Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Théorie classique de la nucléation'
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Lauer, Andrew Robert. "Voies de nucléation classiques et non-classiques du sulfate de strontium : étude en milieux confinés et non-confinés." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Grenoble Alpes, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024GRALU009.
Full textClassically, solid nucleation is considered to be a stochastic process in which clusters of monomers randomly come together into solid a solid nucleus due to agitation or Brownian motion within a supercritical fluid. However, modern observations shed new light on alternative pathways via which nucleation reactions can occur, specifically via multi-step mechanisms with nano-scale intermediate species. Here, we explore the nucleation of strontium sulfate from aqueous solution within the framework of various nucleation theories. First, we propose the presence of an intermediate participating in the nucleation of celestine, and the concentration-dependent appearance of this non-classical nucleation pathway is discussed in terms of mesoscale nucleation theory. We also examine strontium sulfate hemihydrate, a relatively little-known transient phase that precedes the thermodynamically stable celestine under certain conditions. In situ Raman and XRD reveal that this phase is an independent mineral phase that, when present, dissolves before the nucleation of the stable celestine. The differences in the observed nucleation pathway of this hydrated phase and that of celestine reveals a possible mechanism for phase and polymorph selection during nucleation reactions. Finally, the influence of nanoconfinement on nucleation reactions in the Sr-SO4-H2O system is explored, providing further evidence for the existence of a nucleation intermediate and demonstrating the potential of counterdiffusion in porous media as a method to explore the fundamental nature of nucleation itself
Bossert, Marine. "Étude expérimentale de la cavitation dans les milieux mésoporeux." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022SORUS236.
Full textThis thesis presents an experimental study of cavitation in porous silicon and porous alumina, mesoporous materials which are both generally thought to be made of straight, independent pores, with a diameter of few tens of nanometers. In order for the pores to empty through cavitation, we developed a simple technique to reduce their aperture. In the first part of the thesis, we demonstrate that cavitation occurs in nanopores. In large pores (d > 10 nm) and over a wide temperature range the cavitation thresholds measured for nitrogen are consistent with predictions from Classical Nucleation Theory (CNT). Far from the critical point, we observe a deviation of the order of 20% between the measured and theoretical thresholds. This deviation can be interpreted in the CNT framework by taking into account the surface tension dependence with the curvature of the bubbles. For materials with small pores - such as SBA16 (d ≈ 6 nm) - the cavitation threshold depends on the ratio between the radii of the critical nuclei and the pore, illustrating the presence of interactions between the bubble and the pore walls. The second part of the thesis is dedicated to porous silicon. Systematic measurements of adsorption isotherms with nitrogen and helium over a wide range of temperature in numerous samples suggest that the structure of porous silicon looks more like a disordered and interconnected 3D pore network than an array of straight independent pores. Moreover, sorption measurements on samples under an external stress show that the coupling between mechanics and adsorption is negligible
Govin, Mike. "Méthodes KAM en mécanique quantique et classique." Dijon, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997DIJOS020.
Full textTerpereau, Ronan. "Schémas de Hilbert invariants et théorie classique des invariants." Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00748952.
Full textIbn, el Farouk Abdelhamid. "Le système verbal de l'arabe classique, théorie et description." Paris 5, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA05H102.
Full textOur research, entitled the classical Arabic’s verbal system, theory and description, endeavors to present a functional grammar of classical Arabic’s verbal system. We have managed to distinguish two fundamental classes. The first his three verbal determinants, the future, the potential, and the past, whereas the second only has the perfect. We have also tried to reveal that word order and agreement between subject and personal pronoun operate as functional markers ; thus putting into question the existence of a case system in classical Arabic
Perez, Cortes Sergio. "La désagregation d'une théorie : le cas de l'économie politique classique." Paris 1, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA010612.
Full textZouania, Barry. "L'économie du contrat : essai d'une théorie néo-classique du contrat." Toulouse 1, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007TOU10044.
Full textMaillet, Jean-Michel. "Structures algébriques et intégrabilité en théorie classique et quantique des champs." Paris 6, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986PA066124.
Full textGeoffroy, Guillaume. "Réalisabilité classique : nouveaux outils et applications." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019AIXM0099/document.
Full textJean-Louis Krivine's classical realizability defines, from any given model of computation and any given model of set theory, a new model of set theory called the realizability model, in a similar way to forcing. Each realizability model is equipped with a characteristic Boolean algebra $\gimel 2$ (gimel 2), whose structure encodes important information about the properties of the realizability model. For instance, forcing models are precisely the realizability models in which $\gimel 2$ is the Boolean algebra with to elements.This document defines new tools for studying realizability models and exploits them to derive new results. One such result is that, as far as first-order logic is concerned, the theory of Boolean algebras with at least two elements is complete for $\gimel 2$, meaning that for each Boolean algebra B (with at least two elements), there exists a realizability model in which $\gimel 2$ is elementarily equivalent to B. Next, two results show that $\gimel 2$ can be used as a tool to study denotational models of programming languages (each one of them takes a particular denotational model and classifies its degrees of parallelism using $\gimel 2$). Moving to set theory, another results generalizes Jean-Louis Krivine's technique of realizing the axiom of dependant choices using the instruction quote to higher forms of choice. Finally, a last result, which is joint work with Laura Fontanella, complements the previous one by adapting the countable antichain condition from forcing to classical realizability, which seems to open a new, promising approach to the problem of realizing the full axiom of choice
Detcherry, Renaud. "Analyse semi-classique des opérateurs courbes en TQFT." Thesis, Paris 6, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA066252/document.
