Dissertations / Theses: 'Theory and practice'

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Maletsky, Jade. "Describing marketing practices using the social theory of practice." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/24691.

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The world of Marketing is a multifaceted broad discipline and over recent years it has fundamentally changed. Marketing is consistently evolving and many authors are calling for a new definition. A shift in thinking is necessary in order to identify new opportunities and re-examine the conventional models. The recent Contemporary Marketing Practice series of research has looked at describing Marketing practices within the marketing context. This programme analyses the multiple disciplines within marketing. It does not, however deconstruct or examine marketing practices. It merely examines the multiple marketing activities but does not consider practice theory. The social theory of practice provides an opportunity to examine Marketing using a ‘practice lens’. Accordingly, the purpose of this research is to investigate Marketing practices using the theory of social practice. This theory defines practices as understanding, procedures and engagement and these three components have been applied to the marketing context. This research uses case study methodology in a large financial services organisation to explore marketing practices in more detail. This provides a deeper understanding of these components within the marketing department. It was found that the social theory of practice provides a rich exploration into the field of marketing highlighting a new way to describe marketing. The practices etymology and terminology have been explored using the anatomy of practices as defined by the social theory of practice to ensure construct validity and a common platform for academics and practitioners. The report provides a framework that aims at describing and optimising marketing practices and concludes with recommendations and future research. Copyright
Dissertation (MBA)--University of Pretoria, 2010.
Gordon Institute of Business Science (GIBS)
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Yau, Shek Fung. "Theory and practice : controversies in Rameau's theory of harmony and thoroughbass practice." HKBU Institutional Repository, 1998. http://repository.hkbu.edu.hk/etd_ra/152.

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Kean, J. M. "Metapopulation theory in practice." Lincoln University, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/10182/1372.

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A metapopulation is defined as a set of potential local populations among which dispersal may occur. Metapopulation theory has grown rapidly in recent years, but much has focused on the mathematical properties of metapopulations rather than their relevance to real systems. Indeed, barring some notable exceptions, metapopulation theory remains largely untested in the field. This thesis investigates the importance of metapopulation structure in the ‘real world’, firstly by building additional realism into metapopulation models, and secondly through a 3-year field study of a real metapopulation system. The modelling analyses include discrete-and continuous-time models, and cover single species, host-parasitoid, and disease-host systems, with and without stochasticity. In all cases, metapopulation structure enhanced species persistence in time, and often allowed long-term continuance of otherwise non-persistent interactions. Spatial heterogeneity and patterning was evident whenever local populations were stochastic or deterministically unstable in isolation. In metapopulations, the latter case often gave rise to self-organising spatial patterns. These were composed of spiral wave fronts (or ‘arcs of infection’ in disease models) of different sizes, and were related to the stability characteristics of local populations as well as the dispersal rates. There was no evidence for self-organising spatial patterns in the host-parasitoid system studied in the field (the weevil Sitona discoideus and its braconid parasitoid Microctonus aethiopoides), and a new model for the interaction suggested that this is probably due to the strong host density-dependence and stabilising parasitism acting on local populations. Dispersal may be important because of very high mortality in dispersing weevils, which may be related to the scarcity of their host plant in the landscape. If this is the case, the model suggested that local weevil density may be sensitive to the area of crop grown. Stochastic models showed that species in suitably large metapopulations may persist for very long times at relatively low overall density and with very low incidence of density-dependence. This suggests that metapopulation processes may explain a general inability to detect density-dependence in many real populations, and may also play an important part in the persistence of rare species. For host-parasitoid metapopulation models, persistence often depended on the way in which they were initialised. Initial conditions corresponding to a biological control release were the least likely to persist, and the maximum host suppression observed in this case was 84%, as compared with 60% for the corresponding non-spatial models and >90% often observed in the field. Metapopulation structure also allowed persistence of ‘boom-bust’ disease models, although the dynamics of these were particularly dependent on assumptions about what happens to disease classes at very low densities. Models assuming infinitely divisible units of density, models incorporating a non-zero extinction threshold, and individual-based models all gave differing results in terms of disease persistence and rate of spatial spread. Fitting models to overall metapopulation dynamics often gave misleading results in terms of underlying local dynamics, emphasising the need to sample real populations at an appropriate scale when seeking to understand their behaviour.

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Monroe, James D. "Deception: Theory and Practice." Thesis, Monterey, California. Naval Postgraduate School, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10945/7388.

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This thesis explores the history of U.S. Army deception and doctrine, and combines the insights gained with the various works on deception, cognitive psychology, communications, and decision-making in order to distill a concise handbook for deception practitioners. A longitudinal review of U.S. Army doctrine reveals a wide variation in the treatment of deception, from emphasized to ignored. This variation can be primarily explained by the U.S. preference for the cumulative destruction style of war and the perceived balance of power between the U.S. and its adversaries. This thesis strives to fill the current doctrinal gap by distilling the existing body of work to create a theory of deception in the military context. The theory presented provides a cogent structure, taxonomy, and lexicon, as well as, emphasis on how deception functions within the frameworks of communications and decision-making. Next, a synthesis of the practice of deception is presented, with a focus on deception planning and the essential elements of deception practice. Examples of U.S. use of deception from the Revolutionary War to Operation DESERT STORM are presented to provide illumination on the utility and use of deception. Finally, the thesis provides recommendations on how to organize for deception operations.

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Hansen, William G. "Influence: theory and practice." Monterey, California: Naval Postgraduate School, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10945/34673.

