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1
Marget, Nancy. "Psychosocial factors underlying problem gambling." Thesis, McGill University, 1999. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=30189.
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The psychosocial correlates of adolescent gambling behavior were assessed among 7th, 9th, and 11 th graders. Participants (N = 587) completed questionnaires concerning their gambling behavior, coping skills, locus of control, depression, and substance use. Adolescents were grouped into 1 of 4 groups based upon their performance on the DSM-IV-J (Fisher, 1992) gambling screen: non-gamblers, social gamblers, problem gamblers, and probable pathological gamblers. This research examined whether individuals belonging to the 4 groups differ with respect to locus of control, coping skills, depression, and substance use. Results indicated that probable pathological gamblers were characterized by an external locus of control and reported higher levels of maladaptive coping styles, depression, and regular substance use than non-gamblers and social gamblers. Logistic regression analyses suggest that coping skills, locus of control, substance use, and depression alone do not adequately predict pathological gambling, but do seem to play an important role in the etiology nonetheless. Implications are discussed.
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Greenaway, R. "Factors underlying attentional abnormalities in autism." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.599665.
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Children with autism can be highly distractible at times, but over-focused and resistant to distraction at others. In this dissertation a series of studies are conducted to explore factors that might underlie this apparent paradox. I start by considering whether the amount of relevant and irrelevant information presented might lead to differences in selection by children with autism compared to typically developing children. However, no differences were found on tasks manipulating perceptual load, indicating that in this respect selection is typical in autism. Next, attentional capture procedures were employed to investigate the interaction between bottom-up and top-down attentional processing in autism. Furthermore, stimulus properties were manipulated to investigate whether these factors interact. Two experiments showed that while children with autism showed typical attentional modulation of static colour stimuli, they did not modulate attentional capture by dynamic onset distractors. There were two potential explanations for this finding: first, that children with autism show selective impairments in modulating the attentional processing of dynamic stimuli; second, that children with autism find dynamic stimuli less salient. In a further experiment, it was demonstrated that children with autism were able to modulate attentional capture of motion to the same degree as typical children, indicating that an abnormality in processing onsets in autism does not generalise to all dynamic stimuli. Thus, it was conjectured that abnormalities might be specific to those stimuli that are processed primarily by the magnocellular visual pathway. This was supported by the results of a psychophysical study that demonstrated that whilst children with autism showed typical parvocellular processing, they showed an impairment in magnocellular processing. It is concluded that a deficit in magnocellular processing could provide a powerful explanation of some of the attentional and perceptual abnormalities previously reported in the literature, and even have an adverse impact on some higher-level abnormalities.
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Cederäng, Jesper, and Peter Bingman. "Born Globals : Underlying Factors to Rapid Internationalization." Thesis, Uppsala University, Department of Business Studies, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-8781.
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The process of internationalization of firms has in the past been seen as something that is costly and time-consuming. For those reasons, companies took long before they started expanding internationally, growing strong in domestic markets first. However, now there are companies being started, that right from the outset start producing and selling on international markets. Companies that behave this way are a rather new phenomenon and are known as Born Globals.
The purpose of our thesis was to increase the understanding of factors that are important for explaining Born Globals rapid internationalization, and also how these factors have affected the process.
Most of the research done on Born Globals has been of high-tech companies. However, the phenomenon is not limited to them. Therefore we researched one high-tech company and one low-tech to see if there are similarities in the driving forces behind their rapid internationalization.
Four factors have been addressed repeatedly when trying to explain Born Global’s behavior: Globalization, Industry, Entrepreneur and Networks. These factors were used as a theoretical framework for our thesis. However, our findings point out that to gain a deeper understanding, the interdependent relationship between the variables should also be taken into consideration.
After gathering empirical data through interviews with key people in each company, our findings point out that access to complimentary resources and a possibility to control them efficiently was important in explaining both companies rapid internationalization. By focusing on the core competencies of the company and outsourcing other value-adding functions, companies are able to internationalize rapidly even with scarce resources. Access to resources through networks, as well as entrepreneurial ambition helped speed up this process.
Keywords: Born Globals, Rapid Internationalization
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Marget, Nancy. "The psychosocial factors underlying adolescent problem gambling." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape3/PQDD_0032/MQ64171.pdf.
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Espadinha, de Oliveira e. Costa Diana. "Exploring the factors underlying Staphylococcus epidermidis’ pathogenicity." Doctoral thesis, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10362/97127.
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"Staphylococcus epidermidis is the major colonizer of the human skin and also an important opportunistic pathogen, having been increasingly recognized over the last decades as a major cause of nosocomial infections associated to medical indwelling devices, including central line associated bloodstream infections and surgical-site infections. The success of S. epidermidis in the hospital environment has been frequently associated to their remarkable capacity to accumulate resistance to several antimicrobial classes and also to the ability of forming biofilms on the surface of the medical devices. Additionally, the carriage of genetic markers such as mecA, IS256 and icaA has also been frequently associated to nosocomial S. epidermidis."N/A
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Neighbors, Charlene. "Implications and factors underlying hostility toward women." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 1992. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/517.
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Hagman, Jens. "Philanthropy Contributions : A study of the underlying factors." Thesis, Jönköping University, JIBS, Economics, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-11947.
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Westacott, Mark Conway. "An investigation of psychological factors underlying auditory hallucinations." Thesis, University of East Anglia, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.296872.
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Shalev, Nir. "Methodological considerations and cognitive factors underlying sustained attention." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2017. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:883547ed-49a9-420f-830c-88585bebaaf5.
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The active, ongoing maintenance of an adequate level of performance over time on task is an essential cognitive faculty, and has been described in multiple frameworks since the earliest days of cognitive research. Theoretical accounts of performance maintenance focused on the timely fluctuations of attention components, using the partially overlapping constructs of sustained attention, arousal, vigilance and alertness. In this thesis, particular attention is given to sustained attention, arguably the most useful and frequently used construct in a clinical context. Chapter 1 provides an introductory overview of the literature, focusing on the theories and paradigms available to assess sustained attention and other closely related constructs. Chapter 2 introduces a new task for assessing sustained attention, based on a variation of the Continuous Performance Task (CPT), and discusses the contribution of various task factors to performance patterns. In Chapter 3, the newly established paradigm is used to assess sustained attention among stroke survivors and the healthy ageing, and relate task-performance to subjective reports of daily lapses in attention. A detailed discussion is devoted to identifying the task indices that best represent sustained attention capacity, favouring measures incorporating the notion of change in performance over time. Chapter 4 applies the same approach of estimating change in performance over time to studying sustained attention among children with genetic developmental disorders. Chapters 5 and 6 show how performance in a CPT is influenced by the pace at which stimuli are presented in the task. It is argued that individuals are sensitive to varying levels of temporal regularities; consequently, when measuring sustained attention, researchers must account for the rhythmic pattern that the CPT may introduce. Chapter 7 will present an intervention study combining brain stimulation and a spatially-lateralised CPT paradigm, demonstrating changes in components of Selective Attention as defined by a computational model. The thesis is concluded in Chapter 8, which discusses the contributions of the experimental findings to the understanding of sustained attention and associated experimental methods. The thesis proposes a clear mapping of sustained attention with relation to other closely related constructs, and attempts to provide useful tools for improving clinical assessment.
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Jones, David M. "Intracellular signaling underlying neurite growth in adult sensory neurons /." Internet access available to MUN users only, 2003. http://collections.mun.ca/u?/theses,161574.
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Yu, Huahong Jr, and Yun Jr Chen. "Factors Underlying Chinese Hidden Champions in China : Case Study." Thesis, Halmstad University, School of Business and Engineering (SET), 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hh:diva-2501.
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The term of Hidden Champions was first put forward by Simon (1996a) in his book and has already been a well-studied subject all over the world. The purpose of this dissertation is to figure out what are the main factors underlying Chinese Hidden Champions.
The literature part is composed of earlier research on Hidden Champions and theories on several factors that have been identified by authors, which form an analytical framework for analyzing empirical data.
Conducting a qualitative approach, the empirical data was collected through semi-structured telephone interviews with the senior personnel of two Chinese companies. Secondary data, such as public reports, also played a complementary role.
The findings of this study showed the factors of clear goal, excellent entrepreneur, focused strategy, sustained innovation, globalization and customer orientation immensely affect the success of Chinese Hidden Champions. It was also pointed out that there remain some views that are different from concepts of Simon’s.
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Baxter, Derek. "Clinical and epigenetic factors underlying treatment refractory Rheumatoid Arthritis." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2014. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/5608/.
