Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Théorie de la décision philosophique'
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Bolaños, Bernardo. "Attentes normatives et proportionnalité : éléments d'une théorie de la décision juridique." Paris 1, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA010514.
Full textBréban, Laurie. "Éléments pour une théorie morale de la décision : Adam Smith sur le bonheur et la délibération." Paris 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA010062.
Full textMartens, Johannes. "L' évolution des organisations biologiques : vers une théorie unifiée de la coopération et du conflit." Paris 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA010737.
Full textHarnay, Pôl-Vincent. "La décision de l'expérimentation à l'interprétation : l'apport de Donald Davidson." Phd thesis, Université Panthéon-Sorbonne - Paris I, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00363905.
Full textNous cherchons à montrer si cette seconde version enrichie de la théorie de la décision, pour le moins originale, répond aux différentes critiques que l'on pouvait adresser à la première. Et, d'une manière plus générale, nous mettons en lumière l'apport d'une théorie de la décision au carrefour de l'économie et de la philosophie.
Enot, Gilles. "Le rôle de la décision en aménagement ou le travail de recomposition de la connaissance : les exemples pyrénéens des chemins de fer et des refuges de montagne." Pau, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999PAUU1005.
Full textIsrael, Rachel. "Mémoire externe et décision coopérative en conception. L'oubli de l'oubli : Application à la mémoire de projet dans le domaine aéronautique." Compiègne, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002COMP1432.
Full textHardy-Vallée, Benoit. "Les animaux sont-ils rationnels ?" Paris, EHESS, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006EHES0029.
Full textThe point of view adopted in this thesis is that the question of animal rationality must be adressed as a question of the extent, in the biological world, of economic rationality. It is suggested that the rational agents should be classified as natural kinds rather than normative kinds. A mechanistic model of rational competence is proposed, inspired from adaptive control theories, and contrasted with the standard conception, wich assimilate rationality with interpretability. It is concluded that the interpretive conception encounters many problems, and that the question of animal rationality is a problem of comparative biology rather than psychological interpretation. The vertebrate category is presented as a category that may be equipped with typical properties implemented by economic agents
Jabarian, Brian. "Opérationnaliser l'incertitude morale : définir un cadre d'analyse pour l'esprit critique dans un monde incertain." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris 1, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023PA01H223.
Full textThis Ph.D. in philosophy explores the normative uncertainty problem, i.e. the complex ethical problem of what should we do when uncertain about what we should do? We conduct our thesis in the tradition of the long-forgotten philosophy of science tradition of operationalization. The latter is a thorough analytical approach that allows for applied investigations of a concept whose empirical implications are neither proven nor clear. In the case of an ethical evaluation or choice problem, operationalization includes two main dimensions: (1) providing a framework for reasoning, comparing the values of options, and decision-making by individuals or groups; (2) providing empirical evidence to demonstrate the concept’s relevance for applied research and further scientific investigations. We divide our thesis into two main parts based on these dimensions. A preceding introduction addresses normative uncertainty and its relations to other ethical and meta-ethical concepts. Part I provides a comprehensive framework for comparing the values of options, reasoning, and making individual decisions under normative uncertainty, depending on the types and amount of information available to the decision-maker. Part II demonstrates how we may employ humanities in survey methods and establish normative uncertainty as an empirical fact by combining both disciplines. The conclusion summarizes our thesis’ main contributions
Lambert, Aude. "La diversité des structures de rationalité en microéconomie." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016AIXM3047.
