Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Théories fondamentales'
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El, Ghazi El Houssaini Souhail. "Notions fondamentales de la théorie des systèmes informatiques." Aix-Marseille 2, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986AIX22030.
Full textBagheri, Seyed Mohammad. "Ordre fondamental d'une théorie monobasée." Lyon 1, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997LYO10128.
Full textVanhove, Pierre. "Au bout de la corde : la theorie m." Phd thesis, Ecole Polytechnique X, 1998. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00001196.
Full textdes supercordes. L'exposé commence par une présentation des divers objets
étendus solitoniques des théories effectives de supergravité. Ces solutions
étendues de dimension p=0,...,9, dites de p-branes, correspondent à des
configurations instantoniques de ces théories des champs effectives des théories de supercordes. Après avoir présenté les relations entre ces différentes solutions, je me spécialise sur la solution
particulière de la supercorde représentée par la 1-brane porteuse d'une
charge associée au champ antisymétrique de Neveu-Schwarz. Cette supercorde est
dès alors considérée comme l'objet fondamental perturbatif de la théorie des
cordes. Sont ensuite exposées les relations entre les solutions étendues
précédemment trouvées et les Dp-branes du secteur non perturbatif de cette
théorie des supercordes; ainsi que différentes configurations statiques et
dynamiques des ces objets, en vue d'une compréhension de la structure globale
du régime non perturbatif de la théorie des supercordes. Ces résultats sont
appliqués à l'étude d'exemples précis de correspondances de couplage faible--couplage fort entre le
régime perturbatif d'une formulation de la théorie des supercordes et le
régime non perturbatif d'une autre formulation. On étudie ainsi la
correspondance de dualité entre la théorie de supercordes ouvertes de type~I
et celle hétérotique avec un groupe de jauge SO(32); mais aussi la symétrie
d'autodualité sous le groupe Sl(2,Z) de la théorie de supercordes fermées
de type~IIb. De ce dernier calcul est déduite une prescription de régularisation de la
divergence ultraviolette de l'amplitude d'interaction de quatre gravitons à
l'ordre d'une boucle, calculée dans le cadre de la supergravité en dimension
onze. Ce qui confirme le rôle de cette théorie comme théorie effective de la théorie M. Ce mémoire s'achève par un
calcul inédit des contributions instantoniques d'espace-temps pour les
théories de type~I et de type~IIb, effectué dans le cadre d'une formulation
matricielle des effets non perturbatifs de la théorie des supercordes.
Krajewski, Thomas. "Géométrie non commutative et intéractions fondamentales." Aix-Marseille 1, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998AIX11072.
Full textHamieh, Tayssir. "Etude mathématique de quelques équations fondamentales en chimie physique." Mulhouse, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000MULH0627.
Full textReynaud, Eric. "Le groupe fondamental algébrique." Phd thesis, Université Montpellier II - Sciences et Techniques du Languedoc, 2002. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00202368.
Full textWan, Kai. "Limites fondamentales de stockage pour les réseaux de diffusion de liens partagés et les réseaux de combinaison." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SACLS217/document.
Full textIn this thesis, we investigated the coded caching problem by building the connection between coded caching with uncoded placement and index coding, and leveraging the index coding results to characterize the fundamental limits of coded caching problem. We mainly analysed the caching problem in shared-link broadcast model and in combination networks. In the first part of this thesis, for cache-aided shared-link broadcast networks, we considered the constraint that content is placed uncoded within the caches. When the cache contents are uncoded and the user demands are revealed, the caching problem can be connected to an index coding problem. We derived fundamental limits for the caching problem by using tools for the index coding problem. A novel index coding achievable scheme was first derived based on distributed source coding. This inner bound was proved to be strictly better than the widely used “composite (index) coding” inner bound by leveraging the ignored correlation among composites and the non-unique decoding. For the centralized caching problem, an outer bound under the constraint of uncoded cache placement is proposed based on the “acyclic index coding outer bound”. This outer bound is proved to be achieved by the cMAN scheme when the number of files is not less than the number of users, and by the proposed novel index coding achievable scheme otherwise. For the decentralized caching problem, this thesis proposes an outer bound under the constraint that each user stores bits uniformly and independently at random. This outer bound is achieved by dMAN when the number of files is not less than the number of users, and by our proposed novel index coding inner bound otherwise. In the second part of this thesis, we considered the centralized caching problem in two-hop relay networks, where the server communicates with cache-aided users through some intermediate relays. Because of the hardness of analysis on the general networks, we mainly considered a well-known symmetric relay networks, combination networks, including H relays and binom{H}{r} users where each user is connected to a different r-subset of relays. We aimed to minimize the max link-load for the worst cases. We derived outer and inner bounds in this thesis. For the outer bound, the straightforward way is that each time we consider a cut of x relays and the total load transmitted to these x relays could be outer bounded by the outer bound for the shared-link model including binom{x}{r} users. We used this strategy to extend the outer bounds for the shared-link model and the acyclic index coding outer bound to combination networks. In this thesis, we also tightened the extended acyclic index coding outer bound in combination networks by further leveraging the network topology and joint entropy of the various random variables. For the achievable schemes, there are two approaches, separation and non-separation. In the separation approach, we use cMAN cache placement and multicast message generation independent of the network topology. We then deliver cMAN multicast messages based on the network topology. In the non-separation approach, we design the placement and/or the multicast messages on the network topology. We proposed four delivery schemes on separation approach. On non-separation approach, firstly for any uncoded cache placement, we proposed a delivery scheme by generating multicast messages on network topology. Moreover, we also extended our results to more general models, such as combination networks with cache-aided relays and users, and caching systems in more general relay networks. Optimality results were given under some constraints and numerical evaluations showed that our proposed schemes outperform the state-of-the-art
Iordanou, Charis. "La théorie de la basse fondamentale en France. Étude de sa diffusion et de sa didactisation au XVIIIe siècle." Thesis, Paris 4, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA040012/document.