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Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) is a chronic, progressive, multisystem inflammatory disorder for which there is, at present, no cure. It affects up to 1% of the population resulting in chronic pain, disability and, through loss of function, may lead to loss of employment. It is associated with major co-morbidities that account for premature mortality. There is now extensive published research that suggests early treatment with disease modifying drugs can retard joint damage and improve outcome. In a proportion, drug- free remission is possible. However, there remain both individuals with persistently active disease despite standard drug treatments and those with longstanding disease not exposed to effective early treatment that remain relatively unresponsive to therapy. There is a growing literature that epigenetic modifications may underpin, or at least accelerate the development of many autoimmune disorders. These include alterations in DNA methylation patterns, histone tail modifications, post-translational mRNA regulation by microRNA and combinations therein. Having established the human genome project and underlying human DNA sequence, the recognition of dynamic epigenetic regulation of the genome has added further complexity. Few data however are currently available in ‘real-world’ cohorts of patients. In order to explore the hypothesis that specific epigenetic changes may underpin differences in response to therapy, I first examined the characteristics of a cohort of fifty RA patients with longstanding and active disease (DAS28 >3.2) despite receipt of standard therapies (disease modifying drugs (DMARD) and biologic therapies. This included a detailed examination of clinical characteristics, immune profile, inflammatory markers and burden of co-morbid complications such as vascular disease and depression. Outcomes such as disability, quality of life assessments and fatigue were evaluated by means of previously validated questionnaires. These groups were assessed at baseline, three months and six months. I then measured one of the many epigenetic marks, namely microRNA, of this cohort. We analyzed the accessible profile of peripheral RA CD14+ cell microRNAs in treatment resistant RA patients, in healthy controls, DMARD inadequate responders and DMARD good responders in order to determine the presence of a microRNA profile indicative of biologic resistance. An analysis of the serum cytokine profile of the biologic resistant and DMARD resistant groups was also performed. Finally, to extend the analysis beyond conventional clinical and novel molecular biomarkers the influence of additional patient factors such as coping and illness perception were evaluated by questionnaire to determine subjective disease severity in discrete patient groups. Active inflammatory disease was present as judged by the DAS28 score and there was some improvements seen over the six-month assessment period reflecting treatment changes in all groups. Substantial disability and impaired quality of life was found particularly in the therapeutic resistant group but also in those with inadequate response to DMARD, and remained relatively unresponsive to treatment escalation. Clinical variables, deprivation, quality of life and fatigue were strongly correlated with mood suggesting close interactions and resultant increase in disease activity as measured by the DAS28. Multiple cardiovascular risk factors were determined and, having applied cardiovascular risk scoring systems, unmet treatment of modifiable risk was demonstrated. Exploratory analysis of candidate microRNA -34a, -27b and -125a showed no correlation with clinical or biochemical variables other than swollen joint counts but differential expression between study groups. Exploratory microarray profiling between the four study groups demonstrated a number of differentially regulated microRNA. Of these, a unique microRNA profile of the biologic resistant group was found. MicroRNA-423 and -1275 showed higher expression in the biologic resistant group and fell in parallel with the DAS28 reduction between study visits raising their potential utility as biomarkers. MicroRNA-3178 showed higher relative expression in the biologic resistant group. Cytokine profiles demonstrated significant differences vs healthy controls but biologic resistant, DMARD resistant and DMARD good responder groups were less distinct and individual cytokines failed to discriminate in these study groups. Cytokine profiling did not correlate with observed clinical variables, inflammatory markers nor central processes such as mood or fatigue. Finally, those coping strategies favoured were adaptive and problem based. These were unaffected by the high prevalence of mood disturbance. Conversely, illness perception was influenced by mood and both affected subjective disease assessments. The strong influence of mood and fatigue raise the hypothesis that blunted treatment response may be partially driven by these variables. Ultimately we seek to explain, identify and target those patients with aggressive disease as early intervention may prevent established disease and it's accompanying co-morbid conditions. Undoubtedly, a personalised assessment of disease variables and co-morbid conditions is necessary where treatment response is being evaluated. In such a way, significant cardiovascular morbidity and mortality may be prevented. The question of true biologic resistance remains open. Undoubtedly residual inflammation exists in longstanding RA but significant ‘disease activity’ may be explained at least in part by those subjective clinical variables influenced by both external and internal factors. The identification of a ‘biologic resistant’ microRNA profile could act both as a biomarker of treatment response in longstanding disease, superior to the DAS28 scoring system and, through target identification, better understanding of the regulation of the molecular pathways of inflammation operating in such patients. In this way novel pathways of treatment resistance may be exposed and novel treatment targets revealed. However, mood and thus illness perception also contribute to resistance to therapy and should be sought, characterized, and directly addressed to add to the global improvements in outcome that we seek in a holistic model of care in the rheumatic diseases.
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Elgin, Jennifer May. "Determining the Underlying Factors of Fresh Ham Color Variation." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/91406.
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Consumers associate meat color with quality. In some cases, especially in fresh and cured hams, the surface of a ham, whole, boneless or sectioned and formed displays a color gradient, which is unsightly and generally is considered of lower quality and must be discounted or processed different where color is less critical to the ultimate value of the resulting product. This disparity in color uniformity across fresh and cured products is sometimes known as two-toning and is most often found in the semimembranosus (SM) and associated muscles of fresh hams and is exacerbated with curing. The underlying color of fresh meat may be a function of postmortem metabolism or the underlying characteristics of those muscles involved. Therefore, the objective of this study is to determine the changes in underlying muscle type and postmortem metabolism in those muscles responsible for fresh ham color variation. Semimembranosus (SM) muscles of 15 mixed bred pigs were collected at 30 min and 1440 min postmortem, and muscle color was determined and muscles were collected and snap frozen for various energy metabolism analyses. Differences in color (L*, a* and b*) were noted across the face of the muscle by zone and time (P < 0.0001) but no differences were detected in pH and lactate, glucose, glucose-6-phosphate, and glycogen metabolisms. Glycolytic potential was also measured on a lactate basis and showed no differences across zone (P = 0.0746) but increased over time (P < 0.006). Lactate and pH were plotted and showed a linear relationship linear relationship (R2 = 0.928337) at 30 min (P < 0.0001) and at 1440 min (R2 = 0.161412; P < 0.0015). Muscle type characteristics showed no difference between zones and time. Buffering capacity showed a significant difference at pH 6 (P < 0.0359) and with time across all pH measured (P < 0.0001). These data suggest inherent differences, such as location and function, in the semimembranosus muscle may be more critical in developing fresh color than aberrations in postmortem metabolism.Master of Science
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Mok, Wee Piak. "Exploring organisational learning and knowledge management factors underlying innovation effectiveness." Thesis, Brunel University, 2013. http://bura.brunel.ac.uk/handle/2438/13561.
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Innovation is widely seen as a basis for competition and knowledge plays a key role in underlying its effectiveness in the present economy which is knowledge-based. The innovation process is highly complex and uncertain; it is fraught with ambiguity, risks, errors and failures. How organisations respond to these downsides is not well reflected in the literature. They are often placed in a black box and left empirically unexplored. This researcher attempts to penetrate this box with an exploratory empirical study consisting of two research phases rooted in positivism. In Phase 1, a questionnaire survey is carried out with error management culture, organisational learning and knowledge management as antecedents of innovation effectiveness. The survey data collected are deductively analysed to test these four constructs. In Phase 2, the same data are inductively explored to determine the factors underlying innovation effectiveness. From deduction, knowledge management is found to be the sole antecedent of innovation effectiveness, affirming the importance of knowledge to innovation. From induction, autonomy and trust are found to be key factors underlying innovation effectiveness. Their attributes in this study are collaboration, knowledge sharing and control (for autonomy) and behaviour, relationship and reciprocal faith (for trust). The contributions from this study are – (a) an empirical confirmation on the importance of knowledge to innovation and (b) the derivation of autonomy and trust as key factors underlying its effectiveness. In addition, it contributes to research methodology with an exploratory integration of deduction and induction as complimentary modes of inference to facilitate the understanding of complex subjects like innovation. As a positivist research does not answer the causal how and why of innovation, it is recommended that future research on a similar topic moves to critical realism as a philosophical realm when an ontological dimension can be added to the epistemological exploration posited in positivism as found in this study.
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Cheek, Kim. "Factors underlying students' conceptions of deep time : an exploratory study." Thesis, Durham University, 2010. http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/277/.
