Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Théories des pratiques'
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Catinaud, Régis. "Qu'est-ce qu'une pratique ? : théories et théorisation des pratiques." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LORR0002/document.
Full textThe main purpose of this dissertation is to clarify the meaning of the notion of "practice" in contemporary sociology and philosophy, and to identify the issues related to its theorization.Why is this a problem? Because practice analysts tend to consider that (abstract) theories are unable to account for the concret domain of pratical reality. With their stabilized and finalized idealizations, theories might alter practices, changing and dynamic by nature.We will claim that this position, relatively common in the philosophy of practice,(i) is mistaken about the role and the functions it ascribes to scientific theories, and (ii) is based on a realistic assumption about the nature of practices assuming that they are some kinds of concrete entities existing in the world ; a presupposition that cannot be taken for granted and that, in many cases, might prove problematic.On the contrary, we will argue that practices have to be understood as \textit{concepts} that are derived from particular observational frames, and that allow us to account for different aspects of the social world
Rosier, Laurence. "Le discours rapporté: histoire, théories, pratiques." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/212758.
Full textPaoli, Bruno. "Métrique arabe ancienne : pratiques et théories." Paris 8, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997PA081279.
Full textArabic metrics has always been approached through the filter of al-khalil's circles' theory. Yet the detailed study of a large number of poems and verses attributed to a hundred of ancient poets reveals great discrepancies between actual practice and an " overgenerative " theory which, as it seems, obliterated a traditional way of apprehending poetical and metrical forms. External metrical analysis provides partial explanations for such presumably ancient categorial notions as qasid, radjaz, ramal and takhli', not only in terms of length but also from an internal quantitative point of view. The results of this external analysis can serve as the basis for internal and historical approaches, the overview of which opens up interesting perspectives : further studies should lead to a better understanding of oral compositional techniques and their evolution through time and space ; and of the perception of the poetical rhythms which poets share with each other and with their audience
Sumii, Makoto. "Théories et pratiques de la direction d'acteurs chez Jean Renoir." Thesis, Paris 1, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA01H307.
Full textWhile the direction of actors is one of the most important aspects of Jean Renoir’s art, it is not necessarily well-known. Its understanding has been obscured by theoretical bias or some popular myths (such as the myth of improvisation). The present thesis therefore aimsto reconsider Renoir’s practices and theories in mise en scène of actors by reconstructing his working methods based on archival documents (Cinémathèque française, UCLA), by examining his theoretical reflections on the issue of actors, and by analyzing their performance in his films. First, we will examine an aesthetic shift which occurred at the beginning of his career and which constituted a prelude to his unwavering interest in the question of actors. Next, we will analyse the way in which in the 1930s he progressively elaborated on strategic casting and working methods, seeking to “animate” the characters. We will then consider the American period of the cineaste during which his “French method” was challenged by the Hollywood studios. Finally, we will analyse the approaches adopted by Renoir at the end of his career when his cinema increasingly assumed artificialand theatrical aesthetics. We reevaluate, in particular, his famous “Italian method” of rehearsal by focusing on its relation to the theater. By retracing the development of the direction of actors by Renoir, the thesis attempts to offer as an objective and exhaustive overview as possible
Alcolea-Bureth, Anne-Marie. "Pratiques et théories de l'économie solidaire : un essai de conceptualisation." Littoral, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002DUNK0084.
Full textIn the past few years solidarity economy has had the lion's share of attention. We have become acquainted with this new term due to the social sciences and to national and local authorities. Actually the idea of solidarity economy, as it is still vague to many, has remained a mere notion, which justifies its status of scientific enigma. The objective of this doctoral thesis is to expand the theorical knowledge by suggesting a conceptualization which stems from the experience of various solidarity economy establishements, the economic and socio-political analysis of the third sector as well as the territorial economy. The association of this empirical data has led us to elaborate a concept of synthesis : "territorial solidarity economy". On the basis of socio-economic analysis and after pointing to the flaws of the markets and the state, this elected approach identifies the characteristics of solidarity economy establishements. The particularity of these characteristics is due to the way they function and in the territorially embedded nature of their practice. On a theoretical level, this thesis signals : firstly, the end of the dichotomy of the economic and the socio-political approaches to the third sector ; secondly, it suggests the implementation of a foundation to designate social economy as a scientific subject ; thirdly, because of the multiple means of coordination between the various parties of economic life discussed in this thesis, this research becomes perfectly integrated in today's necessity to set up the concepts of a multiple economy
le, Maire de Romsée Judith. "La grammaire participative. Théories et pratiques architecturales et urbanistiques 1904-1968." Doctoral thesis, Université Paris I Panthéon Sorbonne- ENSA Paris Malaquais, Paris Panthéon Sorbonne, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/218365.
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Ricaud, Raphaël. "La public diplomacy des Etats-Unis : théories, pratiques, effets (1948-2008)." Thesis, Paris 10, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA100143/document.
Full textThis three-part dissertation considers U.S. public diplomacy as a protean American Studies object. Part one is the creation of a theoretical apparatus to assist readers in their comprehension of how America projects its image abroad. The (too) many actors, authors and policy-makers involved in the shaping of American public diplomacy require the creation of a taxonomy. What is more, depending on academic focus, the meaning of public diplomacy varies. To make sense of this heterogeneous set, we choose to use propaganda as the master signifier tying together the different facets of public diplomacy. Part two is a practical study. Quasi hagiographic literature massages the reader into believing public diplomacy is of a virtuous nature. Yet four case studies (Truman’s Campaign of truth, Johnson’s Vietnam War, Reagan’s Office of Public Diplomacy for Latin America and the Caribbean and Bush 43’s so-called “War on Terror”) reveal the width of the gap that separates rhetoric from practice. Part three ponders the difference between supposed and real effects of American public diplomacy. Its most tangible achievement being the creation of a network of influential people and institutions to relay the American message abroad, one may wonder whether American Studies specialists unknowingly become propagandists themselves
Guingouain, Gérard. "Structuration des théories implicites de la personnalité et pratiques éducatives familiales." Université Pierre Mendès France (Grenoble ; 1990-2015), 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986GRE29042.