Full textThis work is concerned with the analysis of the integration, didactisation and modification of Rameau’s theory, as well as of its status and definiteness in the second half of the XVIIIth century in France, via the study of the didactic treatises on music. This thesis aims in understanding and explaining, first, the substitution of the theoretical works of Rameau by the studies of its interpreters, and second, the rejection of the fundamental bass theory in the beginning of the XIXth century. More specifically, the first part of the thesis presents the theoretical work of Rameau, in particular, the reception, interpretation and transmission of his system by his contemporaries. In the second part of the thesis, the practice of Rameau’s supporters is put into context (scientific, socio-cultural, educational, philosophical and didactic), in order to investigate the reasoning of these authors, to outline the typology of their treatises and to determine the significance of their work in the second half of the XVIIIth century. Finally, the third part of this thesis deals with the analysis of the didactic works on music and attempts to bring out the role of Rameau propagators to the paradoxical fate of Rameau’s theory in order to remove its theoretical and didactic transformations as well as to reveal and eliminate the positive or negative influential factors of its interpretation and diffusion
Sagui, Kenneth. "Représentation analytique globale de la surface de potentiel de la molécule NH3 dans son état électronique fondamental." Université de Marne-la-Vallée, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006MARN0315.
Full textGuilbert, Jonas. "Essai sur le concept de l'abus de droit fondamental." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Toulouse 1, 2021. https://publications.ut-capitole.fr/id/eprint/44668.
Full textCertainly, the discomfort caused by the expression “abuse of a fundamental right” is the driving force behind this research: how can one abuse a right, which is even more fundamental? In spite of the ambiguity of this expression, the abuse of rights is a positive notion in terms of fundamental rights. Envisaged in many international and regional declarations of human rights, it is particularly used by the ECHR. However, if we want to resolve certain paradoxes objectively attached to the notion, it is necessary to work on theoretical clarification: what can the subject of law really abuse in law? What does it really mean to have a right? And further, what does it mean to have a fundamental right? Based on the work of the philosopher and semiotician C.S. Peirce, as highlighted today by C. Tiercelin, this research starts from a strong ontological commitment: the necessary distinction in law between words, concepts, and things (essentially social facts). From this fundamental clarification, it will be easily seen that the expression “abuse of right” is in reality an abuse of language. However, the concept referred to by this expression has a certain usefulness andpersistent within the legal discourse. From a strictly normative point of view, the concept acts as an anti individualist iclimitation on the use of rights. By stigmatizing legally unacceptable uses, it can not only protect fundamentality as a system, but also prove to be, against all odds, the most faithful instrument to the liberalism constitutive of human rights, as a pragmatic remedy to overly general and abstract restrictions of rights. In any case, the normative work of the concept of abuse of right deconstructs the ideological representations of the legal system, which make people believe that any individual claim constitutes, without any methodical and dogmatic investigation, the exercise of a fundamental right. From a strictly cognitive point of view this time, the concept of abuse of rights can constitute a particularly fertile prism for the study of the phenomenon of fundamentality, because it invites us to delve into the heart of the process of meaning of rights from the point of view of the use made of them by the subjects of law. Thus, the meaning of fundamentality is considered beyond texts and statements, i.e. beyond language, in order to apprehend, in the light of the concept that is the subject of this research, the legally significant scope of the individual action itself: when valid use is a sign of the alleged right. The study of this significant “bottom-up” process may reveal a horizon of new knowledge about fundamental rights, and even about a legal and realistic conception of democracy
Fulchiron, Héléna. "Les théories infantiles de la mort." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016AIXM3008.
Full textThink about childhood theories of death supposes to consider death, in the same way as sexuality, as a psychic organizer. However, if death directs the desire, it is not easy to notice its effects on the subject. The subject bears itself of a certain denial in front of finiteness of being so that he does not succumb in to the impossible of death. This impossible shows itself by a frost of desire because of deaths fear or, by contrast, in front of the horror which would show itself from a life which would spatter infinitely. The subject’s denial passes by a plaiting between its childhoods theories of death. We propose three of them, “the return in the mother's breast theory”, “survival theory” and “murder and the lex talionis theory”. It is here that reappear the childhood theories of death according to the events crossed by the grown-up subject. Taking in consideration one’s mortal condition is necessary to desire, as much as it is to cover it. So, beyond this triple relationship with death that childhood theories offers, it could be a position in which the subject would pass, between - two deaths, in order to not give in to the desire
Slimane, Mohammed. "Le langage des gractes et son usage fondamental en algèbre en logique et dans la théorie des bases de données relationnelles." Paris 5, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986PA05S008.
Full textAllek, Fayssal. "Une approche pour les compétences fondamentales du développement d’une entreprise sur un nouveau marché : cas de compétences technologiques." Caen, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010CAEN0662.
Full textOki, Jean-Louis. "L’imputation, mécanisme fondamental de la responsabilité des personnes publiques." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017BORD0699/document.
Full textAlthough every attribution system constitutes a key element regarding the matter of liability in the public sector, the concept of imputation has only been the object of a few studies. Our research shows both the importance of the role played by the notion of imputation and the relevance of an approach which would examine the concept of liability through the imputation process. Far from constituting a simple technical tool employed to ascertain the source of liability, the notion of imputation seems to promote the emergence of a wider inquiry regarding liability itself. Indeed, because this notion serves to indicate the debtor of liability, the process of imputation always indicates a statement of views on the function of liability. The utilization of this device is never inconsequential whether it is used to designate the author of the causal event or any other person. Studying the concept of imputation does both answer the question as to why someone can be held accountable and uncover the founding principles of liability. Furthermore, it will come to our understanding that the selection of a particular method of indictment is never neutral and always involves consequences in regards to the physiognomy of the legal status of the various hypotheses of liability. By analyzing the function of liability through the lens of indictment we can grasp its meaning and thus explain the reason behind the wide diversity of legal regimes and above all, offer a classification of the various hypotheses of liability which would rely on their own internal logic
Liu, Jie. "Géométrie des variétés de Fano : sous-faisceaux du fibré tangent et diviseur fondamental." Thesis, Université Côte d'Azur (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018AZUR4038/document.