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Geologic or “deep time” is important for understanding many geologic processes. There are two aspects to deep time. First, events in Earth’s history can be placed in temporal order on an immense time scale (succession). Second, rates of geologic processes vary significantly. Thus, some events and processes require time periods (durations) that are outside a human lifetime by many orders of magnitude. Previous research has demonstrated that learners of all ages and many teachers have poor conceptions of succession and duration in deep time. The question is why. This exploratory, qualitative study investigates the viability of a model (a deep time stool) to capture the underlying factors necessary for a concept of deep time. The model posits that a concept of deep time rests upon: an understanding of succession and duration in conventional time; a robust understanding of large numbers and the proportional relationships among numbers of various magnitudes; and a learner’s geoscience content knowledge. While all three factors may not exist to the same degree in any one individual, all must be present to support a conception of deep time. Thirty-five students in the United States participated in individual task-based interviews: 12 eighth and 11 eleventh graders from a public charter school in the U.S. and 12 university students from two institutions enrolled in an introductory geoscience course. Tasks and questions probed students’ understandings of the three factors within and outside a deep time context, and the study is unique for that reason. Results indicate all three factors play an important role in how students understand deep time. While succession in conventional time proved non-problematic, duration was more difficult for participants. Some students were confused about the relationships among numbers in the thousands and millions, and others appeared to have little understanding of time periods up to 100 years. Participants had just as much difficulty dealing with the duration for events in conventional time as they did for those in deep time if the events were unfamiliar to them. Time and number share a similar spatial mapping strategy while knowledge of large numbers and geoscience content knowledge appear to provide reference points that can be used to judge the temporal order or duration of geoscience events. Implications for future research and classroom practice are discussed.
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Olaleye, Oluwole. "Factors underlying the decision to move and choice of destination." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/51758.
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Thesis (MPhil)--Stellenbosch University, 2000.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The migratory flow of Africans to South Africa form the north of Africa was restrained until the early 1990's. Before this period the political ideology of apartheid discriminated against African immigrants, while favouring the migration of people of European descent. Although numerous studies have drawn attention to the implications of the influx of African immigrants to South Africa and their socio-economic adaptation, not much research has been done on reasons for international migration as provided by the migrant. The demographic and economic implications of African migration not only dominate most of the work in this field, but it even seems to be the only concern of researchers investigating international immigration of Africans. The study focuses on factors underlying the decision of African immigrants to migrate to South Africa and who choose Cape Town as their place of destination. Data from in-depth interviews are analysed to determine the motivations for migration to Cape Town. Attention is being paid to the circumstances in the migrants' home countries that motivated their decision to emigrate, the role of social networks in providing information regarding the choice of destination and migration routes, the obstacles they encountered, their adaptation in Cape Town and their perceptions of Cape Town as a place of permanent residence. From the literature review on reasons for migration, is emerges that there are two dominant theoretical approaches (i.e. macro and micro theories) for explaining why international migration begins. The macro theories focus on migration stream, identifying the conditions under which large-scale movements take place and describing the demographic, economic and social characteristics of the migrants in aggregate terms. Micro theories focus on the socio-psychological factors that differentiate migrants from non-migrants, together with theories of motivation, decision-making, satisfaction and identification. Although each theory ultimately seeks to explain the same phenomenon, they employ different concepts, assumptions and frames of reference. The various explanations offered are not necessarily contradictory in nature but are, in fact, a reflection of how social realities could be studied and understood from various angles. This study employs an eclectic approach by using insights from both macro and micro levels of analysis. The study also considers the appropriateness of a qualitative research design in researching specific aspects of migration and employs a qualitative case study method. This method allows for a deeper reflection on the part of the individual on factors responsible for their decision to move. Semi-structured in-depth interviews have been conducted with four African immigrants in the central business district of Cape Town. The study found that in certain instances the immigrants migrate for different reasons, but under similar circumstances. It emerged from the case material that the same issues sometimes hold different significance for each migrant. One aspect shared by all four immigrants, is that it seems that circumstances in their countries of origin forced them to move and that they did have much of a choice - their lives were threatened. Their relatively high level of training and access to funding most probably assisted them in their move. Those people in not such a favourable position are left behind. The study also found that exchange and free flow of information and social networks directs destination of movement, rather than determine whether migration takes place. However, the information immigrants receive is not always correct and tends not to focus on the negative aspects of immigration. Once in Cape Town the immigrants felt isolated, experienced prejudice, and suffered hostility and discrimination at the hands of South Africans. It appears that many South Africans do not distinguish between asylum seekers, refugees and economic migrants. The common denominator of their "foreignness" appears to be all that is necessary for many to harbour negative attitudes. Xenophobia not only manifests itself in negative attitudes, but also increasingly in victimisation against the immigrants. Because of these factors and the problems they experience in finding jobs where they can apply their skills, the immigrants indicated that they do not intend staying permanently in South Africa.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die migrasie van inwoners van die noorde van Afrika na Suid-Afrika was tot die vroeë 1990s relatief beperk. Voor hierdie tydperk het die politieke ideologie van apartheid gediskrimineer teen inwoners van die res van Afrika, terwyl die migrasie van Europeërs aangemoedig is. Alhoewel verskeie studies die aandag gevestig het op die sosio-ekonomiese aanpassing en die implikasies van die invloei van immigrante uit Afrika na Suid- Afrika, bestaan daar weinige navorsing oor die redes vir internasionale migrasie soos verskaf deur die migrant self. Die demografiese en ekonomiese implikasies van immigrasie domineer nie slegs die meeste van die werk in hierdie verband nie, maar blyk ook die enigste besorgdheid te wees van navorsers wat die internasionale migrasie van Afrikane bestudeer. Die studie fokus op onderliggende faktore wat immigrante uit Afrika motiveer om na Suid-Afika te immigreer en Kaapstad as bestemming kies. Data van indiepte onderhoude word ontleed ten einde die motiverings vir migrasie na Kaapstad vas te stel. Aandag word gegee aan die omstandighede in die migrante se lande van oorsprong, die rol van sosiale netwerke in die verskaffing van inligting oor die keuse van 'n bestemming en migrasieroetes, die struikelblokke langs die pad, hulle aanpassing in Kaapstad en hulle persepsies oor Kaapstad as 'n permanente bestemming. Dit blyk uit die literatuuroorsig oor redes vir migrasie dat daar twee dominante teoretiese benaderings (makro en mikro benaderings) vir die verduideliking van internasionale migrasie bestaan. Die makro benaderings fokus op migrasiestroom en identifiseer die omstandighede waaronder grootskaaaise bewegings plaasvind en beskryf ook die demografiese, ekonomiese en sosiale eienskappe van die migrante in groepsverband. Daar teenoor fokus mikro teorieë op die sosiaal-sielkundige faktore wat migrante van nie-migrante onderskei, tesame met teorieë oor motivering, besluitneming, bevrediging en identifikasie. Alhoewel elke teorie uiteindelik dieselfde verskynsel verduidelik, word verskillende konsepte, aannames en verwysingsraamwerke toegepas. Hierdie studie gebruik 'n eklektiese benadering waarin insigte uit beide mikro- en makrovlak ontledings gebruik word. Die studie oorweeg ook die geskiktheid van 'n kwalitaitiewe navorsingsontwerp vir die bestudering van spesifieke aspekte van migrasie en maak gebruik van 'n kwalitatiewe gevallestudie metode. Die metode fasiliteer 'n dieper refleksie van individue betreffende die faktore wat bygedra het tot hulle besluit om te migreer. Semi-gestruktureerde indiepte onderhoude is met vier immigrante gevoer. Daar is vasgestel dat immigrante oor verskillende redes migreer, maar onder dieselfde omstandighede. Uit die materiaal van die gevallestudies blyk dit dat dieselfde kwessies partykeer uiteenlopende betekenis vir elke migrant het. Een aspek wat deur al vier immigrante gedeel word, is die feit dat omstandighede in hulle lande van herkoms hulle forseer het om te migreer - hulle lewens is bedreig. Hulle . relatiewe hoë opleidingspeil en toegang tot fondse het hulle heel waarskynlik daartoe in staat gestelom te trek. Diegene in 'n minderbevoorregte posise het agtergebly. Die studie bevind ook dat die uitruil en vrye vloei van inligting en sosiale netwerke eerder die plek van bestemming bepaal as om die besluit om te migreer beïnvloed. Dit blyk egter dat die inligting wat immigrante ontvang soms verkeerd is en nie op die negatiewe aspekte van migrasie fokus nie. Wanneer die immigrante eers in Kaapstad is, voel hulle geïsoleerd, ervaar hulle vooroordeel, vyandigheid en diskriminasie van Suid-Afrikaners. Dit wilook voorkom asof baie Suid-Afrikaners nie 'n onderskeid tref tussen asielsoekers, vlugtelinge en ekonomiese migrante nie. Net die feit dat hulle vanaf 'n ander Afrika land afkomstig is, maak baie mense negatief teenoor hulle. Xenofobie manifesteer egter nie slegs in negatiewe ingesteldhede nie, maar daar is ook toenemende viktimisasie. Weens hierdie faktore en die probleme wat hulle ondervind om werksgeleenthede te vind waarin hulle hul vaardighede kan toepas, dra daartoe by dat immigrante Suid-Afrika nie as 'n permanente tuiste beskou nie.
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Lefumat, Hannah. "Interlimb transfer of sensorimotor adaptation : predictive factors and underlying processes." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016AIXM4014/document.
