Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Théorie des options réelles'
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Riffaud, Oana. "Réversibilité du stockage géologique des déchets radioactifs : la théorie des options réelles dans l'aide à la décision." Thesis, Nancy 2, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011NAN20009.
Full textIn France, the Act n° 2006-739 of 28 June 2006 establishes the reversible geological disposal for intermediate and high-level waste (ILWand HLW). The reversibility is mainly justified by the need to preserve some ability to adapt over the long term (at least one hundred years) in a context of multiple uncertainties. The proposed thesis examines how the real options approach can be effectively applied to the French project of reversible geological disposal for the radioactive waste, developed by the National Agency for Radioactive Waste (ANDRA). Different aspects of decision making process are addressed through three real options models. Each model emphasizes a certain type of real option : the switching option, the extension option and the learning option. The first model focuses on the uncertainty about the value of a radioactive waste package and its influence on the switching options between different stages of retrievability. The results show that the reversible project of geological disposal involves a series of compound options (options on options) which may create follow-up opportunities and interactions. For example, realizing an earlier real option (such as closing the galleries of access) can change the value of future options for the retrieval of waste packages. Given these interactions between options, their value must be simultaneously determined. In the second model, the focus is moved to the construction of the geological repository. The result of the second model shows that there may be a value associated with the progressive development of the operating capacity due to the uncertainty on the demand for radioactive waste disposal. This is precisely the value of the extension option which must be calculated to determine whether it is economically advantageous to increase the capacity. The third model, more conceptual, is an attempt to open new avenues of research on the value of the learning option in the presence of endogenous information. The option value is analyzed by integrating two sources of learning (Learning by doing and R & D)
Ly, Vath Vathana. "Quelques applications du controle stochastique aux options réelles et au risque de liquidité." Paris 7, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA077016.
Full textWe study stochastic control applications to real options and to liquidity risk model. More precisely, we investigate, in the first part, a model of optimal portfolio selection under liquidity risk and price impact, then, in the second part, two real option problems: an optimal switching problem and a mixed singular/switching control problem for a dividend policy with reversible investment, and finally, in the third part, a competitive market equilibrium problem under asymmetric information. In the resolution of these problems, stochastic control techniques will be intensively used. The typical approach consists in expressing the dynamic programming principle related to each case, in order to obtain a PDE characterization of the value functions. Based on this approach, we show, in the liquidity risk problem and both real options, that the corresponding value functions are unique solution to the associated system of HJB variational inequalities. In each problem of the first two parts, we obtain the solutions, in particular the optimal control, either explicitly or via an iterative method
Kanyinda, Kasanda Alois. "La gestion de risque de l'eau : application de la théorie des options réelles à l'industrie de l' eau." Paris 9, 2004. https://portail.bu.dauphine.fr/fileviewer/index.php?doc=2004PA090060.
Full textIn this thesis, we analyse the problem of water shortage which concerns many countries in the world. This problem has many dimensions: social, economic and political in particular. In this work, we are interested by the economic dimension. Our objective is to give some solutions to this problem with the framework of real options. The methodology proposed in this thesis takes into count the implicit flexibility of investment projects. Multiple evaluating methods of modern finance are used to determine the exact price of real options related to water shortage problems. The Black & Scholes model and its extensions are used (Exchange option, American option, etc. ), in the special case of the option of importing water. The comparison of all result helps to give some conclusions about which technique must be used
Ly, Vath Vathana. "Quelques applications du contrôle stochastique aux options réelles et au risque de liquidité." Phd thesis, Université Paris-Diderot - Paris VII, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00119754.
Full textBurger-Helmchen, Thierry. "La Firme créatrice d'options : essai sur les théories de la firme et des options réelles." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005STR1EC08.
Full textThe ways of creating alternatives strategies are critical when flexibility is the main determinant of the survival of the firms. Real options are utilised to advice and to ease the decision making process of the manager. The object of these thesis is to determine the nature of the real option, a financial tool made for evaluation or a strategic planning tool based on the economic theories of the firm. To answer this question we use three distinct methods, first the a theoretical analysis, second, a simulation model, and thirdly an empirical work using structural equations
Guillerminet, Marie-Laure. "La décision d'investissement et son financement dans un environnement institutionnel en mutation : application de la théorie des options réelles au cas du nucléaire." Montpellier 1, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002MON10004.
Full textNdiaye, Babacar. "Innovation et concurrence : la chronologie de l'innovation dans une industrie en duopole." Nice, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009NICE0024.