Full textThis thesis is devoted to the study of complex Fano varieties via the properties of subsheaves of the tangent bundle and the geometry of the fundamental divisor. The main results contained in this text are:(i) A generalization of Hartshorne's conjecture: a projective manifold is isomorphic to a projective space if and only if its tangent bundle contains an ample subsheaf.(ii) Stability of tangent bundles of Fano manifolds with Picard number one: by proving vanishing theorems on the irreducible Hermitian symmetric spaces of compact type M, we establish that the tangent bundles of almost all general complete intersections in M are stable. Moreover, the same method also gives an answer to the problem of stability of the restriction of the tangent bundle of a complete intersection on a general hypersurface.(iii) Effective non-vanishing for Fano varieties and its applications: we study the positivity of the second Chern class of Fano manifolds with Picard number one, this permits us to prove a non-vanishing result for n-dimensional Fano manifolds with index n-3. As an application, we study the anticanonical geometry of Fano varieties and calculate the Seshadri constants of anticanonical divisors of Fano manifolds with large index.(iv) Fundamental divisors of smooth Moishezon threefolds with Picard number one: we prove the existence of a smooth divisor in the fundamental linear system in some special cases
Deshayes, Fred. "Contribution à une théorie de la preuve devant la Cour européenne des droits de l'homme." Montpellier 1, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002MON10034.
Full textEdel, Frédéric. "Le principe d'égalité dans la convention européenne des droits de l'homme : contribution à une théorie générale du principe d'égalité." Université Robert Schuman (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003STR30011.
Full textThe present PHD thesis first retraces the history of equality, both in domestic and international law. Il then propounds a general theory of equality, which is philosophical and legal at the same time. Il proceeds with a description of the definition of non-discrimination, resulting from the case law of the European Court of Human Rights and so doing presents a general method of implementation of the non-discrimination principle in accordance with the specificity of the phenomenon of equality and in particular with its conceptual unity. Lastly, it reviews the issue of equality improvement : it thus investigates, on the one hand, the relationship that may exist between the principle of non-discrimination and the concept of positive obligation developed by the case law of the European Court of Human Rights and, on the other hand, the very ambiguous relationships that this very same principle may entertain with the notion of affirmative action
Bacharach, Lucien. "Caractérisation des limites fondamentales de l'erreur quadratique moyenne pour l'estimation de signaux comportant des points de rupture." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SACLS322/document.
Full textThis thesis deals with the study of estimators' performance in signal processing. The focus is the analysis of the lower bounds on the Mean Square Error (MSE) for abrupt change-point estimation. Such tools will help to characterize performance of maximum likelihood estimator in the frequentist context but also maximum a posteriori and conditional mean estimators in the Bayesian context. The main difficulty comes from the fact that, when dealing with sampled signals, the parameters of interest (i.e., the change points) lie on a discrete space. Consequently, the classical large sample theory results (e.g., asymptotic normality of the maximum likelihood estimator) or the Cramér-Rao bound do not apply. Some results concerning the asymptotic distribution of the maximum likelihood only are available in the mathematics literature but are currently of limited interest for practical signal processing problems. When the MSE of estimators is chosen as performance criterion, an important amount of work has been provided concerning lower bounds on the MSE in the last years. Then, several studies have proposed new inequalities leading to tighter lower bounds in comparison with the Cramér-Rao bound. These new lower bounds have less regularity conditions and are able to handle estimators’ MSE behavior in both asymptotic and non-asymptotic areas. The goal of this thesis is to complete previous results on lower bounds in the asymptotic area (i.e. when the number of samples and/or the signal-to-noise ratio is high) for change-point estimation but, also, to provide an analysis in the non-asymptotic region. The tools used here will be the lower bounds of the Weiss-Weinstein family which are already known in signal processing to outperform the Cramér-Rao bound for applications such as spectral analysis or array processing. A closed-form expression of this family is provided for a single and multiple change points and some extensions are given when the parameters of the distributions on each segment are unknown. An analysis in terms of robustness with respect to the prior influence on our models is also provided. Finally, we apply our results to specific problems such as: Gaussian data, Poisson data and exponentially distributed data
Bugarin, Florian. "Vision 3D multi-images : contribution à l’obtention de solutions globales par optimisation polynomiale et théorie des moments." Thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012INPT0068/document.
Full textThe overall objective of this thesis is to apply a polynomial optimization method, based on moments theory, on some vision problems. These problems are often nonconvex and they are classically solved using local optimization methods. Without additional hypothesis, these techniques don’t converge to the global minimum and need to provide an initial estimate close to the exact solution. Global optimization methods overcome this drawback. Moreover, the polynomial optimization based on moments theory could take into account particular constraints. In this thesis, we extend this method to the problems of minimizing a sum of many rational functions. In addition, under particular assumptions of "sparsity", we show that it is possible to deal with a large number of variables while maintaining reasonable computation times. Finally, we apply these methods to particular computer vision problems: minimization of projective distortions due to image rectification process, Fundamental matrix estimation, and multi-view 3D reconstruction with and without radial distortions
Detti, Valérie. "Théorie géométrique de la diffraction appliquée à la caractérisation expérimentale des propriétés acoustiques et dimensionnelles de la diaphyse osseuse." Nancy 1, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000NAN10130.
