Relevant bibliographies by topics / The underlying factors

Academic literature on the topic 'The underlying factors'

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Published: 10 December 2022
Last updated: 28 January 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "The underlying factors"

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Alarifi, Alhanouf, and Jannat Al-Abbasi. "Employee Engagement: The Underlying Factors." International Journal of Psychosocial Rehabilitation 24, Special Issue 1 (February 28, 2020): 59–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.37200/ijpr/v24sp1/pr201134.

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Yan, You-E., Yong-Qi Zhao, Hui Wang, and Ming Fan. "Pathophysiological factors underlying heatstroke." Medical Hypotheses 67, no. 3 (January 2006): 609–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mehy.2005.12.048.

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Epstein, Yoram, Eran Hadad, and Yair Shapiro. "Pathological factors underlying hyperthermia." Journal of Thermal Biology 29, no. 7-8 (October 2004): 487–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jtherbio.2004.08.018.

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Zhu, Shuang, and R. Kelley Pace. "Factors underlying short sales." Journal of Housing Economics 27 (March 2015): 60–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhe.2015.02.001.

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Sirur, Andria J. N., and K. R. Pillai. "Factors Underlying Dental Fear:Afresh Insight." Indian Journal of Public Health Research & Development 10, no. 12 (December 1, 2019): 891. http://dx.doi.org/10.37506/v10/i12/2019/ijphrd/192085.

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Zhang, Juan, Susan E. Middlestadt, and Cheng-Ye Ji. "Psychosocial factors underlying physical activity." International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity 4, no. 1 (2007): 38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1479-5868-4-38.

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Luo, Jian-Hua, and Yan Ping Yu. "Genetic factors underlying prostate cancer." Expert Reviews in Molecular Medicine 5, no. 12 (April 15, 2003): 1–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1462399403006057.

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Prostate cancer is one of the leading causes of cancer-related death in the USA. In the past decade, tremendous progress has been made in the identification and understanding of the genetic factors related to prostate cancer development. Unlike many other types of cancers, only a small fraction of prostate cancer cases are aggressive and life-threatening. The factors related to prostate cancer development and progression appear complex and diverse. This review summarises some of the important findings in the areas of genome and gene expression abnormalities in prostate cancer, and aims to provide a comprehensive view of new developments in these areas.
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Tickner, Sarah, Patrick J. Leman, and Alison Woodcock. "Factors underlying suboptimal childhood immunisation." Vaccine 24, no. 49-50 (November 2006): 7030–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.vaccine.2006.06.060.

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Dosi, Prabha C., Aarti J. Raut, Bhaktharaj P. Chelliah, Edwin G. Brown, Bernard Z. Karmel, Richard W. Krouskop, and Avron Y. Sweet. "Perinatal factors underlying neonatal cholestasis." Journal of Pediatrics 106, no. 3 (March 1985): 471–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0022-3476(85)80683-1.

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Han, Ying, and Colin Fyfe. "FINDING UNDERLYING FACTORS IN TIMESERIES." Cybernetics and Systems 33, no. 4 (June 2002): 297–323. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01969720290040614.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "The underlying factors"

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Marget, Nancy. "Psychosocial factors underlying problem gambling." Thesis, McGill University, 1999. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=30189.

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The psychosocial correlates of adolescent gambling behavior were assessed among 7th, 9th, and 11 th graders. Participants (N = 587) completed questionnaires concerning their gambling behavior, coping skills, locus of control, depression, and substance use. Adolescents were grouped into 1 of 4 groups based upon their performance on the DSM-IV-J (Fisher, 1992) gambling screen: non-gamblers, social gamblers, problem gamblers, and probable pathological gamblers. This research examined whether individuals belonging to the 4 groups differ with respect to locus of control, coping skills, depression, and substance use. Results indicated that probable pathological gamblers were characterized by an external locus of control and reported higher levels of maladaptive coping styles, depression, and regular substance use than non-gamblers and social gamblers. Logistic regression analyses suggest that coping skills, locus of control, substance use, and depression alone do not adequately predict pathological gambling, but do seem to play an important role in the etiology nonetheless. Implications are discussed.
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Greenaway, R. "Factors underlying attentional abnormalities in autism." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.599665.

