Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Théorie des causes'
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Portolano, Diane. "Essai d'une théorie générale de la provocation." Thesis, Aix-Marseille 3, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011AIX32046.
Full textCommon in criminal law, never undertaken in civil law or in administrative law, this research shows the wide legal approach of the notion of provocation. Despite this richness, no transverse study has never been done about it. Moreover, this notion remains undefined. Nevertheless, not only the conceptualisation of provocation has been necessary, owing to the absence of coherence regarding its approach, but this conceptualisation was also not perfectly conceivable.To that purpose, the typology of provocation’s behaviours, its nature and characterisation were able to be set up. Then, the duality of provocation, which is the result of the essential influence’s relation of the provoker on the provoked person, required studying expressions of the provocation on the one who is incited. Regarding this matter, it seemed the subjectivity of the concept of provocation often faced with the increasing objectivation of liabilities and explained, at least partially, the decline of its legal approach, in particular in criminal law. Therefore, the conceptualisation of the provocation was confronted to serious difficulties, regarding both the definition and the concept, of notions relating to provocation and inherent in the legal responsibility, such as culpability, will, intention, accountability or the causal link and imputation as well. Without expecting a total renewal of the notions belonging to the theory of liability, a clarification of these ones seems to be a necessary precondition for the conceptualisation of provocation and its practical application. Eventually, to the finding of an eminently subjective nature of provocation, must be added the one of a special legal regime. The regime of provocation, following the example of its nature, turns out to be dual: it involves or reduces the legal responsibility depending on the person charged is the provoked or the provoker. Special, dual and subjective, the legal regime of the provocation will point out its extent and assure it of real efficiency
Pavlopoulos, Marc. "L'intentionnalité pratique entre causes et raisons." Paris, EHESS, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008EHES0017.
Full textWhat is an intentional action? How do intentionality, rationality and having a reason to act relate? The debate between reasons and causes is badly put: the real question is not whether the relationship between intention and action is causal or not, but whether what makes an action intentional is a natural fact, or a form of description (Anscombe). Acting intentionally does require possession of the description under which the action is intentional, so intentional action is best approached by reasons. Having an intention is not willing: the intention is not the start of action, but a first-personal action-thought or -'practical knowledge. " The antinomy between reasons and causes really stems from the asymmetry of psychological verbs (Wittgenstein). For action verbs too are psychological verbs, even though they relate to happenings that take place outside our bodies. Causal explanations of action are typically third-personal, whereas reasons are always first-personal. Confusions between theses two standpoints lead to tremendous errors on the nature of practical rationality. The distinction between reasons and causes really becomes insightful when applied to moral psychology: it sheds light on the question of reason and motivation. Practical reasoning leads to action, and therefore motivates; but it is also defeasible (or non-monotonic). If reasons for action never are complete, why act on them? Various forms of skepticism are envisioned. I conclude that practical reasoning is a genuine form of inference, but a material, not a formaI one, in which will and intelligence melt (Aristotle). I finally advocate an expressivist account of practical reasoning
Gün, Ozgür. "L'introduction de l'hypothèse d'altruisme dans la théorie économique contemporaine : causes, modalités et conséquences." Paris 1, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA010003.
Full textLalanne, Jacques. "Concept, mesures et causes de la frustration dans le gouvernement des organisations." Paris, ENSAM, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005ENAM0033.
Full textFrustration is the state of the one who is deprived of a legitimate satisfaction, who is disappointed in their expectations. It may be due the absence of an abject ( a lack of food, water, money ) or the presence ofan inner or outer obstacle, forbidding its access" (N. Sillamy, Bordas, 1983). Frustration appears From the moment that we take an irreversible decision within our reach, in normal conditions, in a competitive environl11ent, and that we come up against an insuperable obstacle that leads is to failure. This frustration will generate conflicts. What arc the causes of these failures? To answer this question, we have analysed the cognitive workings linked to the decision-taking process of, first, the individual player and then the decision-making, economic player. We have put to the fore the presence of certain biases linked to our way of reasoning. This concept is analysed through the financial decisions within the corporate government. We have limited our research to the theories of the institutionalist choice and to the theories of the rational choice. After drawing up an inventory of all these theories, we have shown their limits. No model exists to avoid risks totally, but combining the theory of expected utility, statistical models and decision trees leads us to broaden the scope of our research and become aware of the whole problem we are faced with and , as a result, reduce these biases
Belardello, Mario Jovani. "Etudes sur la nature et les causes du transfert de la richesse entre la sphère réelle et la sphère financière : théorie d'une économie discriminante fondée sur la maximisation des mécanismes de capture des flux économiques." Paris 2, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA020105.
Full textLorne, Marie-Claude. "Explications fonctionnelles et normativité : analyse de la théorie du rôle causal et des théories étiologiques de la fonction." Paris, EHESS, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004EHES0069.
Full textThis thesis examines the explanatory scope and the normative import of three theories of functions : the causal role theory (Cummins), the etiological theory (Wright) and the selective etiological theory (Neander, Godfrey-Smith). It shows that the causal role theory can only be applied to hierarchically organized systems, and that while it allows us to ascribe a function to malfunctional items, a concept of natural norm cannot be derived from it. It explains why the etiological theory is not a historical theory of function, and why it cannot give an account of functional ascriptions made in a scientific context (biology). It demonstrates that Godfrey-Smith's theory cannot claim both to be teleological-historical and stand as a reconstruction of some fomrs of functional explanations in biology. Finally, it also shows that a concept of natural norm cannot be derived from the selective etiological theory
Wechs, Julian. "Relations causales multipartites en théorie quantique." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020GRALY008.
