Academic literature on the topic 'Theoretical paleontology'
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Journal articles on the topic "Theoretical paleontology"
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Fernández López, Sixto. "Taphonomic concepts for a theoretical biochronology." Spanish Journal of Palaeontology 6, no. 1 (August 11, 2022): 37. http://dx.doi.org/10.7203/sjp.25035.
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Prothero, Donald R. "From Memorization to Inspiration: Teaching Paleobiology in the Twenty-First Century." Paleontological Society Special Publications 12 (2012): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s2475262200009199.
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For most of the twentieth century, paleontology instruction focused on memorization of taxa, morphology, and stratigraphic ranges. Consequently, paleontology got the reputation as a boring, stagnant, musty old field with this “idiographic” approach that focused on details at the expense of the broader implications. The “Paleobiology Revolution” of the 1960s and 1970s radically changed paleontological pedagogy. New generations of paleontologists who were weaned on the 1972 Raup and Stanley textbook (which had no systematic coverage of invertebrates) adopted a more dynamic, “law-like” or “nomothetic” approach. The emphasis on ideas, concepts, and controversies over memorization of names and dates makes paleontology far more interesting and relevant to geology majors, most of whom will not become paleontologists and will not need huge numbers of names to do their jobs. However, paleontology instructors still must include basic information about the major phyla of fossils or else the theoretical ideas lack any reference in reality. My own approach mixes both theoretical and systematic concepts, with lectures on major topics (taphonomy, ontogeny, population variation, speciation, micro and macroevolution, extinction, paleoecology, biogeography, functional morphology) alternating with lectures supplementing lab exercises.
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Tamborini, Marco. "A Plea for a New Synthesis: From Twentieth-Century Paleobiology to Twenty-First-Century Paleontology and Back Again." Biology 11, no. 8 (July 26, 2022): 1120. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biology11081120.
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In this paper, I will briefly discuss the elements of novelty and continuity between twentieth-century paleobiology and twenty-first-century paleontology. First, I will outline the heated debate over the disciplinary status of paleontology in the mid-twentieth century. Second, I will analyze the main theoretical issue behind this debate by considering two prominent case studies within the broader paleobiology agenda. Third, I will turn to twenty-first century paleontology and address five representative research topics. In doing so, I will characterize twenty-first century paleontology as a science that strives for more data, more technology, and more integration. Finally, I will outline what twenty-first-century paleontology might inherit from twentieth-century paleobiology: the pursuit of and plea for a new synthesis that could lead to a second paleobiological revolution. Following in the footsteps of the paleobiological revolution of the 1960s and 1970s, the paleobiological revolution of the twenty-first century would enable paleontologists to gain strong political representation and argue with a decisive voice at the “high table” on issues such as the expanded evolutionary synthesis, the conservation of Earth’s environment, and global climate change.
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Starcher, Robert W., and George R. Jr McGhee. "Theoretical morphology of modular organisms: geometric constraints of branch and dissepiment width and spacing in fenestrate bryozoans." Neues Jahrbuch für Geologie und Paläontologie - Abhandlungen 223, no. 1 (January 18, 2002): 79–122. http://dx.doi.org/10.1127/njgpa/223/2002/79.
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Tuzyak, Yaryna М., Аntonina V. Іvanina, Halina І. Hotsanyuk, Іhor V. Shaynoha, and Аndrii Ya Cherniak. "From paleontological collections to the Paleontological Museum of Lviv University as an object of historical, cultural and natural values." Journal of Geology, Geography and Geoecology 30, no. 4 (December 28, 2021): 781–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.15421/112172.
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The creation of the Paleontological Museum of Lviv University is the implementation of one of many projects of scientists of geologists and paleontologists in the territory of first Eastern Europe, and later modern Western Ukraine. The foundation of the «temple of muses» of geological sciences (natural sciences, Earth sciences) and their component of paleontology in the West of Ukraine is the stage of formation of geological (paleontological) research and the Lviv geological (paleontological-stratigraphic) school at the Lviv University. The beginning and development of natural sciences – geology and paleontology on a global scale became the basis for the creation of the Geological Faculty and the Department of Historical Geology and Paleontology (1945) at the Lviv University, and the Geological/Paleontological Museum acquired importance in the study, collection, conservation, protection, and popularization of Earth Sciences among various segments of the population. The history of the foundation and the development of the Geological/Paleontological Museum of Ivan Franko National University of Lviv is covered. Prerequisites that contributed to the foundation of the Paleontological Museum are given, the scientific and theoretical concept based on it, the directions of research and the results of achievements of each stage are substantiated. The museum place in the «spectrum» of historical, cultural and natural values has been clarified. The scientific research works of different generations of geologists and paleontologists over the 200-year history and their contribution to the development of Earth Sciences were analyzed. Its significance as a cultural and spiritual center for the development of society is highlighted. The description of the activity of the scientific goals of various political systems in which the territories of the West of Ukraine were located and their contribution to the development of the Paleontological Museum is given. The structure and classification of natural objects (fossils, naturals) of museum collections and foundations by purpose and significance have been determined. Modern and further trends in the development of the Paleontological Museum have been clarified. Fundamental, research, educational and informative, cultural, propaganda aspects of the Paleontologic Мuseum are shown.