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Children with autism can be highly distractible at times, but over-focused and resistant to distraction at others. In this dissertation a series of studies are conducted to explore factors that might underlie this apparent paradox. I start by considering whether the amount of relevant and irrelevant information presented might lead to differences in selection by children with autism compared to typically developing children. However, no differences were found on tasks manipulating perceptual load, indicating that in this respect selection is typical in autism. Next, attentional capture procedures were employed to investigate the interaction between bottom-up and top-down attentional processing in autism. Furthermore, stimulus properties were manipulated to investigate whether these factors interact. Two experiments showed that while children with autism showed typical attentional modulation of static colour stimuli, they did not modulate attentional capture by dynamic onset distractors. There were two potential explanations for this finding: first, that children with autism show selective impairments in modulating the attentional processing of dynamic stimuli; second, that children with autism find dynamic stimuli less salient. In a further experiment, it was demonstrated that children with autism were able to modulate attentional capture of motion to the same degree as typical children, indicating that an abnormality in processing onsets in autism does not generalise to all dynamic stimuli. Thus, it was conjectured that abnormalities might be specific to those stimuli that are processed primarily by the magnocellular visual pathway. This was supported by the results of a psychophysical study that demonstrated that whilst children with autism showed typical parvocellular processing, they showed an impairment in magnocellular processing. It is concluded that a deficit in magnocellular processing could provide a powerful explanation of some of the attentional and perceptual abnormalities previously reported in the literature, and even have an adverse impact on some higher-level abnormalities.
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Cederäng, Jesper, and Peter Bingman. "Born Globals : Underlying Factors to Rapid Internationalization." Thesis, Uppsala University, Department of Business Studies, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-8781.

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Abstract

The process of internationalization of firms has in the past been seen as something that is costly and time-consuming. For those reasons, companies took long before they started expanding internationally, growing strong in domestic markets first. However, now there are companies being started, that right from the outset start producing and selling on international markets. Companies that behave this way are a rather new phenomenon and are known as Born Globals.

The purpose of our thesis was to increase the understanding of factors that are important for explaining Born Globals rapid internationalization, and also how these factors have affected the process.

Most of the research done on Born Globals has been of high-tech companies. However, the phenomenon is not limited to them. Therefore we researched one high-tech company and one low-tech to see if there are similarities in the driving forces behind their rapid internationalization.

Four factors have been addressed repeatedly when trying to explain Born Global’s behavior: Globalization, Industry, Entrepreneur and Networks. These factors were used as a theoretical framework for our thesis. However, our findings point out that to gain a deeper understanding, the interdependent relationship between the variables should also be taken into consideration.

After gathering empirical data through interviews with key people in each company, our findings point out that access to complimentary resources and a possibility to control them efficiently was important in explaining both companies rapid internationalization. By focusing on the core competencies of the company and outsourcing other value-adding functions, companies are able to internationalize rapidly even with scarce resources. Access to resources through networks, as well as entrepreneurial ambition helped speed up this process.

Keywords: Born Globals, Rapid Internationalization

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Marget, Nancy. "The psychosocial factors underlying adolescent problem gambling." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape3/PQDD_0032/MQ64171.pdf.

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Espadinha, de Oliveira e. Costa Diana. "Exploring the factors underlying Staphylococcus epidermidis’ pathogenicity." Doctoral thesis, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10362/97127.

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"Staphylococcus epidermidis is the major colonizer of the human skin and also an important opportunistic pathogen, having been increasingly recognized over the last decades as a major cause of nosocomial infections associated to medical indwelling devices, including central line associated bloodstream infections and surgical-site infections. The success of S. epidermidis in the hospital environment has been frequently associated to their remarkable capacity to accumulate resistance to several antimicrobial classes and also to the ability of forming biofilms on the surface of the medical devices. Additionally, the carriage of genetic markers such as mecA, IS256 and icaA has also been frequently associated to nosocomial S. epidermidis."
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Neighbors, Charlene. "Implications and factors underlying hostility toward women." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 1992. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/517.

