Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Théorie de la connaissance (Hindouisme)'
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Pierrot, Alain. "Théorie de la connaissance et connaissance du langage." Paris 1, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993PA010688.
Full textThis thesis aims a critical examination of arguments used by Chomsky in order to elaborate a "scientific theory" of our tacit knowledge of language, as a realist contribution to the physical representation of the world. The relations between his formalization of syntactic structures and logicism and behaviorism are first examined. Next, logical form is related to russell's propositional function. Logicism is connected with the central rol attributed to reference,. Under Wittgenstein's growing influence, formalization is abandoned but, as opposed to physicalism, the very notion of "rule" too. As other cognitivisms, his "mentalist" theory tries to explain public language by an interna language, from which it would be translated. If a logical reconstruction of linguistic learning is impossible from a solipsist point of view, what is defined as "plato's problem, analogy is a consistent rationalist alternative principles. The "deductive" model necessarily takes language acquisition for granted and is unable to explain it's creativity, only paraphrasing what children "say" is within our range
Talarico, Vincenzo. "Théorie de la connaissance et ethnologie." Paris 7, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989PA070045.
Full textThis thesis is aimed at making a synthesis between ethnology (social anthropology), anthropology and philosophy. How does the concept act within the cultural weaving ? how does it form within the understanding ? how does cultural activity react on the conception ? these are some of the problems which are being treatad and developped in the thesis, as well as the study of three concepts in the pre-colombian societies, inca and aztec : quantity, quality and integration. Another subject being developped is the formation of the concept in ancient greece, of the pre-socratic era
Burley, Mikel. "Classical samkhya and yoga : an indian metaphysics of experience /." London : Routledge, 2007. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb41048238m.
Full textAndré, Régimbald. "Théorie empirique de connaissance et théorie politique chez John Locke." Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/5255.
Full textCollin, Denis. "La théorie de la connaissance chez Marx." Paris 10, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995PA100067.
Full textWe have to enlighten the connection between philosophical statements which constitute the ground of Marx’s thinking and pursuit of science of social development. Links between Marx and the western philosophical tradition - including Greeks and English and French philosophers of enlightenment - have to be examined again. That emphasizes, first, importance of analytical method and, secondly, assumption of a nominalist ontology of singular living individual. So that the relation between Marx and Hegel has to be conceived as breaking off. Dialectics is not an investigation method but only, by its own form, exposition of conflicting content of class relations. Against methodological individualism, Marx emphasis articulation between subjectivity of individual, living in determined social relations, and objective conditions of his activity. Therefore, we can understand genesis of social relations and genesis of ideas, illusions, and scientific knowing that are produced in one movement, the movement of life and production for needs. Thus, analysis of ideology take all its place: determining the conditions of science implies understanding the genesis of illusions and their own efficacy. So, critics of political economics appear under three aspects: first, it's a self-reflection of social science; secondly, it has an essential ethical dimension; thirdly it includes a philosophy. Objects of research of social science are understood as objectified products of personal activity of individuals. They are objective because they appear as a strange power, imposing their own power against individual power. Therefore, the aim which has to be searched is: liberating individuals so that they are no longer subjugated to power of objective creations of human history. Therefore, Marx’s theory of knowledge leads to think basis of politics
Prasad, Jwala. "History of Indian epistemology /." New Delhi : Munshiram Manoharlal publ, 1987. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb374688770.
Full textClavel, Anne. "La théorie de la connaissance dans le Laghı̄yastraya d'Akalaṅka." Lyon 3, 2008. https://scd-resnum.univ-lyon3.fr/out/theses/2008_out_clavel_a.pdf.
Full textThis study reconstructs the knowledge theory of Akalaṅka, a Jaina Digambara philosopher who lived in India during the 8th century C. E. (720-780). It is based on a preliminary critical edition and a translation of Akalaṅka's Laghı̄yastraya and of Abhayacandra's commentary thereupon, entitled Syādvādabhūṣaṇa (13th century). While defining the means of knowledge (pramāṇa) as the cognition which knows itself and its object, Akalaṅka doesn't consider reliability in the empirico-practical realm as an element of that definition: a cognition which is obtained by empirical means can deceive the cogniser, according to the viewpoint, hecause such a cognition alone is not able to explain perfectly how things really are. Only the omiscient one can know a thing in its entirety and as it really is, for all things and beings express one another. At the empirico-practical level, the highest knowledge is merely attained thanks to substitutes whose best instance is the sevenfold predication (syādvāda) ; but the syādvāda doesn't cancel the possibility of omniscience, because it applies exclusively to statements uttered from the empirico-practical standpoint. In accordance with the distinction between these two orders of knowledge, Akalaṅka propounds a double architectonics of the means of knowledge, which causes a conceptual shift in the sensuous cognition: whereas, strictly speaking, this cognition comes under the means of indirect knowledge (parokṣa) because it doesn't involve solely soul, unlike omniscience, nevertheless the clarity which constitutes its mark allows us to consider it as a kind of perception (pratyakṣa) at the empirico-practical level
Tsouna, Paraskevoula. "Les philosophes cyrénaïques et leur théorie de la connaissance." Paris 10, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA100111.