Full textThis thesis studies the conditions under which implicit personality theories (ipt's) are structured using experiments carried out with children of 10 to 11. After a theorical review of literature about ipt's, with special consideration given to developemental approaches, the author formulates a number of hypotheses about the educational patterns that might promote some particular structurings of ipt's. Flexible and involving educational behaviour, because it gives the child opportunities to experiment and because of the mere conditions of involvment, would lead to a structuring of ipts terms of richer content dimensions and a heavier evaluation factor. On the other hand, strcter educational behaviour would lead, as to ipt's, to a weaker evaluation factor and a reduced dimensionality. Observation of ipt's was carried out through trait sorting tests. Data were grouped according to type of education, social origin and sex of the children. Factor analysis and multidimensional scaling carried out on the data tended to confirm the hypotheses, at least concerning the importance of evaluation factor. The study did not give evidence for significant differences as to dimensionality. The author finally reanalyses the cognitive and socio-cognitive implications of educational patterns. Through further studies about the norm of internality and social categorization, he tries to show a logic which, considering sociocognitive processes, could be the expression or the condition of some form of exertion of power
Allain, Bonilla Marie-Laure. "Visualiser la théorie : usages des théories postcoloniales dans les pratiques curatoriales de l’art contemporain depuis les années 1980." Thesis, Rennes 2, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014REN20028.
Full textThis thesis is a reflection on the relationship between postcolonial theory and curatorial practices in contemporary art, with an emphasis on the permeabilities and dialogic relationship that has developed between them. It does not seek to explain postcolonial theory as applied to curatorial practices or to provide a so-Called user manual, but rather to visualize them. By “visualize” we do not mean to illustrate or present a transliteration of the theory, butinstead to note various developments and embodiments thereof. The United Kingdom and America during the 1980s and early 1990s are the subject of the first part of the thesis to the extent that they are both places of emergence of postcolonial theory and also key societies in the context of colonial history. The second part focuses on the second half of the 1990s and early 2000s, a time when postcolonial theory as a tool become inseparable from the analysis of globalization. Finally, the third part proposes to consider a post-Western world in the 21stcentury, post-Western in the sense that the dissolution of the concept of center/periphery requires certain shifts and epistemological adjustments for which contemporary art exhibitions are active vectors, particularly those seeking to articulate a postcolonial discourse
Monnier-Benoit, Gaëlle. "Cosmétique et hygiène du corps : théories, pratiques et représentations (XIIe-XVe siècle)." Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/11949.
Full textSergent, Marion. "Les artistes musicalistes : théories et pratiques d'une union des arts (1932-1960)." Thesis, Sorbonne université, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021SORUL154.
Full textThe association of « les artistes musicalistes » was founded in Paris in 1932 by Blanc-Gatti, Bourgogne, Stracquadainiand Valensi. The group published manifestoes and articles, gave lectures and surrounded itself by avant-garde artists aswell as the cultural, political and media elite in order to ensure the success of its exhibitions in France and in Europe andof the artworks sent to the Salons. The group reunited after the Second World War, and was active on the Parisian artscene albeit in a more discreet fashion, until the death of its leader Valensi in 1960. After the first part dedicated toretracing the life of the association, the second part of this work draws the portrait of a greatly diverse collective ofartists, situated outside the history of artistic styles. Its aesthetic program is not so much based on formal similarities, butrather on a common creative process : music is a source of inspiration and composition for artists, whether painters,sculptors, architects, poets, decorators or filmmakers. If the connection with the scientific aesthetic and the abstract artresearch of previous decades is easily sketched out, the richness of the theoretical writings and the pictorial or luminouspractices of the musicalistes makes it possible to detail in the third part the different ways of considering the links withmusic : a model, a subject or a collaborator for the visual arts. The fourth part shows how the musical analogy revealedthe utopia of a universal language and of a total fusion of the arts, of the senses and of humanity with nature, withreferences to psychology, physiology, occultism and metaphysics
Kanbar, Hiam. "Théories et pratiques du texte littéraire dans l'apprentissage du français langue étrangère." Besançon, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000BESA1018.
Full textRobert-Demontrond, Philippe. "Arraisonnements et déroutements philosophiques de théories et pratiques en sciences de gestion." Rennes 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012REN1PH02.
Full textStill by now, management sciences are largely ignored by philosophy of sciences. Aiming at filling the gap, this work lands this (multi)disciplinary system by examining various theories and practices – choiced for they are representatives of its current dynamic. Two main approaches are held, in this epistemological project. The first one is called “arraisonnement” (boarding), for its various meanings in french. The goal here is to critically review their silent axiomatics (the collective beliefs, token for obvious, so clear that they are absolutely transparent, that they are never questioned, that they are always mobilised, and used without any worry, in the growth of managerial theories and/or practices). The second approach is called “déroutement” (diversion, rerouting), also for its various meaning in french, directly linked with the concept of “arraisonnement”. The goal her is to propose new destinations or orientations, sometimes in theoretical fields, and other times in practical fields
Betancur, Ramirez Santiago. "Recherches sur la projection internationale des entités subétatiques : théories, pratiques et enseignements croisés." Thesis, Grenoble, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014GREND002.
Full textThe processes of globalization, regionalization and decentralization have created different effects on local dynamics, national and international, causing a higher participation of sub-state entities in the international arena. This action, which may be encouraged by the central government's inability to meet the interests of local authorities on the national and international scene, as well as various political and administrative elements, cultural and economic, has become a phenomenon increasingly taken with greater importance and recognition. This has established an initiative that has spread not only on the European continent but also other geographical areas, such as Latin America. These actions have achieved great traction and interest in a dynamic regarding not only regional but also global in the interests of the local sphere. In this international front, local authorities have projected, on the one hand, through different tools (individual and / or collective), strategic actions contributing to local development, on the other hand, actions that allow them to cooperate and conquer significant spaces on top scenes and consolidated as essential players in processes and important regional and global scenes. This inclusion of non-central governments on the international scene, accompanied by the appreciation of the local sphere, the opening of spaces and an evolution of the international discourse about their role in global issues, regional and national, is an element to project the beginning of a change in the landscape of the international system. This paper studies the emergence of new actors on the international scene and particularly the international influence of local governments on this arena. In this context, we have also identified the process of commitment and implementation of such actions by cities around the world, particularly the activities of Barcelona in Spain, and Medellín in Colombia . Additionally, we have been concerned about the recognition and inclusion of local government in higher structures within regional and global frameworks, such as Mercosur and the UN. This has been done, in part, through the collective action of cities and a network organization, such as networks of Mercociudades and UCLG
Lespinet-Moret, Isabelle. "Théories et pratiques républicaines de la réforme sociale : l'Office du travail : 1891-1914." Paris 10, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997PA100007.
