Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Théorie de moyenne portée'
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Cheffi, Walid. "Étude de l’utilisation des systèmes comptables par les managers de grandes entreprises : Contribution à la génération d’une théorie de moyenne portée." Paris 9, 2007. https://portail.bu.dauphine.fr/fileviewer/index.php?doc=2007PA090002.
Full textThe non satisfaction stemming from classical perspectives on the use of accounting by managers is bound to (1) that they suffer from a lack of alignment onto the specificities of managerial work and to (2) that they seldom take into account the cognitive dimension of actors’ mental representations. That dissertation, in adopting a cognitive perspective, reports on a research about the roles of the accounting drivers in accordance with the manager’s expectations. Based simultaneously upon interviews with managers in several organisations (1st stage) and upon a case study of a large organisation (2nd stage), the research offers an analytical framework of the perception and the use of the accounting drivers. The literature review supplemented with the empirical study allows the construction of an integrative analysis grill of the roles devoted to accounting: information, decision making, relational and cognitive. Modes of rationality help reveal those meta-roles. These modes are substantial, procedural, partnerial and cognitive. Afterwards, cognitive issues were identified, that contribute to a better understanding of the behaviour of managers. Moreover light was shed on a large cognitive gap in between the manager and the accountant. Lastly, a taxonomy of managerial styles in the use of accounting drivers could stem from both empirical stages. Three ideal-types were stressed: a weak style (the detractor), a middle-range style (the opponent) and a strong style (the adept)
Barré, Julien. "Mécanique statistique et dynamique hors équilibre de systèmes avec interactions à longue portée." Lyon, École normale supérieure (sciences), 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003ENSL0253.
Full textIn the presence of long range interactions, physics is very peculiar : energy is no more additive, phase separation in the usual sense is impossible, dynamics is necessarily coherent on a global scale. . . These peculiarities are independent of the origin of the long range interaction involved, which may be of many different types : gravitational, interaction between vortices in 2D turbulence, unshielded Coulombic interaction, wave-particles couplings for instance. The goal of this thesis is to explore precisely the universality of behaviours in these long range interaction systems; we start from the analysis of toy models, aiming at general results and methods. In a first part, we study equilibrium statistical mechanics which, as is known, may be anomalous and show for instance negative specific heat, or inequivalence between statistical ensembles. We show these anomalies around a tricritical point on an exactly solvable mean field spin model. We then use a general method, based on large deviation theory, to solve the statistical mechanics of long range interaction systems, and we apply it to a number of examples, whose microcanonical solution was till now inaccessible. From these results, and using singularity theory, we are able to classify all the possible inequivalence of ensembles situations. In a second part, we study the out of equilibrium dynamics of long range interacting systems : we explain in details an example of structure formation, and then we present and illustrate a general scenario for slow relaxation to equilibrium, based on the tight link with Vlasov equation. Finally, we apply the previous ideas and methods to a model of free electron laser on a linear accelerator, which yields an original approach, complementary to the usual purely dynamical one for this type of lasers
Lapouge, Aurélien. "Que produisent les crises ? Le cas des itinéraires professionnels d'animateurs socioculturels toulousains." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Toulouse (2023-....), 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024TLSEJ087.
Full textThe aim of my work is to study in depth the professional career of socio-cultural animators. My thesis leads to questioning the dynamics of actors and organizations. It positions “crises” (Abbott, 2009 ; Morin, 1976 ; Pain, 2011) as the place and moment where things are in motion. The investigation is carried out in the Toulouse region. This territory is colored by numerous upheavals affecting an ancient and global history, by conflicts which crossed French society throughout the 20th century. It is also marked by more recent and local configurations. Since the 2000s, against a backdrop of competition and the race for technicality, organizations in the sector have been regularly remodeled. My approach, described as ecological, is inspired by the sociology of the Chicago school (Abbott, 1988 ; Becker et al., 2016 ; Hughes, 1958 ; Thomas, 1928, 1938). It is qualitative, inductive and with a comprehensive aim. It mobilizes eclectic works in an approach based on “Grounded theory” (Glaser & Strauss, 1967), ethnography (Bordes, 2015 ; Delas & Milly, 2015 ; Olivier De Sardan & Mouchenik, 2018 ; Olivier de Sardan, 1995), or sociological currents linked to the autobiographical approach (Bertaux, 1976 ; Demazière, 2007 ; Demazière&Dubar, 2005). The data collection was carried out between 2018 and 2024. It consisted of documenting the paths and trajectories of 12 individuals. Through autobiographical interviews, distanced and floating observation, the data takes the form of stories. The investigation leads to a medium-range theory of the crisis movement
Gendron, Bernard. "Ponts composites bois-béton collaborant en portée simple : théorie, essais et conception." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/26803.
