Journal articles on the topic 'The virgin of le puy'
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1
Hoogvliet, Margriet. "Metaphorical Images of the Sacred Workshop." Church History and Religious Culture 99, no. 3-4 (December 4, 2019): 387–411. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18712428-09903005.
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Abstract The textual witnesses of religious poetry produced by the late medieval confraternity of the Puy Notre-Dame in Amiens, in northern France, give an example of a type of religious text which allows us to reconstruct the interplay between the religious field and the social field of commerce and artisanal production. After discussing the practices of producing and staging religious poetry in confraternities in late medieval and early modern France as “hybrid forums”, the article discusses several examples of texts from unpublished manuscripts. It argues that the vivid imagery of the poems dedicated to the Virgin Mary allowed a mutual exchange of resources. While the members of the ordained religious gathered support and a popularized religious language, the participating laypeople could imbue their everyday work with a form of sacrality.
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Yue, Chengyan, Charles R. Hall, Bridget K. Behe, Benjamin L. Campbell, Roberto G. Lopez, and Jennifer H. Dennis. "Investigating Consumer Preference for Biodegradable Containers." Journal of Environmental Horticulture 28, no. 4 (December 1, 2010): 239–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.24266/0738-2898-28.4.239.
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Abstract Instead of virgin plastic, some growers are now using containers manufactured with alternative materials that can be planted directly in the soil and will degrade over time, thus eliminating the waste of disposing the pot into landfills. While previous studies have addressed certain aspects of consumer willingness to pay issue for biodegradable containers, this study specifically addresses consumer's perceived value for the containers themselves; that is, without the influence of the plant in the container. Analysis of the confidence intervals for wheat starch pots, rice hull pots, straw pots, coir pots, and peat pots reveal that they are overlapped, which indicates the price premiums participants are willing to pay for these five types of biodegradable containers do not significantly differ from each other. Consumers express a positive willingness to pay for several types of biodegradable containers relative to the standard virgin plastic container. There are two distinct levels or tiers that emerged with the first tier including coconut coir and peat pots, which received ratings in the same range as rice hull, straw, and wheat pots. A second, lower tier of similarly rated containers included the poultry feather, cow manure, and recycled plastic pots (relative to virgin plastic).
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Wilson, Peter, Alon Ratner, Gary Stocker, Frank Syred, Kerry Kirwan, and Stuart Coles. "Interlayer Hybridization of Virgin Carbon, Recycled Carbon and Natural Fiber Laminates." Materials 13, no. 21 (November 4, 2020): 4955. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma13214955.
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To meet sustainability objectives in the transport sector, natural fiber (NF) and recycled carbon fiber (RCF) have been developed, although they have been typically limited to low to medium performance components. This work has considered the effect of interlayer hybridization of woven NF and non-woven RCF with woven virgin carbon fibers (VCF) on the mechanical and damping performance of hybrid laminates, produced using double bag vacuum infusion (DBVI). The mean damping ratio of the pure laminates showed a trend of NF>RCF>VCF, which was inversely proportional to their modulus. The tensile, flexural and damping properties of hybrid laminates were dominated by the outermost ply. The VCF-RCF and VCF-NF hybrid laminates showed a comparatively greater mean damping ratio. The results of this work demonstrate a method for the uptake of alternative materials with a minimal impact on the mechanical properties and improved damping performance.
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Sari, Meitha Permata, Indah Riyantini, and Yudi Nurul Ihsan. "Kontaminasi Logam Pb (Timbal) pada Anadara granosa di Pantai Utara Kabupaten Cirebon." Buletin Oseanografi Marina 11, no. 3 (April 2, 2022): 248–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/buloma.v11i3.38451.
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Laut dan pesisir Kabupaten Cirebon banyak dimanfaatkan untuk pertambakan, penggunaan lahan mangrove, penangkapan ikan, dan budidaya perairan. Meningkatnya aktivitas domestik, rumah tangga, dan industri memberikan dampak negatif bagi perairan laut yakni pencemaran. Pencemaran yang terjadi salah satunya ialah pencemaran logam Pb terhadap Anadara granosa atau kerang dara. Anadara granosa merupakan hewan bentik dan filter feeder dimana akumulasi logam Pb lebih besar dibandingkan dengan biota laut lain, hal tersebut perlu diperhatikan mengingat kerang dara diminati oleh masyarakat untuk dikonsumsi. Tujuan penelitian ini ialah mendapatkan kadar logam Pb pada substrat, air laut, dan Anadara granosa yang diambil dari Kecamatan Gunung Jati, Kabupaten Cirebon sebagai wilayah penangkapan ikan. Metode yang digunakan ialah metode survey dan penentuan stasiun penelitian menggunakan metode purposive sampling. Pada setiap stasiun dilakukan pengambilan sampel substrat, air laut, dan Anadara granosa untuk diketahui kadar logam Pb. Penentuan kadar logam Pb pada sampel dilakukan di Laboratorium Sentral Universitas Padjajaran Jatinangor, Sumedang, Jawa Barat merujuk pada pedoman SNI 066992.3-2004 menggunakan instrumen Spektrofotometer Serapan Atom. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan rata-rata kadar logam Pb substrat sebesar 19,53 mg/l, air laut sebesar 0,16 mg/l, Anadara granosa sebesar 1,07 mg/kg. The sea and coast of the Cirebon Regency are widely used for aquaculture, mangrove land use, fishing, and aquaculture. Increasing domestic, household and industrial activities harm marine waters, namely pollution. One of the pollutions that occur is the contamination of Pb metal against Anadara granosa or virgin shells. The hyena shells are benthic animals and filter feeders where the accumulation of Pb metal is greater than that of another marine biota, it is necessary to pay attention to this, considering that the hymen is in demand by the public for consumption. The purpose of this study was to obtain Pb levels in the substrate, seawater, and virgin clams. The method used is a survey method and the determination of the research station using a purposive sampling method. At each station, substrate, seawater, and virgin shellfish were sampled to determine the Pb metal content. Determination of Pb metal content in the sample using an Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer. The results showed that the average Pb content of the substrate was 19.53 mg/l, seawater was 0.16 mg/l, and virgin clams were 1.07 mg/kg.
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Haubruge, Eric, and Ludovic Arnaud. "MATING BEHAVIOUR AND MALE MATE CHOICE IN TRIBOLIUM CASTANEUM (COLEOPTERA, TENEBRIONIDAE)." Behaviour 136, no. 1 (1999): 67–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156853999500677.
