Journal articles on the topic 'Theory of History 17th century'
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Kuzmina, Marina D. "“Alphabet Scribe” in the History of Russian Literature." Philology 19, no. 9 (2020): 87–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.25205/1818-7919-2020-19-9-87-101.
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The article is dedicated to the study of the most significant and popular Old Russian scribe – “Alphabetical”, written in the late 16th – early 17th century according to researchers. The assumption is made that it was replenished and adjusted over several decades, quickly responding to the demands of the times and reflecting the main processes that took place in Russian literature of the 16th and especially the 17th century. The scribe reflected the central feature of this period: the interaction of the traditional and the new, with an emphasis on the new. It demonstrates such new aspects of Russian literature of the 17th century as secularization, democratization, fiction, and individualization. It is rather telling that the vast majority of sample messages are private letters written for relatives and friends. Particularly noteworthy are the samples of ‘anti-friendly’ letters, some of which are parodies of friendly letters. They make up an organic part of the 17th century parodies, namely such satirical texts as Kalyazinsky Petition, The Dowry Document, The Tale of Ersh Ershovich, The Service of the Tavern. As it is known, parodies play a crucial role in the turning periods of literary development, which was the 17th century. In this era, first of all, the most stable and therefore most recognizable genres were parodied: business (petitions, dowry, court documents, etc.) and church (hagiographies, prayers, akathists, church services, etc.) writing. Quite noteworthy is the appearance along with these parodies of the parody of the epistolary genre, indicating that it had fully developed, and occupied a proper place in the system of literature genres, and was unmistakably recognized by authors and readers. Moreover, a new, ‘secular’ version had developed and was recognized: friendly letters, which were by no means educational, unlike those popular in Ancient Russian literature of previous centuries.
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Сорокина, Т. Б. "Freethinking of the 17th Century: Edward Herbert’s Philosophy." Диалог со временем, no. 79(79) (August 20, 2022): 47–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.21267/aquilo.2022.79.79.002.
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В работе характеризуются взгляды Эдварда Герберта – английского философа, политика и общественного деятеля первой половины XVII в. Автор анализирует основные положения философской системы Э. Герберта, отмечая логическую связь между теорией познания и философией религии. Показано, что гносеологический объективизм Герберта явился основанием для его деистических идей, главной из которых стала идея «естественной религии». Автор считает заслугой Герберта попытку обосновать объективные основы и критерии познания, соединить его когнитивные и ценностные начала, подчеркнуть системное взаимодействие всех элементов. In the work are characterized by philosophical views of Edward Herbert – English philosopher, politician and public figure of the first half of the 17th century. The author of the article analyzes the basic provisions of the philosophical system of E. Herbert, noting the logical connection between the theory of cognition and the philosophy of religion. It is shown that Herbert's epistemological objectivism was the basis for his deistic ideas, the main of which was the idea of "natural religion". The author considers Herbert's merit to try to substantiate objective basics and criteria of cognition, to combine his cognitive and value principles, to emphasize the systemic interaction of all elements.
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Cho, Byounghak, Sung Hoon Jeh, and Kisun Kim. "17th-Century Manchu (Qing) records as sources of Mongolian history*." Acta Orientalia Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae 68, no. 4 (December 2015): 415–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/062.2015.68.4.3.
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Chambert-Loir, Henri. "Islamic Law in 17th Century Aceh." Archipel, no. 94 (December 6, 2017): 51–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.4000/archipel.444.
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Metan, Saskia. "Editorische Verflechtungen." Zeitschrift für Slawistik 64, no. 4 (October 30, 2019): 507–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/slaw-2019-0029.
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Summary Among the various descriptions of „Sarmatia“ which have been printed in the 16th century, the works of Maciej z Miechowa, Marcin Kromer and Alessandro Guagnini possessed the largest distribution: Published between 1517 and 1578, their works – containing information about the geography, history and population of the eastern part of the European continent – were reprinted and translated several times at several places until the middle of the 17th century. With a focus on paratexts and metatextual comments, the present article considers the entangled history of their editions in the 16th and 17th century and deduces receptions of these texts.
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Dibbets, Geert R. W. "Dutch philology in the 16th and 17th century." Historiographia Linguistica 15, no. 1-2 (January 1, 1988): 39–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/hl.15.1-2.04dib.
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Summary Within a hundred years the first Dutch vernacular orthographies and grammars were published in the Netherlands, as contributions to the cultivation of the language. In a number of these books the authors assumed the independence of the several Dutch dialects; in other publications we find the tendency towards a cultivated language, or we see that the authors started from the existence of a Refined Standard Dutch. However that may be the orthographists and grammarians aimed at the cultivation of written and spoken Dutch. Generally the grammarians did not pay much attention to two traditional areas of the grammar: orthographia and prosodia, but the etymologia was stressed: the theory of the parts of speech, and – to a lesser degree – the syntaxis. The influence of Latin grammar on Dutch was enormous, but could not prevent particularly van Heule (1633) and Leupenius (1653) from following their own course, for the most part within the traditional framework. In doing so the grammarians based themselves on the language usage, in which the nature of the language was given a concrete form.
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Jokubaitis, Linas. "The Transformation of Scientific Political Philosophy into a Speculative Philosophy of History." Problemos 97 (April 21, 2020): 24–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.15388/problemos.97.2.
