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Rajczyk, Jarosław. "New Material Solutions for Road Surface Construction Made of WMA." Advanced Materials Research 1020 (October 2014): 811–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1020.811.
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The need for modernization and adjustment of existing road infrastructure to European Union requirements will result in the need for processing thousands tones of waste. The amount of waste received from road repairs and road demolitions, as well as technological by-products in Poland may be estimated at the level over 2.5 million tones, which is almost 2% of all waste production. Construction waste recycling is truly justified in this case, together with waste management according to the provisions of national and international law. One of such products is dust generated as a side effect of stone processing in a Casey mine in Ireland. Laboratory tests of the new material compositions with the use of waste from this mine not only realize the general aims of economic and ecological assumptions, but also allow increasing quality of a new product which is an asphalt-concrete composite. In order to check the properties of the use of a filler in a form of Hornfels Ireland powder there was conducted a series of special tests on the asphalt concrete testing the wearing course. Hornfels Ireland powder produced as a waste material of an aggregate processing in Cassey Quarry is a useful material, which may be successfully used as a component in a process of WMA production.
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Žibret, Gorazd, Bruno Lemiere, Ana-Maria Mendez, Carlo Cormio, Danielle Sinnett, Peter Cleall, Katalin Szabó, and M. Teresa Carvalho. "National Mineral Waste Databases as an Information Source for Assessing Material Recovery Potential from Mine Waste, Tailings and Metallurgical Waste." Minerals 10, no. 5 (May 16, 2020): 446. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/min10050446.
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We examined the national mine waste registries from seven European countries, created to fulfil the requirements of the “Mine Waste Directive” (2006/21/EC), for their potential use as an initial source of information for the valorisation of specific mine waste deposits for their resource recovery. A set of parameters for mine waste valorisation was defined and divided into three groups: the “basic”, the “metal-centric” and the “material-centric” group. The “basic” group of 19 parameters considers properties of the mine waste deposit, including the location, history, homogeneity and quantity, among others, while the other two groups relate to the two desired material recovery types. The “metal-centric” group of parameters contains the six parameters needed to preliminarily assess the potential to valorise mine waste for metal extraction, while the “material-centric” group contains the nine parameters needed to consider the use of mine waste for the production of different construction materials. National mine waste registries from Slovenia, France, Spain, Italy, UK, Hungary and Portugal were reviewed to determine whether they contain information about each of the parameters. In line with the objectives of the Mine Waste Directive, the national mine waste registries were developed to reduce or prevent environmental damage, and not to enable resource recovery from mine waste. The registries contain most of the information for the parameters in the “basic” group, less information for the parameters in the “metal-centric” group and almost no information to define the parameters in the “material-centric” group. The conclusion is that national mine waste registries could serve only as an initial source of information, and more detailed information must be obtained from other sources. This misses an opportunity to see these sites as a resource, and not only as a potential source of pollution, given the urgent need to find alternative stocks of metals within the EU (European Union).
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Gopez, Renato Guiao. "Utilizing Mine Tailings as Substitute Construction Material: The Use of Waste Materials in Roller Compacted Concrete." OALib 02, no. 12 (2015): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/oalib.1102199.
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Amrani, Mustapha, Yassine Taha, Azzouz Kchikach, Mostafa Benzaazoua, and Rachid Hakkou. "Valorization of Phosphate Mine Waste Rocks as Materials for Road Construction." Minerals 9, no. 4 (April 17, 2019): 237. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/min9040237.
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The road construction sector is a worldwide high consumer of natural aggregates. The use of unusual industrial by-products in road techniques can contribute to the conservation of non-renewable natural resources and the reduction of wastes produced by some industries. Phosphate waste rocks could be considered as potential alternative secondary raw materials in road construction. The use and valorization of these wastes is currently limited according to the Moroccan guide for road earthworks (GMTR). The guide has classified these materials as waste products, which consequently, cannot be used in road construction. However, phosphate waste rocks are sedimentary natural rocks which have not been subjected to any transformation other than mechanical fragmentation. The goal of this paper is to discuss key-properties of various phosphate mine waste rocks (PMWR) to be used as road materials. Samples were taken from different stockpiles in the phosphate mine site of Gantour in Morocco. The different waste rocks samples were characterized in terms of their physical, geotechnical, chemical, mineralogical and environmental properties using international testing norms. The obtained results showed that the studied PMWR presented satisfying characteristics; the specific (particle) density: ρs > 26 kN/m3, Los Angeles abrasion: 45% < LA < 58%), methylene blue value MBV < 1 g/100g, organic matter: OM < 1% and plasticity index: PI < 20%. All PMWR were confirmed as possessing the requested geotechnical properties to be used as materials for embankments. Moreover, leaching tests showed that none of them released any contaminants. In field application, these materials have been also successfully used in in situ experimental pilot testing. Therefore, the PMWR have to be classified in the category of natural aggregates that are similar to conventional materials.
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Amrani, Mustapha, Yassine Taha, Yassine El Haloui, Mostafa Benzaazoua, and Rachid Hakkou. "Sustainable Reuse of Coal Mine Waste: Experimental and Economic Assessments for Embankments and Pavement Layer Applications in Morocco." Minerals 10, no. 10 (September 26, 2020): 851. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/min10100851.
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This paper deals with the potential reuse of coal mine waste rocks (CMWR) as an alternative material for road construction to conserve the natural resources and sustainable management of mining waste. The investigation was conducted through the determination of the chemical, mineralogical, geotechnical properties, and acid mine drainage formulation of CMWR as well as economic feasibility. This waste was used either alone for embankments and mixed with stabilizing agents fly ash (FA) and hydraulic road binder (HRB) for pavement applications. The experimental results confirmed that weathered CMWR can be successfully used alone as a sustainable alternative material for the embankment. Furthermore, the use of stabilizing agents in the following ratio CMWR:FA:HRB = 80:20:5 allow the use of CMWR in road sub-base layers for high-traffic pavements. Also, the environmental investigations showed that CMWR does not present any potential contaminating risk on the surrounding environment and most of the pyrite particles were already oxidized. Therefore, the environmental impact of acid mine drainage produced by pyritic waste throughout its life cycle can be neglected. Finally, an economic case study confirmed the workability of CMWR reuse in a radius of 29 km around their dumps by resulting in a lower cost compared with conventional materials.
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Suárez González, Jesús, Iñigo Lopez Boadella, Fernando López Gayarre, Carlos López-Colina Pérez, Miguel Serrano López, and Flavio Stochino. "Use of Mining Waste to Produce Ultra-High-Performance Fibre-Reinforced Concrete." Materials 13, no. 11 (May 28, 2020): 2457. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma13112457.
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This research work analyses the influence of the use of by-products from a fluorite mine to replace the fine fraction of natural aggregates, on the properties of Ultra-High-Performance Fibre-Reinforced Concrete (UHPFRC). Replacing natural aggregates for different kinds of wastes is becoming common in concrete manufacturing and there are a number of studies into the use of waste from the construction sector in UHPFRC. However, there is very little work concerning the use of waste from the mining industry. Furthermore, most of the existing studies focus on granite wastes. So, using mining sand waste is an innovative alternative to replace natural aggregates in the manufacture of UHPFRC. The substitutions in this study are of 50%, 70% and 100% by volume of 0–0.5 mm natural silica sand. The results obtained show that the variations in the properties of consistency, compressive strength, modulus of elasticity and tensile strength, among others, are acceptable for substitutions of up to 70%. Therefore, fluorite mining sand waste is proved to be a viable alternative in the manufacturing of UHPFRC.
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Milad, Abdalrhman, Ahmed Suliman B. Ali, Ali Mohammed Babalghaith, Zubair Ahmed Memon, Nuha S. Mashaan, Salaheddin Arafa, and Nur Izzi Md. Yusoff. "Utilisation of Waste-Based Geopolymer in Asphalt Pavement Modification and Construction—A Review." Sustainability 13, no. 6 (March 17, 2021): 3330. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13063330.
