Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Théories des Forces'
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the top 50 dissertations / theses for your research on the topic 'Théories des Forces.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Browse dissertations / theses on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.
Bouba, Oumarou. "Théories quantique et semi-classique des intégrales radiales de transitions dipolaires et multipolaires des états excités : Applications au calcul des forces d'oscillateur et des probabilités de transition dans l'approximation à une configuration." Orléans, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986ORLE0010.
Raffy, Clementine. "Letting in Romance." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris 8, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021PA080070.
The aim of this thesis is to try to propose a new solution to an old problem: what does it mean to 'let something happen'? It can be understood either as the granting of permission or as the absence of intervention. But how do we know which of these two readings we are dealing with? In order to answer this question, I use the French verb laisser and the Spanish verb dejar as examples, since each of these two verbs can give rise to two distinct causative syntactic constructions, one monoclausal and the other biclausal (although the two biclausal constructions differ from one language to the other). The idea is therefore to understand (i) whether these different degrees of syntactic complexity are reflected at any level in the interpretation of these causative constructions, and (ii) whether they differ from one language to another, since the constructions also differ. In order to understand the relationship between morphosyntax and conceptual representation(s), I present the three experiments I conducted in order to test the mapping from syntactic structure and interpretation. These experiments show that morphosyntax is not the primary factor in the interpretation of laisser- and dejar-causative; on the contrary, other factors, such as the notion of authority as well as the causal concept of prevention, seem to be more relevant for the choice of one reading over another. Finally, I show, thanks to causal models, that although these relations are expressed through causative constructions, they are in fact the representation of unrealized properties rather than the expression of any actual causal relation
Pierre, Thomas. "L'action en force et les forces en action : sociologie de la force au travail." Thesis, Metz, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011METZ012L/document.
This study falls within the focus of research on pragmatic sociology concerning engagement schemes of action. This thesis sets out to compliment the competence to judge and the actions by person through a strategic action regime modelisation system. This involves examining this regime within the internal economy and its relation with other schemes of engagement which can be considered as a resource to denounce and justify.This inquiry employs different resources which impact the production of different categories of analysis and description. First of all, the study is based on the body of theory in pragmatic sociology and disagreements postulated in sociology. Secondly, a focus on the work of N. Machiavelli, equated with political grammar of strategic action. Followed, by an analysis of two empirical surveys linked to the research themes treated. The first survey concerns the planning related to logistical sub-contracting in the electronical commercial domain. The second survey, analyses the work concerning the representation of an electoral enterprise campaign.The strategic action of regime is a lens to analyze and construct a framework of the actions and situations which are based on the principles of equity of power. The situations consist of power struggles aimed to keep or conserve that which is good. The evaluation of situations such as power relations facilitate the reduction of uncertainty in carrying out actions, in order to classify the situations and proceed to distribution of goods. Virtù refers to the competence of people in strategic actions which facilitate engagement in strategic situation
Comparat, Daniel. "Formation de molécules froides par photoassociation d'atomes froids de césium. Mise en évidence de forces à longue portée entre atomes froids excités de césium." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 1999. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00002752.
Knaepen, Bernard. "Cohomologie BRST locale des théories de p-formes." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/211931.
Burdin, Sébastien. "Théories de champ moyen pour les systèmes d'électrons à fortes corrélations." Habilitation à diriger des recherches, Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux I, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00711167.
Lequeu, Emmanuel. "G-formes [epsilone]-hermitiennes et induction, formes trace de G-algèbres galoisiennes." Besançon, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003BESA2062.
Kristensen, Simon. "Sur deux formes d'approximation." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002STR13003.
Morin, Guillaume. "Calcul moulien et théorie des formes normales classiques et renormalisées." Phd thesis, Observatoire de Paris, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00521709.
Morin, Guillaume. "Calcul moulien et théorie des formes normales classiques et renormalisées." Phd thesis, Observatoire de Paris (1667-....), 2010. https://theses.hal.science/tel-00521709.
This text is about normal forms of differential equations. The first part of this text deals with retarded (or delayed) differential equations ; these equations appear for example in tide computations and also in physiological modeling, where they have a particular interest. The search of normal forms of retarded differential equations is made difficult as the initial conditions space is of infinité dimension. We present a computation by Faria which reduces this difficulty : first we make a projection on a finite dimensional central manifold, on which it is possible to make a classical (i. E. Poincaré-Dulac) normal form computation. Then we extend this result with the help of Gaeta's method of renormalization. By using these two methods, we prove a theorem giving existence of a renormalized normal form of a retarded differential equation. In the second part, we present the mould calculus by Jean Ecalle. We use this formalism to compute normal forms of formal vector fields and apply it then to hamiltonian formal vector field in cartesian coordinates, the in action-angle coordinates. We obtain then a new proof of a normal version of Birkhoff's theorem on normal forms, and Kolmogorov's theorem. We present also a Maple worksheet, which shows how easily mould can be implemented in formal computations
Jari, Mohammed. "Les dépenses militaires en Afrique : analyse et théorie." Bordeaux 1, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990BOR1D008.