Full textStandard microeconomics displays the concept of rationality as the maximisation of expected utility i.e. in a narrow and unequivocal sense. The criticisms against this concept made by behavioural economics or sociology are well known. I aim at providing an analysis of some of them in order to emphasise the fact that they mainly highlight the diversity of reasoning modes. But the issue is to know whether the diversity of reasoning modes necessarily leads to reject the standard model. My intention falls into two fields : the theory of Rational Choice and the Game Theory. From the point of view of behavioural economics, I assume that the maximisation is nothing more than a local reasoning mode that can be assessed in relation to the context of action. But this assumption implies correcting the standard Game Theory as well. The fact that the general equilibrium, based on the maximisation of expected utility, cannot be used anymore as an unique model calls a new kind of formalisation. So, I point out that agent-based modelling allows us to conceive, in a counterfactual way, interactions between rational economic agents in their context. Therefore, in this respect, rational patterns of actions and interactions design possible worlds without having to choose between them
Le, Coz Pierre. "Le moment philosophique de la décision médicale." Aix-Marseille 2, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003AIX20686.
Full textMammone, Rinaldi Angelo. "Équations philosophiques : la construction de la science mathématique de la politique par Condorcet dans l'«Essai sur la probabilité des décisions ». Un essai de philologie mathématique." Paris, EHESS, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007EHES0005.
Full textThe Condorcet's Essai sur la probabilité des décisions is a paradox for a mere mathematical history of mathematics : mathematicians judged this text 1. Very important (18th-early 19th century), 2. An error and a source of error (19th-half 20th century), 3. And today again very important. As a mathematical history focusing only on mathematics is insufficient, a history of mathematics must deal both with the calculations and their (philosophical, political, religious) senses. In the first part I show the history of this paradox, analysing the oppositions between the groups of mathematicians, the fight to sacralize some researches as 'science', and the fights to preserve or to change memories. In the second part I try to follow the sound and meaning of the words Condorcet uses, through the texts coeval and previous to his calculations. I show then the intimate relations between the mathematical quest of solutions to problems and the philosophical research that goes before and along it
BOHUI, DALI JOACHIM. "Médiation et intermédiation : (théorie de l'intra-structure philosophique)." Dijon, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990DIJOL009.
Full textDuflo, Colas. "Le jeu : une approche philosophique." Besançon, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995BESA1025.
Full textStrub, Pierre-Yves. "Théorie des Types et Procédures de Décision." Phd thesis, Ecole Polytechnique X, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00351837.
Full textNotre principal apport est la définition et l'étude du Calcul des Constructions Inductives Congruentes, une extension du Calcul des Constructions Inductives (CIC), intégrant au sein de son mécanisme de calcul des procédures de décisions pour des théories equationnelles au premier ordre.
Nous montrons que ce calcul possède toutes les propriétés attendues: confluence, normalisation forte, cohérence logique et décidabilité de la vérification de types sont préservées. En tant que tel, notre calcul peut être vu comme une restriction décidable du Calcul des Constructions Extentionnelles et peut servir comme base pour l'extension de l'assistant à la preuve Coq.
Fadeuilhe, Francis. "Les théories de l'évidence et le dualisme philosophique." Paris 10, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA100073.
Full textWe live with evidences, and however there exists no theory (no satisfying theory) of evidence. Even those who, from Descartes to Husserl, have depended on it, have not completely clarified it. One can see there the constitution of "systems of sensible symbols", of which the accord with the reality produces the evidence properly so called. But thus so explained, it stays "dual", as it lays down the "I" at the same time that the reality this "I" apprehends. This "I" of the evidence is the one which lives in the consciousness, itself evident for us. In fact, this evidence of the consciousness can be precised by two other evidences: - that of the animal consciousness - that of the non-consciousness of machines if these evidences are admitted, then it is possible to distinguish two levels of consciousness, that it is proposed to call a and b, because they do not coincide with the traditional carving up (such as "spontaneous" and "reflected"). The consciousness a separates "me" and "the world" in a pure intentional action. The conscious- ness b is born in the consciousness a and lives with it from the moment from which this denies this separation. This negation is the invention of the transcendence or of the philosophical dualism, which characterizes the human being. One tries to verify it by showing how the "nature of man" (beauty, humor, the tool, etc. . . ) Can be created in each of us by this fundamental philosophical dualism, and how it tends to constitute a dualistic structure at the summit of which faith and wisdom oppose each other in an irreducible duality
Cohen, Gérard. "Théorie de la décision, décision et non-decision dans l'électronucléaire : le rôle du décideur." Reims, 2005. http://theses.univ-reims.fr/exl-doc/GED00000311.pdf.