Full textPaquier, Julien. "Théorie de la fonctionnelle de la densité relativiste à séparation de portée." Thesis, Sorbonne université, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020SORUS059.
Full textThis PhD thesis constitutes a contribution to the relativistic extension of the range-separated density functional theory scheme, by combining a relativistic four-component wave function calculation for the long-range contribution with a complementary relativistic short-range exchange-correlation density functional based on the no-pair Dirac-Coulomb or Dirac-Coulomb-Breit Hamiltonian. We have studied properties of the relativistic homogeneous electron gas in the no-pair approximation to develop relativistic short-range exchange-correlation density functionals at the local density approximation (LDA) level. We have implemented a four-component range-separated density functional code as a plugin in the software QUANTUM PACKAGE 2.0 to test these functionals. We have extended the relativistic short-range exchange density functional to the generalized-gradient approximation (GGA) level. Finally, we have pointed out the important role of the on-top exchange pair density in the correct evaluation of the exchange energy at very short-range
Birichinaga, Edurne. "Estimation spline de la moyenne d'une fonction aléatoire." Pau, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PAUU3021.
Full textFreitas, Paulo da Costa Bernardo. "Courbes de Brody : dimension moyenne et distribution des valeurs." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00724444.
Full textIribarne, Christophe d'. "Etude du phénomène de percolation à l'aide de l'arbre à portée minimale." Aix-Marseille 3, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997AIX30058.
Full textRoux, Philippe. "La matrice de diffusion pour l'opérateur de Schrödinger avec un potentiel électromagnétique à longue portée." Rennes 1, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001REN10101.
Full textRebolini, Elisa. "Théorie de la fonctionnelle de la densité à séparation de portée pour les énergies d'excitation moléculaires." Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2014. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01027522.
Full textHuang, Guan. "Une théorie de la moyenne pour les équations aux dérivées partielles non linéaires." Phd thesis, Ecole Polytechnique X, 2014. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-01002527.
Full textCherdieu, Jean-Pierre. "Analyse harmonique des suites en arithmétique : la méthode de la moyenne." Nice, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985NICE4026.
Full textToulouse, Julien. "Extension multidéterminantale de la méthode de Kohn-Sham en théorie de la fonctionnelle de la densité par décomposition de l'interaction électronique en contributions de longue portée et de courte portée." Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2005. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00550772.
Full textToulouse, Julien. "Extension multidéterminantale de la méthode de Kohn-Sham en théorie de la fonctionnelle de la densité par décomposition de l' interaction électronique en contributions de longue portée et de courte portée." Paris 6, 2005. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00550772.
Full textNicaud, Cyril. "Etude du comportement en moyenne des automates finis et des langages rationnels." Paris 7, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA077280.
Full textRoule, Mathieu. "Théorie cinétique des systèmes stellaires auto-gravitants." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024SORUS312.
Full textStellar systems, such as galaxies and globular clusters, are fascinating yet complex many-body systems in which stars are bound together by their collective gravitational field. The analytical study of these systems is particularly challenging because gravity is a long-range attractive force which tends to form inhomogeneous structures prone to impressive collective behaviours such as spiral arms and bars. In the last five decades, numerical simulations have provided invaluable insights in the formation and evolution of galaxies over cosmic times. As a complementary approach, developments in kinetic theory offer a theoretical framework to understand the statistical outcome of these non-linear evolution processes. The current state-of-the-art kinetic theory of isolated stellar systems is the inhomogeneous Balescu-Lenard equation. It describes the long-term evolution of a self-gravitating system under the effect of resonant interactions between noise-driven fluctuations while accounting for their collective dynamics. Such a formalism is particularly valuable because it captures perturbatively the non-linear reshuffling of orbits. This thesis addresses several key questions on the fate of isolated stellar systems: How do resonant interactions and collective effects influence their long-term evolution? Under what conditions do these effects enhance or dampen orbital diffusion? What are the limitations of current kinetic theories in predicting the evolution of self-gravitating systems? To tackle these questions, I consider side-by-side two different self-gravitating systems: a one-dimensional model mimicking the vertical motion of stars in a galactic disc and a razor-thin disc describing their in-plane motion. At the heart of this investigation is the role of the susceptibility of self-gravitating systems. Depending on their configuration, whether they are centrifugally (razor-thin) or pressure (one-dimensional) supported, I show that stellar systems exhibit different responses to perturbations. I analyse this susceptibility using the polarisation matrix formalism. This generic method allows me to probe the presence of growing modes in unstable discs as well as weakly damped modes in stable ones. I discuss the intrinsic difficulty of analysing the natural frequencies of stable stellar systems as well as the specific behaviours they exhibit such as algebraic Landau damping. Confronting theoretical predictions from the Balescu-Lenard equation to numerical simulations, I show that kinetic theory quantitatively captures the average long-term evolution of stellar systems. Collective effects play a very different role in the two studied systems. On the one hand, they stiffen the one-dimensional system against perturbations, leading to a slower diffusion rate. This geometry also suffers from a quasi-kinetic blocking: orbital reshuffling is delayed because dominant resonances do not efficiently transfer energy between different regions. Studying even more contrived configurations for which two-body encounters predict exactly no evolution, I provide an upper limit for the typical relaxation time. Thanks to collective effects, three-body interactions can always drive a relaxation. On the other hand, weakly damped modes (swing) amplify the fluctuations in cold discs. It ultimately urges the system to evolve towards an unstable state. At phase transition, the pathway increasingly depends on the initial conditions, a feature that lies beyond the reach of current kinetic theory
Messio, Laura. "Etats fondamentaux et excitations de systèmes magnétiques frustrés, du classique au quantique." Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00523976.
