Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Théorie semi-Paramétrique'
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Harari-Kermadec, Hugo. "Vraisemblance empirique généralisée et estimation semi-paramétrique." Paris 10, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA100136.
Full textEmpirical likelihood is an estimation method inspired by the classical likelihood method, but without assuming any parametric model for the distribution of the data. The empirical likelihood method can be described as the maximization of the likelihood of a discrete distribution supported by the data. It can be used to build confidence regions, as long as the parameter of interest is defined by some moment constraints. In this thesis, we will generalize the empirical likelihood method to a wide family of empirical discrepancy methods. We give in particular non asymptotic results for some well-chosen discrepancies. We will also propose an extension of empirical likelihood to Markov chains. Those theoretical results will be used in two. The first one proposes to evaluate some risk index for the exposition to methyl-mercury via sea products consumption, by taking into account several data sources. The second one evaluates the effect of social norm on obesity
Ouhbi, Brahim. "Estimation non paramétrique dans les processus semi-markoviens et application en fiabilité." Compiègne, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997COMP1046.
Full textAttaoui, Said. "Sur l'estimation semi paramétrique robuste pour statistique fonctionnelle." Phd thesis, Université du Littoral Côte d'Opale, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00871026.
Full textLévy-Leduc, Céline. "Estimation semi-paramétrique de la période de fonctions périodiques inconnues dans divers modèles statistiques : théorie et applications." Paris 11, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA112146.
Full textThis thesis is devoted to semiparametric period estimation of unknown periodic functions in various statistical models as well as the construction of nonparametric tests to detect a periodic signal in the midst of noise. In chapter 1, we propose asymptotically optimal estimators of the period of an unknown periodic function and of the periods of two periodic functions from their sum corrupted by Gaussian white noise. In chapter 2, we propose a practical implementation of the period estimation method based on the ideas developed in the first chapter that we test on simulated laser vlbrometry signals. This algorithm is used in chapter 3 on real musical data. In chapter 4, we propose an estimator of the period when the observations are those of a particular almost periodic function corrupted by Gaussian white noise as well as a practical implementation of the method. This algorithm has also been tested on laser vibrometry data. In chapter 5, we propose a test in order to detect periodic functions in the midst of noise when the period of the function and the variance of noise are unknown. It is proved to be adaptive in the minimax sense and has been tested on laser vibrometry data
Knefati, Muhammad Anas. "Estimation non-paramétrique du quantile conditionnel et apprentissage semi-paramétrique : applications en assurance et actuariat." Thesis, Poitiers, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015POIT2280/document.
Full textThe thesis consists of two parts: One part is about the estimation of conditional quantiles and the other is about supervised learning. The "conditional quantile estimate" part is organized into 3 chapters. Chapter 1 is devoted to an introduction to the local linear regression and then goes on to present the methods, the most used in the literature to estimate the smoothing parameter. Chapter 2 addresses the nonparametric estimation methods of conditional quantile and then gives numerical experiments on simulated data and real data. Chapter 3 is devoted to a new conditional quantile estimator, we propose. This estimator is based on the use of asymmetrical kernels w.r.t. x. We show, under some hypothesis, that this new estimator is more efficient than the other estimators already used. The "supervised learning" part is, too, with 3 chapters: Chapter 4 provides an introduction to statistical learning, remembering the basic concepts used in this part. Chapter 5 discusses the conventional methods of supervised classification. Chapter 6 is devoted to propose a method of transferring a semiparametric model. The performance of this method is shown by numerical experiments on morphometric data and credit-scoring data
Barbu, Vlad. "Estimation des chaînes semi-markoviennes et des chaînes semi-markoviennes cachées en vue d'applications en fiabilité et en biologie." Compiègne, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005COMP1568.