Full textThe main purpose of the thesis lies in the analysis of the timing of innovation in a duopoly industry. We consider as a first step the temporal dimension of the process of innovation, together with competitive challenges emerging and possibilities of strategic interactions. The analysis of the issue involves an investigation of the motivations of a firm to adopt the position of an innovator (first mover) or an imitator (follower). We elaborate on existing modelisations to determine the strategy (innovation or imitation) offering the best competitive advantage in terms of the timing of innovation. As a second step, we provide a deeper analysis of the effects of uncertainty on R&D investment, as well as the role of competition on firms’ strategies. We characterize the rationality of firms, and the consequences on the process of cross-expectations that may occur. This involves a better understanding of the motivations of firms in developing an innovation that can be replicated by a follower firm without cost. To achieve the objective, we elaborate on models where Nash equilibrium and evolutionary stable equilibrium can be determined. We further analyze the relation between the two types of equilibria. The outcome of our work lies in the determination of the optimum position of the firm in the timing of innovation, i. E. Being innovator or imitator, within different, yet omplementary, frameworks: decision theory, real option theory, traditional game theory and evolutionary game theory. Since, depending on the framework of analysis, the optimum position of the firm (innovation versus imitation) will not be the same, our task will also be to interpret these divergences
Roubaud, David. "Options réelles et ambiguïté." Thesis, Aix-Marseille 3, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011AIX32040.
Full textThe need to elaborate innovative methods to analyze risk and uncertainty has become increasingly obvious over the last decades, especially due the growing perception of the multiplicity of social and economical issues characterized by the weight of uncertainty (natural disasters, ecological risk, financial crises…).This thesis is at the crossroad between decision theory under uncertainty and the irreversible investment theory (real options). Consequently, the main goal of this thesis is three-fold: 1. First, it contributes to the dynamic stream of literature in economics and finance that models the impact of ambiguity that individuals may often face and/or perceive when contemplating irreversible choices.2. Next, this thesis emphasizes that even with the plethora of decision models already dealing with uncertainty, elaborating sound axiomatic foundations largely remains an open question. This leads us to recommending the use of non linear models (such as multiple-priors, Choquet expected utility, robust control, smooth ambiguity), which in turn raises many challenging theoretical and practical obstacles. We explore original ways of addressing some of these issues and suggest the construction of ambiguous stochastic processes in a Choquet expected utility framework (that are called Choquet-Brownian motions): ambiguity preferences are thereby directly embedded into the trajectory of some random variables that may drive a decision, such as the expected cash flows of an investment project or its exit value.3. Finally, this thesis also aims specifically at encouraging the enrichment of real option models. It is striking that only the impact of risk has been widely discussed by the real option theory so far, while the specific impact of ambiguity has been largely ignored. Considering that the real option theory is directly concerned with sources of flexibility, irreversibility and uncertainty in general, ambiguity represents a promising expansion
Gauthier, Laurent. "Options Réelles et Options Exotiques, une Approche Probabiliste." Phd thesis, Université Panthéon-Sorbonne - Paris I, 2002. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00002076.
Full textGauthier, Laurent. "Options réelles et options exotiques, une approche probabiliste." Phd thesis, Paris 1, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA010057.
Full textPhilippe, Henri. "Les options réelles : Modèle financier ou modèle de gestion?" Paris 9, 2004. https://portail.bu.dauphine.fr/fileviewer/index.php?doc=2004PA090020.
Full textDespite a large body of literature on the topic and a continuously improving understanding from professionals, real options are not widely used to value firms. Numerous assumptions have been raised to explain the various obstacles to their adoption. Limits concerning the usefulness of financial option valuation models outside financial markets are the most salient, but they are not the only ones: Carrying out a valuation implies assumptions concerning the nature of the firm, as well as about its strategy. Including real options in this context raises numerous difficulties explored in the course of this research. Three cases have been studied: In the New Economy, in the industrial R&D, and, lastly natural resources. Their presentation, first, illustrates the theoretical exploratory analysis, and, second, validates the worth of real options as a management tool
Goria, Sarah. "Evaluation d'un projet minier : approche bayésienne et options réelles." Paris, ENMP, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004ENMP1204.
Full textIn natural resource projects such as mines and oil fields, there are at least two important sources of uncertainties, market uncertainty represented mainly by the price of the commodity, and technical or private uncertainty represented by the reserves. Traditional methods of evaluating projects such as discounted cash flow analysis are based on fixed values of all the parameters and a fixed development scenario. They assume that firms are passive to changing conditions. Real options is an approach that has been designed to incorporate managerial flexibility and uncertainty on commodity prices, but little work has been done on incorporating uncertainty on technical parameters. For this we thought of combining real options with geostatistical conditional simulations, and in particular a Bayesian approach, to value a gold mining project and define the best development strategy. This thesis addresses the question of how to evaluate additional drilling. The investment in additional information is an important alternative for both the early development and the waiting for better market conditions
Ben, Flah Inès. "Evaluation et timing des fusions-acquisitions : une approche par les options réelles." Thesis, Aix-Marseille 3, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011AIX32081.