Full textIn this thesis we study the asymptotics of some invariants of 3-manifolds, known as "quantum invariants" which were defined by Witten, Reshetikhin and Turaev. These invariants are part of a TQFT structure, that is a monoidal functor for a category of cobordism to the category of complex vector spaces. In this setting, curves on surfaces induce endomorphisms of TQFT vector spaces, called curve operators, which are one of the main object in our study. All these invariants depend of an integer parameter r, and we are interested in their behavior when r tends to infinity. We can then see that quantum invariants are related to more geometric objects, like the moduli space of conjugacy classes of SU2 representations of the fundamental group of a surface. The thesis is divided in 3 parts: in the first one we introduce the notion of TQFT and the Witten-Reshetikhin-Turaev invariants, then we give basic properties of the SU2-moduli spaces and explain the general approach of geometric quantification. In the second one we present a result on the asymptotics of matrix coefficients of curve operators. Using skein calculus and a theorem of Bullock, we express the first two terms of their expansion in terms of trace functions on the SU2-moduli space associated to multicurves. The final part gives an asymptotic expansion of matrix coefficents of quantum representations. A geometric model for TQFT vector spaces is defined, and we show that curve operators can be seen as Toeplitz operators in this model. Standard tools of semi-classical analysis allow us to deduce the result from this
Roubert, Benoît. "Approche semi-classique de l'information quantique." Toulouse 3, 2010. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/1123/.
Full textToday, a large community of scientists is working to make possible the achievement of a quantum computer, a machine that can offer at least in theory (and especially for problems whose complexity grows exponentially with the size of the system) a degree of performance inaccessible to its classical counterpart. This thesis is looking at the possibility of producing a semi-classical approach of quantum information in two areas of interest: the cloning of a qubit, and the amplification of spin in spin chains. In the first part of this thesis is studied the role of interference in quantum cloners. We study in particular the case of cloners without interference (as defined, in the thesis) that turned out to be an intermediary case (that can be qualified of semi-classical) between purely quantum cloners (which propagate coherences and probabilities of density matrices) and classical cloners (which carry only the probabilities). In the second part, the phenomenon of amplification is studied in spin chains, which allows to amplify the state of a unique spin in a state of polarization of the entire chain, problem for which the semi-classical approach (valid because of the large number of spins) is used to show the unexpectedly important role played by the edge effects in these kind of systems
Bomble, Laëtitia. "Contrôle de la dynamique de systèmes complexes : Application à l'information quantique et classique." Paris 11, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA112087.
Full textThis thesis is dedicated to the study and research of new ways of implementing and manipulating information on quantum systems. On such systems, the usual (classical) logic can be used, improving size and duration, or a new logic (quantum) using quantum properties of this systems can be developed allowing new logic operations. The systems used are here eigen states of molecules. In the order of mapped information in such systems, we need to be able to manipulate their dynamics, here we use a laser field designed to make a determined transformation on the molecule (pi-pulse or STIRAP pulses designed by genetic algorithms or pulses generated by optimal control). The goal of this thesis was to search quantum systems among the molecules to be used as candidates for classical and quantum computation and to modelize on them logic gates with various implementations and ways of control. On the classical computation aspect, a simulation of a full adder by a STIRAP process on sulfur dioxide has been made and so a realization of a classical gate on a quantum system has been proposed. On the quantum computation aspect, some circuits has been implemented by vibrational computing on bromoacetyl chloride on nitrous acid and on thiophosgene controlled by optimal control. The utilization on a network of ultra-cold trapped diatomic molecules coupled by dipolar interaction has also been studied
Caporali, Cordeiro Renato. "Vers une théorie de la richesse sociale : une relecture de l'économie classique." Paris, EHESS, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992EHES0028.
Full textAt the dawn of the economic thought, the notion of wealth was essential. It embraced at the same time the object and the objective of political economy. All along the historical evolution of this science, however, the problem of wealth gradually gave way to that of exchange value: the question of the origin, nature and implications of objects of use that constituted the private and social consumption over the reproduction of this wealth was replaced by the question of the exchange relationship established among private agents or between social classes. This transition may be legitimate, but the problem dwells in implicit or explicit identification -- which does not bear a critical examination -- between the notions of wealth and value. This thesis focuses again on the problems that can be raised through a reading of classic economists at the light of certain themes of contemporary political ecology. In each chapter we shall approach the main aspects of that which we propose calling <>. Wealth being defined as the goods for social consumption, nature considered as the frame, the basis and the limits of wealth, the importance of social behaviour, and the identification of the peculiar traits presents in the problem of wealth in relation to that of value (the theories of exchange value)
Garay, Mauricio D. "Théorie classique et legendrienne des aplatissements évanescents des courbes planes et spatiales." Paris 7, 2001. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00001243.