Full textIn recent years, the investigation of causal relations in quantum theory has attracted a lot of interest. In particular, it has been found that it is possible to conceive of scenarios where some parties perform operations that are compatible with quantum theory locally, but that cannot be embedded into a global background causal structure. Such indefinite causal structures are of interest from a fundamental point of view, but also from the perspective of quantum information processing, since they do not fit into the usual paradigm of quantum circuits, which assumes a definite causal order. The main aim of this thesis is to study indefinite quantum causal relations involving more than two parties. Compared to the bipartite case, there are many new aspects and complications that arise in multipartite situations, which need to be clarified in order to fundamentally understand quantum causal structures, and to shed light on their implications and potential usefulness for quantum information processing.A suitable mathematical framework for the investigation of quantum causal relations is the process matrix formalism. In this framework, the notion of causal nonseparability was introduced in order to qualify scenarios that are incompatible with a definite causal order. In Chapter 2, we study how to generalise this concept to the multipartite case, how to characterise multipartite causally (non)separable quantum processes, and how to certify multipartite causal nonseparability. Another important topic is to determine which quantum scenarios with indefinite causal order are physically implementable, and how they can be realised concretely. In Chapter 3, we introduce two new classes of physically realisable multipartite quantum processes, and characterise them in terms of their process matrix descriptions. In particular, we define the class of quantum circuits with quantum control of causal order. The simplest example of such a circuit is the quantum switch, a protocol in which the order between two operations is controlled by a qubit in a superposition state, and which defines a causally nonseparable process. The class we introduce also contains more general examples of causally nonseparable processes with new features. We then show how the process matrix characterisation of this class allows us to search for new quantum information processing applications of causal nonseparability. In Chapter 4, we investigate a particular quantum communication effect in a scenario involving coherent control between two quantum channels. This leads us to a more general analysis of the notion of a coherently controlled channel, which involves certain subtilities. In Chapter 5, we turn to another problem that arises in multipartite scenarios, namely whether a given phenomenon is genuinely multipartite or not. More particularly, we study genuinely multipartite (non)causal correlations. In Chapter 6, we show that anomalous weak values are possible without post-selection. In Chapter 7, we show that certain tripartite process matrices, namely those that are unitarily extensible, have a realisation on so-called time-delocalised subsystems, i.e., quantum subsystems that are not associated with a definite time. The class of unitarily extensible tripartite process matrices is larger than the class of quantum circuits with quantum control, and in particular contains processes that violate so-called causal inequalities
Dubé, Jean-Philippe. "Causalité dans la théorie darwinienne." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/38704.
Full textPuma, André-Charles. "Les deux corps du juge et le syndrome du dispositif : étude sur les causes de l'incomplétude normative, sa portée juridictionnelle et ses autres conséquences en droit continental français contemporain." Thesis, Paris 2, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PA020047.
Full textThe two bodies of the judge and the syndrome of the device: study on the causes of the normative incompleteness, legal scope and its other consequences in contemporary French continental law.The rule of law can be defined as an institutional system in which the public authority is subject to the law. This notion has been redefined in the early twentieth century by Hans Kelsen as: "a State in which legal standards are prioritized so that its power is limited. Such a system that asks patients to the rule submission, presupposes the legitimacy of its agents, in addition to objective translation of normativity which from. So far it appears from the observation devices resulting, structural and functional abnormalities with the constituent clinical effects of a syndrome, that point the dysfunctions of a jurisdictional space essentially abandoned to individualities. As a result, the interactions between agents and patients (litigants, defendants, plaintiffs) cannot be separated from the analysis of these events specific to the continental law, including contemporary french. It is therefore, after identification of the syndrome and the analysis of the 'system concept', made the observation that for a constant regulatory paradox and noted the clinical signs of disease, that we examined the vectors. However, the observation that resulted was driving, consider the inevitable and to integrate it, either search for the original causes and ways to mitigate the effects. Accordingly, it is in the light of a paradigm of constant, clean to the continental law, after having noted the effects and identified the causes of disease as revealed by the syndrome of the device, we have created the concept of residualism. Therefore, after to have seen both the foundations that the strategy we sought in the first tracks likely to reduce the scope and lead to the development of a "guided" device, both aiming to get effective accession of agents and of the patients, to unload the judge of a normative responsibility is not hers
Chéritat, Véronique. "Les modes d'évolution de la théorie générale du contrat." Orléans, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004ORLE0006.
Full textVallet, Fanny. "Comment évalue-t-on l'efficience de notre mémoire : le rôle des attributions causales et des théories naïves." Thesis, Grenoble, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012GRENS008.
Full textThis work aims at identifying the determinants of Memory Self-Efficacy (MSE). In chapter 1, we define MSE and describe determinants of MSE proposed in the literature. The determinants we propose are organized according to two axes. MSE has been shown to decline with aging. One suggested explanation for this decline is that culturally shared beliefs about memory decline lead older adults to evaluate their memory as being poor, regardless of their actual memory performance. However, explanatory mechanisms of this effect have rarely been studied. We assume that older adults' tendency to attribute their everyday memory failures to their age should explain age-related decline in MSE. In chapter 2, we show that the tendency to attribute one's memory failures to one's age partially mediates the link between age and MSE. In chapter 3, we present a longitudinal study conducted in order to a) examine whether this age attribution and old age group identification decrease MSE and change over time in MSE, and b) identify age attribution determinants, with the hypothesis that general beliefs about memory decline and identification with the older adults influence age attribution, as well as change over time in age attribution. Transversal analyses partially support our hypotheses but we fail to observe the same effects using a longitudinal method. MSE is both specific to some domains (e.g., memory for numbers, memory for faces) and general across several domains. Literature about MSE does not tell much about the conditions allowing the generalization of MSE from one domain to another domain. We assume that the generalization of MSE from one domain to another depends on a particular lay theory, the unity conception of memory (unitary vs. multiple conception), with the hypothesis that MSE generalization would appear more when participants conceive memory as unitary rather than multiple. In chapter 4, we present four studies testing this hypothesis. Globally, we fail to observe the expected effects, likely due to the chosen domains. To our knowledge, no study has been conducted to identify memory domains used to spontaneously categorize memory situations. In chapter 5, we present two studies designed to identify these domains. In chapter 6, we discuss our results regarding MSE literature
Boukhris, Imen. "Causal modeling under a belief function framework." Thesis, Artois, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013ARTO0401/document.
Full textThis thesis focuses on the modeling of causality under the belief function framework. We have first analyzed and revised the theoretical foundations of existing associational belief models. Then, we have proposed a graphical structure that serves as a basis for the causal belief network. In this latter, uncertainty at the nodes is given in terms of conditional mass distributions. Since intervention is a crucial concept for an efficient causal analysis, we have introduced a counterpart of the do operator as a tool to represent interventions on causal belief networks. The proposed model allows computing the simultaneous effect of observations and interventions. It is assumed that considering an intervention as an action that always succeeds to force its target variable to have a precise value, by making it completely independent of its original causes, is a condition rarely achieved in real-world applications. Therefore, we have examined the treatment of interventions whose occurrence is imperfect and/or have imperfect consequences. In the last part of the thesis, we have proposed a model for causality ascription to interpret influential relationships between different attributes of the system namely causality, facilitation or justification in the presence observational and interventional data. Since decision makers are not only interested in ascribing causes, this model allows to define different strengths of a cause
Bento, de Carvalho Lucas. "L'apport du droit du travail à la théorie générale de l'acte juridique." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015BORD0105.