Full textThe aim of this thesis is to study the conceptual and the empirical role when valuation and timing of mergers and acquisitions are approached by real options theory. To reach this aim, we started by analyzing a huge litterature on real option approach of mergers and acquisitions. We noticed a big lack on empirical contributions of real options in the mergers and acquisitions field, specially in pre-closing phases, where the acquirer value his project and choose the optimal timing to conclude it. To more investigate on that, we led deux studies. The first one is an exploratory study, in which we interviewed professionals on mergers and acquisitions on partucularities of valuation and timing on mergers and acquisitions. Then we asked them to identify real options on valuation and timing. Identified options were divided on strategic growth options and flexibility options. After the identification, we led our second study which is a real case study of a merger and acquisition project. The aim of this study is to prove limits of traditionnal valuation methods like the Net Present Value. As solutions to these limits, we proposed to use the real option approach. First, we used the simple option methodology and then the multi-phased compound options methodology to ameliorate valuation results and the timing choice of concluding mergers and acquisitions
Abdel-Razzac, Amal. "Cooperation between LTE and emergent DVB technologies for an efficient delivery of mobile TV." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris 6, 2015. https://accesdistant.sorbonne-universite.fr/login?url=https://theses-intra.sorbonne-universite.fr/2015PA066036.pdf.
Full textThe broadcast/cellular cooperation for a common delivery of Mobile TV is at the heart of the emerging mobile broadcast technologies, namely the mobile extension of the second generation digital video broadcasting for terrestrial reception (DVB-T2 Lite) and its follower DVB-Next Generation Handheld (DVB-NGH). These broadcast technologies aim to cooperate with the Long Term Evolution (LTE), as the latter is intended to be the bearer of Mobile TV thanks to its enhanced-Multimedia Broadcast and Multicast Service feature (e-MBMS). Even though the 3GPP/DVB cooperation is not a new topic and was investigated with the introduction of the previous DVB technology, known as DVB-Handheld (DVB-H), most of the works addressing this issue considered a common service area covered by both DVB and cellular systems and focused solely on the impact of such cooperation in terms of capacity gains brought by 3GPP and error repair gains brought by DVB. This strategy was judged to be expensive since a new and very dense DVB network was needed. In order to overcome this problem and decrease as much as possible the need for a new broadcast network, we propose in this thesis a hybrid DVB/LTE network with a coverage extension strategy, where the LTE system, planned for almost a universal coverage, is used to deliver Mobile TV in areas not covered by recent DVB-T2 Lite (or eventually DVB-NGH) network. In this context, we explore two main issues:1. Mobile TV services have to share LTE resources with other higher priority services such as voice traffic. The dynamicity of the latter will impact the Quality of Service (QoS) of Mobile TV. We propose a new QoS-based planning for the hybrid DVB/LTE so as to guarantee an acceptable watching experience without over-dimensioning the LTE system. We derive using Markov chain analysis and hitting time theory, several QoS metrics pertaining to mobile TV performance, such as interruption frequency and duration.2. A new business model which clarifies the relationships between the different actors of the ecosystem namely DVB and LTE operators as well as the TV channel providers and constructs the service area from an economic point of view is needed. In fact, the absence of a clear and viable economic model that resolves the monetary conflicts between cellular and broadcast operators was one of the main drawbacks behind the failure of the first attempt of mobile TV delivery by cooperating UMTS/DVB-H. We develop in this thesis a profit sharing strategy for the cooperative network, using coalition game concept Shapley value and Nash equilibrium for a self-enforcing strategy. We further develop a new framework using real option theory coupled with coalition games for investment decision in mobile TV networks (whether an operator should enter the mobile TV market and, if yes, when to do so) and show how operators can incorporate the uncertainties related to demand and network operation costs. We propose a bi-level dynamic programming algorithm to solve numerically the developed real option game
Bouasker, Olfa. "Analyse du choix des investissements : options réelles et modes de production." Thesis, Cergy-Pontoise, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010CERG0483.
Full textCette thèse traite du choix optimal des investissements à la lumière de la théorie des options réelles et de la prise en compte des différents modes de production. Nous proposons dans un premier temps plusieurs extensions du modèle d'investissement irréversible de Pindyck (1988): introduction de processus plus complexes pour décrire l'évolution de la valeur de marché et de fonctions de production très générales pour décrire l'activité de la firme ; prise en compte de l'aversion au risque dans un cadre d'optimisation dynamique. Dans un second temps, nous montrons comment les options d'échange de Margrabe (1978) permettent de résoudre certains problèmes de choix d'investissement. Nous en proposons diverses extensions et illustrations
Akriche, Mouadh. "Nombres de Betti des surfaces elliptiques réelles." Chambéry, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005CHAMS054.
Full textReal surfaces of Kodaira dimension 1, or more precisely the slightly larger class of real elliptic surfaces, form the only class of real algebraic surfaces of special type whose topological classification is not achieved. We give a complete answer to the question of possible values of Betti numbers of the real part of real regular elliptic surfaces with real section, for each complex family. In particular, we find again well-known answers for this question, in the case of rational elliptic or elliptic K3 surfaces
Haj-Taieb, Mohamed. "L' évaluation des start-up par les options réelles: : l'émergence d'une nouvelle approche." Nice, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006NICE0009.
Full textLetifi, Nourdine. "Politique optimale d'investissement et d'emploi d'une firme : Une approche par les options réelles." Phd thesis, Université de Cergy Pontoise, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00947713.