Full textTouré, Marèma. "Femme, genre et initiatives de développement en Afrique sub-saharienne : théories et pratiques." Paris 1, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997PA010580.
Full textHow to construct theories and practices who take into account gender disparities in the global process of development, particularly in Sub-Saharian African societies ? This is the principal question raised by the thesis. Since the origins, the development discours and actions has been fundamentaly build in a gender blind perspective. The multiples pressions of the feminists activists and the action of some institutions including the united nation organisation have improve it. Many theories have been developed to adress the issue of women and development. The object of the thesis is to analyse the differents approches from "welfare" to "women integration in development" (WID) until "gender and development" (WAD). The first part of document includes the research problematic. It also defined the principal concepts and the methodology. The second part describes the global situation of african women. It reminds the principal steps of the internation women movement and analyse the context of the participation of african women into the development initiatives. Also, the experience have shown that there is a big gap between discours and practice. It is why the last part includes two case studies related to women's projects who have been implanted in senegal. The conclusion resumes the mains lessons and try to formulate some recommandations
Eideliman, Jean-Sébastien. ""Spécialistes par obligation" Des parents face au handicap mental : théories diagnostiques et arrangements pratiques." Phd thesis, Ecole des Hautes Etudes en Sciences Sociales (EHESS), 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00333296.
Full textOlaizola, Sánchez Ruth. "Les jésuites au théâtre dans l'Espagne du Siècle d'Or : théories et pratiques, 1588-1689." Paris, EHESS, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005EHES0017.
Full textThe purpose of this thesis is to analyze the actor figure from the Jesuitical stage practice point of view while considering the condemnation of professional theater by the Jesuits during the Golden Age stage controversy. The first part presents a diachronic analysis of a number of tracts, mostly written by Jesuit authors in the context of the stage conttroversy about moral licence in drama, in order to define in which circumstances they were written, who wrote them and so on. The period runs from year 1588 (first text of our corpus) to 1689 (last text of our corpus). The second part is a thematic analysis of these tracts which brings out their different thermes to ground them into the political, social and theatrical context of the time. The third and last part is dedicated to the actor. It provides on one hand an analysis of the professional actor figure (both male and female) envisaged from the angle of their condemnation by the Jesuits, and it studies on the other hand the student actor figure within the Jesuit colleges
PEM, KAMLA EMMANUEL. "Le cadre historique et socioéconomique de la protection sociale au Cameroun : théories et pratiques." Paris 7, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA070128.
Full textThe leading idea in describing and assessing the forms of social protection is that, in every society, the systems of protection vary according to the social structures and affinities between the people to share the goods and services. For that reason, the land, the history, the means of life and the socio-economic conditions are what i bring into consideration. In so doing, the human and physical factors are my key elements. In this approach, the examples of the basa'a and bali groups in the central, the littoral and north-west regions retrace the traditionnal forms of social protection in rural areas and their transposition in city popular areas. Theses examples illustrate the situation of the majority of inhabitants in this country if we refer to official statistics, only 10% are covering in the modern social welfare system. The creation of nation -state in the modern western societies is obedient to reasons which cannot be easily exported to our countries where conception of life and social interaction are experienced very differently. Of course, ways and means can be found for a new pratice of social protection. In our society in crisis, the basical needs of different members of the same community can be satisfied only by a solidarity which in this case appears through the yum and the ndjangi and through the falily as the ground of society
Labrouche, Laurence. "Le parcours théâtral d’Ariane Mnouchkine : théories et pratiques du théâtre du soleil 1969-1994." Paris 10, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995PA100194.
Full textGillet, Jean-Claude. "Théories et pratiques de l'animation : vers une approche praxéologique des années 60 à 1993." Bordeaux 2, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993BOR21008.
Full textSocio-cultural animation, as a concrete activity, exists since more than 30 years, and training to professional animation since about 20 years. A teacher, in his pedagogical practice, cannot be satisfied with the fuzziness that characterizes animation and does not allow to design it as a "concept". Etymological and historical approaches, ideological, functionalist, systemic or technicist definitions of animation send back permanently to a centration founded on humanist or determinist hypothesis, apparently irreconcilable, and which particularly marked the sociological approach of animation. A philosophy of praxis and a turning in psycho sociological field permit to lay out the way of a research not any longer centered on animation as a social fact, but on animation as a practice and as a doing, the whole being articulated on organized cases studies. Then it becomes possible to pull up the mist of ambiguity recovering animation, introducing the concept of "mediaction". The shape of the "animactor strategicus" can emerge, as also a theory of animation considered as a social praxis that participates of the problematic of the crisis of the social bond characterizing our society. A work on modelisation of animation, integrating micro and macro-social, is than built gradually in this research, punctuated continuously by the answers to the questions of the teacher to himself in his pedagogical praxis in order to achieve an effective forming of the professional animators
Lhot, Patrick. "Théories et pratiques de la désindividualisation du processus créateur dans l'oeuvre de Raoul Hausmann." Aix-Marseille 1, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007AIX10023.
Full textBesançon, Emmanuelle. "Théories et pratiques du changement institutionnel en économie solidaire : une approche institutionnaliste par l'innovation sociale." Amiens, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014AMIE0055.
Full textInstitutional change appears as an essential element in the theory of solidarity economy. If it does put forward a conception of institutional change as democratie change (democratization of the political and economie life), we argue that this one, considering its complexity, cannot be approached at a global level. Starting from how it is viewed by theorists of the solidarity economy, we have sought to identify concrete forms and practices taking an active part in institutional change, as well as to highlight the processes by which they diffuse into the economy. Also, we advocate in this thesis the fact that an approach based on social innovation is more than relevant. Besides the growing interest it is currently attracting, we insist on the double process of creation and diffusion of innovations, but also on the transformation of the institutions that appear as the players aim. Thus, the understanding of institutional change underlying solidarity economy can be improved by an institutionalist analysis of its economie implications. This proposal seems all the more well-founded that solidarity economy, as being a recent theoretical field, is still widely perceived as a non-economic issue. Therefore, this contribution hopes to improve the analysis of institutional change in solidarity economy
Atienza, José Luis. "La construction de programmes culturels en didactique des langues étrangères : quelles théories pour quelles pratiques ?" Paris 3, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998PA030103.