Full textThe aim of the present thesis was to discuss the Cyrenaic theory of knowledge. In the first place, we have tried to situate the Cyrenaic philosophes in their historical and philosophical context. We have established their success as well as an approximate chronology of the school. Problems concerning their institutional status, their Socratic origins and their writing have been discussed. We have traced the main features of the Cyrenaic hedonism and the historical background of the Cyrenaic epistemology. We have also analyzed the Cyrenaic notion of affect. In the second place, we proceeded to a systematic approach to the Cyrenaic theory of knowledge. Our topics were the Cyrenaic conception of infallibility and of truth, the belief in the existence of the external world and Aristotles' critique against the Cyrenaic. We also examined the formulation of the other minds problem and the Cyrenaic theory of language. Finally, we analyzed the Cyrenaic epistemology in terms of the so-called adverbial analysis theory. In our mind such an interpretation is formally adequate and philosophically interesting
Bonnet, Christian. "La théorie de la connaissance de Jakob Friedrich Fries." Paris 1, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA010641.
Full textAlthough the german philosopher Jakob Friedrich Fries (1773-1843) clained to have drawn his science from kant, he rejected kant's justification concerning metaphysical knowledge in his "transcendental deduction". To Fries'mind, kant felt victim to the "transcendental prejudice", itself inherited from the "prejudice of the proof" (a dogmatic belief in the possibility of producing a logical proof to all knowledge). A proper transcendental deduction should be a psychological, anthropological deduction. Is Fries'theory, then, a psychologism? No, if at least we care to distinguish between content and object of the critique of reason: to indicate that a judgement has its foundation upon an a priori knowledge does not mean that the procedure used to indicate it is in itself an a priori knowledge. Our knowledge is either mediate (judgements) or immediate. Immediate knowledge can be either intuitive (perception) or non-intuitive (unconscious immediate knowledge of our reason). The Friesian subjective deduction shows that our metaphysical judgements are in reference to the immediate knowledge of our reason. As for the latter, it is exempt from any doubt, resulting, therefore, in the confidence of our reason which is, according to Fries, the supreme "transcendental principle". Contemporary with german idealism, Fries'work did not get the reception it deserved in spite of the interest it regained at the beginning of this century thanks to the works by leonard nelson. The present work comprises an appendix which consists of a historical survey and a french translation of two texts by Fries: ueber das verhaltnis der empirischen psychologie zur metaphysik (1798) and grundriss der logik (1811)
Ménager, Lucie. "Communication, connaissance commune et consensus." Phd thesis, Université Panthéon-Sorbonne - Paris I, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00174147.
Full textPilote, Guillaume. "La réminiscence chez Platon : théorie de la connaissance ; anthropologie ; éthique." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/34591.
Full textBatieno, Jacques. "Théorie de la connaissance et rationalité politique chez Karl Popper." Paris 4, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA040033.
Full textPolizoakis, Emmanuel. "Connaissance et idéologie chez Lukacs." Paris 4, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986PA040221.
Full textThis work puts the problem of the relation between knowledge and ideology coming from Lukacs's work. The problem can be formulated in these words: can we establish objective criterions in order to distinguish clearly knowledge from ideology? Is there an Archimedean point which would be used as base of such a distinction? If there is not, must we admit objective knowledge must be absorbed into ideology? Can we not perceive, however, a certain idea of objectivity, not absolutely founded, but capable at least to supply us our action's criterions, be it so for a limited period of historical time? We followed the problem starting from Lukacs's fundamental works and we tried to penetrate the logical necessity which has pushed him to revise later his own concepts established into history and class conscience. Researching the objective foundation of the knowledge we stroke against ontological problem. We refused one can establish a marxistic ontology as long as he conserves his Hegelian presuppositions. We did not also admit that action can solve the problem of the reality of thought. We concluded that solution depends on historical conditions which cannot be determinate beforehand. The identity subject-object is also carried away towards this solution. This identity is legitimatized only as methodological or moral demand. Then, we followed this conclusion on the field of society's theory, relying on class conscience concept. This perspective was completed into the examination of the relation between liberty and necessity. We examined the possibility of a theodicy, basing on latent ideas into m. Weber's work on Protestantism and we liked this theory more than Beckett's theory of a god-tailor. The last chapter is devoted to the reification as the objective foundation of ideology according to Lukacs's ideas
Malinar, Angelika. "Rājavidyā : das königliche Wissen um Herrschaft und Verzicht : Studien zur Bhagavadgītā /." Wiesbaden : Harrassowitz, 1996. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb41334027r.
Full textCoqui, Guillaume. "La logique de Clauberg et sa théorie cartésienne de la connaissance." Dijon, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008DIJOL004.
Full textThis PhD Thesis attempts to evaluate Johannes Clauberg (1622-1665) from the double point of view of his contribution to the construction of historical "cartesianism" and his fidelity to Descartes' philosophy. Thus, it deals with a double alteration: the alteration of Clauberg, through the successive editions of his works (particularly the Ontosophia), by Descartes, and the alteration of Descartes by Clauberg, through the latter's commentaries. It focuses on Clauberg's Logica Vetus et Nova, which was widely interpreted as the first "cartesian" Logic to appear, and attempts to show how Clauberg's reception of the new cartesian philosophy uses cartesian philosophemata to get rid of many aspects of the traditional "formal" logic, but remains dominated by structures inherited from scholasticism, such as the understanding of representation as similitudo and the genus-species porphyrian organisation of both being and knowledge. This inquiry covers Clauberg's ontology, logic and theory of language; it suggests in conclusion that those elements co-operate to construct a long-lasting myth, that of cartesian "idealism"
Perdikouri, Hélène. "L'âme et le sensible : la théorie de la connaissance chez Plotin." Paris 10, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999PA100160.
Full textDufour, Xavier. "André-Marie Ampère : une philosophie de la connaissance." Lyon 3, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003LYO31002.