This research deals with : I, origin of military expenditures. II, change in military expenditures. III, defense investissement strategy
Tristani, Isabelle. "Existence et stabilité de solutions fortes en théorie cinétique des gaz." Thesis, Paris 9, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA090013/document.
The topic of this thesis is the study of models coming from kinetic theory. In all the problems that are addressed, the associated linear or linearized problem is analyzed from a spectral point of view and from the point of view of semigroups. Tothat, we add the study of the nonlinear stability when the equation is nonlinear. More precisely, to begin with, we treat the problem of trend to equilibrium for the fractional Fokker-Planck and Boltzmann without cut-off equations, proving an exponential decay to equilibrium in spaces of type L1 with polynomial weights. Concerning the inhomogeneous Landau equation, we develop a Cauchy theory of perturbative solutions in spaces of type L2 with various weights such as polynomial and exponential weights and we also prove the exponential stability of these solutions. Then, we prove similar results for the inhomogeneous inelastic diffusively driven Boltzmann equation in a small inelasticity regime in L1 spaces with polynomial weights. Finally, we study in the same and uniform framework from the spectral analysis point of view with a semigroup approach several Fokker-Planck equations which converge towards the classical one
Gras, Olivier. "La sexualité analyseur : théories et politiques des sexualités." Thesis, Montpellier 3, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012MON30001/document.
Sexuality become a scientific object following psychoanalysic discoveries. The extension of sexuality by Freud with the libido theory allow more complete and broader investigation of sexuality, showing it as a phenomenon of totality. Social sciences however did not insert this enlargement into their theorizings on the sexuality delivering a definition of this one according to their paradigms and disciplinary interpretative frames. Also, the politicization of sexuality has at first interpreted the question of freudian libido in a critical utopia, that of the sexual liberation of Mai 68. In second time, it has ideologised ans partialised the sexual question by orientating the debate on the sexual minorites questions. Critical step adopted in this thesis allows to show that sexuality as object is the analyser of concrete sexualities. Sexuality is a native force in the foundation of subjectivity, intersubjectivity and social trainings. Sexuality can’t be conceptualised in a reductionnist way. This complicacy is necessarily polemical because it consists in epistemological and political stakes, but also in ethical, praxeological and metaphysical stakes
Poly, Guillaume. "Formes de Dirichlet et applications en théorie ergodique des chaînes de Markov." Phd thesis, Université Paris-Est, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00690724.
Becher, Karim Johannès. "Invariants de corps en théorie des formes quadratiques et radical de Kaplansky." Besançon, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001BESA2038.
Zhang, Wenxing. "Études théoriques de l'effet de couplage électron-phonon sur les propriétés de transport dans les nanofils de silicium." Thesis, Lille 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009LIL10016/document.
In this thesis, the electronic structure, the phonon spectrum, and the electron-phonon (e-p) coupling effect in transport properties of Silicon Nanowires (SiNW) have been studied systematically based on Tight-Binding (TB) model and Valence-Force-Field (VFF) model. The electronic structure of SiNW is strongly dependent on the orientation and the diameter, even changing from direct gap to indirect gap, and the gap of SiNWs decreases and tends to the bulk value as the diameter increases. The phonon spectra are also dependent on the orientation and the diameter. It’s a character of nanowires that there are four acoustic phonon modes. Based on the calculation of both low field mobility and lifetime of electrons in SiNWs along [110], it’s confirmed that at room temperature the transport of carriers in SiNWs strongly depends on the phonon scattering, involving both optical phonons and acoustic phonons. The mobility increases and tends to the bulk value when the diameter increases. The mobility decreases in power law when the temperature increases from 77K to 300K. The relationship between the mobility and the density of carrier is more complicated. For low density of carrier (<10 19/cm3), the mobility is almost constant because it is approximately independent on the Fermi level at low concentration. For higher concentration, the mobility is strongly dependent on the density of carrier because the Fermi level is high enough to cross the conduction band edge (CBE) and multi-band transport becomes important. In a second study undertaken in this thesis, TB model and Nonequilibrium Green's Function (NEGF) are used to calculate the ballistic transport properties of carbon nanotube (CNT) heterojunctions (n1,m1)/(n2,m2)/(n1,m1). The conductance of semiconducting junctions decreases exponentially when the length of the middle CNT (n2,m2) increases. However, the conductance of (12,0)/(9,0)/(12,0) increases when the length of the CNT (9,0) increases. This anomalous increase of conductance is explained and reproduced very well by an exponentially dropped potential. Furthermore, the relationship between the conductance and the rotation symmetry in metallic jonctions is studied. The conductance spectra change periodically, and there are three different spectra at most for a special type of jonction. This universal behavior of conductance can be well understood by the phase difference of electrons, which travel through two interfaces of a junction. Finally, the ballistic conductance of multi-Iead junctions is studied and the possibility of making pure CNT electronic device is revealed
Kissine, Mikhail. "Contexte et force illocutoire: vers une théorie cognitive des actes de langage." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/210618.