Full textBy the representations it conveys and the solutions it encourages, the building of ageneral theory is never neutral in an axiological plan. Although its construction is based on knowledgeof Positive Law de lege lata, the resulting order meanwhile remains closely linked to the perceptionsand beliefs of the interpreter. It is in this sense that must be addressed the question of the contributionof labor law to the general theory of the legal act. This study highlights the protean nature of theconsidered phenomenon, without concealing the situations where the discipline resembles more acounter productive model than a true source of inspiration. Adopting a prospective point of view, thisresearch highlights aspects of the labour law likely to encourage the promotion of a theory of the legalact marked by pluralism. The material thus contributes to underline the variety of conditions in whichforms the willingness to engage oneself, just like the diversity of its modes of expression. It alsoshows a certain capacity to translate in the field of law, in order to understand them better, theotherness of the balances of power and the mutability of the factual data accompanying the executionof legal acts
Vanandruel, Jean-Pierre. "L'analyse du mouvement dans les traités de philosophie de la nature et dans les traités métaphysiques d'Aristote." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris 1, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PA01H230.
Full textAristotle's Metaphysics contains analyses of movement. The present thesis seeks to determine the reasons for their presence in these texts, and the point of view - different from that of physics - under which Aristotle studies what the causes and principles of natural movements are. A study of previous opinions and the construction of correlative aporias shows that Aristotle situates the inquiry of the Metaphysics in continuity with those of other philosophers: the aim is to conceive what the first principles of all things, or of all beings, are, in a way that improves on the Physicists and the Platonists. Now, since he criticises his predecessors’ principles on the ground that they are incapable of explaining natural movements, we can conclude that the solutions conceived by Aristotle do provide first principles capable of accounting for natural movements. The wisdom and the first science of the Metaphysics is, in my view, this search for the first principles and the first causes. This science is the science of substance, and so is distinguished from physical science, in that it establishes that substances are the first principles of all things, and this in three different senses: (1) substances are principles of all things, since without them there can be no other beings and no movement; (2) the form is first substance and principle of compound substances; and, with matter, it is an ungenerated principle for their generations and their movements; (3) there are substances that are prior to natural substances: the ordered movers of the movements of the celestial spheres
Pernot, Pascal. "À propos de la cause en psychanalyse." Paris 8, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999PA083734.
Full textFreud discovers that the cause of thought and desire lies in a "defective translation" between verbal representation, that the mecanisms governing the unconscious subvert the rationality founded on Kantian a priories. They ignore the linearity of time and the binary geometry of space as a result of the absence of negation. Freud develops intrinsically in the clinic of the unconscious a knowledge in harmony with these data. The cause of lack is attributed to the hiatus between verbal chains. Seeking to situate it extrinsically in the positivist science of the 19th century, Freud calls on the erroneous - but accepted at the time - causal hypothesis of the phylogenetic transmission of the memory of the threat of the father of a primitive horde and the guilt resulting from his murder. Biology, logic, ethnology, linguistics, psychology invalidate this theory. Jacques Lacan, taking these criticisms into account as early as 1938, formalises the unconscious reason, the rationality of the subjective cause, the consistence of psychoanalysis using successive topological approaches (graphs and surfaces for instrinsicness, knots for extrinsicness). He substracts analysis from the Popperian critique of tautology and opens a rigorous clinical field independent from biology and psychiatry. His advance opens up to an ethic of the contemporary subject without transcendent alterity. It allows the transmission of knowledge constructed in the cure. The topology of knots after 1972 implies new considerations on the "passe", a device invented by Lacan in his School of psychoanalysis to sanction the end of a cure and guarantee the training of the psychoanalyst
Dross, William. "Le mécanisme de l'accession. Eléments pour une théorie de la revendication en valeur." Phd thesis, Université Nancy II, 2000. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00457621.
Full textIbnouhsein, Mohamed Issam. "Quantum correlations and causal structures." Thesis, Paris 11, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA112426/document.
Full textRecent works in foundations of quantum (field) theory and relativistic quantum information try to better grasp the interplay between the structure of quantum correlations and the constraints imposed by causality on physical operations. Chapter 1 is dedicated to the study of the conceptual implications of quantum nonlocality, a concept that subsumes that of entanglement in a certain way. We detail the recent information-theoretic approaches to understanding the structure of nonlocal correlations, and the issues the latter raise concerning the ability of local observers to isolate a system from its environment. Chapter 2 reviews in what sense imposing Poincaré invariance affects entanglement detection and quantification procedures. This invariance ultimately forces a description of all quantum systems within the framework of quantum field theory, which leads to the impossibility of localized finite-energy states and to the divergence of all entanglement measures for local observers. We provide a solution to these two problems by showing that there exists a generic equivalence between a finite spatial resolution of the measurement apparatus and the exclusion of high-energy degrees of freedom from the definition of the observed system. This equivalence allows for an epistemic interpretation of the standard quantum formalism describing nonrelativistic localized systems and their correlations, hence a clarification of the origin of the finite measures of entanglement between such systems. Chapter 3 presents a recent theoretical framework that predicts the existence of correlations with indefinite causal order. In analogy to the information-theoretic approaches to nonlocal correlations, we introduce some principles that constrain the structure of such correlations, which is a first step toward a clear understanding of their physical origin
Milazzo, Sébastien. "La théorie du Fluxus chez Albert le Grand : principes philosophiques et applications théologiques : le De fluxu causatorum a causa prima et causarum ordine : introduction, texte, traduction, notes et commentaire." Thesis, Metz, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007METZ002L/document.
Full textThe purpose of this study consists in the language of procession and creation that has fallen into oblivion for too long within the contextual framework of Neo-Platonism and XIII th century Aristotelian understanding : that of the fluxus theory – namely that of the flux one, in Albert the Great’s works ( 1200- 1280). Our ain is to provide the reader with a descriptive , historical and philosophical outlook over the text in which the "Doctor universalis" exposes his flux theory: the “De fluxu causatorum a causa prima et causarum ordine”, the fourth treaty of the "De causis et processu universitatis a prima causa" ( 1264- 1267).Albert's doxography, far from being a series of digressions or still mere paraphrases of "opiniones antiquorum", is to be regarded as the setting up of a genuine awareness process in the history of philosophy, of its never-ending existence and its critical moments. What's more still, the overall purpose of Albert’s doxography is to provide answers to problematic issues non only originating from the past but also rooted in the contemporary world of our "Doctor universalis". Indeed, throughout the criticism of Trismegist’s pantheism or even more clearly, that of Gebirol's materialism, what rises into view is the criticism of Amaury de Bène's formalist pantheism. Besides, the reader is to find a workshop translation of the text as well as its linear-related philosophical commentary. Albert used to define the "fluxus" as an emanation and as a procession. How was Albert, however philosophical-oriented he might have been, to succeed in tackling the argumentation of a Crypto-Neo- Platonism theory of procession and inserting it into a Christian one?