Full textQian, Jie. "De la preuve ostensive de l'objectivité de la connaissance : une critique de la déduction transcendantale kantienne et sa modification à l'aide de la découverte piagetienne du concept d'abstraction réfléchissante." Aix-Marseille 1, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996AIX10090.
Full textThere are two difficulties in kant's transcendantal deduction as ostensive proof, namely, that of the internalisation of the object and that of the unity between the sensibility and the understanding. With the help of piaget's theory founded on the concept of reflective abstraction and that of operative schemes, it is possible to resolve these difficulties to a certain extent
Versailles, David. "Apprentissage, organisations et individualisme. Perspectives issues de la théorie de la connaissance." Habilitation à diriger des recherches, Université de Nice Sophia-Antipolis, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00360801.
Full textPiantanida, Pablo. "THÉORIE DE L'INFORMATION MULTI-UTILISATEUR : INFORMATION ADJACENTE ET CONNAISSANCE IMPARFAITE DU CANAL." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00168330.
Full textDans cette thèse, nous introduisons d'abord la notion de "estimation-induced outage capacity" pour des canaux mono-utilisateur, où lémetteur et le récepteur \oe uvrent dans le but de construire des codes assurant une communication fiable avec une certaine qualité de service (QoS), quel que soit le degré d'exactitude de l'estimation qui apparaît au cours de la transmission. Dans notre cas, la contrainte sur la qualité de service permet d'atteindre les taux souhaités avec une probabilité d'erreur faible (le service de communication visé), même dans le cas où les estimations du canal sont mauvaises. Nos résultats fournissent une notion intuitive de l'impact des estimations et des caractéristiques du canal (e.g. SNR, taille des séquences d'apprentissage, voies de retour) sur le taux de coupure.
Ensuite, le décodeur optimal atteignant cette capacité est étudié. Nous nous focalisons sur les familles de décodeurs qui peuvent être implémentées sur la plupart des systèmes pratiques de modulation codée. Nous nous basons sur le décodeur théorique qui atteint la capacité, pour obtenir une métrique practique de décodage pour des canaux sans mémoire arbitraires qui minimise la probabilité d'erreur de transmission moyennée sur toutes les erreurs d'estimation du canal. Cette métrique est ensuite appliquée au cas des canaux MIMO à évanouissements. D'après notre notion du taux de coupure, nous déterminons le taux maximal d'information atteignable associé au décodeur proposé. Les résultats numériques montrent que, sans introduire de complexité additionnelle dans le décodage, la métrique proposée fournit des gains significatifs, en termes de taux d'information atteignables et de taux d'erreur binaire (BER), dans le cas de modulation codée à bits entrelacés (BICM).
Nous considérons ensuite les effets d'une estimation imparfaite connue par les récepteurs avec (ou sans) connaissance imparfaite à lémetteur sur la capacité de canaux dépendant d'états avec information adjacente non-causale à lémetteur. Ceci est abordé via la notion de communication fiable basée sur la probabilité d'erreur moyennée sur toutes les erreurs d'estimation du canal. Cette notion nous permet de considérer la capacité d'un canal composé (plus bruité) de type Gelfand et Pinsker. Nous obtenons le schéma de codage optimal de type "Dirty-paper coding (DPC)" qui atteint la capacité (sous l'hypothèse d'entrées Gaussiennes) du canal à évanouissements de type Costa. Les résultats illustrent le compromis pratique entre la quantité d'apprentissage du canal et son impact sur les performances de l'annulation d'interférences du schéma DPC. Cette approche nous permet d'étudier la région de capacité de canaux MIMO multi-utilisateur de diffusion à évanouissements (MIMO-BC), où les mobiles (les récepteurs) disposent uniquement d'une estimation bruitée des paramètres du canal, et ces estimations sont (ou non) disponibles à la station de base (l'émetteur). Nous observons en particulier, le résultat surprenant que pour ce canal de diffusion avec une antenne unique à l'émetteur et aux récepteurs et des estimées imparfaites du canal connues aux récepteurs, une connaissance de ses estimées à l'émetteur n'est pas nécessaire pour atteindre des taux élevés.
Finalement, nous présentons plusieurs schémas réalisables de type DPC pour l'insertion de l'information multi-utilisateur en soulignant leur relation étroite avec la théorie de l'information multi-utilisateur. Nous montrons d'abord qu'en fonction de l'application visée et des conditions requises sur les différents messages en termes de robustesse et de transparence, il y a un parallèle entre l'insertion de l'information multi-utilisateur et les canaux multi-utilisateur avec information adjacente à l'émetteur. Nous nous focalisons sur les canaux de diffusion Gaussiens (GBC) et sur les canaux Gaussiens à accès multiples (MAC). Ceci consiste en une conception commune de schémas de codage pratiques de type DPC basés sur les solutions théoriques correspondant à ces canaux. Ces résultats étendent les implémentations pratiques de type QIM, DC-QIM et SCS initialement conçues pour un utilisateur au cas de plusieurs utilisateurs. Nous montrons que l'écart avec les performances optimales (les régions de capacités) peut être minimisé en utilisant des mots de code basés sur un réseau maillé de dimension finie.
Gue, Loudmie. "La théorie de la connaissance chez Descartes et Vico : imagination et raison." Thesis, Paris 8, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA080057/document.