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During the Korean War, Chinese captors of U.S. prisoners employed an unexpected and relatively successful compliance program. The Chinese, somewhat afraid of post-conflict repercussions for coercive torture, pursued techniques of social influence to secure behavioral compliance as well as lasting indoctrination. Although they failed in their primary objective to permanently alter beliefs and attitudes, their process illuminated the success in influencing individual behavior by interpreting and controlling aspects of group social dynamics. To cope with the daily flood of lifes information, humans have developed cognitive processes to quickly filter decision-making requests according to probable importance. If determined routine, the person allows learned decision-making shortcuts to guide his response. A range of psycho-social principles of human behavior underlie this automaticity and they can be deliberately triggered, or suppressed, to increase the likelihood of generating predictable behavioral responses in an individual. This thesis includes a broad survey of the major theoretical and practical foundations of psychology, propaganda, and marketing. It identifies the psycho-social principles that most influence a persons likelihood of complying with behavioral requests and examines a broad selection of social influence efforts for their presence. Finally, this thesis concludes by assessing the ability of influence principles to secure enduring effects.

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Goodsman, Danë. "Summerhill: theory and practice." Thesis, University of East Anglia, 1992. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.285257.

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The thesis is an exploration of Summerhill, the school founded by A.S. Neill in 1921. It is an ethnographic study, focusing on the culture of Summerhill, and attempting to find out what being a Summerhillian means. It also looks at how Summerhill has been depicted by those on the `outside'. Five chapters are specifically about the school - giving a descriptive account of the workings of the culture. The remaining chapters explore how others have looked at the institutions and how the practice of research itself affects the possibilities for discovery and explanation. A major concern of the thesis is the methodological significance of being an `insider' - as the researcher is an ex-Summerhillian. Chapter one is a brief introduction to the thesis. Chapter Two describes the genesis of the study and looks at issues of `cultural translation' and `insider research'. The following chapter on `School Life' is the first of the substantive chapters, offering a descriptive account of the life and culture of those in the school. Chapter Four, entitled `Big Kids' considers the notion that Summerhill has community `elders', while Chapter Five looks at the role of staff. The Meeting is the focus of Chapter Six, where the policy of self-government is examined. Chapter Seven explores the system of voluntary lessons. Chapter Eight looks at views of Summerhill as represented in written material. The final chapter offers an overview of the main points of the thesis, and concludes with some of the writer's own `insider' reflections.(DX174307)

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Dodd, Julia. "From Theory to Practice: Practical Tips for Creating a Trauma-Informed Primary Care Practice." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2017. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/7342.

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Nordvall, Dennis. "Multifractals in Theory and Practice." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för matematik och matematisk statistik, 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-51350.

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Olson, Ryan Michael. "Electron correlation theory and practice /." [Ames, Iowa : Iowa State University], 2007.

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Purvis, A. "Comparative methods : theory and practice." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1992. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.315843.

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Jones, Mark Philip. "Qualified types : theory and practice." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1992. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.305969.

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Crisp, Roger. "Ideal utilitarianism : theory and practice." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1988. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.253770.

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Stephens, Chris. "Global optimization: theory versus practice." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Mathematics, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/8430.

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This thesis looks at some theoretical and practical aspects of global optimization - as we shall see they do not always coincide. Chapter 1 defines the global optimization problem, discusses applications, concluding there are fewer than often claimed, and a presents a survey of algorithms. A simple deterministic analogue to PAS, a theoretical stochastic algorithm known to have good convergence properties, is presented. The often-claimed minimax optimality of the Piyavskii-Shubert algorithm is shown not to apply for the first few iterations. The counter-example given also applies to Mladineo's algorithm. Chapter 2 concentrates on some theoretical results for global optimization algorithms. The results show that for both deterministic and stochastic algorithms, global information about the function is necessary to solve the global optimization problem. Chapter 3 introduces interval arithmetic as a tool for global optimization. A simpler and slightly more general proof of the convergence of the natural inclusion function than appears in the literature is provided. Interval arithmetic is generalised to apply to new classes of subdomains and take account of the structure of the function's expression. Examples show that generalised interval arithmetic can lead to dramatic improvements in inclusions and global optimization algorithms. Chapter 4 defines interval and bounding Hessians. The main result provides an optimal method of obtaining optimal (in two different senses) bounding Hessians from interval Hessians. Examples demonstrate the usefulness of bounding Hessians to global optimization. Chapter 5 brings together the theoretical results of the previous chapters into a new adaptive second derivative branch and bound algorithm. First, it presents a summary of the branch and bound framework and discusses the algorithms of Baritompa and Cutler. A counter-example shows that one of Baritompa and Cutler's algorithms is not valid in general and restricted sufficient conditions under which it is valid are given. The new algorithm is based (somewhat loosely in its final form) on Baritompa and Cutler's algorithms in a branch and bound framework. It achieves for the first time a cubic order of convergence in the bounding rule of a global optimization algorithm. Theoretical implications of a cubic order of convergence are also presented. Chapter 6 presents the results of testing an implementation of the new algorithm and variations. Four different bounding rules, three using adaptive second derivatives, are compared on 29 test functions. Conclusions are presented in the final chapter.

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James, Hakeem Kolawole. "Strategic planning : theory and practice." Thesis, University of Manchester, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.282936.

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Morrison, Sara Louise. "Excited states - theory and practice." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.240227.

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Younis, Abdelhamid. "Spatial modulation : theory to practice." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/8990.