Darrason, Marie. "Y a-t-il une théorie génétique de la maladie ?" Thesis, Paris 1, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA010596/document.
Full textWhile there is no consensual definition of the concept of genetic disease, this concept has gradually extended to designate common, non-hereditary, non-Mendelian, polygenic diseases, leading to the geneticization of diseases. In order to solve this paradox of the contemporary medical genetics, philosophers usually discard geneticization as an inappropriate genocentrist extension of the concept of genetic disease and attempt to define a stricter concept of genetic disease. We demonstrate the failure of this strategy and argue on the contrary that we should give up the concept of genetic disease and understand geneticization as the elaboration of an explanation of the common role of genes in diseases, what we call “a genetic theory of disease”. We define the conditions of possibility and the necessary criteria for a genetic theory a minima and end up with describing the spectrum of potential genetic theories. We then suggest to test whether geneticization of diseases reveals rather a genetic theory of diseases, that is, a set of genetic theories specific to each class of disease, or a genetic theory of disease, that is, a general definition of disease unifying the common role of genes in disease explanations. In order to do so, we analyse two examples of contemporary genetic theories: the genetic theory of infectious diseases and the genetic theory of network medicine. We conclude that several forms of genetic theories coexist in the contemporary biomedical literature and that this coexistence is necessary
Atallah, Caroline. "Analyse de relations de discours causales en corpus : étude empirique et caractérisation théorique." Thesis, Toulouse 2, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014TOU20072/document.
Full textThe purpose of this thesis is to study the linguistic realizations of causal relations, according to a semantic and pragmatic approach of discourse structure. Even though causality is a central phenomenon in most theoretical frameworks on discourse, to date there is no consensus on the relations associated to it. Confronting the hypotheses put forward in the literature with our own observations on the basis of attested data, we offer to enrich a specific discourse theoretical model, i.e. SDRT (Segmented Discourse Representation Theory). Therefore, this study stands at the interface between corpus linguistics and theoretical linguistics. The analyses we carried out are based on the EXPLICADIS corpus, which is a written French corpus built specifically to meet the objective. Annotating this corpus with causal discourse relations allowed us to analyze these using an original approach which consists in starting from the relation itself rather than its markers. This approach provided us with the opportunity to offer a unified vision of causality by characterizing the different discourse causal relations in the framework of SDRT. It also provided us with the opportunity to conduct quantitative and comparative corpus studies. Our work also includes an overview of the different means of expression of causality that are documented in written French
Dang, Nguyen Viet. "Renormalization of quantum field theory on curved space-times, a causal approach." Paris 7, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA077188.
Full textThe subject of the thesis is the construction of a perturbative quantum theory of interacting fields on a curved space-time, following a point of view pioneered by Stueckelberg and Bogoliubov and developed by Epstein-Glaser on the flat Minkowski space-time. In 2000 a breakthrough was done by Brunetti and Fredenhagen who were able to extend the Epstein-Glaser theory by exploiting the point of view developed by Radzikowski to define quantum states on a curved space-time in terms of wave-front sets. These results were further extended by Fredenhagen, Brunetti, Hollands, Wald, Rejzner, etc. To Yang-Mills fields and the gravitation. However, even for theories without gauge invariance, many mathematical details were left unexplored and unquestioned. The task of Viet was precisely to derive fully rigorously this theory in the case there is no gauge invariance. In my work, I propose a complete review of the result, solving numerous questions, adding many new results around this program and, eventually, giving more precise details on the counterterms and ambiguities in the renormalization process, and a deeper understanding of the geometry of the wave front set of the n-point functions. All this thesis uses various mathematical techniques: differential and pseudo Riemannian geometry, microlocal analysis and the symplectic geometry of wavefront sets, functional analysis, fine results from the theory of distributions, Hopf algebras, etc
Sam, Keth Vichetra. "Formalisation de l'interfonctionnement dans les résaux de télécommunication et définition d'une théorie de test pour systèmes concurrents." Paris 7, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA077171.
Full textSiri, Romain. "Essai d'une théorie générale de la clause contractuelle : réflexions de lege lata et de lege ferenda à partir du droit commun du contrat." Thesis, Aix-Marseille 3, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011AIX32061.
Full textContract can be presented like a whole clauses. For all that, all is more that the sum of parties. Bringing together many clauses round contract give rise to a entity which can assert a life particular, autonomous detached of his elements constituent original. In so far as notion functional, contract ensure intellectually your own uniqueness. Contract is the element federative which consolidate the relation until pass the peculiarity of clauses which her compose. Under this analysis traditional, contract had always been apprehended globally, it’s like a compilation of clauses. It’s had always did the purpose of investigations globally. Clause is at that time that one of elements of contract which decompose to clauses. However, each party is more than element of all. Clauses earn therefore autonomy. Dispersal of center contract lead to favour clauses like centre of interest. Throught contract, it comes to see clauses. Contract is related clauses which somme can live whitout it. Clause can be seen deprive effects independently of situation of contract ou survive after destruction of contract. It interest then legal transaction to define legal juridical and no more only contract on the whole. Contract had always by past apprenhended in analysis global that is like a all producing obligations. In future, contracts are dissected. What it analyse those stipulations because that what signify it is inclusion or exclusion of many clauses. It is agreed at present to dower clause of status general. The conception global is criticized. Contract must be dissected, dismembered, atomized to discover under unity composite contract his clauses. Contract produce subset compose by clauses. Contract and clause are in relation interdependence
Le, Floch Valérie. "Un critère d'évaluation des explications causales : la plausibilité." Clermont-Ferrand 2, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999CLF20001.