Full textThis thesis aims to study an instrumental approach for the dimensional and acoustical characterization of cortical bone and medullar cavity. The Theory of Geometrical Diffraction is used, for both pulse echo and transmission mode. This theory is applied to a cylindrical model and only needs to know the phase delay between transmitted and reflected echoes from bone. This approach is evaluated by some simulations. The theoretical prediction of the echoes arriving time is experimentally verified. The solution of the inverse problem is validated on Plexiglas and Duraluminium phantom and in vitro with bovine bone. The measurements uncertainties are analysed too. The whole results are promising. The acoustical celerity are in keeping with reference data. The external and internal dimensions found follow the real boundary of the diaphysis in a satisfactory way
Bruneau, Nadine. "Etude du mécanisme sécrétoire de la lipase sels-biliaires dépendante du pancréas : participation des molécules chaperonnes." Aix-Marseille 3, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996AIX30044.
Full textTricot, Juliette. "Étude critique de la contribution de l'union européenne au renouvellement de la théorie générale de la loi pénale de fond." Paris 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA010325.
Full textRoccia, Jérome. "Densité de niveaux du problème a n-corps." Paris 11, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA112136.
Full textWe investigate the many-body level density rho_MB for fermion and boson gases. We establish its behavior as a function of the temperature and the number of particules. We deal with correction terms due to finite number of particles effects for rho_MB : for fermions, it seems that it exists only one behavior whereas the case of bosons. Besides we propose a semiclassical expression of rho_MB for two types of particules with an angular momentum. It is decomposed into a smooth part coming from the saddle point method plus corrective terms due to the expansion of the number of partitions for two types of particles and an oscillating part coming from the fluctuations of the single-particle level density. Our model is validated by a numerical study. For the case of the atomic nucleus, the oscillating part of rho_MB is controled by a temperature factor which depends on the chaotic or integrable nature of the system and depends on the fluctuation of the ground state energy. This leads to consider in more detail this last quantity. For an isolated system, we give the general expression of the mean value for fixed potentials. We treat the self-bound system case through the example of the three dimensional harmonic oscillator (3DHO). Furthermore we study the oscillating part of rho_MB for bosons in the low temperature regime for billiards and for isotropic 3DHO. We note the oscillations disappear leading to a power law correction. In the case of the isotropic 3DHO, these corrections have the same order of magnitude as the smooth part. In the same way, for the high temperature regime we show the oscillating part of rho_MB is exponentially negligeable compared to the smooth part
Bernet, Thomas. "Structure microscopique et propriétés interfaciales de fluides confinés dans des matériaux poreux de diverses géométries." Thesis, Pau, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PAUU3020.
Full textThe study of adsorption, for systems presenting an interface between a fluid and a solid, can be undertaken theoretically with the statistical physics formalism, at the microscopic scale. The objective of this PhD thesis is to propose a molecular modelling of fluids like methane, confined into porous materials of various geometry. This way, the theoretical framework is directly developed at the microscopic scale and its results are compared with molecular simulations. At the macroscopic scale, the theoretical formalism leads us to obtain the same results than experimental measurements of isotherm and heat of adsorption.First of all, the main results of the classical density functional theory (cDFT) - which gives laws of statistical physics with the fluid density in every point of the space - are presented. Inhomogeneous fluids are thus described with this theory. A molecular equation-of-state has also to be considered as a reference. The statistical associating fluid theory (SAFT), formulated with the free energy of the system has been chosen. Then, the interaction potential of a molecule such as methane is described by a hard-sphere surrounded with an attractive range. The hard-sphere is described with the fundamental-measure theory (FMT), using weighted densities, corresponding to functions defined in a point of the space, but depending on the immediate neighbourhood of this point. Weighted functions are necessary for inhomogeneous fluids modelling confined at the microscopic scale. The study undertaken from the FMT led us to define new weighted functions, allowing us to describe fluids of attractive spheres.With this new theoretical framework, it is necessary to use approximations of the free energy functional. Four different approaches are proposed allowing to predict the spatial distribution of the fluid density. Because these profiles are described at the microscopic scale, Monte Carlo molecular simulations have been performed in order to evaluate their quality by comparison, for systems defined with an equivalent potential. Thereby, one of the new formulations describing the inhomogeneous fluid has been selected for its superiority among the others. Then, special attention has been given to the modelling of the solid. Indeed, most of the existing approaches use analytical expressions of weighted densities to that extent, which limits studies to porous media with simple and ideal geometries. In our work, we exclude this kind of approaches and we propose to compute weighted densities with fast Fourier transforms in a three-dimensional space, for any pore geometry. The consequence of this approach is that a numerical discrete space is considered. This implies the use of mathematical results from discrete geometry, in order to correctly compute interactions between the fluid and any discrete solid surface.This new combination of the density functional theory and discrete geometry has allowed us to study methane adsorption into cylindrical pores of silica. To do so, experimental measurements have been performed on new silica substrates specially synthetized and characterised for this thesis. Theoretical predictions were compared with experimental isotherms and heat of adsorption. It allowed to validate the whole formalism presented in this thesis and developed both for the fluid and the solid modelling from the microscopic to the macroscopic scale
Guinand, Bruno. "Rôles d'éléments de statistique multivariée dans la mise en évidence de la différenciation populationnelle : exemples et potentialités." Lyon 1, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996LYO10172.
Full textRos, Nicolas. "Corps des modules et corps de définition de revêtements algébriques." Toulouse 3, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004TOU30288.
Full textLet k be a perfect field and let c be an algebraic closure of k, separably closed. Let also bk be a k-curve. We note bc the c-curve obtained from bk by extension of scalars. We study the category rev of c-covers over bc that is to say finite and etale morphisms over bc. If f is an object of rev, a field of definition of f is a field a c-cover isomorphic to f can be defined over. Furthermore, the group gal(c/k) acts on rev functorially ; for all s in gal(c/k), the cover s. F is the pull-back of f along spec(s). If, for all s in gal(c/k), s. F is c-isomorphic to f, k is said to be the field of moduli of f. That is a well-known fact that the field of moduli is the intersection of the fields of definition. However, we don't know if a c-cover which is defined over all the the completions kv of k (v valuation of k) - and so with field of moduli k - is necessarily defined over k. First, we describe a cohomological criterion in order to express the fact that a certain type of covers of bc is defined over a given field. Then, using the kummer's theory, we explain a method to construct covers (defined over k) over the projective line whose group of automorphisms is a given gal(c/k)-module. By means of the class field theory and the special cases of grunwald-wang's theorem, we construct a cover between curves which is defined over all the completions of the rationals field without being defined over the rationals field. In conclusion, we exhibit a violation of the local-global principle for the category rev
Antibi, André. "Etude sur l'enseignement de methodes de demonstration, enseignement de la notion de limite : reflexions, propositions." Toulouse 3, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988TOU30139.