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The use of geopolymer in pavement constructions is strongly encouraged. Many studies have demonstrated the vast potential of using industrial-by-products-based geopolymers. This paper discusses the modification of asphalt binders with geopolymers, namely geopolymer-modified asphalt (GMA) and geopolymer-modified asphalt mixture (GMAM). In addition, curing geopolymer materials, engineering properties, production techniques, and prospective utilisation in the pavement construction, such as durability and sustainability, are also discussed. The literature review showed that many industrial by-products, including red mud, blast furnace slag, fly ash, and mine waste, are used to produce geopolymers because of the metal components such as silicon and aluminium in these materials. The geopolymers from these materials influence the rheological and physical properties of asphalt binders. Geopolymers can enhance asphalt mixture performance, such as stability, fatigue, rutting, and low-temperature cracking. The use of geopolymers in asphalt pavement has beneficial impacts on sustainability and economic and environmental benefits.
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Lehmann, R., and R. Czarwinski. "Influence of Shallow Mine-Workings on the Radon Concentrations in Houses: A Problem of Old Mining Regions." Radiation Protection Dosimetry 56, no. 1-4 (December 1, 1994): 41–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.rpd.a082419.
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Abstract In some regions of the German New Federal Lands, residues from early mining characterise the radiological situation and can also influence the radon concentration in buildings. Construction on waste rock with increased radium concentration, the use of waste rock as building material and construction above shallow mine shafts and adits are important in this connection. In Saxony, for instance, one has to reckon with probably hundreds of buildings that may be influenced by radon from shallow mine workings. Very short-term changes of radon concentrations in buildings over several orders of magnitude was well as their close temporal correlation with the underground airflow clearly indicate influences from underground. In Schneeberg and Schlema, fluctuations of radon concentration in buildings of several 10,000 Bq.m-3 within one hour were observed. In Schneeberg, the old mine was ventilated artificially by installing a ventilator with an output volume of 500 m3min-1. Thus the radon concentration in buildings of the central city area has been reduced. In Schlema, the radon rich shafts of early mining are ventilated at present by the still active ventilation system of the suspended uranium ore mining. In 1992, during the first six months, 4.5 x 109 m3 of mine air with a radon activity of 6.3 x 1014Bq were extracted from the mine. If the mine ventilators are switched off, radon concentration in buildings over mine shaft increases sharply by two orders of magnitude.
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Petrounias, Petros, Aikaterini Rogkala, Panagiota Giannakopoulou, Basilios Tsikouras, Paraskevi Lampropoulou, Stavros Kalaitzidis, Konstantin Hatzipanagiotou, Nicolaos Lambrakis, and Marina Christopoulou. "An Experimental Study for the Remediation of Industrial Waste Water Using a Combination of Low Cost Mineral Raw Materials." Minerals 9, no. 4 (March 30, 2019): 207. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/min9040207.
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This paper investigates an alternative use of sterile aggregate materials which may arise from various construction applications in conjunction with other low-cost mineral raw materials to remediate the acid mine drainage phenomenon. This study is based on the combination of unprocessed mineral raw materials, as well as on the basic concept of the cyclic economy where the conversion of a waste into a raw material for another application can be achieved. In this study, in order to examine the remediation, in lab scale, of the drainage waste water of Agios Philippos mine, an experimental electrically continuous flow-driven forced device was constructed, enriching the research gap relative to this type of remediation approach. Through this experimental device, the use of certain mixes of mineral raw materials (serpentinite, andesite, magnesite, peat, and biochar) was studied. Our results focus on the impact of the studied mineral raw materials and especially on their synergy on the water purification potential under continuous water flow operation. Using the new 7-day experimental electrically continuous flow-driven forced device with certain mixes of mineral raw materials, the increase of pH values from 3.00 to 6.82 was achieved. Moreover, with use of the experimental device, the removal of toxic load was achieved, and more specifically the concentration of Fe was decreased from 6149 to 1300 ppb, Cu from 8847 to 35 ppb, and Zn from 285,458 to 50,000 ppb.
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Klojzy-Karczmarczyk, Beata, Janusz Mazurek, and Krzysztof Paw. "Possibilities of Utilization of Aggregates and Extractive Waste from Hard Coal Mining at Janina Mine in the Process of Reclamation of Open-pit Mines." Gospodarka Surowcami Mineralnymi 32, no. 3 (September 1, 2016): 111–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/gospo-2016-0030.
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AbstractIn recent years, the economic importance of gangue mined during coal production has changed and it is currently treated more and more often not as waste but as a source of mineral resources for economic use. The overriding objective throughout the reclamation process of open-pit mines associated with the utilization of external material is to make sure that the placement of waste rock on the surface does not cause damage to the environment. The paper presents results of the diagnosis and evaluation of the possibility of filling open-pit mine workings with mining waste or other materials, for example aggregates produced on the basis of gangue, originating in the Janina Mine mining plant (a subsidiary of TAURON Wydobycie S.A.). The study involved aggregate or coal silts from dewatering on the filter presses. The evaluation refers to the legal aspects and takes the requirements of pollution prevention into account, with a particular emphasis on soil, surface water and groundwater. The analysis of the potential impact on the soil and water environment of the project involving reclamation of the open-pit excavation with the use of minerals or waste from coal mining was carried out based on a study of the total content of sulfur and other elements in the samples pierwiastków (As, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Hg, Mo, Ni, Pb, V and Zn), as well as of the leaching of components. Moreover, an examination of the coefficient of permeability and porosity was conducted, which allowed the suitability of the material for the construction of insulating layers to be determined. The physical and chemical analyses were conducted on a total of over a dozen samples of waste rock, a byproduct of the enrichment of coal in the Janina Mine plant. The specific studies of the total sulfur content were conducted for the 16 primary samples scattered into 15 fractions each. Moreover, the so-called secondary samples were created, meaning that fine fractions of less than 20 mm and less than 10 mm were rejected. The total content of the selected components was examined for such crafted samples and their concentrations were determined in the leachable form (batch test 1:10). In the case of use of waste rock as an aggregate for quarry reclamation, a comparative analysis was applied to the legal requirements assigned to the mining waste and the quality of soil and water environment. Based on the conducted studies, it has been concluded that the coal silts (filter cakes) are characterized by good insulating properties and can be used for waterproofing objects, especially in the industrial, communications and mining areas. However, coal silts do not meet the quality requirements, mainly due to their slightly increased chlorides content, in addition to being a waste, which in some cases limits the possibility of their use. The best quality parameters were found for the gangue from the Janina Mine (on the basis of which aggregates are manufactured), but deprived of fine fractions. Physical and chemical analyses of the total content of elements in the secondary samples showed that the obtained values are within the allowable ranges determined by appropriate regulations for the vast majority of samples. The limit of 1% was assumed for the sulfur content. The conducted research on the leaching of pollutants indicates that the tested samples do not introduce contaminants exceeding the limit values for the analyzed metals and sulfates. Only single exceedances of the analyzed parameters are observed. The test results allow to conclude that it is possible to obtain a useful product that meets the requirements of environmental protection, but only after the rejection of fine fractions of the waste material.
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Aitkazinova Sh.A.,, Bek А.А.,, Derbisov K.T.,, Donenbayeva N.S.,, Nurpeissova M.B.,, and Levin Е.,. "PREPARING SOLUTIONS BASED ON INDUSTRIAL WASTE FOR FRACTURED SURFACE STRENGTHENING." NEWS of National Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Kazakhstan 5, no. 443 (October 15, 2020): 13–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.32014/2020.2518-170x.99.
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Results of longstanding researches of Satbayev University scientists on the development of modified building materials to strengthen cracked mountain structures based on industrial waste are considered. Industrial processing of technogenic raw materials (enrichment and processing waste, overburden and enclosing rocks), which is similar in composition to natural and used in conventional trend, scarcely different from industrial processing of mineral raw materials. Creation of effective technologies for the processing of technogenic raw materials is an urgent task, which make it possible to obtain competitive products from it for various industries. Various methods of preparing solutions for strengthening of fractured rocks and building structures are analyzed. Research results of tailings of the Balkhash Mining and Metallurgical Combine and preparing solutions for strengthening fractured rocks and underground mining structures are presented. Rock mass strengthening in cracked areas is achieved by adding substances into the cracks, which after hardening and solidification with rocks, increase its shearing resistance characteristics. The most widespread hardening methods were cementation during mine workings (underground structures) in fractured rocks. Significance of obtained results for construction industry is in expansion and reproduction of raw material base of building materials industry through the use of Mining and metallurgical complex waste (tailings) and development of resource-saving technologies. Practical significance of work is in the detailed development of modified method for the production of building materials and products.
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Buryan, Petr, Zdeněk Bučko, and Petr Mika. "A Complex Use of the Materials Extracted from an Open-Cast Lignite Mine." Archives of Mining Sciences 59, no. 4 (December 1, 2014): 1107–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/amsc-2014-0077.