Full textGARAY, Mauricio. "Théorie classique et legendrienne des points d'aplatissement évanescents des courbes planes et spatiales." Phd thesis, Université Paris-Diderot - Paris VII, 2001. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00001243.
Full textNekroumi, Mohammed. "L'interrogation : essai d'une théorie syntaxique et pragmatique à partir d'un corpus d'arabe classique." Aix-Marseille 1, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993AIX10042.
Full textBrassart, Matthieu. "Limite semi-classique de transformées de Wigner dans des milieux périodiques ou aléatoires." Nice, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002NICE5751.
Full textThis thesis is concerned with the homogenization (or semi-classical limit) of various Wigner transforms associated to bounded sequences which solve a Schr"odinger equation or a first order linear hyperbolic system. Transport equations are derived for the limiting Wigner measure when a small parameter goes to zero. A first part describes the general properties of Wigner transforms and recalls their links to pseudo-differential calculus. A second part studies the perturbation of periodic hamiltonians by regular aperiodic potentials by means of commutation estimates concerning Bloch decompositions. A third part studies in the weak coupling limit a class of random media which are chaotically governed by reversible dynamics but statistically governed by irreversible dynamics of Boltzmann's type. Using the Wigner formalism a fourth part clarifies a known result of existence-unicity for the BBGKY infinite hierarchy of Schr"odinger problem with N particles, when N goes to infinity, in the mean field approximation
Lageste, Christian. "La théorie des cycles politiques dans l'antiquité gréco-romaine." Aix-Marseille 3, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006AIX32015.
Full textThe theory of political cycles as a orderly, regular and repetitive succession of forms of governments that appears for the first time with Plato is a methodical synthesis between the greek cities governments' historical evolution, the different aspects of the presocratic conceptions of time and the typology of constitutional forms. Plato elaborates the first theory that combines both determinist and transformist conceptions of history through a juridical and moral, material and psychological approach of the unavoidable political change. With Aristotle, the theory becomes empirical and concerns the whole institutional history of the greek cities. He gives up the strict determinism of the platonism in order to understand the causality of political change. With Polybius at Rome, the theory becomes more complete to explain the natural laws of constitutional evolution of cities as Rome or Carthage, the superiority and the durability of the roman mixed constitution even if it will degenerate too, as every political bodies, political decadence on which every jurists, poets, historians will take care through ideas of Roman eternity, moral corruption, cyclical reappearance of golden age. Cicero after Polybius links the political cycle with the mixed constitution. His approach is eclectic and his conception of the political cycle is the last of the Antiquity, even if it will be used by Augustus to proclaim the restoration of the Republic. Under the Empire, the theory suffers from several mutations and disappears, replaced by poetical, historical, philosophical and cosmological cyclic conceptions of time and roman evolution attacked by christian thinkers who accept nevertheless some aspects of the pagan cyclical view of time. Never directly attacked in its strictly political or constitutional version, the theory of political cycles has been accepted as a common place by the most important political thinkers of the pagan Antiquity in order to definite a political temporality and the laws of constitutional change and becoming of the greek and roman cities. It finally represents a general reflection about the laws of birth, growth, decline and death of the constitutional organizations through juridical and political process based on the laws of history and the search of the best government, and an important contribution to the understanding of the links between the history of institutions and the history of political ideas
Raţiu, Dan-Eugen. "Peinture et théorie de l'art au XVIIe siècle : Nicolas Poussin et la doctrine classique." Paris 1, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA010578.
Full textBarrois, Louis. "Empirisme et dynamique classique dans la théorie du champ électromagnétique de J. Clerk Maxwell." Paris 4, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993PA040114.
Full textIn order to build the second great synthesis of classical physics around 1865, Maxwell borrowed Ampere's interaction pattern, the hypothesis of currents in magnets and the solenoidal equation. In Faraday he found extensive empirical contents concerning dielectrics and induction, as well as the idea of the field associated to an action by degrees. The extension and formalization of these concepts is firstly carried out using mechanical models as supports then by introducing the displacement current. Lacking precise knowledge of dielectrics, this hypothesis was intended to enable light to be expressed as an electromagnetic wave. Recourse to the Lagrange’s dynamics stabilizes the intuitions. The electromagnetic interpretation of the interaction between two circuits enables mechanical effects to be deduced from electromagnetic effects. Maxwell’s epistemology shows traces of this path which arrives at a new theoretical term, i. E. The field associated with a system of equations. This theoretical term leaves off where Einstein’s research starts
Planat, Mathieu. "Aspects dynamiques des courants autour de la transition quantique-classique." Strasbourg, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011STRA6166.