Full textThe first part of my thesis concerns the discrete time semi-Markov models and the associated nonparametric estimation. The obtained results are used for deriving estimators of the systems reliability and of the associated measures. The asymptotic properties of the estimators are studied. An example illustrates how to practically compute the reliability indicators. The second part of my thesis is devoted to the estimation of hidden semi-Markov models. The asymptotic properties of the estimators are studied and an EM algorithm is proposed. An application in genetics for detecting the CpG islands in a DNA sequence shows the interest of our researches
Georgiadis, Stylianos. "Estimation des systèmes semi-markoviens à temps discret avec applications." Thesis, Compiègne, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013COMP2112/document.
Full textThe present work concerns the estimation of a discrete-time system whose evolution is governed by a semi-Markov chain (SMC) with finitely many states. We present the invariance principle in a multidimensional form for the semi-Markov kernel (SMK) and some associated measures of the process. Afterwards, we study the nonparametric estimation of the stationary distribution of the SMC, considering two different estimators, and we prove that they hold the same asymptotic behavior. We introduce also the first hitting probability. We propose an estimator and study its asymptotic properties : the strong consistency and the asymptotic normality. On the other hand, we focus on the study of the dependability of semi-Markovsystems. We introduce the interval reliability whose special cases are the reliability and the availability measures and we study the asymptotic properties of a proposed estimator. Moreover, we present a comparison of nonparametric estimation for various reliability measures based on two estimators of the SMK, realizing a unique trajectory and multiple independent observations.Furthermore, this work provides results on the discrete-time semi-Markov case with general state space. We evaluate the average and diffusion approximation of Markov renewal chains. Finally, we are also interested in another class of processes for which we obtain results in the framework of queueing systems. We establish the average approximationfor the Engset model in continuous time and we apply this result to retrial queues
Trevezas, Samis. "Etude de l'estimation du Maximum de Vraisemblance dans des modèles Markoviens, Semi-Markoviens et Semi-Markoviens Cachés avec Applications." Phd thesis, Université de Technologie de Compiègne, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00472644.
Full textTrevezas, Samis. "Etude de l'estimation du maximum de vraisemblance dans des modèles markoviens, semi-markoviens et semi-markoviens cachés avec applications." Phd thesis, Compiègne, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008COMP1772.
Full textWe construct the maximum likehood estimator (MLE) of the stationnary distribution an of the asymptotic variance of the central limit theorem for additive functionals of ergodic Markov chains and we prove its strong consistency and its asymptotic normamlity. In the sequel, we consider a non-parametric semi-Markov model. We present the exact MLE of the semi-Markov kernel that governs the evolution of the semi-Markov chain (SMC) and we prove the strong consistency as well as the asymptotic normality of every finite subvector of this estimator by obtaining explicit forms for the asymptotic covariance matrices. The asymptotics were considered for one trajectory of SMC as well as for a sequence of i. D. D. Observations of a SMC censored at a fixed time. We introduce a general hidden semi-Markov model (HSMM) with backward recurrence time dependence. We prove asymptotic properties of the MLE that corresponds to this model. We also deduce explicit expressions for the asymptotic covariance matrices that appear in the CLT for the MLE of some basic characteristics of the SMC. Finally, we propose an improved version of the EM algorithm for HSMM and a stochastic version of this algorithm (SAEM), in order to find the MLE for non-parametric HSMMs. Numerical examples are presented for both algorithms
Gassiat, Elisabeth. "Déconvolution aveugle." Paris 11, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA112005.
Full textConsidering a signal X which is a process of random variables identically independently distributed, and the signal Y obtained by filtering X through a linear system s, we study the estimation of s from the observation of y in the following semi-parametric situation the law of X is unknown and non Gaussian, and s has an inverse of convolution with finite length. We need no assumption on the phase of the system, i. E. On the causality or non causality of s. We propose an estimation by maximum objective. The estimates are consistent and asymptotically Gaussian this result is still available what-ever the dimension of the index space of the series is. We study the asymptotic efficiency of the estimate and, in the causal case, we compare it to the usual minimum square estimates. The output y being an autoregressive field, we propose a consis- tent method of identification of the order of the model. We study different types of robustness robustness to underparametrization, robustness to additive noise on the observations. We also inves tigate the case where the law of X has infinite moments, and we show that, for "standardized cumulants" as objectives, and under assumptions which are in particular verified for laws in the attraction demains of stable laws, the obtained estimates are still consistent, and the speed of convergence is, in the causal case, better than for laws with finite variance
Nguyen, Thi Mong Ngoc. "Estimation récursive pour les modèles semi-paramétriques." Phd thesis, Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux I, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00938607.