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Hagman, Jens. "Philanthropy Contributions : A study of the underlying factors." Thesis, Jönköping University, JIBS, Economics, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-11947.

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Westacott, Mark Conway. "An investigation of psychological factors underlying auditory hallucinations." Thesis, University of East Anglia, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.296872.

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Shalev, Nir. "Methodological considerations and cognitive factors underlying sustained attention." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2017. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:883547ed-49a9-420f-830c-88585bebaaf5.

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The active, ongoing maintenance of an adequate level of performance over time on task is an essential cognitive faculty, and has been described in multiple frameworks since the earliest days of cognitive research. Theoretical accounts of performance maintenance focused on the timely fluctuations of attention components, using the partially overlapping constructs of sustained attention, arousal, vigilance and alertness. In this thesis, particular attention is given to sustained attention, arguably the most useful and frequently used construct in a clinical context. Chapter 1 provides an introductory overview of the literature, focusing on the theories and paradigms available to assess sustained attention and other closely related constructs. Chapter 2 introduces a new task for assessing sustained attention, based on a variation of the Continuous Performance Task (CPT), and discusses the contribution of various task factors to performance patterns. In Chapter 3, the newly established paradigm is used to assess sustained attention among stroke survivors and the healthy ageing, and relate task-performance to subjective reports of daily lapses in attention. A detailed discussion is devoted to identifying the task indices that best represent sustained attention capacity, favouring measures incorporating the notion of change in performance over time. Chapter 4 applies the same approach of estimating change in performance over time to studying sustained attention among children with genetic developmental disorders. Chapters 5 and 6 show how performance in a CPT is influenced by the pace at which stimuli are presented in the task. It is argued that individuals are sensitive to varying levels of temporal regularities; consequently, when measuring sustained attention, researchers must account for the rhythmic pattern that the CPT may introduce. Chapter 7 will present an intervention study combining brain stimulation and a spatially-lateralised CPT paradigm, demonstrating changes in components of Selective Attention as defined by a computational model. The thesis is concluded in Chapter 8, which discusses the contributions of the experimental findings to the understanding of sustained attention and associated experimental methods. The thesis proposes a clear mapping of sustained attention with relation to other closely related constructs, and attempts to provide useful tools for improving clinical assessment.
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Jones, David M. "Intracellular signaling underlying neurite growth in adult sensory neurons /." Internet access available to MUN users only, 2003. http://collections.mun.ca/u?/theses,161574.

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Books on the topic "The underlying factors"

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Hunter, B. H. Factors underlying indigenous arrest rates. Sydney, N.S.W: New South Wales Bureau of Crime Statistics and Research, 2001.

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Castillejo, Juan Antonio Mañez. Own brand products: Factors underlying the brand premium. [s.l.]: typescript, 1995.

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Abiad, Abdul. Underlying factors driving fiscal effort in emerging market economies. [Washington, D.C.]: International Monetary Fund, Fiscal affairs dept., 2005.

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Looney, Robert E. Economic policymaking in Mexico: Factors underlying the 1982 crisis. Durham, N.C: Duke University Press, 1985.

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Tirre, William C. Knowledge and ability factors underlying simple learning by accretion. Brooks Air Force Base, Tex: Air Force Human Resources Laboratory, Air Force Systems Command, 1989.

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Yang, Stringner Sue, and Huber R. Warner, eds. The Underlying Molecular, Cellular and Immunological Factors in Cancer and Aging. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-2926-2.

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Tiamiyu, Mutawakilu Adisa. Factors underlying the use of information sources in government institutions in Nigeria. Ottawa: National Library of Canada, 1990.

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Samita, Zacharia Wanakacha. Christian crusades in Nairobi: An analysis of socio-religious factors underlying their upsurge. Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: Organization for Social Science Research in Eastern and Southern Africa, 1998.

