Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Théorie des champs constructive'
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Wang, Zhituo. "La renormalisation constructive pour la théorie quantique des champs non commutative." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00657010.
Full textFaquir, Mohamed. "Aux frontieres de la théorie des champs: I. De l'hydrodynamique aux champs multivalués. II. Construction de théories de champs de spin élevé en interaction." Phd thesis, Université Montpellier II - Sciences et Techniques du Languedoc, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00138507.
Full textII. Dans l'optique d'arriver à une théorie cohérente décrivant des champs de spin élevé en interaction, nous présentons dans la seconde partie une construction, basée sur la théorie des champs de cordes, qui mélange tous les niveaux de spin. Grâce à des contraintes d'hermiticité, on détermine dans un premier temps les éléments d'un groupe de jauge et leur loi de composition. Les champs de jauge sont choisis comme la représentation adjointe du groupe puis modifiés pour se rapprocher des définitions usuelles. Finalement, l'étude du spin 3 nécessite l'introduction de champs auxiliaires qui nous permettent d'obtenir un Lagrangien pour le champ de spin 2 massif en généralisant une méthode introduite par Veltman dans le cas de Yang-Mills.
Ferdinand, Léonard. "Two problems in constructive stochastic quantisation." Electronic Thesis or Diss., université Paris-Saclay, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024UPASP100.
Full textThe subject of the thesis is the study of singular stochastic partial differential equations (SPDEs), in connection with questions of mathematical physics and constructive field theory. The first part of the thesis is an introduction to constructive field theory, stochastic quantisation, and the resolution of singular SPDEs, topics in which the rest of the manuscript fits. The second part of the thesis, based on a paper written in collaboration with Ajay Chandra, is about the stochastic quantisation of non-local Euclidean field theories analogous to $$Phi^4_2$$ and $$Phi^4_3$$, called tensor field theories. The last part of the thesis deals with the construction of the $$Phi^4$$ measure on three-dimensional closed manifolds. This study, publishedin two works, was carried out in collaboration with Ismaël Bailleul, Viet Dang and Tat Dat Tô
FARIA, DA VEIGA PAULO. "Construction de modeles non perturbativement renormalisables en theorie quantique des champs." Paris 11, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991PA112176.
Full textDe, Renzi Marco. "Construction of extended topological quantum field theories." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017USPCC114/document.
Full textThe central position held by Topological Quantum Field Theories (TQFTs) in the study of low dimensional topology is due to their extraordinarily rich structure, which allows for various interactions with and applications to questions of geometric nature. Ever since their first appearance, a great effort has been put into extending quantum invariants of 3-dimensional manifolds to TQFTs and Extended TQFTs (ETQFTs). This thesis tackles this problem in two different general frameworks. The first one is the study of the semisimple quantum invariants of Witten, Reshetikhin and Turaev issued from modular categories. Although the corresponding ETQFTs were known to exist for a while, an explicit realization based on the universal construction of Blanchet, Habegger, Masbaum and Vogel appears here for the first time. The aim is to set a golden standard for the second part of the thesis, where the same procedure is applied to a new family of non-semisimple quantum invariants due to Costantino, Geer and Patureau. These invariants had been previously extended to graded TQFTs by Blanchet, Costantino, Geer an Patureau, but only for an explicit family of examples. We lay the first stone by introducing the definition of relative modular category, a non-semisimple analogue to modular categories. Then, we refine the universal construction to obtain graded ETQFTs extending both the quantum invariants of Costantino, Geer and Patureau and the graded TQFTs of Blanchet, Costantino, Geer and Patureau in this general setting
Toen, Bertrand. "K-théorie et cohomologie des champs algébriques." Phd thesis, Université Paul Sabatier - Toulouse III, 1999. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00773086.
Full textFaquir, Mohamed. "Aux frontières de la théorie des champs." Montpellier 2, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006MON20163.
Full textI. The equation describing short waves dynamics on th surface of a fluid after a Green-Naghdi type reduction of Euler equations is found to be a new integrable system that exhibits very interesting properties. Indeed, an unexpected relation with the sine-Gordon model, through transformations involving a conserved quantity, leads to singular and multivalued solutions for the new equation and allows to build a description in terms of the Lagrangien of a relativistic field. The existence of cases very similar to this one leads us to investigate general condition for this kind of relations to appear and to study a model not explicitely Lorentz-invariant which mix two of the equations we obtained earlier. The last point we focus on is the effects on low-order quantum corrections due to those transformations. II. In order to find a consistent theory for higher-spin fields, we have studied a new way to build gauge groups and fields based on string field theory and mixing all levels of spin. We first calculate elements of the group and the composition law thanks to hermiticity constraints. We then choose the gauge fields to belong to the adjoint representation of the group and modify them to get closer to usual definitions. Eventually, the study of the spin 3 needs us to introduce auxiliary fields which can be used to build a Lagrangian for the massive spin 2, analogous to what Veltman did in the Yang-Mills case
Reynaud, Damien. "Développement perturbatif variationnel en théorie des champs." Montpellier 2, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001MON20216.