Full textThe electro-nuclear industry is a minefield for decision makers. The problem has migrated from the economic to the political sphere, a phenomenon which the latter would rather have avoided. . . How and why? The first part of this thesis presents a diagnostic of the formal decision making system in the electro-nuclear field. It is clear that this system is structurally inefficient. The second part explores the true decision making system in the electro-nuclear field, revealing the existence of an underlying, virtually secret decision making system, unique to this industry. This is explained (particularly with a diagram) and proved twice by the facts. The conclusion is also very clear : in the electro-nuclear industry, everyone knows what must (inevitably ) be done, but no one will make any decisions! Quid about a theory in this case ? The third part investigates precisely how academic thought might explain the situation. The conclusion is, again, clear : no theory can satisfactorily explain exactly what is observed. The conclusion of this study proposes defining the electro-nuclear field as a “meta problem” or a “meta organization“. It shows how this particular definition can better explain what is happening in this field, essentially by means of six new diagrams, which, juxtaposed with the first one, can serve as a graphic summary of it
Vélez, López Germán Darío. "Heidegger : genèse d'une vie philosophique." Paris 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA010717.
Full textGiraud, Raphaël. "Une théorie de la décision pour les préférences imparfaites." Paris 1, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA010011.
Full textBaccelli, Jean. "Essais d'analyse de la théorie axiomatique de la décision." Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PSLEE002.
Full textThis thesis consists of three essays on axiomatic decision theory. Theybelong primarily to the epistemological analysis of decision theory.The first essay, “The limits of ordinalism”, focuses on ordinalism, a doctrinethat was instrumental in the constitution of contemporary microeconomictheory. First, I provide an abstract definition of this doctrine.I characterize it by the following claim: if the underlying data are choicedata, then no non-ordinal property of utility can be empirically meaningful.Second, I evaluate the above claim. I confront this claim with variousdecision-theoretic developments which seem to question its validity. I showthat, despite appearances, this claim is not challenged by the theoreticaldevelopments in question.The second essay, “Axiomatic analysis and risk attitudes”, examines thestatus of risk attitude concepts in decision theory. At first sight, axiomaticanalysis does not rely on these concepts. This indicates a certain neutrality ofdecision models regarding risk attitudes. Further analysis, however, leads oneto recognize the importance of what I call the conditional variation and thestrengthening of risk attitudes. This establishes the axiomatic significance ofrisk attitude concepts.The third essay, “Do bets reveal beliefs?”, examines the preference-basedapproach to the identification of beliefs. It focuses on the main problem towhich this approach is exposed, namely state-dependent utility. First, theproblem is illustrated in full detail. Four types of state-dependent utility issuesare distinguished. Second, a strategy for identifying beliefs under statedependentutility is presented and discussed. For the problem to be solvedfollowing this strategy, however, preferences need to extend beyond choices. Iargue that this is a necessary feature of any complete solution to the problemof state-dependent utility. I also claim that this is the main conceptuallesson to draw from this problem. I explain why this lesson is of interest toeconomists and philosophers alike
Sid-Amar, Ismahane. "Autour de la décision qualitative en théorie des possibilités." Thesis, Artois, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015ARTO0403/document.