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L’adaptation motrice renvoie à la capacité de notre système nerveux à produire continuellement des mouvements précis et ce malgré le fait que notre environnement ainsi que notre corps puissent être soumis à des modifications. Le transfert d’adaptation entre les membres découle de notre habilité à généraliser ce que l’on a appris, par exemple, avec un bras au bras opposé. Le transfert entre les membres est un objet d’étude complexe. Les conditions amenant au transfert sont largement débattues dans la littérature car les résultats d’une étude à l’autre peuvent être contradictoires. Ce travail de thèse s’inscrit dans une tentative d’apporter une explication concernant l’hétérogénéité des performances et les divergences observées dans les différentes études portant sur le transfert entre les membres. Les deux premières expériences avaient pour but d’identifier si des conditions paradigmatiques ou idiosyncratiques pouvaient influencer les performances du transfert au bras opposé. L’objectif de la troisième expérience était d’étudier l’influence des processus sous-jacents à l’adaptation sur le transfert entre les membres d’après le modèle de Smith et collaborateurs (2006). Nos résultats nous ont permis d’éclaircir certains aspects du transfert concernant les facteurs prédictifs et les processus mis en jeu. Nos deux premières études suggèrent que les différences individuelles sont une source d’information pertinente pour expliquer certains comportements tels que le transfert entre les membres. Notre troisième étude nous a permis de caractériser les processus qui, durant l’adaptation, prédisposent au transfertMotor adaptation refers to the capacity of our nervous system to produce accurate movements while the properties of our body and our environment continuously change. Interlimb transfer is a process that directly stems from motor adaptation. It occurs when knowledge gained through training with one arm change the performance of the opposite arm movements. Interlimb transfer of adaptation is an intricate process. Numerous studies have investigated the patterns of transfer and conflicted results have been found. The attempt of my PhD project was to identify which factors and processes favor interlimb transfer of adaptation and thence may explain the discrepancies found in the literature. The first two experiments aimed at investigated whether paradigmatic or idiosyncratic features would influence the performance in interlimb transfer. The third experiment provided some insights on the processes allowing interlimb transfer by using the dual-rate model of adaptation put forth by Smith et al. (2006). Our results show that inter-individual differences may be a key factor to consider when studying interlimb transfer of adaptation. Also, the study of the different sub-processes of adaptation seems helpful to understand how interlimb transfer works and how it can be related to other behaviors such as the expression of motor memory
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Chambers, David L. "Abiotic Factors Underlying Stress Hormone Level Variation Among Larval Amphibians." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/27817.
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Anthropogenic disturbances can alter the abiotic composition of freshwater systems. These compositional changes can act as physiological stressors towards system inhabitants. However, little is known about how these altered abiotic factors influence stress hormones (corticosterone) in larval amphibians. Throughout the following chapters, I examined the effects of several abiotic factors on baseline and stress-induced corticosterone levels in the larvae of four amphibian species: Jefferson salamander (Ambystoma jeffersonianum), spotted salamander (A. maculatum), wood frog (Rana sylvatica), and grey treefrog (Hyla versicolor). Chapter II examined corticosterone level differences throughout development in A. jeffersonianum and R. sylvatica larvae under field, mesocosm, and laboratory venues. Baseline corticosterone levels in R. sylvatica increased near metamorphic climax in all venues, but not in A. jeffersonianum. Rather, baseline corticosterone levels differed with respect to venue throughout development in A. jeffersonianum. Chapter III examined corticosterone level differences among free-living A. jeffersonianum populations and possible abiotic factors underlying these hormone differences. Corticosterone levels significantly differed across populations. Increased baseline corticosterone levels significantly correlated to low pH. There was also a trend for increased baseline corticosterone levels to be positively correlated with chloride levels and negatively correlated with conductivity. Chapter IV examined the effects of laboratory manipulated pH on corticosterone levels in A. jeffersonianum, A. maculatum, R. sylvatica, and H. versicolor. There was a significant correlation between increased baseline corticosterone levels to low pH in all four species. Prey consumption (in both Ambystoma species) and survival (in A. jeffersonianum, A. maculatum, and R. sylvatica) were also negatively correlated to low pH. Chapter V examined the effects of increased conductivity on corticosterone levels in A. jeffersonianum, R. sylvatica, and H. versicolor. Increased conductivity exposure significantly correlated to increased baseline corticosterone levels in A. jeffersonianum and R. sylvatica. Prey consumption in A. jeffersonianum was also negatively correlated to increased conductivity. My dissertation shows that abiotic factors, such as pH and conductivity, can influence corticosterone levels in larval amphibians. These results suggest that corticosterone levels in larval amphibians may be a suitable biomarker reflective of altered freshwater habitat quality. However, my results also suggest that one should use a high degree of caution when using corticosterone levels in larval amphibians as a means to infer the health status of a population.Ph. D.
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Persson, Ghylfe Niklas. "Content of Communication in English 7Teacher Choices and Underlying Factors." Thesis, Örebro universitet, Institutionen för humaniora, utbildnings- och samhällsvetenskap, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:oru:diva-92771.
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This essay provides perspectives from four teachers with over eighty years combinedexperience on their choices of content of communications in English 7. The reason forconducting this study is that in English 7, which is the last English course in Swedish uppersecondaryschool, the teacher may face a diverse group of students with different programgoals, which may lead to different content needs. The aim of the study is to explore thisquestion, considering factors that affect choices in the course and what social domain it will besituated in.Data were gathered through semi-structured interviews with four experienced teachers andanalyzed using qualitative content analysis. The study reveals that one strategy for solving theabove-mentioned problem is student influence, which, in short, means that the teacher lets thestudents pick content that matches the requirements in the content of communications. Otherfindings reveal that relationships with other teachers can affect the communication content incross-subject work, the teachers second subject and personal interests affect have differentamounts of influence, what method the teacher choose in course units and what part of thecurriculum the teachers consider a priority. This essay is useful for several purposes,policymakers will be able to see how teacher reason and practice particular parts of policydocuments, teachers will be able to ask themselves the same questions and reflect on whataffects their own teaching, and teaching students will be able to see how they can include theirpassion or knowledge into subject matter.
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Johansson-Love, Jill. "Factors underlying stalking and harassing behavior in a college population." Morgantown, W. Va. : [West Virginia University Libraries], 2004. https://etd.wvu.edu/etd/controller.jsp?moduleName=documentdata&jsp%5FetdId=3650.
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Roel, Dellazoppa Alvaro. "Factors underlying grain yield spatiotemporal variability in California rice fields /." For electronic version search Digital dissertations database. Restricted to UC campuses. Access is free to UC campus dissertations, 2003. http://uclibs.org/PID/11984.
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HOWARD, JAMES DAVID. "CENTRAL AND PERIPHERAL FACTORS UNDERLYING BILATERAL INHIBITION DURING MAXIMAL EFFORTS." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/184067.
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It has been shown that maximal, bilateral efforts result in both a force and EMG deficit when compared to maximal, unilateral activation of the same musculature. It is unclear whether this deficit is the result of interactions of central or peripheral origin. The first aim study investigated the bilateral performance index (BPI (%) = [100 x bilateral force/(right unilateral + left unilateral forces)] - 100) for maximal, isometric, extensor torques about the knee joint in three groups of subjects: untrained (never lifted weights), cyclists (leg musculature trained reciprocally), and weightlifters (legs trained bilaterally). The BPI for the weightlifters (+7.0 ± 5.0%) was significantly (p < 0.05) greater than the BPI of the cyclists (-4.0 ± 6.3%) or the untrained subjects (-9.7 ± 5.2%). These results indicate that the inhibitory mechanisms previously proposed to act during bilateral efforts are inadequate, and that excitatory factors must be present to achieve a BPI > 0. The second aim study showed that the BPI can be altered as a result of three weeks of bilateral isometric strength training. The BPI's for the control and unilateral training groups were not significantly different pre- to posttraining. However, the BPI of the bilateral training group increased significantly (p < 0.05) from -3.7 ± 6.9% prior to training, to +4.2 ± 4.4% after training. These findings indicate that bilateral strength training can alter the relationship between unilateral and bilateral force output. The third aim study demonstrated that subjects with a positive BPI (+6.8 ± 4.3%) responded differently to an afferent perturbation (electrical stimulation) than subjects with a negative BPI (-10.0 ± 5.2%). The negative BPI group showed a 5.7 ± 3.4% facilitation in force during contralateral electrical stimulation. This was significantly (p < 0.05) less than the 16.5 ± 7.5% facilitation shown by the positive BPI group. These results indicate that afferent feedback can alter the force output in the contralateral limb, and may thereby play a role in unilateral-bilateral force differences.
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Hancock, Holly Elizabeth. "Aging and inferencing ability : an examination of factors underlying text comprehension." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/29558.
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Wong, Hon-kwan, and 黃漢鈞. "Cognitive factors underlying pragmatic deficits in children with autism spectrum disorder." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10722/209676.