Full textIn the 17th century, the Quarrel of the Ancients and the Moderns gives the opportunity to wonder about the way in which men build knowledge. Two faculties come into play: imagination and reason. Descartes, it seems, has made reason the only faculty enabling men to know. In addition, Vico highlights the imagination that actively participates in cognition in humans. Thus, the philosophical tradition tends to make the one the opposite of the other. But can we take such opposition for granted?By indulging in an analysis of the Cartesian corpus, what is it possible to bring out about the imagination? What about Vico, who in his Scienza Nuova takes into account, in an original way, those two faculties that play a great role in the question of cognition.On the one hand, critics make Vico the fierce opponent of Descartes. On the other hand, a re-reading of the Cartesian position of the imagination leads us to a reconsideration of the opposition Descartes / Vico. Vico's position allows us to consider the imagination and the reason in a relation of hierarchization and complementarity. Thus, imagination is chronologically the first faculty which appears in men. The reason follows. But does this mean that the one over the other or that one is of greater importance than the other? So where does Vico get his ideas? How does he organize these for a new perspective in the construction of knowledge? These questions invite us to consider the Descartes / Vico report as complex and ambiguous.Our work consists in fixing the status of the imagination and its relationship with reason in the two philosophers and bringing a scientific character to the first. This leads us to study the status of the two faculties, the deep relationship that exists between them when apprehending the real
Piantanida, Juan Pablo. "Théorie de l'information multi-utilisateur : information adjacente et connaissance imparfaite du canal." Paris 11, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA112053.
Full textThe capacity of single and multi-user channels under imperfect channel knowledge are investigated. We address these channel mismatch scenarios by introducing two novel notions of reliable communication under channel estimation errors, for which we provide an associated coding theorem and its corresponding converse. Basically, we exploit for our purpose an interesting feature of channel estimation through use of pilot symbols. This feature is the availability of the statistic characterizing the quality of channel estimates. We first introduce the notion of estimation-induced outage capacity, where the transmitter and the receiver strive to construct codes for ensuring reliable communication with a quality-of-service, no matter which degree of accuracy estimation arises during a transmission. Then the optimal decoder achieving this capacity is investigated. We derive a practical decoding metric and its achievable rates, for arbitrary memoryless channels that minimizes the average of the transmission error probability over all channel estimation errors. We next consider the effects of imperfect channel estimation at the receivers with imperfect (or without) channel knowledge at the transmitter on the capacity of state-dependent channels withe non-causal CSI at the transmitter (e. G. The multi-user Fading MIMO Broadcast Channel). We address this through the notion of reliable communication based on the average of the transmission error probability over all channel estimation erros. Finally, we consider several implementable DPC schemes for multi-user information embedding, through emphasizing their tight relationship with conventional multi-user information theory
David, Hugo. "La parole comme moyen de connaissance : recherches sur l'épistémologie de la connaissance verbale et la théorie de l'exégèse dans l'Advaita Vedānta." Paris, EPHE, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012EPHE5009.
Full textThe present work identifies an autonomous trend of thought on language within the “non-dualist” (Advaita) branch of Vedānta from the end of the 10th century onwards, defines its main characteristics and tries to highlight its doctrinal coherence and evolutions. Its point of departure is a study of the Śābdanirṇaya of Prakāśātman (950-1000), a new edition of which is proposed, followed by a first complete translation into French, by a running commentary and by a new edition of its only known Sanskrit commentary, Ānandabodha’s Nyāyadīpikā (11th/12th century). Authored by one of post-Śaṅkara Vedānta’s foremost thinkers, the Śābdanirṇaya is the first (and perhaps the only) Advaita text to be fully devoted to a reflection on speech, considered a means of knowledge in its own right. In this work, speech is dealt with in its sacred as well as secular aspects (in the first case, in the form of Vedic Revelation), on different linguistic levels (sounds, words, sentences, texts) and according to its different possible effects (knowledge, action, salvific experience). A preliminary study first situates the text in the history of Advaita Vedānta and investigates the extent of its influence on later authors, perceivable at least until the end of the 14th century. Secondly, it shows how Prakāśātman, drawing abundantly from previous exegetical sources (Maṇḍana Miśra, Śālikanātha), deeply reinterprets this heritage and elaborates an unprecedented philosophy of language, centred on the hypothesis of an immediate verbal knowledge, which serves as an epistemological justification for the importance devoted to speech in the theoretical building of non-dualism
Li, Jun. "La Plateforme modulaire socio-cognitive pour la création de connaissance." Strasbourg 1, 2006. https://publication-theses.unistra.fr/public/theses_doctorat/2006/LI_Jun_2006.pdf.
Full textThe main purpose of this study seeks to explore new theoretical ground for knowledge creation in a socio-cognitive learning's perspective. The central question of this study is driven by: How might we re-define and better understand the processes of knowledge creation? In order to answer this question, the study focused on three research objectives: (i) to provide an integrated practice-based spiral model of knowledge creation in organizations and communities, (ii) to find structural relationships between knowledge generation and process networks and (iii) to examine the trust and norms-mediated interaction in the knowledge creation processes and the implications for organizational knowledge governance. As an exploratory study, this dissertation provides valuable evidence and theoretical framework for contextual influences on knowledge creation
Rivière, Xavier. "Les objets mathématiques dans la théorie platonicienne de la connaissance et de l'action." Thesis, Dijon, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016DIJOL019/document.