Doctorat en Langues et lettres
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
Sulzer, David. "Modélisation des interactions faibles en théorie de la fonctionnelle de la densité." Phd thesis, Université de Strasbourg, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00945896.
Bourgeois, Bénédicte. "La théorie des nombres dans l’œuvre de J. -L. Lagrange." Paris 13, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990PA132023.
Kebbab, Eric Franck Idir. "Aspects géométriques des principes locaux-globaux dans la théorie abstraite des formes quadratiques." Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2014. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00990237.
Bensoudane, Hicham. "Etude différentielle des formes fractales." Dijon, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009DIJOS051.
The framework of this thesis concerns the application of the IFS model to the geometric modeling. The aim is to treat the problems related to modeling and reconstruction of objects composed of smooth areas and rough areas, such as works of art. Depending on the nature of objects, applications and treatments to achieve, the models used differ : polar forms and subdivisions curves and surfaces for smooth objects, fractal models for rough objects. The problem that we pose is to explore the possibility to get a model unifying all these models. We propose a method to study the differential properties of fractal curves and surfaces defined by the IFS model. This study is based on the concept of local fractional derivative and of an iterative process of building the shapes defined by the IFS model. The method that we propose to calculate local fractional derivative allows to determine the differential behaviour of fractal curves and surfaces : on the one hand, we use the calculation of tangents vectors to model curves and surfaces composed of smooth areas and rough areas. Secondly, we use the calculation of the critical order of derivation to infer the degree of roughness of fractal curves and surfaces. Thus, we introduce two new methods : the first allows the construction of piecewise curves and surfaces that are fractal and smooth at the same time ; the second is used to compute the fractal dimension and Hölder exponent
Bengoechea, Paloma. "Corps quadratiques et formes modulaires." Paris 6, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA066425.
This thesis is devoted to the study of interactions between quadratic fields and modular forms. The first part is about real quadratic fields. We study how the theory of periods relates continued fractions and modular forms. Using reduction theories for binary quadratic forms of positive discriminant and Diophantine approximation on the projective real line, we prove some conjectures of Zagier and other unexpected results about certain real functions giving the even parts of the period polynomials of the modular forms which are the Fourier coefficients of the kernel function for the Shimura-Shintani lifts. We also improve a classic theorem of Serret on continued fractions. The second part is about imaginary quadratic fields. Modular forms related to Shimura-Shintani lifts appearing in the first part of the thesis arise from integral quadratic polynomials with positive discriminant. In the second part, we study the meromorphic analogues, with negative discriminant. Finally, we compute the Galois action on the special values of theta functions normalised by the Dedekind eta function using Shimura reciprocity law. As a consequence, we prove some experimental results of Cohen and Zagier and we deduce some results on the non-vanishing of these special theta values
Roussey, Sylvain. "Isotropie, corps de fonctions et équivalences birationnelles des formes quadratiques." Besançon, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005BESA2029.
Levie, Jérôme. "Dualité gravitationnelle et symétries des p-formes en théorie de supergravité et de supercordes." Paris 6, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA066299.
Piana, Daniela. "Formes de la rationalité et changement social : pour une théorie cognitiviste de la rationalité." Paris 4, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA040024.
Zouhal, Lalla Merieme. "Contribution à l'application de la théorie des fonctions de croyance en reconnaissance des formes." Compiègne, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997COMP1032.