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Abstract The company Sokolovská uhelná, was the largest producer of city gas in the Czech Republic. After its substitution by natural gas the gasification technology became the basis of the production of electricity in the combine cycle power plant with total output 400 MW. For the possibility of gasification of liquid by- -products forming during the coal gasification a entrained-flow gasifier capable to process also alternative liquid fuels has been in installed. The concentrated waste gas with these sulphur compounds is conducted to the desulphurisation where the highly desired, pure, 96 % H2SO4 is produced. Briquettable brown coal is crushed, milled and dried and then it is passed into briquetting presses where briquettes, used mainly as a fuel in households, are pressed without binder in the punch under the pressure of 175 MPa. Fine brown coal dust (multidust) is commercially used for heat production in pulverized-coal burners. It forms not only during coal drying after separation on electrostatic separators, but it is also acquired by milling of dried coal in a vibratory bar mill. Slag from boilers of classical power plant, cinder form generators and ashes deposited at the dump are dehydrated and they are used as a quality bedding material during construction of communications in the mines of SUAS. Fly ash is used in building industry for partial substitution of cement in concrete. Flue gases after separation of fly ash are desulphurized by wet limestone method, where the main product is gypsum used, among others, in the building industry. Expanded clays from overburdens of coal seams, that are raw material for the production of “Liapor” artificial aggregate, are used heavily. This artificial aggregate is characterized by outstanding thermal and acoustic insulating properties.
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Copetti Callai, Sergio, Piergiorgio Tataranni, and Cesare Sangiorgi. "Preliminary Evaluation of Geopolymer Mix Design Applying the Design of Experiments Method." Infrastructures 6, no. 3 (March 4, 2021): 35. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/infrastructures6030035.
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The use of waste materials in road construction is becoming widely spread due to economic and environmental needs. Construction and demolition waste materials and mining residues have been studied for a long time. However, the use of fine materials, mainly from mine tailing and mining residue, is still complex, as they can be used as inert materials into the mix or can become a reactive agent in geopolymer mixes. In the present paper, an experimental application of basalt powder is proposed in the geopolymerisation reaction to produce artificial aggregates. In order to understand the input and output variables’ interactions used in the mix design, a statistical method called Design of Experiments was applied. With this design approach, it was possible to optimize the mix design of the experimental geopolymer mortars. The study evaluated several mixes with respect to their workability, compressive strength, and success rate of aggregates production. Finally, a model for predicting compressive strength is proposed and evaluated.
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Addou, R., K. Hannawi Salmo, Z. Zenasni, W. P. Agbodjan, and M. Zenasni. "Study of the mechanical behavior of light mortars produced by thermal treatment, with coal waste of Jerada mine (eastern Morocco)." MATEC Web of Conferences 286 (2019): 03006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201928603006.
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This paper investigates the mechanical properties of light mortars containing coal waste of Jerada mine, as a volume replacement for sand, with different percentages of substitution: 10%, 20% and 50%. The results revealed a decrease in the mechanical properties of composite mortars, including uniaxial compression and flexural strength as well as rigidity modulus. However, the heat treatment improves their ductility, and delays the propagation of cracks. Thus, the developed material is interesting for use in construction, serving as a basis for manufacturing prefabricated blocks treated at 600°C. These elements can be used for applications with large deformations, or with mechanical or acoustic vibrations.
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S, Shwetha. "Utilization of Abandoned Mine Soil in Making Bricks to Be Used for Construction Activity." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 9, no. 9 (September 30, 2021): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2021.37393.
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Abstract: Mining is a process of extraction of valuable minerals or geological substances from the earth; however, mining degrades the ecosystem. Earlier studies have discovered that about 10-15% of the ore mined is not utilized and discarded due to lack of cost-effective extraction technology for low graded ore in India. These soils cause environmental degradation as they do not support the growth of vegetation. Thus, the land becomes abandoned and fits for nothing. These soils have created an unsolved problem in mining industries. Bringing a solution to this issue is a challenging task. And it is necessary due to the presence of heavy metals in them. Concomitantly, there is a substantial demand for the construction materials. Due to increase in the population the need for shelter is increasing day by day. So, it is imperious to use these mining soils in building materials such as bricks, concrete blocks and other products which are of high value in day-to-day life. In the present study we attempt to prepare non modular bricks by using iron tailings or soils and clay soil. Here in this study we prepared different bricks varying their composition with respect to percentage of mine waste viz... 0,20,40,60,80, 100.The bricks made up 20%, 40%, 60% of mine soil replaced with the regular clay soil, attained compressive strength of 10.07MPa, 7.11MPa, 3.95MPa respectively with a water absorption of 14.57%, 15.61%, 18.44% respectively. So, mined soil which is unfertile and useless otherwise can answer sustainability by going for Brick making. Keywords: Mine soil, Bricks, compressive strength, water absorption
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El Machi, Aiman, Safaa Mabroum, Yassine Taha, Arezki Tagnit-Hamou, Mostafa Benzaazoua, and Rachid Hakkou. "Use of flint from phosphate mine waste rocks as an alternative aggregates for concrete." Construction and Building Materials 271 (February 2021): 121886. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2020.121886.
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Tolstoy, Aleksandr, Valery Lesovik, Roman Fediuk, Mugahed Amran, Murali Gunasekaran, Nikolai Vatin, and Yuriy Vasilev. "Production of Greener High-Strength Concrete Using Russian Quartz Sandstone Mine Waste Aggregates." Materials 13, no. 23 (December 7, 2020): 5575. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma13235575.
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Quartz sandstone (QS) is a mine waste; therefore, its use in construction allows for both reducing the cost of the concrete and contributing to the utilization of waste. The scientific originality of this study is the identification of models of the effect of QS aggregate on the physicomechanical, durability characteristics, and eco-safety of greener high-strength concrete. The study used an energy-efficient method of non-thermal effects of electromagnetic pulses on the destruction mechanisms of quartz-containing raw materials. The characteristics of quartzite sandstone aggregates, including the natural activity of radionuclides, were comprehensively studied. The features of concrete hardening, including the formation of an interfacial transition zone between the aggregate and the cement matrix, were studied, taking into account the chemical and morphological features of quartzite sandstone. In addition, the microstructural and morphological properties of concrete were determined after a 28 day curing. In this study, the behaviors of the concrete with QS aggregate were investigated, bearing in mind the provisions of geomimetics science on the affinity of structures. The results obtained showed that the QS aggregate had the activity of natural radionuclides 3–4 times lower compared to traditional aggregates. Efficient greener concrete with a 46.3 MPa compressive strength, water permeability grade W14, and freeze–thaw resistance of 300 cycles were also obtained, demonstrating that the performance of this greener concrete was comparable to that of traditional concrete with more expensive granite or gabbro diabase aggregates.
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Khisa, Kelvin, and Arthur Onyuka. "Greening Kenya’s Special Economic Zones and Industrial Parks: Achieving their Competitiveness in the face of Resource Scarcity and a Changing Climate Regime." INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF INNOVATION AND ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT 4, no. 4 (2018): 31–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.18775/ijied.1849-7551-7020.2015.44.2002.
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The culture of industrialization through special economic zones (SEZs) and industrial parks (IPs) is gathering momentum in Kenya. Increasingly, the Kenyan private sector is recognizing that SEZs/ IPs do provide an enabling environment for manufacturing comprising of energy, water, telecommunications, transport, and waste management infrastructure that is non-existent in other manufacturing locations across the country. Because SEZs/ IPs concentrate industries in delimited zones, their strict adherence to the ideals of resource use efficiency and eco-innovation as well as waste and by-product exchange through industrial symbiosis (IS) will enable them increase their productivity and lower their carbon footprints while remaining competitive. Unfortunately, the current master plans governing the planning, design, construction, and operationalization of the country’s SEZs/IPs are based on the wasteful linear economic development model of extracting raw materials, converting them into consumable products and discarding the resultant wastes into the landfill/ dumpsite. This traditional linear economic development model is characterized with linear flows of matter, where raw material inputs are mined, value added into desired products, made use of, and discarded with a trail of waste at every stage of the supply chain. Such an approach to economic development can only be sustainable in a situation where the country is endowed with endless resources for its increasing demand and that land is always available for waste disposal. This is certainly not the case for Kenya. As a result, there is emerging international consensus that over-reliance on wasteful linear economic development models is no longer sustainable. A much more promising economic development model is one that seeks to promote a circular economy that is powered by enhanced resource use efficiency, the adoption of the 3R philosophy of reducing, reusing, and recycling wastes, before engaging industrial symbiosis to deal with the inevitable residual waste. This paper highlights the environmental and socio-economic benefits of the spontaneous evolution of industrial symbiosis at the Athi River SEZ in four clusters. The results reveal a spontaneously emerging cluster network within the economic zone that is largely driven by the prevailing forces of supply and demand; an existing intercompany material flow system that is being hampered by a weak waste recovery and recycling infrastructure; a limited application of the principles of industrial ecology in mitigating the environmental challenges of the economic zone; and a weak governance structure that is incapable of enabling the entire economic zone to assume low-carbon, resource efficient and climate resilient operational status.