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Spatial modulation (SM) is a transmission technique proposed for multiple–input multiple– output (MIMO) systems, where only one transmit antenna is active at a time, offering an increase in the spectral efficiency equal to the base–two logarithm of the number of transmit antennas. The activation of only one antenna at each time instance enhances the average bit error ratio (ABER) as inter–channel interference (ICI) is avoided, and reduces hardware complexity, algorithmic complexity and power consumption. Thus, SM is an ideal candidate for large scale MIMO (tens and hundreds of antennas). The analytical ABER performance of SM is studied and different frameworks are proposed in other works. However, these frameworks have various limitations. Therefore, a closed–form analytical bound for the ABER performance of SM over correlated and uncorrelated, Rayleigh, Rician and Nakagami–m channels is proposed in this work. Furthermore, in spite of the low–complexity implementation of SM, there is still potential for further reductions, by limiting the number of possible combinations by exploiting the sphere decoder (SD) principle. However, existing SD algorithms do not consider the basic and fundamental principle of SM, that at any given time, only one antenna is active. Therefore, two modified SD algorithms tailored to SM are proposed. It is shown that the proposed sphere decoder algorithms offer an optimal performance, with a significant reduction of the computational complexity. Finally, the logarithmic increase in spectral efficiency offered by SM and the requirement that the number of antennas must be a power of two would require a large number of antennas. To overcome this limitation, two new MIMO modulation systems generalised spatial modulation (GNSM) and variable generalised spatial modulation (VGSM) are proposed, where the same symbol is transmitted simultaneously from more than one transmit antenna at a time. Transmitting the same data symbol from more than one antenna reduces the number of transmit antennas needed and retains the key advantages of SM. In initial development simple channel models can be used, however, as the system develops it should be tested on more realistic channels, which include the interactions between the environment and antennas. Therefore, a full analysis of the ABER performance of SM over urban channel measurements is carried out. The results using the urban measured channels confirm the theoretical work done in the field of SM. Finally, for the first time, the performance of SM is tested in a practical testbed, whereby the SM principle is validated.

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Quinn, Barry Michael. "International retailing : theory and practice." Thesis, Ulster University, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.284409.

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Seddik, Mohamed El Amine. "Random Matrix Theory for AI : From Theory to Practice." Electronic Thesis or Diss., université Paris-Saclay, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020UPASG010.

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De nos jours, l'IA repose en grande partie sur l'utilisation de données de grande taille et sur des méthodes d'apprentissage machine améliorées qui consistent à développer des algorithmes de classification et d'inférence en tirant parti de grands ensembles de données de grande taille. Ces grandes dimensions induisent de nombreux phénomènes contre-intuitifs, conduisant généralement à une mauvaise compréhension du comportement de nombreux algorithmes d'apprentissage machine souvent conçus avec des intuitions de petites dimensions de données. En tirant parti du cadre multidimensionnel (plutôt que d'en souffrir), la théorie des matrices aléatoires (RMT) est capable de prédire les performances de nombreux algorithmes non linéaires aussi complexes que certains réseaux de neurones aléatoires, ainsi que de nombreuses méthodes du noyau telles que les SVM, la classification semi-supervisée, l'analyse en composantes principales ou le regroupement spectral. Pour caractériser théoriquement les performances de ces algorithmes, le modèle de données sous-jacent est souvent un modèle de mélange gaussien (MMG) qui semble être une hypothèse forte étant donné la structure complexe des données réelles (par exemple, des images). En outre, la performance des algorithmes d'apprentissage automatique dépend du choix de la représentation des données (ou des caractéristiques) sur lesquelles ils sont appliqués. Encore une fois, considérer les représentations de données comme des vecteurs gaussiens semble être une hypothèse assez restrictive. S'appuyant sur la théorie des matrices aléatoires, cette thèse vise à aller au-delà de la simple hypothèse du MMG, en étudiant les outils classiques d'apprentissage machine sous l'hypothèse de vecteurs aléatoires concentrés qui généralisent les vecteurs Gaussiens. Cette hypothèse est particulièrement motivée par l'observation que l'on peut utiliser des modèles génératifs (par exemple, les GAN) pour concevoir des structures de données complexes et réalistes telles que des images, grâce à des transformations Lipschitzienne de vecteurs gaussiens. Cela suggère notamment que l'hypothèse de concentration sur les données mentionnée ci-dessus est un modèle approprié pour les données réelles et qui est tout aussi mathématiquement accessible que les MMG. Par conséquent, nous démontrons à travers cette thèse, en nous appuyant sur les GANs, l'intérêt de considérer le cadre des vecteurs concentrés comme un modèle pour les données réelles. En particulier, nous étudions le comportement des matrices de Gram aléatoires qui apparaissent au cœur de divers modèles linéaires, des matrices à noyau qui apparaissent dans les méthodes à noyau et également des méthodes de classification qui reposent sur une solution implicite (par exemple, la couche de Softmax dans les réseaux de neurones), avec des données aléatoires supposées concentrées. En particulier, la compréhension du comportement de ces matrices/méthodes, pour des données concentrées, nous permet de caractériser les performances (sur des données réelles si nous les assimilons à des vecteurs concentrés) de nombreux algorithmes d'apprentissage machine, tels que le clustering spectral, les SVM, l'analyse en composantes principales et l'apprentissage par transfert. L'analyse de ces méthodes pour des données concentrées donne le résultat surprenant qu'elles ont asymptotiquement le même comportement que pour les données de MMG. Ce résultat suggère fortement l'aspect d'universalité des grands classificateurs d'apprentissage machine par rapport à la distribution sous-jacente des données
AI nowadays relies largely on using large data and enhanced machine learning methods which consist in developing classification and inference algorithms leveraging large datasets of large sizes. These large dimensions induce many counter-intuitive phenomena, leading generally to a misunderstanding of the behavior of many machine learning algorithms often designed with small data dimension intuitions. By taking advantage of (rather than suffering from) the multidimensional setting, random matrix theory (RMT) is able to predict the performance of many non-linear algorithms as complex as some random neural networks as well as many kernel methods such as Support Vector Machines, semi-supervised classification, principal component analysis or spectral clustering. To characterize the performance of these algorithms theoretically, the underlying data model is often a Gaussian mixture model (GMM) which seems to be a strong assumption given the complex structure of real data (e.g., images). Furthermore, the performance of machine learning algorithms depends on the choice of data representation (or features) on which they are applied. Once again, considering data representations as Gaussian vectors seems to be quite a restrictive assumption. Relying on random matrix theory, this thesis aims at going beyond the simple GMM hypothesis, by studying classical machine learning tools under the hypothesis of Lipschitz-ally transformed Gaussian vectors also called concentrated random vectors, and which are more generic than Gaussian vectors. This hypothesis is particularly motivated by the observation that one can use generative models (e.g., GANs) to design complex and realistic data structures such as images, through Lipschitz-ally transformed Gaussian vectors. This notably suggests that making the aforementioned concentration assumption on data is a suitable model for real data and which is just as mathematically accessible as GMM models. Moreover, in terms of data representation, the concentration framework is compatible with one of the most widely used data representations in practice, namely deep neural nets (DNNs) representations, since they consist in a Lipschitz transformation of the input data (e.g., images). Therefore, we demonstrate through this thesis, leveraging on GANs, the interest of considering the framework of concentrated vectors as a model for real data. In particular, we study the behavior of random Gram matrices which appear at the core of various linear models, kernel matrices which appear in kernel methods and also classification methods which rely on an implicit solution (e.g., Softmax layer in neural networks), with concentrated random inputs. Indeed, these methods are at the heart of many classification, regression and clustering machine learning algorithms. In particular, understanding the behavior of these matrices/methods, for concentrated data, allows us to characterize the performances (on real data if we assimilate them to concentrated vectors) of many machine learning algorithms, such as spectral clustering, SVMs, principal component analysis and transfer learning. Analyzing these methods for concentrated data yields to the surprising result that they have asymptotically the same behavior as for GMM data (with the same first and second order statistics). This result strongly suggest the universality aspect of large machine learning classifiers w.r.t. the underlying data distribution