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Levine, Gavrielle. Sex differences in cognitive and motivational factors underlying children's and adolescents' mathematics performance. Washington, D.C: Educational Resources Information Center, 1992.

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Wren, Colin. Factors underlying the take-up and effectiveness of the revised Regional Development Grant Scheme. Reading: University of Reading. Department of Economics, 1989.

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Book chapters on the topic "The underlying factors"

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Gordy, Michael. "Underlying Risk Factors." In Disaster Risk Reduction and the Global System, 5–12. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-41667-0_2.

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Zhu, Di. "Life Satisfaction and Underlying Factors." In Research Series on the Chinese Dream and China’s Development Path, 105–38. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-7021-3_6.

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Ohki, Shinpei. "Physicochemical Factors Underlying Lipid Membrane Fusion." In Cell Fusion, 331–52. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-9598-1_15.

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Abreu, Maria Elizabeth, Paulo Tamaso Mioto, and Helenice Mercier. "Hormonal Interactions Underlying Plant Development under Drought." In Plant Hormones under Challenging Environmental Factors, 51–73. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-7758-2_3.

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Chalupa, Leo M. "Factors Underlying Loss of Retinal Ganglion Cells." In Cell Interactions in Visual Development, 69–86. New York, NY: Springer New York, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-3920-8_5.

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Maron, Eduard, Chen-Chia Lan, and David Nutt. "Genetic Factors Underlying Treatment Resistance in Psychiatry." In Treatment Resistance in Psychiatry, 33–63. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-4358-1_3.

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Fan, Lei. "Quality of Employment and the Underlying Factors." In Research Series on the Chinese Dream and China’s Development Path, 25–40. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-7021-3_2.

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Rahim, Masouda, Alison V. September, and Malcolm Collins. "Systems Genetic Factors Underlying Soft Tissue Injury." In Routledge Handbook of Sport and Exercise Systems Genetics, 402–15. Abingdon, Oxon ; New York, NY : Routledge, 2019.: Routledge, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315146287-34.

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Ohki, Shinpei. "Physico-Chemical Factors Underlying Membrane Adhesion and Fusion." In Cell and Model Membrane Interactions, 267–83. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-3854-7_16.

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Jamieson, Donald G. "Studies of Possible Psychoacoustic Factors Underlying Speech Perception." In The Psychophysics of Speech Perception, 220–30. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-3629-4_17.

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Conference papers on the topic "The underlying factors"

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Oh, Hyun-Kyo, Taehee Lee, and Sang-Wook Kim. "Finding underlying factors for reciprocal trust formation." In the 2015 Conference. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/2811411.2811510.

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Weaver, Terri E., Greg Maislin, Inna Bleckman, Francis Pack, Hans Van Dongen, David Dinges, and Allan I. Pack. "Factors Underlying Individual Differential Sleepiness In OSA." In American Thoracic Society 2010 International Conference, May 14-19, 2010 • New Orleans. American Thoracic Society, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1164/ajrccm-conference.2010.181.1_meetingabstracts.a6538.

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Zhao, Xinxiong. "Factors Underlying Cooperation During Covid-19 Pandemic." In 2021 3rd International Conference on Economic Management and Cultural Industry (ICEMCI 2021). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/assehr.k.211209.522.

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Yao, Mingyin. "Examination of Underlying Factors in Success of TikTok." In 2021 International Conference on Enterprise Management and Economic Development (ICEMED 2021). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/aebmr.k.210601.051.

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Rahman, Shafin, and Neil D. B. Bruce. "Factors underlying inter-observer agreement in gaze patterns." In ETRA '16: 2016 Symposium on Eye Tracking Research and Applications. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/2857491.2857495.

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Groover, D. "52. Influencing Safety Culture From its Underlying Factors." In AIHce 2003. AIHA, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.3320/1.2757949.

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Davenport, Felicia, Fidel Amezcua, Mel S. Sabella, and Andrea G. Van Duzor. "Exploring the Underlying Factors in Learning Assistant - Faculty Partnerships." In 2017 Physics Education Research Conference. American Association of Physics Teachers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1119/perc.2017.pr.021.