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Drozdowski, Bonnie L., M. Anne Naeth, and Sarah R. Wilkinson. "Evaluation of substrate and amendment materials for soil reclamation at a diamond mine in the Northwest Territories, Canada." Canadian Journal of Soil Science 92, no. 1 (January 2012): 77–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjss2011-029.
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Drozdowski, B. L., Naeth, M. A. and Wilkinson, S. R. 2012. Evaluation of substrate and amendment materials for soil reclamation at a diamond mine in the Northwest Territories, Canada. Can. J. Soil Sci. 92: 77–88. Mine waste materials with potential for use in soil construction at a diamond mine in the Northwest Territories were evaluated to address physical and chemical limitations for plant establishment, growth and development. Substrates were glacial till, gravel, processed kimberlite, and 50:50 and 25:75 mixes of processed kimberlite and till. Amendments were salvaged topsoil, sewage sludge, inorganic fertilizer and sludge from a water treatment facility. Reclamation soils constructed with these materials were adequate for revegetation. Mixes of processed kimberlite and glacial till enhanced soil structure and diluted adverse concentrations of elements. The original gravel pad, alone or amended, was a suitable substrate for plants. Addition of organic amendments topsoil and sludge, to any substrate, increased organic matter, nutrients and surface water retention. Of amendments evaluated, salvaged topsoil provided the most consistent increase in plant density among substrates. Inorganic fertilizer applied to gravel or till provided results similar to those with topsoil. Sludge had potential to amend mixes of processed kimberlite and till, although results were variable. Sewage was a good source of organic matter, increasing soil water content and macro nutrients. Vegetation response was poor in sewage-amended treatments likely due to combined effects of high copper, molybdenum, phosphorus, selenium, sulphate and zinc.
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Kijo-Kleczkowska, Agnieszka. "Research on coal-water fuel combustion in a circulating fluidized bed / Badanie spalania zawiesinowych paliw węglowo-wodnych w cyrkulacyjnej warstwie fluidalnej." Archives of Mining Sciences 57, no. 1 (October 29, 2012): 79–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10267-012-0006-5.
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In the paper the problem of heavily-watered fuel combustion has been undertaken as the requirements of qualitative coals combusted in power stations have been growing. Coal mines that want to fulfill expectations of power engineers have been forced to extend and modernize the coal enrichment plants. This causes growing quantity of waste materials that arise during the process of wet coal enrichment containing smaller and smaller under-grains. In this situation the idea of combustion of transported waste materials, for example in a hydraulic way to the nearby power stations appears attractive because of a possible elimination of the necessary deep dehydration and drying as well as because of elimination of the finest coal fraction loss arising during discharging of silted water from coal wet cleaning plants. The paper presents experimental research results, analyzing the process of combustion of coal-water suspension depending on the process conditions. Combustion of coal-water suspensions in fluidized beds meets very well the difficult conditions, which should be obtained to use the examined fuel efficiently and ecologically. The suitable construction of the research stand enables recognition of the mechanism of coal-water suspension contact with the inert material, that affects the fluidized bed. The form of this contact determines conditions of heat and mass exchange, which influence the course of a combustion process. The specificity of coal-water fuel combustion in a fluidized bed changes mechanism and kinetics of the process.
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Teixeira, Marcílio Baltazar, Christianne de Lyra Nogueira, and Waldyr Lopes de Oliveira Filho. "Numerical simulation of hillside mine waste dump construction." Rem: Revista Escola de Minas 65, no. 4 (December 2012): 553–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0370-44672012000400018.
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In activities involving disposal of mine waste in a dump, it is necessary to carry out a preliminary study of the mechanical behavior of both dump and the foundation materials. Due to the complexity of this problem, numerical techniques are essential for providing an approximate answer to the problem. Thus, the finite element method (FEM) was used to evaluate the stress-strain-strength behavior of a hillside waste dump built on a deformable foundation by the ascending method; the results of which are herein presented. The dump material is considered to be Morh-Coulomb nonlinear elastic perfectly plastic while the foundation material is considered to be linear elastic. The numerical simulation of mine waste dump construction is carried out by the "gravity turn on" technique and the dynamic mesh procedure. Different geometric configurations are analyzed and it is concluded that some requirements established by law should be reviewed and refined.
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Carlson, Roderick. "Understanding Geologic Uncertainty in Mining Studies." SEG Discovery, no. 117 (April 1, 2019): 21–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.5382/geo-and-mining-03.
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Editor’s note: The Geology and Mining series, edited by Dan Wood and Jeffrey Hedenquist, is designed to introduce early-career professionals and students to a variety of topics in mineral exploration, development, and mining, in order to provide insight into the many ways in which geoscientists contribute to the mineral industry. Abstract The role of geology in advanced mining studies, such as feasibility studies, is commonly dwarfed by the technical inputs from mining, metallurgical, and social license issues. Understanding and planning for geologic risk in the feasibility process is often overlooked for the higher-profile aspects required to establish an ore reserve. If the geologic model of a deposit cannot be reliably forecast, then there will be lower confidence in many of the modifying factors (which include mining, processing, environmental, social, governmental, and economic factors that influence the conversion of identified mineral resources into economic reserves). Understanding geologic risk requires characterization of all the chemical, physical, and spatial properties of mineralization and waste that form part of the mined material. It is essential to understand the scope of the professionals who use geoscientific data in order to assist the outcomes of the study, with the data types first identified, then collected in a comprehensive manner, and finally interpreted at the appropriate time to contribute to the outcomes of the study. If the study is not comprehensive, remedial collection of data is required at a cost to development timeline and budget; a worse scenario is that the development fails economically after it is built. Developing projects to a construction stage after a mining study typically involves international standards of assessment and verification, although the standards of geoscientific data collection differ between companies and countries. For this reason, recent efforts by international bodies such as the Committee for Mineral Reserves International Reporting Standards (CRIRSCO) are assisting many countries to work toward a standardized terminology in a feasibility study. There are many examples where the mining outcomes have not met the feasibility study forecast, with variable causes for a failure to deliver to plan; geoscientific data shortfalls often contribute significantly to these negative outcomes. Examination of case histories, knowledge of international standards for risk reporting, advances in measurement technology, and an understanding of the end users of geoscientific data will help geologists to better prepare the scope of a feasibility study for a potential mine, in order to deliver a product with lower risk related to geologic uncertainty.
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Batham, Nitin Kumar. "Alternative Use of Material in Construction using Waste." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 9, no. 5 (May 31, 2021): 211–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2021.33658.
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Henim, Latipa, and Steven Pearce. "SISTEM PENGOLAHAN AIR ASAM TAMBANG DARI MATERIAL WASTE DAN APLIKASI MODEL ENKAPSULASI PADA BENDUNGAN TSF DI TAMBANG EMAS MARTABE." Prosiding Temu Profesi Tahunan PERHAPI 1, no. 1 (March 29, 2020): 771–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.36986/ptptp.v1i1.119.