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The paper presents an analysis of the three stages of the development of political philosophy since the 17th century. The rise of modern political theory was marked by attempts to develop a philosophy along the lines of natural sciences. These attempts lead to the development of highly speculative and abstract doctrines; political philosophy ceased being a practical discipline. The paper argues that an important aspect of the traditionalist political thought of the 18th century was an attempt to reestablish the link between theory and practice. In the 19th century, the interest in history was supplemented with new premises about the historical process. Political philosophy, which strived to become scientific, became highly dependent on the premises of various philosophies of history.
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Wiersma, Lisa. "‘Colouring’ — Material Depiction in Flemish and Dutch Baroque Art Theory." Art and Perception 8, no. 3-4 (October 28, 2020): 243–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22134913-bja10005.
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Seventeenth-century painters were masters at painting objects and beings that seem tangible. Most elaborate was painting translucent materials like skins and pulp: human flesh and grapes, for instance, require various surface effects and suggest the presence of mass below the upper layers. Thus, the viewer is more or less convinced that a volume or object is present in an illusionary space. In Dutch, the word ‘stofuitdrukking’ is used: expression or indication of material, perhaps better understood as rendering of material. In English, ‘material depiction’ probably captures this painterly means best: it includes rendering of surface effects, while revealing the underlying substance, and it implies that weight and mass are suggested. Simple strokes of paint add up to materials and things that are convincingly percieved. At first glance, material depiction hardly seems a topic in early-modern art theory, yet 17th-century painters are virtually unequalled as regards this elaborate skill. Therefore, 17th-century written sources were studied to define how these might discuss material depiction, if not distinctly. This study concerns one of many questions regarding the incredible convincingness of 17th-century material depiction: besides wondering why the illusions work (Di Cicco et al., this issue) and how these were achieved (Wiersma, in press), the question should be asked why this convincingness was sought after. Was it mere display of ability and skill? And how was material depiction perceived, valued and enjoyed? First, contemporary terminology is determined: the seemingly generic term ‘colouring’ signified the application of convincing material depiction especially — which is not as self-evident as it sounds. Second, and extensively, the reader will find that convincing or appealing material depiction was considered a reference to religion and natural philosophy.
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Sulistiono, Budi. "THE HISTORY OF TRADE OF THE NUSANTARA IN THE 17th CENTURY." Khazanah: Jurnal Sejarah dan Kebudayaan Islam 11, no. 2 (December 16, 2021): 157–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.15548/khazanah.v11i2.656.
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The increasingly significant influence of Islam in the Archipelago was marked by the establishment of a number of sultanates. It is time for the existence of the sultanate to be interpreted as evidence of political power. The track of Islam in the Archipelago, political power was achieved after great successes in building ECONOMIC POWER, EDUCATION, CULTURAL-INTELLECTUAL NETWORKS. Therefore, the track of Islam in the Archipelago, is not an event that is considered strange. Until the 17th century AD, there were even a number of sultanates on the islands of Java, Kalimantan, Sulawesi, Maluku. The spread of the existence of a number of these sultanates in a relay as evidence of the results of the exemplary performances of a number of sultanates that had existed before. May we all never forget the existence of the Sultanate of Jeumpa (± 776 AD-880 AD), Peureulak (standing ± 840 AD), Samudera Pasai (± 1267 AD), Demak (1468 AD), Aceh Darussalam (1496 AD), Ternate (Maluku). ) rulers converted to Islam in 1460, Cirebon (founded 1479 AD), Banten (1526 AD), Banjar (founded 1520 AD). From the coast of Aceh-Malacca-Sumatra, Islam then spread in various directions east to areas on the north coast of Java such as Surabaya, Gresik, Tuban, then continued eastward to areas of Kalimantan, Sulawesi, Ternate and Tidore in the Maluku islands, Papua, Nusa Tenggara, Bali. The approach used in this paper is a historical approach by utilizing study materials from historical literature. In compiling historical facts, guided by logical arrangement of frameworks in chronological order. The conclusion is that, thanks to the wealth and social forces empowered by Muslim communities in various places in the Archipelago, they can play political roles in political entities as evidenced by the birth of a number of Sultanates. This historical fact, at least strengthens Anthony Reid's theory, that the maritime economy is an indicator of maritime trade that unites trade routes with the formation of port cities as international trade routes.
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Abu-Manneh, Butrus. "TRANSFORMATIONS OF THE NAQSHBANDIYYA, 17TH-20TH CENTURY: INTRODUCTION." Die Welt des Islams 43, no. 3 (2003): 303–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/157006003322682627.
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Vagle, Wenche. "Rhetoric as a methodological basis for 17th-century linguistics." Historiographia Linguistica 17, no. 3 (January 1, 1990): 293–308. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/hl.17.3.03vag.
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Summary The purpose of this paper is to throw light on the role of rhetoric as a methodological basis for 17th-century linguistics through a Danish case study. After a presentation of the Danish grammarian Peder Syv (16311702) and the main ideas of his text Nogle Betenkninger om det Cimbriske Sprog (Some Reflections on the Cimbric Language), of 1663, a brief characterization of the rhetorical tradition is given with special emphasis on invention and its topical method of inquiry. Through an analysis of the argumentation in Syv’s text it is found that the author employs topic inquiry as his fundamental method of investigation, and that his line of argument relies on rhetorical evidence of all three kinds: ethos, pathos, and logos. In conclusion, it is suggested that the sociological theory of rationalization offers an explanation as to why we as modern readers have difficulties appreciating the rhetorical method.
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Jakovljevic, Branislav. "Wooster Baroque." TDR/The Drama Review 54, no. 3 (September 2010): 87–122. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/dram_a_00006.