Full textIf we want to find a criterion for judging the value of an everyday explanation which simultaneously takes account of the subject's knowledge of the world, the necessities of the speech situation and the compatibility of this speech with what is considered to be generally socially acceptable, then such a criterion cannot be reduced to the concept of exactitude, correction, pragmatic relevance or social acceptability since these three value registers all have to be integrated into the explanation. In contrast, the criterion of plausibility, which makes it possible to differentiate between linguistic productions on the basis of their utility in the general functioning of the language, seems to be a relevant criterion. The results of the first three studies presented show that: 1) subjects are able to judge and establish a hierarchy of explanations as a function of their level of plausibility; 2) the more plausible a sentence is, the faster subjects are in judging its plausibility; 3) the more plausible an explanation is, the better able subjects are to reproduce the original event which had to be explained. Moreover, if we accept the idea that general usage of the language requires us to satisfy norms that relate to the entire language community and which are tied up with questions of social utility, then explanations which are characterised by their social utility - i. E. Internal explanations - should be processed more spontaneously than external explanations. The results of study 4 then go on to show that the plausibility of sentences which involve an internal explanation is judged more quickly than that of sentences which involve an external explanation
Bejaoui, Sayfeddine. "Evaluation des politiques de l'emploi : analyse théorique et micro-économétrique." Phd thesis, Université Paris Dauphine - Paris IX, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00990099.
Full textBousson, Kouamana. "Raisonnement causal pour la supervision de processus basée sur des modèles." Toulouse, INSA, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993ISAT0023.
Full textOlsen, Catharina. "Causal inference and prior integration in bioinformatics using information theory." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/209401.
Full textAnother important problem in bioinformatics is the question of how the inferred networks’ quality can be evaluated. The current best practice is a two step procedure. In the first step, the highest scoring interactions are compared to known interactions stored in biological databases. The inferred networks passes this quality assessment if there is a large overlap with the known interactions. In this case, a second step is carried out in which unknown but high scoring and thus promising new interactions are validated ’by hand’ via laboratory experiments. Unfortunately when integrating prior knowledge in the inference procedure, this validation procedure would be biased by using the same information in both the inference and the validation. Therefore, it would no longer allow an independent validation of the resulting network.
The main contribution of this thesis is a complete computational framework that uses experimental knock down data in a cross-validation scheme to both infer and validate directed networks. Its components are i) a method that integrates genomic data and prior knowledge to infer directed networks, ii) its implementation in an R/Bioconductor package and iii) a web application to retrieve prior knowledge from PubMed abstracts and biological databases. To infer directed networks from genomic data and prior knowledge, we propose a two step procedure: First, we adapt the pairwise feature selection strategy mRMR to integrate prior knowledge in order to obtain the network’s skeleton. Then for the subsequent orientation phase of the algorithm, we extend a criterion based on interaction information to include prior knowledge. The implementation of this method is available both as part of the prior retrieval tool Predictive Networks and as a stand-alone R/Bioconductor package named predictionet.
Furthermore, we propose a fully data-driven quantitative validation of such directed networks using experimental knock-down data: We start by identifying the set of genes that was truly affected by the perturbation experiment. The rationale of our validation procedure is that these truly affected genes should also be part of the perturbed gene’s childhood in the inferred network. Consequently, we can compute a performance score
Doctorat en Sciences
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
Mary, David. "Techniques causales de codage avec et sans pertes pour les signaux vectoriels." Paris : École nationale supérieure des télécommunications, 2003. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb39085235p.
Full textAraujo, João Paulo de. "A communication-efficient causal broadcast publish/subscribe system." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SORUS081.
Full textThe Publish/Subscribe (Pub/Sub) paradigm enables nodes of a distributed system to disseminate information asynchronously. This thesis investigates how to provide a communication-efficient topic-based Pub/Sub system by addressing the problems of traffic overhead and message contention, present in several tree-based solutions. The proposed contributions build distributed spanning trees on top of a hypercube-like topology, such that the source of each message is the root of its own dynamically built spanning tree. Trees rooted at different nodes are differently organized. Initially, it is proposed a causal broadcast protocol which reduces network traffic by aggregating messages without the use of timers. It exploits the causal relation between messages and path intersections between different trees. Different from existing timer-based approaches, it does not increase delivery latency. The second contribution is a topic-based Pub/Sub system, VCube-PS, which ensures causal delivery order for messages published to the same topic and efficiently supports publication of messages to "hot topics'', i.e., topics with high publication rates. Simulation results confirm that the proposed causal aggregation protocol reduces network traffic as well as delivery latencies since there is less message contention. Compared to an approach that uses one single tree per topic, VCube-PS performs better when there is a high publication rate per topic since it provides load balancing of publication
Obin, Olivier. "Territoires en construction : de la géographie sociale à l'acteur-réseau : une lecture des dynamiques sportives de nature dans les Grands Causses." Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00973203.
Full textLagoutte, Julien. "Les conditions de la responsabilité en droit privé : éléments pour une théorie générale de la responsabilité juridique." Thesis, Bordeaux 4, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012BOR40032.
Full textWhile the radical distinction between criminal law and civil liability is classically taught, a thorough survey of positive law reveals a general and profound trend towards a confusion of these two disciplines. Faced with this paradox, the jurist wonders : how to articulate the civil and criminal laws of responsibility ? To answer this question, the thesis suggests abandoning the traditional approach of the subject, which consists in treating it as a mere category of classification of the different branches, civil and criminal, of responsibility/liability. Legal responsibility is presented as an autonomous and general institution organizing the response from the system to abnormal disturbance of social equilibrium. Civil liability law and criminal law are, as far as they are concerned, henceforth conceived as the mere technical applications of this institution in positive law.On the basis of this new approach and through the prism of the study of liability conditions in private law, the thesis proposes a technical and rational organization of criminal law and civil liability that may provide the guiding principles of a real general theory of legal responsibility. As a general institution, it gives not only a concept of responsibility, requiring degradation of a legally protected interest, abnormality and legal causation, and establishing the convergence of criminal law and civil law, but also a system of responsibility, determining the divergences of them and steering the first towards the protection of general interest and the second towards the protection of victims
Martiel, Simon. "Approches informatique et mathématique des dynamiques causales de graphes." Thesis, Nice, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015NICE4043/document.
Full textCellular Automata constitute one of the most established model of discrete physical transformations that accounts for euclidean space. They implement three fundamental symmetries of physics: causality, homogeneity and finite density of information. Even though their origins lies in physics, they are widely used to model spatially distributed computation (self-replicating machines, synchronization problems,...), as well as a great variety of multi-agents phenomena (traffic jams, demographics,...). While being one of the most studied model of distributed computation, their rigidity forbids any trivial extension toward time-varying topology, which is a fundamental requirement when it comes to modelling phenomena in biology, sociology or physics: for instance when looking for a discrete formulation of general relativity. Causal graph dynamics generalize cellular automata to arbitrary, bounded degree, time-varying graphs. In this work, we generalize the fundamental structure results of cellular automata for this type of transformations. We endow our graphs with a compact metric space structure, and follow two approaches. An axiomatic approach based on the notions of continuity and shift-invariance, and a constructive approach, where a local rule is applied synchronously on every vertex of the graph. Compactness allows us to show the equivalence of these two definitions, extending the famous result of Curtis-Hedlund-Lyndon’s theorem. Another physics-inspired symmetry is then added to the model, namely reversibility
Benoistel, Amélie. "Le concept de renvoi mobile : une théorie de la reconnaissance entre le droit international privé et les libertés de circulation européenne." Thesis, Paris 1, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PA01D086.