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Mate choice by males has received less attention than female choice, despite the recognition that males can incur non-trivial reproductive costs through mating. In this study we investigate male mate choice in the red flour beetle, Tribolium castaneum. We determine whether male beetles have evolved sensitivity that enables them to discriminate between females and we then examine how males discriminate between females that present different reproductive potentials. Recently-emerged adult females are immature, and we investigate when egg-laying maturity develops, and whether male mating attempts with immature females provide reproductive pay-offs. We show that males are the sex most likely to initiate mating attempts (more than 85% of male-female contacts are male-initiated). Therefore, we test male mating initiations when presented with choices between: (i) immature and mature virgin females; (ii) mature virgin females and previously mated mature females; and (iii) mature females previously mated either with different male or with the test males. Last male sperm precedence exists in T. castaneum and females are polyandrous. Matings with immature females are therefore likely to generate lower fertilization successes than matings with mature females. Furthermore, males are likely to achieve higher total fertilization success when they mate if they precede a rival male's sperm than if they precede their own sperm. Accordingly, we find that: (i) males copulate more frequently with mature, than with immature females; (ii) males do differentiate between virgin and mated females; and (iii) males prefer females that have been inseminated by a different male to those previously inseminated by the test males themselves. The results demonstrate that male T. castaneum recognise female status, display mate choice, and prefer to inseminate females which provide greater reproductive potential.
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Andrew, J. Jefferson, Sivakumar M. Srinivasan, and A. Arockiarajan. "Influence of patch lay-up configuration and hybridization on low velocity impact and post-impact tensile response of repaired glass fiber reinforced plastic composites." Journal of Composite Materials 53, no. 1 (June 6, 2018): 3–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0021998318779430.
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This paper aims to investigate the effect of homogenous and hybrid external patches based on plain weave woven glass and Kevlar fabric on low velocity impact and quasi-static tensile after impact response of adhesively bonded external patch repairs in damaged glass/epoxy composite laminates. In all hybrid patches, the proportion of Kevlar and glass fibers were equal (i.e. 50% of Kevlar and 50% of glass by volume fraction), while lay-up configuration was different. This further enables to study the associated effect of hybridization and lay-up configuration on impact response of the repaired laminates. The intent of using hybrid external patches is to combine the excellent high displacement-to-failure property of Kevlar fiber as a ductile reinforcement with the superior mechanical property of glass fiber as a brittle reinforcement. The effect of glass/Kevlar content on impact response and tensile after impact response was investigated for various incident impact energy levels, such as 2, 4, 6, and 8 J. Results showed that hybridization and lay-up configurations of the external patches played a significant role on low velocity impact and quasi-static tensile after impact response of the repaired glass/epoxy specimens. Specimens repaired using intra-ply hybrid patches showed better impact properties and damage tolerance capability than that of the virgin and other repaired specimens. In specific, the use of intra-ply hybrid patches reduced the impact energy absorption by 10.17% in comparison to the virgin specimens at impact energy of 8 J.
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Gulyanov, Yu A. "ASSESSMENT OF MODERN BIOCLIMATIC RESOURCES AND PROSPECTS OF YIELD GROWTH IN THE POST-VIRGIN REGIONS OF THE URALS AND WESTERN SIBERIA." TAURIDA HERALD OF THE AGRARIAN SCIENCES 4 (24) (November 2020): 28–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.33952/2542-0720-2020-4-24-29-41.
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An assessment of the bioclimatic potential of agricultural territories is necessary to evaluate the utilization rate and the development of highly efficient zonal resource-saving farming systems. The purpose of the research was to assess the current level of the bioclimatic resources of the post-virgin regions of the Urals and Western Siberia to determine the levels of climatically provided yields, to identify the limiting factors and reserves of field agrocenoses productivity growth. Data on air temperature, precipitation level, air humidity deficit, and yield of grain crops (1990–2019) in the main post-virgin territories of the Orenburg, Kurgan, Omsk regions, and Altai Krai were the object of research. Comparative assessment of the biological productivity of the studied territories was carried out according to the method of D. I. Shashko in points in the context of average productivity. We established that the economic productivity of grain crops in the analyzed regions today was significantly lower than the potential one (calculated according to the bioclimatic potential (BCP)). Even if the grain yield in the Kurgan and Omsk regions is at the highest level (1.36–1.75 t/ha), the efficiency of BCP using is only 27–38 %. Precipitation is the main limiting climatic factor. Lack of precipitation against the background of growing amounts of effective temperatures is accompanied by an increase in air humidity deficits. The conducted studies allowed us to conclude that with the help of highly efficient use of bioclimatic resources in the post-virgin regions of the Urals and Western Siberia under the conditions of modern natural and anthropogenic changes, a significant (2.0–2.5 times) increase in the yield of grain crops is possible compared to the current level. As priorities, when developing adaptive technological methods, along with the careful implementation of technological discipline, one should also consider the technological methods aimed at more complete preservation of atmospheric precipitation and efficient use of soil moisture, including no-till technologies and components of “digital technologies”, as well as pay attention to the development of irrigation.
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HADJILAMBRINOS, CONSTANTINE. "The USA plastics recycling industry: a survey of manufacturers and vendors of recycled plastic products." Environmental Conservation 26, no. 2 (March 1999): 125–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s037689299900017x.
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Despite efforts spanning more than a decade, plastics continue to be the least recycled component of the USA's municipal waste stream. This study addresses a significant gap in knowledge about the operation of the plastics recycling market by investigating and analysing the characteristics and experiences of manufacturers and vendors of consumer products with recycled plastics content.The study collected information through a survey of this segment of the USA's plastics recycling industry. The analysis of this information confirmed that the industry, as a whole, is young. Nevertheless, it offers a very wide variety of products. These face stiff competition from virgin resin plastic products, or from other virgin competing materials such as wood and cotton. Recycled plastic products are often more expensive than their competitors. Some manufacturers and vendors, especially the younger ones, addressed this problem by finding a niche market with consumers who are willing to pay a premium for environmentally friendly products. On the other hand, companies whose products are successfully competing against virgin products are more likely to have operated longer, to be vertically integrated (producing raw materials and consumer products), and to be more diversified in the number of resins they handle.Manufacturers and vendors of recycled plastic products in the USA have gained considerable experience since the early years of plastics recycling. Nonetheless, they continue to face some serious challenges. Operators of materials recovery facilities that process PCR have an important role to play in supporting the industry by improving the quality of their product (i.e. PCR). However, the most important factor for securing continued growth of the industry is the expansion of markets for the industry's products. The responses to the survey indicate that, while there are actions that manufacturers and vendors can take to increase their chances of success, the effect of government policy remains overwhelming. Policymakers can facilitate growth in plastics recycling by stepping up their efforts to implement effective demand-side policies and by adopting policies to internalize the environmental and social externalities of plastics manufacturing and use.
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Violino, Simona, Federico Pallottino, Giulio Sperandio, Simone Figorilli, Francesca Antonucci, Vanessa Ioannoni, Daniele Fappiano, and Corrado Costa. "Are the Innovative Electronic Labels for Extra Virgin Olive Oil Sustainable, Traceable, and Accepted by Consumers?" Foods 8, no. 11 (October 25, 2019): 529. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods8110529.