Full textZhao, Pan. "Topics in causal inférence and policy learning with applications to precision medicine." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Montpellier (2022-....), 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024UMONS029.
Full textCausality is a fundamental concept in science and philosophy, and with the increasing complexity of data collection and structure, statistics plays a pivotal role in inferring causes and effects. This thesis delves into advanced causal inference methods, with a focus on policy learning, instrumental variables (IV), and difference-in-differences (DiD) approaches.The IV and DiD methods are critical tools widely used by researchers in fields like epidemiology, medicine, biostatistics, econometrics, and quantitative social sciences. However, these methods often face challenges due to restrictive assumptions, such as the IV's requirement to have no direct effect on the outcome other than through the treatment, and the parallel trends assumption in DiD, which may be violated in the presence of unmeasured confounding.In that context, this thesis introduces an innovative instrumented DiD approach to policy learning, which combines these two natural experiments to relax some of the key assumptions of conventional IV and DiD methods. To the best of our knowledge, the thesis presents the first comprehensive study of policy learning under the DiD setting. The direct policy search approach is proposed to learn optimal policies, based on the conditional average treatment effect estimators using instrumented DiD. Novel identification results for optimal policies under unmeasured confounding are established. Moreover, a range of estimators, including a Wald estimator, inverse probability weighting (IPW) estimators, and semiparametric efficient and multiply robust estimators, are introduced. Theoretical guarantees for these multiply robust policy learning approaches are provided, including the cubic rate of convergence for parametric policies and valid statistical inference with flexible machine learning algorithms for nuisance parameter estimation. These methods are further extended to the panel data setup.The majority of causal inference methods in the literature heavily depend on three standard causal assumptions to identify causal effects and optimal policies. While there has been progress in relaxing the consistency and unconfoundedness assumptions, addressing the violations of the positivity assumption has seen limited advancements.In that context, this thesis presents a novel policy learning framework that does not rely on the positivity assumption, instead focusing on dynamic and stochastic policies that are practical for real-world applications. Incremental propensity score policies, which adjust propensity scores by individualized parameters, are proposed, requiring only the consistency and unconfoundedness assumptions. This approach enhances the concept of incremental intervention effects, adapting it to individualized treatment policy contexts, and employs semiparametric theory to develop efficient influence functions and debiased machine learning estimators. Methods to optimize policy by maximizing the value function under specific constraints are also introduced.Additionally, the optimal individualized treatment regime (ITR) learned from a source population may not generalize well to a target population due to covariate shifts. A transfer learning framework is proposed for ITR estimation in heterogeneous populations with right-censored survival data, which is common in clinical studies and motivated by medical applications. This framework characterizes the efficient influence function (EIF) and proposes a doubly robust estimator for the targeted value function, accommodating a broad class of survival distribution functionals. For a pre-specified class of ITRs, a cubic rate of convergence for the estimated parameter indexing the optimal ITR is established. The use of cross-fitting procedures ensures the consistency and asymptotic normality of the proposed optimal value estimator, even with flexible machine learning methods for nuisance parameter estimation
Lu, Yang. "Analyse de survie bivariée à facteurs latents : théorie et applications à la mortalité et à la dépendance." Thesis, Paris 9, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA090020/document.