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Pragmatic language impairments have been found in children with high-functioning Autism (HFA). Limited studies have investigated the contributing factors. This study compared 23 children with HFA with 28 typically-developing children on pragmatic language measures, with their age, cognitive ability and language ability matched or controlled. Deficit of children with HFA was found in making inferences in comprehension but not in narrative ability, and abilities to make inferences in narrative and about psychological state. Theory of mind was an impairment for children with HFA and correlated with inferences about psychological state. In the measure of executive functioning at visual-perceptual level, better performance was found in children with HFA. This cognitive factor did not correlate with any pragmatic language measure.published_or_final_version
Educational Psychology
Master
Master of Social Sciences
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Smythe, Ian. "Cognitive factors underlying reading and spelling difficulties : a cross linguistic study." Thesis, University of Surrey, 2002. http://epubs.surrey.ac.uk/739/.
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Zhang, Hanqin Qiu. "The underlying factors affecting the mainland Chinese travelling to Hong Kong." Thesis, University of Strathclyde, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.366927.
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Sullivan, Mariya Anne. "Factors underlying high school mathematics teachers' perceptions of challenging math tasks." Scholarly Commons, 2019. https://scholarlycommons.pacific.edu/uop_etds/3584.
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In this confirmatory factor analysis, factors previously identified to explain the variability in Middle School Mathematics Teachers’ perception of the Common Core State Standards of Mathematics were considered as factors hypothesized to effect high school math teachers’ perceptions of challenging math tasks (CMTs). The factor of student characterization (i.e., disposition, academic preparation, and student behavior) was additionally considered as a factor hypothesized to explain teachers’ perceptions of CMTs, as well as site-based variables (i.e., curriculum, assessment and evaluation, professional development, and collaboration). In addition, teachers’ understanding of the importance of the mathematical practice standards and teacher familiarity with enacting CMTs were factors considered in the model. The original septenary factor structure was modified and good model fit was achieved. In addition to the confirmatory factor analysis model which provides a structure for considering teachers perceptions of CMTs, descriptive statistics are presented from the survey developed that captured teachers’ perceptions of CMTs relative to their sites.
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Jayakody, S. A. "Investigating genetic factors underlying hypopituitarism and septo-optic dysplasia in humans." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2012. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1353342/.
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Differentiation of pituitary progenitors into the six different hormone-producing cell types that form the mature organ is a complex process that requires the coordinated spatial and temporal expression of multiple genes. Over the past decades, it has become apparent that mutations in a number of these developmentally important pituitary-specific transcription factors, including Hesx1 and Sox2, leads to hypopituitarism with or without syndromic features such as septo-optic dysplasia (SOD). This thesis extends previous work in further understanding basic pituitary development with the ultimate goal of increasing knowledge of hypopituitarism and SOD in humans. Hesx1 was one of the first genes implicated in these conditions. It is a homeobox transcriptional repressor that is required for normal anterior forebrain and pituitary development in mouse and human. Here a dual approach was used to advance our understanding of Hesx1 function in the developing hypothalamic-pituitary axis (HPA). Firstly, phenotypic analysis of the neuroendocrine hypothalamus in Hesx1 mouse models has revealed an original role for Hesx1 in the development of this structure, providing a strong correlation with human SOD cases. Secondly, functional analysis of novel HESX1 mutations has showed that mutations occurring within the homeodomain impede DNA binding whilst repressor activity is maintained, providing more insight into the molecular function of HESX1. Sox2 is a SOXB1-HMG-box transcription factor that has been recently associated with hypopituitarism, demonstrating a requirement of SOX2 for normal HPA development and function in humans. We used a condition approach in mice to investigate the pathogenesis of these defects. Our observations demonstrate that Sox2 is required for the normal proliferation of pituitary progenitors, and for the terminal differentiation of the Pit1 lineage. Furthermore, Hesx1Cre/+;Sox2fl/fl embryos exhibit reduced GnRH neurogenesis, providing insights into the characteristic hypogonadotrophic hypogonadism observed in SOX2 patients. Combined, the Hesx1Cre/+;Sox2fl/fl mouse provides a suitable model for understanding the pathogenesis of SOX2 mutations in humans.
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Greene, Max. "Explaining the underlying psychological factors of consumer behaviour with artificial neural networks." Thesis, Cardiff University, 2016. http://orca.cf.ac.uk/94702/.
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This thesis intends to advance our understanding of consumer behaviour, and proposes an extension to the theoretical and methodological framework of the Behavioural Perspective Model. Drawing on the intellectual tradition of connectionism and employing advanced artificial neural network modelling techniques, the research programme described here assesses the appropriateness of connectionist architectures in explaining consumer behaviour. This thesis traces the developments in the fields of consumer behaviour analysis to critically evaluate the significance of limitations inherited from radical behaviourism, and proposes a hybrid connectionist approach to address these methodological constraints. The study is both highly quantitative and interpretative in nature, and generates a large body of empirical evidence to support the methodological and theoretical deliberations. Two types of data are used here: a simulated dataset to assess the capacity of the pruning algorithms to reveal the underlying relations within the data; and a consumer panel dataset to which the neural network algorithms are applied to develop predictive, descriptive, and interpretative connectionist models that aim to explain the consumer purchasing decision-making process. Even though it is beyond the scope of this research project to propose mechanisms to explain all elements of consumer purchasing decision and it will therefore remain to be addressed as part of an ongoing collaborative research programme, the main conclusion to be drawn from this work is that the connectionist framework and artificial neural networks can be considered a significant contribution to the extension of theoretical and philosophical framework of intentional behaviourism.
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Best, Jim. "Factors and Processes Underlying Increases of Relational Coordination in Task-Coordinating Groups." Thesis, Saybrook University, 2018. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10688757.
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Relational capacity within cross-functional groups is increasingly understood to mediate a variety of performance outcomes. Relational coordination, a specific measure and theory of organizational performance in interdependent cross-functional groups with integrated tasks, has been associated with better performance outcomes especially under conditions of uncertainty and time pressure (Gittell, 2016). Understanding underlying factors and processes that contribute to increased relational coordination in terms of opportunity tension (Lichtenstein, 2014), focus theory (Feld, 1981), and positive organizational scholarship (Dutton & Ragins, 2007) from a multilevel research perspective (Kozlowski & Klein, 2000) may extend the theory and offers the possibility of designing more effective change interventions.
This single exploratory case study focused on a hospital Intensive Care Unit (ICU) that had demonstrated increased relational coordination as a result of change interventions. Case study method was suited to this “how” and “why” research question. During a single week, 15 ICU participants were interviewed on-site. Video interviews of 8 consultants, expert in relational coordination interventions from a variety of settings, situated the case in a larger context.
Transcripts were coded producing 35 descriptors that were ranked by frequency. The following 5 analytic categories of significant factors and processes emerged: (a) opportunity tension, (b) relational factors, (c) sensemaking, (d) focal activity, and (e) contextual factors. Additionally, 2 emergent themes developed: (a) factors and processes are causally linked in a mesh of interdependency, and (b) occur at multiple levels and multiple scales.
The major contribution of this study was an interoperability model of the 5 analytic categories of factors as a multilevel causal mesh to increase relational coordination. Contextual factors help create the container for focal activities that build relationships and the safety for continuous learning and sensemaking. At every point in the process, opportunity tension stimulated action. The analytic category model led to 22 recommendations that inform future change intervention designs. More specific research into each of the 5 analytic categories is needed to validate the findings and increase the resolution of how the factors are involved in the processes. Exciting future directions include leveraging positive organizational scholarship and harvesting relational coordination field practices to deepen theory.
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Altrichter, Mariana. "FACTORS UNDERLYING THE INTERACTIONS BETWEEN PEOPLE AND WILDLIFE IN THE ARGENTINE CHACO." Diss., Tucson, Arizona : University of Arizona, 2005. http://etd.library.arizona.edu/etd/GetFileServlet?file=file:///data1/pdf/etd/azu%5Fetd%5F1200%5F1%5Fm.pdf&type=application/pdf.
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Pollack, Jacob N. "Activity of Dlx Transcription Factors in Regulatory Cascades Underlying Vertebrate Forebrain Development." Thèse, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/23655.
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The temporal and spatial patterning that underlies morphogenetic events is controlled by gene regulatory networks (GRNs). These operate through a combinatorial code of DNA – binding transcription factor proteins, and non – coding DNA sequences (cis-regulatory elements, or CREs), that specifically bind transcription factors and regulate nearby genes. By comparatively studying the development of different species, we can illuminate lineage – specific changes in gene regulation that account for morphological evolution.
The central nervous system of vertebrates is composed of diverse neural cells that undergo highly coordinated programs of specialization, migration and differentiation during development. Approximately 20% of neurons in the cerebral cortex are GABAergic inhibitory interneurons, which release the neurotransmitter gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA). Diseases such as autism, schizophrenia and epilepsy are associated with defects in GABAergic interneuron function. Several members of the distal-less homeobox (Dlx) transcription factor family are implicated in a GRN underlying early GABAergic interneuron development in the forebrain.