Full textYaaii, Nigatu Bayissa. "Étude comparative de quelques caractéristiques phonotactiques et morphosyntaxiques de l'afaan-oromo, de l'amharique et du français afin d’analyser l’interférence chez les apprenants du FLE en milieu académique éthiopien." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Mulhouse, 2024. https://www.learning-center.uha.fr/.
Full textThis research focuses on global errors found in corpora collected from learners of French at the University ofArsi. Through a comparative study, the main aim of this research is, on the one hand, to examine whether theerrors noted are due to interference from the first languages (L1) and, on the other, to determine whetherthese errors appear at each linguistic level. The aim is therefore to assess whether this interference affects theacquisition of the target language at the phonetic, morphological and syntactic levels. In the context ofdidactics, certain teaching strategies, introduced by certain authors, are proposed to teach the production ofsingle sounds, word formation and word
De, Buyl Sophie. "Kac-Moody Algebras in M-theory." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/210850.
Full textNous avons étudié la limite BKL dans le contexte des cosmologies homogènes en terme de billard einsteiniens. Notre analyse confirme la restauration du comportement chaotique du champ gravitationnel lorsque la métrique est non – diagonale, en toutes les dimensions D d’espace-temps telles que 4 En utilisant les propriétés des billards, nous avons déterminé la dimension maximale ainsi que le contenu en champs des théories de la gravitation qui, en D=3, se réduisent à la gravité couplée à une réalisation non linéaire du quotient G/K où G est un groupe de Lie simple non maximalement déployé et K son sous-groupe compact maximal. Les billards peuvent être de volume fini ou infini. Dans ce dernier cas, la dynamique asymptotique du champ de gravitation (et des dilatons) est chaotique. Si le billard est identifiable à la chambre fondamentale de Weyl d’une algèbre de Kac-Moody, le critère pour que la dynamique asymptotique soit chaotique est que l’algèbre de Kac-Moody soit hyperbolique. Nous avons identifié toutes les algèbres hyperboliques résultant d’une théorie de la gravitation couplée à des p-formes et des dilatons. Pour chacune de ces algèbres, nous avons écrit un Lagrangien en dimension maximale. On obtient des actions explicitement invariantes sous les groupes de Kac-Moody G++ (ou G+++) en copiant les modèles sigma décrivant un mouvement géodésique sur une variété homogène de type G++/K(G++) où K(G++) est le sous-groupe compact maximal de G++. Le lien entre cette construction et les théories de la gravitation couplée à des p-formes et dilatons n'est pas encore établi mais certaines connexions ont été mises en évidence. - Nous avons inclus les fermions dans les actions invariantes sous G++. De plus, nous nous sommes intéressés à vérifier la compatibilité des fermions avec les symétries cachées en D=3. Nous avons étudié le comportement des fermions la limite BKL dans le langage des billards. - Dans le cadre des théories invariantes sous G+++, les réflexions de Weyl peuvent s’interpréter comme des dualités entre théorie des cordes. Ces dualités peuvent changer la signature de l’espace-temps en des signatures exotiques ;nous avons obtenu toutes les signatures provenant ainsi d’une signature Lorentzienne.
Doctorat en sciences, Spécialisation physique
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
Falque, Justine. "Classification of P-oligomorphic groups, conjectures of Cameron and Macpherson." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SACLS484/document.
Full textThis PhD thesis falls under the fields of algebraic combinatorics and group theory. Precisely,it brings a contribution to the domain that studies profiles of oligomorphic permutation groups and their behaviors.The first part of this manuscript introduces most of the tools that will be needed later on, starting with elements of combinatorics and algebraic combinatorics.We define counting functions through classical examples ; with a view of studying them, we argue the relevance of adding a graded algebra structure on the counted objects.We also bring up the notions of order and lattice.Then, we provide an overview of the basic definitions and properties related to permutation groups and to invariant theory. We end this part with a description of the Pólya enumeration method, which allows to count objects under a group action.The second part is dedicated to introducing the domain this thesis comes withinthe scope of. It dwells on profiles of relational structures,and more specifically orbital profiles.If G is an infinite permutation group, its profile is the counting function which maps any n > 0 to the number of orbits of n-subsets, for the inducedaction of G on the finite subsets of elements.Cameron conjectured that the profile of G is asymptotically equivalent to a polynomial whenever it is bounded by apolynomial.Another, stronger conjecture was later made by Macpherson : it involves a certain structure of graded algebra on the orbits of subsetscreated by Cameron, the orbit algebra, and states that if the profile of G is bounded by a polynomial, then its orbit algebra is finitely generated.As a start in our study of this problem, we develop some examples and get our first hints towards a resolution by examining the block systems ofgroups with profile bounded by a polynomial --- that we call P-oligomorphic ---, as well as the notion of subdirect product.The third part is the proof of a classification of P-oligomorphic groups,with Macpherson's conjecture as a corollary.First, we study the combinatorics of the lattice of block systems,which leads to identifying one special, generalized such system, that consists of blocks of blocks with good properties.We then tackle the elementary case when there is only one such block of blocks, for which we establish a classification. The proof borrows to the subdirect product concept to handle synchronizations within the group, and relied on an experimental approach on computer to first conjecture the classification.In the general case, we evidence the structure of a semi-direct product involving the minimal normal subgroup of finite index and some finite group.This allows to formalize a classification of all P-oligomorphic groups, the main result of this thesis, and to deduce the form of the orbit algebra: (little more than) an explicit algebra of invariants of a finite group. This implies the conjectures of Macpherson and Cameron, and a deep understanding of these groups.The appendix provides parts of the code that was used, and a glimpse at that resulting from the classification afterwards,that allows to manipulate P-oligomorphic groups by apropriate algorithmics. Last, we include our earlier (weaker) proof of the conjectures
Roccia, Jerome. "La Densité de niveaux du Problème à N-corps." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00176867.