Full textDemerdache, Julien Moukhtar El. "Effets de séquence sur les propriétés thermodynamiques de brins d'ADN : de la théorie à l'expérience." Lyon, École normale supérieure (sciences), 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008ENSL0488.
Full textDooze, David. "Conception et réalisation d'un stéréoscope bimodal à portée variable : application à la détection d'obstacles à l'avant de véhicules guidés automatisés." Lille 1, 2001. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/RESTREINT/Th_Num/2001/50376-2001-231.pdf.
Full textPaolantoni, Victoria. "Propriétés d'extension et estimations de sous-moyenne pour des fonctions de Cauchy-Riemann définies sur une hypersurface de Cn." Aix-Marseille 1, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996AIX11026.
Full textLeconte, Gauvain. "L'activité prédictives des sciences empirique : analyse d'un succès scientifique et de sa portée." Thesis, Paris 1, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA01H223/document.
Full textDeriving precise and surprising predictions is a key feature of scientific activity. The confirmation of these predictions by severe tests seems to represent major theoretical and practical successes in the field of empirical sciences. Therefore, many scientists and philosophers of science view predictive successes as having an important weight in scientific change, theory choice and for the identification of true claims about reality. However, predictions are often derived from simplified or idealised representations of real-world systems. The aim of this dissertation is to analyse the predictive activity of empirical sciences in order to circumscribe the scope of predictive success. First, I claim that predictive successes come in many forms and structures. In the second part, I investigate the impact of successful predictions in the history of modern cosmology since 1917 and argue that scientists value predictions attesting the predictive capacity of new hypotheses. In a third part, I examine the weight of successful predictions in the confirmation of hypotheses and claim that they serve as a proxy for one of the most important virtues of theories: fruitfulness. The last part is dedicated to the limits of scientific successes and shows that novel predictions cannot help us to circumscribe which posits of scientific theories are worthy of belief
Flores-Sola, Emilio José. "Les effets de taille finie au-dessus de la dimension critique supérieure." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LORR0337/document.
Full textIn this project finite-size size scaling above the upper critical dimension〖 d〗_c is investigated. Finite-size scaling there has long been poorly understood, especially its dependency on boundary conditions. The violation of the hyperscaling relation above d_c has also been one of the most visible issues. The breakdown in standard scaling is due to the dangerous irrelevant variables presented in the self-interacting term in the ϕ^4 theory, which were considered dangerous to the free energy density and associated thermodynamic functions, but not to the correlation sector. Recently, a modified finite-size scaling scheme has been proposed, which considers that the correlation length actually plays a pivotal role and is affected by dangerous variables too. This new scheme, named QFSS, considers that the correlation length, instead of having standard scaling behaviour ξ~L , scales as ξ~L^ϙ. This pseudocritical exponent is connected to the critical dimension and dangerous variables. Below d_c this exponent takes the value ϙ=1, but above the upper critical dimension it is ϙ=d/d_c. QFSS succeeded in reconciling the mean-field exponents and FSS derived from the renormalisation-group for the models with short-range interactions above d_c with periodic boundary conditions. If ϙ is an universal exponent, the validity of that theory should also hold for the free boundary conditions. Initial tests for such systems faced new problems. Whereas QFSS is valid at pseudocritical points where quantities such as the magnetic susceptibility experience a peak for finite systems, at critical points the standard FSS seemed to prevail, i.e., mean-field exponents with ξ~L. Here, we show that this last picture at critical point is not correct and instead the exponents that applied there actually arise from the Gaussian fixed-point FSS where the dangerous variables are suppressed. To achieve this aim, we study Ising models with long-range interaction, which can be tuned above〖 d〗_c, with periodic and free boundary conditions. We also include a study of the Fourier modes which can be used as an example of scaling quantities without dangerous variables
Olivetti, Alain. "Effets collectifs et particules en interaction : Des systèmes à longue portée aux atomes froids." Phd thesis, Université de Nice Sophia-Antipolis, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00682012.