Full textThis thesis is about the quantum to classical crossover. More specifically, this work is motivated by the derivation of classical electromagnetism from the underlying quantum electrodynamics using the theory of decoherence. To achieve this goal, the use of a framework allowing mixed states for observables is needed in order to take into account the effects of an environment. Observables and phenomena are described here by means of Green's functions. Expectation values of the electromagnetic field and of the electric currents are introduced at space-time resolution which belongs to the quantum domain. These quantities are defined by initial values: they obey retarded equations of motion which can be derived from an action principle and which are obtained at one-loop order. These relations bring in the polarizability of an environment of charges which is studied in vaccuo as well as at finite temperature and density. Finally, decoherence of the electromagnetic field is established by a perturbative calculation of the reduced density matrix for this field. At the microscopic scale, consistency depends on histories which define short life-time collective excitations: this is the mark of a strongly dissipative situation which is necessary if one wants to establish a classical regime within the framework of decoherence
Suárez, Jaime. "Etude comparative classique/quantique des collisions atomiques dans les plasmas de fusion thermonucléaire." Bordeaux 1, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005BOR12981.
Full textRouhling, Damien. "Outils pour la formalisation en analyse classique : une étude de cas en théorie du contrôle." Thesis, Université Côte d'Azur (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019AZUR4058.
Full textIn this thesis, we put a library for analysis in the Coq proof assistant to the test through a case study in control theory. We formalise a proof of stability for the inverted pendulum, a standard example in control theory. Controlling the inverted pendulum is challenging because of its non-linearity, so that this system is often used as a benchmark for new control techniques. Through this case study, we identify issues in the tools that are currently available for the formalisation of classical analysis and we develop new ones in order to achieve our formalisation goal. In particular, we try to imitate the pen-and-paper proof style thanks to new notations and inference mechanisms. This is an essential step to make formal proofs more accessible to mathematicians. We then develop a new library for classical analysis in Coq that integrates these new tools and tries to palliate the limitations of the library we tested, especially in the domain of asymptotic reasoning. We also experiment with this new library on the same formal proof and draw lessons on its strengths and weaknesses. Finally, we sketch a new methodology in order to address the limitations of our library in the particular domain of computation. We exploit a technique called refinement to refactor the methodology of proof by reflection, a technique that automates proofs through computation and also reduces the size of proof terms. We implement this methodology on the example of arithmetic reasoning in rings and discuss how this work could be used to generalise existing tools
Payet, Jimmy. "États fondamentaux dans l'approximation quasi-classique pour des modèles d'électrodynamique quantique non relativiste." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lorraine, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023LORR0045.
Full textIn this thesis, we study quantum field theory models that describe the interactions between a non-relativistic particle and a quantized radiation field. In particular, we focus on the minimization of the quasi-classical energy of the considered models, i.e. the energy of the system when the field is in a coherent state. A first result concerns the Spin-boson model. It is a simple (but non-trivial) model where the non-relativistic particle is described by a finite dimensional system and is linearly coupled to a quantized scalar field. We obtain an explicit expression for the quasi-classical ground state energy and the set of minimizers for this model, for any values of the coupling constant. We also prove that the set of minimizers is trivial when the coupling constant is below a critical value. We also obtain the existence of a ground state for the energy when the field is in a superposition of two coherent states.Next, we consider models where the non-relativistic particle is described by a Schrödinger operator. In the case where the coupling between the particle and the field is linear in the creation and annihilation operators (Nelson model, polaron model for instance), we show the existence and uniqueness of a quasi-classical ground state associated with the quasi-classical energy, up to a phase symmetry. We consider a general external potential, either bindind or confining, and do not impose an ultraviolet cutoff in the definition of the energy functional. Then, we obtain an asymptotic expansion of the quasi-classical ground state energy as the coupling parameter goes to 0. Finally, by making the energy depend on the ultraviolet parameter, we prove that the ground states and associated ground state energies converge in the ultraviolet limit. In the case of the standard model of non-relativistic quantum electrodynamics with a spin, under similar assumptions, we show the existence of a quasi-classical ground state. We also obtain an asymptotic expansion as the coupling parameter tends to 0 and the convergence of the ground state energies in the ultraviolet limit
Cormier, Olivier. "Résolution des équations différentielles linéaires d'ordre 4 et 5 : application à la théorie de Galois classique." Rennes 1, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001REN10048.
Full textCarmier, Pierre. "Une étude semi-classique du magnéto-transport dans les jonctions n-p de graphène." Paris 11, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA112039.
Full textThis thesis deals with electronic transport in graphene n-p junctions in the quantum Hall regime. The kind of transport featured in this configuration is different from what is commonly known in standard two-dimensional electron gases. Indeed, graphene's unusual band structure causes both a significant increase in the likeliness of inter-band tunneling via the Klein paradox and an anomalous quantum Hall effect. I start by developping a semiclassical formalism which takes into account the pseudo-relativistic nature of charge carriers in graphene. The central mathematical tool of this formalism is a semiclassical approximation to the single particle Green's function. Along the way, I comment on a particular phase contribution arising in the Green's function in graphene, and show it must be distinguished from a Berry phase which is commonly referred to in this context. The semiclassical Green's function is then put to use to study magnetotransport through a n-p junction in a graphene nanoribbon. In the magnetic regime (E < B), I show the conductance of excited states is essentially zero, while that of the ground state depends on the boundary conditions considered at the edge of the ribbon. In the electric regime (E > B), for a step-like electrostatic potential (abrupt on the scale of the magnetic length), I derive a semiclassical expression for the conductance based on the framework introduced by Fisher and Lee and generalized by Baranger and Stone. Behavior of the conductance is discussed and compared to what Williams, DiCarlo and Marcus observed experimentally at Harvard in 2007
Novakovic, Novak. "Sémantique algébrique des ressources pour la logique classique." Thesis, Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011INPL075N/document.