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Traceability is the ability to follow the displacement of food through its entire chain. Extra virgin olive oil (EVOO) represents Italian excellence, with consumers’ increased awareness for traceability. The aim of this work is to propose and analyze the economic sustainability and consumers’ preference of three technological systems supporting traceability: Near Field Communication (NFC) based; tamper-proof device plus Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) and app; QR code tag plus “scratch and win” system and blockchain. An anonymous questionnaire to Italian consumers (n = 1120) was made to acquire consumers’ acceptability of the systems and estimating their willingness to pay additional premium prices for these. An economic analysis estimated and compared the technology costs at different production levels. Results show that 94% of the consumer respondents are interested in the implementation of such technologies, and among them 45% chose QR-code protected by a “scratch-and-win” system with a blockchain infotracing-platform (QR-B). The consumers interested are willing to pay a mean premium price of 17.8% and economic analysis reported evidenced an incidence always lower than mid-/high-production levels. The success of the QR-B could be ascribed to different aspects: the cutting-edge fashion trend of blockchain in the food sector, the use of incentives, the easy-to-use QR-code, and the gamification strategy.
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Carzedda, Matteo, Gianluigi Gallenti, Stefania Troiano, Marta Cosmina, Francesco Marangon, Patrizia de Luca, Giovanna Pegan, and Federico Nassivera. "Consumer Preferences for Origin and Organic Attributes of Extra Virgin Olive Oil: A Choice Experiment in the Italian Market." Foods 10, no. 5 (May 2, 2021): 994. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods10050994.
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The paper investigates Italian consumers’ behavior towards characteristics of extra virgin olive oil, in particular organic production methods and geographical origin. On the basis of the existing literature, the concepts of sustainability of food systems, diets, and the olive oil supply chain are analyzed. A choice experiment (CE), using a face-to-face questionnaire with over 1000 participants, was conducted to quantify the willingness to pay (WTP) for these two attributes. Findings show positive preference for origin attributes, while the organic attribute is not highly valued. The article also offers some perspectives on future research to improve the competitiveness and sustainability of the Italian olive oil supply chain.
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Pathiraja, P.M.E.K, Fernando, M.T.N, and Jayasundera, J.M.M.A. "Processing of Virgin Coconut Oil in Sri Lanka Using Cold Extraction Method: An Economic Analysis." CORD 24, no. 1 (April 1, 2008): 11. http://dx.doi.org/10.37833/cord.v24i1.160.
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Virgin Coconut Oil (VCO) is a newly introduced product in Sri Lanka with a high export market potential. Only a few entrepreneurs however, are capitalizing on this opportunity due to several factors such as lack of rigorous economic analyses and unavailability of information on export market opportunities. Against this background, this study attempts to analyse the economic viability of this enterprise in Sri Lanka. Interestingly, it was found that the VCO provides the highest net return per 1000 coconuts utilized compared to the other traditional coconut kernel products. The pay-back period for the initial investment on machineries was little over a month under current prices of inputs and outputs. Sensitivity analysis suggests that the crucial factor that determines the economic viability of this enterprise is world market VCO price and the sensitivity of the net return of VCO production for the nut price is very low. The break-even price of one liter of VCO was found to be US $ 4.8 whereas it receives US $ 8 in the export market. This study concluded the need of encouraging VCO production in Sri Lanka, given the long-term brighter outlook of the global VCO industry.
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Rizzo, Giuseppina, Massimiliano Borrello, Giovanni Dara Guccione, Giorgio Schifani, and Luigi Cembalo. "Organic Food Consumption: The Relevance of the Health Attribute." Sustainability 12, no. 2 (January 13, 2020): 595. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12020595.
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During the last decades, organic food products have become the main sustainable alternative to conventional food consumption. Among the several organic food attributes that consumers recognize in organic food, healthiness has been reported as the primary motivation to buy products certified as organic. The objective of the current study is to assess the relative weight of the health attribute among other recognized organic food attributes. To achieve this aim, a multiple price list (MPL) methodology is adopted to elicit consumers’ Willingness to Pay (WTP) for organic extra virgin olive oil (EVOO). Findings show that the contribution of the health attribute to determine the average premium price for organic EVOO is 78.9% of its total premium price. The study generates managerial implications to promote further expansion of the organic food market.
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Jha, Sushma, Vaishali Bhavsar, K. P. Sooraj, Mukesh Ranjan, and Deepti Tripathi. "Investigation of the effect of in-situ grown PPy on low frequency dielectric properties and other properties of PVA-PVP blend film." Journal of Advanced Dielectrics 11, no. 04 (August 2021): 2150020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s2010135x2150020x.
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Present study is carried out to understand the effect of conducting polymer, polypyrrole (PPy) on structural, morphological, thermal and dielectric properties of bio-compatible polymer blend film of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP). The growth of PPy in the matrix of PVA–PVP was analyzed using XRD, FT-IR and SEM studies. The shifting in positions and broadening of XRD diffraction peaks of PVA–PVP-PPy from that of PVA–PVP indicates the structural modification and reduction in the crystallinity of the PVA–PVP due to incorporation of PPy. The SEM studies suggest scattered growth of PPy in PVA–PVP matrix at lower concentration of pyrrole monomer. As the monomer concentration is increased, the uniform and interconnected growth of PPy was observed in SEM micrographs. The TGA thermograms show faster thermal degradation of PVA–PVP- PPy films at lower temperature as compared to PVA–PVP films. The blend films of PVA–PVP- PPy exhibited enhanced values of dielectric constant and ac conductivity as compared to the virgin blend film which are observed to increase with increasing concentration of PPy. The high dielectric constant with high ac conductivity exhibited by PVA–PVP-PPy film suggests its possible application as flexible dielectric material for the development of biosensors, energy storage devices in field of green organic electronics.
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Andrew, J. Jefferson, Vellayaraj Arumugam, and Hom N. Dhakal. "Effect of Intra-Ply Hybrid Patches and Hydrothermal Aging on Local Bending Response of Repaired GFRP Composite Laminates." Molecules 25, no. 10 (May 16, 2020): 2325. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules25102325.
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This study investigates the influence of intra-ply hybrid patches and hydrothermal aging on the indentation properties of patch repaired GFRP composites. Fabrics with various proportions of glass and Kevlar fibers were employed as the patches to achieve enhanced mechanical properties by hybridizing Kevlar and glass fibers together. Hydrothermal aging behavior of repaired composite laminates modified with water-resistant glass fibers in the outer layers was further investigated. Specimens were immersed in an environmental chamber containing seawater at temperatures of 30 (ambient), 50, and 70 °C until up to saturation. Damage mechanisms of repaired laminates were monitored using real-time acoustic emission (AE) technique. The experimental results showed that specimens repaired with 50G:50K patches offered superior performance than the virgin specimens. The hydrothermal aging effect on indentation behavior of the modified repaired specimens showed a considerable reduction in indentation properties, with higher strength retention exhibited by the repaired specimens modified with chopped glass fibers compared to the particulate fibers.