Full textHarrivel, Dikanaina. "Théorie des champs : approche multisymplectique de la quantification, théorie perturbative et application." Phd thesis, Université d'Angers, 2005. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00011761.
Full textNous nous interessons tout d'abord à l'équation linéaire et nous proposons une description multisymplectique de la quantification canonique par le biais d'une representation des symétries, de la quantification par deformation et enfin nous introduisons la notion de quatification par déformation multisymplectique.
Ensuite nous traitons le champ en interaction. Nous construisons dans un premier temps des observables sous la forme de séries sur les arbres plans puis nous montrons comment elles peuvent être reliées aux séries de Butcher. Enfin nous voyons comment appliquer nos résultats à la théorie du contrôle.
Harrivel, Ramiaramanana Dikanaina. "Théorie des champs : approche multisymplectique de la quantification, théorie perturbative et application." Angers, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005ANGE0027.
Full textThe main subject of this thesis is the study of the Klein-Gordon equation together with an interaction term and the quantization of this theory from the multisymplectic point of view. Multisymplectic geometry provides a general framework for a covariant finite dimensional Hamiltonian formulation of variational problems with several variables. In the first part we study the linear Klein-Gordon equation (free fields). We propose a description of the canonical quantization of free fiels from the multisymplectic point of view. We investigate three approachs : the algebraic approach by giving a representation of the Lie algebra of the symetries, the deformation point of view and finally we introduce a notion of multisymplectic geometric quantization. In the second part we study the classical Øp-theory. First we define explicitely a conserved quantity using a perturbative expansion based on planar trees and a kind of Feynman rule. Then we link this expansion with Butcher series which describe the perturbative expansion of the solutions of some PDE and we show how Butcher series can be related to perturbative quantum theory. Finally we see how we can apply our result in order to solve problems from control theory
Bégin, Luc. "Règles de fusion en théorie des champs conformes." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape9/PQDD_0021/NQ48526.pdf.
Full textIacomi, Marius. "Calculs non-perturbatifs en théorie des champs bidimensionnelle." Montpellier 2, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997MON20240.
Full textArvanitis, Christos. "Méthodes variationnelles-perturbatives en théorie quantique des champs." Aix-Marseille 2, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993AIX22059.
Full textGosselin, Pierre. "Espace de Wiener et théorie bidimensionnelle des champs." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996STR13226.
Full textEngoulatov, Alexandre. "La géométrie et la théorie conforme des champs." Paris 11, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA112343.
Full textThis thesis deals with a Riemannian geometric question which is motivated by the problem of compactifying the moduli space of Conformal Field Theories (CFT). M. Kontsevich associates to a degenerating sequence of CFT's a limiting object which contains a Riemannian manifold M with nonnegative Ricci curvature, and its graph field theory. This amounts to a family of operators on tensor powers of the Hilbert space L^2(M), indexed by metric graphs. For instance, the operator attached to the graph with two vertices and one edge of length t is the heat semigroup P_t. The main result in the thesis is an a priori estimate of the norm of the gradient of the logarithm of the heat kernel on a compact Riemannian manifold, for short times, depending on the lower bound on Ricci curvature and on diameter only. The proof, which uses stochastic calculus, extends to certain semigroups satisfying curvature-dimension inequalities, in the sense of D. Bakry and M. Emery. Using J. Cheeger and T. H. Colding's structure results on limit spaces of such Riemannian manifolds, it is shown that the a priori estimate extends to these singular limit spaces. A compactness theorem for graph field theories associated with compact Riemannian manifolds satisfying a uniform lower bound on Ricci curvature follows
Dupont, Delphine. "Exemples de classification de champs de faisceaux pervers." Nice, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008NICE4105.
Full textPatarin-Jossec, Julie. "Le vol habité dans l’économie symbolique de la construction européenne." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018BORD0453/document.