I examined the role played by orthologous dlx genes in the development of GABAergic interneurons in the zebrafish forebrain. I found that when ascl1a transcription factor is down-regulated through the micro-injection of translation – blocking morpholino oligonucleotides, Dlx gene transcription is decreased in the diencephalon, but not the telencephalon. Similarly, gad1a transcription is also decreased in this region for these morphants. As gad1a encodes an enzyme necessary for the production of GABA, these genes are implicated in a cascade underlying GABAergic interneuron development in the diencephalon.
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Heidrich, Beaumont L. "The Underlying Factors of Regional U.S. Hotel Market Resiliency Post 9/11." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2010. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/cmc_theses/6.
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I was interested in researching the underlying factors that drove resiliency in regional U.S. hotel markets. I did this by conducting an empirical analysis of twenty nine different markets post September 11 and investigating general, leisure and business variables. I concluded that leisure variables were the underlying drivers of resiliency in regional U.S. hotel markets.
I then conducted an event study to try to apply my findings to stock market prices of publicly traded hotel companies. Although it was a challenge to differentiate between companies that depended more on leisure versus business customers due to their asset diversification, I categorized each company into one of the two subsets. If my findings held, I would assume that that the cumulative abnormal returns for the companies that relied on business customers would be more negative than the companies who relied on leisure customers. However, this was not the case, so the findings that leisure variables drive market resiliency were not a good predictor of stock market reaction.
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Holm, Stefan, and Dag Thorstensson. "The Current State of Controller Roles : Underlying Social Factors and Identity Control." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Företagsekonomiska institutionen, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-202592.
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The aim of this thesis is to gather insights on the underlying social factors behind the current state of controller roles in a multinational enterprise. Additionally, the thesis explores the possibility of managing perceptions and expectations of controller roles, in accordance to corporate business objectives. In order to do this, theoretical concepts of Role Theory, Boundary Spanning and Identity Control were utilized. This paper has a qualitative research design and is based on an embedded single-case study. Due to the exploratory nature of the research, the study is based on the method of „systematic combining‟. The objectives of the company were to establish both local and regional controllers as business partners. Findings indicate that the regional controller could focus on business advisory tasks to a large extent due to a formally appointed role, whereas the local controllers were restricted by their role and expectations to focus more on scorekeeping and managerial duties. The term „business partner‟ was spread throughout the organization. By ascribing this label to controllers, other expectations on the role were induced, which also infers a higher hierarchical positioning. Future research could go more in depth on the process of internalizing values.
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Chadist, Patrapa. "Factors underlying companies response to supply chain disruption : a grounded theory approach." Thesis, City University London, 2012. http://openaccess.city.ac.uk/1254/.
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A wide range of recent man-made and natural disasters has demonstrated the importance of managing disruption risk in global supply chains. This research argues that supply chain disruptions are, de facto, unavoidable and consequently all complex supply chains can be considered inherently risky. This research focuses on a relatively unexplored issue in supply chain risk management, asking and answering the question of how companies specifically use time to respond to catastrophic events of low probability but high impact. Linking faster response lead-time with reduced impact, the goal is to identify and explore the underlying factors of managing disruption risk by answering how companies respond to supply chain disruptions. In reducing total response time by detecting the event, designing solutions, and deploying a recovery plan sooner after a disruption, the company can reduce the impact of disruption risk. The research uses Grounded Theory methodology to extend an emerging framework on time-based supply chain risk management. Empirical data is used from a range of sources including interviews and corporate publications from the events faced by global pharmaceutical manufacturer during a pandemic in 2009. The emerging categories of possible factors in response time are further developed using data from the events surrounding the worst maritime oil spill in history in 2010 under the management responsibility of the Exploration and Production (Upstream) division of a global energy company and from an industrial accident in 2005 in the Refining and Marketing division of the same firm. The research identifies four categories of factors that companies can focus on to reduce response time in the face of catastrophic events of low probability and high impact: organisational structure, preparation, partnership and reserve. The research derives new insights, presented as four propositions that relate the response time in managing supply chain disruption to negative or potentially positive impact.
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Varese, Filippo. "Cognitive, metacognitive and dissociative factors underlying psychotic hallucinations and nonclinical hallucination-proneness." Thesis, Bangor University, 2011. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.540423.
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Herbert, Suzan Margaret. "Factors underlying registered nurse interactions in a multicultural tertiary healthcare perioperative area." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/97009.
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Thesis (MCur)--Stellenbosch University, 2015.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Disruptive behaviour among health care providers in high stress areas such as the perioperative setting has been linked to negative patient safety. Conflicts of power, role and personality lead to communication failure, which are identified as the leading root cause of medication errors and wrong site surgery. The aim of the study was to explore and describe the factors underlying registered nurse (RN) interactions in a tertiary healthcare perioperative area. A non-experimental, descriptive, exploratory study with self-administered survey using a quantitative approach was used. The total population of N=52 participants working in the perioperative area of a Middle Eastern tertiary healthcare centre were invited to participate in the study and the response rate was n=44, 85%. A structured self-administered questionnaire was used to collect the data. Reliability and validity was assured by means of a pilot study and consultation with nursing experts and a statistician. The Health Research Ethics Committee of the University of Stellenbosch approved the study. Permission for the study to be done in the tertiary care centre was obtained from the Internal Ethical Review Board and the Nursing Executive. Informed written consent was obtained from the participants. Anonymity and confidentiality was respected. The data was analysed with the assistance of a statistician and presented in frequencies, tables and histograms. The responses were compared using Mann-Whitney U test, Kruskal- Wallis ANOVA and Spearman’s Rank correlation, on a 95% confidence level. Only one factor showed a significant result, following Spearman’s Rank correlation that an association exists between work experience and lateral violence (p≤0.045239). The open-ended questions were categorized into themes and respect and communication emerged as factors necessary in teamwork and task management The level of respect and open communication between RNs were seen as important factors for interacting with colleagues in the workplace and if poor, affects team work. An area of concern was the high number of neutral responses to the statements on morale and conflict. Underpinned by the literature and the outcomes of this study, it is recommended that strong leadership is required to implement regular team building activities. Furthermore, perioperative staff should be monitored for emotional fatigue which results from conflict situations in order to avert adverse patient care events.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Steurende gedrag onder gesondheidsorgwerkers in hoë gespanne areas soos in die perioperatiewe omgewing, word gekoppel aan negatiewe pasiënt veiligheid. Konflikte van mag, rol en persoonlikheid lei tot mislukking van kommunikasie wat geïdentifiseer word as die hoofoorsaak van foute by die toediening van medikasie en verkeerde plek vir chirurgie. Die doel van die studie was om die faktore te ondersoek en te beskryf wat onderliggend is aan geregistreerde verpleeg (GV) interaksies in ’n tersiêre gesondheidsorg perioperatiewe area. ’n Nie-eksperimentele, beskrywende, ondersoekende studie met ’n self-administrerende opname deur ’n kwantitatiewe benadering, was gebruik. Die totale populasie van N=52 deelnemers wat in die perioperatiewe area van ’n Midde-Oosterse tersiêre gesondheidsorgsentrum werk, was uitgenooi om deel te neem aan hierdie studie en die responskoers was n=44, 85%. ’n Gestruktureerde self-administrerende vraelys was gebruik om die data te kollekteer. Betroubaarheid en geldigheid was verseker deur die gebruik van ’n loodsprojek en konsultasie met verpleegdeskundiges, asook ’n statistikus. Die Gesondheidsnavorsingsetiekkomitee aan die Universiteit van Stellenbosch het die studie goedgekeur. Toestemming vir die uitvoer van die studie by die tersiêre gesondheidssentrum was verkry van die Interne Etiese Oorsigraad en die Uitvoerende Verplegingsbestuur. Ingeligte geskrewe toestemming was verkry van die deelnemers. Anonimiteit en vertroulikheid was gerespekteer. Die data was geanaliseer met die hulp van ’n statistikus en aangebied in frekwensies, tafels en histogramme. Die response was vergelyk deur van Mann-Whitney U-toets, Kruskal-Wallis ANOVA of Spearman se Rangkorrelasie op ’n 95% vertroulikheidsvlak gebruik te maak. Slegs een faktor het ’n beduidende resultaat getoon, dat daar ’n assosiasie bestaan tussen werkservaring en laterale geweld (p≤0.045239), deur Spearman se Rangkorrelasie te volg. Die ope-vrae was gekategoriseer in temas. Respek en kommunikasie het as noodsaaklike faktore vir spanwerk en taakbestuur na vore gekom. Die vlak van respek en ope kommunikasie tussen geregistreerde verpleegsters was gesien as belangrike faktore vir interaksie met kollegas in die werkplek en indien dit swak is, affekteer dit spanwerk. ’n Area van besorgdheid was die hoë aantal neutrale response op die stellings oor moraal en konflik. Ondersteun deur die literatuur en die uitkomste van die studie, word dit aanbeveel dat sterk leierskap vereis word om gereelde spanbou aktiwiteite te implementeer. Verder behoort perioperatiewe personeel gemonitor te word vir emosionele moegheid wat spruit uit konfliksituasies, ten einde nadelige pasiëntsorg af te weer.
