Academic literature on the topic 'Theories of Acting'
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Journal articles on the topic "Theories of Acting"
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Flaherty, Gloria. "Empathy and Distance: Romantic Theories of Acting Reconsidered." Theatre Research International 15, no. 2 (1990): 125–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0307883300009226.
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Works dealing with the actor proliferated during the early decades of German Romanticism. Actors had come to be viewed as role models whose very costumes, hairstyles, and mannerisms often influenced prevailing fashions or, at least, gave them specific labels from particular plays. Popular interest in everything having to do with people of the theatre was seconded by contemporary poets, playwrights, painters, philosophers, professors, and physicians. While some of their writings concentrated on historical and philosophical concerns, others investigated anthropological and psychiatric as well as medical ones. And contemporary actors themselves contributed publications about the ways, means, and consequences of playing roles in public.
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Prades, Josep L. "Acting Without Reasons." Disputatio 2, no. 23 (November 1, 2007): 229–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/disp-2007-0011.
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Abstract In this paper, I want to challenge some common assumptions in contemporary theories of practical rationality and intentional action. If I am right, the fact that our intentions can be rationalised is widely misunderstood. Normally, it is taken for granted that the role of rationalisations is to show the reasons that the agent had to make up her mind. I will argue against this. I do not object to the idea that acting intentionally is, at least normally, acting for reasons, but I will propose a teleological reading of the expression ‘for reasons.’ On this reading, it is quite possible to act for reasons without having reasons to act. In a similar way, paradigmatic cases of cogent practical reasoning do not require the transference of justification from the premises to the practical conclusion.
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Naremore, James. "Film Acting and the Arts of Imitation." Film Quarterly 65, no. 4 (2012): 34–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/fq.2012.65.4.34.
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Modern theories of acting follow Stanislavsky and emphasize emotional truthfulness achieved through self-expression, but an older tradition emphasizes technique and imitation and this emphasis is argued to be equally relevant to movie acting.
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Lentner, Simon D. "Quantum groups and Nichols algebras acting on conformal field theories." Advances in Mathematics 378 (February 2021): 107517. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.aim.2020.107517.
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Nagy, András. "Kierkegaard’s View on Theater “with Continual References” to Contemporary Theater Theories." Kierkegaard Studies Yearbook 27, no. 1 (July 14, 2022): 141–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/kierke-2022-0008.
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Abstract There are several reasons to explore the role theater played in the life of Søren Kierkegaard and in the inspiration for his works. There are probably more reasons to analyze the role Kierkegaard played for theater, both as a source of inspiration and as a thinker reflecting on different facets of drama, performance, and acting. In the present study I focus on the diversity and complexity of Kierkegaard’s views on theater to elaborate on the possible connections and types of influence he exercised on stage artists and theorists, shaping our contemporary theater theories. Approaches include literature, philosophy, theology, staging, acting, audience, and the history of theater, both in Kierkegaard’s times and later.
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Chen, Charles P., and Komila Jagtiani. "Helping actors improve their career well-being." Australian Journal of Career Development 30, no. 1 (March 24, 2021): 55–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1038416220983945.
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It is generally assumed that visible actors in the performing arts industry maintain overall wellness despite the knowledge that an actor’s life is often characterized by instability. While an actor’s performance is often critiqued subjectively and critically, the variety of occupational risks associated with an actor’s well-being is less closely examined. Prior research suggests those working within the acting profession experience significant levels of distress. As a result, this article, first, aims to address the issues confronting the actor, in particular, anxiety associated with erratic employment, vulnerability to adverse working conditions, and conflict in identity owing to the impact of acting coupled with the effect of economic insecurity. Second, the paper follows with a consideration of key counselling theories to help strengthen this diverse group’s personal well-being and career prospects. By examining counselling interventions, the application of these theories can allow actors to develop optimally in acting industries worldwide.
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KUBOTA, TAKAHIRO, and YI-XIN CHENG. "RENORMALIZATION GROUP AND VIRASORO CONSTRAINTS IN LIOUVILLE FIELD THEORIES." Modern Physics Letters A 06, no. 25 (August 20, 1991): 2289–300. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217732391002682.
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The idea of Wilson's renormalization group is applied to the 2-dimensional Liouville theory coupled to matter fields. The Virasoro structures including those of Liouville field are explicitly derived at the fixed point of the renormalization group flow. The Virasoro operators are transformed into another set of Virasoro operators acting in the target space and it is argued that the latter could be interpreted as those discovered recently in matrix models.
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Smithurst, Michael. "Do the Successes of Technology Evidence the Truth of Theories?" Royal Institute of Philosophy Supplement 38 (March 1995): 19–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1358246100007268.
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Borrowing perhaps from mathematics, there is a custom of speaking of science as pure science and applied. Platonism, and other classical positions in the philosophy of mathematics, did not think of the applications of mathematics as a test of the truth of its theorems. 1 But the picture is otherwise for science and technology. It is initially tempting to say that the theories of pure science are empirical generalizations and that the applications of these theories in the makings and doings of technology, accordingly as they succeed or fail, test the theories. Qualifying factors and counter-acting causalities needing to be allowed for, falsification will not be immediate, but inexplicable and apparently irremediable technological failure is likely to be taken as falsifying a theory, and a continued and expanding pattern of technological achievement, a triumph of technology, as the superannuated trope has it, will be taken as a confirmation of a theory, from the inductivist perspective, adding in spadesful to the evidence for its truth.
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Zhang, Rui, and Tao Yu. "New Solution and Application of the Theory of “Acting According to Time”." Proceedings of Anticancer Research 5, no. 5 (September 24, 2021): 1–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.26689/par.v5i5.2503.
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From the perspective of theoretical analysis, based on the annotation of ancient doctors on the theory of “acting according to time,” this article puts forward the view of “time”; that is, the impact of the social environment on the occurrence and development of diseases. In addition, it points out that the characteristics of modern diseases are of “multiple heat syndromes and multiple repletion pattern.” Based on this characteristic, the use of heat-clearing drugs in the clinical stage would have a good effect. It has been suggested that contemporary doctors should not only inherit the theories from predecessors, but also think diligently and innovate bravely along with the current environment in order to ensure that the theories of TCM are constantly full of vitality to better serve the clinical aspect.
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Gartner, William B., Barbara J. Bird, and Jennifer A. Starr. "Acting as If: Differentiating Entrepreneurial from Organizational Behavior." Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice 16, no. 3 (April 1992): 13–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/104225879201600302.