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Kiss, Jason William. "Theories of practice, the concept of practice in social theory." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2001. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/MQ57990.pdf.

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Alexander, Dorothy Jean. "Developmentally Appropriate Practice and Preschool Teachers' Perceptions| Theory Versus Practice." Thesis, Johnson & Wales University, 2014. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3621971.

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The National Association for the Education of Young Children (NAEYC) Position Statement of Developmentally Appropriate Practices (2009) serves as a pedagogical framework for best practice among early childhood educators. Developmentally Appropriate Practice (DAP) is guided by what is known about how children develop and learn. Teachers draw upon these principles to make decisions about planning experiences which promote learning and optimize children's growth. The DAP statement is accepted in the early childhood field as the standard by which quality early learning experiences are defined and is used as a guidepost for planning (Copple & Bredekamp, 2009).

Copple and Bredekamp (2009) state that "intentional teachers are purposeful and thoughtful about the actions they take, and they direct their teaching towards the goals the program is trying to help children reach" (p. 10).

This qualitative descriptive study explored preschool teachers' perceptions of DAP and their use of DAP in planning learning experiences. Semi-structured interviews and document analyses were utilized to examine potential gaps between preschool teachers' perceptions and more fully understand daily planning decisions related to DAP. Utilizing Rubin and Rubin's responsive interviewing model (2012), (N=7) degreed preschool teachers employed at NAEYC accredited group care facilities were interviewed. Findings revealed inconsistencies among teachers' descriptions of key learning experiences for preschool children, implementation of learning experiences, and planning practices, thus, indicating a disconnect between theory and DAP.

The findings of this study may benefit pre-service and in-service teacher training programs as well as administrators of childcare centers. It is useful in identifying ways in which preschool teachers' understandings of developmentally appropriate practice can be further supported and developmentally inappropriate perceptions can be challenged.

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Barbaresi, Mattia. "Computational mechanics: from theory to practice." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2018. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/15649/.

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In the last fifty years, computational mechanics has gained the attention of a large number of disciplines, ranging from physics and mathematics to biology, involving all the disciplines that deal with complex systems or processes. With ϵ-machines, computational mechanics provides powerful models that can help characterizing these systems. To date, an increasing number of studies concern the use of such methodologies; nevertheless, an attempt to make this approach more accessible in practice is lacking yet. Starting from this point, this thesis aims at investigating a more practical approach to computational mechanics so as to make it suitable for applications in a wide spectrum of domains. ϵ-machines are analyzed more in the robotics scene, trying to understand if they can be exploited in contexts with typically complex dynamics like swarms. Experiments are conducted with random walk behavior and the aggregation task. Statistical complexity is first studied and tested on the logistical map and then exploited, as a more applicative case, in the analysis of electroencephalograms as a classification parameter, resulting in the discrimination between patients (with different sleep disorders) and healthy subjects. The number of applications that may benefit from the use of such a technique is enormous. Hopefully, this work has broadened the prospect towards a more applicative interest.

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Brenner, Ulrich. "Theory and practice of VLSI placement." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2005. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=980166659.

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Schürmann, Klaus-Bernd. "Suffix arrays in theory and practice." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2007. http://bieson.ub.uni-bielefeld.de/volltexte/2007/1179/index.html.

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Reindorp, Matthew J. "Industrial flexibility in theory and practice." College Park, Md. : University of Maryland, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1903/9537.

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Thesis (Ph.D.) -- University of Maryland, College Park, 2009.
Thesis research directed by: Robert H. Smith School of Business. Dept. of Decision and Information Technologies . Title from t.p. of PDF. Includes bibliographical references. Published by UMI Dissertation Services, Ann Arbor, Mich. Also available in paper.

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Möller, Bodo. "Public key cryptography theory and practice /." [S.l. : s.n.], 2003. http://elib.tu-darmstadt.de/diss/000372.

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Boman, Anna, and Jonas Larsson. "Patent Valuation in Theory and Practice." Thesis, Linköping University, Department of Management and Economics, 2003. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-1578.