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Eble, Gunther J. "Theoretical Morphology: State of the Art - Theoretical Morphology: The Concept and Its Applications. George R. McGhee Jr. Columbia University Press, New York. 1999. 316 pages. Cloth $60.00, paper $26.50." Paleobiology 26, no. 3 (2000): 520–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1666/0094-8373(2000)026<0520:tmsota>2.0.co;2.
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The morphological diversity of life has captivated systematists in the construction of classifications, embryologists in the study of development, and evolutionists in the formulation of theories of organic change. In a century marked by the advances of molecular biology, has the discipline of morphology produced anything … new? Yes. The solidification of paleontology and systematics and the emergence of macroevolution as a legitimate field owe much to an increased rigor in the analysis of morphological data. At the same time, the discipline of morphology has achieved an unprecedented sophistication through another development, the very expression of its maturity: theoretical morphology. Theoretical morphology forms the subject of McGhee's landmark book, an elegant combination of compendium and manifesto. Its richness and scope provide an opportunity for a critical appraisal of the discipline of morphology, particularly quantitative and developmental morphology.
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Dykan, Natalia. "Some theoretical aspects of the systematic study of fossil ostracods (Arthropoda, Crustacea, Ostracoda) in the context of species problems in palaeontology." Novitates Theriologicae, no. 12 (June 16, 2021): 127–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.53452/nt1223.
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Theoretical contributions into the systematics and taxonomy of fossil ostracods conducted according to unified methodological stands have resolved some key problems of paleontology. For example, this is a problem of species and its derivatives, namely the identification of species, the estimation of the taxonomic weight of morphological characters, the determination of diagnostic characters of different taxonomic ranks, and taxa diagnoses. The unification of the terminology and the formalization of morphological description of fossil shells made it possible to estimate the taxonomic weight of morphological elements. A scheme to identify the rank of taxonomic characters (pyramid principle) has been developed. A unified terminological dictionary has been prepared to describe the morphological elements of ostracod shells in detail.
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LAURENZA, DOMENICO. "THE STUDY OF FOSSILS IN LEIBNIZ'S PROTOGAEA: TOWARDS A RECONCTRUCTION OF THE ROLE OF TECHNOLOGICAL MODELS IN EARLY MODERN PALEONTOLOGY." Earth Sciences History 38, no. 1 (April 1, 2019): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.17704/1944-6178-38.1.1.
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ABSTRACT The article is a detailed examination of practices originating in technology and art that were used as heuristically fertile models in Leibniz's Protogaea (1749) to explain the processes of fossilization and demonstrate the animal origin of fossils. Particular importance is given to engravings on copper, which, besides being the technique used to execute the plates in the Protogaea, also became an analogical model for the interpretation of fish fossils. These aspects of the Protogaea are contextualised within the broader framework of the interaction between artisanal and theoretical modes of knowledge in the Scientific Revolution and the still little-known historical development of this interaction in the field of paleontology.
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Lundgren, Lisa, Kent J. Crippen, Jennifer E. Bauer, and Richard T. Bex. "Social Paleontology on Twitter: A Case Study of Topic Archetypes, Network Composition, and Structure." Social Media + Society 8, no. 1 (January 2022): 205630512210804. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/20563051221080475.
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Social paleontology is a burgeoning field of research that seeks to understand the natural world through the collection, preparation, curation, and study of fossils via online communities. Such a community represents an ideal case for examining scientific practice as the expression of conversation topics in relation to the people who participate. Using Communities of Practice as a theoretical framework, we consider interactions within an egocentric Twitter network over a 397-day period to identify topic archetypes within the community, examine how such topic archetypes act as expressions of behavior that are indicative of community processes, and provide empirical evidence for detecting and indicating the health of an online community. Data were collected continuously and analyzed with a combination of topic modeling and social network analysis. Four unique archetypes were characterized based on the level of activity and longevity of interest. Participants for each were diverse, but not different. Structural differences in each network were noted with high levels of inter-group information flow within certain archetypes. Archetypes were interpreted using the life cycle states for Communities of Practice; sustained conversations and piques of interest indicate healthy online communities. These findings can inform efforts to design, implement, and research online, scientific communities.
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Savchuk, Vyacheslav S., and Varfolomii S. Savchuk. "Geological expeditions and routes of M. Y. Lebedev: theoretical and practical results." Journal of Geology, Geography and Geoecology 31, no. 4 (January 11, 2023): 711–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.15421/112267.