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ABSTRAK Indonesia adalah negara yang kaya akan sumber daya alam, baik berupa sumber daya alam pulih maupun yang tidak pulih. Industri pertambangan adalah salah satu aktivitas yang bergerak dalam mengolah sumber daya alam yang tidak pulih yang dapat memberikan dampak positif maupun negatif baik dari sisi sosial, ekonomi maupun lingkungan. Air asam tambang adalah salah satu dampak dari industri pertambangan yang harus ditangani secara serius yang terbentuk akibat reaksi mineral sulfida (pirit) dan logam berat yang terpapar ke media air dan udara yang berasal dari batuan yang terbuka pada saat aktivitas penambangan berlangsung. Sejak tahun 2013, tambang emas Martabe telah menerapkan manajemen air asam tambang (AAT) dalam konstruksi bendungan TSF dengan enkapsulasi sederhana yang dirancang dengan dua kategori utama batuan PAF (Potential Acid Forming) dan NAF (Non Acid Forming) sebagai bagian dari material tanggul TSF konstruksi hilir dan juga mengembangkan basis data karakteristik geokimia material waste di lokasi tambang emas Martabe. NAPP (Net Acid Production Potential) adalah metode standar industri yang digunakan untuk menentukan potensi untuk mengoksidasi dan menghasilkan bahan limbah asam, yang nantinya akan ditempatkan di bendungan TSF dengan metode enkapsulasi. Metode ini bertujuan untuk membungkus material sulfida beresiko tinggi yang sedang di tambang di Martabe dengan lapisan penyegel (sealing layer) dengan mengambil keuntungan dari iklim (curah hujan yang tinggi) dan sifat material ROM (run of mine). Konstruksi lapisan penyegelan dan penjadwalan material waste dilakukan dengan pengembangan strategi operasional pengelolaan limbah yang terperinci dan terintegrasi. Monitoring rutin dengan instrument WRSF (Waste Rock Storage Facility) untuk pengukuran oksigen dan juga dari pengukuran kualitas air menunjukkan kalau enkapsulasi material waste pada embakment TSF berhasil mencegah pembentukan air asam tambang. Kata kunci: material waste, air asam tambang, naf, paf, bendungan tailing, model enkapsulasi ABSTRACT Indonesia is a country that is rich in natural resources, both in renewable and non-renewable. The mining industry is one of the activities that is engaged in processing non-renewable natural resources that can have positive and negative impacts both in terms of social, economic and environmental aspects. Acid mine drainage is one of the impacts of the mining industry which must be dealt with seriously which is formed due to the reaction of sulfide minerals (pyrite) and heavy metals which is exposed with water and air from rocks during mining activities.Since 2013, the Martabe gold mine has implemented mine acid drainage management (AMD) in TSF dam construction with simple encapsulation designed, with two main categories of PAF (Potential Acid Forming) and NAF (Non Acid Forming) rocks as part of construction TSF embankment material downstream and also develop the geochemical characteristics database of waste material at the Martabe gold mine site. NAPP (Net Acid Production Potential) value is an industry standard method to determine the potential to oxidize and produce acid waste materials, which will be placed in the TSF dam by encapsulation model. This method aims to wrap the high risk sulfide material in a mine at Martabe sealing layer to take advantage of both the climate (high rai fall) and material properties of run of mine (ROM). The construction of sealing layer and scheduling of waste is made possible by the development a detailed and integrated operational waste management strategy. Routine monitoring with the WRSF (Waste Rock Storage Facility) instrument for measuring oxygen and also from measurements of water quality shows that the encapsulation of waste material in TSF embankments successfully prevents the formation of acid mine drainage. Key words: waste materials, acid mine drainage, naf, paf, tailing storage facility, encapsulation model
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Mahboub, Kamyar C., and Phillip R. Massie. "Use of Scrap Tire Chips in Asphaltic Membrane." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1530, no. 1 (January 1996): 59–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0361198196153000108.
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Findings of a study involving the use of scrap tire chips in an asphaltic membrane are reported. The research project was designed with two objectives in mind: investigate the effectiveness of an asphaltic membrane on top of a subgrade for maintaining moisture equilibrium in subgrade and study the potential use of scrap tire chips in asphaltic membranes. The effectiveness of the membrane as a moisture barrier needs to be evaluated over a long period of time. However, the method proved to be a cost-effective way of recycling waste tires in pavements. It is hoped that this study will contribute to various efforts in the area of cost-effective and sound use of waste materials in construction.
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Makul, Natt, Roman Fediuk, Mugahed Amran, Abdullah M. Zeyad, Sergey Klyuev, Irina Chulkova, Togay Ozbakkaloglu, Nikolai Vatin, Maria Karelina, and Afonso Azevedo. "Design Strategy for Recycled Aggregate Concrete: A Review of Status and Future Perspectives." Crystals 11, no. 6 (June 17, 2021): 695. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cryst11060695.
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Currently, a number of disadvantages hampers the use of recycled concrete aggregates (RCA). The current review proves that concretes made with complete replacement of natural aggregate with RCA allow the production of high-quality concrete. One of the possibilities for improving concrete properties with RCA is the use of extended curing and pozzolanic materials with varying cement ratios. The potential use of RCA concretes is in the production of high-value materials that increase environmental and financial benefits. RCA have strong potential in the development of a new generation of concrete and stimulate economic activity in many countries in addition to optimizing natural resources. Economic benefits include minimal travel costs; cheaper sources of concrete than newly mined aggregates; reduction of the landfill area required for the placement of concrete waste; the use of RCA minimizes the need for gravel extraction, etc. The proposed strategy could be to sequentially separate demolition waste such as roof finishes, waterproof materials, interior and exterior materials, etc. Closing life cycles is the main approach used for efficient structures for the recycling and reuse of construction and demolition waste in the production and recovery of materials, especially when recycling and reusing materials. In the life cycle, the recycling of recovered materials allows them to be used for new construction purposes, avoiding the use of natural concrete aggregates. Government, design institutes, construction departments and project managers should be involved in the creation and use of RCA. In demolition and construction, the main players are the project owners. Their obligations, expectations and responsibilities must be properly aligned. For the past 20 years, recycled concrete aggregate from demolition and construction waste has been considered as an alternative to pure concrete in structural concrete to minimize the environmental impact of construction waste and demolition waste and the conversion of natural aggregate resources. It is now recognized that the use of RCA for the generations of concrete is a promising and very attractive technology for reducing the environmental impact of the construction sector and conserving natural resources. In the market, the selling price is not an obstacle for market applications of RCA, as there are scenarios in which their cost is lower than the cost of products made from conventional building materials. This is more of an acceptance factor in the market for recycled concrete aggregates. In this sector, the lack of identification, accreditation and uniform quality certification systems and their narrow application cause some marketing problems. With proper RCA preparation, concrete with standard physical and mechanical properties and performance characteristics can be obtained.
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Yılmaz, Tekin, Bayram Ercikdi, and Hacı Deveci. "Utilisation of construction and demolition waste as cemented paste backfill material for underground mine openings." Journal of Environmental Management 222 (September 2018): 250–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2018.05.075.
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Sembiring, Fransisca Theresia. "Study of recycling demolition waste material product in Jakarta, Indonesia." E3S Web of Conferences 74 (2018): 04007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20187404007.
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Construction activities (construction and demolition) is one of the major contributors in the generation of waste generation in landfills. Recycling waste of demolition construction is considered effective, but for the case in Indonesia not many know the benefits of the utilization due to lack of socialization of the impact of construction waste and not many people who know the economic value in waste recycling products construction. The aim of this study is to analyze the potential of use construction waste recycling products in terms of economy and its development in Indonesia, case study in Jakarta area. This paper will use descriptive analysis with literature studies based on several references related to similar cases. The result show that 40-60% of waste from construction and construction can be recovered and recycled. Economically, waste minimization is also feasible because reuse of construction waste is estimated to be worth 2-3% of the total project budget. Therefore, the construction industry can save by applying waste minimization in the project.
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Zelinskaya, Elena, N. A. Tolmacheva, V. V. Barakhtenko, A. E. Burdonov, N. E. Garashchenko, and A. A. Garashchenko. "Waste-Based Construction Materials." International Journal of Engineering Research in Africa 41 (February 2019): 88–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/jera.41.88.
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The article is devoted to the research into the utilization of large volume industrial wastes to produce mineral-polymer composite construction materials. To produce the composites, polyvinyl chloride wastes have been suggested as binding thermoplastic matrix and ash-and-slag wastes, which are the by-product of coal combustion at TPP of Irkutsk Oblast, as mineral filler. Since the problem of accumulation and storage, such as large volumes of power generation industry wastes is becoming more and more serious, the recycling of these wastes with the production of useful products is the vital task. Plants that manufacture products from PVC also produce plastic wastes in the form of rejected and substandard raw material, which can be recycled. At the same time, the problem of production available construction materials for the Baikal region from the local cheap raw material is solved. The team of Irkutsk National Research Technical University has conducted a number of the industrial trials on the production of mineral-polymer composites by the method of extrusion. As a result, the principal opportunity of co-utilization of PVC wastes and ash-and-slag materials during the production of composite construction materials has been testified. Local construction companies can use the produced materials.
