same problem. The ideology was focused in a first moment, in its traditional Marxist aspect as sphere of the dominance dissimulation, credited to the covering of the materiality. Differently, in the second moment of this study, investigated here through the Frankfurtians, the ideology started to be approached according to different qualitative... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
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Cabaj, Stacey. "THE ELIZA-HIGGINS MODEL: THE IDEOLOGY, RAPPORT AND METHODS OF DIALECT ACQUISITION." VCU Scholars Compass, 2012. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/318.
Full textAbstract:
George Bernard Shaw’s Pygmalion (1912) and its musical adaptation, My Fair Lady (1956) offer 20th century’s most famous example of dialect acquisition: the transformation of Eliza Doolittle under the tutelage of Professor Henry Higgins. The opportunity to work on Barksdale Theatre’s production of My Fair Lady (2012), both as the actress playing Eliza Doolittle and as a dialect coach for the production, prompted an analysis of the dialect pedagogy of Henry Higgins. The centenary of Pygmalion is also a prime juncture to document, in contrast or complement to Higgins’ model, contemporary theories and techniques of dialect pedagogy. Chapter one of this thesis explores the ideology of dialect acquisition, addressing the issues of dialect prestige and standard speech. Chapter two examines the rapport between teacher/coach and learner/actor, including a comparison of teacher-centered and learner-centered pedagogies and the influence of expectancy theories on learner growth. Chapter three details the methods of dialect acquisition, addresses language learning theories as applied to dialect learning, and offers practical exercises and techniques. The conclusion outlines areas of future consideration to enhance the dialect acquisition process in the classroom and rehearsal hall.
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Uran, Chad Scott. "The aesthetics and politics of Ojibwe language revitalization." Diss., University of Iowa, 2012. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/1780.
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This is an investigation into language ideologies, and the significance of same, among activists working to revitalize the Ojibwe language. Better inclusion of indigenous community members is necessary to spread the Ojibwe language. Improved competence in using--and strategically chging--language ideologies is necessary by language activists. Matters of orthography, storytelling, Elder status, state institutionalization, indigenous leadership, and decolonization reveal underlying ideologies of language, any of which can help or hinder efforts to reverse language shift. This is shown through participant observation in and around an Ojibwe language immersion school in Wisconsin.