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In the decade following 9/11, the Wooster Group staged three landmark 17th-century plays, Phaedra, Hamlet, and La Didone. This turn to baroque theatre is both a comment on American culture of the first decade of the 21st century and a significant departure in the history of the group itself.
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Kardel, Troels. "Willis and steno on muscles: Rediscovery of a 17th‐century biological theory*." Journal of the History of the Neurosciences 5, no. 2 (June 1996): 100–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09647049609525657.
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Werle, Dirk. "Lebenszeit und Weltzeit in epischen Versdichtungen der frühen Neuzeit." Daphnis 49, no. 4 (October 12, 2021): 641–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18796583-12340034.
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Abstract This article starts from Achim Landwehr’s thesis that the present is an invention of the 17th century, and that this is reflected not least in developments in contemporary narrative literature. It analyzes the narrative representation of the relationship between life-time and world-time (Lebenszeit und Weltzeit) in the epic poem Achilles Germanorvm, published anonymously in 1632, in which the contemporary events of the Thirty Years War are interpreted allegorically in the light of the Trojan War. It is shown that the present in the epic is not emphatically asserted as present, but presented as part of a model of time operating with the factors of repetition, recurrence, and mythical meaningfulness. World-time (Weltzeit) appears in the epic as structured by repetition and recurrence, and the role of the single individual is also embedded in this model. Landwehr’s account, however, needs to be corrected to the effect that, contrary to what he insinuates, such interpretations of the present did exist at all in the genre of epic verse in the 17th century and that the epic genre had not at all become outmoded at that period. They are highly relevant for understanding a history of the telling of time in the 17th century.
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Tindemans, Klaas. "The Politics of the Poetics: Aristotle and Drama Theory in 17th Century France." Foundations of Science 13, no. 3-4 (July 10, 2008): 325–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10699-008-9131-1.
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Hüllen, Werner. "Johann Joachim Becher (1635–1682), a little known opponent of Comenius’ Theory of Language and Language Learning." Historiographia Linguistica 23, no. 1-2 (January 1, 1996): 73–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/hl.23.1-2.04hul.
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Summary Concerning the methods of language teaching, Johann Joachim Becher (1635–1682), one of the encyclopedic philosophers of the 17th century, stood in opposition to Jan Amos Comenius (1592–1670), the pedagogue of Europewide influence. He published Methodus didactica (1668) and Novum organon (1672), the latter being a universal nomenclator as they were popular in the 17th century. This nomenclator is organised according to Aristotelian categories which Becher saw expressed in word-classes. It assembles groups of synonyms in Latin and German under headwords which were taken as the simple notions, i.e., the building-blocks, of the human mind. Becher demanded didactic principles to be developed out of these linguistic assumptions. Whereas Comenius shaped his teaching methods according to the situational learning abilities of the individual, Becher regarded them as being dominated by the structures of language seen as structures of the mind, thus foreshadowing Cartesian thinking.
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Rescia, Laura. "Joseph Harris, Hidden Agendas: Cross-Dressing in 17th- Century France." Studi Francesi, no. 148 (XLX | I) (April 1, 2006): 147–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.4000/studifrancesi.30176.
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Seifert, L. C. "Hidden Agendas: Cross-Dressing in 17th-Century France." French Studies 62, no. 4 (October 1, 2008): 474–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/fs/knn077.
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Shaheen, Jonathan L. "A Vitalist Shoal in the Mechanist Tide: Art, Nature, and 17th-Century Science." Philosophies 7, no. 5 (October 8, 2022): 111. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/philosophies7050111.
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This paper reconstructs Margaret Cavendish’s theory of the metaphysics of artifacts. It situates her anti-mechanist account of artifactual production and the art-nature distinction against a background of Aristotelian, Scholastic, and mechanist theories. Within this broad context, it considers what Cavendish thinks artisans can actually do, grounding her terminological stipulation that there is no genuine generation in nature in a commitment to natural and artistic production as the mere rearrangement of bodies. Bodies themselves are identified, in a conceptually Ockhamist manner, with their figures, so that the resulting theory of mere rearrangement is Scholastically respectable. The paper also offers literal interpretations, focused narrowly on the philosophical content of her theories of art and artifacts, of her claims that art concerns only “nature’s sporting or playing actions”, that its products are “deformed and defective”, and that they are “at best …mixt or hermaphroditical."
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Burmistrov, Konstantin Yu. "Moshe Cordovero’s Kabbalah and its reception in Europe at the end of the 17th century." Philosophy Journal 15, no. 1 (2022): 21–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.21146/2072-0726-2022-15-1-21-36.
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Moshe ben Ya’akov Cordovero (1522–1570) was one of the most influential Kabbalists of the 16th century living in Safed in Northern Galilee (Ottoman Empire). The systematic explanation of the basic concepts of Kabbalah that he proposed had a significant impact on the subsequent development of Kabbalah. A characteristic feature of the views of Cordovero and his followers was the desire to “demythologize” Kabbalah, to create a synthesis of earlier views and to develop a unified speculative theory on their basis. At the same time, since the end of the 16th century, the Kabbalah school of Yitzhak Luria has gained increasing influence, striving to offer a completely new interpretation of the basic concepts of this teaching by remythologizing it. As a rule, it is believed that it was Luria’s Kabbalah that was at the center of interests of Christian researchers of Kabbalah of the 17th century, who in turn influenced the views of a number of European philosophers (H. More, G.W. Leibniz, J. Locke, F.C. Oetinger, F.X. von Baader, F.W.J. Schelling, F.J. Molitor and others). The article attempts to revise this idea and show that Cordovero’s Kabbalah was also very significant for the European thinkers of the 17th century, who were engaged in the translation and interpretation of Kabbalistic writings. The article is based on the analysis of the original Hebrew sources, as well as the Latin translations, made in the late 17th century.