Full textThe knowledge implies a predisposition to the knowledge, that is the possibility of the relation between a (knowing) subject and a (knowable) object. On the other hand, there is an established fact, which is the knowledge which has de facto place : the common, ordinary, always incomplete knowledge, to which the man is continuously to have access or to be having access. The real knowledge – full and whole – is situated outside of this ordinary cognitive domain ; exteriority which implies a present indisposition to have access there. The mathematical knowledge is of the first order – and it is true eminently, in other words, at the same time, as better possible knowledge and as knowledge revealing, best, through its own incompletion, the incompletion of any accessible knowledge (whose it is constitutive or auxiliary). Of the second order, is the eidetic knowledge (knowledge of the Forms – eidê, ideai – otherwise called Ideas), which is the knowledge of the really real (ontôs on) (whose the object, in its grasp, can only sign the real reality of the knowledge itself). From her part, the mathematical knowledge leads, in its incompletion, the knowledge of its principle and element, that is the real unit (that is unique, inseparable and undifferentiated, and thus paradoxically unknowable, in what, it leads, itself, the order of the real knowledge, that is the eidetic order), unit supposed to find, in the geometrical order, its expression, as measure and element common to all the measurable (the extent) and, at the same time, to all the countable ; expression which does not miss to be problematic (aporetic), the size remaining, theoretically, indefinite, and any size being divisible in the infinity, in smaller sizes. So, is attested the fact that the present (ordinary) cognitive disposition is inevitably to be disposition to the real knowledge, in the fact that this one should be in particular knowledge of the principle, the principle which we think of finding indicated, at Plato, under the expression “principle of the line”, dynamic and active, specifically not mathematical principle, always previous to any determination (size) – and, at the same time, to any enumeration – whatsoever
Roche, Florentin. "Les niveaux psychologiques de Platon : une théorie de la connaissance d'après la cybernétique." Thesis, Lyon, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LYSE3038.
Full textThis research intends to demonstrate the existence of what we call "psychological levels" in Plato's philosophy, taking from the theory of logical types, formulated by B. Russel and A.N. Whitehead, then restyled by the anthropologist G. Bateson, inside the cybernetic movement. By "psychological levels", we mean psychic states of being in relation with reality under an analogical scheme. We defend the argument that Plato’s theory of Forms does not imply degrees of reality in the thing but a process of realization of the object in itself through the subject experiencing it. As such, psychological levels refer to levels of learning what is reality. Thus, the Socratic dialectical method accompanies the soul’s progress, driven by the intellect, thanks to reason which relates and distinguishes the sensible phenomena. This double function characterizes what language is and gives reason for the movement of thought. Succession and repetition of the adjustments made from the experience of the thing lead to a better definition of the Form of the object in itself, i.e. a clearer acquisition of the intelligible part of the thing that is passing through its sensible expression. Hence, Plato’s theory of knowledge stands like a process theory more than a content theory, by conducting the search for truth from the inner theatre of our representations, limited by a lifetime and the space of a body, to the spectacle of the infinite. Furthermore, since there is only one path in order to think what exists in reality, the psychological research into the causes of thyself necessarily fits in the philosophical research into the causes of the world — a cosmology
Grenier, Nathalie. "La vie de l'esprit chez saint Augustin pour une théorie de la connaissance." Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2000. http://savoirs.usherbrooke.ca/handle/11143/5198.
Full textMignon, Astrid. "Théorie de la valeur et connaissance évaluative dans la situation de première impression." Clermont-Ferrand 2, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001CLF20004.
Full textVincette, Pascale. "La théorie de la connaissance et de la certitude chez John Henry Newman." Paris 1, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA010515.
Full textRadonjic, Tatjana. "Marxisme et théorie de la connaissance : le travail de Marx, Engels et Lénine." Paris 10, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA100047.
Full textThis work traces the formation of a Marxist theory of knowledge through the works of Marx, Engels and Lenin. One of its principal themes is the comparison between the materialist theory of knowledge and the traditional epistemology (Kant, Hegel, the empiriciss). The first chapter ("first signs: idealism and materialism") analyses the work of young Marx - his critique of Hegel’s objective idealism and Feuerbach’s subjective materialism. In the second chapter we explain the specificity of the materialist dialectical method of Marx through its differences with that of Hegel (the text of the introduction of 1857 to the contribution), the dialectics of form in the capital which represents its contribution to epistemology, and the dialectic of Engels. Together these ideas clarify the fundamental and unsurmountable differences between Marxism and empiricism. A theory that has dominated the philosophy of science since the 18th century. Hence the title of the chapter: "materialism and empiricism". We conclude this work with an analysis of Lenin’s philosophical works ("gnoseology of reflection"). In its scientific and political context. By means of his work on the theory of knowledge Lenin creates a theoretical support for Marxism as well as a new way of philosophizing. In that last chapter, then, we witness a constitution of a theory of knowledge that is Marxist and materialist. Known under the name of the theory of reflection it allows us to understand historical materialism and dialectical materialism as a whole, and also to criticize all concepts from a materialist point of view, hence it permits Marxism to assimilate all materialist elements originating in any domain of knowledge. In order to accomplish its critical function Marxism necessitates a theory of knowledge
Chabout-Combaz, Babette. "La théorie de la connaissance historique de G.W. Leibniz : érudition, praxis et matérialité." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Paris Cité, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023UNIP7065.