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Background: Today, an increased need to value patents is expressed in several different situations. For example, banks more frequently accept patents as collateral for loans and patents are being exchanged more often between companies. It is argued that a hindrance for the recognition of the value of patents, and other assets lacking physical form, is that the current methods of valuation are not developed for this type of assets.

Purpose: Our objective is to investigate the practical relevance of four theoretical valuation approaches in the context of patent valuation and to point out crucial factors affecting the choice of valuation approach.

Procedure: Interviews were conducted with professionals working in the field of corporate finance and with an expert in the field of patents and intellectual property rights.

Results: The respondents are not of the same opinion whether relevant approaches for patent valuation exist at all. Among the respondents who find it possible to value patents, the income approach is the dominating approach. The theoretical correctness of this approach, derived from the definition of value, is stressed as the primary argument for the use of it. Methods such as Decision Tree Analysis, within the income approach, and Relief from Royalty, a hybrid of the market- and income approach, are used as complements.

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Lindhe, Söderlund Lena. "Motivational Interviewing in Theory and Practice." Doctoral thesis, Linköpings universitet, Socialmedicin och folkhälsovetenskap, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-60330.

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An estimated 50% of mortality from the 10 leading causes of death is due to behaviour. Individuals can make important contributions to their own health by adopting health-related behaviours and avoiding others. Motivational interviewing (MI) has emerged as a counselling approach for behavioural change that builds on a patient empowerment perspective by supporting autonomy and self-efficacy. The overall aim of this thesis is to contribute to improved understanding of the different factors that impact on general health care professionals’ learning and practice of MI. Specific aims are; study I was to identify barriers, facilitators and modifiers to use MI with pharmacy clients in community pharmacies; study II was to identify barriers and facilitators to use MI with overweight and obese children in child welfare and school health services; study III was to evaluate the attitudes towards MI and clinical use of MI with children´s weight issues one year after child health care nurses’ participation in MI training; study IV was to systematically review studies that have evaluated the contents and outcomes of MI training for general health care professionals. Participants in study I were 15 community pharmacy pharmacists in Östergötland, Sweden. Participants in study II were five child welfare centre nurses from the county council and six municipally-employed school health service nurses, all from Östergötland, Sweden. Data for both studies were obtained through focus group interviews. Study III, participants were 76 nurses from child health care centres in Östergötland, Sweden. 1-year after MI training they answered a survey. Study IV, the material was 10 empirical studies that have evaluated different aspects of MI training. MI training for general health care providers is generally of short duration and tends to focus on specific topics such as diabetes, smoking, and alcohol. The training seems to contain more training on phase I elements, such as clients’ inner motivation, than on phase II, which involves strengthening clients’ commitment to change. MI is seen as practical and useful in work with lifestyle and health promotion issues, especially with issues that may be perceived as sensitive, such as alcohol and obesity. General health care providers have positive attitudes to MI and view MI as being compatible with their values and norms about how they want to work. Clients’ resistance reactions are difficult to handle in the first stages of learning MI, and may lead to frustration. Strategies to avoid resistance are including in the final stages of learning MI. Learning and clinical use of MI for general health care providers is influenced by interactions with their environment (colleagues, staff and organization). Unlearning of old knowledge can be a problem for general health care providers in the learning and clinical use of MI.

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Bothra, Shivani. "The Anuvrat Movement: Theory and Practice." FIU Digital Commons, 2013. http://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/825.

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The slogan: “Self-restraint is life,” forms the philosophical ideal behind the Anuvrat Movement. The purpose of my thesis is to evaluate the Anuvrat Movement introduced by Acharya Tulsi as a non-sectarian, ethical-spiritual movement. The study considered in some detail the historical context within which the movement emerged. The thesis provides a much-needed analysis of the 11 vows formulated by Tulsi in the model of the traditional vows in Jainism. It explored the question whether these vows are relevant and effective in the contemporary Indian society, and whether Tulsi’s movement can cross the geographical boundaries of the Indian sub-continent to be a part of larger global initiatives. The study explored the social significance of the concepts of nonviolence, social justice and sustainability in the wider global community. The study suggests a positive association between the exemplary charismatic role of a leader and the popularity and longevity of social movements in India.

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Clarke, Roger Anthony, and Roger Clarke@xamax com au. "Data Surveillance: Theory, Practice & Policy." The Australian National University. Faculty of Engineering and Information Technology, 1997. http://thesis.anu.edu.au./public/adt-ANU20031112.124602.

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Data surveillance is the systematic use of personal data systems in the investigation or monitoring of the actions or communications of one or more persons. This collection of papers was the basis for a supplication under Rule 28 of the ANU's Degree of Doctor of Philosophy Rules. The papers develop a body of theory that explains the nature, applications and impacts of the data processing technologies that support the investigation or monitoring of individuals and populations. Literature review and analysis is supplemented by reports of field work undertaken in both the United States and Australia, which tested the body of theory, and enabled it to be articulated. The research programme established a firm theoretical foundation for further work. It provided insights into appropriate research methods, and delivered not only empirically-based descriptive and explanatory data, but also evaluative information relevant to policy-decisions. The body of work as a whole provides a basis on which more mature research work is able to build.

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Gomez, Pamela E. "Literacy and equity, theory and practice." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/tape16/PQDD_0009/MQ29992.pdf.

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Grégoire, Stéphanie. "The dialectical tools : theory and practice." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape9/PQDD_0016/NQ47571.pdf.

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Seyed-Kalal, Sassan. "Designing urban parks, theory and practice." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2001. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/MQ58377.pdf.