Full textRuled by a rhetoric which opposes “science” and “politics”, civil space stations programmes are often introduced as diplomatic projects supposed to soften geopolitical tensions, then justified by the possibilities of experimentation under microgravity that those stations grant to the international scientific and industrial community. Preceded by informal collaborations between European and Soviet laboratories, Western Europe starts its entry into human spaceflights in 1982. Since then, the training and transport of astronauts from the European Space Agency (ESA) have been shared between United States (NASA) and Russia (Roscosmos), whose national programmes provide autonomous launch and space transport capacities. Over the decades, while space agencies holding a human space programme (except China) join in a common project from late 1990 (the International Space Station), and as Russia becomes the holder of a monopoly regarding access to space from 2011, symbolic and political mechanisms structuring the European human space programme evolve accordingly. The training of astronauts in Russia, relating to this monopoly of crews’ transportation, entails the reproduction of traditions and rituals which, inherited from the Soviet space era, contributes to the symbolic and axiological building of an astronaut corps in charge of representing Europe’s “unity in diversity”. Nourishing more or less institutionalized relations with former Socialist republics because of its (increasingly relative) autonomy towards the European Union, ESA gradually becomes a platform through which the structuration of Eastern European States, started in the late 1980s, can be analyzed through industrial networks, technical interdependencies and scientific exchanges that pass through. In order to grasp these interdependencies, the fruitfulness of an approach by the field theory can be resumed in two arguments. First, taking an interest in the genesis and organization of the European inhabited space programme implies that the latter should be regarded as the result of an institutional trajectory borrowing from different fields: cognitive authority of the occidental modern science, role of industrial production in State construction, and territorialization in the exercise of a national political power contribute to the current morphology of space affairs in Europe. Secondly, a Bourdieusien analysis allows circumscribing human space flights as a structured social space, where are converted, maintained and confronted capitals which are carried by actors of autonomous fields of production. This, without a priori postulating the loss of autonomy of one of these fields. The economy of relations between science, industry and the State, sketched at the whim of this theoretical wager, then allows to envisage some of the social conditions by which scientific and technical developments, deeply rooted in time and space, could contribute to shaping the ways of “making State” and to the development of bureaucracy in western Europe. With particular emphasis on the training of ESA astronauts, the outline of a “mediation field” theory is apprehended, so as to understand conditions of these structural relations between scientific, industrial and bureaucratic fields in the case of a changing space sector. Based on multisite and multilevel ethnography (United Nations, ESA technical centres, control centres), interviews with scientists, space agency officials, operators and crew members of the agencies contributing to the ISS (N = 182), as well as archival work (EU, ESA and Soviet Academy of Sciences), this study shows how “Space Europe” (as the EU and ESA refer to it) “takes shape” and reproduces the symbolic conditions of its internal cohesion (i.e. values and identity binding its member-States) through the daily organization (procedural, mental and carnal) of its crewed space program
Lagrange, Maxime. "Des noeuds aux champs de vecteurs : les solénoi͏̈des." Dijon, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002DIJOS033.
Full textEngel, Daniel. "Théorie des pseudo-mesures : une présentation constructive de l'intégrale de Lebesgue." Besançon, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007BESA2009.
Full textContrary to the traditional presentations of the Lebesgue integral, that need complicated reasonings about rather awkward objects (null sets, Borel sets, etc. . . ), we propose a theory of a different nature, elaborated out of more meaningful and effective concepts. The basic objects in our theory are the pseudo-measures, viz. The normed linear forms on the vector space of the step functions (with the sup norm). This novel presentation allows us to define the fundamental concepts with absolute clarity, to come rapidly to substantial theorems and to unify the traditionally separated treatment of measures and summable/measurable functions. As a general setting we use the Riesz spaces, which are the ordered vector spaces possessing an absolute value (with values in the set of positive elements of the space)
Lavertu, Pierre-Luc. "Généralisation supersymétrique de la théorie des champs conformes parafermioniques." Thesis, Université Laval, 2008. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2008/25786/25786.pdf.
Full textGières, François. "Algèbres différentielles et anomalies en théorie des champs (supersymétriques)." Paris 11, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA112113.
Full textThis work presents various aspects of the geometric formulation of supersymmetric field theories and of their BRS quantization. To start with, we give an elementary method for describing anticommuting fermionic fields (and functionals thereof) while avoiding any ad hoc introduction of infinite dimensional Grassmann algebras that are not generated by the space-time continuum. Following on, the geometric structure of rigid superspace and supersymmetric Yang-Mills theories is worked out in detail and the set-up of some typical field dependant Lie and differential algebras is elucidated. For completeness we have included an informative discussion of BRS differential algebras and of the algebraic determination of anomalies. More specifically the anomaly problem for supersymmetric gauge theories is adressed both at the level of superfields and component fields. These questions are further pursued in the context of locally supersymmetric theories with the study of two-dimensional (1,1) and (1,0) supergravity. For the latter we set up the BRS differential algebra in a geometric way and we construct the locally supersymmetric form of the effective action whose superconformal variation leads to the multiplet of conformal anomalies
Gayral, Victor. "Déformations isospectrales non compactes et théorie quantique des champs." Aix-Marseille 1, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005AIX11002.
Full textGurău, Răzvan-Gheorghe. "La renormalisation dans la théorie non commutative des champs." Paris 11, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA112262.