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GRANSDEN, ANTONIA. "The Cult of St Mary at Beodericisworth and then in Bury St Edmunds Abbey to c. 1150." Journal of Ecclesiastical History 55, no. 4 (October 2004): 627–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022046904001472.
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This paper argues that the earliest church at Beodericisworth, the later Bury St Edmunds, was dedicated to the Virgin Mary. Probably in the reign of Athelstan, the (supposed) body of St Edmund, king and martyr, was translated into this church. The cult of St Edmund burgeoned and before the end of the eleventh century St Edmund's shrine had become one of England's foremost pilgrim centres and attracted the wealth which helped pay for the great Romanesque church built to house it. Nevertheless, a wide variety of sources, both written and visual, demonstrate that the cult of St Mary retained much vitality, becoming the pre-eminent secondary cult in Bury St Edmunds, one especially fostered by Abbot Anselm (1121–48). Finally, similar examples are cited of other churches where dedications to saints like St Mary, who enjoyed widespread veneration, were replaced by those of saints of more local fame but whose (supposed) bodies those churches possessed.
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Fotouhi, Mohamad, Cristiano Fragassa, Sakineh Fotouhi, Hamed Saghafi, and Giangiacomo Minak. "Damage Characterization of Nano-Interleaved CFRP under Static and Fatigue Loading." Fibers 7, no. 2 (January 28, 2019): 13. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/fib7020013.
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The use of high strength-to-weight ratio-laminated fiber-reinforced composites is emerging in engineering sectors such as aerospace, marine and automotive to improve productivity. Nevertheless, delamination between the layers is a limiting factor for the wider application of laminated composites, as it reduces the stiffness and strengths of the structure. Previous studies have proven that ply interface nanofibrous fiber reinforcement has an effective influence on delamination resistance of laminated composite materials. This paper aims to investigate the effect of nanofiber ply interface reinforcement on mode I properties and failure responses when being subjected to static and fatigue loadings. For this purpose, virgin and nanomodified woven laminates were subjected to Double Cantilever Beam (DCB) experiments. Static and fatigue tests were performed in accordance with standards and the Acoustic Emissions (AE) were acquired during these tests. The results showed not only a 130% increase of delamination toughness for nanomodified specimens in the case of static loads, but also a relevant crack growth resistance in the case of fatigue loads. In addition, the AE permitted to relate these improvements to the different failure mechanisms occurring.
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Bamwesigye, Dastan, Petra Hlavackova, Andrea Sujova, Jitka Fialova, and Petr Kupec. "Willingness to Pay for Forest Existence Value and Sustainability." Sustainability 12, no. 3 (January 24, 2020): 891. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12030891.
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Uganda is richly endowed with flora and fauna. Until the early 2000s, most of the types of vegetation have remained natural/virgin forests and shrubs until recent years, when human activities have damaged them. Understanding the different ways that people value such endangered forest resources is very important. The main hypothesis in our study is that willingness to pay (WTP) for forest existence value and sustainability depends on the preference for the same values. In addition, we examined socioeconomic characteristics, such as sex, education, and household incomes, which could influence the WTP for forest existence value and sustainability. We carried out field questionnaire interviews with the aim of ascertaining Willingness to Pay (WTP) for forest existence. The WTP values were in a range between 1 and 200 USD based on the contingent valuation method (CVM). A sample with a size of 203 was interviewed in selected towns and villages in Uganda, and the data collected were subjected to statistical analysis. The cross-tabulation of the expressed preferences illustrates that 81.9% of the representative sample are willing to pay for forest existence value and sustainability. We concluded that the willingness to pay for forest existence significantly depends on the preference for forest existence values and sustainability. Our results equally express that the mean WTP in this region is 15 USD per year and that over 60% are willing to pay this amount. The socioeconomic determinants’ results demonstrate heterogeneity and that over 90% of the respondents are willing to pay for forest existence, conservation, and sustainability.
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Hahn, H. T. "Hygrothermal Damage in Graphite/Epoxy Laminates." Journal of Engineering Materials and Technology 109, no. 1 (January 1, 1987): 3–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.3225930.
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The use of micromechanics equations for moisture diffusivity shows that the in situ diffusivity is slightly lower than the bulk diffusivity for matrix resins, thereby indicating absence of any matrix damage in virgin composites. When exposed to hygrothermal environments, however, composites undergo degradation which manifests itself in anomalous moisture diffusion behavior and reduced structural performance. The hygrothermal degradation is the result of matrix plasticization, microvoid formation, and microcracking. The time dependence of plasticization as well as the tensile stress resulting from steep moisture gradient is responsible for the damage induced by thermal spiking of wet composites. Swelling of neat resins is frequently less than predicted by the volume additivity. A simple micromechanics analysis provides a good estimate of composite swelling strain from resin properties. The bilinearity and the hysteresis observed in relations between swelling and moisture content are attributed to the existence of a threshold moisture concentration below which swelling is negligible. Relaxation of residual stresses is a long-term process under nonhostile environments. However, it is accelerated considerably around and above the glass transition temperature. The fast stress relaxation can change the transverse ply stress from compressive to tensile after thermal spiking, thereby inducing ply cracking and accelerating the subsequent moisture absorption. How residual stresses can affect ply cracking and delamination is shown through a fracture mechanics analysis.
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Kurishbayev, Akhylbek Kazhigulovich, Grigoriy Aleksandrovich Zvyagin, Nadezhda Vasilevna Yaroslavtseva, and Boris Maratovich Kogut. "Kazakhstan black soil organic substance agrogenic transformation." Samara Journal of Science 5, no. 3 (September 1, 2016): 35–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/snv20163107.
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Currently despite the extended study of the temporary dynamic of the cultivated soil organic substance on the global scale scientists pay much attention to the establishing the patterns of its quantitative transformation on the regional level depending on the systems of agricultural exploitation for the purpose of clarifying the worldwide estimate of humus reserve in relation to the issue of the greenhouse effect. In this regard we have examined the modern dynamic (1990-2015) of the regular and southern black soil organic substance in the conditions of long-term stationary field experiments in the primary grain-sowing region of the Northern Kazakhstan. Based on the data from alternative time periods on the proportion of Соргand N in the upper (mainly 0-25 cm) layer of virgin and agrogenic black soil of Akmolinsk and Kostanay regions of Kazakhstan we have discovered the distinctive characteristics of changes in the content of soil organic substance. It has been demonstrated that the content of humus in the regular black soil is significantly higher than that in the southern carbonated black soil. Evaluation of transforming and inert pool of organic carbon in virgin and agrogenic variants of southern black soil has been made. It has been established that currently in the result of influence from various methods of southern black soil treatment the rate of humus percentage decrease is slowing down in comparison with that of the previous period of its agricultural exploitation, however, in practice, those methods, including the subsurface tilling, do not halt the de-humusization process. Content of humus in soil of the variants with continuous spring wheat is approaching that with continuous complete fallow. There are sufficient grounds to suggest that the reason for de-humusization of the southern black soil could reside in biochemical (mineralization), as well as physical (deflation) loss of humus. Particular danger comes from the wind erosion resulting in percentage of humus dropping even below its minimal value, i.e. due to the decrease of nearly unrecoverable inert part. In agrogenic regular black soil, during the closing period of its agricultural exploitation, there has been no humus loss detected, which is most probably related to the existence of protective anti-erosion forest belts in the studied fields area.