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Gilyazidinova, Natalya, Vladimir Duvarov, and Akparali Mamytov. "Studies of the Possibility of Using Coal Mining Waste in Concrete for Mine Construction." E3S Web of Conferences 174 (2020): 01012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202017401012.
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The article discusses the possibility of using coal waste for the preparation of mine concrete. As a result of the research, scientific and prac- tical results were obtained. It has been experimentally proved that when a small fraction of coal, which is a waste of coal mining, is added to mine concrete, the strength of concrete decreases, but with a certain ratio of this strength it is sufficient to ensure the required properties. A series of experi- ments was carried out with the addition of liquid glass to the concrete to control the setting time of the mixture. The properties of coal wastes were determined and the possibility of their use in mine concrete was investigated. It has been established that the introduction of a fine fraction of coal in the optimum quantity into the composition of mine concrete is possible without reducing technological parameters.
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Dadzie, Donald Kwabena, Abdul K. Kaliluthin, and D. Raj Kumar. "Exploration of Waste Plastic Bottles Use in Construction." Civil Engineering Journal 6, no. 11 (November 1, 2020): 2262–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.28991/cej-2020-03091616.
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The vision of this study is geared towards the exploitation of waste plastic bottle use in construction. This review paper is centers on the recycling of waste plastic bottles as a construction material as an effort to help solve the housing deficit in most developing countries including Ghana and to save the depletion of natural resources construction materials. In Ghana, plastic wastes are discarded randomly after usage, hence scatter around in cities, choking drains, and end up threatening our ecosystem. These predominant effects from the plastic wastes have necessitated the need for countries precisely developing countries including Ghana to seek more sustainable methods to reduce the drastic amount of plastic wastes in the environment. In view of the above, this paper focused on the recycling of waste plastic bottles as a construction material as an effort to solve the housing deficit in most developing countries including Ghana and to save the depletion of natural resources construction materials (stones and sand) are very much critical. In the reviews, an effort has been made to utilize the waster plastic bottles in construction by filling the bottles with soil, sand, solid waste materials as brick or block bounded with mortar as a masonry wall or the filled bottles are used as a substitute for the production of the masonry unit production. In summary, it was concluded based on varying test result that: (1) Plastic waste bottles are cheaper to acquire than most conventional construction materials and as such concrete or brick containing any amount of plastic bottle is noted to reduce the total quantities of conventional materials required, thereby reducing the cost as well. (2) The use of plastic waste bottles in construction contributes to environmental friendliness and energy savings since buildings with walls constructed of plastic bottles maintains room temperatures and contribute to energy saving and the cost of providing an artificial thermal control system. Doi: 10.28991/cej-2020-03091616 Full Text: PDF
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Cabello, Mario L., Antonio E. C. Peres, Afonso H. Martins, and Carlos A. Pereira. "Use of Quartzite Quarries Wastes in Civil Construction." Key Engineering Materials 548 (April 2013): 135–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.548.135.
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The extraction of the dimension stone quartzite in the state of Minas Gerais, Brazil, has been done mostly in small quarries, at very low recovery levels, generating approximately six million tons of waste by year. The aim of this investigation is to study the application of the quartzite waste as aggregate in the civil construction. Laboratory tests of crushing and grinding were done to assess the technical and economic viability of reducing the size of coarse material rendering it adequate to be used as raw material in industrialized mortars and concrete pre-molded components. Samples of concrete using quartzite waste as aggregate were molded in proportions and water content used in the production of pre-molded components and the final compressive strength was assessed. Then, samples of mortars with quartzite waste as aggregate were molded with variations in proportion, water content and top size of aggregates, to assess the workability and final compressive strength. It was concluded that with a single stage of crushing, the waste generated could be used in the production of pre-molded components. An additional stage of grinding would be required for use of a larger amount of quartzite waste in the production of mortars. The alkali-aggregate reaction was not considered in this study.
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Kronsell, Ida, Susanne Nigéus, Anna Virolainen, Yu Jia, Thomas Pabst, and Christian Marurice. "Amelioration of permeable soil with green liquor dregs for the construction of sealing layers for mine waste storage facilities." E3S Web of Conferences 195 (2020): 06006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202019506006.
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Mining of sulfidic ore generates acidic waste which often leads to the generation of acid rock drainage (ARD) having an adverse impact on aquatic flora and fauna. Engineered multilayer cover is one of the commonly used methods to prevent oxygen from being transported to mine waste. The sealing layer has a key function in the cover, thanks to its high water retention capacity and a low hydraulic conductivity, which enable the layer to remain near water saturation, effectively hindering oxygen diffusion. When adequate material is not available improvement of local soil material with a sealing agent is principally the only option to produce sealing layer material. Apart from bentonite clay, Green Liquor Dregs (GLD), a waste from the pulp and paper industry, have the ability to reduce the oxygen diffusion when mixed to granular soil, improving the water retention capacity of the blend. Experience from the development of Till/GLD-blends for the construction of sealing layers is compiled to address issue related to soil amelioration using waste with focus on material variation and quality control. The presentation focuses on the opportunities and challenges for the establishment of a circular system based on reutilization of a waste, herein GLD for improvement of soil’s geotechnical property.
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Choi, Yun Wang, Yong Jic Kim, Ook Choi, Kwang Myong Lee, and Mohamed Lachemi. "Utilization of tailings from tungsten mine waste as a substitution material for cement." Construction and Building Materials 23, no. 7 (July 2009): 2481–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2009.02.006.
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Kalinowska-Wichrowska, Katarzyna. "The use of fine waste material for the future of sustainable construction." Technical Sciences 2, no. 21 (May 18, 2018): 149–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.31648/ts.2723.
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The article presents data regarding scale of current production of cement and its future of sustainable construction. In the time of sustainability and Union Directives which rightly impose the reduction of emission of greenhouse gases the solution has been proposed that may in some extent contribute to reducing the cement consumption by using properly prepared recycling binder as its substitute. Some results of own research have been presented, connected with the possibility of using the waste material in form of properly processed cement grout as a partial substitute of cement in the cement composites. Due to high content of contaminants in the industrial secondary binder, which might interfere with the uniformity of results, it has been decided to obtain the recycling binder in the laboratory conditions. The secondary mineral material has been obtained in the process of multi-stage disintegration of prepared laboratory samples, made from cement grouts. The prepared material has been analysed for content of dust fraction and pozzolana activity. The obtained results have revealed that in assumed conditions of recycling binder processing it may be successfully used as cement substitute in the cement composites.
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Guo, Li Jie, Ke Ping Zhou, Xiao Cong Yang, Guang Sheng Liu, and Wen Yuan Xu. "An Experimental Study on the Mechanical Properties of Cemented Rock-Tailings Fill." Advanced Materials Research 941-944 (June 2014): 2611–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.941-944.2611.
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This paper outlines an effective approach to making composite backfill using mine waste material. Composite materials are widely used in many areas of engineering because of their unique structural properties. Cemented rock-tailings are one of the most prevalent materials used for composite backfill because they can effectively make use of mine waste rock and mill tailings that would otherwise be simply considered waste. This backfill method has the capability of maintaining the mine environment while still allowing for continued mine development. An experimental study is being conducted in a cooperative mine research project to investigate the properties of backfill material and specifically the mechanical characteristics of cemented waste rock-tailings fill. This study details the characteristics of the composite backfill aggregate with respect to the compressive strength of the cemented rock-tailings fill and the backfill mix-proportion, as well as outlines a new method of study for cemented rock-tailings fill mechanics. The study results show the compressive strength of cemented rock-tailings fill is dependent mainly on the cement and waste rock content. Ensuring a precise backfill mix proportion can effectively reduce the cement dosage, thereby decreasing the backfill cost realized for the mine.
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Maurya, Madan Chandra, and Dinesh Kumar Malviya. "Recycled C&D waste- An energy efficient and sustainable construction material." International Journal of Engineering, Science and Technology 13, no. 1 (July 9, 2021): 119–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/ijest.v13i1.18s.