Full textThis thesis aims to show the epistemological principles of Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz's schorlarly practices, that he have implemented as a "professional" historian. The work contains three parts. The first one discusses several ways to define the concept of history in Leibniz' thoughts: in the first chapter I justify the use of a practical and scholarly approach to define the leibnizian theory of historical knowledge, then in a second I explore how the historical knowledge is ordered and constituted in historical books; finally in a third one I distinguish between natural history and civil history and try to show what this one is. As God is the only "historian" capable of knowing the true causes of the "factual truths (vérités de fait)", the only thing a historian in his time can do, according to Leibniz, is to find and gather the marks of the past, to order them and show them as if they belong to a theatral scene through which the spectators can perceive the past events and things. As God is the only "historian" capable of knowing the true causes of the "factual truths (vérités de fait)", the only thing a historian in his time can do, according to Leibniz, is to find and gather the marks of the past, to order them and show them as if they belong to a theatral scene through which the spectators can perceive the past events and things. The second part deals with the historical works themselves and what makes them being good enough to belong to the disciplinary field of history. In a first chapter, I discuss the methodological principles of publishing history, and, in a second one, I cover how the paratext (preface, footnotes) of his more ambitious collection of historical sources, namely the Scriptores Rerum Brunsvicensium (1707-1711), justifies its content by staging a form of "critical art". What we see is that the sources are treated differently when edited by on the one hand Leibniz or Eckhart, who are historians, and on the other, by scribes, who have philological training firstly. Historians focus on the history of manuscripts transmission, testimonies, and events, with an approach both educational and erudite; whilst philologists focus on the "materiality" of texts and the history of language. Historical knowledge therefore is a collective knowledge. Finally in the third part I look at the birth of the Leibnizian "ars critica" involved in discriminating in artefacts and texts what is and isn't historical sources. Artefacts in that perspective are matter of new kinds of inquiry, and the question of their status is discussed, that is if they are "auxiliaries" of history or historical themselves
Baumard, Philippe. "Organisations déconcertées : les transformations de la connaissance dans la gestion de situations ambiguës." Paris 9, 1994. https://portail.bu.dauphine.fr/fileviewer/index.php?doc=1994PA090034.
Full textLinking firms' cognitive abilities to organizational forms, this ph. D. Dissertation investigates the role of knowledge when organizations face ambiguous situations. After a presentation of "disconcerted" organizations either by natural disasters, or by phenomenon that they themselves socially constructed (chapter i), we focus the literature review on various forms of knowledge including the conscious and unconscious, the tacit and explicit, and the individual and collective forms (chapter ii). Unveiling the richness of tacit knowledge and the wide range of its roles, we use a distinction introduced by Polanyi (1958) between "what we know and we cannot tell" (tacit knowledge) and knowledge we can declare (explicit knowledge). Using a second distinction derived from Durkheimian psychology between individual and social knowledge, we build a 2x2 matrix (Nonaka, 1990). Applying a multiple case studies research design (Miles, Hubermann, 1984) we see how four organizations in France, the USA and Australia, move around the matrix, successively appealing their tacit, individual, tacit collective and explicit-collective knowledge to escape ambiguity. Successful organizations deploy their knowledge on the three bases, switching promptly of knowledge base, in an antithetical process to counterbalance the lack of knowledge respectively in the tacit and explicit dimensions. The dissertation's contributions is a validation of organizational knowledge management as a key to learning and unlearning. Organizations that marry organic knowledge dynamics, and complex organizational dynamics are successful in escaping ambiguity.
Vulpe, Nicola Martin. "Apologies du savoir poétique." Paris 1, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA010556.
Full textThe value of poetry as a way of understanding and mastering the world remains as difficult to explain as it is to justify. This problem is due to the failure of theories of knowledge which have tended, especially in modern times, to separate truth from practice, if not from meaning as well. Set in that battlefield of values from which aesthetics is today inseparable, this dissertation is an apology, a defense of poetry. It is first of all a study of the evolution of poetry and of theories of knowledge which have served to affirm or to deny the truth-value of poetical knowing. The greater part of this thesis comprises, hence, studies of specific literary works (Gilgamesh, the works of Aeschylus, Sophocles, Dante, Shakespeare, and the English neo-claccists) which help elucidate those questions which are particular to poetry. Various poetics and theories of knowledge, especially the epistemological discoveries of Karl Mannheim’s sociology of knowledge, are also examined in order to sketch an outline of a materialist and dialectical poetics which takes the poem as a specific mode of work which seizes in an object both the cognitive pro
Caulea, Cornel. "Croyance et connaissance dans la philosophie de Th. Reid." Paris 12, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA120051.
Full textThis work has three aims in view: to abstract the acceptations, the sources, the processes, the behaviour, the problems of belief and knowledge from Reid's theory of faculties and operations (perception, memory, conception, abstraction, judgment, reasoning, sense of beauty, principles of action); to show that Reid's philosophy is not only the foundationalist philosophy of cominon sense, of nativism and direct realism, but also a fallibilist, empiricist, rationalist philosophy, a potentially idealist philosophy and a partially sceptical philosophy with regard to the common or scientific possibility of truth; to use Reid's thought in order to give occupation to personal questionings concerning the ambiguous relations of belief and knowledge, of founda- tionalism and scepticism, of philosophers and common understanding, of science and metaphysics
Zine, Mohammed Chaouki. "Connaissance et dévoilement chez Ibn ʿArabī." Aix-Marseille 1, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004AIX10056.
Full textWozniak, Adrianna. "La théorie évolutive de la connaissance. La relation phylogénétique de la représentation à l'objet." Lyon 3, 2006. https://scd-resnum.univ-lyon3.fr/out/theses/2006_out_wozniak_a.pdf.