Full textDeur, Killian. "Etats excités en théorie de la fonctionnelle de la densité pour les ensembles : du modèle de Hubbard à l’hamiltonien exact avec séparation de portée." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018STRAF021/document.
Full textThis thesis manuscript can be divided in two parts. In the first one, we are interested in a multiconfigurational extension for the density functional theory (DFT) including a range separation to deal with a hybrid theory between DFT and state-averaged wave function theory. In this case, we recover, at the same time, the dynamical correlation and the static correlation. Moreover, this study is performed considering the ensemble DFT to use an alternative to the usual method (time-dependent DFT) to describe the excited states of a molecule, avoiding some theoretical problems known with this approach. Particularly, conical intersections between excited states are interesting because a multiconfigurational approach is necessary. In the second part, new functionals development are performed and applied on the non-symmetric Hubbard dimer in order to test new approximations and to study more in detail self-consistency processes. In addition, non-adiabatic couplings are calculated using energies from ensemble DFT framework without time-dependence
Andre, Eric. "Trois essais sur la généralisation des préférences moyenne-variance à l'ambiguïté." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014AIXM2019/document.
Full textThis dissertation proposes a generalisation of the mean-variance preferences to ambiguity, that is contexts in which the investor can not, or does not wish to, describe the behaviour of the risky assets with a single probabilistic model. Hence it belongs to the field of research that seeks to apply models of decision under ambiguity to the mathematical theory of finance, and whose aim is to improve the descriptive capacities of this theory of finance through the generalisation of one of its central hypothesis: expected utility.The models that are studied here are those which represent the decision maker's beliefs by a set of priors: we aim to show, on the one hand, under which conditions these models can be applied to the financial theory, and, on the other hand, what they bring to it. Therefore, following a general introduction which proposes a survey of the advances of this field of research, a first essay studies the conditions of compatibility between these models with a set of priors and the mean-variance preferences, a second essay analyses the possibilities given by the Vector Expected Utility model to generalise these preferences to ambiguity and, finally, a third essay develops one of these threads to construct a generalised mean-variance criterion and to study the effects of ambiguity aversion on the optimal composition of a portfolio of risky assets. The results that are obtained allow notably to conclude that aversion to ambiguity is indeed a possible explanation of the home-bias puzzle
Ayadim, Abderrahime. "Structure et thermodynamique des suspensions colloïdales en phase volumique et confinée par la théorie des mélanges binaires." Paris 12, 2005. https://athena.u-pec.fr/primo-explore/search?query=any,exact,990002513970204611&vid=upec.
Full textThe Ornstein-Zernike integral equations are used to study the structure and the thermodynamics of colloidal suspensions modelled as a highly asymmetric solute-solvent mixture. We propose a new closure to remedy the non-convergence problem of the RHNC closure. After having tested it on the radial distribution functions, we determine the fluid-fluid coexistence line of asymmetric binary hard spheres with diameter ration R=10. We thus confirm from the phase diagram the validity of the effective one-component approach. Then, we examine these sytems in inhomogeneous phase (colloids near a wall or in a slit pore) and include attractions between the various components. The RHNC closure is tested then at the level of the structure and the potential of mean force. The method is finally used to study solvation effects of confined colloids
Nzeukou, Takougang Armand Cyrille. "Variabilité spatiale à moyenne échelle des conditions de propagation des micro-ondes dans les précipitations." Toulouse 3, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002TOU30011.
Full textGnandou, Ide. "La théorie des anticipations rationnelles et la nouvelle macroéconomie classique : portée, sens et signification pour l'analyse économique avec une étude de comportements économiques au Niger." Paris 9, 1989. https://portail.bu.dauphine.fr/fileviewer/index.php?doc=1989PA090018.
Full textFernandez, Charles. "Modélisation et validation expérimentale des complexes insonorisants pour la prévision vibroacoustique numérique basse et moyenne fréquences des automobiles." Phd thesis, Université Paris-Est, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00470535.
Full textDupuy, Eric. "Etude du monoxyde de carbone dans l'atmosphère moyenne à partir des observations sub-millimétriques de l'instrument Odin/SMR." Bordeaux 1, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005BOR12959.