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This paper suggests that entrepreneurship is the process of “emergence.” An organizational behavior perspective on entrepreneurship would focus on the process of organizational emergence. The usefulness of the emergence metaphor is explored through an exploration of two questions that are the focus of much of the research in organizational behavior: “What do persons in organizations do?” (we will explore this question by looking at research and theory on the behaviors of managers), and “Why do they do what they do?” (ditto for motivation). The paper concludes with some implications for using the idea of emergence as a way to connect theories and methodologies from organizational behavior to entrepreneurship.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Theories of Acting"
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Johnston, Daniel Waycott. "Active Metaphysics: Acting as Manual Philosophy or Phenomenological Interpretations of Acting Theory." University of Sydney, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/3984.
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PhDThis thesis considers actors as ‘manual philosophers’; it engages the proposition that acting can reveal aspects of existence and Being. In this sense, forms of acting that analyse and engage with lived experience of the world offer a phenomenological approach to the problem of Being. But rather than arrive at abstract, general conclusions about the human subject’s relationship to the world, at least some approaches to acting investigate the structures of experience through those experiences themselves in a lived, physical way. I begin with the troubled relationship between philosophy and theatre and briefly consider the history of attacks on actors. I suggest that at the heart of antitheatricality is what Jonas Barish (1981: 3) calls ‘ontological queasiness’: theatre poses a problem in the distinction between ‘what is’ and ‘what is not’. Turning to phenomenology as a particular way of doing philosophy that challenges any dualistic understanding of subjectivity, I reflect on Martin Heidegger’s Being and Time as a lens for viewing the process of performing and preparing for a role. Heidegger emphasises the intermeshed relationship between the human subject, Dasein (Being-there), and the world to the point that it is impossible to consider one without the other. I have chosen three of the most influential theatre and acting theorists of the twentieth century and examine how each uncovers aspects of existence that are presented in Heidegger’s phenomenology. Firstly, I consider Constantin Stanislavski’s ‘system’ which emphasises action for a purpose within an environment, the individual’s relationship to objects in the world and its involvement with other people who share the same type of Being in the world. Secondly, I examine Antonin Artaud’s conception of theatre that seeks to resist the structures of Being, the way the world is interpreted by others (the ‘They’) and the way that the world gets handed over to consciousness for the most part. In many respects, Artaud’s theatre is the embodiment of Anxiety, a world-revealing state where Being becomes apparent. Thirdly, I discuss Bertolt Brecht’s theatre practice as an attestation to authenticity (a truthful engagement with human existence as possibility) through the medium of performance. Brecht seeks to engage audiences in philosophical debate and change the world. Like Heidegger, Brecht also stresses the historical and temporal constitution of the human subject, whilst emphasising practicality in theatre making. By examining these approaches to performance as case studies, this thesis rethinks the notional intersection of philosophy and theatre, concentrating on process rather than literary analysis. This application of phenomenology is new in that it does not merely consider theatre analysis from an ‘ideal’ audience point of view (i.e. provide a phenomenology of theatre). By focusing on acting, I emphasise the development of artistic creation and becoming, and show how certain types of acting are phenomenological. The bold upshot here is a conception of philosophy that acknowledges various theatre practices as embodied forms of philosophical practice. Furthermore, theatre might well be thought of as phenomenological because it can be an investigation of Being firmly entrenched in practical action and performance. Conversely, philosophy is more than just words on a page; it is a performed activity. Actors can be considered manual philosophers in so far as they engage with the problem of Being not in mere abstraction but in the practical challenges of performance.
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Johnston, Daniel Waycott. "Active Metaphysics: Acting as Manual Philosophy or Phenomenological Interpretations of Acting Theory." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/3984.
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This thesis considers actors as ‘manual philosophers’; it engages the proposition that acting can reveal aspects of existence and Being. In this sense, forms of acting that analyse and engage with lived experience of the world offer a phenomenological approach to the problem of Being. But rather than arrive at abstract, general conclusions about the human subject’s relationship to the world, at least some approaches to acting investigate the structures of experience through those experiences themselves in a lived, physical way. I begin with the troubled relationship between philosophy and theatre and briefly consider the history of attacks on actors. I suggest that at the heart of antitheatricality is what Jonas Barish (1981: 3) calls ‘ontological queasiness’: theatre poses a problem in the distinction between ‘what is’ and ‘what is not’. Turning to phenomenology as a particular way of doing philosophy that challenges any dualistic understanding of subjectivity, I reflect on Martin Heidegger’s Being and Time as a lens for viewing the process of performing and preparing for a role. Heidegger emphasises the intermeshed relationship between the human subject, Dasein (Being-there), and the world to the point that it is impossible to consider one without the other. I have chosen three of the most influential theatre and acting theorists of the twentieth century and examine how each uncovers aspects of existence that are presented in Heidegger’s phenomenology. Firstly, I consider Constantin Stanislavski’s ‘system’ which emphasises action for a purpose within an environment, the individual’s relationship to objects in the world and its involvement with other people who share the same type of Being in the world. Secondly, I examine Antonin Artaud’s conception of theatre that seeks to resist the structures of Being, the way the world is interpreted by others (the ‘They’) and the way that the world gets handed over to consciousness for the most part. In many respects, Artaud’s theatre is the embodiment of Anxiety, a world-revealing state where Being becomes apparent. Thirdly, I discuss Bertolt Brecht’s theatre practice as an attestation to authenticity (a truthful engagement with human existence as possibility) through the medium of performance. Brecht seeks to engage audiences in philosophical debate and change the world. Like Heidegger, Brecht also stresses the historical and temporal constitution of the human subject, whilst emphasising practicality in theatre making. By examining these approaches to performance as case studies, this thesis rethinks the notional intersection of philosophy and theatre, concentrating on process rather than literary analysis. This application of phenomenology is new in that it does not merely consider theatre analysis from an ‘ideal’ audience point of view (i.e. provide a phenomenology of theatre). By focusing on acting, I emphasise the development of artistic creation and becoming, and show how certain types of acting are phenomenological. The bold upshot here is a conception of philosophy that acknowledges various theatre practices as embodied forms of philosophical practice. Furthermore, theatre might well be thought of as phenomenological because it can be an investigation of Being firmly entrenched in practical action and performance. Conversely, philosophy is more than just words on a page; it is a performed activity. Actors can be considered manual philosophers in so far as they engage with the problem of Being not in mere abstraction but in the practical challenges of performance.