Full textDans ma thèse j'examine l'hypothèse affirmant qu'il existe des représentations synthétiques a priori (innées), non accessibles au contrôle du sujet (Représentations Acquises Phylogénétiquement, RAP), et que ces représentations proviennent de relations causales sélectives entre l'organisme et certains facteurs de l'environnement phylogénétique; la genèse adaptative des RAP leur procurerait le statut de connaissance. La validité de cette hypothèse est analysée à travers l'étude critique des concepts principaux de la Théorie Synthétique de l'Evolution, tels que le concept du gène, de la causalité génétique, de l'unité de sélection, de l'espèce ; le concept de l'information ; le concept de l'inné. J'examine des suppositions métaphysiques sous-tendant la pratique taxinomique. Enfin, j'introduis la Théorie Relativiste de l'Evolution, inspirée par la théorie du constructivisme évolutif (R. Lewontin) et par la théorie de la construction de niche (Niche Construction de J. Odling-Smee), rompant avec la modélisation externaliste de la relation environnement/organisme propre à la Théorie Synthétique de l'Evolution
Desbiens, Patrick. "Connaissance et société chez Norbert Elias : contribution à une théorie dialectique de la société." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/32806.
Full textLuglio, Davide. "Connaissance, rhétorique et science dans l'œuvre de Giambattista Vico." Paris 4, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA040202.
Full textDufour, Éric. "Connaissance et action : Nietzsche face à Kant." Paris 1, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995PA010645.
Full textThe nietzscheism contains a genealogy of knowledge. Philosophy has to think the constitution of a knowledge which is more important than scientific knowledge it interests the relation between the individual, whose unity is only nominal, and his proper body. Nietzsche want to describe the world as its been lived by, the thinking body, nietzsche's analysis put forward three kinds of representation : perception, imagination and conception, and joins the nominalism of the empirism. Knowledge is thought by nietsche as an ethic action : by this action, the man give a sens to a reality which has no sense. Knowledge is imposition of a sens, and no discovery of an essence. So nietzsche's philosophy cannot be a philosophy of life. Furthermore, we try to teach that this conception of knowledge is built in relation of kant's philosophy. Nietzsche knows very well the critique. All his effort is to pull out kant's philosophy. Nietzsche sets against the contents of critique of the pure reason, when he gives a new conceptual statute to the same notions, like appareance, phenomenon, perception. . . He sets against the presuppositions of the critique, when he shows that belief is not the contrary of knowledge, but the fondation of the knowledge. And he shows that the belief which grounds the knowledge is allavays moral belief. Then he recognizes that his proper discourse is interpretation : but he grounds the superiority of his discourse on the ethic choice to revalorise the phenomenal world
Robert, Aurélien. "Penser la substance : étude d'une question médiévale, XIIIe-XIVe siècles." Nantes, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005NANT3012.
Full textQuesne, Philippe. "Les recherches philosophiques de Heidegger : la méthode phénoménologique du jeune Heidegger (1919-1922)." Paris 10, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999PA100030.
Full textMichel, Alain. "Etude sur la constitution et les développements de la théorie moderne de l'intégration." Paris 1, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA010620.
Full textThis work deals with the history of mathematics and philosophical inquiry within this discipline. It consists firstly of history of integral theory. In the first part, we examine the major stages in the development of the theory since cauchy : the construction of the concept of definite integral in cauchy's works, riemannian theory, the improvement of the concept of content of a set by e. Borel, the theory of lebesque integral, the concept of stieltjes integral, the completion of the theory in the works of radon, f. Riesz, daniell, up to the more recent formulation of stone and bourbaki. The second part looks into developments of the theory in some fondamental fiels of modern analysis, especially the use of integral in the theory of lie groups (in the works of hurwitz, schur, h. Weyl), and the construction of an invariant measure in the structure of topological groups in the works of haar, a. Weil and pontrjagin, the use of the stieltjes-lebesgue concept in the spectral theory of hilbert, riesz and von neumann, up to the more recent theory of normed algebras, in wich all these theories finally take their place. This is the "algebraic theory of integration", developed by i. Segal in relation with von neumann algebras, with consequences for harmonic analysis or group representation tjeory. To complete the work, there are four appendices which either reconstruct the genesis of the major theories which are dealt with in the second part (invariant theory, lie groups, integral theory), or give precise formulation for certain notions (caracters and representations). The study is not however limited to a reconstitution of the stages of the genesis of the theory, as it appears in classical treatises, or as a tool for mathematicians or physicits. It offers besides an epistemological analysis of the status or relative scope of concepts and theories as they occur, and an inquiry into the meaning of the constitution of a mathematical theory. With the help of a study of the works of j. Cavailles, one proposesa few concepts that might be suitable for considering the conditions underlying the history of a mathematical theory. In this way, the object of the study is treated as a particulary rich example, on which to base suggestions for an inquiry into mathematical work in general
Worms, Frédéric. "Le problème de l'esprit : psychologie, théorie de la connaissance et métaphysique dans l'oeuvre de Bergson." Clermont-Ferrand 2, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995CLF20081.
Full textThis work presents an interpretation of Bergson's major books, which leads to an hypothesis concerning the unity of this thought as well as the requirements of a philosophy of mind in general the aim has been to take into account both the peculiarities of Bergson's philosophy, and the various problems of general interest which characterize his work and make its importance : problems in psychology (psychophysics, interpretation of spoken language, psychophysiology, sociology of religion, etc) theory of knowledge (foundation of objective knowledge, pragmatic theory of science etc), and metaphysics (dualism, freedom, etc). It is only through a careful and cursory reading of each biik that these aspects can be dealt with simultaneously, without losing their specificity. This reading, although made at differently detailed scales, reveals a common strucutre, and a few major problems, which may be those of any philosophy of mind
Barthélémy, Jean-Hugues. "Sens et connaissance, à partir et en-deçà de Simondon." Paris 7, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA070023.