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Chondros, Thomas. "The development of mechanics and engineering design and machine theory since the rennaissance." FME Transactions 49, no. 2 (2021): 291–307. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/fme2102291c.
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The history of science and mechanics is confronted by two interconnected problems: a critical accumulation and systematization of historical information about the subject of study, and the relationship between events and the laws of their development.The influence of natural philosophy in classical times that led to the development of mechanics and engineering as a science from the 5th century B.C. to the Middle-Ages was investigated in a previous article by the author. The rapid development of mechanics as a science started in the 16th and the 17th century. Machine design as an applied science was heavily relying on mechanics. Since the beginning of the 19th century, mechanics became the theoretical basis of an increasing number of applied technical disciplines directly connected with the development of industry, the elaboration of new technological processes machines, and industrial plants. A brief history of the development of the theory of machines and mechanisms is attempted here, along with the personalities and Academic Institutions that influenced Mechanisms and Machine Theory from Medieval Times to the recent past.
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D’Angelo, Vincenzo. "Ital. eravassimo e altre forme verbali in -vassimo." Zeitschrift für romanische Philologie 135, no. 2 (June 5, 2019): 583–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/zrp-2019-0030.
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Abstract This article aims to reconstruct the history of eravassimo (first-person plural of the imperfect indicative of essere) and other Italian verbal forms ending in -vassimo. These rare verbal forms began to appear in grammars and dictionaries in the 17th century and in some literary and non-literary texts in the 18th century. Some examples of the verbal forms in -vassimo can still be found in texts produced in recent years on the Internet.
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Penkova, Yana A. "About the history of indefinite pronouns: Quasi-relative constructions with ni budi and ni jest’ in 17th–18th century Russian language." Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Language and Literature 18, no. 1 (2021): 114–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.21638/spbu09.2021.107.
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The article deals with quasi-relative constructions with ni budi/ ni jest’ , which were competing in 17th-18th century Russian language and claiming the role of an unspecific indefinite marker. This competition resulted in the victory of the ni budi- construction and grammaticalization of the formant nibud’ in modern Russian. The research was carried out on data taken from the historical module of the Russian National Corpus, as well as from a subcorpus of 18th century texts within the main corpus. Quasi-relative constructions are compared according to the following parameters: frequency, semantic distribution, degree of phraseologization and stylistic features. In the 17th century texts, both constructions show low frequency and occur in a limited range of sources: mainly in documents, as well as in some chronicles and everyday communication. In this period, the grammaticalization process was not complete for both constructions. In 18th century texts, the frequency of quasi-relative constructions with ni budi , unlike ni jest’ , sharply increases. Constructions with ni budi ( nibud’ ) penetrate into various functional domains of literary language, including church literature. Constructions with ni jest’ , on the contrary, were preserved in the 18th century language only as marginal archaisms. The semantics of quasi-relative constructions with ni budi in the period in question differed from nibud’ pronouns in modern Russian. The latter significantly narrowed their semantic scope, having lost the ability to be used as free-choice markers.
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PALVA, H. "A 17th-18th Century Manuscript in Spoken Egyptian Arabic." Le Muséon 120, no. 3 (December 31, 2007): 395–434. http://dx.doi.org/10.2143/mus.120.3.2024682.
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PALVA, Heikki. "A 17th-18th Century Manuscript in Spoken Egyptian Arabic." Le Muséon 121, no. 1 (June 30, 2008): 93–123. http://dx.doi.org/10.2143/mus.121.1.2120503.
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Kühlmann, Wilhelm. "The Thirty Years War in Heroic Epics (Der Dreißigjährige Krieg im heroischen Epos)." Daphnis 46, no. 1-2 (March 15, 2018): 143–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18796583-04601011.
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This article contains a historical and theoretical categorization of Bernhard Dieterlin’s heroic epic ‘Magneis’ (1623) as well as a translation, analysis, and interpretation of certain selected passages. ‘Magneis’ panegyrically sings of Magnus von Württemberg’s death in the battle of Wimpfen. This example is used to illustrate how 17th century epic poems make use of the genre’s ancient models and how contemporary history is interpreted literarily by embedding it in a manifold generic context rich in tradition.
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Watson, Christine. "Truth, Doubt and Hearsay in 17th-Century Russian News Translations." Scando-Slavica 65, no. 2 (July 3, 2019): 282–301. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00806765.2019.1672091.
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Alconchel, José Luis Girón. "Nebrija y las gramáticas del español en el siglo de oro." Historiographia Linguistica 22, no. 1-2 (January 1, 1995): 1–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/hl.22.1-2.02alc.