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Construction and demolition (C&D) wastes are generated with construction or demolition activities and consists of non biodegradable materials such as cement concrete, bricks, plaster, steel, rubble, woods, plastics etc. Large use of natural recourses for the production of construction materials such as concrete is a prime concern for sustainability. In order to minimize the environmental impacts in terms of energy consumption, pollution, waste disposal and global warming construction industries has started to look for new alternative sources which are capable of substituting the use of natural materials, also some attempts were taken to utilize the waste generated from the demolition of structures and construction activity. The main benefits from the recycling of C&D waste are conservation of natural resources, reduction in energy consumption, solution for waste disposal crisis, environment preservation. Its use reduces reliance on primary aggregates and lowers the environmental impact of construction.
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Liman, Kevin, and Hendrik Sulistio. "WASTE MATERIAL BETON PADA PROYEK KONSTRUKSI DI JAKARTA." JMTS: Jurnal Mitra Teknik Sipil 3, no. 1 (February 25, 2020): 183. http://dx.doi.org/10.24912/jmts.v3i1.7066.
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Waste material can be interpreted as undesirable or valueless material for ordinary or primary purposes in the manufacture or use. This study aims to determine how much the remaining material that occurs in concrete construction work and the form of handling carried out to prevent material waste. The purpose of this study was to determine how much material waste occurred, losses caused by material waste and to find out the cause of material waste. The research sample taken was a low rise building project in Jakarta and its surroundings. The method used in data collection is field observations and interviews. Data obtained in the form of Bill of Quantity, working drawings, or monthly reports. Data analysis using quantitative analysis to determine the largest type of material and losses in concrete work calculated by the regression method assisted by the SPSS program to get the large losses that occur in concrete construction work. The results obtained are the largest residual construction material in concrete construction is 7.05% for low rise building projects in Jakarta and surrounding areas and losses (%) that have a regression such as the following Y = -1.640 + 0.669 X1 + 0.481 X2 + 0.098 X3.AbstrakWaste material can be interpreted as undesirable or valueless material for ordinary or primary purposes in the manufacture or use. This study aims to determine how much the remaining material that occurs in concrete construction work and the form of handling carried out to prevent material waste. The purpose of this study was to determine how much material waste occurred, losses caused by material waste and to find out the cause of material waste. The research sample taken was a low rise building project in Jakarta and its surroundings. The method used in data collection is field observations and interviews. Data obtained in the form of Bill of Quantity, working drawings, or monthly reports. Data analysis using quantitative analysis to determine the largest type of material and losses in concrete work calculated by the regression method assisted by the SPSS program to get the large losses that occur in concrete construction work. The results obtained are the largest residual construction material in concrete construction is 7.05% for low rise building projects in Jakarta and surrounding areas and losses (%) that have a regression such as the following Y = -1.640 + 0.669 X1 + 0.481 X2 + 0.098 X3.
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Cândido, Taíssa Guedes, Yane Coutinho, and Milton Bezerra das Chagas Filho. "Use of Construction and Demolition Waste in Lateritic Concrete." Key Engineering Materials 600 (March 2014): 386–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.600.386.
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In recent decades the problem of construction and demolition waste has been receiving more attention due to possible ecological and economic damage caused by them. This is because they are produced in large quantities and often receive inadequate disposal, being deposited illegally in vacant lots, public places and even in areas of environmental preservation. The practice of recycling of construction and demolition waste (CDW) by construction is an alternative that minimizes the amount of waste generated and the impacts caused by them. Moreover, the introduction of alternative materials might reduce the production costs of construction. In Brazil, there is great availability of lateritic concretions. This material, according to some studies, proved to be a viable alternative to be used as coarse aggregate in concrete production. In this study, it is used the CDW as a filler to replace 10% of Portland cement and, as coarse aggregate, lateritic concretions. Tests of physical properties of coarse and fine aggregates and determination of the mechanical strength of hardened concrete were made. The construction and demolition waste used as filler to replace the mass of cement in the mixture proved to be a viable alternative.
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Chavan, Prof Jagruti V. "Utilization of Waste Plastic for Construction of Flexible Pavement." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 9, no. VI (June 30, 2021): 3978–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2021.35943.
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The major threat to the environment is the disposal of waste plastic and on the other side; the road traffic intensity is increasing. The load bearing capacity of roads are increasing. This study discusses the suitability of plastic waste for construction of roads. A material that contain more organic polymer of large molecular weight, solid in its finished state, can be shaped by its flow is called as “plastic”. Generally plastic is used in various domestic and industrial applications. In the Current Period Use of plastic bags and bottles is very common. Use of plastics in road construction can reduce the cost of road construction and pollution index of environment to an appreciable extent. Use of this mix for road construction it helps to reduce or use plastic waste effectively. Use of waste plastic in construction material is becoming more and more acceptable due to the improved properties. Due to use of waste plastic the Cost of construction materials also decreases. When we use the waste plastic in flexible pavement it improves the abrasion & slip resistance of asphalt pavement. It is economical and eco-friendly.
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Sang, Levy, Temitope Idowu, and Victoria Okumu. "EVALUATION OF THE PERFORMANCE OF WASTE MARBLE DUST AS A MINERAL FILLER IN HOT-MIX ASPHALT CONCRETE." Journal of Civil Engineering, Science and Technology 12, no. 1 (April 30, 2021): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.33736/jcest.3337.2021.
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As the construction industry continues to evolve globally, there is a need to develop best practices geared towards achieving sustainable construction. Asphalt concrete’s demand has been increasing steadily with an estimated global demand of 122.5 million tons in 2019. This is driven primarily by the growth in construction activities in developing countries as each country works towards enhancing its transportation facilities to cater to the ever-expanding population. Hence, there are needs to develop newer and more efficient means of asphalt consumption. One of such is identifying cheaper or waste materials for use in Asphalt production. This study, therefore, examined the viability of waste marble dust (WMD), an industrial waste produced during the shaping and polishing of marble blocks and also during its extraction from the mines, as a mineral filler in Hot-mix asphalt (HMA) concrete. Engineering properties such as Marshall stability and flow, Void characteristics, Indirect tensile strength and Tensile strength ratio properties were examined. It was observed that the addition of WMD steadily increased the Marshall Stability and indirect tensile strength values and lowered the voids percentages. The study’s major finding is that waste marble dust is highly suitable as a mineral filler in HMA and a 3% by volume addition of WMD in HMA at 4.5% binder content produced the most optimal mix for use in road pavements.
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Chulkova, I. L., and I. A. Selivanov. "Use of fibre waste as a binder." Russian Automobile and Highway Industry Journal 18, no. 2 (May 20, 2021): 204–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.26518/2071-7296-2021-18-2-204-215.
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Introduction. The need for a more efficient and varied use of waste from the pulp and paper industry dictates the need to search for new directions for the use of such waste in construction materials science technologies.Materials and methods. In the studies the fibre waste of the Perm Cardboard LLC company with a moisture content after washing of 300% by weight was used. Currently, many issues of theory and practice the production of materials from the fibre waste are not entirely solved, resulting in a number of provisions borrowed from the theory of the production of concrete mineral aggregates, as well as the production of pulp and paper industry.Results. Due to its chemical and material composition, the possibility of using the fibre waste in construction materials science technologies as an independent air binder is shown. The studies have established that the initial moisture content of the fibre waste as a binder affects the final quality indicators of a dry material. Thus, the lowest dry material density of 350 kg/m3 is observed at the initial humidity of the mixture in the range of 650% by weight. At a density of 350 kg/m3, the hygroscopicity of the material is 4.3%, the shrinkage from 10 to 25%. The drying time of the product is within 11 hours. A leveling high shrinkage is achieved by introducing light aggregates with a rough surface during the molding process.Discussion and conclusions. The obtained data on the structure, the composition of the fibre waste, as well as the dependence and regularities of the behavior of a highly concentrated dispersed system of the ‘fibre waste-water’ type show the possibility of using the fibre waste for the production of thermal insulation materials, both as a main component and in a composition with aggregates as an independent air binder. At the same time, the final density indicators of thermal insulation products are within the limits established by regulatory documents.
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Brar, Tejwant S., M. Arif Kamal, and Pinto Emerson. "Recycling of Construction and Demolition Waste Material for Energy Savings in India." Key Engineering Materials 632 (November 2014): 107–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.632.107.