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Jakóbczyk-Gola, Aleksandra. "The Akathist Hymn to the Blessed Virgin Mary and Polish Marian Songs in Context of Performative Practices in Litany Tradition." Roczniki Humanistyczne 67, no. 1 (July 4, 2019): 145. http://dx.doi.org/10.18290/rh.2019.67.1-10.
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The article analyses Akatyst ku czci Bogurodzicy [Akathist to the Mother of God], which, together with the accompanying icon, was one of the important components of the Marian Orthodox cult, whose influence went beyond the Orthodox Church, affecting among others also Polish lands. The aim of the article is not to develop a monograph on this phenomenon, but, focusing on the recognition of its complex media characteristics, to study various forms of its performance and to pay special attention to the performativity aspect. The purpose of this characterization is to bring out the complex functions that the Akathist performed, serving the purposes of memory – having also a heterogeneous character, realised in various ways and playing different roles. The analysis encompasses selected research fields – history of literature, religion and culture from the perspective of changes in the media of words, as well as art history.The second part of the article shows analogous phenomena in the Polish Marian song and traces its relations to the Akhatist to the Mother of God. In particular, the analysis focuses on the song O przenasławniejsza panno czysta... The structure of the akhatist icon was reflected in the Gothic altar stands in Lesser Poland, in which the image of the Virgin Mary of the type of Madonna Piekarska was centrally placed, surrounded by other representations.The key concept for the article is the litany tradition, which is understood here broadly, i.e. including specific language formulas, the communication strategy, issues of presence, mnemonic formulas, the ideas of spatial relations, movement and performance. In conclusion, the article attempts to define the multi-aspectual character of this phenomenon, with particular focus on the dynamics of this tradition, the need to act and recall using memory.
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Saraswaty, Vienna, Rossy Choerun Nissa, Bonita Firdiana, and Akbar Hanif Dawam Abdullah. "THE PHYSICOCHEMICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF RECYCLED-PLASTIC PELLETS OBTAINED FROM DISPOSABLE FACE MASK WASTES." Jurnal Sains Materi Indonesia 23, no. 1 (November 1, 2021): 16. http://dx.doi.org/10.17146/jsmi.2021.23.1.6336.
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THE PHYSICOCHEMICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF RECYCLED-PLASTIC PELLETS OBTAINED FROM DISPOSABLE FACE MASK WASTES. The government policy to wear a face mask during the COVID-19 pandemic has increased disposable face mask wastes. Thus, to reduce such wastes, it is necessary to evaluate the physicochemical characteristics of disposable face masks wastes before the recycling process and the recycled products. In this study, physicochemical characterization of the 3-ply disposable face masks and the recycled plastic pellets after disinfection using 0.5% v/v sodium hypochlorite were evaluated. A set of parameters including the characterization of surface morphology by a scanning electron microscope (SEM), functional groups properties by a fourier transform infra-red spectroscopy (FT-IR), thermal behavior by a differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), tensile strength and elongation at break were evaluated. The surface morphological of each layer 3-ply disposable face mask showed that the layers were composed of non-woven fibers. The FT-IR evaluation revealed that 3-ply disposable face mask was made from a polypropylene. At the same time, the DSC analysis found that the polypropylene was in the form of homopolymer. The SEM analysis showed that the recycled plastic pellets showed a rough and uneven surface. The FT-IR, tensile strength and elongation at break of the recycled plastic pellets showed similarity with a virgin PP type CP442XP and a recycled PP from secondary recycling PP (COPLAST COMPANY). In summary, recycling 3-ply disposable face mask wastes to become plastic pellets is recommended for handling disposable face mask wastes problem.
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Bellumori, Maria, Lorenzo Cecchi, Marzia Innocenti, Maria Lisa Clodoveo, Filomena Corbo, and Nadia Mulinacci. "The EFSA Health Claim on Olive Oil Polyphenols: Acid Hydrolysis Validation and Total Hydroxytyrosol and Tyrosol Determination in Italian Virgin Olive Oils." Molecules 24, no. 11 (June 10, 2019): 2179. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules24112179.
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The health claims of olive oil represent an important marketing lever in raising the willingness to pay for a product, but world producers of extra virgin olive oil (EVOO) do not take advantage of it because there are still obstacles to their use. Among these, one issue is the lack of an official method for determination of all free and linked forms derived from secoiridoidic structures of hydroxytyrosol and tyrosol. In this study, different acidic hydrolytic procedures for analyzing the linked forms were tested. The best method was validated and then applied to more than 100 EVOOs. The content of oleuropein and ligstroside derivatives in EVOOs was indirectly evaluated comparing the amount of phenols before and after hydrolysis. After acidic hydrolysis, a high content of total tyrosol was found in most of the EVOOs. The use of a suitable corrective factor for the evaluation of hydroxytyrosol allows an accurate determination only using pure tyrosol as a standard. Further knowledge on the concentration of total hydroxytyrosol will assist in forecasting the resistance of oils against aging, its antioxidant potential and to better control its quality over time.
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Adeniyi, John Ayodele, Obinna Eneh Aloysious, and Sunday Uduak Nse. "Requirement Engineering For Robotic System: The Next Generation In Dentistry." Advances in Multidisciplinary and scientific Research Journal Publication 1 (July 30, 2022): 81–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.22624/aims/rebk2022-p8.
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ABSTRACT Robotics has been successfully applied in engineering, commerce and now in medical field; and has opened a new frontier with numerous areas for expansion and exploration. Robotics with dental application is a relatively untraveled area to pursue. The virgin areas in dental research is an opportunity for new and better products and has been important development direction of medical robot. More ‘intelligent’ products is the next big step. Robotics offer improved predictability, speed, increased precision, quality and safety of various procedure; ranging from patient robots to robots used in endodontics, oral surgery, implantology, prosthodontics and orthodontics. An architecture of robotics, artificial intelligence (AI) and machining learning (ML) to analyse large amount of data with the help of data-driven analysis algorithms based in ML drives the next generation dentistry. The main aim of this paper was to review current research in the field of dental robotics. A review of literature was performed using electronic searching methods of Pub Med database and Google for the applications of robots in Dentistry. Extracted data from selected papers were synthesized. Keywords: Robotics, AI, Machine Learning, Dentistry, Orthodontics, Prosthodontics, Data.