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Turri, Maria Grazia. "A psychoanalytic perspective on theories of spectator-character and actor-character identification in the theatre." Thesis, University of Exeter, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10871/18738.
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From Aristotle’s theory of tragic katharsis to Brecht’s formulation of the Verfremdungseffekt, theorists of the theatre have long engaged with the question of what spectatorship entails. Such question has, directly or indirectly, extended to the investigation of acting. In the wake of Brecht’s critique of conventional theatre, emphasis has been put on the study of spectatorship from the point of view of its cultural determinants and its conscious cognitive aspects, while unconscious processes have been mostly ignored. In this thesis I take a psychoanalytic perspective to analyse theories of the theatre that have investigated the process of identification of the spectator or the actor with the character. According to psychoanalysis, mechanisms of unconscious identification, such as projection and introjection, are fundamental to psychic development and to the construction of the self. By analysing Aristotle’s theory of tragic katharsis through Freud’s theory of transference, I propose a new understanding of spectatorship as transference dynamic. I then conduct an in-depth enquiry into eighteenth-century theories of acting which lead up to Diderot’s Paradoxe sur le comédien. I investigate the paradox of the actor, in its fruitful tension between sensibility and understanding, from the perspective of Melanie Klein’s concept of unconscious phantasy and Bion’s theory of alpha-function. I hence interpret the art of the actor as the performing of alpha-function on the spectator’s unconscious emotions. The new insights afforded by a psychoanalytic perspective of spectating and acting illuminate the moral function of theatre and resolve some of the controversial points brought forward by various theorists, including Brecht and Rousseau. The moral function of theatre can be construed as a transpersonal process in which unconscious identifications between spectator and actor promote the development of a reflective view of the self.
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Hala, Suzanne Marie Pauline. "Acting upon versus telling about false-beliefs : a comparison of two procedures for accessing young children's early theories of mind." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/28230.
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This report is intended to help arbitrate the unsettled matter of when in the course of their early cognitive development children first evidence some "theory-like" understanding of their own and others' mental lives. To this end, this study directly compared results obtained through the administration of two competing assessment procedures, each of which has been used to support conflicting claims regarding the earliest age at which children first evidence an understanding of the possibility of false beliefs.
A substantial body of recent research has contributed to a growing, but perhaps premature consensus that children under 4 years of age do not recognize the possibility of counterfactual beliefs in others and consequently lack any early theory of mind. Much of the evidence in support of this late-onset view is based upon the use of an "unexpected change" task developed by Wimmer and Perner (1983) in which children are asked to predict where an inadequately informed story character will search for an object. In contrast to these findings results obtained using a recently developed hide-and-seek task, which directly assessed children's abilities to generate misleading clues in order to produce a false-belief in another, offered strong support for a much earlier-onset position (Chandler, Fritz & Hala, in press). Despite strong methodologic reasons in favour of accepting the results of this investigation the possibility remained that the 3-year-olds in the Chandler et al. study were a special population that might also have succeeded in the unexpected change task had they been given it. To guard against this possibility the present study provided a within-subject comparison of both the unexpected change procedure and the newer hide-and-seek procedure based on the responses of 30 children ages 3.0, 3.5 and 4.0 years. A further test of false-belief understanding was provided by asking subjects to comment directly upon their opponent's belief based on subjects' own misleading actions. As predicted even young 3-year-olds demonstrated the ability to provide misleading clues to their opponent but when faced with the unexpected change task these youngest subjects performed poorly. When responding to the false-belief question based on their own deceptive actions, however, even these youngest subjects showed strong evidence of understanding the possibility of false beliefs in others.Arts, Faculty of
Psychology, Department of
Graduate
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Costa, S?rgio Araujo da. "Controle Interno e Avalia??o de Desempenho em Centros de Responsabilidade: um estudo de caso." Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, 2003. https://tede.ufrrj.br/jspui/handle/tede/960.
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Previous issue date: 2007-02-28This work was accomplished with the objective of exploring the literature regarding the planning and managerial control, mainly, evidencing the organized structures in units of business, approaching their systems of acting evaluation and the indicators more used, trying to relate them to the control structure implemented by a bank under state control, as well as the measures adopted to evaluate their employees acting. Those structures are being the form adopted by several companies to increase her competitive capacity more and more in an atmosphere dynamic, where the answer speed to the changes is critical factor for the success of their activities. To the they understand that the financial measures of acting possess limitations that restrict her use as only representative parameter of the acting of the units of businesses, the companies are looking for to identify another measured of acting that they can complement the financial ones, in the sense of feeling to the high administration an including vision of the acting of those units of businesses. Before this picture, lo research as the companies measures the financial result of their units of businesses and that measured no financial they are used to complement the attendance of the acting of the units of businesses is the objective that she look for to reach with this case study. The used methodology was the one of case study through observation of the reality and oU exam oU documents of the company. In the analysis of the case it tried to compare the planning practices and control used by the bank with the referred theoretical base. The results confirmed the presence oU inherent limitations to the financial measures, be for her nature, be for her calculation form, and they appeared, among other evidences, the use of he ret um ou investment and oU tu e economi evalue added as measures including of that acting. The measures also verified the use oU measures no financial oU acting, as iniddle oU looking for au including attendance of the acting oU the units oU businesses.
Este trabalho foi realizado com o objetivo de explorar a literatura referente ao planejamento e controle gerenciais, principalmente, evidenciando as estruturas organizadas em unidades de neg?cio, abordando seus sistemas de avalia??o de desempenho e os indicadores mais utilizados, procurando relacion?-los ? estrutura de controle implementada por um banco sob controle estatal, bem como as medidas adotadas para avaliar o desempenho de seus empregados. Aquelas estruturas v?m sendo a forma adotada por diversas empresas para aumentar sua capacidade competitiva num ambiente cada vez mais din?mico, onde a velocidade de resposta ?s mudan?as ? fator cr?tico para o sucesso de suas atividades. Ao entenderem que as medidas financeiras de desempenho possuem limita??es que restringem sua utiliza??o como ?nico par?metro representativo do desempenho das unidades de neg?cios, as empresas v?m buscando identificar outras medidas de desempenho que possam complementar as financeiras, no sentido de dar-se ? alta administra??o uma vis?o mais abrangente do desempenho daquelas unidades de neg?cios. Diante deste quadro, pesquisar como as empresas mensuram o resultado financeiro de suas unidades de neg?cios e que medidas n?o financeiras s?o utilizadas para complementar o acompanhamento do desempenho das unidades de neg?cios ? o objetivo que se busca atingir com este estudo de caso. A metodologia utilizada foi a de estudo de caso atrav?s de observa??o da realidade e de exame de documentos da empresa. Na an?lise do caso procurou-se comparar as pr?ticas de planejamento e controle utilizadas pelo banco com a base te?rica referenciada. Os resultados confirmaram a presen?a de limita??es inerentes ?s medidas financeiras quer por sua natureza, quer por sua forma de c?lculo, e apontaram, entre outras evid?ncias, a utiliza??o do retorno sobre investimento e do valor econ?mico agregado como medidas mais abrangente desse desempenho. A pesquisa tamb?m constatou a utiliza??o de medidas n?o financeiras de desempenho, como meio de buscar uma monitora??o mais abrangente do desempenho das unidades de neg?cios.