Full textBrugallé, Erwan. "Courbes algébriques réelles et courbes pseudoholomorphes réelles dans les surfaces réglées." Phd thesis, Université Rennes 1, 2004. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00008652.
Full textAttelan, Stéfanie. "Stratégie d'investissement et méthodologie de valorisation dans le secteur immobilier." Thesis, Cergy-Pontoise, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014CERG0731.
Full textAs the economic and financial environments are governed by many uncertainties, decision-making on real estate investments is becoming increasingly complex.The first chapter begins by presenting the traditional methods to value real estate investments. The concept of real options is then introduced through the link between real options and financial options. The second chapter focuses on different use cases of real options in the real estate industry by referring to the literature devoted to them. The third chapter presents a performance measurement analysis and a study of the dynamics of returns and volatility in European and American markets
Salahaldin, Linda. "Utilisation des options réelles pour l’aide à la décision d’investissement dans le transport durable." Paris 9, 2007. https://portail.bu.dauphine.fr/fileviewer/index.php?doc=2007PA090047.
Full textIn this thesis, we study the problem of investment in sustainable transport. We first develop a model, based on the IPAT method, to calculate the cost of transport externalities. Then, using real options method, we show how to maximize the inter-generational utility. First, under population growth uncertainty, we obtain explicit closed form expression for the population threshold above which it is optimal to invest. Second, under both demand and cost project uncertainties, like in the case of the construction of hydrogen infrastructure, we develop a numerical algorithm that helps making decisions. We calculate the expected waiting time until investing and show that we must wait a longer time before investing when the uncertainty is high
Heller, David. "La valorisation d'actions cotées : approches comparatives et multisectorielles entre méthodes traditionnelles et options réelles." Thesis, Cergy-Pontoise, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017CERG0938.
Full textThis thesis is organized around three chapters.The first one deals with performances of traditional valuation methods. A detailed literature review highlights the factors that affect the financial structure and theoretical adjustments to improve the different valuation methods. Furthermore, the chapter is dedicated to value creation from control operations and outlines the preferred methods according to specific contexts. Finally, it presents statistical studies to demonstrate the reliability and relevance of traditional methods.The second chapter focuses on the assessment of the investment decision by the real options approach. First, their modeling framework is defined as well as their level of current use by practitioners. Then, the studied literature develops the interactions of different categories of options present within the same investment project. It reveals, in particular, the foundation for models of standby option, which determines the appropriate time to invest, the disinvestment option, including in particular contexts, and the growth option, which affects the choices of diversification and acquisition strategies. These different models are subject to practical applications.The third chapter aims to highlight the assessment of the financial liability structure by the real options approach. Optional models described in the literature suggest a new division of the enterprise value between economic value of equity and net debt. Moreover, the articles studied focus on the integration of agency and debt refinancing problems when using optional templates. Finally, three statistical studies aim to compare the valuation of companies based on traditional and real options methods in order to determine whether the options method gives a surplus value to equity by the inclusion of an economic net det. Furthermore, the purpose of the analyses is to attest to the relevance and reliability of the real options method compared to traditional methods
Farissi, Inass el. "Décisions d'investissement et de financement : approche optionnelle." Cergy-Pontoise, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004CERG0224.
Full textThis thesis addresses one of the most relevant and challenging issues in the area of corporate finance: the optional approach of the financing and investment decisions. In the first part, we put forward an extension of the seminal work of Leland (1994a). The quantification of debt value, capital structure, and firm value is examined in the presence of information costs (in the spirit of Merton (1987)) and fixed bankruptcy costs (using the empirical evidence in Andrade and Kaplan (1998) and the findings of Anderson and Sundaresan (2000)). The goal of the second part is to extend the pioneer framework of Leland's (1998) asset volatility and capital structure dynamic model to a context taking into account dynamic and optimal dividend policy. The firm is permitted to costlessly and continuously select a dividend level depending on the asset level. Our approach is second to examine the violations of the absolute priority rule. We study also in this part the effect of shadow costs of incomplete information in the optimal financing decisions. Lastly, the third part is devoted to an examination of investment decisions using option theory. Our first contribution in this context consists of identify the significance of information costs according to the characteristics of the investment opportunity. In addition, we propose an extension of the Black and Scholes (1973), Cox, Ross, and Rubinstein (1979), and Merton (1998) models to a context with a costly information about the project and their underlying options
Allard, Simon. "Influence du taux de change sur l'évaluation des projets miniers vu sous l'angle des options réelles." Thesis, Université Laval, 2007. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2007/24624/24624.pdf.
Full textSilhol, Robert. "Etude et classification des surfaces algébriques réelles." Tours, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986TOUR4006.
Full textPinson, Franck. "Ajustement de primitives d'objets de forme libre sur un ensemble de données réelles." Compiègne, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989COMPD179.
Full textPerez, Marie-Hélène. "Les options réelles dans la gestion des partenariats autour de projets industriels innovants : le cas d'un partenariat autour d'un projet pharmaceutique." Paris 10, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA100129.