Full textGutlé, Claudine. "Espaces orbitalaires et théorie de la fonctionnelle de la densité : éléments pour le développement d' une approche de la chimie quantique basée sur le théorème de Hohenberg et Kohn ainsi que sur l' équation de Schrödinger, et qui conduit à des résultats exacts en suivant une systématique gouvernée par l' espace orbitalaire." Paris 7, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA077160.
Full textGlanois, Claire. "Periods of the motivic fundamental groupoid of P1\{0, μN,∞}." Thesis, Paris 6, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA066013/document.
Full textFollowing F. Brown's point of view, we look at the Hopf algebra structure of motivic cyclotomic multiple zeta values, which are motivic periods of the fundamental groupoid of the projective line minus 0, infinity and N roots of unity. By application of a surjective period map (conjectured isomorphism), we deduce results (generating families, identities, etc.) on cyclotomic multiple zeta values, which are complex numbers. The coaction of this Hopf algebra (explicit combinatorial formula) is the dual of the action of a so-called motivic Galois group on these specific motivic periods. This entire study was motivated by the hope of a Galois theory for periods, which should extend the usual one for algebraic numbers.(i)In the first part, we focus on the case of motivic multiple zeta values (N = 1) and Euler sums (N = 2). In particular, we present new bases for motivic multiple zeta values: one via motivic Euler sums, and another (depending on an analytic conjecture) which is known as the Hoffman star basis; under a general motivic identity that we conjecture, these bases are identical. (ii)In the second part, we apply some Galois descents ideas to the study of these periods, and examine how multiple zeta values relative to N' roots of unity are embedded into those relative to N roots, when N' divide N. After giving some general criteria for any N, we focus on the cases N=2,3,4, 6, 8, for which the motivic fundamental group generates the category of mixed Tate motives on the ring of integer of the N cyclotomic field ramified in N (unramified if N=6). For those N, we are able to construct Galois descents explicitly, and extend P. Deligne's results
Flon, Stéphane. "Mauvaises places ramifiées dans le corps des modules d'un revêtement." Phd thesis, Université des Sciences et Technologie de Lille - Lille I, 2002. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00002259.
Full textWang, Zhenjian. "Groupes projectifs et arrangements de droites." Thesis, Université Côte d'Azur (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017AZUR4034/document.
Full textThe objective of this thesis is to investigate various questions about projective groups and line arrangements in the projective plane. A projective group is a group which is isomorphic to the fundamental group of a smooth complex projective variety. To study projective groups, sophisticated techniques in algebraic topology and algebraic geometry have been developed in the passed decades, for instance, the theory of cohomology jump loci, together with Hodge theory, has been proven a powerful tool. Line arrangements in the projective plane are of special interest in the study of projective groups. Indeed, there are many open questions related to projective groups, and the theory of hyperplane arrangements, and in particular that of line arrangements, which is quite an active area of research, may provide insights for these problems. Furthermore, problems concerning the fundamental groups of the complements of hyperplane arrangements can be reduced to the case of line arrangements, due to the celebrated Zariski theorem of Lefschetz type. Very often, in the study of projective groups or quasi-projective groups, one usually considers line arrangements first to get some intuitive ideas. In this thesis, we also prove some theorems that are of independent interest and can be used elsewhere, for instance, we prove properties concerning morphisms from products of projective spaces in Chapter 4, we show that some morphisms have generic connected fibers in Chapter 5 and we give criteria for a projective surface to be of general type in Chapter 7
Faliharimalala, Hilarion. "Études combinatoires du tableau d’Euler sur les produits en couronne." Thesis, Lyon 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010LYO10039/document.
Full textIn the last two decades, much effort has been made to extend various enumerative results on symmetric groups to other more general groups. The main objective of this thesis is to extend to wreath products the results that concern the Euler's difference table. It is divided into five chapters. Euler's difference table associated to the sequence {n!} leads naturally to the counting formula for the derangements. In the first two chapters, we study Euler's difference table associated to the sequence {rnn!} and the generalized derangement problem. For the coefficients appearing in the later table, we give the combinatorial interpretations in terms of k-successions on wreath products. Clarke et al. introduced a q-analogue of Euler's difference table on symmetric group. In the third chapter, we extend their results to wreath products. By generalizing their bijection, we prove the equidistribution of the triple statistics “(fix, exc, fmaj)” and “(fix, exc, fmaf)” on wreath products, where “fmaf” is a new mahonian statistic on wreath products. On the other hand, Foata and Han have recently constructed two new transformations. We prove in fourth chapter that their two bijections provide a factorization of Clarke et al.'s bijection. In the fifth chapter we give an extension of Foata’s second fundamental transformation on r-colored words. We show that the bistatistics “(fmaj , des*)” and “(finv , col)” are equidistributed on wreath products, where “col” is the sum of color and “des*” a new statistic
Feltgen, Didier Lydie. "La limite supraforestière dans les Alpes : un nouveau regard sur sa structure et sa dynamique, à la lumière des successions post-pastorales et grâce à la théorie de la hiérarchie (l'exemple des gorges houillères en moyenne Maurienne, dans les Alpes françaises du Nord)." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998GRE10063.