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Sardiña, Sebastian. "IndiGolog, execution of Guarded Action Theories." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape3/PQDD_0013/MQ53390.pdf.
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Turner, Charles Hudson. "Causal action theories and satisfiability planning /." Digital version accessible at:, 1998. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/utexas/main.
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Barber, Andrew G. "Linear type theories, semantics and action calculi." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/392.
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this thesis, we study linear type-theories and their semantics. We present a general framework for such type-theories, and prove certain decidability properties of its equality. We also present intuitionistic linear logic and Milner's action calculi as instances of the framework, and use our results to show decidability of their respective equality judgements. Firstly, we motivate our development by giving a split-context logic and type-theory, called dual intuitionistic linear logic (DILL), which is equivalent at the level of term equality to the familiar type-theory derived from intuitionistic linear logic (ILL). We give a semantics for the type-theory DILL, and prove soundness and completeness for it; we can then deduce these results for the type-theory ILL by virtue of our translation. Secondly, we generalise DILL to obtain a general logic, type-theory and semantics based on an arbitrary set of operators, or general natural deduction rules. We again prove soundness and completeness results, augmented in this case by an initiality result. We introduce Milner's action calculi, and present example instances of our framework which are isomorphic to them. We extend this isomorphism to three significant higher-order variants of the action calculi, having functional properties, and compare the induced semantics for these action calculi with those given previously. Thirdly, motivated by these functional extensions, we define higher-order instances of our general framework, which are equipped with functional structure, proceeding as before to give logic, type-theory and semantics. We show that the logic and type-theory DILL arise as a higher-order instance of our general framework. We then define the higher-order extension of any instance of our framework, and use a Yoneda lemma argument to show that the obvious embedding from an instance into its higher-order extension is conservative. This has the corollary that the embeddings from the action calculi into the higher-order action calculi are all conservative, extending a result of Milner. Finally, we introduce relations, a syntax derived from proof-nets, for our general framework, and use them to show that certain instances of our framework, including some higher-order instances, have decidable equality judgements. This immediately shows that the equalities of DILL, ILL, the action calculi and the higher-order action calculi are decidable.
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Turlier, Hervé. "Shaping the cell : theories of active membranes." Paris 6, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA066685.
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The surface of animal cells is a thin layer composed of a lipid bilayer and a cytoskeleton. Cells control their shape dynamically by remodeling their cytoskeleton via active processes. In a first part, we consider the actomyosin cortex and its role in cytokinesis, the last stage of cell division. We formulate a viscous-active membrane mechanical theory of the cortical layer. The Lagrangian formulation of the theory is implemented numerically to study large cortical deformations during cytokinesis. We show that an equatorial band of myosin overactivity is sufficient to reproduce the formation and ingression of a cleavage furrow. We predict cytokinesis above a well-defined threshold of equatorial contractility and propose a physical explanation of the independence of cytokinesis duration on cell size in embryos. Scaling arguments are proposed as a simple interpretation of the numerical results and unveil a key mechanism: cytoplasmic incompressibility results in a competition between the furrow line tension and the cell poles surface tension. In the second part, we study the red-blood cell membrane and propose a model for its active fluctuations. We consider both the thermal fluctuations of the lipid bilayer and the chemical fluctuations of the spectrin skeleton anchoring to the lipid bilayer. The constant supply of ATP, by weakening this anchoring, is proposed to give rise to extra-fluctuations of the membrane. These non-equilibrium fluctuations violate the fluctuation-dissipation theorem, in agreement with experimental measurements, thereby exhibiting the living nature of the red-blood cellLa surface des cellules animales est composée d'une bicouche lipidique et d'un cytosquelette. Les cellules contrôlent leur forme en remodelant leur cytosquelette par des processus actifs. Nous considérons tout d'abord le cortex d'actomyosine et son rôle lors la cytocinèse, dernière étape de la division cellulaire. Nous formulons une théorie mécanique de membrane de la couche corticale active et visqueuse. La formulation Lagrangienne de la théorie est implémentée numériquement pour étudier la cytocinèse en régime de larges déformations. Nous montrons qu'une bande d'hyperactivité de la myosine à l'équateur de la cellule suffit à reproduire la formation et la contraction du sillon de division. Nous prédisons le succès de la cytocinèse au delà d'un certain seuil de contractilité équatoriale et proposons une explication physique de l'indépendance de la durée de contraction avec la taille d'un embryon. Des arguments d'échelle permettent d'interpréter les résultats numériques et révèlent un mécanisme clé: l'incompressibilité du cytoplasme induit une compétition entre la tension de ligne du sillon et la tension de surface aux pôles. Nous étudions ensuite la membrane du globule rouge et proposons un modèle pour ses fluctuations actives. Nous considérons à la fois les fluctuations thermiques de la membrane et les fluctuations chimiques de l'ancrage des filaments de spectrine dans la membrane. Un apport constant d'ATP, en affaiblissant cet ancrage, est la source de fluctuations supplémentaires dans la membrane. Ces fluctuations hors-équilibre violent le théorème de fluctuation-dissipation, en accord avec les résultats expérimentaux, signe que les globules rouges sont vivants
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Khan, Muhammad Sikandar Lal. "Presence through actions : theories, concepts, and implementations." Doctoral thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för tillämpad fysik och elektronik, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-138280.