Full textReal options reasoning allows a pertinent flexibility and risk treatment. Thus, it feets to innovatives projects. Financing this kind of project often requires négociate partnership. Despite a large body of litterature on the topic, few studies are about real options in innovation's partnership. So, our objective is show real options potential in partnership management on industrial innovative projects. A partnership on a pharmaceutical project case has been studied. In addition to a new real options typology proposal, it allows to understand real options contribution to the optimal moment choice of the competitor entrance in a partnership
Harle, Quentin. "Outil de production électrique : investissements, application d'options réelles et gestion des risques." Paris 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA010055.
Full textLaude, Audrey. "Investir dans le stockage géologique du carbone à partir de biomasse : une approche par les options réelles." Thesis, Orléans, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011ORLE0507.
Full textUsing biomass to produce energy emits carbon dioxide. These emissions can be captured, transported andstored into geological formations. This process is named BCCS (Biomass Carbon Capture and Storage). Itleads to massive reductions and the whole system carbon balance system could be negative given specificassumptions, which is called ‘negative emissions’. BCCS may help to achieve low CO2 concentration target,even below the 450ppm threshold. Providing suitable incentives is necessary to trigger private investment.Private investors are facing considerable uncertainty, about the carbon market. We study in this dissertation thebehavior of decision makers who can invest in a specific variant of BCCS, which is the production ofbioethanol coming from sugar beets. After a deterministic analysis based on a real case study, we consider theinfluence of different kinds of uncertainties on the investment profile through a real option approach. Thetechnical progress uncertainty has been modeled with Poisson jumps. We show that investors tend to wait forinnovations. We distinguish two cases depending on the progress rate: early or delayed technical progressrate. First allowance price is driven by geometric Brownian motion. Second, the price follows a mean revertingprocess with jumps at specific fixed dates, to take into account the international round of negotiations aboutclimatic change, as a kind of climate regulation uncertainty
Tomasini, Arnaud. "Intersections maximales de quadriques réelles." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014STRAD035/document.
Full textReal algebraic geometry is in its simplest definition, the study of sets of solutions of a system of polynomial equations with real coefficients. In this theme, we focus on the intersections of quadrics where already the case of three quadrics remains wide open. Our subject can be summarized as the topological study of real algebraic varieties and interaction between their topology on the one hand and their deformations and degenerations on the other hand, a problem coming from the 16th Hilbert problem and enriched by recent developments. In this thesis, we will focus on maximum intersections of real quadrics and particularly prove the existence of such intersections using research developments made since the late 80. In the case of intersections of three quadrics, we will point the very close link between the intersections on the one hand and on the other plane curves, and show that the study of M-curves (one of the problems of the 16th Hilbert problem) may be done through the study of maximum intersections. Next, we will use the study on nodal plane curves to determine in some cases deformation classes of intersections of three real quadrics
Rouzeau, Etienne. "Politiques d'investissement-financement de l'entreprise et théorie des options." Paris 1, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998PA010002.
Full textCorporate finance theory differs from capital markets theory not only in its methodological aspects but also in the heterogeinity of its analysis schemes. However, the use of option theory turns out to be particularly relevant in order to analyse the main issues of corporate finance. First, corporate investment decisions are likely to be analysed in a contingent claim framewok when the underlying project is partly flexible. This flexibility creates an option value which invalidates the traditional net present value rule. This approach of corporate operating decisions is often reffered to as real option theory. Second, securities issued by firms are likely to be considered as contingent claims. Option theory then enables the development of a unified valuation scheme whose main application concerns the analysis of corporate debt credit risk. Last but not least, these two approaches can be combined in order to study the interactions between the investment and financing policies of a firm whose asset present a flexiblity component likely to be analyzed through real option theory. These interactions, which are set in an agency theroretical framework, can concern the influence of both debt and shareholding structure on the firm's investment decisions. This dissertation thus proposes a unified approach of corporate finance through option theory. By both its quantitative aspect and the fact it is rooted in arbitrage pricing theory, it is also an attempt at reconciliating between corporate finance and capital market theories
Krychowski, Charlotte. "Apports et limites des options réelles à la décision d'investissement stratégique : une étude appliquée au secteur des télécommunications." Phd thesis, Jouy-en Josas, HEC, 2007. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00004617.
Full textMoncet, Arnaud. "Géométrie et dynamique sur les surfaces algébriques réelles." Phd thesis, Rennes 1, 2012. https://ecm.univ-rennes1.fr/nuxeo/site/esupversions/6cd607e0-4a4e-4328-bf36-674a3bb9f4b8.