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Damon, Franzett Elize. "Factors underlying women's decision not to report physical abuse : a qualitative exploration." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/53422.
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Thesis (MA)--Stellenbosch University, 2003.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Violence against women, commonly known as women abuse, is currently evolving into a serious social problem. In South Africa thousands of women are victims of violence inflicted by their intimate partners. Although violence against women is a serious violation of human rights, it is often not recognised as such. Violence against women in intimate relationships often results in women experiencing serious physical, psychological and reproductive health problems. When living or trapped in abusive relationships, women are exposed to injuries, ailments and diseases, wounds, chronic pain, infertility and internal bleeding. In spite of the fact that governments, including the South Africa government, have committed themselves to addressing women abuse through legislation, large numbers of women still experience extraordinary high levels of violence. However, many women neglect to report incidents of violence. Many women remain in such relationships, legislation aimed at protecting their rights not withstanding. The aim of this study was to explore why women neglect to report incidents of violence and to explore women's experiences of violence. Seven coloured women between the ages of 21 and 38 years and living in a small rural town in the Western Cape participated in the study. In-depth interviews were used to obtain information from these women. The extent of the problem of women abuse worldwide and in South Africa is illustrated by research conducted internationally as well as locally. Radical feminism is used as a theoretical framework to interpret the causes of women abuse, the 'acceptance' of women abuse by the community and society and the reasons why women choose not to report incidents of abuse. The analysis and the interpretation of the data is done against the background of social practices embedded in the patriarchal structuring of society. It was found that women's experiences and lives are predominantly structured in terms of their sex and that women comply with expectations set by their intimate partners, family and friends. In order to maintain their relationships, secure a household income and to protect their children against poverty, women remain silent about the abuse they suffer. The study also found that women's responses to abuse relate to the sources and options available to them.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Geweld teen vroue wat algemeen bekend staan as vrouernishandeling, is tans besig om in 'n ernstige sosiale probleem te ontwikkel. Binne die Suid-Afrikaanse konteks is duisende vroue die slagoffers van geweld binne intieme verhoudings. Alhoewel vrouernishandeling 'n ernstige skending van menseregte is, word dit nie altyd as sodanig erken nie. Mishandeling binne intieme verhoudings lê dikwels ten grondslag van vroue se fisiese, sielkundige en reproduktiewe gesondheidsprobleme. Vroue wat vasgevang is in sulke verhoudings word blootgestel aan beserings, kwale en siektes, wonde, kroniese pyn, onvrugbaarheid en interne bloeding. Ten spyte van die feit dat verskeie lande se regenngs, insluitende Suid-Afrika, hulself verbind het tot 'n stryd teen vrouernishandeling met behulp van wetgewing, ervaar groot getalle vroue wêreldwyd nog steeds buitengewone vlakke van geweld. Baie vroue versuim egter om insidente van mishandeling te rapporteer. Baie vroue bly in intieme verhoudings ten spyte daarvan dat wetgewing wat gerig is op die beskerming van hul regte in plek is. Die doel van hierdie studie was dus om vas te stel waarom vroue versuim om insidente van mishandeling te rapporteer en om insig te verkry in die ervaringswêreld van mishandelde vroue. Sewe Kleurling vroue tussen die ouderdomme van 21 en 38 jaar en woonagtig in 'n klein plattelandse dorpie in die Wes-Kaap het aan die studie deelgeneem. 'n Kwalitatiewe benadering is gevolg en data is met behulp van in-diepte onderhoude ingesamel. Die omvang van vrouernishandeling wêreldwyd en binne die Suid-Afrikaanse konteks word geïllustreer aan die hand van internasionale en plaaslike navorsing oor die verskynsel. Radikale feminisme word as teoretiese vertrekpunt geneem in die interpretasie van die oorsake van vroumishandeling, die 'aanvaarding' van die verskynsel deur die gemeenskap en samelewing en die redes waarom vroue nie insidente van geweld rapporteer nie. Die analise en interpretasie van data is gedoen teen die agtergrond van sosiale praktyke binne die konteks van patriargale strukturering van die samelewing. Die studie bevind dat vroue se ervarings grootliks gestruktureer word in terme van hul geslag en dat hulle hul gedrag in ooreenstemming bring met die verwagtings van hul intieme maats, vriende en familie. Ten einde hulle verhoudings in stand te hou, 'n huishoudelike inkomste te verseker en hul kinders teen armoede te beskerm, besluit vroue om 'n stilswye rondom hul mishandeling te handhaaf. Die studie toon dat vroue se response verband hou met die bronne en opsies wat tot hul beskikking is.
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Huang, Rongbing. "Factors Underlying Non-Metropolitan-to-Metropolitan Commuting Decisions in Northern Virginia Households." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/45212.
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This study analyzes the wage and non-wage factors underlying non-metropolitan-to-metropolitan commuting decisions of households in five non-metropolitan counties in Northern Virginia. The potential fiscal and planning implications of these decisions are also discussed. Chapter one contains a description of the study area, problem statement and objectives. Chapter two reviews related literature on commuting, housing and job location, as well as rent and wage gradients. Chapter three provides a theoretical framework for analyzing household commuting decisions. Chapter four presents descriptive statistics, and introduces a switching regression system of equations to simultaneously estimate factors influencing commuting decisions and earnings in non-metropolitan and metropolitan labor markets. Chapter five reports the regression results, and simulates wage gaps and the distance of the metropolitan labor market draw for different groups of workers. Chapter six discusses potential fiscal implications of commuting and potential policies to manage growth in commuting.
The empirical result shows that the major incentive for workers to commute is a large age gap between metropolitan and non-metropolitan labor market areas. Household responsibilities, housing preference and ability to find local jobs represent non-wage factors underlying commuting decisions. Two study findings suggest that the local fiscal implications of non-metropolitan-to-metropolitan commuting households may be limited. First, commuting households are found to have fewer school-aged children, and require less local expenditures on education. Second, commuting households are more likely to be homeowners, have more rooms in their homes, and provide a larger tax base.Master of Science
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Thompson, Hannah Elizabeth. "Deficits of semantic cognition in stroke aphasia : underlying causes and ameliorating factors." Thesis, University of York, 2012. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/3721/.
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Research suggests that semantic memory deficits can occur in at least three ways. Patients can (1) show amodal degradation of concepts within the semantic store itself, such as in semantic dementia (SD), (2) have an impairment of semantic control, leading to difficulty accessing appropriate knowledge in line with current goals or context, as in semantic aphasia (SA), and (3) experience a semantic deficit in only one modality following degraded input from sensory cortex. Patients with SA show damage to prefrontal cortex which extends posteriorly (PF+), or damage restricted to temporoparietal regions (TP-only), and have deficits of semantic control and ‘access’ across word and picture tasks, consistent with the view that their problems arise from impaired multimodal control processes. This thesis aims to explore the nature of these deficits, in four themes. (1) “Refractory effects” in SA patients are explored across modalities – i.e., these patients are shown to experience declining accuracy in cyclical matching tasks when semantically-related sets are presented rapidly and repeatedly. (2) We studied one case study with ‘verbal-only’ refractory effects, to investigate an apparent anomaly in the literature – the existence of patients who have ‘access’ deficits which are restricted to a single modality. These patients challenge the notion that semantic control processes are modality-general. We assessed the hypothesis that multimodal semantic control/ access impairments can follow a modality-specific pattern if paired with an input deficit of a single modality. (3) We explore the effect of lesion location on behavioural performance of semantic aphasia (SA) patients, who have PF+ or TP-only lesions by bringing together data published previously in different papers, together with some new SA cases. Past research suggests SA patients with these two lesions may show similar deficits of semantic control, yet the functional neuroimaging literature proposes a unique role for the prefrontal cortex. PF+ patients were less fluent, showed more associative picture naming errors, and overall somewhat stronger SA characteristics (e.g., they were more inconsistent, and less affected by frequency). (4) Semantic control recruits a wide cortical network, in both the left hemisphere (LH) and right hemisphere (RH). Semantic representations in the RH are partially distinct from the LH, including specialised knowledge of faces and metaphors. Our aim was to test whether damage to RH control regions would negatively affect performance on semantic control tasks which use items stored in the RH, in a similar way to our SA patients in the LH. Overall, the results suggest that semantic control operates in an amodal fashion, with deficits found across modalities. There was evidence to suggest a wide network involved in semantic control beyond the prefrontal cortex – including left posterior cortex and right hemisphere regions. However, these regions are subtly distinct in their role in semantic control.
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Charbonneau, Guylaine. "Anthropometric correlates and underlying risk factors for type 2 diabetes mellitus among Inuit." Thesis, McGill University, 2005. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=97924.