Full textThe general theme of this thesis is the exploitation of the fruitful interaction between denotational semantics and syntax. Satisfying semantics have been discovered for proofs in intuitionistic and certain linear logics, but for the classical case, solving the problem is notoriously difficult.This work begins with investigations of concrete interpretations of classical proofs in the category of posets and bimodules, resulting in the definition of meaningful invariants of proofs. Then, generalizing this concrete semantics, classical proofs are interpreted in a free symmetric compact closed category where each object is endowed with the structure of a Frobenius algebra. The generalization paves a way for a theory of proof nets for classical proofs. Correctness, cut elimination and the issue of full completeness are addressed through natural order enrichments defined on the Frobenius category, yielding a category with cut elimination and a concept of resources in classical logic. Revisiting our initial concrete semantics, we show we have a faithful representation of the Frobenius category in the category of posets and bimodules
Lengrand, Stéphane. "Normalisation & Equivalence en Théorie de la Démonstration & Théorie des Types." Phd thesis, Université Paris-Diderot - Paris VII, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00134646.
Full textLa première partie est intitulée Termes de Preuve pour la Logique Intuitioniste Implicationnelle, avec des contributions en déduction naturelle et calcul des séquents, normalisation et élimination des coupures, sémantiques en appel par nom et par valeur. En particulier elle introduit des calculs de termes de preuve pour le calcul des séquents depth-bounded G4 et la déduction naturelle multiplicative. Cette dernière donne lieu à un calcul de substitutions explicites avec affaiblissements et contractions, qui raffine la beta-réduction.
La deuxième partie, intitulée Théorie des Types en Calcul des Séquents, développe une théorie des Pure Type Sequent Calculi, équivalents aux Systèmes de Types Purs mais mieux adaptés à la recherche de preuve.
La troisième partie, intitulée Vers la Logique Classique, étudie des approches à la Théorie des Types classique. Elle développe un calcul des séquents pour une version classique du Système Fomega. Une approche à la question de l'équivalence de preuves classiques consiste à calculer les représentants canoniques de preuves équivalentes dans le cadre du Calcul des Structures.
Ayyadi, Asma El. "Couplage des modèles classique-quantique. Simulation de la diode à effet tunnel." Toulouse, INSA, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002ISAT0026.
Full textThe principal objective of this work of thesis is to deal with the problem of coupling macroscopic fluid models (namely the Drift-Diffusion model) with quantum models (namely the Schrödinger equation) for those semiconductor devices where quantum effects play an important role only in a (small) portion of the domain. The hybrid classic-quantum models derived here are then coupled self-consistently with Poisson equation on the whole domain. The starting point for deducing the interface conditions is the kinetic-quantum coupling studied by Ben Abdallah ('98). The interface conditions are obtained with a diffusion limiting process. Second order interface conditions incorporating kinetic boundary layer corrections are derived. Two analytical formulae for the extrapolation coefficient appearing in the second order interface conditions, are proposed : the first one is based on the approximation of the albedo operator and the second one is an iteration procedure first introduced by Golse-Klar ('95). Resonant tunnelling diodes are simulated for two test cases of the results of the literature and the model shows good performance. Chapter 3 contains the extension of the results of the previous chapter to the case of Fermi-Dirac statistics and it follows the same structure. In the chapter 4 collisions are included in the quantum model via the Pauli equation. Appropriate interface conditions are deduced. Chapter 5 deals with the time dependant case with Boltzmann statistics
Raffaelli, Bernard. "Analyse semi-classique des phénomènes de résonance et d’absorption par des trous noirs." Corte, 2011. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00653074.
Full textBeyond the mathematical definition of a black hole as a solution of Einstein equations in vacuum, there are some observational clues, as pointed out by Kip Thorne, from the first observation of the binary system Cygnus X1 to recent assumptions related to the presence of hypothetical supermassive black holes in the center of various galaxies, concerning their existence in our Universe and consequently encouraging their study. In physics, it is wellknown that in order to obtain information on interactions between fundamental particles, atoms, molecules, etc…, and on the structure of composite objects, we have to make collision experiments or, more precisely, scattering experiments. This is precisely the aim of this work. Indeed, studying how a black hole can interact with its environment, we should obtain fundamental information about those “invisible objects”. This work is also useful to understand the kind of signals one could detect by the future gravitational waves astronomy devices. This thesis is mainly focused on resonance and absorption phenomena by black holes. The originality of this study is about the use of a semiclassical method known as the “complex angular momentum theory”, which brings concepts like S matrix, Regge poles techniques, into high energy black hole physics as suggested implicitly by Chandrasekhar in the middle of the seventies. This approach allows us to have simple and quite intuitive physical interpretations of resonance and absorption phenomena related to the scattering of a scalar, massive or not, field by black holes
Novakovic, Novak. "Sémantique algébrique des ressources pour la logique classique." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011INPL075N.