Full textThis thesis deals with automorphisms of real algebraic surfaces, which are polynomial transformations with a polynomial inverse. The main concern is whether their restriction to the real locus reflects all the richness of the complex dynamics. This question is declined in two directions: the topological entropy and the Fatou set. For the first one, we introduce a purely geometric quantity depending only on the surface, and we call it concordance. Then we show that the ratio of real and complex entropies is linked to this quantity. The concordance is explicitely computed for many examples of surfaces, especially abelian surfaces which are broadly studied, as well assome K3 surfaces. In the second part, we are interested in the Fatou set, which corresponds to complex points for which the dynamics is simple. Thanks to previous results of Dinh and Sibony about closed positive currents, we prove that this set is hyperbolic in the sense of Kobayashi, after possibly deleting some curves which are fixed by (an iterate of) our transformation. From this property we deduce that, except for some exceptional cases in which the topology of the real locus is simple and the dynamics well understood, this real locus cannot be entirely contained in the Fatou set. Thus the complexity of the dynamics is observable on real points in most cases
Pancé, Laurent. "Théorie des signaux et augmentation de capital." Bordeaux 4, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997BOR40001.
Full textSo the classic financial theory, that rests on the initial theorem of modigliani and miller and its evolution, that the modern financial theory, which is based on the theory of the agency and signaling theory and stipulates the asymmetry of the information between insiders and outsiders, accredit the essential role of the debt. To the opposite, many relative empirical studies of the behavior of the stock price following the announcement of an operation on the capital and the financial facts whose intensity confers to the decade 1990 its title of "equity decade", exalt the role of equity. The appropriateness between theory and reality undertakes when the increase of capital is no longer considered as a simple relative operation to the financial structure of the firm but as a real financial strategy that under - tender many decisions. The increase of equity coats consequently elementary and induced dimensions allowing it to express more to the light of the theory of the financial signaling. Particularly due to the fact of interdependences for the less narrow with operations that possess the real financial signal status
Moncet, Arnaud. "Géométrie et dynamique sur les surfaces algébriques réelles." Phd thesis, Université Rennes 1, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00724509.
Full textBensahel, Wassila. "Création de valeur au sein des entreprises intensives en immatériel : le cas des entreprises de biothechnologie." Lille 2, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008LIL20002.
Full textThe objective of this work is to present a modelling of the value creation process adapted to the intangible-intensive firms, the specificity of which erodes any comparison with the traditional firms, and militates for a change of manager mantality and adoption of new approaches allowing the consideration of real and hidden sources of value. The first part of the thesis proposes a presentation of the intangible-intensive firms and of their specificities and characteristics. It also proposes a modelling of their value creation process reflecting the fundamental sources of value, with the dual aim of application to intangible and presentation of the new real options approach leading in fact to better evaluations. The second part of the thesis presents the chosen research context : the biotecnology firms. On the basis of this choice, our empirical analysis is based and our methodological frame is built by following three steps : a case study, a qualitative study based on expert interviews and finally an additional quantitative study. The last part of the thesis suggests demonstrating the descriptive and explanatory capacity of our grid of reading as well as its impacts with regard to our research problem
Irzil, Hayet. "Apport de la théorie des options à la valorisation du stock d'invendus." Thesis, Paris 2, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA020006.
Full textSince there is not a firm without a stock of unsold goods, the study of this phenomenon is an issue of great importance. Indeed, firms face the stock of unsold goods that they want to clear at the end of the market period. The latter has an impact on not only on the firm's production process, but also on the economy growth. In this context, how to value the stock of unsold goods and when should the firm clears it ? This doctoral work aims to answer to this fundamental question from the standpoint of economics. For this purpose, we must first determineat which price a firm can clear its stock of unsold goods and then determine when it should have recourse to selling-off market or clearance sales ? The first part of this thesis is dedicated to a review of the literature, both related to management and marketing science, but also to economics. The second part focuses on an original model of unsold goods' stock valuation which is adapted to the microeconomic hedging methods used in finance (including options where the demand is uncertain). Results show that it is possible to provide a hedge against the risk of a stockof unsold goods. On the one hand, the theory is adapted to the case of supply and on the other hand, it fits the case of a stock of unsold goods. From the theoretical point of view, the results of numerical simulations illustrate the way this method works in practice for different cases. The third part is more general since it introduces two intertemporal original models under the monopolistic market structure.There are two types of consumers, depending on the degree of their sensitiveness to the display of goods (those who are sensitive versus those who are not). Consumers who are relatively strongly sensitive to the display of goods choose to buy apart from it. Furthermore, the monopoly chooses both the price and the quantityof displayed goods in order to maximize its profit. Under certain or uncertain demand,it always emerges a stock of unsold goods. The monopoly can sell the stockof unsold goods, either directly to consumers who are insensitive to the display ofgoods, or to the selling-off firm. Endogenous selling-off market is then studied
François, Pascal. "Applications de la théorie des options à l'analyse de contrats de dette." Paris 1, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999PA010057.
Full textTrommsdorff, Robert. "L'application de la théorie des options à l'évaluation des investissements des entreprises." Paris 1, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA010013.
Full textBorges, Da Silva Filho Alvim. "Le déploiement des systèmes logistiques de distribution du gaz naturel : une analyse financière et stratégique par les options réelles du système GNC." Thesis, Aix-Marseille 2, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010AIX24008.