Full textThis thesis considers three objectives: 1. To base theoretically the necessity for cultural curricula for teaching of foreign languages; 2. To suggest -in accordance with the theories used for this purpose- a procedure for the desing of such curricula; 3. To propose a didactic model capable of assuring the aplication of the procedure as established. In order to approach the first objective we have based ourselves, on the one hand, on historical and cultural psychology and on the theory of activity which is its central nucleus and, on the other hand, on the pragmatic theories of the language. Based on these foundations, we have proposed a model of cultural construction of human nature -on the phylogenetic and ontogenetic levels- in which language plays a role of primary importance. In effect, it is the mediating instrument par excellence in the hominization processes that take place in the framework of daily social interactions. Moreover, as these interactions, as well as the languages themselves, are integral part of each cultural community, the acquisition of foreign language in the educational system require us to find a way of reconstructing -in a pedagogical context and so that they can be experienced by learners- communicative situations inherent to the target language. In order to try to accomplish the second objective -a procedure for cultural curricula desing, we have proposed a model for the identification of ecologically pertinent social interactions and procedure to make it operational, on the basis of the theoretical assumptions previously expounded. In short, related to the third objective, we have chosen play as a priviled classroom activitys since it has the peculiarity of being culture, space for reconstruction of cultural interactions and instrument of cultural transmission with which the humankind has been gifted throught history
Kouka, Abdelkerim. "Le contrat de transport maritime de marchandises en France et en Tunisie : théories et pratiques." Thesis, Paris 2, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA020069/document.
Full textIn international transportation of the goods by sea, the contract of transport of goods is the act concluded between the charger and the carrier. But, conjunctively, it does not include only these operators. The beneficiary is contracting party of right because he is, in fact, the beneficiary of the contract of transport. From certain moment, it is him who is the commander of the goods and who commands (orders) the execution of the contract. In case of damage, he has to ask for reparation to the carrier. However, to avoid any eventual condemnation, the author of the damage can, to exempt, appeal to one of the excepted perils. But, these cases remain widely debatable both at the level of their number and their consistence. The solution is of reducing at most the number because the briefer is the list of the excepted perils, the more the responsibility is in full objectivism. This solution can be made effective by the adoption of a system of responsibility retaining only the gravest causes of exemption only, which cannot be imputed to the shipping company and which make logically it a rule to know the coincidence and the major forces, the state of the goods, the fact of the charger and\or the addresser and the fact of someone else (third party). However, to be able to ask for repair of damage it is necessary at first to avoid it is enough for the plaintiff (applicant) to prove the production of the damage and the moment of its emergence. What means that he just has only to prove the damage and that this damage occurred when the goods were under the guarding (nurse) of the carrier between the moment of their apprehension and that of their delivery, in destination, in his (her) legal successor such as described in the document of transport. In summary, he has to prove the reality and the importance of the damage undergone because of the way the shipping company settled its contractual duty, in the first one to satisfy its obligation (bond) fundamental and essential to supply a ship with seaworthiness and to maintain this state until the promised result (profit) is reached (affected). If the promised result (profit) is not reached (affected), he (it) lives, in case of damage, responsible. The seaworthiness is the primary condition for a ship. It would be in the ship that the thought belongs to the man. We could support that a person with disrupted mental capacities or working badly is a subject of risks that can be affected by some dysfunction and can even lose the cap. This person will be, certainly; originally at the origin of several disputes and affairs before courts. In the same way, for a ship, the seaworthiness of which is compromised
Lerenard, Mathilde. "Théories et pratiques éducatives dans le Berlin des Lumières : l'oeuvre de Friedrich Gedike (1754-1803)." Thesis, Bordeaux 3, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016BOR30038.
Full textThroughout the political upheavals that had an impact on the European continent over the last three decades of the Eighteenth century, the missions, contents, methods and organization of the educational world were profoundly remodeled. Mainly restricted to an elite and focused on the humanities, education diversified and democratized itself and gradually became a public matter and a State concern which reformed its educational system and integrated a larger part of its population into the public and political sphere. On the eve of the Nineteenth century, the secondary education developed and changed under the action of governments, but also and especially thanks to the commitment of schoolmen. A case study devoted to the work of a Berliner pedagogue and man of the Enlightenment, Friedrich Gedike (1754-1803), and to the two secondary establishments he successively directed between 1779 and 1803, allows not only to extend and deepen knowledge of the Prussian educational landscape and the Berliner Enlightenment, but it is also exemplary on more than one account. It illustrates the creative initiative of schoolmen engaged in a profound reform of education and the Prussian society of the last two decades of the century. Moreover, it highlights the metamorphose of secondary-level education which stands out from universities and diversifies itself with inferior classes proposing a more practical teaching (Bürgerschule) and superior classes preparing for university while teaching humanities (gelehrte Schule). Progressively, the curricula of secondary schools began to propose a balance between linguistic and scientific teaching, but also between ancient and modern languages. The student population began to change: diversifying and democratizing itself. Merit imposed itself little by little as a form of selection and access criteria to higher education and power. Finally, this case study shows the politicization of educational debates and reforms. Through a reform of education, schoolmen and men of letters aimed at a deep reform of society: creating the conditions for tolerance, a real “living together” between social orders, confessions, corporations, and to a certain extent genders, replacing privilege of birth and wealth by individual merit. Moreover, secondary schools became places of learning about a vibrant political culture. Humanities training was accompanied by a citizenship training with an opening up to the modern world, to immediate history and to national and foreign policies. Intellectual curiosity, personal thought, critical thinking and a debating culture were encouraged daily among students. Prussian High Schools became a privileged place for the constitution of a public sphere that would dialog with the institutional power or get access to it, allowing the integration of a larger and diversified part of the population to take part in political decisions. This study demonstrates the importance and the singularity of Friedrich Gedike in the history of education in Prussia
Contrepois, Sylvie. "Stratégies et pratiques syndicales au tournant du XXIe siècle : une contribution aux théories de l'action collective." Evry-Val d'Essonne, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001EVRY0009.