Full textIn many applications, we are often in presence of decision making problems where the choice of appropriate actions need to be done. When the choice is clear and the risks are null, the decision becomes easy to select right actions. Decisions are more complex when available knowledge is flawed by uncertainty or when the established choice presents a risk. One of the main areas of Artificial Intelligence (AI) is to model, represent and reason about knowledge. In this thesis, we are interested in an inherent discipline in AI which concerns decision making problems.The qualitative possibility decision theory has developed several criteria, depending on the agent behavior, for helping him to make the right choice while maximizing one of these criteria. In this context, possibility theory provides a simple and natural way to encode uncertainty. It allows to express knowledge in a compact way using logical and graphical models. We propose in this thesis to study the representation and resolution of possibilistic qualitative decision problems. Possibilistic counterparts of standard approaches have been proposed and each approach aims to improve the computational complexity of computing optimal decisions and to provide more expressiveness to the representation model of the problem. In the logical framework, we proposed a new method for solving a qualitative decision problem, encoded by possibilistic bases, based on syntactic representations of data fusion problems. Subsequently, in a graphical framework, we proposed a new graphical model for decision making under uncertainty based on qualitatif possibilistic networks. Indeed, when agent's knowledge and preferences are expressed in a qualitative way, we suggest to encode them by two distinct qualitative possibilistic networks. We developed an efficient algorithm for computing optimistic optimal decisions based on syntactic counterparts of the possibilistic networks fusion. We also showed how an influence diagram can be equivalently represented in our new model. In particular, we proposed a polynomial algorithm for equivalently decomposing a given possibilistic influence diagram into two qualitatif possibilistic networks. In the last part of the thesis, we defined the concept of negated possibilistic network that can be used for computing optimal pessimistic decisions
Sid-Amar, Ismahane. "Autour de la décision qualitative en théorie des possibilités." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Artois, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015ARTO0403.
Full textIn many applications, we are often in presence of decision making problems where the choice of appropriate actions need to be done. When the choice is clear and the risks are null, the decision becomes easy to select right actions. Decisions are more complex when available knowledge is flawed by uncertainty or when the established choice presents a risk. One of the main areas of Artificial Intelligence (AI) is to model, represent and reason about knowledge. In this thesis, we are interested in an inherent discipline in AI which concerns decision making problems.The qualitative possibility decision theory has developed several criteria, depending on the agent behavior, for helping him to make the right choice while maximizing one of these criteria. In this context, possibility theory provides a simple and natural way to encode uncertainty. It allows to express knowledge in a compact way using logical and graphical models. We propose in this thesis to study the representation and resolution of possibilistic qualitative decision problems. Possibilistic counterparts of standard approaches have been proposed and each approach aims to improve the computational complexity of computing optimal decisions and to provide more expressiveness to the representation model of the problem. In the logical framework, we proposed a new method for solving a qualitative decision problem, encoded by possibilistic bases, based on syntactic representations of data fusion problems. Subsequently, in a graphical framework, we proposed a new graphical model for decision making under uncertainty based on qualitatif possibilistic networks. Indeed, when agent's knowledge and preferences are expressed in a qualitative way, we suggest to encode them by two distinct qualitative possibilistic networks. We developed an efficient algorithm for computing optimistic optimal decisions based on syntactic counterparts of the possibilistic networks fusion. We also showed how an influence diagram can be equivalently represented in our new model. In particular, we proposed a polynomial algorithm for equivalently decomposing a given possibilistic influence diagram into two qualitatif possibilistic networks. In the last part of the thesis, we defined the concept of negated possibilistic network that can be used for computing optimal pessimistic decisions
Roger, Julia. "Descartes et ses livres : l'édition comme geste philosophique." Caen, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015CAEN1027.
Full textThe present work finds its origins in the lack of interest of Descartes for the books. This lack of interest stems from the vanity of likely knownledges they convey and their materiality which prevent the reader to grab the truth they could hold. This lack of personal interest of Descartes for the book as an object is an epistemological condemnation which takes place at the heart of a critique of authority: What makes authority for knowing the truth? Can a media such as the book be used to teach true philosophy? What is an author and what is a book? The present work aims at questionning these subjects through the prism of publishing. The study of Descartes books editorial properties is at the core of this thesis and allows to understand how Descartes, a disappointed reader, was so much involved in the publishing of his works: Discours de la méthode, Meditationes de prima philosophia, Principia philosophiae, Specimina philosophiae and Passions de l’âme
Borie, Mariane. "L' assujettissement philosophique du style : conditions pour une théorie non-esthétique du style." Paris 10, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA100012.