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Summary This article is intended as a contribution to the history of Spanish grammar of the 16th and 17th centures. It has two parts. In the first the author places grammar studies within the framework of Spanish linguistics of the Renaissance; in the second, he delineates their evolution with reference to Latin grammar and the teaching Spanish as a foreign language. It is well known that nationalism and the intention to establish the literary foundations of the language are the most important agents of grammatical studies during the Renaissance; yet, attention must also be paid to the rupture of medieval Latin-Romance bilingualism, to the new intellectual paradigm in which rhetorics substitutes for syllogism, and to the influence of Erasmus. The grammar of the troubadours and Latin grammar – medieval and humanist – evoke an interest in developing grammars of Romance languages; it made the appearance of Nebrija possible. In his grammar of Spanish we may stress its capacity to be a grammar for foreigners and the value of this document for the history of Spanish. Spanish grammar writing of the 16th century is dominated by Nebrija; is strong presence is evident with the critical reception Villalon and Valdes give to his work. In the 17th century the work of Sanctius initiates a rationalism which favours pedagogical methodology and linguistic nationalism. Jimenez Paton, Correas and Caramuel are the most important authors of that period. With an exemplary linguistic realism Correas applies Sanctius’ theory of the elipsis to Spanish, and he recognizes the singularity of Spanish grammar in contrast to that of Latin. The grammars written for foreigners in the 17th century are at the height of inductive methodology.
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Gehring (book editor), Ulrike, Pieter Weibel (book editor), and Jane Russell Corbett (review author). "Mapping Spaces: Networks of Knowledge in 17th Century Landscape Painting." Renaissance and Reformation 40, no. 4 (January 28, 2018): 211–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.33137/rr.v40i4.29288.
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Pievatolo, Antonio, Fabrizio Ruggeri, Refik Soyer, and Simon Wilson. "Decisions in Risk and Reliability: An Explanatory Perspective." Stats 4, no. 2 (March 26, 2021): 228–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/stats4020017.
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The paper discusses issues that surround decisions in risk and reliability, with a major emphasis on quantitative methods. We start with a brief history of quantitative methods in risk and reliability from the 17th century onwards. Then, we look at the principal concepts and methods in decision theory. Finally, we give several examples of their application to a wide variety of risk and reliability problems: software testing, preventive maintenance, portfolio selection, adversarial testing, and the defend-attack problem. These illustrate how the general framework of game and decision theory plays a relevant part in risk and reliability.
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Mevissen, Yulia. "“Ein galanter mensch muß in allem seinen thun natürlich seyn”." Daphnis 50, no. 2-3 (July 21, 2022): 347–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18796583-12340055.
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Abstract Tracing the history of ‘natural’ style from late 17th century letter writing manuals to Gellert’s reform, this article shows how the ideal of ‘naturalness’ is being derived from the topos of letters as conversations among absentees (sermo absentis ad absentem). The article argues that semantic shifts within the concept of ‘naturalness’ go along with changes in the relationship between letters and publicity. Unlike gallant letters, Gellert’s letters generate their quality of ‘naturalness’ by emphasizing that they were allegedly not intended for an outside audience.
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Koo, Doyoung. "Items of Tributary Gifts (Pangmul 方物) Sent to the Ming Dynasty by Chosŏn and their Changing Trends." International Journal of Korean History 26, no. 2 (August 31, 2021): 151–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.22372/ijkh.2021.26.2.151.
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This paper examines changes and trends in tributary gifts (pangmul 方物) sent by Chosŏn regular envoys to the Ming Emperor during the 15th and 17th centuries. First, pangmul items sent by the Chosŏn to the Ming were partially inherited from the Koryŏ era. Second, it examines how King Sejong’s 1429 request that the Chosŏn court pay its tribute by means other than gold and silver led the court to offer specialty goods as tribute instead of precious metals. It then moves on to explore how economic scarcity resulting from the Imjin Wars of 1592 led Chosŏn pangmul to be composed mostly of folding fans and stationery items such as paper (kyŏngmyŏnji, paekmyŏnji, and oil paper), inkstones (hwayŏn), ink (chinmuk and yumaemuk) and writing brushes (hwangmopil)–the dynasty’s common, major export goods. After the war, the Chosŏn dynasty regained stability and returned to its pre-war pangmul practices. However, the pangmul were not completely fixed and showed tentative patterns, going back and forth between the practices of the 15th century and the new circumstances of the 17th century. In short, this paper explores how pangmul practices were not completely fixed, and how contingencies such as the war and the changing landscape of manufacturing in 16th-century Korea influenced the composition of Chosŏn pangmul.
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Avdeev, A. G., E. A. Okladnikova, Yu M. Svoisky, and E. V. Romanenko. "A New Reading of the Inscriptions on the Handles of the Nominal Knives Found on the Sims Bay Shores." Vestnik NSU. Series: History and Philology 21, no. 7 (September 8, 2022): 134–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.25205/1818-7919-2022-21-7-134-149.
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Purpose. The article presents a new reading of the inscriptions on two nominal knives found on the coast of Sims Bay in the Laptev Sea. The results of the reading are differs from the readings of paleographers and researchers published earlier. It was possible to give a correct reading of these inscriptions due to the use of the non-contact 3D modeling method developed by the RSSDA Laboratory and used in the Code of Russian Inscriptions (CRI).Results. The reading of the inscriptions on the nominal knives proposed by the authors of this article made it possible to establish their belonging to Gury (baptismal name) – Akaky (prayer? name) Ivanov's son Karzyaev, the likely head of the commercial and industrial expedition in the 20s of the 17th century. The site of polar sailors of the 17th century in the Sims Bay is located in 70 km to the west from the Thaddeus the North island, where in 1940 members of the hydrographic detachment of the East Taimyr hydrographic expedition found similar finds, including 8 other knives. Unfortunately, these knives have only partially preserved handles, and most turned out to be represented only by blades. Inscriptions filled with Slavic script could be found only on two knives from a hut in Sims Bay.Conclusion. According to the official version, both finds belong to the members of the Russian trade and industrial expedition in the 17th century. The rich composition of the archaeological artifacts collected at these two locations makes this site of Russian culture of the 17th century unique.