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During face-to-face meetings, humans use multimodal information, including verbal information, visual information, body language, facial expressions, and other non-verbal gestures. In contrast, during computer-mediated-communication (CMC), humans rely either on mono-modal information such as text-only, voice-only, or video-only or on bi-modal information by using audiovisual modalities such as video teleconferencing. Psychologically, the difference between the two lies in the level of the subjective experience of presence, where people perceive a reduced feeling of presence in the case of CMC. Despite the current advancements in CMC, it is still far from face-to-face communication, especially in terms of the experience of presence. This thesis aims to introduce new concepts, theories, and technologies for presence design where the core is actions for creating presence. Thus, the contribution of the thesis can be divided into a technical contribution and a knowledge contribution. Technically, this thesis details novel technologies for improving presence experience during mediated communication (video teleconferencing). The proposed technologies include action robots (including a telepresence mechatronic robot (TEBoT) and a face robot), embodied control techniques (head orientation modeling and virtual reality headset based collaboration), and face reconstruction/retrieval algorithms. The introduced technologies enable action possibilities and embodied interactions that improve the presence experience between the distantly located participants. The novel setups were put into real experimental scenarios, and the well-known social, spatial, and gaze related problems were analyzed. The developed technologies and the results of the experiments led to the knowledge contribution of this thesis. In terms of knowledge contribution, this thesis presents a more general theoretical conceptual framework for mediated communication technologies. This conceptual framework can guide telepresence researchers toward the development of appropriate technologies for mediated communication applications. Furthermore, this thesis also presents a novel strong concept – presence through actions - that brings in philosophical understandings for developing presence- related technologies. The strong concept - presence through actions is an intermediate-level knowledge that proposes a new way of creating and developing future 'presence artifacts'. Presence- through actions is an action-oriented phenomenological approach to presence that differs from traditional immersive presence approaches that are based (implicitly) on rationalist, internalist views.
Books on the topic "Theories of Acting"
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1947-, Zarrilli Phillip B., ed. Acting (re)considered: Theories and practices. London: Routledge, 1995.
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Graham, Ley, ed. Modern theories of performance: From Stanislavski to Boal. Hampshire: Palgrave, 2001.
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Cole, Toby. Actors on acting: The theories, techniques, and practices of the world's great actors, told in their own words. 4th ed. New York: Crown Trade Paperbacks, 1995.
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Thielscher, Michael. Challenges for action theories. Berlin: Springer, 2000.
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Thielscher, Michael. Challenges for action theories. Berlin: Springer, 2000.
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Thielscher, Michael. Challenges for action theories. Berlin: Springer, 2000.
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Reisman, David. Theories of Collective Action. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230389977.
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Thielscher, Michael. Challenges for Action Theories. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/3-540-45596-5.
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Willie, Charles Vert. Theories of human social action. Dix Hills, NY: General Hall, Inc., 1994.
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Globalizing cultures: Theories, paradigms, actions. Leiden: Brill, 2015.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Theories of Acting"
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Hausman, Dan. "What are General Equilibrium Theories?" In Acting and Reflecting, 107–14. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-2476-5_8.
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Roznowski, Rob. "IM in Other Psychological Theories." In Inner Monologue in Acting, 179–90. New York: Palgrave Macmillan US, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9781137354297_20.
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Burns, Edward. "Ancient Theories of Character." In Character: Acting and Being on the Pre-Modern Stage, 18–38. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-09594-0_2.
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Traverso, Paolo, Luca Spalazzi, and Fausto Giunchiglia. "Reasoning about acting, sensing and failure handling: A logic for agents embedded in the real world." In Intelligent Agents II Agent Theories, Architectures, and Languages, 65–78. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/3540608052_59.
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Mager, Robert. "Action Theories." In The Wiley-Blackwell Companion to Practical Theology, 255–65. Oxford, UK: Wiley-Blackwell, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781444345742.ch24.
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Herzig, Andreas, Emiliano Lorini, and Nicolas Troquard. "Action Theories." In Introduction to Formal Philosophy, 591–607. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-77434-3_33.
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Tedeschi, James T., and Richard B. Felson. "Criminological theories." In Violence, aggression, and coercive actions., 127–52. Washington: American Psychological Association, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/10160-005.
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Graham, Ian D., Jacqueline Tetroe, and the KT Theories Group. "Planned action theories." In Knowledge Translation in Health Care, 277–87. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118413555.ch26.
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Burke, Derek. "Theories of Action." In How Doctors Think and Learn, 81–88. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-46279-6_11.
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Burke, Roger Hopkins. "Situational action theories." In An Introduction to Criminological Theory, 344–56. Fifth edition. | Abingdon, Oxon ; New York, NY : Routledge, 2019.: Routledge, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315204871-20.
Full textConference papers on the topic "Theories of Acting"
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Harutyunyan, S., D. J. Hasanyan, and R. B. Davis. "Buckling of Stiffened Curved Panels and Cylindrical Shells: A Study of Comparison Among Various Theories." In ASME 2012 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2012-88380.
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Formulation is derived for buckling of the circular cylindrical shell with multiple orthotropic layers and eccentric stiffeners acting under axial compression, lateral pressure, and/or combinations thereof, based on Sanders-Koiter theory. Buckling loads of circular cylindrical laminated composite shells are obtained using Sanders-Koiter, Love, and Donnell shell theories. These theories are compared for the variations in the stiffened cylindrical shells. To further demonstrate the shell theories for buckling load, the following particular case has been discussed: Cross-Ply with N odd (symmetric) laminated orthotropic layers. For certain cases the analytical buckling loads formula is derived for the stiffened isotropic cylindrical shell, when the ratio of the principal lamina stiffness is F = E2/E1 = 1. Due to the variations in geometrical and physical parameters in theory, meaningful general results are complicated to present. Accordingly, specific numerical examples are given to illustrate application of the proposed theory and derived analytical formulas for the buckling loads. The results derived herein are then compared to similar published work.
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Onishi, Hajime, Tomoya Kitamoto, Tsuyoshi Maeda, Hideki Shimohara, Hirochika Tanigawa, and Katsuya Hirata. "Added-Mass and Viscous-Damping Forces Acting on Various Oscillating 3D Objects." In ASME 2014 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2014-28637.
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In many fluid-structure-interaction problems, the “added mass”, “inertial mass”, “virtual mass”, “carried mass” or “induced mass” is one of important interests. In the present study, the authors propose a simple and efficient method to specify fluid-force coefficients of an oscillating object in stationary fluid. In this method, the authors consider incompressible-and-viscous fluid under the assumption of an infinitesimal oscillation amplitude of a three-dimensional object, and properly modify the Navier-Stokes equations into linear equations, namely, the Brinkman equations. The solving method is based on a discrete singularity method, one of the boundary methods. Furthermore, the authors conduct experiments, in addition to computations. In order to confirm the method’s effectivity and validity, the authors compute a sphere, comparing our computations to theories and experiments which show good agreement.