A pattern classifier using neighborhood information in the framework of belief functions theory was recently proposed. In this approach, each of the nearest neighbors of a pattern to be classified is considered as an item of evidence supporting certain hypotheses concerning the class membership of that pattern. This information is provided in the form of a belief structure, defined as a function of the distance between the pattern under consideration and its neighbors. In the first part of our work, we propose to determine the optimal values of the parameters used in the method by minimizing the mean squared error by gradient descent. The method is generalized to search the optimal metric than the euclidean. Alternatively, the minimum of function error can be approximated in one step, by a Taylor series up to the first order, for large number of training patterns. In the second part of the work, this approach is extended to handle the more general situation in which training patterns are assumed to have some degree of membership to each class. Two methods are described. The first one exploits the relationship between fuzzy sets, possibility distributions and consonant belief structures. The evidence of the k nearest neighbors of a pattern to be classified is then pooled using either Dempster’s rule of combination or a possibilistic rule such as fuzzy set intersection. The second a. Pproa. Ch is ba. Sed on a generalization of the Dempster-Shafer theory to fuzzy sets. It consists in representing the evidence of each training pattern by a belief structure with fuzzy focal elements. The combination of the different structures is then performed using the generalized Dempster rule
Jacob, Subrenat Virginie. "Formes de l'intime, figures d'intimité : pour une théorie psychanalytique de l'intime et des intimités." Nice, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010NICE2006.
What is “intime” is located in what is dissimulated, hidden and kept secret. While “intimités” depend on the myths and on the constructions of the logos. From this statement, we suggest that the “intimités”, in their relation with constructions based upon myths and fictions, could be considered as defensive answers when we draw nearer the “intime” – a notion filed with mystery, especially when it is closed to the question of the origins. In order to distinguish “intime” and “intimités”, we have used the difference between mystical and tragical concepts. And we have established that “intime” was depending of tragic, while “intimités” depend of the myths. Man finds in the intimacies a representation of his identity. While the notion of “intime” allows a metaphoric re-presentation. This one comes as en echo towards what is strange in “my own being”. For our demonstration, we relay upon the re-presentation which is given by art (what even art is pictorial, musical or poetical). The intimate is located beyond the “intimités”, which are characteristic of the human being, in an an-historical place, which is found in the original “yes”. This sentence, always ready to be repeated, is called Bejahung. In our opinion, we can find the “intime” in this presence saying “yes”, the strangeness of which is total, and which shows that the “subject of the unconscious”. Besides, this idea coincides with the external side of the intimate, mentioned by Lacan and named by him “the extimity”. From this possible re-actualization offered by the Bejahung, we suggest to study an ethic of the intimate, characterized when the subject says “yes” to this unknown part of himself. This part of his being gives him the possibility to live intimate moments, as where time is absolute. Besides, if “intimités” depend of what can be represented, as it comes with pictorial art, “intime”, for its part, cannot be represented. Consequently, “intimités” which are specular and fantasmatic, take the form of human figure, and are defined structurally by limited contours. While “intime”, place of radical incognito, opens with unlimited
Gouillon, Nicolas [Eric Sylvain]. "Minorations explicites de formes linéaires en deux logarithmes." Aix-Marseille 2, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003AIX22072.
The lower bounds for linear combinations with integer coefficients of algebraic number of logarithms are important tools in towards the effective resolution of some diophantine equation classes. On this context the particular case of two logarithms is especially useful. To obtain such lower bounds we use here the so-called Schneider's method with multiplicity. The proof is based on the use of interpolation determinants and on a multiplicity estimate. Our multiplicity estimate, whose proof is reminiscent of the original method due to D. W. Masser, appears, in our case, to be more efficient than the general statements previously employed. We use a standard method to obtain a lower and an upper bound for some non zero determinant that enables us to obtain a fondamental inequality containing many arbitrary parameters. We can deduce from this last inequality a list of lower bounds which are totally explicit for linear forms of logarithms
Léonard, Paul. "Proust et l'esthétique impressionniste : théories, formes, perspectives et techniques impressionnistes dans "A la recherche du temps perdu"." Paris 3, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA030198.
Commonplace of the literary critics, the connection of proust's work and especially of his novel, Ala recherche du temps perdu to the painting and esthetics of the impressionists is nevertheless found wanting of a systematic and precise study. Beyond the proustian theory of impression and style as well as his visual and pictorial illustration expressed through the imaginary paintings of elstir, it is the entire impressionistic school that permits us to explain the recherche and to divulge analogies as much from a formal point of view as from a theoretical and a thematic one. These analogies emphasize the modernity of the proustian novel by realizing the depth of transformations that he imposed, just as the impressionistic school did, on the concepts of reality embodied by the traditional representation. On both sides, an identical phenomenalistic approch dictates the expressive forms and partakes of the famous phenomenological self awareness of the perceptive consciousness and, consequently, of art itself, which became its faithful interpreter
Sebban, Marc. "Modèles théoriques en reconnaissance de formes et architecture hydride pour machine perceptive." Lyon 1, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996LYO10307.
Maksoud, Alexandre. "Théorie d’Iwasawa des motifs d’Artin." Thesis, Lille 1, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LIL1I026/document.