Full textThis thesis comprises three essays on identification and estimation problems in bivariate survival models with individual and common frailties.The first essay proposes a model to capture the mortality dependence of the two spouses in a couple. It allows to disentangle two types of dependencies : the broken heart syndrome and the dependence induced by common risk factors. An analysis of their respective effects on joint insurance premia is also proposed.The second essay shows that, under reasonable model specifications that take into account the longevity effect, we can identify the joint distribution of the long-term care and mortality risks from the observation of cohort mortality data only. A numerical application to the French population data is proposed.The third essay conducts an analysis of the tail of the joint distribution for general bivariate survival models with proportional frailty. We show that under appropriate assumptions, the distribution of the joint residual lifetimes converges to a limit distribution, upon normalization. This can be used to analyze the mortality and long-term care risks at advanced ages. In parallel, the heterogeneity distribution among survivors converges also to a semi-parametric limit distribution. Properties of the limit distributions, their identifiability from the data, as well as their implications are discussed
Matias, Catherine. "Estimation dans des modèles à variables cachées." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2001. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00008383.
Full textFontaine, Charles. "Utilisation de copules paramétriques en présence de données observationnelles : cadre théorique et modélisations." Thesis, Montpellier, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016MONTT009/document.
Full textObservational studies (non-randomized) consist primarily of data with features that are in fact constraining within a classical statistical framework. Indeed, in this type of study, data are rarely continuous, complete, and independent of the therapeutic arm the observations are belonging to. This thesis deals with the use of a parametric statistical tool based on the dependence between the data, using several scenarios related to observational studies. Indeed, thanks to the theorem of Sklar (1959), parametric copulas have become a topic of interest in biostatistics. To begin with, we present the basic concepts of copulas, as well as the main measures of association based on the concordance founded on an analysis of the literature. Then, we give three examples of application of models of parametric copulas for as many cases of specific data found in observational studies. We first propose a strategy of modeling cost-effectiveness analysis based essentially on rewriting the joint distribution functions, while discarding the use of linear regression models. We then study the constraints relative to discrete data, particularly in a context of non-unicity of the copula function. We rewrite the propensity score, thanks to an innovative approach based on the extension of a sub-copula. Finally, we introduce a particular type of missing data: right censored data, in a regression context, through the use of semi-parametric copulas
Kengne, William Charky. "Détection des ruptures dans les processus causaux : application aux débits du bassin versant de la Sanaga au Cameroun." Phd thesis, Université Panthéon-Sorbonne - Paris I, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00695364.
Full textFerfache, Anouar Abdeldjaoued. "Les M-estimateurs semiparamétriques et leurs applications pour les problèmes de ruptures." Thesis, Compiègne, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021COMP2643.
Full textIn this dissertation we are concerned with semiparametric models. These models have success and impact in mathematical statistics due to their excellent scientific utility and intriguing theoretical complexity. In the first part of the thesis, we consider the problem of the estimation of a parameter θ, in Banach spaces, maximizing some criterion function which depends on an unknown nuisance parameter h, possibly infinite-dimensional. We show that the m out of n bootstrap, in a general setting, is weakly consistent under conditions similar to those required for weak convergence of the non smooth M-estimators. In this framework, delicate mathematical derivations will be required to cope with estimators of the nuisance parameters inside non-smooth criterion functions. We then investigate an exchangeable weighted bootstrap for function-valued estimators defined as a zero point of a function-valued random criterion function. The main ingredient is the use of a differential identity that applies when the random criterion function is linear in terms of the empirical measure. A large number of bootstrap resampling schemes emerge as special cases of our settings. Examples of applications from the literature are given to illustrate the generality and the usefulness of our results. The second part of the thesis is devoted to the statistical models with multiple change-points. The main purpose of this part is to investigate the asymptotic properties of semiparametric M-estimators with non-smooth criterion functions of the parameters of multiple change-points model for a general class of models in which the form of the distribution can change from segment to segment and in which, possibly, there are parameters that are common to all segments. Consistency of the semiparametric M-estimators of the change-points is established and the rate of convergence is determined. The asymptotic normality of the semiparametric M-estimators of the parameters of the within-segment distributions is established under quite general conditions. We finally extend our study to the censored data framework. We investigate the performance of our methodologies for small samples through simulation studies
Guin, Ophélie. "Méthodes bayésiennes semi-paramétriques d'extraction et de sélection de variables dans le cadre de la dendroclimatologie." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00636704.
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