Full textThe general theme of this thesis is the exploitation of the fruitful interaction between denotational semantics and syntax. Satisfying semantics have been discovered for proofs in intuitionistic and certain linear logics, but for the classical case, solving the problem is notoriously difficult.This work begins with investigations of concrete interpretations of classical proofs in the category of posets and bimodules, resulting in the definition of meaningful invariants of proofs. Then, generalizing this concrete semantics, classical proofs are interpreted in a free symmetric compact closed category where each object is endowed with the structure of a Frobenius algebra. The generalization paves a way for a theory of proof nets for classical proofs. Correctness, cut elimination and the issue of full completeness are addressed through natural order enrichments defined on the Frobenius category, yielding a category with cut elimination and a concept of resources in classical logic. Revisiting our initial concrete semantics, we show we have a faithful representation of the Frobenius category in the category of posets and bimodules
Nikseresht, Iraj. "La physique quantique au regard de la physique classique et de la physique dans l'Antiquité." Paris 1, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA010520.
Full textVinet, Loïc. "Approche semi-classique de la physique des ions lourds aux énergies intermédiaires." Paris 11, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986PA112199.
Full textThe study of heavy ion collisions at intermediate energies (10 to 100 MeV/A), can be undertaken by a semi-classical approach: the nuclear Vlasov equation. It is possible to decompose the one body distribution function over a suitable coherent state basis for dynamical studies. This method is applied for colliding slabs, and the results are compared with those of TDHF. With imposed spherica1 symmetry, the isoscalar monopole resonance, evaporation, formation of bubble nuclei and total evaporation, are obtained. The extension to three dimensions and to the Landau-Vlasov equation through the residual interaction included in the Uehling-Uhlenbeck collision term permits a general study of the dynamical instability of highly excited nuclei. The application to heavy ion collisions gives a description of bath the main mechanisms of reaction, and the ineffective fusion for the system 40Ar (35 MeV/A) + 27Al. Alpha particle multiplicities in correlation with evaporated residues in the experience 40Ar (27 MeV/A) +27Al, have been extracted. From theoretical results, different scenario are proposed (entrance channel limitation and exit channel disintegration), in order to explain the disappearance of the fusion component observed for this system at energies above 32 MeV/A
Khuat-Duy, David. "Formule des traces semi-classique pour une énergie critique et construction de quasi-modes à l'aide d'états cohérents." Paris 9, 1996. https://portail.bu.dauphine.fr/fileviewer/index.php?doc=1996PA090045.
Full textErreygers, Guido. "Terre, rente et choix de techniques : une étude sur la théorie néo-ricardienne." Paris 10, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990PA100076.
Full textThe thesis concerns the position of non-reproducible natural resources (in short : 'lands') within the neo-ricardian theory. The aim is exclusively theoretical, namely to examine whether the integration of land into the neo-ricardian theory is done in a coherent way, and to determine the effects of their presence on certain aspects of the theory. The first part deals with an analysis of the theories of rent of the three most important writers of classical political economy (Smith, Ricardo, Marx). In the second part, the theory of rent of Piero Sraffa, the principle point of reference of neo-ricardian conomics, is presented, criticized and amended. In the third part, Sraffa’s narrow point of view is abandoned, and the effects of the presence of land on the choice of techniques are analysed. The most important result of the thesis is the demonstration of a new theorem on the uniqueness of cost-minimizing techniques in the presence of land
Gilles, Joël. "Pour une théorie du paysage au XVIIème et au XVIIIème siècles en France." Paris 1, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993PA010504.
Full textIn order to discuss the landscape as a form of painting, it is essential to block out notions concerning imitation as such or concerning the fact that the object to be painted is one view or another of the countryside; the main point is that the landscape is a specific practice of painting and a specific pictorial conceptualisation which goes well beyond the traditional category called "landscape painting". The landscape is not simply a kind of painting but on a broader level - and on a less easily defined one - an esthetic category. The project here is to show how, in its own area of exploration, landscape painting, perhaps more than any other, points to the genesis of modern esthetics in the affirmation of the creative act rather than imitation. Not by following the history of landscape painting in its diversified descriptions and typology : heroic, rural scenes, historical scenes etc. - but by delineating the place which has been assigned to the landscape in the system of the arts
Ben-Kiran, Taoufiq. "Étude d'un problème de perturbation singulière elliptique non classique." Nancy 1, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989NAN10040.
Full textNegra, Sourour. "Estimation semi-classique du courant quantique en présence d'un grand champ magnétique variable." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00286992.
Full textGaillard, Cécile. "Cinétique de formation de l'hydrate de méthane dans une boucle de laboratoire." Toulouse, INPT, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996INPT028G.
Full textGaudillière, Alexandre. "Fuga dalla metastabililità per dinamiche stocastiche conservative." Paris 11, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA112187.