This thesis studies from the viewpoint of cyclotomic Iwasawa theory certain non-critical Artin motives (in the sense of Deligne), and in particular those attached to classical weight one modular forms that are regular at p. Firstly we define a Selmer group, and show that it is torsion on the corresponding Iwasawa algebra. We then compute the constant term of its caracteristic series in terms of p-adic logarithms of global units, under some mild assumptions. We also highlight a phenomenon of trivial zeros à la Mazur-Tate-Teitelbaum. Secondly we construct a p-adic L-function by deformation by means of Hida theory. Finally we formulate a Iwasawa Main Conjecture for such Artin motives. We show that it follows from the Iwasawa Main Conjecture for ordinary modular forms of weight greater than or equal to 2, and we inconditionally prove one divisibility of our Conjecture
Vespa, Christine. "La catégorie Fquad des foncteurs de Mackey généralisés pour les formes quadratiques sur F2." Paris 13, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA132041.
Hasnaoui, Mohammed. "Théorie asymptotique des ondes de Boussinesq dans le champ de la force de Coriolis." Lille 1, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986LIL10164.
Benayoun, Claude. "La force majeure au regard des obligations de l'entreprise : applications et limites d'une théorie." Grenoble 2, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993GRE21001.
How definie the act of god's theory ? This is an event wich exonerate a debitor who didn't respect his agreement. In our hypothesis of work, the debtor is a firm because, to day, many firms are involved in civil or commercial agreements. According to us, in its attempt to be exonerated, the firm does n't only have to establish its absence of fault. More, the firm has to porve that the event, so called act of god, isn't the result of the firm's running. At any rate, when a customer or an employee complains about his agreement's inexecution, our thesis tries to demonstrate why the act of god's theory, called upon by in the firm, has to be, in part, an objective theory, by including an element of exteriority
Li, Kaiyun. "Algorithmes géométriques pour la reconstruction de formes." Nice, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994NICE4711.
Faux, Francis. "Détection et suivi de visage par la théorie de l’évidence." Pau, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PAUU3037.
This thesis is concerned with the study of the robust tracking of a human face by a colour video camera. Using a motorized pan-tilt-zoom camera placed in an indoor context such as an office, the goal is to analyze images in real time and maintain the face in the centre of the image plane by a dynamic centering. By explorating the extremely abundant face detection state of the art, and by crossing the discourses of specialists in transverse disciplinary fields like philosophy, we indicate that a clear definition of the face is illusive. Hence, in order to take account of our face appearance uncertainty, we represent the face within the belief theory framework, by a fuzzy model merging two complementary information sources. First colour, because it stands out as a very good discriminating criterion. Based on the Denœux cautious rule, the colour fusion model considers the information source dependence. However in our application context, instead of selecting the minimal value among the colour weights, we recommend a compromise operation which retains an intermediary value between minimal and maximal weightings. This flexibility influences favourably colour fusion quality. Finally, to synthetize the face evidential model, the Viola and Jones detector attributes, choosen because of their excellent faculty to detect faces, are converted in basic belief assignments and then merged with the colour model using a variant of the adaptive Florea fusion rule. In order to track face in position, size and pose, the evidential model is placed upstream a classic bootstrap particle filter. The target (i. E, the face) is modelled as a vector representing an ellipse. The tracking algorithm is composed of two phases. First, the state vector centre position is estimated by taking into account the pignistic probability resulting from the fusion process. Then, from this position, the shape parameters are computed. From these data, the visual servoing insures the pursuit task and controls the camera zoom to keep face with a constant size inside the camera image plane. By adapting the face evidential model parameters values, we show the possibility to influence the particle filter behaviour. Nevertheless, the interaction control between the fusion process and the particle filter remains delicate. Indeed, a badly adapted fuzzy contribution can distort the face model and lead to the filter divergence. That is the reason why we intend to use the modern tools in automation to manage the fusion parameters and control a certain level of tracking robustness
Charpe, Matthieu. "Institutions économiques et diversité des formes de fragilité financière : théories et applications aux cas japonais et sud-américain." Paris, EHESS, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008EHES0133.
Since the 70's financial crises have become recurrent, even habituai; and few economies have been spared. The most recent financial crises, in particular in those countri. Es with complex financial systems such as Japan and the United States, remind us that the banking system is at the heart of financial fragility. The literature on financial crises makes two major points. First, there are no financial crises without credit. Financial crises are the result of a process, which is triggered by the peculiar nature of credit. Second, the depth of the crises is determined by the banking sector's resilience. The resolution of the crisis depends on whether there is a banking crisis and/or on the efficiency of the management of banking crisis by public authorities. This work aims to formalize some of the mechanisms linked to credit and to the banking sector, which plays a central role in financial crises. In addition, the theoretical models are tested to the Japanese and to the South American cases. This work raises 5 issues: 1. Debt accumulation and debt deflation spirals 2. Debt default 3. Bankruptcies 4. Banking crises 5. Public intervention
Fouquet, Olivier. "Tour de courbes de Shimura, systèmes de kolyvagin et théorie d’Iwasawa des formes modulaires ordinaires." Paris 6, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA066431.