Full textThe thesis is structured in five chapters. The first chapter brings to light the current context of the market of the energy and the GN which the research concerns. The history of the market of the GN is presented by focusing the distribution, where the new rules promulgated for the whole market of the energy, created a new competitive environment.This one is the result of the change of structure of the sector, go from a public monopoly to the private competition. We show the more successful need of management tools, such as the real options.Also, we can see that the flexible systems of distribution become an asset important for the deployment of a distribution network. The second chapter presents the general structure of the empirical research. It discusses the epistemology of the research and the abductive approach which is used there. This last one, based on Thiétart ( 2001 ), allows that the research can advance with the interactions enter the ground of research And the theory in a simultaneous way. We also show that the systematic methodological approach (Grawitz,2001) is the one which adapts itself best to the research.The third chapter exposes the frame of analysis of the research. It exploits the important aspects of the approach by the real options for the analysis of the system of distribution of GN. The objective here is to show the state of the research on the real options and the contributions which the optional approach can offer to the management of the distribution of the GN
Kokonendji, Célestin Clotaire. "Familles exponentielles naturelles réelles de fonction variance en R Q/ par Célestin Clotaire Kokonendji." Toulouse 3, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993TOU30092.
Full textPodda, Abouna Mahamat. "La fiscalité minière au Québec. Analyse comparative des effets des régimes de redevances minières par la méthode du Modern Asset Pricing." Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/5879.
Full textMoréno, Michaël. "Options exotiques sur actions et stratégies optionnelles." Lyon 1, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000LYO10001.
Full textGoldsztejn, Alexandre. "Définition et applications des extensions des fonctions réelles aux intervalles généralisés : révision de la théorie des intervalles aux intervalles généralisés." Nice, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005NICE4056.
Full textThe intervals theory allows constructing supersets of the range of real functions. Therefore, in a very natural way it allows constructing some outer approximation of the solution set of systems of real equations. When it is used in conjunction to some usual existence theorems (e. G. Brouwer or Miranda theorems), the intervals theory also allows to rigorously prove the existence of solutions to such systems of equations. The modal intervals theory proposed some richer interpretations. In particular, the construction of both subjects and supersets of the range of real functions are in the scope of extensions to modal intervals. As a consequence, the extensions of real functions to modal intervals have the intrinsic power of proving the existence of solutions to systems of equations. In spite of some recent developments that have shown the promising potential applications of these richer interpretations, the modal intervals theory remains unused by most of the interval community. On one hand, a new formulation of the modal intervals theory is proposed. This new formulation uses only generalized intervals (intervals whose bounds are not constrained to be ordered) and follows the construction of the classical intervals theory. This will allow using the modal intervals theory in an easier way. On the other hand, some new preconditioning and linearization processes are proposed which are compatible with the richer interpretations provided by the modal interval theory. The new linearization process which is proposed will have the form of a new mean-value extension to generalized intervals
Bahri, Emna. "Amélioration des procédures adaptatives pour l'apprentissage supervisé des données réelles." Thesis, Lyon 2, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010LYO20089/document.
Full textMachine learning often overlooks various difficulties when confronted real data. Indeed, these data are generally complex, voluminous, and heterogeneous, due to the variety of sources. Among these problems, the most well known concern the sensitivity of the algorithms to noise and unbalanced data. Overcoming these problems is a real challenge to improve the effectiveness of the learning process against real data. In this thesis, we have chosen to improve adaptive procedures (boosting) that are less effective in the presence of noise or with unbalanced data.First, we are interested in robustifying Boosting against noise. Most boosting procedures have contributed greatly to improve the predictive power of classifiers in data mining, but they are prone to noisy data. In this case, two problems arise, (1) the over-fitting due to the noisy examples and (2) the decrease of convergence rate of boosting. Against these two problems, we propose AdaBoost-Hybrid, an adaptation of the Adaboost algorithm that takes into account mistakes made in all the previous iteration. Experimental results are very promising.Then, we are interested in another difficult problem, the prediction when the class is unbalanced. Thus, we propose an adaptive method based on boosted associative classification. The interest of using associations rules is allowing the focus on small groups of cases, which is well suited for unbalanced data. This method relies on 3 contributions: (1) FCP-Growth-P, a supervised algorithm for extracting class frequent itemsets, derived from FP-Growth by introducing the condition of pruning based on counter-examples to specify rules, (2) W-CARP associative classification method which aims to give results at least equivalent to those of existing approaches but in a faster manner, (3) CARBoost, a classification method that uses adaptive associative W-CARP as weak classifier. Finally, in a chapter devoted to the specific application of intrusion’s detection, we compared the results of AdaBoost-Hybrid and CARBoost to those of reference methods (data KDD Cup 99)
Hdhiri, Ibtissam. "Equations différentielles stochastiques rétrogrades et applications." Le Mans, 2006. http://cyberdoc.univ-lemans.fr/theses/2006/2006LEMA1028.pdf.