Full textAlthough they differ by their purpose and the way to achieve it, philosophy and art require both a concept of style as we consider the first one either as an original practice of language or as the motherland of knowledge, and the second one either as the object of aesthetics, or as the stuff of a one way history. As we consider now philosophy as the guardian of Logos, it is the instance which is supposed to keep its subject free of mind and unify its theory trough history. Suppose that it could achieve such a concept, how is it possible to define philosophical style if this is understood as well as the invariant and the sum of each of its singular déterminations ? The point would first consist in succeeding to separate philosophical style from the stylistic "mixt" in which consist the subject of the philosophical opus. But the way in which thought is fragmented into concepts constitutes a hope for analyzing the style of philosophers as it allows to order intraphilosophical style differences around a stable word. But if philosophy is also the instance which organizes knowledge in this specific way, is it still possible to abstract and synthetize these differences as philosophical style is supposed to be elucidated, when following this method ? This circle is the point that orders to refound the notion of subject and to invent a practice of style which could bend this difficulty : how to define style thanks philosophy if this is the subject and if subject is style, as it's supposed to be in this particular case ?
Ivanenko, Yaroslav. "Sur l'usage de la théorie de la décision en finance." Paris 1, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA010066.
Full textMauranyapin, Jérémie. "La décision et les ensembles flous : contributions méthodologiques à la théorie des jeux et l'aide à la décision." Thesis, Perpignan, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PERP0059/document.
Full textDetermining the allocation and the distribution of scarce resources is fundamental in economics. Thus, decision theory is the cornerstone of economic theory. In this thesis, we first provide a state of the art insisting on the fact that information, that is a central element of decision-making, is imperfect. Secondly, using fuzzy set theory, which aims to capture imprecision, we construct a fuzzy number, so-called C-Shape that captures the sensitivity of the decision-maker. Thirdly, we study decision theory through two key concepts of operation research: (1) game theory and (2) multi-criteria decision making. We provide an analogy between the gauge functions of convex sets and the membership functions arising in fuzzy set theory. Coupling a suitable notion of -convexity with the C-Shape function, we introduce a class of games for which the players can be optimistic, pessimistic or neutral. In addition the existence of Nash equilibrium is proved for such a class of games. Finally, concerning multi-criteria decision analysis, we use the C-Shape functions to characterize a new type of criteria called C-Shape pseudo-criterion, which makes possible to consider the alternatives as substitutable. This should be of interest to take into account, for example, the institutional context in which decision-making is taken
Krömer, Ralf. "La théorie des catégories: ses apports mathématiques et ses implications épistémologiques.Un hommage historio-philosophique." Phd thesis, Université Nancy II, 2004. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00151000.
Full textJouvet, François. "Approche kunique et théorie des organisations : essai philosophique français sur le thème de l'entreprise." Nice, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998NICE0045.
Full textTo contemporary cynicism, this thesis opposes the approach of ancient cynicism. It begins with the study of six principles : three dealing with organization (differentiation, integration, optimisation). Then three + creative ; ones (immanence, transcendance, transcendentalism). Together, these principles offer the structure of a classification and interpretation frame for the theories of organization. Upon them is built a critical approach : critical constructivism. Critical constructivism is made up of three different elements : one about theory, the next about ethics, the third one about judgment. Critical constructivism determines three main principles: liberty, equality and fraternity. Its logical consequences conclude in favour of existentialism. Liberty, equality and fraternity, plus existentialism should be enought to justify the subtitle of this work : + a french essay about the theory of the firm
Schmitz, Julia. "La théorie de l'institution du doyen Maurice Hauriou : ses sources et sa signification philosophique." Toulouse 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009TOU10014.