Full textNon commutative quantum field theory is a possible candidate for the quantization of gravity. In our thesis we study in detail the phi 4 model on the Moyal plane with an harmonic potential. Introduced by Grosse and Wulkenhaar, this model exhibits the Langmann-Szabo duality not only for the vertex but also for the propagator. We have obtained several results concerning this model. We have proved the renormalisability of this theory at all orders in the position space. We have introduced the parametric and Complete Mellin representation for the model. Furthermore we have proved that the coupling constant has a bounded flow at all orders in perturbation theory. Finally we have achieved the dimensional regularization and renormalization of the model. Further possible studies include the study of gauge theory on the Moyal plane and there possible applications for the quantization of gravity. The connections with string theory and loop quantum gravity should also be investigated
Panati, Annalisa. "Analyse spectrale de Hamiltoniens de théorie quantique des champs." Paris 11, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA112158.
Full textIn this thesis we present results about some model in Quantum Field Theory. In first chapter we introduce an abstract class of bosonic QFT Hamiltonians of the form $$H=\textrm{d}\Gamma(\omega) + V$$ acting on the bosonic Fock space $$\Gamma(\mathfrak {h}) $$, where $$omega$$ is a massive one-particule Hamiltonian acting on $$\mathfrak{h}$$ and $$V$$ a Wick polynomial $$w$$. Under natural hypothesis on the one-particle Hamiltonian and the kernel $$w$$, we describe the essential spectrumof $$H$$, prove à Mourre estimate outside a set of thresholds, prove the existence of asymptotic fields, and the asymptotic completeness. An example is the space-cutoff $$P(\varphi)_{2}$$ model with a variable metric of the metric of the form \[H=\texttrm{d}\Gamma(\omega) + \int _ {mathbb{R}}g(x) : \P(x\arphi(x))\ !:textrm{d}x,\] on the bosonic Fock space $$\Gamma(\mathfrak{h})$$ with $$\ch=L^{2}(\mathbb{R})$$,where the kinetic energy $$\omega= h^{\12}$$ is the square root of a real second order differential operator $$h=D_{x}a{x}D_{x}$$+ c{x}$$, where the coefficients $$a(x), c(x)$$tend respectively to $$1$$ and $$m_{\infty}^{2}$$ at $${\infty}for some $$m{\infty}>0$$. Under some condition on the decay of at infinity of $$a(x)-1$$and $$c(x)-
Del, Castillo Pierre. "Étude de champs critiques en théorie de Ginzburg-Landau." Paris 11, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA112345.
Full textTanzini, Alessandro. "Effets non-perturbatifs en théorie des champs et dualité avec la théorie des cordes." Habilitation à diriger des recherches, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2003. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00007993.
Full textFriedrich, Roland. "Sur la théorie conforme des champs et les processus SLE." Paris 11, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA112192.
Full textThis thesis explores the connections between a class of stochastic processes called "Stochastic Loewner Evolution" (SLE) and conformal field theory (CFT). We start first by recalling some important results which we utilise in the sequel, in particular the notion of conformal restriction and of the "restriction martingale", originally introduced by Lawler, Schramm and Werner. We also derive the radial Loewner equation, based on Hadamard's variational principle. This method is useful to generalise SLE to Riemann surfaces. Then we give an explicit construction of a link between SLE and the representation theory of the Virasoro algebra, in particular, we interpret the Ward identities in terms of the restriction property and the central charge in terms of the density of Brownian bubbles. Then we show that this interpretation permits to relate the K of the stochastic process with the central charge c of the conformal field theory. This is achieved by a highest-weight representation which is degenerate at level two, of the Virasoro algebra. We then proceed by giving a derivation of the same relations, but from the theoretical physics point of view. In particular, we explore the relation between SLE and the geometry of the underlying moduli spaces. In the final part of this work we outline a general construction which allows to construct random curves on arbitrary Riemann surfaces. The key to this is to consider the canonical operator [\frac{\kappa}{2} L^2_{-1} - 2L_{-2}] as the generator of a diffusion on an appropriate moduli space
Ammari, Zied. "Théorie de la diffusion pour un modèle en théorie des champs quantiques : modèle de Nelson." Palaiseau, Ecole polytechnique, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000EPXX0018.
Full textEgeileh, Michel. "Géométrie des champs de Higgs : compactifications et supergravité." Paris 7, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA077158.