Full textBas, Pierre-Henry. "Le combat à la fin du Moyen Âge et dans la première modernité : théories et pratiques." Thesis, Lille 3, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LIL30028.
Full textWhy and how we use to fight in the late Middle Ages and during the sixteenth century? With what weapons? Following what rules or principles?The objective of this work is to answer these questions by questioning the theoretical and practical uses of weapons. The ones present in European society in the late Middle Ages and during the Renaissance. Three approaches will be explored :– First, the situation on the ground through the study of legal sources, particularly the remission letters in which the presence and use of a weapon can lead to injury or death of an individual.– Secondly, the theory of weapons through the study of Fechtbücher, Germanic fightbooks written by masters at arms of the fifteenth and sixteenth century. They explain the handling of various weapons such as swords, polearms or daggers. Also the foundations of the art of wrestling and fencing on foot and on horseback.– Finally, the contemporary practice. That is to say, the gesture experimentation and the attempted to return old techniques and tactics through teaching methods in a regulatory framework. The goal is to better understand the playful martial gestures of the past.Besides the contribution of sociology, this corpus is completed by literary or normative documents, showing weapons in non-militarized environments such as corporate fencers or martial and sporting events
Kis-Fajardy, Agnès. "Voix et gestes, harmonie et dysharmonie : théories et pratiques dans la rhétorique et la tragédie latines." Paris 4, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA040009.
Full textBy studying the expressiveness of the human body in Latin rhetoric and tragedies, our goal was not to compile tedious lists of intonations and gestures, but rather to return to the primary causes of a nonarbitrary semantics, deeply rooted in the very nature of the soul : hence the importance of philosophy in this study. Indeed, rhetoric exaltes the eloquence of both voice and the gestures, whereas Roman tragedies stage a suffering and even dismembered body. And yet, in both cases, their suggestive power remains the same : far from being confined to the narrow limits of the human body, that expressiveness becomes the living reflection of the human soul in its two dimensions, which are often opposed : unerring reason and errant passions, ever inclined to secede violently. A living metaphor for a microcosm (the soul), the expressiveness of the human body becomes a mirror of the world and of the harmonious or discordant relationships between the various beings
Akakpo, Kokouvi Dodzi Luc. "Les enfants accusés de crimes internationaux : d’une justice hétérogène à une homogénéité des théories et des pratiques." Thèse, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/23683.
Full textRioult, Thibaut. "Illusion du surnaturel et illusionnistes à la Renaissance : entre théories et pratiques, conceptions techniques et représentations sociales." Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PSLEE030.
Full textIllusionism, conjuring art or legerdemain, is simulated magic, staging the supernatural. This thesis provides a global picture of this discipline during the Renaissance period, following two genealogies. The first is technical and practical. It is based on the ancient books of secrets and natural magic, transmitted to scholars, engineers, craftsmen, mountebanks and natural philosophers of the Renaissance periode. It involves a specific aesthetic of shock, wonder or attraction. Its technical subtlety fascinates. Based on ingenium, it assumes a "dual public" of laymen and initiates. It opens to spectacular science and playful technique. It is a powerful teaching tool and an excellent remedy for melancholy. The second genealogy deals with its social reception. Theology, demonology, literature, and the fine arts faced the juggler and made it an illusion sign. This symbol is used by preachers or polemists and takes place at the heart of debates on the nature of devil actions, the power of the sign, or transubstantiation reality. Making the devil the supreme juggler, demonology generally condemns in return the praestigiator and his illusions. Merging these two genealogies, Reginald Scot, Protestant, demonologist and first pedagogue of legerdemain, makes it the instrument of the most radical skeptical criticism, de-demonizing supernatural phenomena. Finally, illusionism is a true object of knowledge, transverse to all the fields, giving a new insight on the Renaissance period technique
Zou, Qiang. "Fabriquer pour la Chine 1978-2008 : théories et pratiques des architectes occidentaux sur les projets étatiques chinois." Thesis, Paris 1, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA010526.
Full textAlongside of the economic reforms and opening-up, China has been experiencing a strong growth which allowed the government to launch many large-scale urban projects. Across the recent history of Chinese urban modernization, we try to put Western architects’ presence into China’s urban modernization context, and intend to figure out the reason for inviting Western “star” architects to construct important official buildings which often have strong ideological meanings, to serve national identity and ambitions. Among the major projects by Western architects, we have selected four projects. They are Fragrant Hill Hotel of I. M. Pei, the National Grand Theater of Paul Andreu, the National Stadium by Herzog & de Meuron and the CCTV of Rem Koolhaas. We have analyzed their construction histories and the impact of Chinese socio-political context on the practices of the architects, in order to understand their intellectual positions in relation to the economic-political power in the era of globalization. In this post-communist era, a new architecture reflecting Chinese social changes is made possible by the intellectual-architects
Benhamza, Fatiha. "Théories et pratiques de l’imagination surnaturaliste dans les œuvres de Victor Hugo, Théophile Gautier et Charles Baudelaire." Paris 10, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA100129.
Full textThis thesis project aims at studying the theory of surnaturalism in the works of Victor Hugo (1802-1885), Théophile Gautier(1811-1872) and Charles Baudelaire (1821-1827). The matter will be the evaluation of the concrete involvements in their litterary works. Consequently, the goal of this work will be, on one hand, analyzing the sociological, metaphysical and psychological foundations of surnaturalism, on the other hand, the evalutation the esthetic developments on the theorical and practical levels. As a result, the research will constitute three main axis : 1) Upstream, authors studied with the detailed and compared analysis of the various classical doctrines of imagination the romantic writers inherit. 2) The study of the speeches and the representations of the esthetic, contemporaries with these authors who shape the immediate background (in the second-third of the nineteenth century) of “the surnaturalism” according to Victor Hugo, Theophile Gautier and Charles Baudelaire. 3) The intrinsic description of the texts of the operating way of the surnaturalist writing, that will be defined
Boukhris, Leïth. "La politique des dividendes en pays en voie de développement, cas de la Tunisie : théories et pratiques." Paris 9, 1991. https://portail.bu.dauphine.fr/fileviewer/index.php?doc=1991PA090004.