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Samuelson, Peter L. "Moral imagination in theory and practice." unrestricted, 2007. http://etd.gsu.edu/theses/available/etd-04232007-151719/.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Georgia State University, 2007.
Title from file title page. Ann Cale Kruger, committee chair; Laura D. Fredrick, Amy R. Lederberg, John Suarey, committee members. Electronic text (129 p. : col. ill.) : digital, PDF file. Description based on contents viewed Oct. 25, 2007. Includes bibliographical references.

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Lindahl, Emmie, and John Sundqvist. "Green Worksite - in theory and practice." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för teknik och naturvetenskap, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-93057.

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This degree project is made in concordance with Skanska Hus Eastern Region situated in Linköping. Its aim is to be the leading company within its field. Main issues discussed within the company are: quality, environmentally adjusted construction, working environment and ethics. The aim of the report was to analyze Skanska’s ne west concept named Green Worksite. In order to achieve this goal a thorough examination of its environmental work has been performed. Leading figures within the company have described their environmental work to be “light green” at the moment but are aimin g to convert it to “dark green” in future. In concordance with this the work at Skanska is directed to become more environmentally friendly in the years to come. Green Worksite uses a point-based system, which strictly requires the workplaces to receive a certain score. In addition seven compulsory criteria have to be acquired for the concerns to be authorized. The degree project was divided into two parts. First we received five construction sites that we were to help in their process being authorized Green Worksites. Regarding construction sites, the focus was on the projection-, production- and establishment phase respectively. This generated collaboration between us and the local managers at each construction sites. The aim was to develop a project plan describing how the new requirements would be met. Since May 2010 all five construction sites included in the degree project are authorized Green Worksites. A customer survey is delivered to Skanska regarding their client´s view on the concept Green Worksite. At the same time science consistently indicates that we need to protect the natural resources and decrease energy consumption. One way to improve the situation is by reducing consumption and reusing old materials. We consider Green Worksite to be a good initiative with great potential to develop even further. Right now the criteria the concerns have to acquire to be authorized are easily passed and cannot be seen as a real challenge. But since the launching of the concept Green Worksite is still in its infancy it is a good way to get their employees both involved and engaged in these important environmental issues.
Det här examensarbetet har gjorts i samarbete med Skanska Hus region Öst som har kontor i Linköping. Deras förhoppning är att bli branschledande inom sina områden. Frågor som diskuteras aktivt inom företaget är kvalitet, miljöanpassat byggande, arbetsmiljö och etik. I rapporten har en djupdykning gjorts i ett av Skanskas nyaste koncept som de valt att kalla rön arbetsplats. Ledande personer inom företaget kallar dem i dagsläget för ljusgröna, men med målsättningen att bli mörkgröna. Vilket innebär att de i högre grad kommer att styra deras arbete mer åt det miljövänliga hållet i framtiden. Grön arbetsplats använder sig av ett poängbaserat system, vilket strikt kräver att arbetsplatserna kommer över en viss poäng. Till detta kommer dessutom att man ska uppfylla sju obligatoriska kriterier för att få bli godkänd. Arbetet som genomförts av oss kan delas in i två delar. Vi tilldelades fem byggarbetsplatser som av oss skulle lotsas fram till att uppnå status Grön arbetsplats. När det gäller just byggarbetsplatser berörs projekterings-, produktions- och etableringsfasen. Det innebar att ett samarbete mellan oss och platscheferna för respektive byggarbetsplats inleddes. Målsättningen var att arbeta fram en plan över hur de nya kraven skulle kunna uppnås. För att få reda på hur Grön arbetsplats uppfattas och värderas utifrån genomfördes till sist en undersökning bland Skanskas huvudkunder. De fem arbetsplatser vi arbetade med är sedan maj 2010 godkända som Gröna arbetsplatser , vilket var ett av de stora delmålen. En kundundersökning har även under hösten levererats till Skanska gällande deras kunders åsikter kring konceptet Grön arbetsplats. Forskning pekar samstämmigt mot att vi behöver värna om naturens resurser och energi. Ett sätt att förbättra den rådande situationen är genom att minska konsumtionen och återanvända gammalt material. Vi anser att Grön arbetsplats är ett bra initiativ med stor utvecklingspotential. I dagsläget är kraven för en godkänd arbetsplats relativt låga och kan knappt ses som en utmaning. Men med tanke på att lanseringen av begreppet fortfarande är i inledningsfasen är det här ett bra sätt att få sina anställda både delaktiga och engagerade.

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Samuelson, Peter Leland. "Moral Imagination in Theory and Practice." Digital Archive @ GSU, 2007. http://digitalarchive.gsu.edu/epse_diss/45.

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A review of the literature in several domains reveals that moral imagination plays a role in how we deliberate about moral issues and what motivates us to act in a moral way. This study begins by outlining an operational definition of moral imagination based largely on Dewey’s model of dramatic rehearsal (Dewey, 1922), along with an explication of the role of image schemas, metaphor, empathy, and narrative in moral imagination (Johnson, 1993) and an examination of how moral imagination develops through the lifespan. A review of the research of the components of moral imagination is included, especially in the literature of moral development, problem solving, and creativity, as well as a proposal of an avenue of research to advance the understanding of this vital and complex human capacity. The study continues with an investigation of a curriculum designed to foster the cognitive processing of empathic emotions stimulated by viewing film clips from Hollywood-produced films. The curriculum stimulates moral imagination by offering situations in which participants can place themselves and then discuss possible moral outcomes. The curriculum is thought to aid in the development of moral expertise by exposing participants to a perspective-taking script from childhood (Hoffman, 2000) and making that script chronically accessible to the participant (Lapsley & Narvaez, in press). Three hundred sixty-six students (grades third through eighth) enrolled in after-school programs in two rural Georgia counties were randomly assigned to either an intervention or control group. The content of the intervention was delivered in a 3-week period in one county and in a 9-week period in the other. Results indicate that the longer intervention produced more gains in moral theme recognition (MTI; Narvaez, Gleason, Mitchell, & Bentley, 1999) compared to the shorter intervention. Participants in the shorter intervention demonstrated an attraction to moral theme statements reflecting higher stages of moral reasoning after the intervention than before compared to a control group from the same county. While further study is warranted, it appears the curriculum initiated a transition to higher stage reasoning in some of the participants.