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Teodorescu, Mircea, Stephanos Theodossiades, and Homer Rahnejat. "Nano-Scale Impact Characteristics of Rough Surfaces in Humid Atmosphere With Full or Partial SAM Protection." In ASME 2008 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2008-49949.
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The impact dynamics of micro-scale mechanisms deviates from the classical theories applied to traditional macro-systems, This is because of multiplicity of forces acting in nano-scale contacts, which have negligible effect at the larger scale. A fundamental understanding of these forces and their interplay is required to advise design of such mechanisms based on fundamental physics. The paper highlights the significance of some of these forces and circumstances where their influence becomes significant.
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Riyad, Iftekhar A., and Uttam K. Chakravarty. "An Analysis of Harmonic Airloads Acting on Helicopter Rotor Blades." In ASME 2018 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2018-86625.
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Rotary wing aircrafts in any flight conditions suffer from excessive vibration which makes the passengers feel uncomfortable and causes fatigue failure in the structure. The main sources of vibration are the rotor harmonic airloads which originate primarily from the rapid variation of flow around the blade due to the vortex wake. Unlike fixed wing aircrafts, helicopter wake consists of helical vortex sheets trailed behind each blade and remains under the rotor disk which induces vertical downwash velocities at chordwise and spanwise stations of the blade. In this study, a mathematical model is developed for rotor blades to compute the harmonic loads induced velocity at rotor blades for two flight conditions-vertical takeoff and landing, and forward flight. This method is useful for the performance analysis of rotor blade and selection of airfoils for the blade. The sectional lift, drag, and pitching moment are computed at a radial blade station for both flight conditions. The numerical integration of Biot-Savart relation are done for all the trailing and shed vortices to calculate the downwash through the rotor disc. The airloads are calculated using the relation between harmonic and inflow coefficients. The lift at a particular radial station is computed considering trailing and shed vortices and summing over each blade. Lifting-surface and lifting-line theories are applied to near wake and far wake, respectively, to calculate the downwash and inflow through the rotor disc. The results for lift are compared to the experimental flight-test data.
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Giannakos, Konstantinos. "The Use of Strain Attenuating Tie Pads and Its Influence on the Rail Seat Load in Heavy-Haul Railroads." In 2010 Joint Rail Conference. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/jrc2010-36075.
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In Greece, during the 1980’s, 60% of the twin-block concrete ties designed for 200 km/h, which were laid on a track with maximum operational speed of 140 km/h, presented serious cracks. The existing theories, in the French, German and American bibliographies, could not justify the appearance of these cracks since the calculated actions on the rail seat of the ties were much lower than the limit values of the regulations. This paper presents a model for the determination of the load acting on the rail seat of the ties in relation to the fluctuation of the substructure stiffness coefficient. The basic parameters influencing the estimation of the rail seat load — considering the most adverse conditions of a railway network — are investigated, and a methodology for calculating the load undertaken by each rail seat is presented. Numerical applications on twin-block and monoblock ties are presented, including the use of strain attenuating tie pads with high resilient fastenings. Finally, an application for the heavy-haul rail transport is presented, for the case of a track equipped with W24 fastening, Zw700WIC pad, rail 140RE type and concrete sleepers.
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Schlo̸er, Signe, Henrik Bredmose, and Harry B. Bingham. "Irregular Wave Forces on Monopile Foundations: Effect of Full Nonlinearity and Bed Slope." In ASME 2011 30th International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2011-49709.
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Forces on a monopile from a nonlinear irregular unidirectional wave model are investigated. Two seabed profiles of different slopes are considered. Morison’s equation is used to investigate the forcing from fully nonlinear irregular waves and to compare the results with those obtained from linear wave theory and with stream function wave theory. The latter of these theories is only valid on a flat bed. The three predictions of wave forces are compared and the influence of the bed slope is investigated. Force-profiles of two selected waves from the irregular wave train are further compared with the corresponding force-profiles from stream function theory. The results suggest that the nonlinear irregular waves give rise to larger extreme wave forces than those predicted by linear theory and that a steeper bed slope increases the wave forces both for linear and nonlinear waves. It is further found that stream function theory in some cases underestimate the wave forces acting on the monopile.
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Yokoyama, Takashi, Satoshi Izumi, and Shinsuke Sakai. "Analytical Modeling of the Transverse Load-Displacement Relation of a Bolted Joint With Consideration of the Mechanical Behavior on Contact Surfaces." In ASME 2009 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2009-77612.
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An analytical model for the mechanical behavior of bolted joints subjected to transverse load has been theoretically formulated. It has been shown that transverse displacement of the cramped component can be separated into five factors: (a) bolt bending due to transverse force acting on the thread surface, (b) bolt bending due to thread surface reaction moment, (c) inclination of bolt head, (d) thread surface slip, and (e) bearing surface slip. In order to calculate the factors (d) and (e), contact force and slip displacement induced on the contact surfaces are modeled while factors (a) to (c) are formulated according to previous theories. In addition, it has been shown that variation in reaction moment induced on the contact surfaces, which affects (b) to (e), depends on contact state. Then, the relation between the reaction moment and transverse load is formulated. We have applied our analytical model to an M16 bolted joint and confirmed that the model shows good agreement on the load-displacement relation with FEM result.
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Mulligan, Jeffrey B. "Linear model of color transparency." In OSA Annual Meeting. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/oam.1990.fdd5.
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When two lights are combined additively, the color that results can be determined from the colors of the two component lights without knowledge of the nature of the actual spectra. This is not the case for a subtractive mixture, which occurs with color transparencies and colored shadows, because the spectrum of the resultant is the product of the two component spectra. Because the actual spectra cannot be known solely from colorimetric data, prediction of the subtractive mixture is an ill-posed problem. Concrete predictions can be made by adopting one of the assumptions of Maloney and Wandell's theory of color constancy (JOSA A, 1986), namely, that all naturally occurring reflectance/transmis- sion spectra can be described as a linear combination of three spectral basis functions. Under this assumption, a subtractive color mixture can be represented by a bilinear operator acting on pairs of tristimulus values. Although the detailed predictions depend to a degree on the choice of the basis functions, certain algebraic properties are obeyed by all models of this type. The model generates predictions of perceptual transparency that are analogous to those made for achromatic displays by the theories of Metelli (Scientific American, 1974) and others.