Full textMy thesis concerns Higgs fields dynamics, in their classical geometrical and supersymmetrical aspects. In a first part which has given rise to a publication in the "Journal of Geometry and Physics", volume 57 (2007), I have started from the classical Kaluza-Klein point of view. Considering an Einstein gravitational theory on an extended spacetime, fibered with homogeneous spaces G/H over the ordinary spacetime, I defined for the reduced theory an affine space F of scalar fields; this space cornes from a subset of metrics in the fibers, it is naturally associated to the decomposition of the restriction to H of the adjoint representation of G. When restricted to F, the potential is positive and coercitive, and the couplings of the scalar fields with the reduced gravity as well as with Yang-Mills reduced theory possess all standard Higgs fields properties. It appears in this case that the potential on F is a polynomial function with degree smaller or equal to 6. This potential may give rise to new types of monopoles. The second part of the thesis concerns the study of the fields obtained by compactifying a supergravity theory, in the way of Cremmer-Julia-Scherk, Duff, or DeWit and Nicolai. In a first step, I reconsidered the formulation of supergravity theories in superspace, following Salam and Strathdee, as it is exposed in Wess and Bagger, but in arbitrary dimension; I hâve found a geometrical interpretation of the torsion constraints in supergravity: adopting the point of view of John Lott where the Lorentz group is extended, but considering the affine extension of the gauge group, these constraints express the existence of a gauge where the action on the supervielbein of superdiffeomorphisms is équivalent to the action of gauge supertranslations. In parallel, I reconsidered supersymmetric Lagrangian theory while staying systematically in the category of supermanifolds that is equivalent to that of the scheaves of Berezin and Kostant; I thus obtained new classical spinorfield equations, in the case of "super-geodesics", "super-sigma-models", and "super-Yang-Mills". This is an independent chapter of the thesis, which introduces the last part: reconsidering the scalar fields potentiels defined by DeWit and Nicolai for gauged N=8 supergravities in 4 dimensions. These theories are equivalent to seven-sphere compactifications of eleven-dimensional supergravity. From Cremmer, Julia, DeWit and Nicolai, they possess global invariance under a real exceptional E7 group and the scalar fields take their values in a homogeneous space E7(7)/ SU(8). I study the relations of this potential with the constructions of the first part applied to the group SO(8)xSO(8)
Lefrançois, Matthieu. "Théorie des champs topologiques et mécanique quantique en espace non-commutatif." Lyon 1, 2005. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/docs/00/06/71/64/PDF/these_matthieu_lefrancois.pdf.
Full textVignes-Tourneret, Fabien. "Renormalisation des théories de champs non commutatives." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00118044.
Full textGiraud, Alexandre. "Phénomènes hors équilibres de l'Univers inflationnaire en théorie quantique des champs." Phd thesis, Université Paris-Diderot - Paris VII, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00640210.
Full textLévêque, Gaëtan. "Manipulation d'atomes froids par champs optiques confinés : théorie et simulation numérique." Phd thesis, Université Paul Sabatier - Toulouse III, 2003. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00006141.
Full textTauber, Clément. "Trois applications d'une approche géométrique à la théorie conforme des champs." Thesis, Lyon, École normale supérieure, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015ENSL1047/document.
Full textThe thesis, consisting of three parts, is focusing on different physical problems that are related to two dimensional Conformal Field Theory (CFT).The first part deals with nonequilibrium transport properties across a junction of quantum wires. Three models are studied. The first one describes the wires by a free compactified bosonic field, seen as the bosonization of the Luttinger liquid of electrons. The junction of the wires is modeled by a boundary condition that ensures nontrivial scattering of the charges between the wires. Combining canonical quantization and functional integral, we compute exactly the current correlation functions in equilibrium, but also in a nonequilibrium stationary state, as well as the full counting statistics of charge and energy between the wires set at different temperatures and potentials. The two other models of quantum wire junction are based on Wess-Zumino-Witten theory (WZW). In the first one, the junction is described by a “cyclic brane” and in the second, by a “coset brane”. The results in the first case are as complete as for the free field, but the charges are fully transmitted from one wire to the next one. In the second case, the scattering is nontrivial, but the model turns out to be difficult to solve.The second part of the thesis studies the global gauge anomalies in “coset” models of CFT, realized as gauged WZW theories. The (almost) complete classification of such anomalies, that lead to some inconsistent coset models, is presented. It is based on Dynkin classification of subalgebras of simple Lie algebras.Finally, the third part of the thesis describes the geometric construction of index from unitary operator families obtained from valence band projectors of a two-dimensional time-reversal invariant topological insulator. The index is related on one hand to the square root of the Wess-Zumino amplitude of such a family, and, on the other hand, it reproduces the Kane-Mele invariant of the insulator. The last identification requires a nontrivial argument that uses a new gauge anomaly of WZW models with boundary.The three parts of the thesis use similar geometrical tool of CFT, that permits to obtain several original results. The unity in the method, as well as the topic of anomalies, builds a bridge between the different components of the manuscript
Giraud, Alexandre. "Phénomènes hors équilibre dans l'univers inflationnaire en théorie quantique des champs." Paris 7, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA077031.