Full textIn our thesis, we attempt to analyses, to what extent, in the context of the Tunisian economy, the dividend policy may be an development instrument able to conciliate the often conflicting interests between firms and savers, and the effectiveness of its role in the evolution of the financing system of the economy towards a predominance of direct finance and capital stock. This point of view has leaded us to: -analyses the dividend policy in Tunisia through the evolution of financial theory. Study the relationship between the dividend policy and the state of the capital market. - combine the components of the Tunisian fiscal system with a financial analysis of the dividend policy
Sournin, Dufosse Sophie. "LES THÉORIES LINGUISTIQUES, LES PRATIQUES PÉDAGOGIQUES ET L'ACQUISITION DE LA DÉTERMINATION NOMINALE EN ANGLAIS CHEZ LES APPRENANTS FRANCOPHONES." Phd thesis, Université de la Réunion, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00462508.
Full textLi, Min-Yuan. "Apports des traditions scéniques orientales dans les théories esthétiques et les pratiques du théâtre européen au XXe siècle." Thesis, Lyon 2, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LYO20029/document.
Full textIn the last decade of the 19th century, works of Lugné-Poe and Antoine experiment a new aesthetic representation and search the essence of the theatrical invention in the mise en scène. The director (metteur en scène) becomes the author; toa certain extent, sometimes, s/he takes the predominant role. Throughout the 20th century, the evolution of the directing (mise en scène) accelerates abruptly and it is so violent and sometimes it reaches to a state of anarchy. This is why the aesthetics of oriental scenic tradition, which goes through reproducible art forms, even stereotypical, could provide beacon and safeguards.Paul Claudel is the first person who acquires knowledge about the Orient due to his long stays in Asia. He incorporates the oriental traditions, cultures and philosophies in his playwriting, and proposes new epic and lyric forms in theater, likeone sees in The shoe of satin and Christophe Columbus. Proposing a symbolist theater, he had staged real poems which reflect his cosmology and his poetic vision. Claudel had achieved what Jean-Louis Barrault dreamed of -the "total theater."In the early 20th century, several colonial exhibitions introduced the East to the West. They gave Westerners an opportunity of directly absorbing the oriental scenic tradition. The formalists acting— sacred and aesthetics— in symbolic poetry attractsintellectuals and artists. Particularily, the representations of Sada Yacco and Mei Lan-fang were most enthusiastically received. The theoretical directors were passionate about the expressive and metaphorical acting of their robust,well-proportioned yet flexible bodies, about their moderate and discreet attitude, which were shaped by the ancient Eastern traditions. Although there were slight differences among various Asian theaters, they were grouped under the common name of "Oriental Theatre". In this sense, I would like to analyze the impacts caused by three major events of the western theater history in Europe: the successive visitings of troupe Sada Yacco in 1901, the Colonial Exhibition in 1931, and the arrival of Mei Lan-Fang in 1935. At the same time, we should trace the origins and common characteristics of Asian theaters.When the innovative artists discovered the eastern theater, they were overcame by the authenticity of its theatricality and they mirror the Western theater in opposition to the Eastern theater, in which they denounce the shortcomings of Westerntheatrical convention. The oriental scenic tradition shows them the paradoxical aesthetic: (1) unornamented decoration yet enriching in the metaphorical layout; (2) stylized artificial acting but realistic-details revealing; (3) short performance butrequiring long-term training; (4) creations constrained by tradition but set free by the talent of artist; (5) one theatrical art integrating various arts.Referring to these oriental characteristic forms, Craig seeks to find a "definite form", Meyerhold tends to establish a new convention of theatricality. As for Brecht, he goes further into developing theory, and his writing aims to produce the effect of"alienation." Artaud, on the other hand, wants to "terminate the masterpieces" and allow real stage language to speak for itself.After these pioneers who discovered sources from the Orient, directors who follow these doctrines such as Grotowski, Barba, Brook, and Ariane Mnouchkine turn their spiritual search and introspective towards the Orient, in hopes of generating their own aesthetics which could be realized in practice. Therefore, their creations reflect not merely Eastern traditions nor do they apply only Western conventions, but they are fertilized and born out of their appropriation to the Orient, mingled with these directors’ own personality, their "tribe" and their cultural preferences
Masquelier, Juliette. "Traditions, adaptations, contestations. Théories et pratiques de l'émancipation des femmes dans quelques organisations catholiques (Belgique francophone, 1960-1990)." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/284523.
Full textDoctorat en Histoire, art et archéologie
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Binot, Aurélie. "La conservation de la nature en Afrique centrale entre théories et pratiques : des espaces protégés à géométrie variable." Paris 1, 2010. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00508990.
Full textMarcolini, Patrick. "Esthétique et politique du mouvement situationniste : pour une généalogie de ses pratiques et de ses théories (1952-1972)." Nice, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009NICE2001.
Full textArtistic avant-gardes of the first part of the 20th century had started to bring closer, and for some of them to collaborate to the contemporary political movements, but the situationist movement (which begun in 1952 with the foundation of the Lettrist International, and ended in 1972 with the auto-dissolution of the Situationist International) was characterized by the complete fusion between art and politics. From this viewpoint, our work demonstrates how spectacle, which was initially used by situationists to designate the artistic representation and the passive and compensatory contemplation that accompanies it, proved to be for them the paradigmatic experience of the modern man faced with the products of his activity in the capitalist society. We also demonstrate how dérive and psychogeography, which were initially thought in the context of the supersession of art, were used by situationists as means to protest against the established order, making a critique of everyday life, and to imagine another form of society. Finally, we show how this vision of another society was divided between a futuristic utopia based on the technological development and a revolutionary romanticism inspired by the examples of the nomadic peoples and the medieval societies
Sournin-Dufossé, Sophie. "Les théories linguistiques, les pratiques pédagogiques et l'acquisition de la détermination nominale en anglais chez les apprenants francophones." La Réunion, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00462508/fr/.