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Ingram, Mark, and Dennis Hong. "Whole Skin Locomotion Inspired by Amoeboid Motility Mechanisms." In ASME 2005 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2005-85419.
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In this paper, we present a novel locomotion mechanism for mobile robots inspired by the motility mechanisms of single celled organisms that use cytoplasmic streaming to generate pseudopods for locomotion. The Whole Skin Locomotion, as we call it, works by way of an elongated toroid which turns itself inside out in a single continuous motion, effectively generating the overall motion of the cytoplasmic streaming ectoplasmic tube in amoebae. With an elastic membrane or a mesh of links acting as its outer skin, the robot can easily squeeze between obstacles or under a collapsed ceiling and move forward using all of its contact surfaces for traction, or even squeeze itself through holes with diameters smaller than its nominal width by actively changing its cross section diameter making this the ideal locomotion method for search and rescue robots that need to traverse over or under rubble, or for applications where a robot needs to move in and maneuver itself into tight spaces such as for robotic endoscopes. This paper summarizes the many existing theories of amoeboid motility mechanisms, and examines how these can be applied on a macro scale as a novel mobile robot locomotion concept. Four locomotion mechanism models are presented with preliminary experiments and their results, demonstrating the feasibility of the whole skin locomotion strategy.
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Lei, Kimfong, Julie R. Mariga, and Benjamin R. Pobanz. "From theories to actions." In Proceeding of the 4th conference. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/947121.947144.
Full textReports on the topic "Theories of Acting"
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Zarrieß, Benjamin, and Jens Claßen. Decidable Verification of Golog Programs over Non-Local Effect Actions. Technische Universität Dresden, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.25368/2022.224.
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The Golog action programming language is a powerful means to express high-level behaviours in terms of programs over actions defined in a Situation Calculus theory. In particular for physical systems, verifying that the program satisfies certain desired temporal properties is often crucial, but undecidable in general, the latter being due to the language’s high expressiveness in terms of first-order quantification and program constructs. So far, approaches to achieve decidability involved restrictions where action effects either had to be contextfree (i.e. not depend on the current state), local (i.e. only affect objects mentioned in the action’s parameters), or at least bounded (i.e. only affect a finite number of objects). In this paper, we present a new, more general class of action theories (called acyclic) that allows for context-sensitive, non-local, unbounded effects, i.e. actions that may affect an unbounded number of possibly unnamed objects in a state-dependent fashion. We contribute to the further exploration of the boundary between decidability and undecidability for Golog, showing that for acyclic theories in the two-variable fragment of first-order logic, verification of CTL properties of programs over ground actions is decidable
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Fang, Hanming, and Andrea Moro. Theories of Statistical Discrimination and Affirmative Action: A Survey. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, April 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w15860.
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Snijder, Mieke, and Marina Apgar, J. How Does Participatory Action Research Generate Innovation? Findings from a Rapid Realist Review. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), July 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/clarissa.2021.009.
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This Emerging Evidence Report shares evidence of how, for whom, and under what circumstances, Participatory Action Research (PAR) leads to innovative actions. A rapid realist review was undertaken to develop programme theories that explain how PAR generates innovation. The methodology included peer-reviewed and grey literature and moments of engagement with programme staff, such that their input supported the development and refinement of three resulting initial programme theories (IPTs) that we present in this report. Across all three IPTs, safe relational space, group facilitation, and the abilities of facilitators, are essential context and intervention components through which PAR can generate innovation. Implications from the three IPTs for evaluation design of the CLARISSA programme are identified and discussed. The report finishes with opportunities for the CLARISSA programme to start building an evidence base of how PAR works as an intervention modality, such as evidencing group-level conscientisation, the influence of intersecting inequalities, and influence of diverse perspectives coming together in a PAR process.
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Liu, Hongkai, Carsten Lutz, Maja Miličić, and Frank Wolter. Description Logic Actions with general TBoxes: a Pragmatic Approach. Aachen University of Technology, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.25368/2022.156.
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Action formalisms based on description logics (DLs) have recently been introduced as decidable fragments of well-established action theories such as the Situation Calculus and the Fluent Calculus. However, existing DL action formalisms fail to include general TBoxes, which are the standard tool for formalising ontologies in modern description logics. We define a DL action formalism that admits general TBoxes, propose an approach to addressing the ramification problem that is introduced in this way, and perform a detailed investigation of the decidability and computational complexity of reasoning in our formalism.
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Yilmaz, Ihsan, and Kainat Shakil. Manufacturing Civilisational Crises: Instrumentalisation of Anti-Western Conspiracy Theories for Populist Authoritarian Resilience in Turkey and Pakistan. European Center for Populism Studies (ECPS), August 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.55271/pp0014.
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This paper looks at the importance of ‘crisis events’ used by leaders employing populist civilisational populism in Muslim democracies. While populism is widely acknowledged and studied as part of early twentieth century political developments, various aspects remain unexplored. One feature is how populists make use of a crisis. While populists do benefit from social and political rifts, this paper goes a step further and argues that civilisationalist populists create imaginary and exaggerated ‘crises’ to sustain and prolong their relevance/position in power as well as justify their undemocratic actions. Using the case studies of Turkey (Recep Tayyip Erdogan) and Pakistan (Imran Khan) allows for a comparison to be drawn between two different leaders seeking to maintain power by using their position to either create civilizationalist crises or to frame ordinary crises as civilisational. The findings highlight that despite different political scenarios and outcomes, both these populist leaders gained political support by creating crises. We find that in most cases, populists exaggerate pre-existing insecurities and events to their benefit. The overblown claims and conspiratorial scenarios aid populists in creating a niche for their narratives by reaffirming their populist categorisation of societies. At the same time, the findings bring forth the troubling issues of the social-political cost of these Islamist civilisationalist populists.
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Dinges, Michael, Christiane Kerlen, Peter Kaufmann, Anna Wang, Kathleen Toepel, Jakob Kofler, Stefan Meyer, and Harald Wieser. Theories of change for transformation-oriented R&I polices: the case of the 7th Energy Research Programme in Germany. Fteval - Austrian Platform for Research and Technology Policy Evaluation, April 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.22163/fteval.2022.542.