Laverne, Jérôme. "Formulation énergétique de la rupture par des modèles de forces cohésives : considérations théoriques et implantations numériques." Paris 13, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA132024.
The present work relies on the energetic approach for brittle fracture proposed by G. A. Francfort and J. -J. Marigo. Developments have been made to overcome some deficiencies in this theory : the surface energy is now a function of the displacement jump between the cracks lips (cohesive forces) and the mechanical fields are calculated by seeking the local minima of the total energy. We theoretically proved that it is possible to predict the onset of three-dimensional cracking in a sound structure by using only the least energetic principle. The obtained yield criterion depends on the choice of the surface energy. Besides, two numerical models have been developed to predict a bi-dimensional crack evolution in a given direction. These types of brittle fracture models are then tested numerically by using cohesive elements in several test cases
Togni, Olivier. "Force des graphes : indice optique des réseaux." Bordeaux 1, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998BOR10596.
Paper, Pascal. "Surface équivalente radar : calculs théoriques et application à des objets de formes quelconques." Paris 11, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985PA112063.
This thesis develops a method allowing Radar Cross Section computation for complex shaped objects. The study only consists in estimating specular reflexion and diffraction by wedges for perfectly conductive target. The technic consists, for a given incidence, in meshing the stationary phase zones. Physical Theory of Diffraction is then applied and, in order to improve computation convergence, limits of the integration area are suppressed. Otherwise the sharpness of the mesh and the size of integration area affect the accurary of result. Their influences were studied on canonical surfaces. The great interest of method is that it can be applied to a very general geometry
Laurain, Antoine. "Domaines singulièrement perturbés en optimisation de formes." Nancy 1, 2006. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/SCD_T_2006_0178_LAURAIN.pdf.
In shape optimization, the main results concerning the case of domains with smooth boundaries and smooth perturbations of these domains are well-known, whereas the study of non-smooth domains, such as domains with cracks for instance, and the study of singular perturbations such as the creation of a hole in a domain is more recent and complex. This new field of research is motivated by multiple applications, since the smoothness assumptions are not fulfilled in the general case. These singular perturbations can be handled now with new and efficient tools like topological derivative. In the first part, the structure of the shape derivative for domains with cracks is studied. In the case of a smooth domain, with boundary of class C1 or lipschitzian for instance, the derivative depends only on the perturbations of the boundary of the domain in the normal direction. This structure theorem is no longer valid for domains with cracks. We extend here the structure theorem to domains with cracks in any dimension for the first and second derivatives. In dimension two, we get the usual result, i. E. The shape derivative depends also on the tangential components of the deformation at the tips of the crack. In higher dimension, a new term appears in addition to the classical one, coming from the boundary of the manifold representing the crack. In the second part, the singular perturbation of a domain is approximated by using self adjoint extensions of operators. This approximation is first described, then it is applied to a shape optimization problem. An approximated energy functional can be defined for this model problem, and we obtain in particular the usual formula of the topological derivative. In the third part, a numerical application of the topological and shape derivatives is proposed for a non-linear problem. The problem consists in maximizing the energy associated to a Signorini problem in a domain . The evolution of the domain is done with the help of a levelset method to handle easily topological changes
Lamboley, Jimmy. "Variations autour de formes irrégulières et optimales." Phd thesis, École normale supérieure de Cachan - ENS Cachan, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00346316.
- gérer des formes dont on ne connaît pas a priori la régularité,
- gérer des contraintes géométriques fortes, c'est-à-dire qui ne permettent que très peu de variations pour écrire l'optimalité (par exemple la convexité).
Les résultats obtenus sont décrits dans les quatre chapitres de cette thèse :
- le premier vise à établir un cadre de différentiation de forme valable pour des formes presque sans régularité a priori,
- le chapitre 2 s'attache à l'analyse des conditions d'optimalité sous contrainte de convexité, en dimension 2, et leurs applications à une classe de problèmes où les formes optimales sont nécessairement des polygones,
- le troisième chapitre se focalise sur deux problèmes classiques de l'optimisation de forme des valeurs propres du laplacien, qui montrent bien les deux types de difficultés évoquées ci-dessus. On y démontre des résultats de régularité, et aussi de non-régularité, des formes optimales pour ces problèmes ; on obtient des limites de régularité en $\C^{1,1/2}$ qui sont nouvelles et optimales,
- le dernier chapitre est motivé par la question des problèmes elliptiques partiellement surdéterminés, et on construit des contre-exemples liés à l'optimisation de forme.