Full textBloch, Isabelle. "L'enseignement de l'analyse à la charnière lycée / universitéSavoirs, connaissances et conditions relatives à la validation." Phd thesis, Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux I, 2000. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00012151.
Full textPar ailleurs l'examen des registres et des ostensifs disponibles pour construire un milieu propre à l'enseignement des notions de fonction et de limite, fait apparaître des potentialités non exploitées dans les registres graphique et formel. Ceci conduit à construire et à expérimenter dans la classe de première Scientifique, une situation pour l'enseignement de la notion de fonction : la situation « Graphiques et Chemins » , et une situation pour une première approche de la notion de limite de suite : la situation du flocon.
Les problèmes rencontrés dans la gestion des situations comportant une dimension a-didactique amènent à s'interroger sur les connaissances que le professeur met en oeuvre pour gérer une situation d'enseignement comportant une telle composante, et sur une modélisation possible du milieu du professeur.
Un questionnaire est construit pour l'étude des connaissances sur l'analyse; son traitement statistique a pour but de tester l'effectivité de l'apprentissage.
Dans l'enseignement supérieur, l'étude de transcriptions de cours et de copies d'élèves permet de s'interroger sur les connaissances nécessaires à ce niveau, et sur l'articulation avec l'enseignement secondaire.
En conclusion, nous proposons quelques pistes de réflexion sur l'équilibre connaissances / savoirs dans l'enseignement des débuts d'une théorie mathématique, et sur l'enseignement possible, au niveau du secondaire, de connaissances requises dans la suite du cursus
Darmon, Olivier-Frédéric. "Eléments pour une meilleure compréhension du processus de formation de l'image du transport collectif urbain. Recherche théorique et application au cas de la région parisienne." Phd thesis, Marne-la-vallée, ENPC, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990ENPC9013.
Full textLi, Huajie. "Contributions to the relative trace formula of Guo-Jacquet." Thesis, Université de Paris (2019-....), 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020UNIP7080.
Full textWe establish global and local trace formulae for infinitesimal symmetric spaces of Guo-Jacquet. We also prove several local results concerning the comparison of regular semi-simple terms which are noninvariant weighted orbital integrals. This thesis contains five chapters. In Chapter 1, we recall the motivations and state our main reults. Our work is inspired by a conjecture of Guo-Jacquet, which is an example in the relative Langlands programme, and analytic problems appearing in the relative trace formula approach. In Chapter 2, we establish an infinitesimal variant of Guo-Jacquet trace formula for the case of (GL (2n, D), GL (n, D) ⨉GL (n, D)). It is a kind of Poisson summation formula obtained by an analogue of Arthur’s truncation. We describe regular semi-simple terms as explicit weighted orbital integrals. In Chapter 3, we estabilish a similar formula and have a similar description of regular semi-simple terms for the case of a central simple algebra containing a quadratic extension. Moreover, we state and prove the weighted fundamental lemma thanks to Labesse’s work on the base change for GL(n). In Chapter 4, we establish an infinitesimal invariant local trace formula of Guo-Jacquet over a p-adic field by following works of Waldspurger and Arthur. During the proof, we also obtain an infinitesimal noninvariant local trace formula, Howe’s finiteness for weighted orbital integrals and the representability of the Fourier transform of weighted orbital integrals. In Chapter 5, with the results in previous chapters, we adopt Waldspurger’s strategy on the endoscopic transfer to prove some relations between Fourier transforms of invariant local weighted orbital integrals
Huang, Yuliang. "Contributions à la géométrie algébrique imparfaite en caractéristique positive." Thesis, Rennes 1, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019REN1S043/document.
Full textThis thesis work, consisting of four parts, is devoted to the study of algebraic geometry in mixed and positive characteristics. In the first part, motivated by a conjectural ramification theory for inseparable torsors, we study the maximal model of a torsor over a local field, which is a generalization of integer rings in classical ramification theory. We prove the maximality and functoriality of maximal models, and calculate them explicitly for some finite flat group schemes of order p. The second part is a joint work with Giulio Orecchia and Matthieu Romagny. We study perfection of algebras and coperfection of algebraic spaces and stacks. We prove that the space of connected components provides the coperfection of an algebraic space, and it represents the colimit of relative Frobenii. In the case of algebraic stacks, we construct the étale fundamental pro-groupoid, and prove that it provides the coperfection, and it represents the colimit of relative Frobenii in Deligne-Mumford case. In the third part, we prove some results on flatness and representability of moduli spaces of torsors under certain group schemes, which naturally arise from the proper moduli space of Galois p-covers (stable p-torsors). We also discuss the relation with generalized Jacobians of open curves. In the last part, we are interested in a new kind of nonarchimedean analytic geometry, with valuations on totally ordered commutative monoids. We study some examples from schemes and adic spaces
Gay, Joël. "Representation of Monoids and Lattice Structures in the Combinatorics of Weyl Groups." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SACLS209/document.