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Zaki, Karim, Yan Li, Yunhui Tan, Ruiting Wu, and Peggy Rijken. "Productivity Decline: The Underlying Geomechanics and Contributing Damage Factors." In SPE Annual Technical Conference and Exhibition. Society of Petroleum Engineers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/196223-ms.

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Lin, Li, Jingyu Zhang, Liang Zhang, Jianqin Cao, Jifang Wang, Xiaojun Luo, and Ya Wang. "Motive Structure Underlying the Use of Intelligent Connected Vehicles." In CHI '20: CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3334480.3382915.

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Jang, Jincheul, Dapeng Zhao, Woneui Hong, Youkyoung Park, and Mun Yong Yi. "Uncovering the Underlying Factors of Smart TV UX over Time." In TVX'16: ACM International Conference on Interactive Experiences for TV and Online Video. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/2932206.2932207.

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Reports on the topic "The underlying factors"

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Arzaghi, Mohammad, Ernst Berndt, James Davis, and Alvin Silk. Economic Factors Underlying the Unbundling of Advertising Agency Services. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, September 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w14345.

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Isinika, Aida, Gilead Mlay, Ntengua Mdoe, Gideon Boniface, Christopher Magomba, and Devotha Kilave. Rice Commercialisation Effects in Mngeta, Kilombero District, Tanzania: Identifying the Underlying Factors. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), September 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/apra.2021.022.

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Rice production is the most dominant farming system in Kilombero valley in Morogoro region, Tanzania, accounting for more than 80 per cent of cultivated land within the valley. This paper examines changes in rice commercialisation and livelihood outcomes for different categories of farmers in the Mngeta division, Kilombero District, Tanzania. Understanding the underlying factors of agricultural commercialisation enables policymakers to ensure that policy interventions promote inclusive and equitable involvement of all farmers and other value chain actors, especially women and youths, who have been excluded from most development initiatives in the past.
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Al-Mosaind, Musaad. Cities and Automobile Dependence: An Empirical Examination of Density and Automobile Dependence Relationship and Their Underlying Factors. Portland State University Library, January 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.15760/etd.6559.

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Law, Edward, Samuel Gan-Mor, Hazel Wetzstein, and Dan Eisikowitch. Electrostatic Processes Underlying Natural and Mechanized Transfer of Pollen. United States Department of Agriculture, May 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1998.7613035.bard.

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The project objective was to more fully understand how the motion of pollen grains may be controlled by electrostatic forces, and to develop a reliable mechanized pollination system based upon sound electrostatic and aerodynamic principles. Theoretical and experimental analyses and computer simulation methods which investigated electrostatic aspects of natural pollen transfer by insects found that: a) actively flying honeybees accumulate ~ 23 pC average charge (93 pC max.) which elevates their bodies to ~ 47 V likely by triboelectrification, inducing ~ 10 fC of opposite charge onto nearby pollen grains, and overcoming their typically 0.3-3.9 nN detachment force resulting in non-contact electrostatic pollen transfer across a 5 mm or greater air gap from anther-to-bee, thus providing a theoretical basis for earlier experimental observations and "buzz pollination" events; b) charge-relaxation characteristics measured for flower structural components (viz., 3 ns and 25 ns time constants, respectively, for the stigma-style vs. waxy petal surfaces) ensure them to be electrically appropriate targets for electrodeposition of charged pollen grains but not differing sufficiently to facilitate electrodynamic focusing onto the stigma; c) conventional electrostatic focusing beneficially concentrates pollen-deposition electric fields onto the pistill tip by 3-fold as compared to that onto underlying flower structures; and d) pollen viability is adequately maintained following exposure to particulate charging/management fields exceeding 2 MV/m. Laboratory- and field-scale processes/prototype machines for electrostatic application of pollen were successfully developed to dispense pollen in both a dry-powder phase and in a liquid-carried phase utilizing corona, triboelectric, and induction particulate-charging methods; pollen-charge levels attained (~ 1-10 mC/kg) provide pollen-deposition forces 10-, 77-, and 100-fold greater than gravity, respectively, for such charged pollen grains subjected to a 1 kV/cm electric field. Lab and field evaluations have documented charged vs. ukncharged pollen deposition to be significantly (a = 0.01-0.05) increased by 3.9-5.6 times. Orchard trials showed initial fruit set on branches individually treated with electrostatically applied pollen to typically increase up to ~ 2-fold vs. uncharged pollen applications; however, whole-tree applications have not significantly shown similar levels of benefit and corrective measures continue. Project results thus contribute important basic knowledge and applied electrostatics technology which will provide agriculture with alternative/supplemental mechanized pollination systems as tranditional pollen-transfer vectors are further endangered by natural and man-fade factors.
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Hilbrecht, Margo, David Baxter, Alexander V. Graham, and Maha Sohail. Research Expertise and the Framework of Harms: Social Network Analysis, Phase One. GREO, December 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.33684/2020.006.