Grandpierre, Benoît. "Produits automorphes, classification des réseaux et théorie du codage." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Lille 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009LIL10019.
Borcherds’ [Phi]12 function is a modular form in 26 variables for the orthogonal group O+(II2,26) and the character determinant, of singular weight 12, it was constructed by Borcherds in 1994 together with the automorphic products theory. It determines the Fake Monster Lie Algebra, which plays the fundamental role in the proof of the Moonshine Conjecture. [Phi]12 is also a reflective form (its zeros are hyperplans of orthogonal reflections in O+(II2,26)). Many examples were constructed by Borcherds, and Nikulin has proved there is, in principle, only a finite number of reflective modular forms. Gritsenko and Nikulin classified reflective modular forms in the case of maximal lattices of signature (1,2) (1998-2002). Other important examples of reflective forms of singular weight were constructed by N. Scheithauer (2000 - 2005). The classification of reflective modular forms is a very important question, such forms have many applications in different fields of mathematics and physics : in the theory of Kac-Moody algebras, in algebraic geometry, in string theory... In this thesis, we describe a new class of reflective forms related to the Borcherds’function [Phi]12. The signature of the orthogonal groups we consider goes between (2,3) and (2,25). All the forms we obtain are quasi pull-back of [Phi]12. This arithmetic method gives more than 60 reflective modular forms, the first of them being the Siegel modular form of weight 35 constructed by Igusa in 1964
Lefèvre, Éric. "Fusion adaptée d'informations conflictuelles dans le cadre de la théorie de l'évidence : application au diagnostic médical." Rouen, INSA, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001ISAM0007.
Morier, Clément. "Du politique comme dimension morphologique : la théorie des catastrophes et la question des formes de société." Thesis, Lyon 3, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LYO30056/document.
This work aims to understand the way societies are shaped and to identify the constraints within they move themselves. It tries to answer the question of how social agents turn out to act collectively in shared social space, in other words to make society. This work take forms into account following Marcel Gauchet’s work. Indeed Marcel Gauchet has managed to grasp the differentiated patterns structuring collective life, characterising them as resulting from the deployment of an autonomous functioning of human-social communities, by extraction from heteronomy. The present work goes on step further and, considering the establishment and possible change of the configurations of a human-social space, it wonders about the constraining framework of the formation of this space. This internal shaping is looked into from René Thom’s morphological approach. Indeed, through his Catastrophe Theory (CT), René Thom compiled a list of stable forms and processes of change, unstable over time, but steady as far as the conditions of their formation are concerned. It accentuates the core issue: the organization of the collective dimension through immanence, and the political management of the historical dimension drive us to examine the inner historicity of communities from the concept of morphological process and according to the distortions it may undergo. This concept proves useful to understand the morphological dynamic which enable communities to hold together
Lorin, Clément. "Théorie de la microgravité magnétique. Conception, dimensionnement et contrôle d'environnement microgravitationnel." Thesis, Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008INPL065N/document.
The thesis deals with magnetic gravity compensation. First of all magnetic levitation experiments are explained with the help of a magneto-gravitational potential SL. Next, a general analysis method of the magnetic force is developed which employs magnetic field harmonics. The method underlines both the significance and role of the first three magnetic field harmonics on the resulting forces inherent in magnetic gravity compensation. In cylindrical geometry – with translational invariance – various combination of magnetic, gravitational and centrifugal forces open new possibilities for the magnetic levitation. A suitable combination of both magnetic and centrifugal forces allows exactly compensating gravity on diamagnetic materials. In axisymmetric geometry – with rotational invariance – designs of feasible oxygen magnetic levitation stations are introduced (NbTi@4,2K). Levitation of oxygen volumes more than one litre with inhomogeneities less than 1% can be accomplished within these magnetic levitation facilities. The constitution of the stations makes possible both spatial and temporal variations of the resulting acceleration configurations. At last the dynamic magnetic compensation of gravity with a real coil system is studied so as to simulate both acceleration and deceleration of spaceships
Amate, Laure. "Apprentissage de modèles de formes parcimonieux basés sur les représentations splines." Nice, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009NICE4117.