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A set of geological expeditions and routes carried out by M. Y. Lebedev through- out his life was determined for the first time. The specified complex in the context of the set research purpose is analyzed. The purpose of the study is to identify and consider the main geological routes of expeditionary practice of the outstanding geologist M. Y. Lebedev and to generalize practically and theoretically the consequences of their implementation and its organizational activities in the field of geology. The study is based on a combination of theoretical provisions of geological research and the principles of application of the evidence base of historical and natural research. The main geological expeditions, in which M. Y. Lebedev took part, are studied and analyzed, their results are considered and generalized, and the organizational achievements of the scientist are clarified. It was found that the expeditionary practice gave Lebedev the opportunity to accumulate a complex of various geological materials, most of which were innovative. Each of these complexes became the basis for obtaining new theoretical results. The development and application of paleontological methods by M.Y. Lebedev were of particular importance. The method of stratigraphic paleontology developed by him allowed substantiating the new methodology of research of coal deposits of the Donetsk basin. The significance of Lebedev’s activity in the development of Azerbaijani oil production, in particular, the determination of the oil potential the Caspian Seabed near Baku, is pointed out. The cartographic activity of the scientist is described. The influence of M. Y. Lebedev on the formation of the geological service and higher geological education in Ukraine is estimated. The results of the study testified to the diversity of M.Y. Lebedev’s ex- peditionary practice and its role in his formation as a geologist of the European level; its significance in the development of theoretical and practical components of M.Y. Lebedev’s activity was determined, his formation as an organizer of geological research and higher geological education.
Book chapters on the topic "Theoretical paleontology"
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Allchin, Douglas. "Celebrating Darwin’s Errors." In Sacred Bovines. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190490362.003.0018.
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Charles Darwin was truly amazing. In 1859 he introduced a robust understanding of descent with modification by means of natural selection. His concepts would help unify taxonomy, biogeography, comparative anatomy, heredity, functional analysis of form, embryology, paleontology, population dynamics, and ecology, and even human moral behavior. Darwin showed how to explain organic “design” as well as the limitations of contingent history, adaptive structures as well as vestigial ones. Every lesson in biology, properly framed, expresses and celebrates Darwin’s achievement. How, then, might one mark so august an occasion as his two hundredth birthday (also the sesquicentennial year of his premier work, the Origin of Species)? Many will no doubt parade Darwin’s many triumphs. But allow me to take exception to the common view (another sacred bovine?) that science is best reflected only by its successful theories. If science is fundamentally about discovery, then its “failures” or errors along the way may be just as important as the ultimately reliable insights. I wish to celebrate science as a process. Here, then, I acknowledge Darwin’s mistakes and show how understanding them gives us a deeper understanding both of Darwin and of science more generally. My tribute is to forgo the mythologized legend and appreciate so remarkable a scientist as Darwin in familiarly human terms. First, one may note that Darwin’s errors generate interest largely because of his many achievements. His credentials are unimpeachable. If he made mistakes, it was not for want of scientific ability. One cannot rudely dismiss his errors as due to ineptitude. Indeed, Darwin’s contributions are wider and their theoretical coherence deeper than popularly known. He produced four volumes on the taxonomy of barnacles, demonstrating his skills in detailed observation and analysis of evolutionary classification. In his first work after the Origin, he showed the importance of orchid form in promoting outcrossing through pollination, thereby contributing to an understanding of the role of sex and genetic recombination in evolution. Later, he explained heterostyly—the occurrence of flowers with styles of different lengths—as illustrating the same general principle (see essay 16).
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ćirković, Milan M. "Observation selection effects and global catastrophic risks." In Global Catastrophic Risks. Oxford University Press, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198570509.003.0010.
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Different types of global catastrophic risks (GCRs) are studied in various chapters of this book by direct analysis. In doing so, researchers benefit from a detailed understanding of the interplay of the underlying causal factors. However, the causal network is often excessively complex and difficult or impossible to disentangle. Here, we would like to consider limitations and theoretical constraints on the risk assessments which are provided by the general properties of the world in which we live, as well as its contingent history. There are only a few of these constraints, but they are important because they do not rely on making a lot of guesses about the details of future technological and social developments. The most important of these are observation selection effects. Physicists, astronomers, and biologists have been familiar with the observational selection effect for a long time, some aspects of them (e.g., Malmquist bias in astronomy or Signor-Lipps effect in paleontology) being the subject of detailed mathematical modelling. In particular, cosmology is fundamentally incomplete without taking into account the necessary ‘anthropic bias’: the conditions we observe in fundamental physics, as well as in the universe at large, seem atypical when judged against what one would expect as ‘natural’ according to our best theories, and require an explanation compatible with our existence as intelligent observers at this particular epoch in the history of the universe. In contrast, the observation selection effects are still often overlooked in philosophy and epistemology, and practically completely ignored in risk analysis, since they usually do not apply to conventional categories of risk (such as those used in insurance modelling). Recently, Bostrom (2002a) laid foundations for a detailed theory of observation selection effects, which has applications for both philosophy and several scientific areas including cosmology, evolution theory, thermodynamics, traffic analysis, game theory problems involving imperfect recall, astrobiology, and quantum physics. The theory of observation selection effects can tell us what we should expect to observe, given some hypothesis about the distribution of observers in the world. By comparing such predictions to our actual observations, we get probabilistic evidence for or against various hypotheses.