Full textThe Maurice Hauriou’s theory of Institution represents the nucleus of his work but it is still unknown. Born during a turbulent period as politically and socially than philosophically and scientifically, it presents an obvious contradiction that only few investigators tried to illustrate. However, it owns a real modernity as being elaborated at a key point of juridical science history in order to answer to main epistemological questions. The previous studies of this theory, either partial or superficial, cannot really express its importance. Hauriou is actually opening a new debate on the juridical science thanks to a philosophical reflection about law and the rich and complicated notion of Estate. But there is to highlight all the philosophical influences either claimed or not in order to get the real heuristic ignification of this theory. It appears that the theory of Institution comes from a dialectic reflection about two confronted philosophical perspectives which are attracted to each other: the scientific positivism and the spiritualism. The real meaning of this institutional theory will take place in another direction, the one of critical vitalism. Meeting point of these two philosophical influences and overtaking of its contradiction, this perspective opens a new intellectual area for the Law and Estate concept. In this way, the critical vitalism elaborates a new philosophical orientation which leads to assume epistemological, methodological and ontological principles which are questioning the ones usually accepted in the juridical conception. In this way, Hauriou becomes the Institution investigator who, thanks to his vitalist point of view, is reconsidering the statute and the foundations of the juridical science
Gatta, Alessandro. "Diagrammes d'influence : Méthodologie et logiciel pour la résolution de graphes de décision." Paris 6, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992PA066720.
Full textToquebeuf, Pascal. "Le rôle de l'hypothèse de conséquentialisme en théorie de la décision." Aix-Marseille 3, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010AIX32047.
Full textSince the three last decades, several Non-Expected Utility models of choice under ambiguity have been axiomatized. The two most popular approaches are the maximin expected utility model (MEU) and the Choquet expected utility (CEU) one. One of the main motivations to the development of these models is the rationalization of the Ellsberg paradox. This experiment suggests that individual preferences have to integrated ambiguity and ambiguity attitudes. Contrarily to the bayesian model, NEU models have the ability, thanks to a nonadditive representation of the decision maker's beliefs, to take into account such caracteristics of the decision problem and of the individual psychology. Of particular interest is the update of NEU preferences when new information comes. Indeed, several economic situations involve not only ambiguity, but also sequential information arrivals in the decision process. Whereas the Bayesian updating of probabilistic beliefs automatically satisfies the axioms of consequentialism and dynamic consistency, these hypothesis have to be explicitly assumed in a NEU framework. And yet, they cannot be assumed together : in order to preserve non-additive beliefs, only one of them can be imposed on NEU preferences. Indeed, a folk theorem of decision making under uncertainty states that these assumptions together imply additive beliefs and bayesian updating. The present work studies the consequentialism assumption within a NEU (MEU or CEU) framework, its implications on the decision maker's beliefs, and proposes several ways of updating NEU preferences in a dynamically consistent (but not consequentialist) manner
Castaing, Cécile. "La théorie de la décision administrative et le principe de précaution." Bordeaux 4, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001BOR40029.
Full textArticle L. 110-1 of the environment code states that the precautionary principle exerts an influence which goes beyeond the context ot the protection of the environment. But in the absence of a specific ratification by the legislator to cover other activities, and unless the administrative judge makes it a general principle of law, the precautionary principle only applies to activities likely to cause a health risk. As a safety mesure, it is principally aimed at administrative authorities which have regulator power, and whose role is to guide in decreeing norms. .
Krömer, Ralf. "La théorie des catégories : ses apports mathématiques et ses implications épistémologiques : un hommage historico-philosophique." Nancy 2, 2004. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00151000.
Full textCategory theory (CT) is important in virtue of its mathematical applications and its power to generate philosophical debate. It is a language for algebraic topology, a deductive system in homological algebra, and, as an alternative to set theory, a means of object construction (in Grothendieck's conception of algebraic geometry). Unpublished sources show that Grothendieck quit the Bourbaki group because of a debate on CT, which was partly epistemological in nature, especially as far as set-theoretical realisation of categorical constructions was concerned. We claim that CT is fundamental because it is a theory of some typical operations of structural mathematics: in our pragmatic perspective, justification of mathematical knowledge is not provided for by the reduction to basic objects but rather by a technical common sense intervening on each level (the theories on the higher level having as their objects the theories of the original objects)
Goupil, Alban. "Égalisation à retour de décision pondérée." Rennes 1, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004REN10002.