Full textThe concept of “renvoi mobile” was born in the most distinguished private international law’s scholarship in Italy, where it was known as “rinvio mobile”. Situated on the “foreign-oriented” side of the choice-of-law rules, it gave them the ability to insert, by way of incorporation, the foreign applicable rules’ content into the legal order of the forum. For such a reading to be plausible, the choice-of-law rule was considered as “norma in bianco”, i.e. contentless rule. Thus, it seemed to be able to receive every and any normative content. The counterpart of this was that the state’s legal order seemed to be willing (or obliged) to adopt all the rules existing in foreign law as if they were its own, and, consequently, to become a patchwork of different norms, with different origins, and introduced randomly. The present work reconstructs the basis and the functions of the “rinvio mobile” in order to propose it as a relational concept able to take place in the sphere of private international law, in the process of adaptation of the regulation given to private situations by national legal orders according to the European rights of free movement. The “renvoi” to foreign law is governed by a “plurilateral” logic. The recognition of foreign decisions, acts or legal situations, is a methodological expression of this logic. The renewal of this concept enables “plurilateralism” to be considered as a new methodological identity distinct from bilateralism and unilateralism
Rifaï, Fadilé-Sylvie. "La présomption de bonne foi." Thesis, Montpellier 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010MON10041.
Full textThe presumption of good faith has a legal value, because it is consecrated by the legislature in the section 2274 of the civil code. This thesis concerns only good faith-erroneous belief and tries to precise its content and juridical rule, as this notion is always accused to be blurred and vague. Erroneous belief is the result of objective material elements which are significant of trust and invasive of the state of mind of the victim. The erroneous belief needs a degree of legitimity in order to qualify the good faith and give rise to juridical protection. Where the erroneous belief is lawful, the presumption of good faith is consolidated and can spread all its juridical effects. The good faith has, therefore, a power of creation of rights. This power involves a breach of the law and of certain principles of the civil law. The good faith is also the basis of somme legal rules. However, the normative power of the good faith is not absolute ; it’s limited by the hold of some legal rules which sacrify the good faith in order to protect superior interests
Parmentier, Eva. "De l'engagement comportemental à l'internalisation des comportements dans le domaine des activités physiques et sportives : la procédure de pied-dans-la-porte au service de la persistance des changements cognitifs et comportementaux." Paris 11, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA113011.
Full textBased on commitment theory, this thesis aims at obtaining durable foot-in-the-door paradigm effects (i. E. , attitudes, intentions and behaviors changes). Therefore factors that can increase the degree of commitment (i. E. , freedom context, number of choices, number of acts) were used on the small request of the compliance technique. Four studies including a validation of questionnaire [Study 2] and five experiments were carried out in order to bring out indicators of internalization (e. G. , attitude change, generalization effect, internal causal explanations, self-determined motivation). Results show (1) a positive effect of commitment on attitude change and (2) that participants choose more internal causal explanations to justify their behaviors. In short these studies support relationships between subjects’ commitment degree and their self-determined motivation score. Theoretical and applied perspectives are provided to extend and develop conclusions of this research
Gassiat, Elisabeth. "Déconvolution aveugle." Paris 11, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA112005.
Full textConsidering a signal X which is a process of random variables identically independently distributed, and the signal Y obtained by filtering X through a linear system s, we study the estimation of s from the observation of y in the following semi-parametric situation the law of X is unknown and non Gaussian, and s has an inverse of convolution with finite length. We need no assumption on the phase of the system, i. E. On the causality or non causality of s. We propose an estimation by maximum objective. The estimates are consistent and asymptotically Gaussian this result is still available what-ever the dimension of the index space of the series is. We study the asymptotic efficiency of the estimate and, in the causal case, we compare it to the usual minimum square estimates. The output y being an autoregressive field, we propose a consis- tent method of identification of the order of the model. We study different types of robustness robustness to underparametrization, robustness to additive noise on the observations. We also inves tigate the case where the law of X has infinite moments, and we show that, for "standardized cumulants" as objectives, and under assumptions which are in particular verified for laws in the attraction demains of stable laws, the obtained estimates are still consistent, and the speed of convergence is, in the causal case, better than for laws with finite variance
Attindéhou, Olivier-Charles Bernardin. "Penser l'instabilité socio-politique en Afrique subsaharienne. Examen des causes et revendication heuristique : la stabilité par le chaos. Les cas illustratifs de la Côte d'Ivoire et du Rwanda." Thesis, Lyon, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LYSE3053.
Full textSubsaharan Africa presents itself, involuntarily, like an area in the grip of a succession of crises, conflicts, civil wars. These negative externalities of sociopolitical instability are apprehended, often, by the means of the causal ritual. That's why, the terms "ethnic group", "identity" - when it isn't question of underdevelopment, or the injection of democratic deficit - near the commentators, in a cursory mention, are convened to explain the perceived disorder. Thus, the events of 1994 in Rwanda are brought back to a "ethnic" conflict Hutu/Tutsi; negleging consequently the acuity of the complexity of reality or failing this, that of the convergence of variables. And yet, while going down in this cognitive depth, any observer would note that sociopolitical instability in subsaharan Africa remains a construction in time and space, optimized by the unrepentant desire of power of the political actors. The historical structures, far from being true determinants, take part in the social construction of reality carrying ideas, rules, and practices representational which set up the necessary grammar of the social upheaval. Our present work, not only comes to examine the usually advanced causes, but is also opposed to the culturalist arguments mobilized for the explanation or the comprehension of sociopolitical instability in subsaharan Africa. This is why, we retain that the scientific accuracy related with the comprehension of sociopolitical mechanisitc movement in subsaharan Africa is function of the mode of knowledge of perceived reality. Consequently, we estimate that sociopolitical instability in subsaharan Africa, is an evolutionary dynamic process which, notwhithstanding, the strutural disorder, strives for a relative stationnarity, then absolute before the advent of stability
Lhomme, Serge. "Les réseaux techniques comme vecteur de propagation des risques en milieu urbain - Une contribution théorique et pratique à l'analyse de la résilience urbaine." Phd thesis, Université Paris-Diderot - Paris VII, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00772204.