Full textWe study the escape from metastability for a gas of particles evolving under the conservative Kawasaki dynamics, at low tempure and inside a two-dimensional box with exponentially large volune in the inverse temperature. We first describe the typical trajectories followed by the system, in the local version of the model, along the first transition between metastability and stability. Then we prove a property of planar random walks which allows to extend the results obtained for the local version of the model to the original Kawaski dynamics. We give a lower bound for the non-collision probability before a long time T for a system of n random walks with fixed obstacles. By ‘collision' we mean collision with the fixed obstacles as well as collision between the particles themselves. On the basis of these results we can predict the main features of the escape from metastability for the original Kawasaki dynamics
Rosell, Olivier. "Répartition du revenu et reproduction du capital : une approche classique." Thesis, Paris 10, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA100182.
Full textThe dissertation shows that contemporary classical theory relies on two representations of the idea of ‘wages’. Those representations depend on the way labour is valued. If wages are the result of a struggle for added value, they are seen as exogenous. On the other hand, if wages are the result of competition in labour markets, they are seen as endogenous. The classical theory, which is based on Ricardo and Torrens’ seminal works allows to understand: 1) the distribution of added value, and its effects on relative prices in economies both in equilibrium and disequilibrium, 2) the position of wage-earners in the processes of production and exchange, 3) the source of profits defined as compensation of specifically capitalist practice. Chapter I discusses Torrens’ contribution to the classical idea of exogenous wages. Chapter II presents Torrens’ theory of prices. This theory is then used in chapter III to analyse the relationships between distribution variables and relative prices in economies in equilibrium or in disequilibrium. Chapter IV focuses on the distribution of final goods among wage earners and capitalists. The last chapter (V) underlines the main features of Torrens’ theory of wages. In comparison with Sraffa’s work, this theory proposes first that real wages are fixed on labour market, and then that the rate of profit can be defined as a surplus labour, but not as an unpaid labour
Miquey, Étienne. "Réalisabilité classique et effets de bord." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017USPCC031/document.
Full textThis thesis focuses on the computational content of classical proofs, and specifically on proofs with side-effects and Krivine classical realizability. The manuscript is divided in three parts, the first of which consists of a detailed introduction to the concepts used in the sequel.The second part deals with the computational content of the axiom of dependent choice in classical logic. This works is in the continuity of the system dPAω developed Hugo Herbelin. This calculus allows us to adapt the constructive proof of the axiom of choice in Martin-Löf's type theory in order to turn it into a constructive proof of the axiom of dependent choice in a setting compatible with classical logic. The principal goal of this part is to prove the property of normalization for dPAω, on which relies the consistency of the system. Such a proof is hard to obtain, due to the simultaneous presence of dependent types (for the constructive part of the choice), of control operators (for classical logic), of co-inductive objects (in order to "encode" functions of type N → A as streams (a₀,a₁,...)) and of lazy evaluation with sharing (for this co-inductive objects). These difficulties are first studied separately. In particular, we prove the normalization of classical call-by-need (presented as an extension of the λµ̃µ-calculus with shared environments) by means of realizability techniques. Next, we develop a classical sequent calculus with dependent types, defined again as an adaptation of the λµ̃µ-calculus, whose soundness is proved thanks to a CPS translation which takes the dependencies into account. Last, a sequent-calculus variant of dPAω is introduced, combining the two previous systems. Its normalization is finally proved using realizability techniques. The last part, more oriented towards semantics, studies the duality between the call-by-name and the call-by-value evaluation strategies in a purely algebraic setting, inspired from several works around classical realizability (and in particular Krivine realizability algebras). This work relies on the notion of implicative algebras developed by Alexandre Miquel, a very simple algebraic structure generalizing at the same time complete Boolean algebras and Krivine realizability algebras, in such a way that it allows us to express in a same setting the theory of forcing (in the sense of Cohen) and the theory of classical realizability (in the sense of Krivine). The main default of these structures is that they are deeply oriented towards the λ-calculus, and that they only allows to faithfully interpret languages in call-by-name. To remediate the situation, we introduce two variants of implicative algebras: disjunctive algebras, centered on the "par" connective of linear logic (but in a non-linear framework) and naturally adapted to languages in call-by-name; and conjunctives algebras, centered on the "tensor" connective of linear logic and adapted to languages in call-by-value. Amongst other things, we prove that disjunctive algebras are particular cases of implicative algebras and that conjunctive algebras can be obtained from disjunctive algebras (by reversing the underlying order). Moreover, we show how to interpret in these frameworks the fragments of Guillaume Munch-Maccagnoni's system L corresponding to a call-by-value calculus (within conjunctive algebras) and to a call-by-name calculus (within disjunctive algebras)
Gnandou, Ide. "La théorie des anticipations rationnelles et la nouvelle macroéconomie classique : portée, sens et signification pour l'analyse économique avec une étude de comportements économiques au Niger." Paris 9, 1989. https://portail.bu.dauphine.fr/fileviewer/index.php?doc=1989PA090018.
Full textRaffaelli, Bernard. "Analyse semi-classique des phénomènes de résonance et d'absorption par des trous noirs." Phd thesis, Université Pascal Paoli, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00653074.