Full textIn this thesis I study the reheating era of the inflationarry Universe. This makes the link between the inflation of the Universe and the hot Big-Bang model. During it, the inflaton decays into matter which thermalises by its self interaction giving a statistical description to the Universe content. This work is realised in the quantum filed theory setup using out-of-equilibrium methods such as the 2-Particle-Irreducible effective action which allows to deal with the usual difficulties of out-of-equilibrium quantum field theory. First I study the case where matter is represented by scalar fields then by fermionic degrees of freedom, where classical approximation does not exist. I expand the effective action to the Next-to-Leading Order in an inverse number of matter fields expansion which allows to explore theories where the matter is strongly coupled to itself. In a second part I study the decoherence of primordial density fluctuations. The Inflaton can be seen as a quantum coherent condensate and its decay as a decoherence. This decoherence and this loss of purity is strongly related to the loss of information an observer has on the System if he's retrained to the Gaussian correlation functions subspace. This work shows that, even in the unusual case where the System is not coupled to an external thermal and/or incoherent environment, this one loose its initial coherence and purity to product degrees of freedom or entropy
Garidi, Tarik. "Sur la théorie des champs dans l'espace-temps de de Sitter." Paris 7, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA077049.
Full textPereira, Mike. "Champs aléatoires généralisés définis sur des variétés riemanniennes : théorie et pratique." Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PSLEM055.
Full textGeostatistics is the branch of statistics attached to model spatial phenomena through probabilistic models. In particular, the spatial phenomenon is described by a (generally Gaussian) random field, and the observed data are considered as resulting from a particular realization of this random field. To facilitate the modeling and the subsequent geostatistical operations applied to the data, the random field is usually assumed to be stationary, thus meaning that the spatial structure of the data replicates across the domain of study. However, when dealing with complex spatial datasets, this assumption becomes ill-adapted. Indeed, how can the notion of stationarity be defined (and applied) when the data lie on non-Euclidean domains (such as spheres or other smooth surfaces)? Also, what about the case where the data clearly display a spatial structure that varies across the domain? Besides, using more complex models (when it is possible) generally comes at the price of a drastic increase in operational costs (computational and storage-wise), rendering them impossible to apply to large datasets. In this work, we propose a solution to both problems, which relies on the definition of generalized random fields on Riemannian manifolds. On one hand, working with generalized random fields allows to naturally extend ongoing work that is done to leverage a characterization of random fields used in Geostatistics as solutions of stochastic partial differential equations. On the other hand, working on Riemannian manifolds allows to define such fields on both (only) locally Euclidean domains and on locally deformed spaces (thus yielding a framework to account for non-stationary cases). The discretization of these generalized random fields is undertaken using a finite element approach, and we provide an explicit formula for a large class of fields comprising those generally used in applications. Finally, to solve the scalability problem,we propose algorithms inspired from graph signal processing to tackle the simulation, the estimation and the inference of these fields using matrix-free approaches
Maillet, Jean-Michel. "Structures algébriques et intégrabilité en théorie classique et quantique des champs." Paris 6, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986PA066124.
Full textCléry, Matthias. "La théorie des probabilités et l'Institut Henri Poincaré (1918-1939) : construction d'un champ probabiliste parisien et pratique d'un transfert culturel." Thesis, université Paris-Saclay, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020UPASK003.
Full textThe mathematics of randomness experienced tremendous changes throughout the interwar period (1918-1939), especially in Paris where the Institut Henri Poincaré (IHP) opened in 1928 and soon became an international scene for probability. Using a cross-approach, we analyse the social processes at work within the Faculty of Science of Paris and the Academy of Science playing a part in the strengthening of probability as a mathematical discipline and supporting research in this field. We highlight the strategies used by a small group of mathematicians in order to build an institutionnal framework for the probabilistic developement both locally and internationally. We particularly analyse the practice of cultural transfer fueling the probabilistic research in Paris
Coste, Antoine. "Quelques aspects des théories de Jauge sur réseau." Aix-Marseille 2, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987AIX22035.
Full textPelchat-Voyer, Shanny. "Étude de portails scalaires dans une théorie supersymétrique." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/28240.
Full textDespite the apparent success of the standard model (SM), it seems obvious the latter is incomplete. Supersymmetry, which associates to each known fermion a bosonic partner (and vice-versa), solves multiple inherent SM problems in an elegant fashion. It thus appears to be the best candidate for TeV physics. If supersymmetry is to be an adequate description of nature, it must be spontaneously broken to explain the fact that no superpartner has yet been discovered. However, the phenomenology is impossible to respect if the breaking comes directly from the minimal supersymmetric standard model (MSSM). A hidden sector weakly coupled with the MSSM, in which supersymmetry is broken then transmitted to the MSSM, is thus required. In this master’s thesis, we analyze the transmission mechanism of supersymmetry breaking in the context of general gauge mediation (GGM). We analyze the most general renormalizable direct couplings for chiral superfields. This allows to express visible-sector corrections in terms of hidden-sector correlation functions, which are then expressed by their operator product expansion (OPE). The fact that the hidden sector develops a superconformal symmetry in the UV gives powerful constraints on the structure and coefficients of the OPE. Therefore, the method is useful to obtain phenomenological results and could be used to develop models in a systematic way.