Full textThe philosophical work of Gilbert Simondon (1924-1989) is still little known today. We aim to show his actuality for the rehabilitation of the "philosophy of Nature" (First Part) as in the field of "epistemology" (Second Part) and as "thought of technology" (Third Part). The topic of the interpretation of "quantum mechanics" pertains to a "genetic ontology" that, more or less explicitly, is meant to be a philosophy of "information", this notion being at the centre of a "notional reform" in philosophy. Moreover, since Simondon's wish for a "philosophical Relativity", coming in the wake of the "Copernician revolution", can refuse the Kantian distinction between information and reality only by paradoxically forcing the genetic ontology to be, itself, "relativized and refounded", the demonstration that informs the "polemical" orientation of our exegesis requires a reflection on "Meaning" (Introduction and Fourth Part) in which the "philosopher" himself experiences oneself as "generated by the meaning that he is operating". This is how the ambition, which is of prime importance for Simondon, to "subvert classical alternatives" can become more radical, in order to prepare its completion
Geoffroy, Marc. "Sources et origines de la théorie de l'Intellect d'Averroès." Paris, EPHE, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009EPHE5024.
Full textThis work studies the origin of exegesis of Aristotle's De anima in terms of sources available to the author in the first period of his philosophical activity at the time of writing his Compendia in the late fifties of the twelfth century. We show that most of these sources were not Aristotelian, but the philosopher rested, to study the Aristotelian doctrine of the soul, the works of Avempace (K. Al-nafs) and the Arabic versions of Alexander of Aphrodisias (De anima, De intellectu) and Themistius (In De an. ). Aristotle’s zoological works play an important role, we can establish that his De anima was not known directly of Averroes at the time. When he was subsequently to comment on this work, in his Paraphrase and in his great commentary, “Alexandro-bajjian” perspective inherited from the previous phase flowed back to the Aristotelian interpretation of the treatise. This was determined on the one hand, a naturalistic approach to the doctrine of the soul, where the forms are re-registered in the psychic broader hierarchy of forms of the universe, and also a design science of the soul that it is fully completed by the knowledge of the highest form of news of the human soul, where it is essentially identified with the intelligible separate also instantiated in the engines of the celestial spheres. With this in persepective what incrite in this work, the study of the theory of the unity of the potential intellect, Averroes and the question of the junction (ittiṣâl) with the separate intellects
Fedi, Laurent. "Le probleme de la connaissance dans la philosophie de charles renouvier." Paris 4, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997PA040247.
Full textThis study on charles renouvier's philosophy of knowledge shows a theory of relation which combines apriorism, finitism and phenomenalism and which endorses a moral and social plan for autonomy of subject. In rejecting absolute, infinite and substance, renouvier refutes some illusions that have traditionally dominated the metaphysics, and he presents a rule of rational thinking, a relative, immanent and individual principle of knowledge according to the law of contradiction. An enquiry within the field of renouvier's philosophy of mathematics examines the strategic aspects and some epistemological consequences of a connection between the finitism and the law of contradiction, especially in the question of kant's antinomies. In opposition to monism, the personnalism,which covers the last period, is preoccupied with the individuality of beings regarded as monads, or as synthesis of functions. The conclusion of this study includes a comparison between renouvier and cassirer
Dubois-Flynn, Geneviève. "L'originaire et l'activité de représentation : exposé critique de la théorie métapsychologique de Piera Aulagnier et comparaison avec la théorie cartésienne de la connaissance." Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/6595.
Full textMorel, Didier. "Du rapport au réel au rapport à l'autre : connaissance et valeur : essai d'anthropologie philosophique." Lille 3, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001LIL30019.
Full textDemange, Dominique. "Les Seconds analytiques au XIIIe siècle et la théorie de la connaissance de Jean Duns Scot." Paris, EPHE, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005EPHE5019.
Full textIn this thesis we consider the theory of scientific knowledge of the Franciscan philosopher John Duns Scotus (1265-1308). In the Middle-Ages, the most important source for the theory of scientific knowledge is the aristotelician treatise Posterior analytics. The first part of the thesis is devoted to the study of the interpretation of the Posterior analytics in the thirteenth century, by Robert Grosseteste (1168-1253), Albert The Great (1200-1280), Thomas Aquinas (1224-1274), Giles of Rome (1245-1316), Simon of Faversham (1260-1306) and John Duns Scotus. The second part of the thesis considers the foundations of Scotus theory of knowledge. The main purpose is to determine Scotus theories of experience and evidence. The concept of ‘object’ appears to be the center of Scotus theory of knowledge: all knowledge, all science is causally pre-contained (‘virtually included’) in an object. The theory of object is studied in its noetical aspects, its epistemological consequences, and its importance fir the theory of propositional truth is demonstrated. The third part of the thesis is devoted to Scotus doctrine of science: we consider the relations between logical and metaphysical sciences, the theory of subalternation, the division of the theoretical real sciences, and the question of the relations between metaphysics and theology. The first French translation of book VI of Scotus’s Questions in metaphysics, which includes important material on theory of science and truth, is given as an appendix of the thesis
Grosdanis, Christos. "René Girard et Milan Kundera : connaissance du roman." Paris 7, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA070031.
Full textThis study is about René Girard's and Milan Kundera's essays on the art of the novel. According to these two authors the novel is pre-eminently a source of knowledge. At the first, we attempted to grasp the way in which Kundera and Girard perceive the novel's gnoseological function, as being distinguished, opposed or supplementing to the knowledge within social sciences and philosophy. Secondly, we tried to clarify the prospects that such an idea offers to literary criticism. The dead ends of structuralism and the emergence of the cultural studies force criticism to redefine its own function as well as the function of literature itself. By studying the relations that Girard and Kundera maintain with the literary criticism of the second half of the 20th century, we tried to show that their work can contribute actively to the current debates