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Buildings are an integral part for development in any sector of economic growth and they consume resources not only during their construction but also for operation throughout their life. The design, construction, operation, maintenance, and ultimately the removal of buildings consume large amounts of energy, water, and building materials, and generate large quantities of waste, and pollute the air and water. The amount of resources consumed, waste generated can be judged from the fact that in any development project, the component of construction is quite large.The Indian construction industry has accounted for approximately 50% of the country's capital outlay in successive Five Year Plans, and projected investment continues to show a growing trend. Out of 48 million tonnes of solid waste generated in India, C&D (construction and demolition) waste makes up 25% annually. Despite this the use of recycled material in construction is not much, which can largely be attributed to various factors like lack of awareness on the part of designers/engineers, lack of awareness campaigns and appreciation of using recycled materials, unorganized market of recycled construction material, absence of a proper solid waste management system in urban areas, lack of tax incentives and poor implementation of legislation on the use of recycled materials. It is high time that the above said issues about the use of recycled material in construction in our country be addressed so as to achieve economy in construction coupled with easing burden on natural resources thereby resulting in cleaner environment.
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Zeng, Ningshuang, Yan Liu, Chao Mao, and Markus König. "Investigating the Relationship between Construction Supply Chain Integration and Sustainable Use of Material: Evidence from China." Sustainability 10, no. 10 (October 8, 2018): 3581. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su10103581.
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Environmental burdens arise in the whole life cycle of construction. Waste and pollution are produced in the upstream and downstream of a construction project along the supply chains. The interdependency between on-site construction and off-site logistics also leads to an expansion effect of waste when a disturbance occurs. A related supply chain activated by construction activities should be taken into account to improve the sustainability in construction from a material and waste management perspective. However, it is unknown how the supply chain integration could contribute to the sustainable use of materials in construction. Therefore, an empirical investigation is conducted. A research model with eight latent-constructs is designed through a comprehensive literature review, and 70 completed survey questionnaires are received. Using PLS-SEM (partial least squares-structural equation modeling), sample data is analyzed and seven research hypotheses are examined. Results support the assumption that the construction supply chain integration had a positive correlation with the sustainable use of construction materials. Discussion and relevant suggestions are given for the future research.
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Cabrera, Manuel, Mónica López-Alonso, Laura Garach, Javier Alegre, Javier Ordoñez, and Francisco Agrela. "Feasible Use of Recycled Concrete Aggregates with Alumina Waste in Road Construction." Materials 14, no. 6 (March 17, 2021): 1466. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14061466.
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The management of different industrial by-products, such as recycled aggregates from construction and demolition waste and alumina by-products, as well as the reduction of landfill deposits by incorporating these products in a second life cycle, were the focus of this work. The aim of this study was to demonstrate the technical viability of using these waste and by-product as a material for road pavement base layers. For this purpose, a real-scale application was carried out, and the behavior of three types of materials, applied on a section of an experimental road under real vehicle traffic conditions, was studied and compared. Three materials were used in these sections applied in the road sub-bases. First, a control material composed of a type of artificial gravel was used to be compared with the rest of materials; the second material was composed of recycled aggregates, and the third was composed of a mix of recycled aggregates and alumina waste. The results concluded that the effectiveness of the sections built using recycled aggregates and alumina waste was very positive and similar those constructed using natural aggregates.
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Liu, Wenming. "Research on Product Design Method of Recycling Waste Building Wood." E3S Web of Conferences 179 (2020): 01010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202017901010.
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Start from the recycling of waste construction wood, use green design and other sustainable design concepts to study the reuse of construction waste wood in product design. Promote the effective use of construction waste wood resources, so that the residual value of waste construction wood resources can be fully reflected. Discover the material characteristics and advantages of waste construction wood, summarize relevant factors that should be considered in the reuse of waste construction wood in product design, and explore related design methods.
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Rusakov, N. V., L. A. Alikbayeva, O. N. Mokrousova, and G. I. Chernova. "ECOLOGICAL-HYGIENIC ASSESSMENT OF PRODUCTION WASTE FOR THE USE IN ROAD CONSTRUCTION." Hygiene and sanitation 96, no. 4 (March 27, 2019): 309–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.18821/0016-9900-2017-96-4-309-313.
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The purpose of the study is to make a comprehensive ecological and hygienic assessment of production waste - ferromanganese nodules of the Baltic sea and ash from sewage sludge for compliance with the use as road material. Material and methods. The study was executed in accordance with the applicable guidelines. Results. Waste production of Manganese - Ferruginous Sands, and ash from the incineration of sewage sludge in the city of St. Petersburg represent complex multicomponent mixtures of substances with different percentage content of metals (manganese, iron, silicon, phosphorus, aluminum, cadmium) and their compounds which seem to be low-hazard wastes (IV class of danger) to the natural environment.
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Mendes, T. M., G. Morales, and P. J. Reis. "Use of basaltic waste as red ceramic raw material." Cerâmica 62, no. 362 (June 2016): 157–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0366-69132016623621955.
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Abstract Nowadays, environmental codes restrict the emission of particulate matters, which result in these residues being collected by plant filters. This basaltic waste came from construction aggregate plants located in the Metropolitan Region of Londrina (State of Paraná, Brazil). Initially, the basaltic waste was submitted to sieving (< 75 μm) and the powder obtained was characterized in terms of density and particle size distribution. The plasticity of ceramic mass containing 0%, 10%, 20%, 30%, 40% and 50% of basaltic waste was measured by Atterberg method. The chemical composition of ceramic formulations containing 0% and 20% of basaltic waste was determined by X-ray fluorescence. The prismatic samples were molded by extrusion and fired at 850 °C. The specimens were also tested to determine density, water absorption, drying and firing shrinkages, flexural strength, and Young's modulus. Microstructure evaluation was conducted by scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, and mercury intrusion porosimetry. Basaltic powder has similar physical and chemical characteristics when compared to other raw materials, and contributes to ceramic processing by reducing drying and firing shrinkage. Mechanical performance of mixtures containing basaltic powder is equivalent to mixtures without waste. Microstructural aspects such as pore size distribution were modified by basaltic powder; albite phase related to basaltic powder was identified by X-ray diffraction.
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Prošek, Zdeněk, Pavel Tesárek, Jan Trejbal, and Tereza Horová. "RECYCLING OF CONSTRUCTION WASTE USING HIGH-SPEED MILLING PROCESS: DETERMINATION OF WASTE CONCRETE." Acta Polytechnica CTU Proceedings 22 (July 25, 2019): 88–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.14311/app.2019.22.0088.
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This paper deals with the use of high-speed milling process for recycling old concrete and direct determination of the potential of input waste. For this purpose, three different types of waste concrete were used: prefabricated railway sleeper, structural concrete of monolithic pillar and prefabricated drainage gutter. The paper directly examines the chemical and phase composition by XRF, X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectrometry (EDS) and microscopic analysis, particle size distribution and pH of the recycled material. Results of those analysis are used to select suitable recycled material. The suitability of choice is supported by mechanical tests of 28-day old cement pastes, where the compressive strength and dynamic modulus of elasticity are observed properties. Specimens measuring 40 × 40 × 160mm are composed of 70 wt.% Portland cement and rest is micronized concrete. In all cases, the results are compared with the reference material.
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Gupta, Abhinandan R., and S. K. Deshmukh. "Energy Efficient Construction Materials." Key Engineering Materials 678 (February 2016): 35–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.678.35.
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History itself is the evident that from the years together the people moves to the region where they can satisfy their needs and wants with fewer efforts and more opportunities. This thought lead to accumulation of people in some areas resulting in urbanization. As this urban area contributes highly in nation’s economy even the government announce a far reaching program of investments in urban development. However, these urban agglomerations manifest generally unsustainable ecologies. The depletion of material resources, the accumulation of waste, and the over-expenditure of non-renewable energy are direct consequences of the predatory expansion of urbanization. Out of this the major contribution goes to construction industry as the data reveals that Construction is responsible for 40% of the total world flows of raw materials such as sand, gravel& clay. It takes one quarter of all virgin wood, 40% of energy use,16% of water withdrawals,& produces 17% of all waste generated. This problems can be tackle efficiently it the waste generated by industries can be reuse for the purpose of making construction material. With little logic and application of basic science the new material that can be made by mixing waste may prove energy efficient if its thermal resistivity is enhanced and utilized. The research over here is a paradigm of such two waste mix building component with high thermal resistive property. The paper is about the making and testing of waste mix tiles and filler blocks so as to find its efficiency in construction practices. The results obtained shows that by adopting such materials for construction purpose will reduce amount of operations energy consumption as well as reduce consumption of non – renewable resources and would help to utilize waste in fruitful way. The effort in this research are thus to find energy efficient construction material.