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This article investigates how Theories of Change for transformation-oriented R&I programmes can be designed to better grasp system transformation processes and thereby set the basis for a deeper understanding of transformative impact mechanisms and programme learning. The analysis is based within the realm of the energy system, which is an area of specific concern for socio-technical transformation. It focuses on the “7th Energy Research Programme” (EFP) of the German Federal Ministry of Economic Affairs and Climate Action, which is the key R&I policy instrument contributing to the transformation of the energy system in Germany. The article shows how a programme theory approach can be combined with multi-level perspective innovation system thinking and the concept of transformative outcomes to increase the evaluability of complex, transformation-oriented R&I programmes.
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Apgar, Marina, Mieke Snijder, Pedro Prieto Martin, Giel Ton, Shona Macleod, Shanta Kakri, and Sukanta Paul. Designing Contribution Analysis of Participatory Programming to Tackle the Worst Forms of Child Labour. Institute of Development Studies, August 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/clarissa.2022.003.
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This Research and Evidence Paper presents the theory-based and participatory evaluation design of the Child Labour: Action-Research- Innovation in South and South-Eastern Asia (CLARISSA) programme. The evaluation is embedded in emergent Participatory Action Research with children and other stakeholders to address the drivers of the worst forms of child labour (WFCL). The report describes the use of contribution analysis as an overarching approach, with its emphasis on crafting, nesting and iteratively reflecting on causal theories of change. It illustrates how hierarchically-nested impact pathways lead to specific evaluation questions and mixing different evaluation methods in response to these questions, critical assumptions, and agreement on causal mechanisms to be examined in depth. It also illustrates how realist evaluation can be combined with contribution analysis to deeply investigate specific causal links in the theory of change. It reflects on learning from the use of causal hotspots as a vehicle for mixing methods. It offers considerations on how to navigate relationships and operational trade-offs in making methodological choices to build robust and credible evidence on how, for whom, and under what conditions participatory programming can work to address complex problems such as child labour.
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Hillestad, Torgeir Martin. The Metapsychology of Evil: Main Theoretical Perspectives Causes, Consequences and Critique. University of Stavanger, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.31265/usps.224.
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The purpose of this text or dissertation is to throw some basic light on a fundamental problem concerning manhood, namely the question of evil, its main sources, dynamics and importance for human attitudes and behaviour. The perspective behind the analysis itself is that of psychology. Somebody, or many, may feel at bit nervous by the word “evil” itself. It may very well be seen as too connected to religion, myth and even superstition. Yet those who are motivated to lose oneself in the subject retain a deep interest in human destructiveness, malevolence and hate, significant themes pointing at threatening prospects for mankind. The text is organized or divided into four main ordinary chapters, the three first of them organized or divided into continuous and numbered sections. A crucial point or question is of cause how to define evil itself. It can of cause be done both intentional, instrumental and by consequence. Other theorists however have stated that the concept of evil exclusively rests on a myth originated in the Judean-Christian conception of Satan and ultimate evil. This last argument presupposes evil itself as non-existent in the real rational world. It seems however a fact that most people attach certain basic meaning to the concept, mainly that it represents ultimately bad and terrible actions and behaviour directed toward common people for the purpose of bringing upon them ultimate pain and suffer. However, there is no room for essentialism here, meaning that we simply can look “inside” some original matter to get to know what it “really” is. Rather, a phenomenon gets its identity from the constituted meaning operating within a certain human communities and contexts loaded with intentionality and inter-subjective meaning. As mentioned above, the concept of evil can be interpreted both instrumental and intentional, the first being the broadest of them. Here evil stands for behaviour and human deeds having terrifying or fatal consequences for subjects and people or in general, regardless of the intentions behind. The intentional interpretation however, links the concept to certain predispositions, characteristics and even strong motives in subjects, groups and sometimes political systems and nations. I will keep in mind and clear the way for both these perspectives for the discussion in prospect. This essay represents a psychological perspective on evil, but makes it clear that a more or less complete account of such a psychological view also should include a thorough understanding or integration of some basic social and even biological assumptions. However, I consider a social psychological position of significant importance, especially because in my opinion it represents some sort of coordination of knowledge and theoretical perspectives inherent in the subject or problem itself, the main task here being to integrate perspectives of a psychological as well as social and biological kind. Since humans are essential social creatures, the way itself to present knowledge concerning the human condition, must be social of some sort and kind, however not referring to some kind of reductionism where social models of explanation possess or holds monopoly. Social and social psychological perspectives itself represents parts of the whole matter regarding understanding and explanation of human evil. The fact that humans present, or has to represent themselves as humans among other humans, means that basically a social language is required both to explain and describe human manners and ways of being. This then truly represents its own way or, more correctly, level or standard of explanation, which makes social psychology some sort of significant, though not sufficient. More substantial, the vision itself of integrating different ontological and theoretical levels and objects of science for the purpose of manifesting or make real a full-fledged psychological perspective on evil, should be considered or characterized a meta-psychological perspective. The text is partially constructed as a review of existing theories and theorists concerning the matter of evil and logically associated themes such as violence, mass murder, genocide, antisocial behaviour in general, aggression, hate and cruelty. However, the demands of making a theoretical distinction between these themes, although connected, is stressed. Above all, an integral perspective combining different scientific disciplines is aimed at.
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Ilgenfritz, Pedro. Guide Me Without Touching My Hand: Reflections on the Dramaturgical Development of the Devised-theatre Show One by One. Unitec ePress, December 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.34074/ocds.038.
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This essay is a reflection on some aspects of dramaturgy observed during the creation and development of One by One, a silent tragicomedy designed by the Auckland company, LAB Theatre, in 2011 and restaged in 2013. The emphasis of the essay is on pedagogical aspects at the core of the company’s work, as they inform the creative process and lead to the blending of the actor’s function into that of the dramaturg. The following discussion makes apparent the fact that this process of hybridisation, made possible by implementing features of devised theatre, emancipates the actor and brings improvisation to a better use. The play was based on the notion that theatrical action must be ‘suggestive’ rather than ‘descriptive.’ This idea originated in the works of Konstantin Stanislavski (1988) and Jacques Copeau (2000) and was developed by more recent theorists of dramaturgy into a practical framework for theatrical performance in general. The success of One by One depended very much on the implementation of these principles. The achievement was duly noted by reviewer Lexie Matheson (2011), who appreciated that One by One “exists on its own, doesn’t need explanation, doesn’t explain itself; it just unravels with delicacy and tenderness, like a good yarn should.