Full textGerber, Iann. "Description des forces de van der Waals dans le cadre de la théorie de la fonctionnelle de la densité par un traitement explicite des interactions de longueportée." Phd thesis, Université Henri Poincaré - Nancy I, 2005. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00011397.
Full textCharpenel, Philippe. "Effets d'irradiations aux électrons de basse et moyenne énergie sur des isolants MOS issus de différentes technologies." Montpellier 2, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992MON20240.
Full textEl, Korso Mohammed Nabil, and Korso Mohammed Nabil El. "Analyse de performances en traitement d'antenne. : bornes inférieures de l'erreur quadratique moyenne et seuil de résolution limite." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00625681.
Full textTeillet-Billy, Dominique. "Attachement dissociatif sur des molécules polaires et très polaires." Paris 11, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985PA112174.
Full textAn experimental and theoretical investigation of dissociative electron attachment (DA) on polar molecules (hydrogen fluoride and chloride, sodium halides) in the low energy range (E
El, Korso Mohammed Nabil. "Analyse de performances en traitement d'antenne : bornes inférieures de l'erreur quadratique moyenne et seuil de résolution limite." Thesis, Paris 11, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA112074/document.
Full textThis manuscript concerns the performance analysis in array signal processing. It can bedivided into two parts :- First, we present the study of some lower bounds on the mean square error related to the source localization in the near eld context. Using the Cramér-Rao bound, we investigate the mean square error of the maximum likelihood estimator w.r.t. the direction of arrivals in the so-called asymptotic area (i.e., for a high signal to noise ratio with a nite number of observations.) Then, using other bounds than the Cramér-Rao bound, we predict the threshold phenomena.- Secondly, we focus on the concept of the statistical resolution limit (i.e., the minimum distance between two closely spaced signals embedded in an additive noise that allows a correct resolvability/parameter estimation.) We de ne and derive the statistical resolution limit using the Cramér-Rao bound and the hypothesis test approaches for the mono-dimensional case. Then, we extend this concept to the multidimensional case. Finally, a generalized likelihood ratio test based framework for the multidimensional statistical resolution limit is given to assess the validity of the proposed extension
Gerber, Iann. "Description des forces de van der Waals dans le cadre de la théorie de la fonctionnelle de la densité par un traitement explicite des interactions de longue portée." Nancy 1, 2005. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/SCD_T_2005_0129_GERBER.pdf.
Full textThe separation of electron-electron interactions to a short- and long-range components within the density functional theory has been recently promoted by the combination of a pure density functional description in the short-range part with a wave-function approach in the long-range contribution. Based on this idea, a novel kind of hybrid functional is developped which combines an explicit long-range exchange term with an appropriate short-range exchange-correlation functional. By adding explicit MP2-like long-range electron correlation corrections, one obtains an alternative solution, to take into account the van der Waals forces in the framework of the density functional theory, fully applicable in the context of molecular calculations as well as in periodic boundary conditions
Wassaf, Joseph. "Théorie de l'ionisation des atomes en champ laser intense : étude des structures observées aux hautes énergies." Paris 6, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA066373.
Full textFavaron, Odile. "Stabilité, domination, irredondance et autres paramètres de graphes." Paris 11, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986PA112175.
Full textThe thirst part of this thesis deals with some parameters of simple finite graphs. We study inequalities relating classical or generalized parameters of stability, domination and irredondance, and the order or the minimum degree. Some cases of equality are considered. We present a characterization of n/2 quasiregularizable graphs, n/2-B graphs and n/2 well covered graphs and discuss their structure. Finally, some properties of the factor-critical graphs and a generalization of this notion are studied. The second part consists of articles about decomposition of graphs, mean distance, Hamiltonian circuits and graceful graphs
Fouvry, Jean-Baptiste. "Secular evolution of self-gravitating systems over cosmic age." Thesis, Paris 6, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA066356/document.
Full textUnderstanding the long-term evolution of self-gravitating astrophysical systems, such as for example stellar discs, is now a subject of renewed interest, motivated by the combination of two factors. On the one hand, we now have at our disposal the well established Lambda-CDM model to describe the formation of structures and their interactions with the circum-galactic environment. On the other hand, recent theoretical works now provide a precise description of the amplification of external disturbances and discreteness noise, as well as their effects on a system’s orbital structure over cosmic time. These two complementary developments now allow us to address the pressing question of the respective roles of nature vs. nurture in the establishment of the observed properties of self-gravitating systems. The purpose of the present thesis is to describe such secular dynamics in contexts where self-gravity is deemed important. Two frameworks of diffusion, either external or internal, will be presented in detail, and applied to various astrophysical systems. This thesis will first investigate the secular evolution of discrete razor-thin stellar discs and recover the formation of narrow ridges of resonant orbits in agreement with observations and numerical simulations, thanks to the first implementation of the Balescu-Lenard equation. The spontaneous thickening of stellar discs as a result of Poisson shot noise will also be investigated. Finally, we will illustrate how the same formalisms allow us to describe the dynamics of stars orbiting a central super massive black hole in galactic centres
Sulzer, David. "Modélisation des interactions faibles en théorie de la fonctionnelle de la densité." Phd thesis, Université de Strasbourg, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00945896.