Larue, Rémy. "Quelques aspects de théorie effective des champs et anomalies quantiques en gravité." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Grenoble Alpes, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024GRALY019.
Full textQuantum Field Theory (QFT) is a rich and complex formalism that has proved to be tremendously fruitful over the past decades. Collective endeavor has allowed to greatly enhance our understanding of QFT, yet there remains much to unravel. The aim of this Ph.D. thesis is to help achieve a better understanding of some aspects of QFT, namely Effective Field Theories (EFTs) in curved spacetime and quantum (gravitational) anomalies.Throughout this thesis, our main tool will be the Path Integral, which is particularly suited when dealing with EFTs and anomalies in gravity. The first Chapter is thus dedicated to introducing the concept of Path Integral, its construction, its interpretation, and its use in QFT.The EFT paradigm has been in full swing for about a decade due to the lack of direct detection of new Physics in experiments. However, the Standard Model (SM) of Particle Physics exhibits unsolved puzzles, which call for Beyond the SM (BSM) models to resolve them. This indicates that the SM is an incomplete theory that breaks down above some energy scale, which is by definition an EFT. The effects of gravity in EFTs pertain to many scenarii (QFT around black holes, inflation, condensed matter systems, etc...), however computations in curved spacetime can quickly become untractable. This motivates the development of powerful computational tools to circumvent that difficulty. The second Chapter of this thesis is thus dedicated to introducing the EFT paradigm, and to presenting our results concerning EFT computations in gravity. As an interesting novelty, we fill a dearth in the literature concerning chiral fermions in gravity in the Path Integral, and obtain new effective operators that were omitted before.The subject of the last Chapter of this thesis is the study of quantum anomalies, which are the breaking of classical symmetries upon quantisation of the theory. Anomalies occur in low energy EFTs, and hold a prominent place due to their relation to topological invariants. As a result, topological anomalies are independent from the energy scale of the EFT, and provide direct insight into high energy effects. Besides their topological nature, they have important phenomenological implications, the historical example being the decay of pions into two photons. Anomalies are central in the understanding of QFTs, and have been the subject of many debates up until very recently. As we will see, difficulties are mainly due to their crucial link to divergences that need regularising and renormalising. These difficulties are exacerbated in curved spacetime when several symmetries are intertwined. Along with these discussions, several of our results are presented in Chapter 3. We first propose an efficient method to extract anomalies from EFTs while keeping non-anomalous symmetries under control. We then help solving a controversy regarding the presence of parity violating effects in the trace anomaly of a Weyl fermion. Finally, we extend our previous result to conclude on the absence of parity violating contributions to the trace anomaly in a model-independent manner
Dachian, Serguei. "Quelques Contributions à la Statistique des Processus, à la Théorie des Champs Aléatoires et à la Statistique des Champs Aléatoires." Habilitation à diriger des recherches, Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand II, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00768721.
Full textJirari, Hamza. "Méthodes non perturbatives en mécanique quantique et en théorie des champs quantiques." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2001. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/NQ57939.pdf.
Full textNgo, Dac Tuan. "Compactification des champs de chtoucas de Drinfeld et théorie des invariants géométriques." Paris 11, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA112193.
Full textIN THE PROOF OF DRINFELD AND LAFFORGUE OF THE LANGLANDS CORRESPONDANCE FOR GL(r) OVER FUNCTION FIELDS, THE MOST DIFFICULT STEP CONSISTS IN CONSTRUCTING COMPACTIFICATIONS OF MODULI SPACES (RATHER THAN STACKS) OF SHTUKAS OF DRINFELD. TO VERIFY THE PROPERNESS, LAFFORGUE USED THE SEMISTABLE REDUCTION OF LANGTON AND AN DETAILED ANALYSIS OF THE MODULI PROPERTIES THAT DEFINE THESE COMPACTIFICATIONS. IF ONE HOPES TO PROVE THE LANGLANDS CORRESPONDANCE OVER FUNCTION FIELDS FOR OTHER REDUCTIVE GROUPS, ONE OF NATURAL QUESTIONS IS TO GENERALISE THE COMPACTIFICATIONS OF LAFFORGUE IN A MORE GENERAL CONTEXT. IN THIS CASE, THE APPROCHE OF LAFFORGUE SEEMS VERY DIFFICULT TO CARRY OUT. THIS THESIS PRESENTS ANOTHER WAY TO CONSTRUCT COMPACTIFICATIONS OF STACKS OF CHTOUCAS BY USING A GENERAL METHOD: GEOMETRIC INVARIANT THEORY. WE FIND AGAIN THE COMPACTIFICATIONS OF LAFFORGUE AND DISCOVER NEW COMPACTIFICATIONS, AMONG OTHERS COMPACTIFICATIONS THAT ARE DUAL TO THOSE OF LAFFORGUE. MOREOVER, THIS METHOD IS SUSCEPTIBLE TO PRODUCE COMPACTIFICATIONS OF STACKS OF G-CHTOUCAS FOR A GENERAL REDUCTIVE GROUP G
Petit, Pierre. "Sur la théorie de Cramér et sa généralisation aux champs asymptotiquement découplés." Paris 11, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA112171.