Full textBen, Larbi Ramzi. "Un modèle pour la prise de décision multi-agent sous incertitude stricte." Thesis, Artois, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009ARTO0407/document.
Full textThe informative context in which an agent evolves is extremely important when she elaborates her futurebehaviour. A rational agent must base her choices on the available information. In realistic applications,the information is often rare and imprecise. Many models have been introduced to caracterize rationaldecision in each possible informative context. This thesis is about the elaboration of a model that allowsan agent to make rational decisions in an extremely poor informative context. The only informationthat is available to an agent about her actions’ consequences is the result set of each of her actions. Noinformation about which consequence of any action will eventually happen is available. The agent issupposed to be selfish (which means that her own interest is her only concern) and autonomous. Sheevolves in an environment in which she coexists with other agents (that are as selfish and autonomous asher). An agent action may inflence those of other agents. We used the following approach to build ourmodel. First, we caracterized the rational decision criteria for an agent to use in the context of completeignorance. Then we extended these criteria, by using game theory concepts, to a multiagent environment.Finally, the planning framework is an excellent framework to represent the introduced concepts
Fatene, Mohammed. "Contribution à la théorie des expertons. Sous-ensembles flous de type 2 et 3." Compiègne, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001COMP1374.
Full textImmordino, Giovanni. "Rôle de l'incertitude scientifique dans la prise de décision." Toulouse 1, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999TOU10055.
Full textMorel, Didier. "Du rapport au réel au rapport à l'autre : connaissance et valeur : essai d'anthropologie philosophique." Lille 3, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001LIL30019.
Full textDurand, Sylvain. "Sur quelques paradoxes en théorie du choix social et en décision multicritère." Phd thesis, Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 2000. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00006743.
Full textBorges, Filipe Alexandre. "Théorie et modélisation de la décision de justice : l'exemple du juge judiciaire." Paris 2, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA020012.
Full textCarrère, Thibault. "La démocratie constitutionnelle à l'épreuve du républicanisme : Sur la dualité philosophique du constitutionnalisme moderne." Thesis, Montpellier, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017MONTD037.
Full textConstitutionalism, and Democracy, are the two projects of modernity. The concept of constitutional democracy carries theses two projects. There are two conceptions of constitutional democracy. The first one is the most popular in legal scholarship. It is centred on rights-based judicial review. Our hypothesis is that this conception of constitutional democracy is backed up by descriptive and normative discourses resting on liberal assumptions. Therefore, the evolution from human rights to fundamental right is based on a specific conception of freedom, rights, democracy, and a specific historical context. This dominant view is not the only view. The second conception of constitutional democracy is based on republican philosophy. The republican view intent to overtake the judicial-centred conception of democracy, by rehabilitating elected institutions and the people themselves. This legal republicanism is widely ignored by French scholars, but very dynamic abroad, gives us tools to grasp recent constitutional evolutions : the expansion of fundamental rights, the growth of constitutional adjudication, the attrition of political responsibility, the disappearance of the people, the mutation of sovereignty. Therefore, republicanism brings to light the limits of dominant liberal conception of constitutional democracy, and put forward a renewed one
Garcia, Frédérick. "Révision des croyances et révision du raisonnement pour la planification." Toulouse, ENSAE, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993ESAE0001.
Full textMoysset, Jean-Luc. "Décision des problèmes de compléments associatifs-commutatifs." Nancy 1, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995NAN10238.
Full textMolina, Vanessa. "Scène et philosophie : Théorie et pratique de la lecture philosophique pour un libre accès à la pensée." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/35331.