Full textAmong all the difficulties that all learner is confronted with when learning a foreign language at school, one important is the difference between the second language and the mother tongue. We'll use, as a case analysis, the example of the noun determination in English compared to that of the French. We'll study language facts, school grammar books, recent school books as well as copies of "sixième" pupils. In a theoretical chapter, we'll analyse the english system of determiners according to A. Culioli, and more generally according to the late enunciativist theories. We'll propose a thesis of applied and inter-disciplinary research in linguistics, didactics and education
Arena, Francesca. "Folles de maternité. Théories et pratiques autour du diagnostic de la folie puerpérale. (XVIIème – XXème siècles, France – Italie)." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012AIXM3045.
Full textFrom the modern age we will retrace the key representations of women madness in puerperium, to emphasize the organic dimension. Even during the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries, doctors insist on the morbid layers and make the woman a weak and sick being, exposed to all kinds of diseases including insanity. It is during the eighteenth century that the behaviors, emotions and feelings of the mother become subject to the scientific outlook, which shakes part of the organic dimension of insanity to include a gradual mental dimension. But it is only in the nineteenth century with the birth of new medical disciplines that the speech is clear and focuses around a diagnosis: that of puerperal insanity. The interpretation remains essentially linked to the biological dimension of motherhood (the puerperium madness: from pregnancy, childbirth and breastfeeding), even if we start to incorporate a reflection on the implications of the mother madness on the development of children and on infanticide . These disorders were originally conceived only as disorders of women during the puerperal state, then conceived as disorders of pregnancy and it is only very recently that one could imagine the problems related to parenthood. It is only during the twentieth century and with an ambiguous interpretation (organic and mental) that can be traced back distinctions between maternal depression and postpartum psychoses. A long period was required to separate parenthood from the biological fact of birth: a necessary step to integrate also all the people in charge of the first links with the child, that is to say fathers, adoptive parents, relatives and so on
Avignon, Carole. "L'église et les infractions au lien matrimonial : mariages clandestins et clandestinité : théories, pratiques et discours : France du Nord-Ouest (XIIe-milieu-XVIe siècle)." Phd thesis, Paris Est, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00462183/en/.
Full textVan, Thi Kim Cuc. ""Théories implicites" de l'enfant au Vietnam : représentations parentales de l'intelligence dans leurs rapports avec les identités sociales, les attitudes et les pratiques éducatives." Toulouse 2, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001TOU20010.
Full textThe object of our doctoral research was to study the parental representation of the child and of his intelligence as seen in their relations with social identities and educational attitudes and techniques. This study was conducted in two stages : first an exploratory, then an intensive stage. In the exploratory phase, the use of semi-directive interview with 24 parents brought to light their representations concerning the child in general : his moral qualities, his leisure activities, his scholastic aptitudes, his intelligence, his illness and handicaps. An analysis using the ALCEST computer program (Analysis of co-occurant lexemes in simple utterances in the text) shows that the Vietnamese parents' representations are ambivalent in regard to their children, filled with preoccupations linked to diseases and handicaps and the hope associated with their moral qualities and work an scholastic performance. In the intensive phase, we quantitatively deepened the investigation of representations of the child's intelligence and development with a sample of 160 parents from the region of Hanoi who had at least one 7 year old child. The results confirm our general hypothesis according to which, in the representation referring to the child's intelligence, there coexist implicit theories stemming from the socio-subjective context and more formalised theories stemming from a scientific reflection concerning infancy. These theories are used in a differential way by the subject according to his social identity, his attitudes regarding his own child and are closely linked to educational methods. It is through these representations that we discover certain traditional representations, which have resisted over time and others which are in a transitional phase with modern life. The parents try to mobilise their energy both in the theories and educational techniques so as to adapt as well as possible to modern life and to the process of globalisation. In these attempts, it seems that Vietnamese fathers are more receptive to scientific information, more theoretical in their representations and more dynamic in their actions than Vietnamese mothers. On the other had, the mothers are less affected by ideological and psychological obstacles of the feudal tradition than the fathers and they present more coherent style in their actions and their thinking
Moreau, Daniel. "L’enseignement de l’histoire et l’apprentissage de la pensée historique : Description des fondements et des pratiques d’enseignants d’histoire de troisième et quatrième années du secondaire, des écoles francophones du Québec." Thèse, Université de Sherbrooke, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/8943.
Full textBourse, Loic. "Le développement local dans un contexte de mondialisation : une confrontation entre théories et pratiques à partir de deux études de cas : Bamako (Mali) et Marseille." Thesis, Aix-Marseille 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011AIX10001/document.
Full textOverall, development theories are not only explanatory models of social change but are primarily theoretical models strongly imbued with ideology justifying the action axes of program development policies. Initially, the theories proposed for the 'southern' countries to “take off” or to wipe the historical order of international dominance as a solution to the riddle of development. In a second step, in the late 1970s, they were the means of ensuring strong economic growth for “North” and “South” countries by the application of SAPs. From the 1990s, a new set of theories of development proposes a form of political action distinct from structural adjustment: local development. It comes in three main action axes:- the return of politics as an institution of economic and social regulation through the ideas of governance and participatory democracy ;- optimization of economic growth and social services by political regulation ;- local development as a production and a regulation level of the politic, the social and the economic.Thus, whether at the level of scientific theories or political agendas, these three axes are the prerequisites of social change. But must these prerequisites be followed to lead the Local Development? This is the question that we tried to address through the perspective of local development practices in a city of a “South” country, Bamako, Mali, and in a city of a “North” country, Marseille, France
Pichet, Eric. "Convergence des pratiques de gouvernance dans les grandes sociétés cotées à actionnariat dispersé." Littoral, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006DUNK0161.
Full textThe researcher community is currently rife with bitter debate about the possible convergence between corporate governance practices. The present study uses the concept of shareholder value to broach this topic in a theoretical framework integrating contributions made in the fields of management and economics by the contractualist (analysing the distribution of organisational rents) and cognitive (analysing how firms create value) schools of thought. Based on a sample of 200 large publicly listed companies, all global players featuring dispersed shareholdings, we show how between 1994 and 2004 there was a trend towards the convergence of governance practices (main hypothesis), as well as an acceleration therein (secondary hypothesis). We then analyse the drivers behind this convergence process and try to identify the basic corporate governance principles that apply to large listed companies. This study paves the way towards further research on listed companies and helps to build a new corporate governance theory synthesizing the contractualist and cognitivist perspectives
Detry, Nicolas. "Le patrimoine martyr et la restauration post bellica : théories et pratiques de la restauration des monuments historiques en Europe pendant et après la Seconde Guerre mondiale." Thesis, Lyon, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LYSE2120/document.