Full textThe present thesis is a sequel in a series of works on fundamental theory of large deviations. Cramér (1938) showed that the empirical means of a sequence of real independent and identically distributed random variables satisfied a large deviations principle (LDP). And Chernoff (1952) identified the entropy of the LDP with the opposite of convex-transfon of the pressure (s=-p*). Donsker and Varadhan (1966) found a setting which generalises the LDP, from which follows th equality s=-p*. Their formalism was developed in the classical books of Azencott (1980), de Acosta (1985), Deuschel an Stroock (1989) and Dembo and Zeitouni (1993). Following the ideas of Bahadur and Zabell (1979), the present thesis gives a more optimal setting to obtain the equality s=-p*. This work gives a better understanding of the relevant tools in Cramér's theory (subadditivity, convexity, convex-tightness). Ln passing, we give a new short proof of Cramér's original result on the realline. Moreover, we ex tend Cramér's theory to asymptotically decoupled fields which were introduced b Pfister (2002): we relax the independence hypothesis, keeping a pseudo-subadditivity. Eventually our setting generalises Cramér's and Sanov's theories, and the principles of large deviations for Markov chains (Donsker and Varadhan) and Gibbs fields (Comets, Orey, Pelikan, Fbllmer, Ort and Olla)
Remy, Guillaume. "Intégrabilité du chaos multiplicatif gaussien et théorie conforme des champs de Liouville." Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PSLEE051/document.
Full textThroughout this PhD thesis we will study two probabilistic objects, Gaussian multiplicative chaos (GMC) measures and Liouville conformal field theory (LCFT). GMC measures were first introduced by Kahane in 1985 and have grown into an extremely important field of probability theory and mathematical physics. Very recently GMC has been used to give a probabilistic definition of the correlation functions of LCFT, a theory that first appeared in Polyakov’s 1981 seminal work, “Quantum geometry of bosonic strings”. Once the connection between GMC and LCFT is established, one can hope to translate the techniques of conformal field theory in a probabilistic framework to perform exact computations on the GMC measures. This is precisely what we develop for GMC on the unit circle. We write down the BPZ equations which lead to non-trivial relations on the GMC. Our final result is an exact probability density for the total mass of the GMC measure on the unit circle. This proves a conjecture of Fyodorov and Bouchaud stated in 2008. Furthermore, it turns out that the same techniques also work on a more difficult model, the GMC on the unit interval, and thus we also prove conjectures put forward independently by Ostrovsky and by Fyodorov, Le Doussal, and Rosso in 2009. The last part of this thesis deals with the construction of LCFT on a domain with the topology of an annulus. We follow the techniques introduced by David-Kupiainen- Rhodes-Vargas although novel ingredients are required as the annulus possesses two boundaries and a non-trivial moduli space. We also provide more direct proofs of known results
Ma, Wen-Jie. "Higher-Point Conformal Blocks." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/70384.
Full textConformal field theories (CFTs) play a central role in modern theoretical physics. The study of CFTs leads to a deep understanding of both string theory and condensed matter physics. In a CFT, correlation functions are essential ingredients for the computation of physical observables. Due to the existence of the operator product expansion (OPE), conformal correlation functions can be separated into their dynamical parts, which constitute of the OPE coefficients as well as the conformal dimensions, and their kinematic parts, dubbed the conformal blocks, which are completely fixed by conformal symmetry. Since the conformal bootstrap was revived in 2008, several techniques have been developed to compute the four-point conformal blocks during the last decade. In contrast to the four-point blocks, conformal blocks with more than four points, which are notoriously difficult to compute, have not been studied in great detail, although these higher-point conformal blocks are useful for the implementation of higher-point conformal bootstrap as well as the study of AdS Witten diagrams. In this thesis, by using the embedding space OPE, we obtain expressions for the scalar M-point conformal blocks with scalar exchanges in the comb configuration as well as scalar six-and seven-point conformal blocks with scalar exchanges in the snowflake and extended snowflake configurations. Moreover, we propose a set of Feynman-like rules to directly write down an explicit form for any global conformal block in one and two dimensions. Based on the position space OPE, we prove the Feynman-like rules by construction. Finally, after discussing the symmetry properties of the conformal blocks, we develop a systematical way to write down the bootstrap equations for higher-point correlation functions.
Baseilhac, Pascal. "Déformations intégrables de théories quantiques de champs, théories de Toda affinées et dualités." Montpellier 2, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998MON20149.
Full textPerdry, Hervé. "Aspects constructifs de la théorie des corps valués (précédée d'un chapitre sur la noethérianité constructive)." Besançon, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001BESA2041.
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