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Forsling, Oskar, and Daniel Jakobsson. "Land compensation – in theory and practice." Thesis, KTH, Fastigheter och byggande, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-124139.

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In order to satisfy the demands on our environment it’s essential that there are laws who regulates and makes it possible for the authorities to compulsory acquire land for the good of the public’s interest. The infrastructure connects different types of constructions and buildings and let the people travel between them. The infrastructure can also be used to transport different goods and natural resources, such as water supplies and electricity. Without this type of legislation, it would be difficult, time consuming and expensive to fulfill different kinds of projects. An example of this is the construction of a highway. In most cases it would cross a high number of properties where each owner had the power to exploit the monopoly situation to his or her own benefit, in order to either raise the price significantly or in other way impose their will. A district in the municipality of Huddinge was earlier designated for summer houses. When more and more owners started to live there permanently and the solution for the sewage system no longer was sustainable something had to be done. The municipality had more or less two choices, either to solve the problem by agreement with the property owners or to use the legislation to forcibly acquire land for the new sewage system and the new streets. The municipality tried to solve the problem by agreement and succeeded very well, only one property owner didn’t comply with the will of the municipality and turned the offer down. Since there are laws regarding the compensation for the land that can be compulsory acquired this should affect the outcome of an agreement. The purpose for this report is to compare the compensation given by the municipality according to the agreements to the compensation that would be given if the land was taken forcibly. The results show that the difference between the agreements between the municipality and each owner and if the land had been taken compulsory can vary much. In our assessment of the payments we can divide it in more or less two groups. In the first group, the difference is average, the span is 0 - 200 000 SEK. The second group has a larger difference, it ranges between 200 000 – 1 200 000 SEK. The second groups results varies more than in the first group with the spiking top of 1 200 000 SEK.
För att kunna tillfredsställa de krav som ställs på vår omgivning är det viktigt att det finns lagar och regler som gör det möjligt för myndigheter att tvångsvis förvärva mark för samhällsnyttiga funktioner och för de allmänna intressen som finns. En förutsättning för att ett samhälle ska fungera är bl.a. att infrastrukturen knyter samman bebyggelsen och låter människor kunna färdas från och till arbeten, naturresurser som vatten fördelas bland invånarna m.m. Utan denna typ av lagstiftning skulle det bli väldigt svårt, omfattande och dyrt att genomföra en mängd projekt. Som exempel kan en dragning av ny motorväg beskrivas. Denna kommer att korsa ett stort antal fastigheter där varje enskilt fastighetsägare skulle kunna se och utnyttja sin monopolsituation för att driva upp priset eller på andra sätt få fram sin vilja. I ett område i Huddinge kommun fanns det sedan tidigare ett fritidshusområde som skulle förtätas p.g.a. att fastighetsägarna börjat bo där permanent samt att avloppslösningen för området inte längre var hållbar. I det läget hade kommunen två val, antingen att förhandla med fastighetsägarna och nå en överenskommelse eller att utnyttja de lagar och regler som finns för att med tvång ta marken i anspråk. Kommunen försökte i första hand att lösa markförvärven genom överenskommelser. Kommunen lyckades bra och endast en av fastighetsägarna accepterade inte det avtal kommunen hade att erbjuda. Eftersom det finns lagar och regler angående tvångsförvärv av mark samt ersättningen för denna borde dessa påverka utgången av eventuella avtal som skrivs. Syftet med arbetet är att i planområdet i Huddinge jämföra ersättningen som gavs i praktiken enligt de avtal som skrevs och hur stor den skulle varit om marken istället hade tagits med tvång. Resultaten visar att skillnaden för ersättningsnivåerna mellan de avtal som kommunen upprättat och vår bedömning av tvångsreglerna varierar mycket. Lite grovt kan vi dela in ersättningsnivåerna i två delar. I den första är skillnaden mellan 0 – 200 000 kr. I den andra skiljer det sig lite mer, spannet är här 200 000 – 1 200 000 kr. I den sista är skillnaden också större, där skillnaden sticker iväg på vissa fastigheter.

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Firth, Rhiannon. "Critical utopian citizenship : theory and practice." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2010. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/11222/.

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This project seeks to bring a critical utopian methodology to bear upon the institution of citizenship in the hope of imagining a theoretical formulation that could encourage active, anti-hierarchical, participatory and empowering practices. The critical utopian approach disrupts conventional disciplinary boundaries, and allows theories and practices that would not normally be associated with citizenship to be brought into dialogue with the concept in thought and imagination, as part of a strategic intervention. This produces a perspective that is simultaneously estranging and creative, deconstructive and experimental. The body of the work considers three themes in particular: territory, authority and rights, which are frequently posited as foundational for politics and citizenship, and proceeds to deconstruct their dominant formulations by imagining an infinitely critical utopian ‘outside’. Diverse bodies of theory including post-structuralism, anarchism, post-structural and post-left anarchisms, ecology, critical geography and feminism are drawn upon to articulate critical utopias of space without territory, decision-making without authority and ethics without rights. The project then brings another ‘outside’ into dialogue with the theory: practices in what are termed ‘autonomous utopian communities’; including intentional communities, autonomous social centres, housing co-operatives and eco-villages. The aim of the project is to use a dialogue between critically resistant theories and practices to expose the obscured normative and indeed utopian foundations of many dominant theories of citizenship, and to consider the ethical and practical effects of hegemonic and truth-claiming discourses. The project also posits something different: a contingent and open-ended critical utopian citizenship that favours perspectival multiplicity, process over closure, and contingency over certainty, that can be engaged in by citizens and non-citizens in everyday life.