Full textWilthien, Pierre-Henry. "Eléments de théorie des inégalités et ordres stochastiques." Paris 1, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA010038.
Full textKennedy, Neil. "La manière d'une modalité : une analyse logique et philosophique de la modalité d'ordre supérieur." Paris 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA010736.
Full textMercier, Hugo. "La théorie argumentative du raisonnement." Phd thesis, Ecole pratique des hautes études - EPHE PARIS, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00396731.
Full textMilliez, Grégoire. "Raisonnement sur le contexte et les croyances pour l'interaction homme-robot." Thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016INPT0077/document.
Full textThe first robots appeared in factories, in the form of programmable controllers. These first robotic forms usually had a very limited number of sensors and simply repeated a small set of sequences of motions and actions. Nowadays, more and more robots have to interact or cooperate with humans, whether at the workplace with teammate robots or at home with assistance robots. Introducing a robot in a human environment raises many challenges. Indeed, to evolve in the same environment as humans, and to understand this environment, the robot must be equipped with appropriate cognitive abilities. Beyond understanding the physical environment, the robot must be able to reason about human partners in order to work with them or serve them best. When the robot interacts with humans, the fulfillment of the task is not a sufficient criterion to quantify the quality of the interaction. Indeed, as the human is a social being, it is important that the robot can have reasoning mechanisms allowing it to assess the mental state of the human to improve his understanding and efficiency, but also to exhibit social behaviors in order to be accepted and to ensure the comfort of the human. In this manuscript, we first present a generic framework (independent of the robotic platform and sensors used) to build and maintain a representation of the state of the world by using the aggregation of data entry and hypotheses on the environment. This infrastructure is also in charge of assessing the situation. Using the state of the world it maintains, the system is able to utilize various spatio-temporal reasoning to assess the situation of the environment and the situation of the present agents (humans and robots). This allows the creation and maintenance of a symbolic representation of the state of the world and to keep awareness of each agent status. Second, to go further in understanding the situation of the humans, we will explain how we designed our robot with the capacity known in developmental and cognitive psychology as "theory of mind", embodied here by mechanisms allowing the system to reason by putting itself in the human situation, that is to be equipped with "perspective-taking" ability. Later we will explain how the assessment of the situation enables a situated dialogue with the human, and how the ability to explicitly manage conflicting beliefs can improve the quality of interaction and understanding of the human by the robot. We will also show how knowledge of the situation and the perspective taking ability allows proper recognition of human intentions and how we enhanced the robot with proactive behaviors to help the human. Finally, we present a study where a system maintains a human model of knowledge on various tasks to improve the management of the interaction during the interactive development and fulfillment of a shared plan
Danan, Éric. "Vers une théorie économique positive de l'indécision." Paris 1, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA010008.
Full textAbdellaoui, Mohammed. "Utilité espérée et décision en avenir risque : une étude expérimentale critique." Aix-Marseille 3, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988AIX32030.
Full textThis work consists of two parts. The first part presents the expected utility theory and investigates the links between its formal aspect and its use as a decision-aid model. It insists on the conformity of the decision-maker's fundamental preferences to the axioms of the formal model as a necessary condition for extrapolating the attitudes observed (choices among random prospects) to the set of potential actions in the decision-aid study. The second part presents the results of an experimental inquiry into individual behavior under risk. It focuses on individual arbitrage between probabilities and payments in choosing among elementary lotteries and compares it to the arbitrage predicted by expected utility theory. The inquiry was conducted in france and in morocco, which provided two samples of datas, each one pertaining to a different cultural system. The analysis of the data obtained indicates that it is impossible for the formal model to represent the choices expressed by the experimental study subjects. Our results are relatively more precise than previous results (kahneman and tversky) and they are in line with those of de neufville and delquie (1988)
Modave, François. "Vers une unification des différents paradigmes de la théorie de la décision : une approche basée sur les mesures non-additives et la théorie du mesurage." Toulouse, INPT, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999INPT031H.
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