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Feuerstein-Herz, Petra. "Konfigurationen einer Bibliothek." Internationales Archiv für Sozialgeschichte der deutschen Literatur 46, no. 1 (June 1, 2021): 170–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/iasl-2021-0010.
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Abstract The article traces the idea of provenance and its changing relevance for collecting policies governing the Herzog August Library Wolfenbüttel (HAB) since its foundation as a universal library in the 17th century. Today, systematic provenance research allows librarians and researchers not only to map layers of the collection’s origins but also to reconstruct the broken, intersected structures of a given collection’s historical delivery. It also reveals the value of books as sources for research into reading practices, cultural history, and the multiple transfers of knowledge in early modern times.
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Novak, Maria O., and Yana A. Penkova. "Cyril of Jerusalem catechetical lectures: To linguistic and textual history of the 13th century Tolstovskii manuscript." Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Language and Literature 19, no. 2 (2022): 334–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.21638/spbu09.2022.208.
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The article presents a study of catechetical lectures by Cyril of Jerusalem in the Tolstovskii sbornik (collection) from the 13th century (RNB, F.p.I.39) in comparison with four manuscripts from the 11th–17th centuries. Considering lexical, derivational, and grammatical variations, the authors conclude that the Tolstovskii manuscript has much more archaic features in common with three representatives of the MSS from the “family Sin” (they are three MSS from 11th–16th centuries). At the same time, it looks closer to the manuscript from the 16th–17th centuries (RSL, f. 256, N.P.Rumiantsev collection, no. 194) at the grammatical level. Simultaneously, the grammatical commonality of the Tolstovskii and Rumiantsev manuscripts is also not associated with the later editing but better reflects the original readings of translation than the manuscripts from the “family Sin.” Along with general readings, the Tolstovskii copy is characterized by many special readings that do not coincide with any MSS involved in the analysis. Some of these readings better convey the Greek original text, while others, on the contrary, reflect the result of later distortions. The manuscript does not contain consistent “Preslav” revision traces, although one can sporadically find some East Bulgarian lexemes in it (since many of them are also present in other copies, one cannot consider them as a result of later revisions). Nevertheless, the archaic Cyril and Methodius’ translation layer, both in vocabulary and grammar, turns out to be predominant. Thus, the Tolstovskii manuscript should be recognized as the representative of a particular tradition of Cyril’s catechetical text, far from both the “family Sin” and the Rumiantsev copy, as far as it preserves a large number of archaic features in its language.
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Galkin, I. V. ""Monarchists" and "Republicans" in the Western European Political and Legal Thought of the 17th Century." Lex Russica 74, no. 2 (February 25, 2021): 134–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.17803/1729-5920.2021.171.2.134-150.
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The paper is devoted to the problem of theoretical approaches to monarchical and republican forms of government that were reflected in the works of representatives of Western European political thought of the 17th century. The seventeenth century is the century that opens the period of Modern Times. It was a turning point not only in the history of Western European civilization, but also in the history of philosophical knowledge and "positive" sciences, including in such a specific field as political thought, which developed at the intersection of philosophy and science. The political theory of the period, was able to rise to the realization of the objective of the imperfection of existing political institutions and give its recommendations for addressing the identified deficiencies, as far as it was possible in terms of initial imperfections is given to us in sensations of the world. The political thought of the historical period under consideration showed a lively theoretical polemic between the supporters of the monarchical and republican forms of government. The revolutionary situation developed in some of the advanced European states during the alarming seventeenth century made it possible to understand the advantages or disadvantages of the existing forms of government. It seems quite natural that the formation of the theoretical views of specific political thinkers or jurists was formed under the influence of the dominant ideology (or competing ideologies) of that time. Moreover, it should be noted that the monarchist or republican views of specific authors are not always theoretically well-reasoned, but are often based on the subjective preferences of thinkers. Thus, this paper highlights a rather ambiguous problem of the features of monarchical and republican forms of government in the political thought of the 17th century.
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Maher, Julianne. "Fishermen, farmers, traders: Language and economic history on St. Barthélemy, French West Indies." Language in Society 25, no. 3 (September 1996): 373–406. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0047404500019217.
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ABSTRACTSt. Barthélemy, a small island in the northeastern Caribbean, is populated primarily by descendants of 17th century French settlers, and hosts seven language varieties. To explain the linguistic complexity of the island, this article reconstructs both its social history (using censuses, church records, and land registries) and its economic history, analyzing the effects of economic change on the island's population. The two offshoot communities on St. Thomas provide evidence of social fragmentation related to occupational differences. Functional explanations for St. Barth's linguistic diversity are inadequate; however, the social network theory of Milroy & Milroy 1992 proves useful in explaining the persistence of language differences in this small isolated community. (Social networks, life-modes, economic change, societal multilingualism, creole languages, French, West Indies, St. Barthélemy)
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JEONG, Bin-Na. "A Study on the Ideological Transformation of Confucian Knowledge Theory in the 17th and 18th Centuries." Tae Dong Institute of classic research 49 (December 31, 2022): 331–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.31408/tdicr.2022.49.331.