Full textThis thesis deals with the Backward stochastic differential equations (BSDEs for short) and their applications. The first part is devoted to the double barrier refiected BSDEs. We show the existence of a solution for su ch equations when the barriers are completely separate and the generator is continuous with quadratic growth. As an application we solve the risk-sensitive mixed zero-sum stochastic differential game. Ln addition we deal with recallable options under K nightian uncertainty. Ln the second part, we focus on a real option problem namely the starting and stopping problem when the noise is driven by a Brownian motion and an independent Poisson process. This problem is tackled in using the notion of Snell envelope and BSDEs with jumps. We de rive a stochastic verification theorem which we show later that is satisfied. LVhen the random noise stems from a standard SDE with jumps we show that the problem is related to a system of two variational inequalities, hence we give a deterministic verification result. Finally, we deal with the problem with exponential utilities
Blum, Veronique. "Le contenu informationnel des réserves pétrolières : pertinence des actifs spécifiques mesurée par le modèle d'Ohlson." Thesis, Paris 10, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA100160.
Full textDespite a fifteen years work, the international standard setter, the International Accounting Standard Board (IASB) hasn't succeeded in its attempt to define a specific standard relative to extractive activities. This semi-failure raises the following - maybe unresolved - question : does an informational content proper to specific activities exist, and if it does, which would be its appropriate communication form ? Despite the restrictive aspect of a scope admitting that IASB's primary target is the shareholder, our work subsequently started with the evaluation of his/her perceptions. Consistent with the IASB's point of view, we mobilized the positivist theory in an eleven years longitudinal study, covering a period of low barrel prices - in 1996/1997- and the sudden raise of 2004, to study the way in which the market(s) perceive(s) the disclosures of specific items relative to oil and gas activities. The latter are characterized by the presence of specific assets, sometimes strategic, described by the standard setter as highly uncertain. A literature review offers a retrospective on previous researches questioning the value-relevance of either the volume or the value of oil and gas reserves, and on the Real Options Reasoning that is tested in our empirical work. Our examination, on a international sample, of the link between specific accounting disclosures and the market value relies on the Ohlson's model and provides us with some insights on the identification of multicollinearity as likely present when dealing with specific variables
Ceyhan, Ozgür. "On moduli of pointed real curves of genus zero." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2006. https://publication-theses.unistra.fr/public/theses_doctorat/2006/CEYHAN_Ozgur_2006.pdf.
Full textAccouche, Oussama. "Analyse des Transitions et Stratégies d'Investissement sous Incertitudes pour les Smart Grids." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016GREAT098/document.
Full textSmart grids are seen as an adequate way to facilitate the penetration of renewable energies, to improve the electrical power system operating conditions, to increase its performance and to promote the development of new uses such as the electric vehicle. However, the potential benefits of smart grids come with uncertainties for the electrical power system itself and for its players as well. These uncertainties are technological, economic, social, political, among others.The thesis is part of GreenLys experimentations. GreenLys is a demonstrator project which tests the operation of a smart grid over the whole electricity supply chain: from the producer to the end consumer, including all those involved in the transportation, distribution and supply of electricity. This thesis aims to provide technical and economic transition towards smart grid by 2050.In the context of this thesis, three uncertainties are considered, each within a separated model. These uncertainties can significantly influence the strategies of future investments of smart grid. The developed models are applied to GreenLys scenarios (a conservative scenario that respects the European energy commitments called 'Grenelle' and an ambitious scenario that considers electricity production is fulfilled from renewables called '100%EnR') in order to propose some investment strategies and recommendations for smart grid.Firstly, the uncertainty about the future regulation of the public distribution network is studied in a model using a real option approach combined with a fuzzy logic algorithm. Secondly, a real option approach based on the classic binomial tree is used to analyze the uncertainty about the evolution of electrical loads flexibility. Finally, the uncertainty about the costs of smart grid information systems (Software) is modeled using a statistical Monte Carlo process.The results of the models developed in this thesis are combined and analyzed within techno-economic framework in order to spot the best smart grids deployment strategy with respect to GreenLys scenarios and experimentation zone. The highlighted strategies optimize the economic value of the investment while minimizing future risks
Mourrain, André. "L'investissement stratégique en pré-implémentation dans le cadre d'une projet d'intégration des systèmes d'information : le cas des PME." Brest, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007BRES6002.
Full textIn the pre-implementation process (PPI), a study determines the choice of the best solution for integrating information systems (IS) tailored to a firm’s specific needs. Such a study aims at showing that this process is a strategic investment which will increase the firm’ s performance. . In order to assess that performance die real option theory will be used. We carried out a practical analysis of 12 cases of PPI in small and medium-sized firms (SME) employing 10 to 250 people. We realized that that first stage was not perceived as part of the firm’s strategic planning by its CEOs. The results helped us devise a PPI tailored to SME that presents the characteristics of an immaterial strategic investment with a negative NPV. We then developed the idea that integrating information systems is a growth option. We calculated die expended NPV of this PPI h is the standard NPV added to the growth option value. We showed that die PPI process is a strategic investment that may create performance for the firm. Last but not least, we designed a selecting model based on those value-increasing parameters with a view to helping the practical implementation of IS