Full textRestoration of historical monuments after 1945 is based on the acceptance or the rejection of the drama of loss. I identified for major periods of restoration in Europe after WWII : 1939-1945; 1946-1972 ; 1973-1989 ; 1990-2015. In France, as opposed to Germany or Italy, historiography in architecture still does not deal much with the history of restoration post-bellica, ie with historical monuments destroyed during WWII and progressively restored afterwards. The historiographical task at hand is to study within different contexts (Germany, France, Italy, ex-Yugoslavia, etc) the practices of restoration once peace is back, ie the architectural intervention on the ruins produced by war. Although ferments of restoration (for both works of art and architecture) can be identified, in the current sense of the term, as early as the 1930’s, the discipline is going to mature under the impetus of the immense workshop of post-bellica restoration. Methods, techniques and theories, still valid today, are then produced and applied. My suggestion is that such a workshop can be considered as an European lab within which a kind of "invisible college" is at work, centered around a few major international experts. Architects, historians of art, superintendents, archeologists, natural and social scientists share their experiences and points of view. Research laboratories, universities, museums, churches, international organizations are involved from all over Europe. But Italy is at the heart of the « invisible college ». I have organized the analysis of the post bellica restoration around the question of "lacunes" (deficiency, gaps; shortcomings), first from a theoretical point of view. Then I imagined a new way, a typology of architectural shortcomings in order to explain a practical point of view and constructive comes after the repair or "reintegration of lacune (gap)". I identified different families of "lacune" (gaps) affecting older buildings caught in the war. It’s then possible to speak about "lacune" at different scales and regardless of the type of hit artefact. I wanted to guide the reader through the maze of post bellica restoration, with the "lacune" used as a red string. The hole or the fall of a fragment of plaster in a mural painting, the impact of machine gun in a stone facade, falling arches and a church structures, fractures in the rhythmic span of a facade the complete collapse of the nave and the apse of a church, the destruction of the urban fabric around a monument and the demolition of an old stone bridge are all shortcomings that make us react. That's faces these shortcomings, different each time, what post bellica restoration thought martyr heritage, subject of this thesis
Beauné, Aurélie. "Contribution à l'étude des pratiques instrumentées des formateurs d'adultes : le cas du Diplôme Initial de Langue Française (DILF)." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015USPCB176/document.
Full textFrom the early 2000s, French governments have undertaken a series of reforms to the institutional framework for the training of migrants, including particularly the creation of the DILF (Initial Diploma in French Language) and various indications for the use of Information and Communication technology (ICT). In this thesis, the impact of these reforms on educators practices was questioned, using activity theories and especially the theory of expansive learning (Engeström, 1987). These reforms have altered the object of migrants training activities : as Engeström defined the theory, there should be an expansive transformation of the entire system of activity. Instead of that result, the analysis tends to show that the object alteration refers to a restrictive transformation
Bennour, Abdelmajid. "La participation des habitants à l'amélioration de leur cadre de vie : représentations sociales et stratégies des acteurs et des groupements dans deux quartiers populaires : théories et pratiques." Paris 8, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997PA081467.
Full textTheoretical and empirical analysis show that different meanings of participation exit (participation solidarity, participation-dispute and participationmanagement) and that several groups of inhabitants who have their own logical and strategy of action coexist. For some institutional actors, participation means the possibility of having the inhabitants to adhere to their plans - and is conceived as an instrument of management. For others, it means on the contrary a possibility to mobilize the inhabitants of one neighbourhood, to create a bound of solidarity and/or to contest the decisions taken by institutional actors. Three types of groups can be distinguished in one quarter that will develop logics and various strategies of action according to local context and the position of actors one to another and the relation to the overall social system. The groups promote various participations (militants, voluntaries, users, beneficiaries, etc. ) and can come into conflict, in competition or can be supplementary depending on the political context and each actor's position. In this context, partipation-management suggested by the institutional actors, in particular in one social quarter development, must take the actors configuration, in account in one social quarter where three types of groups exist. In this sens, the methods of participation suggested by elected representatives are at the same time the result of action strategies configuration developed by different actors and a new process of inhabitants participation
Ianeva, Maria. "La restructuration du travail chez Santé Info : du développement de l’activité d’un centre de contact spécialisé à ses incidences sur les pratiques situées." Thesis, Lyon 2, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LYO20085.
Full textOur research deals with the organizational change within Health Info, the inbound call center for a number of mutual health insurance companies. Health Info provides users with health information and referral for the purpose of helping them to make better choices in healthcare and to reduce their expenses. In order to improve the service delivered to the clients of the mutual insurance companies, call operators’ activity was redesigned. Some of the most experienced call center agents formed a new team (referred as the « social team »), which had the responsibility to process the information requests of users in need of financial support, different kind of allowances, within outbound calls. In this context, the goals of this doctoral thesis is to understand this organizational change as a development, that of Health Info’ collective activity but also that of the local individual practices. We build upon three approaches to the study of context - activity theory, situated action and situated cognition. Our research is based on a two years ethnographic study. We have used various data collection techniques. Those included ethnographic observation, video recordings of naturally occurring situations as well as interviews with staff members. We systematically attended and video recorded the regular staff meeting of the « social team ». We also shadowed staff members and followed specific « client cases » as first identified by call operators, then processed by the members of the « social team » and eventually transferred for further analysis to the social worker. Our results highlight several contradictions underlying Health Info’ current development. On one hand, Health Info is an additional service designed to fit within the those already existing of the mutual insurance companies. But it is also an autonomous service provider whose clients are the mutual companies. On the other hand, the « social team » reveals another contradiction between different work perspectives, namely that of informing users and helping them or providing them with support. Furthermore, our study underlines the practical dimensions of Health Info’ restructuring. The analysis of situated practices shows that works perspectives are grounded on salient configurations which are both emergent in situ and collectively elaborated cultural resources. The contributions of this doctoral thesis are to address some of the a) methodological and b) conceptual challenges arising from the use of activity theory as a theoretical framework in empirical studies, c) triggers off some interesting considerations on collective competencies and on well-being in the workplace