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The purpose of this study is to examine the ideological transformation of Chinese Confucian knowledge theory that occurred during the 17th and 18th centuries. Neo-Confucianism presents the knowledge theory of ‘ge-wu-zhi-zhi[格物致知]’. This is integrated with the universal principle[理] through self- cultivation. In the 17th century, Chinese scholars faced the reality of the collapse of “zhonghe[中華]” which was considered universal. They thought that the cause of the crisis of the times was the crisis of the inner mind, and found an alternative in scriptural analysis. However, the contradictions revealed through scriptural analysis led to the pursuit of objective knowledge. Socio-economic development and change required knowledge centered on pragmatism. As a result, the theory of knowledge centered on mental training was forced to change. In the case of Fang yizhi(方以智), his theory turned out to be ‘Investigation of things(質測學)’, which deviated from ‘ge-wu-zhi-zhi(格物致知)’. Yan Yuan(顔元) advocated knowledge of ‘practice’. Another case of Dai Zhen(戴震), it was expressed as a knowledge theory based on antimetaphysical and Qi(氣)-philosophical thinking about the object. This was the result of internal self-movement in the history of Confucianism.
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Parncutt, Richard. "The Tonic as Triad: Key Profiles as Pitch Salience Profiles of Tonic Triads." Music Perception 28, no. 4 (April 1, 2011): 333–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/mp.2011.28.4.333.
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Major and minor triads emerged in western music in the 13th to 15th centuries. From the 15th to the 17th centuries, they increasingly appeared as final sonorities. In the 17th century, music-theoretical concepts of sonority, root, and inversion emerged. I propose that since then, the primary perceptual reference in tonal music has been the tonic triad sonority (not the tonic tone or chroma) in an experiential (not physical or notational) representation. This thesis is consistent with the correlation between the key profiles of Krumhansl and Kessler (1982; here called chroma stability profiles) and the chroma salience profiles of tonic triads (after Parncutt, 1988). Chroma stability profiles also correlate with chroma prevalence profiles (of notes in the score), suggesting an implication-realization relationship between the chroma prevalence profile of a passage and the chroma salience profile of its tonic triad. Convergent evidence from psychoacoustics, music psychology, the history of composition, and the history of music theory suggests that the chroma salience profile of the tonic triad guided the historical emergence of major-minor tonality and continues to influence its perception today.
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Burchard, Christoph. "Joseph and Aseneth in Rumania." Journal for the Study of Judaism 39, no. 4-5 (2008): 540–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/157006308x315173.
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AbstractThe article offers a survey of the text-forms of "Joseph and Aseneth" in Serbo-Slavonic, Greek, and Rumanian which circulated in Rumania in the 17th to the middle of the 19th centuries, especially a Rumanian condensation produced by orthodox monks in the early 18th century for moral education. Particular attention is paid to textual contamination among the forms. This is the end of the long history of vernacular versions and adaptations of the story which started around 600 C.E. with the Syriac translation.
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Welch, E. R. "Veiled Encounters: Representing the Orient in 17th-Century French Travel Literature." French Studies 63, no. 4 (October 1, 2009): 459–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/fs/knp123.
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Steihaug, Trond. "A Story of Computational Science: Colonel Titus’ Problem from the 17th Century." Axioms 11, no. 6 (June 14, 2022): 287. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/axioms11060287.
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Experimentation and the evaluation of algorithms have a long history in algebra. In this paper we follow a single test example over more than 250 years. In 1685, John Wallis published A treatise of algebra, both historical and practical, containing a solution of Colonel Titus’ problem that was proposed to him around 1650. The Colonel Titus problem consists of three algebraic quadratic equations in three unknowns, which Wallis transformed into the problem of finding the roots of a fourth-order (quartic) polynomial. When Joseph Raphson published his method in 1690, he demonstrated the method on 32 algebraic equations and one of the examples was this quartic equation. Edmund Halley later used the same polynomial as an example for his new methods in 1694. Although Wallis used the method of Vietè, which is a digit–by–digit method, the more efficient methods of Halley and Raphson are clearly demonstrated in the works by Raphson and Halley. For more than 250 years the quartic equation has been used as an example in a wide range of solution methods for nonlinear equations. This paper provides an overview of the Colonel Titus problem and the equation first derived by Wallis. The quartic equation has four positive roots and the equation has been found to be very useful for analyzing the number of roots and finding intervals for the individual roots, in the Cardan–Ferrari direct approach for solving quartic equations, and in Sturm’s method of determining the number of real roots of an algebraic equation. The quartic equation, together with two other algebraic equations, have likely been the first set of test examples used to compare different iteration methods of solving algebraic equations.
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Reichmuth, Stefan. "ARABIC LITERATURE AND ISLAMIC SCHOLARSHIP IN THE 17TH/18TH CENTURY: TOPICS AND BIOGRAPHIES." Die Welt des Islams 42, no. 3 (2002): 281–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15700600260434994.
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Spiekermann, Björn. "Der Atheismus in Enzyklopädien der Frühen Neuzeit." Daphnis 49, no. 3 (July 14, 2021): 479–524. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18796583-12340028.
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Abstract This article examines definitions and evaluations of as well as alternative terms for ‘atheism’ in encyclopedias of the early modern period. In a representative overview it will be shown that the early modern discourse about atheism must be interpreted in the light of the history of concepts, of ideas and of knowledge: Not only was the scope of the term ‘atheism’ much broader in the 16th and 17th centuries than it is today, but the sometimes highly ambitious attempts to classify the phenomenon of atheism according to the early modern orders of knowledge remained influential during the 18th and well into the 19th century.
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Schneer, Cecil. "Geology, Time and History." Earth Sciences History 8, no. 2 (January 1, 1989): 103–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.17704/eshi.8.2.n871088718k50220.