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Goja, Bojan. "Pietro Sandrioli indorador iz Venecije i drvene oltarne pale u Rabu i Šibeniku." Ars Adriatica, no. 3 (January 1, 2013): 159. http://dx.doi.org/10.15291/ars.467.
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Based on new archival research, the article focuses on previously unknown information about wooden altarpieces in Rab and Šibenik. The documents created by the Rab notary Ivan Božidar Kašić, which are keptin the State Archive at Zadar, contain a contract about the making of a wooden superstructure (palla) for the high altar in the Church of St. Andrew and its original altar painting. The contract bears the date of 19 April 1623 and obliges Piero Sandrioli, an indorador and resident of Zadar, to make an altarpieces according to a set design, fifteen-feet high and nine-and-a-half-feet wide, together with a canvas painting of the Blessed Virgin Mary and paintings depicting the scenes of the Most Holy Rosary. He was required to paint the figure of St. Dominic to the right of the Virgin, the figure of St. Catherine of Siena to her left, and, next to the Virgin’s feet at the bottom of the painting, the scenes on the topic of the Most Holy Rosary. The rest of the altarpieces had to correspond to the aforementioned design in all respects. The whole structure (probably referring to the wooden superstructure and the painting) had to be carved, delivered to the Church of St. Andrew and set up on the altar at the expense of Pietro Sandrioli. Once in Rab, after the delivery of the wooden altarpiece and the painting, Sandrioli was also required to gild the altarpiece. The entire task had to be completed by the following December. As soon as the work was completed, Sandrioli was to be paid the amount of 250 ducats and here it is mentioned that he had already received 360 lire. Apart from the described altar superstructure from Rab, the same mistro Pietro Sandrioli da Venecia indorador is mentioned in connection to the making of the former high altar in the Church of St. Dominic at Šibenik. This document of 13 June 1628 has been preserved in the records of the Šibenik notary Ante Vrančić which are also kept in the State Archive at Zadar. The document states that Lorenzo Corradis, a representative and intermediary on behalf of the confraternity of the Virgin of the Most Holy Rosary from the Church of St. Dominic, paid Pietro Sandrioli, the indorador of Venice, 376 lire which is also confirmed by a receipt issued for the services of carving and painting undertaken in Venice for the wooden high altar of the Virgin of the Most Holy Rosary.As confirmed by Pietro Sandrioli himself, only 180 of those 376 lire had been spent and he owed Lorenzo Corradis the amount of 196 lire. In other words, he owed him the amount which could be somewhat higher or lower than the stated sum but which would correspond to the amount of money that was actually spent. The next step was to see a Venetian notary who was to issue Corradis with a confirmation that the amount of 180 lire was spent to pay for the work of the master craftsman, and this would guarantee that the money was indeed spent. For this purpose, the indorador Pietro Sandrioli, in the company of the aforementioned witnesses, promised and committed to provide a trustworthy and original confirmation issued by a Venetian notary in which these master carvers and painters would state the exact cost of their work while under oath. Then, he would bring or send this confirmation from Venice by the end of the following January. In the event of Sandrioli’s failure to send or bring the confirmation by the end of the following January, he was to be replaced by another master indorador, Zuanne Voicovich, who would be responsible for the payment of the 196 lire in full. Although this document merely regulates some expenditures, it can still be used to establish that the work on the wooden high altar for the Church of St. Dominic at Šibenik was begun before 13 June 1628 when, it seems, it was still ongoing; that the majority of work was done in Venice, and that the indoradori Pietro Sandrioli and Zuanne Voicovich were involved in the production together with numerous unnamed master wood-carvers and painters. It may be concluded that Sandrioli and Voicovich were at that time in Šibenik together, and that they worked on the completion of the altar, decorating it with gilding. Since Pietro Sandrioli was mentioned in the Rab document of 1623 as a resident of Zadar, it can be suggested with a high degree of certainty that he worked for the commissioners who were based in the capital of Dalmatia and its environments. In Venice, the term indoradóri or doradóri denoted those craftsmen who used gold or silver foils to decorate various hand-made objects, most frequently those made of wood. The Indoradóri did not have a guild of their own but formed one of the branches of the confraternity of painters, a member ofwhich, between 1597 and 1610, was a certain Piero de Zen Sandrioli, probably the same master craftsman who worked on the wooden altarpieces at Rab and Šibenik. On the basis of the analysis of archival records and other examples of the production of carved and gilded wooden altars in seventeenth-century Venice and Dalmatia, it is concluded that the making of the wooden altar superstructure from Rab was a task shared by a number of master craftsmen who specialized in the various aspects of carpentry such as the marangoni, tornitori, figuristi, ornatisti and indoradori. Pietro Sandrioli, apart from being responsible for the tasks of an indorador, probably acted as an intermediary of sorts between them and the commissioners. After Pietro Salamone (Hvar, Zadar) and Jacopo Costantini (Trogir), Pietro Sandrioli is the third Venetian indorador to have worked for Dalmatian patrons in the late sixteenth and the early decades of the seventeenth century. Since the indorador Costantini also made the canvas painting of the Virgin and Child with St. Dominic and a donor for the wooden altar in the Dominican church at Trogir, it can be assumed that the indorador Sandrioli may have also been responsible for the painting of the now lost Virgin of the Most Holy Rosary with SS Dominic and Catherine of Siena, which was inset in the wooden altar superstructure of the main altar of the Church of St. Andrew.
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Allios, Dominique. "Murol (Puy-de-Dôme)." Archéologie médiévale, no. 47 (December 20, 2017): 160. http://dx.doi.org/10.4000/archeomed.6835.
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Davies, David. "Puy on ‘Nested Types’." Journal of Aesthetics and Art Criticism 79, no. 2 (March 19, 2021): 251–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jaac/kpab015.
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Martin, Jean-Clément, and Charles Suaud. "Le Puy du Fou." Actes de la recherche en sciences sociales 93, no. 3 (June 1, 1992): 21–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/arss.p1992.93n1.0021.
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Henig, Martin, and John Collis. "L'intaille d'Aulnat (Puy-de-Dôme) / The intaglio of Aulnat (Puy-de-Dôme)." Revue archéologique du Centre de la France 26, no. 2 (1987): 207–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.3406/racf.1987.2537.
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Bamwesigye, Dastan. "Willingness to Pay for Alternative Energies in Uganda: Energy Needs and Policy Instruments towards Zero Deforestation 2030 and Climate Change." Energies 16, no. 2 (January 15, 2023): 980. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en16020980.