Full textHanaf, Anas. "Algorithmes distribués de consensus de moyenne et leurs applications dans la détection des trous de couverture dans un réseau de capteurs." Thesis, Reims, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016REIMS018/document.
Full textDistributed consensus algorithms are iterative algorithms of low complexity where neighboring sensors interact with each other to reach an agreement without coordinating unit. As the nodes in a wireless sensor network have limited computing power and limited battery, these distributed algorithms must reach a consensus in a short time and with little message exchange. The first part of this thesis is based on the study and comparison of different consensus algorithms synchronously and asynchronously in terms of convergence speed and communication rates. The second part of our work concerns the application of these consensus algorithms to the problem of detecting coverage holes in wireless sensor networks.This coverage problem also provides the context for the continuation of our work. This problem is described as how a region of interest is monitored by sensors. Different geometrical approaches have been proposed but are limited by the need to know exactly the position of the sensors; but this information may not be available if the locating devices such as GPS are not on the sensors. From the mathematical tool called algebraic topology, we have developed a distributed algorithm of coverage hole detection searching a harmonic function of a network, that is to say canceling the operator of the 1-dimensional Laplacian. This harmonic function is connected to the homology group H1 which identifies the coverage holes. Once a harmonic function obtained, detection of the holes is realized by a simple random walk in the network
Criticou, Doukissa. "Estimateurs à rétrécisseurs (cas de distributions normales) : une classe d'estimateurs bayesiens." Rouen, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986ROUES050.
Full textGhannoum, Abir. "EDSs réfléchies en moyenne avec sauts et EDSs rétrogrades de type McKean-Vlasov : étude théorique et numérique." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019GREAM068.
Full textThis thesis is devoted to the theoretical and numerical study of two main subjects in the context of stochastic differential equations (SDEs): mean reflected SDEs with jumps and McKean-Vlasov backward SDEs.The first part of my thesis establishes the propagation of chaos for the mean reflected SDEs with jumps. First, we study the existence and uniqueness of a solution. Then, we develop a numerical scheme based on the particle system. Finally, we obtain the rate of convergence of this scheme.The second part of my thesis studies the McKean-Vlasov backward SDEs. In this case, we prove the existence and uniqueness of a solution for such equations. Then, thanks to the Wiener chaos expansion, we provide a numerical approximation. Moreover, the convergence rate of this approximation is also determined.The third part of my thesis proposes another type of simulation for the McKean-Vlasov backward SDEs. Due to the approximation of Brownian motion by a scaled random walk, we develop a numerical scheme and we get its convergence rate.In addition, a few numerical examples in these three parts are given to illustrate the efficiency of our schemes and their convergence rates stated by the theoretical results
Geindre, Hugo. "Outils théoriques pour la simulation de la spectroscopie vibrationnelle et de la réactivité des hydrocarbures aromatiques polycycliques dans le milieu interstellaire : analyse critique et nouvelles approches." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lille (2018-2021), 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020LILUR018.