In many contexts it is important to be able to find compact representations of the collective morphological properties of a set of objects. This is the case of autonomous robotic platforms operating in natural environments that must use the perceptual properties of the objects present in their workspace to execute their mission. This thesis is a contribution to the definition of formalisms and methods for automatic identification of such models. The shapes we want to characterize are closed curves corresponding to contours of objects detected in the scene. We begin with the formal definition of the notion of shape as classes of equivalence with respect to groups of basic geometric operators, introducing two distinct approaches that have been used in the literature: discrete and continuous. The discrete theory, admitting the existence of a finite number of recognizable landmarks, provides in an obvious manner a compact representation but is sensible to their selection. The continuous theory of shapes provides a more fundamental approach, but leads to shape spaces of infinite dimension, lacking the parsimony of the discrete representation. We thus combine in our work the advantages of both approaches representing shapes of curves with splines: piece-wise continuous polynomials defined by sets of knots and control points. We first study the problem of fitting free-knots splines of varying complexity to a single observed curve. The trade-o_ between the parsimony of the representation and its fidelity to the observations is a well known characteristic of model identification using nested families of increasing dimension. After presenting an overview of methods previously proposed in the literature, we single out a two-step approach which is formally sound and matches our specific requirements. It splits the identification, simulating a reversible jump Markov chain to select the complexity of the model followed by a simulated annealing algorithm to estimate its parameters. We investigate the link between Kendall's shape space and spline representations when we take the spline control points as landmarks. We consider now the more complex problem of modeling a set of objects with similar morphological characteristics. We equate the problem to finding the statistical distribution of the parameters of the spline representation, modeling the knots and control points as unobserved variables. The identified distribution is the maximizer of a marginal likelihood criterion, and we propose a new Expectation-Maximization algorithm to optimize it. Because we may want to treat a large number of curves observed sequentially, we adapt an iterative (on-line) version of the EM algorithm recently proposed in the literature. For the choice of statistical distributions that we consider, both the expectation and the maximization steps must resort to numerical approximations, leading to a stochastic/on-line variant of the EM algorithm that, as far as we know, is implemented here for the first time
Grandpierre, Benoît. "Produits automorphes, classification des réseaux et théorie du codage." Thesis, Lille 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009LIL10019/document.
Borcherds’ [Phi]12 function is a modular form in 26 variables for the orthogonal group O+(II2,26) and the character determinant, of singular weight 12, it was constructed by Borcherds in 1994 together with the automorphic products theory. It determines the Fake Monster Lie Algebra, which plays the fundamental role in the proof of the Moonshine Conjecture. [Phi]12 is also a reflective form (its zeros are hyperplans of orthogonal reflections in O+(II2,26)). Many examples were constructed by Borcherds, and Nikulin has proved there is, in principle, only a finite number of reflective modular forms. Gritsenko and Nikulin classified reflective modular forms in the case of maximal lattices of signature (1,2) (1998-2002). Other important examples of reflective forms of singular weight were constructed by N. Scheithauer (2000 - 2005). The classification of reflective modular forms is a very important question, such forms have many applications in different fields of mathematics and physics : in the theory of Kac-Moody algebras, in algebraic geometry, in string theory... In this thesis, we describe a new class of reflective forms related to the Borcherds’function [Phi]12. The signature of the orthogonal groups we consider goes between (2,3) and (2,25). All the forms we obtain are quasi pull-back of [Phi]12. This arithmetic method gives more than 60 reflective modular forms, the first of them being the Siegel modular form of weight 35 constructed by Igusa in 1964
Avrillon, Simon. "Coordination des muscles ischio-jambiers : de la performance à la blessure." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SACLS081/document.
The understanding of hamstrings coordination is a trending topic in human movement science because of their potential involvement in both performance and injury. However, current experimental methods based on muscle activation recording or musculoskeletal modeling do not enable the identification of the factors that influencing muscle coordination for each individual. Addressing this issue is fundamental to understand how the central nervous system explores and exploits a set of many feasible coordination to adopt a good enough solution that enables producing a given motor task. This manuscript aims at describing hamstring coordination with in vivo data. The experimental part of this work is based on three studies that explored the coupling between muscle activation and the hamstrings mechanical properties. Also, this work aims at understanding the factors that influence muscle coordination of each individual, the effect of muscle coordination on their performance and their adaptation after a muscle injury.Our results show that hamstrings coordination varies substantially among active and elite athletes. We have shown that hamstrings coordination was not determined by the mechanical properties of each muscle, i.e. the imbalance of activation between hamstrings is not related to the imbalance of force production capacity. In addition, hamstrings coordination appears more or less advantageous in order to perform during a time to exhaustion task. Finally, muscle coordination differs between injured and uninjured legs, even after the completion of rehabilitation. Specifically, the injured muscle contributes in a lower extent to hamstring total torque in comparison with the same muscle of the opposite leg. These differences could have negative consequences in the short term (for performance) and in the long term, which could hypothetically increase the risk of reinjury