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With climate change advancing, the world’s target of zero deforestation by 2030 seems like a dream in Africa’s developing nations. This is because over 90% of households depend on wood fuels for their energy needs. Over the years, the decrease in natural rainforest area has been attributed to deforestation and forest degradation due to human activities, including the huge dependence on wood fuel for energy. Policies on clean energy production and imports to adapt to environmental and climatic implications are long overdue. This study hypothesized that Ugandans are willing to pay for alternative energies to conserve natural forests. The study aimed to examine the energy situation in Uganda and the willingness to pay for alternative energies (WTPEA) to reduce deforestation. This study conducted a dichotomous choice (DC) questionnaire for the willingness to pay for energy alternatives (WTPEA). This research used the questionnaire to collect the data, and a total of 1200 responses were collected and analyzed. The survey results showed that 80% of the respondents demonstrated a willingness to pay on average. The average willingness to pay amount (WTPA) was USD 15, and the median WTP was USD 10. Most of the respondents preferred gas and electricity for household cooking. The logistic regression results showed that their socioeconomic characteristics did not impact their hypothetical WTPEA. The willingness to pay for forest conservation (WTPFC) and the knowledge of forest functions and services were found to positively and significantly impact the WTPEA. The majority of the socioeconomic variables were found to very significantly influence the WTP amount. Furthermore, the WTPFC and charcoal fuel use were found to have a positive and very significant effect on the WTP for alternative energies. The Government of Uganda ought to employ policy tools to boost the imports and production of alternative energies in Uganda to save the depleting forests. This would promote and improve the conservation of virgin tropical rainforests, which are on the brink of extinction, and mitigate the dire climatic conditions.
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Benson, G. P. "Virgin Birth, Virgin Conception." Expository Times 98, no. 5 (February 1987): 139–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/001452468709800504.
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Deberge, Yann. "Orcet (Puy-de-Dôme). Zera." Archéologie médiévale, no. 44 (December 1, 2014): 326. http://dx.doi.org/10.4000/archeomed.9483.
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Attahu, C. Y., J. Yang, KH Wong, and C. K. Thein. "Flexural and shear strength properties of unidirectional carbon fiber reinforced polymer composite interleaved with recycled carbon fiber and short virgin aramid fiber non-woven mats." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 1225, no. 1 (February 1, 2022): 012005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/1225/1/012005.
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Abstract Carbon fiber reinforced polymer composites (CFRPs) are one of the most widely used composite types and wastes associated with them (CFRPs) get generated through either their manufacturing or end-of-service-life. Predominately due to environmental concerns and governmental regulations, recycling these CFRPs is needed and to make use of the recycled carbon fibers (rCFs), a wet paper-making technique was used to convert the rCFs into a 60 g/m2non-woven mat. For comparison purposes, the same technique was used to convert short virgin aramid fibers (vAFs) into a 60 g/m 2 non-woven mat. Each mat was sandwiched with two resin films and then interleaved with 12-ply unidirectional (UD) prepreg tapes (carbon/epoxy). The assemblage was molded into composite laminates using a vacuum bagging assisted compression molding technique, and the samples for the tests were cut using a waterjet machine accordingly. Compared with the control, the results indicate an increment in the flexural modulus, and the specific flexural modulus for the CFRPs with non-woven mats: the flexural modulus increased by approximately 8.2% and 12.0% for the CFRP with rCF and vAF mats, respectively; the specific flexural modulus increased around 9.5% and 13.3%, respectively for the CFRP with rCF and vAF mats. On the other hand, the shear strength approximately decreased by 6.4% and 6.0% for the CFRP with rCF and vAF mats, respectively. The negative shear strength performances of the composite laminates with non-woven mats reflected on their flexural strength performances: the flexural strength increased about 1.1% and decreased by approximately 7.9% for the CFRP with vAF and rCF mats, respectively. To resolve the negative shear strength performances, it is recommended that the surfaces of the mats be treated with a coupling agent to improve their interfacial adhesions.
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Néraudeau, Didier, Romain Vullo, Pierre Bénéfice, Gérard Breton, Éric Dépré, Danièle Gaspard, Vincent Girard, et al. "The paralic Albian–Cenomanian Puy-Puy Lagerstätte (Aquitaine Basin, France): An overview and new data." Cretaceous Research 111 (July 2020): 104124. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cretres.2019.03.022.
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Surmely, Frédéric, and Jay Franklin. "Compains (Puy-de-Dôme). Les Yvérats." Archéologie médiévale, no. 45 (December 1, 2015): 172–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.4000/archeomed.7562.
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Deberge, Yann. "Orbeil (Puy-de-Dôme). Les Toureaux." Archéologie médiévale, no. 44 (December 1, 2014): 234–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.4000/archeomed.9221.
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Troubat, Olivier. "Limons (Puy-de-Dôme). Les Baraques." Archéologie médiévale, no. 44 (December 1, 2014): 330. http://dx.doi.org/10.4000/archeomed.9493.
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Pesenti, Claire. "Pérignac (Charente). Le Puy du Rat." Archéologie médiévale, no. 42 (December 1, 2012): 207. http://dx.doi.org/10.4000/archeomed.10859.
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Lautier, Laurence. "Lezoux (Puy-de-Dôme). Le Rincé." Archéologie médiévale, no. 48 (December 20, 2018): 216–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.4000/archeomed.16601.
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Vullo, Romain, Didier Néraudeau, and Eric Dépré. "Vertebrate remains from the Cenomanian (Late Cretaceous) plant-bearing Lagerstätte of Puy-Puy (Charente-Maritime, France)." Cretaceous Research 45 (October 2013): 314–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cretres.2013.06.002.
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Renard, Pascal, Angelica Bianco, Jean-Luc Baray, Maxime Bridoux, Anne-Marie Delort, and Laurent Deguillaume. "Classification of Clouds Sampled at the Puy de Dôme Station (France) Based on Chemical Measurements and Air Mass History Matrices." Atmosphere 11, no. 7 (July 10, 2020): 732. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atmos11070732.
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A statistical analysis of 295 cloud samples collected at the Puy de Dôme station in France (PUY), covering the period 2001–2018, was conducted using principal component analysis (PCA), agglomerative hierarchical clustering (AHC), and partial least squares (PLS) regression. Our model classified the cloud water samples on the basis of their chemical concentrations and of the dynamical history of their air masses estimated with back-trajectory calculations. The statistical analysis split our dataset into two sets, i.e., the first set characterized by westerly air masses and marine characteristics, with high concentrations of sea salts and the second set having air masses originating from the northeastern sector and the “continental” zone, with high concentrations of potentially anthropogenic ions. It appears from our dataset that the influence of cloud microphysics remains minor at PUY as compared with the impact of the air mass history, i.e., physicochemical processes, such as multiphase reactivity.