Full textBlindu, Igor. "Outil d'aide au diagnostic du réseau d'eau potable pour la ville de Chisinau par analyse spatiale et temporelle des dysfonctionnements hydrauliques." Phd thesis, Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Saint-Etienne, 2004. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00779032.
Full textSánchez, Garzón Felipe. "Supporting the transformation of a company's project management by elaborating an invariant-based project management maturity model and a causal predictive model between maturity criteria and project performance." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lorraine, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LORR0245.
Full textThis thesis, performed in collaboration with the company SOPRA STERIA, proposes the architecture of a system for predicting the performance of a project. To develop such an architecture, we defined what project management maturity is in a rigorous and abstract way. Then we develop a methodology to create models that explain the causal relationship between project management maturity and the operational performance of projects, specifically the predicting cost overrun risks in engineering projects. Our work has the following contributions: - Proposal of a maturity model for project management evaluation more abstract and concise than the existing ones - Application of the proposed model to projects in the specific industrial environment (agile project management). We used that model to develop a methodology to move from classical project management to agile project management. - Choice of a causal modeling technique, in the field of Artificial Intelligence, adapted to the world of project management. - Proposal of a methodology to clarify the link between project management maturity and cost overrun risks in engineering projects. Our proposals were validated on the expertise of consultants and data from large engineering projects. Nevertheless, our methodology and models are general enough to go beyond the strict framework of these sectors
Clémencon, Éric. "La référence dans le langage des sciences de la nature." Thesis, Aix-Marseille 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011AIX10117/document.
Full textWe try to answer the question: How do sciences refer to entities that are deemed "real", extralinguistic? The problem is two-fold: (i) What linguistic tools do sciences use in order to establish and ensure the relation of reference? (ii) What kinds of entities (individuals, classes ans classes of classes) do sciences refer to? Our enquiry takes the form of a linguistic analysis of the language of the natural sciences.The first step consists of a study of the structure of classifications. Actually, the scientific lexicons of entities have a distinctive feature: they are involved in formal systems, that is say, in nomenclatures. We purport to establish that Russell's theory of types provides a sound account of such systems. The 2nd and 3rd parts examine those standarized and codified vocabularies found in sciences. We first relate the origin of biological and chemical nomenclatures from Linnaeus to Lavoisier. We then present the nomenclatural and taxonomic debates conducted in the 2nd half of 20th century in systematic biology. This presentation focuses on the "nomenclatural type" or "name-bearer" as the major methodological tool by which biology fixes the reference of species's names. We conclude by comparing the nomenclatural type with the "stereotype" elaboratd by Putnam in the context of the causal theory of reference, and we try to determinate if and to what extend this theory can be useful in order to throw light on reference in the language of the natural sciences
Blanchon, Clothilde. "Recherche sur la subvention : contribution à l'étude du don en droit public." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017AIXM0446.
Full textThe issue of the legal definition of grant has long been blotted out and constrained. Nowadays, in a context of confusion between this notion with the closely related notion of public procurement, it is more than necessary to tackle it. A single distinctive feature seems efficient to isolate itself from this nearby type: its very nature of public gift or, to employ the French “civil law” terminology, its quality of “gratuitous act”. The research for the two elements used in French private law to identify such an act proves to be conclusive. Furthermore, it reveals the specificity of this item in public law. Animus donandi can originally be combined with general interest, and this raises grant as a real gift with charges of public law. Public gift, as specific as it is, fashions the rules applied to grants. It provides this notion with a genuine legal status, which turns out to be consistent and intelligible. The funding mechanism is ruled by the concept of general interest, and its implementation is governed by its conditional quality. Grants proves to be a public gift, and it is ruled as such. This conclusion couldn’t have been reached without meeting with the heuristic value of the concept of public gift
Besson, Virgile. "L’interprétation causale de la mécanique quantique : biographie d’un programme de recherche minoritaire (1951–1964)." Thesis, Lyon, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LYSE1014/document.
Full textThe Causal Interpretation of Quantum Mechanics was in the first place described by historians as a consequence of the growing influence of Marxism among physicists in Western countries. Indeed, during the 1950s, the core of the group of physicists involved in the Causal program around Jean-Pierre Vigier and Louis de Broglie at the Institut Henri Poincaré was mainly constituted either of members or sympathizers of the PCF. Their works were strongly influenced by critics from Soviet Union against the mainstream interpretation of Quantum Mechanics, the so called Copenhagen interpretation. Vigier criticized the pragmatism which prevailed in the Postwar physics and thought that the lack of philosophical considerations was in great part responsible for the crisis in fundamental physics, such as the problem of renormalization. They also put the issue of the interpretation of the theory inside the PCF and created a controversy inside the party which raised the relationship between Marxism and science. The theory was also part of a more global research program linked with contemporary questions in physics. This point is often forgotten which leads to the erroneous conclusion that the motivation of the IHP group was only ideological and, therefore, their activity was out of science. As early as 1957, in collaboration with Japanese physicists, the group proposed a theory for elementary particles and a method of their classification, in a period in where a standard theory was still missing
Cardone, Martina. "Techniques de coopération appliquées aux futurs réseaux cellulaires." Thesis, Paris, ENST, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015ENST0020/document.
Full textA uniform mobile user quality of service and a distributed use of the spectrum represent the key-ingredients for next generation cellular networks. Toward this end, physical layer cooperation among the network infrastructure and the wireless nodes has emerged as a potential technique. Cooperation leverages the broadcast nature of the wireless medium, that is, the same transmission can be heard by multiple nodes, thus opening up the possibility that nodes help one another to convey the messages to their intended destination. Cooperation also promises to offer novel and smart ways to manage interference, instead of just simply disregarding it and treating it as noise. Understanding how to properly design such cooperative wireless systems so that the available resources are fully utilized is of fundamental importance.The objective of this thesis is to conduct an information theoretic study on practically relevant wireless systems where the network infrastructure nodes cooperate among themselves in an attempt to enhance the network performance in many critical aspects, such as throughput, robustness and coverage. Wireless systems with half-duplex relay stations as well as scenarios where a base station overhears another base station and consequently helps serving this other base station's associated mobile users, represent the wireless cooperative networks under investigation in this thesis. The prior focus is to make progress towards characterizing the capacity of such wireless systems by means of derivation of novel outer bounds and design of new provably optimal transmission strategies
Cottigny, Maxime. "Responsabilité civile et procédures collectives." Thesis, Lille 2, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LIL20013/document.