Full textAlgebraic combinatorics is the research field that uses combinatorial methods and algorithms to study algebraic computation, and applies algebraic tools to combinatorial problems. One of the central topics of algebraic combinatorics is the study of permutations, interpreted in many different ways (as bijections, permutation matrices, words over integers, total orders on integers, vertices of the permutahedron…). This rich diversity of perspectives leads to the following generalizations of the symmetric group. On the geometric side, the symmetric group generated by simple transpositions is the canonical example of finite reflection groups, also called Coxeter groups. On the monoidal side, the simple transpositions become bubble sort operators that generate the 0-Hecke monoid, whose algebra is the specialization at q=0 of Iwahori’s q-deformation of the symmetric group. This thesis deals with two further generalizations of permutations. In the first part of this thesis, we first focus on partial permutations matrices, that is placements of pairwise non attacking rooks on a n by n chessboard, simply called rooks. Rooks generate the rook monoid, a generalization of the symmetric group. In this thesis we introduce and study the 0-Rook monoid, a generalization of the 0-Hecke monoid. Its algebra is a proper degeneracy at q = 0 of the q-deformed rook monoid of Solomon. We study fundamental monoidal properties of the 0-rook monoid (Green orders, lattice property of the R-order, J-triviality) which allow us to describe its representation theory (simple and projective modules, projectivity on the 0-Hecke monoid, restriction and induction along an inclusion map).Rook monoids are actually type A instances of the family of Renner monoids, which are completions of the Weyl groups (crystallographic Coxeter groups) for Zariski’s topology. In the second part of this thesis we extend our type A results to define and give a presentation of 0-Renner monoids in type B and D. This also leads to a presentation of the Renner monoids of type B and D, correcting a misleading presentation that appeared earlier in the litterature. As in type A we study the monoidal properties of the 0-Renner monoids of type B and D : they are still J-trivial but their R-order are not lattices anymore. We study nonetheless their representation theory and the restriction of projective modules over the corresponding 0-Hecke monoids. The third part of this thesis deals with different generalizations of permutations. In a recent series of papers, Châtel, Pilaud and Pons revisit the algebraic combinatorics of permutations (weak order, Malvenuto-Reutenauer Hopf algebra) in terms of the combinatorics of integer posets. This perspective encompasses as well the combinatorics of quotients of the weak order such as binary trees, binary sequences, and more generally the recent permutrees of Pilaud and Pons. We generalize the weak order on the elements of the Weyl groups. This enables us to describe the order on vertices of the permutahedra, generalized associahedra and cubes in the same unified context. These results are based on subtle properties of sums of roots in Weyl groups, and actually fail for non-crystallographic Coxeter groups
Ambrosi, Emiliano. "l-adic,p-adic and geometric invariants in families of varieties." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SACLX019/document.
Full textThis thesis is divided in 8 chapters. Chapter ref{chapterpreliminaries} is of preliminary nature: we recall the tools that we will use in the rest of the thesis and some previously known results. Chapter ref{chapterpresentation} is devoted to summarize in a uniform way the new results obtained in this thesis.The other six chapters are original. In Chapters ref{chapterUOIp} and ref{chapterneron}, we prove the following: given a smooth proper morphism $f:Yrightarrow X$ over a smooth geometrically connected base $X$ over an infinite finitely generated field of positive characteristic, there are lots of closed points $xin |X|$ such that the rank of the N'eron-Severi group of the geometric fibre of $f$ at $x$ is the same of the rank of the N'eron-Severi group of the geometric generic fibre. To prove this, we first study the specialization of the $ell$-adic lisse sheaf $R^2f_*Ql(1)$ ($ellneq p$), then we relate it with the specialization of the F-isocrystal $R^2f_{*,crys}mathcal O_{Y/K}(1)$ passing trough the category of overconvergent F-isocrystals. Then, the variational Tate conjecture in crystalline cohomology, allows us to deduce the result on the N'eron-Severi groups from the results on $R^2f_{*,crys}mathcal O_{Y/K}(1)$. These extend to positive characteristic results of Cadoret-Tamagawa and Andr'e in characteristic zero.Chapters ref{chaptermarcuzzo} and ref{chapterpadic} are devoted to the study of the monodromy groups of (over)convergent F-isocrystals. Chapter ref{chaptermarcuzzo} is a joint work with Marco D'Addezio. We study the maximal tori in the monodromy groups of (over)convergent F-isocrystals and using them we prove a special case of a conjecture of Kedlaya on homomorphism of convergent $F$-isocrystals. Using this special case, we prove that if $A$ is an abelian variety without isotrivial geometric isogeny factors over a function field $F$ over $overline{F}_p$, then the group $A(F^{mathrm{perf}})_{tors}$ is finite. This may be regarded as an extension of the Lang--N'eron theorem and answer positively to a question of Esnault. In Chapter ref{chapterpadic}, we define $overline Q_p$-linear category of (over)convergent F-isocrystals and the monodromy groups of their objects. Using the theory of companion for overconvergent F-isocrystals and lisse sheaves, we study the specialization theory of these monodromy groups, transferring the result of Chapter ref{chapterUOIp} to this setting via the theory of companions.The last two chapters are devoted to complements and refinement of the results in the previous chapters. In Chapter ref{chaptertate}, we show that the Tate conjecture for divisors over finitely generated fields of characteristic $p>0$ follows from the Tate conjecture for divisors over finite fields of characteristic $p>0$. In Chapter ref{chapterbrauer}, we prove uniform boundedness results for the Brauer groups of forms of varieties in positive characteristic, satisfying the $ell$-adic Tate conjecture for divisors. This extends to positive characteristic a result of Orr-Skorobogatov in characteristic zero
Cornel, Daniel. "Etude des propriétés électrophysiologiques des protoplastes et des vacuoles libres d'Acer Pseudoplatanus L." Paris 7, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985PA077112.
Full textLazarova, Guergana. "L'impartialité de la justice : recherche sur la circulation d'un principe entre le droit interne et le droit international." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012AIXM1020.
Full textThe principle of impartiality is essentially treate by the French jurists under the angle of the impressive jurisprudence of the European Court of Human Rights. Nevertheless, the international origin of this principle remained unexplored. This study shows that the impartiality is a recurring requirement in the speeches on the justice, and it since the Antiquit. In spite of its philosophic obvious fact, the juridicisation of the principle of impartiality showed itself sinuous and uneven through the history and the legal cultures (Civilian /Common law). The peculiarities of the political system of the United Kingdom so explain the direct applicability of the principle in the motocross from the origins of Common law. On the other hand, in French law, its explicit consecration was late and provoked by the article 6 EHCR
Ledoux, Martin. "Le rôle épistémique de certaines simulations informatiques fondamentales en théorie de l'évolution." Thèse, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/7516.
Full textSoares, Cíntia Dalila. "Évolution dans des populations structurées en classes." Thèse, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/22666.
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