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Bolton, Jacqueline Louise. "Demarcating dramaturgy : mapping theory onto practice." Thesis, University of Leeds, 2011. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/3315/.

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'Dramaturgy' and the 'dramaturg' have entered the discourse of English theatre practitioners over the past two decades. For individuals working within subsidized building-based producing theatres, understandings and applications of dramaturgical practice have been significantly shaped by the structures and objectives of literary management - a role, established within the industry since the 1990s, dedicated to the development of new plays and playwrights. In Germany, the dramaturgical profession dates back to the latter half of the eighteenth century and, since the twentieth century, has held a remit inclined more towards the programming and production of theatre works than the developing and commissioning of new theatre writing. In Germany and across mainland Europe, dramaturgs hold a recognized position at the heart of producing structures; in England, the role and status of the dramaturg are less defined. Despite a decade or so of concerted explanation and exploration, the concept of dramaturgy continues to be met with indifference, principally associated with practices of literary management which, this thesis shall argue, risk eliding the critical and creative scope of dramaturgy as it is practised on the continent. Through an assessment of the cultural, philosophical and economic contexts which inform processes of theatre-making, this thesis seeks to articulate and analyse these contrasting practices of dramaturgy. Chapters One and Two focus upon contemporary definitions of dramaturgy in England, addressing the role of the dramaturg within new play development and analysing the impact that distinctions between 'script-led' and 'non-script-led' approaches to theatre have had upon the reception of dramaturgical practice. Chapters Three and Four then compare those aspects of German and English theatre practice which I believe critically determine the agency of a dramaturg within production processes. These aspects may be summarized respectively as, on a microlevel, the relationship between text and performance and, on a macro-level, the relationship between theatre and society. This thesis regards dramaturgy as a creative practice defined in relation to a shared set of attitudes towards the production and reception of theatre, and argues that a specifically dramaturgical contribution to theatremaking rests in this analysis of the dynamic between performance and spectator.

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Buchanan, Steven. "The information audit: theory versus practice." Thesis, University of Strathclyde, 2008. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.488844.

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The information audit (lA) provides a method to identify, evaluate, and manage an organisation's information resources. With such a central information management role, it might be reasonable to assume that the lA would be an accepted element of information management best practice, particularly given the growth of information based services, and growing recognition of information as a primary resource and tradable commodity.

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Mermikes, Milton. "Changes over time : Theory and practice." Thesis, University of Surrey, 2010. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.533198.

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Phillips, Jacqueline Roma. "The short story: theory and practice." Thesis, Lancaster University, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.493263.

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This thesis combines creative and critical writing in an inquiry into the short story as a distinctive form with its own narrative devices. The combination of creative and critical writing constitutes a discourse of poetics - that of a writer writing about her own creative work, and that of others. Therefore I would consider the entire thesis to be a poetics of practice. 1 am concerned with the form of the short story rather than with content although content will be referred to as appropriate to the analysis of my own compositional poetics, and that of other writers. It is intended that the collection of short stories reflect my own creative development and are therefore arranged in the order in which they were written.

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42

Othman, Abraham M. "Automated Market Making: Theory and Practice." Research Showcase @ CMU, 2012. http://repository.cmu.edu/dissertations/159.

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Market makers are unique entities in a market ecosystem. Unlike other participants that have exposure (either speculative or endogenous) to potential future states of the world, market making agents either endeavor to secure a risk-free profit or to facilitate trade that would otherwise not occur. In this thesis we present a principled theoretical framework for market making along with applications of that framework to different contexts. We begin by presenting a synthesis of two concepts—automated market making from the artificial intelligence literature and risk measures from the finance literature—that were developed independently. This synthesis implies that the market making agents we develop in this thesis also correspond to better ways of measuring the riskiness of a portfolio—an important application in quantitative finance. We then present the results of the Gates Hillman Prediction Market (GHPM), a fielded large-scale test of automated market making that successfully predicted the opening date of the new computer science buildings at CMU. Ranging over 365 possible opening days, the market’s large event partition required new advances like a novel span-based elicitation interface. The GHPM uncovered some practical flaws of automated market makers; we investigate how to rectify these failures by describing several classes of market makers that are better at facilitating trade in Internet prediction markets. We then shift our focus to notions of profit, and how a market maker can trade to maximize its own account. We explore applying our work to one of the largest and most heavily-traded markets in the world by recasting market making as an algorithmic options trading strategy. Finally, we investigate optimal market makers for fielding wagers when good priors are known, as in sports betting or insurance.

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Rabooy, M. E. M. S. "Islamic banking in theory and practice." Thesis, University of Exeter, 1988. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.234185.

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Clark, Alexander Simon. "Unsupervised language acquisition : theory and practice." Thesis, University of Sussex, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.394288.

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Cousins, Laura. "Marketing planning in theory and practice." Thesis, London Business School (University of London), 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.296594.

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Anwar, Ahmed Waqar. "Multiple equilibria in theory and practice." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.297967.

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Corner, Ann-Marie. "Circumplex models : theory, methodology and practice." Thesis, University of Exeter, 1993. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.356997.

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Rhodes, R. A. W. "Understanding intergovernmental relations : Theory and practice." Thesis, University of Essex, 1985. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.355657.

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Iozzi, Alberto. "Essays on regulation : theory and practice." Thesis, University of York, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.313959.

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Pongsaparn, Runchana. "Optimal monetary policy : theory and practice." Thesis, University of Bristol, 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.404151.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Theory and practice'

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