Full textCivil liability and collective procedures, are terms in the effects a priori irreconcilable. Nevertheless, the legal politics of the collective procedure uses, so as to coherent and opportunist time, the civil liability, which is then put in the service of its purposes and of his regime and the use of which shows itself fluctuating and opportunist. The profit ? The mutation of the civil liability. Indeed, on one hand the legal efficiency of the law of the collective procedures makes its function evolve. Established on a balance of the interests, itprotects her. On the other hand, it develops the regime of the civil liability, that is his conditions of bottom or shape. But why to confine the protection of the interest in the collective procedure? Cannot we see in this function, the direction of the evolution of the civil liability in business law?
Decaix, Véronique. "Le mode d'être des objets intentionnels : une étude du rôle constituant de l'intellect chez Thierry de Freiberg." Thesis, Tours, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013TOUR2028/document.
Full textThis thesis deals with Dietrich of Freiberg’s doctrine of categories, ontology and theory of knowledge, as present in the treatise De origine rerum praedicamentalium. The primary aim is to examine the constitutive function the intellect exercises on the categories and being as being. The first part of this thesis replaces the treatise in the historical background of the late 13th century debates from the University of Paris regarding the nature of categories and the manner of organizing the real genera of being. It compares Dietrich’s deduction of the categories with the systematization of some of his predecessors such as Albert the Great, Thomas Aquinas and Henry of Ghent. The second part of the thesis deals with the objects caused by the intellect: the One as principle of number and division, relation and time. The last part investigates the manner in which the intellect exercises its constitutive power on being and demonstrates in the final analysis that the subject of metaphysics, the quiditative being of things, is placed at the intersection of logic and reality
Bassene, Aladji. "Contribution à la modélisation spatiale des événements extrêmes." Thesis, Lille 3, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LIL30039/document.
Full textIn this thesis, we investigate nonparametric modeling of spatial extremes. Our resultsare based on the main result of the theory of extreme values, thereby encompass Paretolaws. This framework allows today to extend the study of extreme events in the spatialcase provided if the asymptotic properties of the proposed estimators satisfy the standardconditions of the Extreme Value Theory (EVT) in addition to the local conditions on thedata structure themselves. In the literature, there exists a vast panorama of extreme events models, which are adapted to the structures of the data of interest. However, in the case ofextreme spatial data, except max-stables models, little or almost no models are interestedin non-parametric estimation of the tail index and/or extreme quantiles. Therefore, weextend existing works on estimating the tail index and quantile under independent ortime-dependent data. The specificity of the methods studied resides in the fact that theasymptotic results of the proposed estimators take into account the spatial dependence structure of the relevant data, which is far from trivial. This thesis is then written in thecontext of spatial statistics of extremes. She makes three main contributions.• In the first contribution of this thesis, we propose a new approach of the estimatorof the tail index of a heavy-tailed distribution within the framework of spatial data. This approach relies on the estimator of Hill (1975). The asymptotic properties of the estimator introduced are established when the spatial process is adequately approximated by aspatial M−dependent process, spatial linear causal process or when the process satisfies a strong mixing condition.• In practice, it is often useful to link the variable of interest Y with covariate X. Inthis situation, the tail index depends on the observed value x of the covariate X and theunknown fonction (.) will be called conditional tail index. In most applications, the tailindexof an extreme value is not the main attraction, but it is used to estimate for instance extreme quantiles. The contribution of this chapter is to adapt the estimator of the tail index introduced in the first part in the conditional framework and use it to propose an estimator of conditional extreme quantiles. We examine the models called "fixed design"which corresponds to the situation where the explanatory variable is deterministic. To tackle the covariate, since it is deterministic, we use the window moving approach. Westudy the asymptotic behavior of the estimators proposed and some numerical resultsusing simulated data with the software "R".• In the third part of this thesis, we extend the work of the second part of the framemodels called "random design" for which the data are spatial observations of a pair (Y,X) of real random variables . In this last model, we propose an estimator of heavy tail-indexusing the kernel method to tackle the covariate. We use an estimator of the conditional tail index belonging to the family of the estimators introduced by Goegebeur et al. (2014b)
Azab, Lamiss. "Le traducteur en tant que médiateur culturel - L'exemple de Rifâ'a Al-Tahtâwî (1801-1873)." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015USPCA007.
Full textThough mediation and cultural mediation seem to be enrooted in Translation Studies especially since the Cultural Turn, a specialized definition of these notions is still missing. Based on their definitions in other different domains – especially cultural communication – and on a causal theory of translation, we present a three-fold thesis on the translator as a cultural mediator and on his deliberate interventions. The three axes we develop here are based on identity, textual and functionalist approaches. First, we analyze the specificity of the identity of the translator seen as a construction that is not only marked by the linguistic formation and the sociocultural norms of his original community, but also by the actor’s empathy towards the Other and his system of norms. In this first fold, translation strategies are studied as mirrors of identity strategies the translator follows in order to keep the coherence and the valorization of his identity construction. Then, the texts and types of texts are considered as cultural creations that the translator re-presents to his community through making cultural differences understandable on the formal, lexical and discourse levels. To do so, he uses different writing norms from the most conforming to the most differentiating one. In this second fold, the translator’s preface is seen as a privileged place for a direct mediation, in which he already informs his reader about the translation he’s about to read and recommends the reading. Finally, we study two translation functions through which the translator acts on the cultural identity of his community based on his re-presentation of the text: the intellectual formation of the reader and the de-construction/ re-construction of his identity. By the means of a simple text or of an educational institution, the translator’s first aim is to inform the reader, and through this information, he acts on the re-definition of essential foundations of his identity construction
Carlier, Peggy. "L'UTILISATION DE LA LEX FORI DANS LA RÉSOLUTION DES CONFLITS DE LOIS." Phd thesis, Université du Droit et de la Santé - Lille II, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00287077.
Full textPrenant acte de ce constat, qu'il fonde sur des considérations sociologiques (ethnocentrisme) et pragmatiques (bonne administration de la justice), l'auteur entend réhabiliter la loi du for. Sans aller jusqu'à un legeforismo, dont la traduction pratique serait l'application systématique de la lex fori, un équilibre réaliste est proposé à partir d'un rapprochement des critères de rattachement et des chefs de compétence. Le vade-mecum de ce rapprochement offre alors les clés de la complémentarité qui doit exister entre la lex fori et la loi étrangère.
Alkanatri, Ahmad. "La rationalité des révolutions arabes." Mémoire, 2012. http://www.archipel.uqam.ca/5134/1/M12615.pdf.
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