Full textPolycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH), a family of molecule consisting of fused carbon cycles are suspected for many years to be responsible for the unidentified infrared bands (UIB) which are some emission features detected in many regions of the interstellar medium. It is now generally accepted that PAHs are ubiquitous in the interstellar medium and a key factor in a lot of events in these regions, from the birth of stars to molecular hydrogen formation. However, no PAH has never been formally identified in the interstellar medium. To address the bands allocation problem in the infrared spectra, scientists need, among others, precise theoretical data on different PAHs (linear, bent, etc.) in different charge,hydrogenation state or, even, environment (adsorption on interstellar dust, occurrence of ice. . . ). In this regard, one can also view the PAH as a molecular probe for the interstellar medium. The goal of this thesis is to perform an in-depth analysis of the most common theoretical tools as well as provide new methodologies and technical developments in order to improve current theoretical descriptions and unlock technical limitations with the aim to serve as a guide for future studies. At first, we looked at the problem of the intensity overestimation in the CH-stretching region of the PAH infrared spectra, which is especially difficult to reproduce. In order to understand the foundations of this anomalous description, we have systematically sampled the different families of DFT functionals as well as the electronic basis set to study the model PAH, naphthalene and some chemically close molecules. We have demonstrated that the long-range correction strongly impact these calculations (harmonic and anharmonic cases), especially in our region of interest, the CH-stretching. Our study highlights some numerical errors due to the presence of diffuse functions in the electronic basis set. Finally, we propose a methodological approach to minimise all these errors. Secondly, we report the first application of a new algorithm, van der Waals Transition State Search Using Chemical Dynamics Simulation (vdW-TSSCDS), in the field of PAH reactivity in ISM, more specifically the hydrogenation of our model PAH, naphthalene. PAH hydrogenation is a key mechanism, especially for molecular hydrogen formation in the ISM, which is critical for astrophysical models. vdW-TSSCDS method provides, in a totally automated fashion, all the stationary points for the potential energy surface of a molecular or intermolecular system which may contain covalent and van der Waals bonds, taking into account the three approximations : rigid monomer, semi-rigid and fully flexible. We have demonstrated the feasibility and efficiency of this methodology in the context of the first hydrogenation of naphthalene by obtaining the whole reaction network, i.e. all the transition states, minimas and lowest energy paths between them. With our results, we were able to find all the previously undescribed TS as well as low-energy species of the indene type. Furthermore, we report some preliminary results on second hydrogenation and establish some clear lines for the progress of this type of research by using this methodology allowing going beyond chemical intuition
Ryazanova, Oleksiv Marta. "Approche statistique pour l'optimisation des stratégies d'analyses techniques basées sur des seuils." Phd thesis, École Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Paris, 2008. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00005145.
Full textPuma, André-Charles. "Les deux corps du juge et le syndrome du dispositif : étude sur les causes de l'incomplétude normative, sa portée juridictionnelle et ses autres conséquences en droit continental français contemporain." Thesis, Paris 2, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PA020047.
Full textThe two bodies of the judge and the syndrome of the device: study on the causes of the normative incompleteness, legal scope and its other consequences in contemporary French continental law.The rule of law can be defined as an institutional system in which the public authority is subject to the law. This notion has been redefined in the early twentieth century by Hans Kelsen as: "a State in which legal standards are prioritized so that its power is limited. Such a system that asks patients to the rule submission, presupposes the legitimacy of its agents, in addition to objective translation of normativity which from. So far it appears from the observation devices resulting, structural and functional abnormalities with the constituent clinical effects of a syndrome, that point the dysfunctions of a jurisdictional space essentially abandoned to individualities. As a result, the interactions between agents and patients (litigants, defendants, plaintiffs) cannot be separated from the analysis of these events specific to the continental law, including contemporary french. It is therefore, after identification of the syndrome and the analysis of the 'system concept', made the observation that for a constant regulatory paradox and noted the clinical signs of disease, that we examined the vectors. However, the observation that resulted was driving, consider the inevitable and to integrate it, either search for the original causes and ways to mitigate the effects. Accordingly, it is in the light of a paradigm of constant, clean to the continental law, after having noted the effects and identified the causes of disease as revealed by the syndrome of the device, we have created the concept of residualism. Therefore, after to have seen both the foundations that the strategy we sought in the first tracks likely to reduce the scope and lead to the development of a "guided" device, both aiming to get effective accession of agents and of the patients, to unload the judge of a normative responsibility is not hers
Geindre, Hugo. "Outils théoriques pour la simulation de la spectroscopie vibrationnelle et de la réactivité des hydrocarbures aromatiques polycycliques dans le milieu interstellaire : analyse critique et nouvelles approches." Thesis, Lille 1, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020LIL1R018.