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Jean-Courret, Ézéchiel. "Le Puy-Paulin à Bordeaux : porte possible de l’enceinte antique et maison médiévale des Bordeaux/Puy-Paulin." Aquitania : une revue inter-régionale d'archéologie 27, no. 1 (2011): 297–328. http://dx.doi.org/10.3406/aquit.2011.957.
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Tixier, Luc, and Joël Vital. "Observations sur trois fosses du Bronze Final 3 découvertes au Puy Saint-André de Busséol (Puy-de-Dôme) / Observations following the discovery of three Late Bronze Age 3 pits from Puy Saint-André de Busséol (Puy-de-Dôme)." Revue archéologique du Centre de la France 24, no. 1 (1985): 17–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.3406/racf.1985.2416.
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Mussagaliyeva, Arailym, and Roza Mussabekova. "Karlag in the Fate of the Scientist Alexandra Zaitseva." Vestnik Volgogradskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta. Serija 4. Istorija. Regionovedenie. Mezhdunarodnye otnoshenija, no. 1 (February 2022): 115–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.15688/jvolsu4.2022.1.10.
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Introduction. The article examines the activities of the Russian repressed scientist, agronomistsoil scientist, laureate of the Lenin Prize in the field of agriculture Alexandra Zaitseva and her contribution to the development of agriculture in Kazakhstan. Materials. The article uses archival documents, and many sources are introduced into scientific circulation for the first time. In particular, the documents of the State Archive of Karaganda region on scientific and technical documentation, the State Archive of Akmola region and materials of periodicals of those years were studied. Analysis and results. The authors comprehensively investigate her scientific activities in Akmola and Karaganda regions and pay special attention to her contribution and new scientific discoveries in the steppe arid zone. The study examines the merits of A. Zaitseva in the opening of an experimental station as part of the Akmola camp of wives of “traitors to the Motherland”, known as the women’s camp in the Soviet Union. It also presents her activities as a researcher in Karlag as a head of the department of agrotechnics and agrochemistry during the Great Patriotic War and in the difficult post-war years. In particular, her contribution to the sowing of winter wheat on the stubble of spring crops and grassland crop-rotation, introduced into the production practice of collective and state farms in Karaganda region. Separately, her activities in the All-Union Research Institute of Grain Farming in Akmola region as a head of the department of agrosoil science have been investigated. Particular attention is paid to her participation in the practices to reduce wind erosion while developing virgin and fallow lands in Northern Kazakhstan.
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Chen, Daniel L. "Gender Violence and the Price of Virginity: Theory and Evidence of Incomplete Marriage Contracts." Journal of Religion and Demography 7, no. 2 (October 6, 2020): 190–221. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/2589742x-12347108.
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Abstract This paper builds and tests a model of marriage as an incomplete contract that arises from asymmetric virginity premiums and examines whether this can lead to social inefficiencies. Contrary to the efficient households hypothesis, women cannot prevent being appropriated by men once they enter marriage if they command lower marriage market opportunities upon divorce. Because men cannot or do not commit to compensating women for their lower ex post marriage market opportunities, marriage is an incomplete contract. Men may seek to lower women’s ex ante “market wages” in order to induce entry into joint production. Inefficient or abusive marriages are less likely to separate. Equalizing virginity premiums may reduce domestic and non-domestic violence. Female circumcision and prices women pay doctors to appear virgin before marriage in many countries suggest asymmetric virginity premiums continue to exist. Evidence from China and the US suggest asymmetric virginity premiums persist over economic development. Asymmetric virginity premiums are strongly positively correlated with female but not male virginity premiums. I use variation in religious upbringing to help estimate the effect of virginity premiums on gender violence in the US. The OLS relationship between virginity premiums and female reports of forced sex may be biased downwards if shame is associated with abuse and this shame is greater for women with higher virginity premiums. But the OLS relationship for males might not be biased downwards. Asymmetric virginity premiums are positively correlated with men forcing sex on women and paying women for sex. The model complements a growing empirical literature on inefficient households and human rights abuses, visible manifestations of female appropriability across time and space.
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SHU, JUNMING, ARTHAS YANG, PEKKA SALMINEN, and HENRI VAITTINEN. "Development and production experience of the multilayer curtain-coated linerboard of Ji’an PM No. 3,." February 2014 13, no. 2 (March 1, 2014): 17–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.32964/tj13.2.17.
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The Ji’an PM No. 3 is the first linerboard machine in China to use multilayer curtain coating technology. Since successful startup at the end of 2011, further development has been carried out to optimize running conditions, coating formulations, and the base paper to provide a product with satisfactory quality and lower cost to manufacture. The key challenges include designing the base board structure for the desired mechanical strength, designing the surface properties for subsequent coating operations, optimizing the high-speed running of the curtain coater to enhance production efficiency, minimizing the amount of titanium dioxide in the coating color, and balancing the coated board properties to make them suitable for both offset and flexographic printing. The pilot and mill scale results show that curtain coating has a major positive impact on brightness, while smoothness is improved mainly by the blade coating and calendering conditions. Optimization of base board properties and the blade + curtain + blade concept has resulted in the successful use of 100% recycled fiber to produce base board. The optical, mechanical, and printability properties of the final coated board meet market requirements for both offset and flexographic printing. Machine runnability is excellent at the current speed of 1000 m/min, and titanium dioxide has been eliminated in the coating formulations without affecting the coating coverage. A significant improvement in the total cost of coated white liner production has been achieved, compared to the conventional concept of using virgin fiber in the top ply. Future development will focus on combining low cost with further quality improvements to make linerboard suitable for a wider range of end-use applications, including frozen-food packaging and folding boxboard.
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Alexandre, Arnaud, and Élise Nectoux. "Saint-Nectaire (Puy-de-Dôme). Église (chœur)." Archéologie médiévale, no. 38 (December 1, 2008): 225–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.4000/archeomed.22253.
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Lautier, Laurence. "Lezoux (Puy-de-Dôme). Rue de Chazerat." Archéologie médiévale, no. 46 (December 1, 2016): 182. http://dx.doi.org/10.4000/archeomed.7194.
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Allios, Dominique. "Murol (Puy-de-Dôme). Commune et château." Archéologie médiévale, no. 44 (December 1, 2014): 200. http://dx.doi.org/10.4000/archeomed.9082.
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Marot, Emmanuel. "Saint-Germain-du-Puy (Cher). Les Boubards." Archéologie médiévale, no. 44 (December 1, 2014): 209. http://dx.doi.org/10.4000/archeomed.9113.
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Hénault, Denis. "Mozac (Puy-de-Dôme). L’abbaye Saint-Pierre." Archéologie médiévale, no. 44 (December 1, 2014): 232. http://dx.doi.org/10.4000/archeomed.9216.
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