Full textPoulain, d. andecy Loic. "Algèbres de Hecke cyclotomiques : représentations, fusion et limite classique." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012AIXM4036/document.
Full textAn inductive approach to the representation theory of the chain of the cyclotomic Hecke algebras of type G(m,1,n) is developed. This approach relies on the study of the spectrum of a maximal commutative family formed by the analogues of the Jucys--Murphy elements.The irreducible representations, labelled by the multi-partitions, are constructed with the help of a new associative algebra, whose underlying vector space is the tensor product of the cyclotomic Hecke algebra with the free associative algebra generated by the standard multi-tableaux.The analogue of this approach is presented for the classical limit, that is for the chain of complex reflection groups of type G(m,1,n).In a second part, a basis of the cyclotomic Hecke algebras is given and the flatness of the deformation is proved without using the representation theory. These results are extended to the affine Hecke algebras of type A.Then a fusion procedure is presented for the complex reflection groups and the cyclotomic Hecke algebras of type G(m,1,n). In both cases, a complete set of primitive orthogonal idempotents is obtained by successive evaluations of a rational fonction.In a third part, a new presentation is obtained for the alternating subgroups of all Coxeter groups. The generators are related to oriented edges of the Coxeter graph. This presentation is then extended, for all types, to the spinor extensions of the alternating groups, the alternating Hecke algebras and the alternating subgroups of braid groups
Sibari, Hassane. "Transport classique et quantique dans les hétérojonctions GaAlAs/GaAs : rôle des états d'interface." Montpellier 2, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992MON20251.
Full textIachella, Mathilde. "Nucléation, Croissance et Morphologie de Nanoparticules d'Or et d'Or-Cuivre sur Support Rutile par la Théorie de la Fonctionnelle de la Densité." Thesis, Lyon, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LYSEN034/document.
Full textIn this study, the nucleation, growth, morphology and reactivity of Au, Cu and AuCu nanoparticles have been examined on rutile TiO2 (110) stoiciometric, reduced and hydrated supports. First, the nucleation has been modeled via the adsorption and diffusion of Au and Cu atoms, thanks to density functional theory (DFT) calculations, and free energy diagrams in realistic conditions. DFT+U results have shown the promotor role of surface hydroxyl species on the nucleation, in agreement with STM experimental measurements.Then, the growth and coalescence thermodynamic properties for Au and Cu clusters (from 1 to 38 atoms) have been investigated with a systematic approach which has determinated precisely the relative stability for a large number of structures, and has underlined the difference for the competition between nucleation and growth between the two metals. For particles in the range 38-201 atoms and varied morphologies, the absolute stability of Au and Cu aggregates and AuCu nanoalloys has been evaluated through surface energy calculations. This approach has revealed the existence of linear relations between the chemical composition and the stability.Finally, the reactivity of Au, Cu and AuCu nanoparticles has been examined following two aspects : the deposition of 38 atoms clustered on the stoichiometric rutile support, and the adsorption of carbon monoxide at the interface between the metal and the support. This adsorption is a key step for the CO oxidation reaction ; an important process in heterogeneous catalysis
Storey, Pipa. "Ondes de matière dans des potentiels périodiques en temps : étude semi-classique." Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 1996. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00011911.
Full textLenglart, Elie. "La théorie générale des conflits de lois à l’épreuve de l’individualisme." Thesis, Paris 2, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PA020075.
Full textIndividualism is one the characteristic features of modern legal theories. The emergence of individualism has so profoundly altered the meaning of the judicial phenomenon that it may be considered as the decisive factor in the evolution from a classical to a modern conception of the Law. This evolution is the product of a substantial mutation of our vision of the world, inextricably linked to a change of philosophical paradigm. The analysis of this evolution is essential not only to the understanding of the meaning of the Individualism doctrine but also to apprehend its main repercussions. International private Law has also been influenced by this evolution. The Conflict of Laws doctrine is necessarily based on a specific conception of the Law itself. Thus, the emergence of the individualistic approach of the Law undoubtedly has decisive consequences on this field: the methods used to solve conflicts of laws have evolved while the goals have been substantially altered. The Conflict of Laws doctrine is now structured toward the sole analysis of individual interests. This new feature is radically opposed to the balance that characterized the classical approach of Conflict of Laws. In order to reveal the extent of the implications of the Individualism on this field, a study of the concept within the Conflict of Laws doctrine is necessary
Sbai, Youssef. "Analyse semi-classique des opérateurs périodiques perturbés." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015BORD0270/document.
Full textThis Ph.D thesis deals with some spectral properties of two specific classes of two periodic operators. We are firstly interested in the model periodic perturbed by operator depending on a small semi-classical constant. We obtain an asymptotic behavior of the eigenvalue counting function in the spectral gaps with scharp remainder estimate. The second model studied in this thesis is a two-dimensional periodic elliptic second order opera-tor perturbed by operator depending on a large coupling constant. We also give the description of the counting function of eigenvalues when the coupling constant tends to infinity. The last part of this thesis highlights the study the spectrum of a Schrödinger operator perturbed by a fast oscillatingdecaying potential depending on a small parameter