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There is evidence of consciousness of natural time as far back as the Early Ice Age in recorded observations of the recurrent and successive appearances of the moon. The idea of geologic time was broached as part of the 17th century scientific revolution in the same milieu as the ideal time of rational mechanics, but the sense of time drawn from observations of the earth transcended the limitations of ideal physical law. Inapplicable to "…an unlimited assemblage of local instabilities…" (Maxwell, 1877 p. 14), the laws of physics by definition are independent of the very particulars of time and place that are the essence of historical science. In the 18th century, Hutton formulated a physically dynamic theory of earth history as an indefinitely repeating series of cycles, while continental geologists such as Arduino and Werner constructed an ordinal classification of the major rock formations from primary crystalline basement to the alluvium of the present surface. The detailed scale of geological time as expressed in the geologic column was made possible by the discovery (principally by G. Cuvier and A.Brongniart and independently W. Smith) of the principle of faunal succession. By 1836, a consensus on the main outlines of the structure and biologic, as well as lithologic, succession was reached that held almost up to the present day. With temporal succession, the static scala naturae of Aristotle became first the progressionism of the great chain of being and finally, Darwinian evolution. The idea of geologic time encompasses all that we have learned of the history of our earth and its life.
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Soldat, Cornelia. "Response." Russian History 48, no. 3-4 (September 19, 2022): 316–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.30965/18763316-12340034.
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Abstract This response clarifies certain aspects of the article. The first aspect is the application of Jan Assmann’s Cultural Memory Theory in the analysis of the text of the “Tale of Ivan the Terrible’s Novgorod Expedition.” A Second is that Alexander Guagnini’s Sarmatiae Europeae descriptio has been used as a reference text, because of its distribution in print in various languages from 1578 on. Also, it is noted that the “Tale” was never part of the original Novgorod Third chronicle svod (compilation) as it was published under the name of “Novgorod chronicles,” but that it was glued onto an older manuscript only in the middle of the 18th century. The somewhat earlier, but not contemporary Novgorod chronicles used German pamphlets, especially Taube und Kruse, as a source. As the text appeared relatively late, as do other mentions of the Novgorod Raid in 17th century Russian chronicles, it seems likely that they were used at this time to comment on and criticize the reign of Aleksei Mikhailovich as tyranny rather than to describe historical events.
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Hohlweck, Patrick. "Wahrheit der Ermittlung (Neuer Pitaval, Harsdörffer)." Sprache und Literatur 48, no. 1 (December 27, 2019): 7–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.30965/25890859-04801002.
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Abstract The essay follows the history of tradition of the story The Blind Witness, from the publication in François Richer’s Causes célèbres and the subsequent inclusion in the Neuer Pitaval, to its previous iterations reaching back to the 16th century. Starting from this historical-comparative perspective, the interdependencies of investigative representations and criminal procedure codes are traced, with special attention paid to the various writing practices within the framework of criminal procedure since the 17th century. Taking Georg Philipp Harsdörffer’s version of The Blind Witness as part of his collections of crime narratives as an example, the article suggests that the demand for truth or truthfulness made by the juridical orders of writing of the time endows several forms of modern narratives with a reflection on the theory of representation.
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Henneton, Lauric. "“Fear of Popish Leagues”: Religious Identities and the Conduct of Frontier Diplomacy in Mid-17th-Century Northeastern America." New England Quarterly 89, no. 3 (September 2016): 356–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/tneq_a_00545.
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“Fear of Popish Leagues” weaves together various threads across the Atlantic from Scotland to Mexico and from Germany to the Caribbean to explore the makeshift diplomacy of Massachusetts Puritans and the Catholics from Acadia across confessional boundaries in the frontier environment of mid-Seventeenth Century America and in the context of civil wars in Europe.
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Scholz, B. F. "On Foucault’s idea of an epistemic shift in the 17th century and its significance for Baroque scholarship." Literator 11, no. 3 (May 6, 1990): 12–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/lit.v11i3.810.
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In this article it is argued that the significance of Foucault’s view of history does not lie so much in the concept of epistemes, as in his emphasis on radical discontinuity as a historiographic principle. His programme also challenges literary history, the question inter alia being how discontinuity affects periodization. This question is situated among other questions of periodization. It is argued that in Foucault’s view the a priori of dispersion and the construction of a vertical series of series should govern periodization. Three fruitful implications of Foucault’s views for Baroque scholarship are discussed in the end, viz. that it allows the colligation of phenomena up till now viewed in isolation, the reinterpretation of phenomena already accounted for and the extension of our knowledge of the cultural matrix of the Baroque.
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Mityureva, Daria. "Jean Boden in the War of Pamphlets in England in the Middle of the 17th Century." ISTORIYA 13, no. 1 (111) (2022): 0. http://dx.doi.org/10.18254/s207987840019049-2.
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Scholars of English political thought notice Jean Bodin’s theory of sovereignty inspired English pre-revolutionary and revolutionary philosophers. One could find massive references to all principal Bodin’s works. I focus on the direct citations of Les Six livres de la République. Public valued The Six Books of the Republic during the 17th century in different ways: obvious peaks of citations one could between 1640 and 1650. Both warring parties referred to Bodin. Works of Bodin became source of vivid examples in the revolutionary situations when political thinkers had to write and publish pamphlets urgently. Most likely, the third part of authors mentioned Bodin did not read his texts and know him indirectly. Thus, Bodin’s thought had been distorted.