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Type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) is an emerging problem among Inuit of Circumpolar Countries. However, Canadian Inuit health surveillance data are limited. Data from the Nunavik Health Survey were used to evaluate the prevalence of overweight and obesity using the observed body mass index (BMIob) and the standardized BMI adjusted for sitting height (BMIstd). Also, data from Pangnirtung, Nunavut in the Baffin Region pilot health screening were used to evaluate anthropometric correlates of indices of insulin resistance. Obesity among the Nunavik study population (29.8%) is more prevalent than among general Canadians (23.1%), but the prevalence rates are more comparable when using BMIstd (21.5%). In Pangnirtung, anthropometric measures BMIob, BMIstd, waist circumference and percent body fat were associated with indices of insulin resistance/sensitivity (p ≤ 0.05). BMIstd showed similar results to BMIob and does not better predict the indices of insulin resistance/sensitivity.
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Webb, A. T. "Vascular disease in renal replacement therapy and its relation to underlying risk factors." Thesis, King's College London (University of London), 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.398457.
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Konishi, Kazuhisa. "Underlying factors for the success of the Japanese economy since World War II." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/13373.
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Lamberts, R. J. "Sudden death in epilepsy : an analysis of potential underlying mechanisms and risk factors." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2015. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1469392/.
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People with epilepsy have a 16 to 24 fold higher risk of sudden death than the general population. Autonomic dysfunction, cardiac electrical abnormalities, and use of potentially arrhythmic antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) have all been reported in epilepsy and suggest that the heart may be involved. Peri-ictal ventricular arrhythmia has been described in video-EEG recordings of people with severe epilepsy i.e. individuals at high risk of sudden unexpected death in epilepsy (SUDEP): a predominantly seizure-related type of sudden death without known anatomical or toxicological cause. Ventricular tachycardia/ventricular fibrillation (VT/VF) in epilepsy and its association with SUDEP have not yet been investigated in people with less severe epilepsy in the community. Postictal generalized EEG suppression (PGES)>20s after convulsive seizures (CSs) has been proposed as a new SUDEP risk marker, but these results have not been confirmed in a second study. Conflicting findings regarding the value of PGES>20s as a SUDEP risk marker may be explained by high intraindividual variability. I have undertaken three studies to obtain a better understanding of the pathophysiology of sudden death in epilepsy, directly by analysing a potential underlying cardiac mechanism (VT/VF in epilepsy) and evaluating whether this mechanism could be one of the causes of SUDEP in the community. Indirectly, the pathophysiology of sudden death in epilepsy was approached by analysing the intraindividual consistency and the facilitating co-factors of the recently proposed SUDEP risk marker PGES.
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Tawfik, Victor, and Fredrik Marstorp. "Investigating underlying factors influencing transfer of training and behavioral change in organizational settings." Thesis, KTH, Skolan för industriell teknik och management (ITM), 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-235921.
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The aim of the master thesis was to investigate the factors influencing transfer of training and behavioral change in organizational settings. Two research questions were formulated for this master thesis. Two models are presented and tested both qualitatively and quantitatively through literature research, interviews, and surveys. One is a conceptualized model based on existing literature that displays the factors influencing transfer of training. The other is a framework called the Reasoned Action Approach that explains the factors influencing behavioral change. Three firms that underwent training and development workshops participated in the study. Based on the results, it can be concluded that transfer of training was found to be predicted by motivation to transfer, which, in turn was predicted by job congruence and supervisor support. Learning, which was hypothesized to predict transfer of training, was found to be a factor parallel to transfer of training, it was found to be predicted by training motivation, which, in turn was found to be predicted by reaction to training and organizational commitment. It is concluded that these factors need to be taken into consideration when designing training and development programs for organizations. The Reasoned Action Approach have been proven to be a model fit for training and development programs to understand the underlying factors affecting behavioral change in an organizational context. The model aims to understand which of the three factors attitude, perceived norm, and perceived behavioral control are the strongest predictor of the intention to perform abehavior. Targeting these predictors in a training and development program, and measuring the result allows for determining if the intended changes have been made.Syftet med detta masterexamensarbete var att undersöka faktorerna som påverkar tillämpningav lärande och beteendeförändring i organisatoriska sammanhang; för detta arbete formulerades två forskningsfrågor. Två modeller har presenteras och testats både kvalitativt och kvantitativt genom befintlig forskning på ämnet, intervjuer, och enkäter. Den ena modellen är en konceptmodell baserat på befintlig forskning som kartlägger faktorerna som påverkar tillämpning av lärande. Den andra modellen är ett ramverk, ”The Reasoned Action Approach” som förklarar faktorerna som påverkar beteendeförändring. Tre företag som undergick utvecklingsworkshops deltog i studien. Resultatet visade att tillämpning av lärande föregås av motivation till att tillämpa lärande, som i sin tur föregås av jobbkongruens och support från chef. Lärande som hypotiserades att förutspå tillämpning av lärande upptäcktes istället vara en faktor som är parallell till tillämpande av lärande. Resultatet visade att lärande föregås av motivation till att lära sig, som i sin tur föregås av reaktion till träning och engagemang för organisationen. Slutsatsen som därmed dras är att dessa faktorer bör tas hänsyn till när utvecklingsprogram tas fram för organisationer. The Reasoned Action Approach har visat sig vara en modell som passar utvecklingsprogram för att förstå vilka faktorer som påverkar beteendeförändring i organisatoriska sammanhang. Modellens syfte är att förstå vilka av de tre faktorerna attityd, uppfattad norm, och uppfattad kontroll som starkast kan förutspå intentionen av att utföra ett beteende. Fokusering på dessa antecedenter och mätning efter workshop kan visa om önskade förändringar har skett.
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Banner, Megan. "Exploring the factors underlying successful publication following participation in an Author Assist service." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/23748.
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Author Assist is an initiative of the African Journal of Emergency Medicine (AfJEM) that pairs an experienced researcher with an author recently rejected for publication to assist with revision of the rejected article. This study explores the factors of the assistance process within partnerships that have achieved successful publication after resubmission and blind peer-review. It aims to improve Author Assist's ability to facilitate successful publication by identifying potential areas of focus that impact individual researcher development. A grounded theory, qualitative approach first looks at the assistance process for seven individuals via semi-structured interview. Structured surveys with a wider sample size of authors then provide feedback on specific components of the process and inform recommendations for improvements to the programme. Interviews are analysed by deductive placement of themes into inductively-developed categories. Participant stories within the African acute care context tend to be consistent with available literature describing current global challenges in overcoming barriers to scientific research and publication. Recounts of the Author Assist process are overwhelmingly positive, and frame the programme as a worthwhile, albeit time consuming, initiative that makes a substantial difference in the professional development of individuals, their ability to take on mentorship roles themselves, and their future success in scientific publication. Inductive build-up from interviews of effective components of the process, and suggestions for progression of the programme are confirmed by responses from other past participants. Common themes arising from author feedback include perceived pressure by assistants to complete work on time amidst other career demands; the effectiveness of the partnerships in addressing issues of language, structure, and submission requirements; and the desire for the programme to encompass the full research process. Assistant themes tend to mirror those of the authors. In addition, assistants suggest a more involved manuscript assessment by the journal, prior to commissioning a partnership. Also suggested is a redesign of the assistant database to categorise by type of assistance offered, rather than by topic expertise. The findings from this study confirm Author Assist's unique niche within emergency care development, and its effectiveness in supporting individual research careers. A number of reasonable and low cost improvements to the programme have been put forward for AfJEM to improve ability to facilitate successful publication.
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Yoon, Susan. "Fostering Resilient Development: Risk and Protective Factors Underlying Behavioral Trajectories of Maltreated Children." Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1459363057.
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Prentice, Ray (Grant Ray). "Effects of Positive Verbal Reinforcement on the Four Underlying Factors in Intrinsic Motivation." Thesis, University of North Texas, 1993. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc501188/.
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The study examined the effects of positive verbal reinforcement on intrinsic motivation by determining differential effects over four multidimensions of Ryan's Intrinsic Motivation Inventory (IMI). Subjects (N=60) were 30 male and 30 female college students. The subjects were blocked by gender and randomly assigned to a positive verbal reinforcement group or a control group. The subjects received 10 trials on the stabilometer. The results of the study indicated that there were significant group differences for composite intrinsic motivation and for perceived competence; however, there were no significant gender differences found. Furthermore, no group differences were reported for the underlying factors of interest/enjoyment, effort, or pressure/tension.
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Gunawan, Oratai Rauyajin. "Underlying factors determining unsafe induced abortion among rural women in East Java, Infonesia /." Abstract, 2004. http://mulinet3.li.mahidol.ac.th/thesis/2547/cd364/4537976.pdf.
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Li, Ling. "Mechanisms Underlying Apoptosis Inhibition and Transcription Repression by Ski." Connect to text online, 2004. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=case1118235807.
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