Full textPolycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH), a family of molecule consisting of fused carbon cycles are suspected for many years to be responsible for the unidentified infrared bands (UIB) which are some emission features detected in many regions of the interstellar medium. It is now generally accepted that PAHs are ubiquitous in the interstellar medium and a key factor in a lot of events in these regions, from the birth of stars to molecular hydrogen formation. However, no PAH has never been formally identified in the interstellar medium. To address the bands allocation problem in the infrared spectra, scientists need, among others, precise theoretical data on different PAHs (linear, bent, etc.) in different charge,hydrogenation state or, even, environment (adsorption on interstellar dust, occurrence of ice. . . ). In this regard, one can also view the PAH as a molecular probe for the interstellar medium. The goal of this thesis is to perform an in-depth analysis of the most common theoretical tools as well as provide new methodologies and technical developments in order to improve current theoretical descriptions and unlock technical limitations with the aim to serve as a guide for future studies. At first, we looked at the problem of the intensity overestimation in the CH-stretching region of the PAH infrared spectra, which is especially difficult to reproduce. In order to understand the foundations of this anomalous description, we have systematically sampled the different families of DFT functionals as well as the electronic basis set to study the model PAH, naphthalene and some chemically close molecules. We have demonstrated that the long-range correction strongly impact these calculations (harmonic and anharmonic cases), especially in our region of interest, the CH-stretching. Our study highlights some numerical errors due to the presence of diffuse functions in the electronic basis set. Finally, we propose a methodological approach to minimise all these errors. Secondly, we report the first application of a new algorithm, van der Waals Transition State Search Using Chemical Dynamics Simulation (vdW-TSSCDS), in the field of PAH reactivity in ISM, more specifically the hydrogenation of our model PAH, naphthalene. PAH hydrogenation is a key mechanism, especially for molecular hydrogen formation in the ISM, which is critical for astrophysical models. vdW-TSSCDS method provides, in a totally automated fashion, all the stationary points for the potential energy surface of a molecular or intermolecular system which may contain covalent and van der Waals bonds, taking into account the three approximations : rigid monomer, semi-rigid and fully flexible. We have demonstrated the feasibility and efficiency of this methodology in the context of the first hydrogenation of naphthalene by obtaining the whole reaction network, i.e. all the transition states, minimas and lowest energy paths between them. With our results, we were able to find all the previously undescribed TS as well as low-energy species of the indene type. Furthermore, we report some preliminary results on second hydrogenation and establish some clear lines for the progress of this type of research by using this methodology allowing going beyond chemical intuition
Vaudor, Lise. "Estimation de la moyenne et de la variance de l’abondance de populations en écologie à partir d’échantillons de petite taille." Thesis, Lyon 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011LYO10013/document.
Full textIn ecology as well as in other scientific areas, count samples often comprise many zeros, and few high abundances. Their distribution is particularly overdispersed, and skewed. The most classical methods of inference are often ill-adapted to these distributions, unless sample size is really large. It is thus necessary to question the validity of inference methods, and to quantify estimation errors for such data. This work has been motivated by a fish abundance dataset, corresponding to punctual sampling by electrofishing. This dataset comprises more than 2000 samples : each sample corresponds to punctual abundances (considered to be independent and identically distributed) for one species and one fishing campaign. These samples are small-sized (generally, 20 _ n _ 50) and comprise many zeros (overall, 80% of counts are zeros). The fits of various classical distribution models were compared on these samples, and the negative binomial distribution was selected. Consequently, we dealt with the estimation of the parameters of this distribution : the parameter of mean m and parameter of dispersion q. First, we studied estimation problems for the dispersion. The estimation error is higher when few individuals are observed, and the gain in precision for a population, resulting from the exclusion of samples comprising very few individuals, can be quantified. We then compared several methods of interval estimation for the mean. Confidence intervals based on negative binomial likelihood are, by far, preferable to more classical ones such as Student’s method. Besides, both studies showed that some estimation problems are predictable through simple statistics such as total number of individuals or number of non-null counts. Accordingly, we compared the fixed sample size sampling method, to a sequential method, where sampling goes on until a minimum number of individuals or positive counts have been observed. We showed that sequential sampling improves the estimation of dispersion but causes the estimation of mean to be biased ; still, it improves the estimation of confidence intervals for the mean. Hence, this work quantifies errors in the estimation of mean and dispersion in the case of overdispersed count data, compares various estimation methods, and leads to practical recommendations as for sampling and estimation methods
Blanc, Thomas. "Etude mathématique des problèmes paraboliques fortement anisotropes." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017AIXM0570.
Full textThis manuscript is devoted to the asymptotic analysis of parabolic equations with stiff terms. First, we perform the asymptotic analysis of a parabolic equation with stiff transport terms. An effective limit model is obtained by a two-scale analysis based on ergodic theory results. This effective system is again a parabolic system whose diffusion field is an average of the initial diffusion field along a group of unitary operators. The introduction of a corrector allows us to obtain a strong convergence result, with an order of convergence, for initial data not necessarily well prepared. We propose a numerical method to compute the effective diffusion field. This method is based on a Runge-Kutta scheme and a semi-Lagrangian scheme. The theoretically order of convergence is obtained numerically. We propose a numerical method based on operator splitting for the resolution of the parabolic system with stiff transport terms. Finally, we perform the asymptotic analysis of a strongly anisotropic parabolic problem. Under suitable smoothness hypotheses, an effective variational system is proposed. By using a suitable corrector, we obtain a strong convergence result and we are able to perform the error analysis. The arguments relate again to the two-scale analysis and the ergodic theory
Comparat, Daniel. "Formation de molécules froides par photoassociation d'atomes froids de césium. Mise en évidence de forces à longue portée entre atomes froids excités de césium." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 1999. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00002752.
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