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In 2019, the Gambling Commission announced a National Strategy to Reduce Gambling Harms. Underlying the strategy is the Framework of Harms, outlined in Measuring gambling-related harms: A framework for action. "The Framework" adopts a public health approach to address gambling-related harm in Great Britain across multiple levels of measurement. It comprises three primary factors and nine related subfactors. To advance the National Strategy, all componentsneed to be supported by a strong evidence base. This report examines existing research expertise relevant to the Framework amongacademics based in the UK. The aim is to understand the extent to which the Framework factors and subfactors have been studied in order to identify gaps in expertise and provide evidence for decision making thatisrelevant to gambling harms research priorities. A social network analysis identified coauthor networks and alignment of research output with the Framework. The search strategy was limited to peer-reviewed items and covered the 12-year period from 2008 to 2019. Articles were selected using a Web of Science search. Of the 1417 records identified in the search, the dataset was refined to include only those articles that could be assigned to at least one Framework factor (n = 279). The primary factors and subfactors are: Resources:Work and Employment, Money and Debt, Crime;Relationships:Partners, Families and Friends, Community; and Health:Physical Health, Psychological Distress, and Mental Health. We used Gephi software to create visualisations reflecting degree centrality (number of coauthor networks) so that each factor and subfactor could be assessed for the density of research expertise and patterns of collaboration among coauthors. The findings show considerable variation by framework factor in the number of authors and collaborations, suggesting a need to develop additional research capacity to address under-researched areas. The Health factor subcategory of Mental Health comprised almost three-quarters of all citations, with the Resources factor subcategory of Money and Debt a distant second at 12% of all articles. The Relationships factor, comprised of two subfactors, accounted for less than 10%of total articles. Network density varied too. Although there were few collaborative networks in subfactors such as Community or Work and Employment, all Health subfactors showed strong levels of collaboration. Further, some subfactors with a limited number of researchers such as Partners, Families, and Friends and Money and debt had several active collaborations. Some researchers’ had publications that spanned multiple Framework factors. These multiple-factor researchers usually had a wide range of coauthors when compared to those who specialised (with the exception of Mental Health).Others’ collaborations spanned subfactors within a factor area. This was especially notable forHealth. The visualisations suggest that gambling harms research expertise in the UK has considerable room to grow in order to supporta more comprehensive, locally contextualised evidence base for the Framework. To do so, priority harms and funding opportunities will need further consideration. This will require multi-sector and multidisciplinary collaboration consistent with the public health approach underlying the Framework. Future research related to the present analysis will explore the geographic distribution of research activity within the UK, and research collaborations with harms experts internationally.
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Carter, Becky. Gender Inequalities in the Eastern Neighbourhood Region. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), March 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/k4d.2021.062.

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This rapid review examines evidence on the structural causes and drivers of gender inequalities in the Eastern Neighbourhood region and how these gender inequalities contribute to instability in the region. While the Eastern Neighbourhood region performs relatively well on gender equality compared with the rest of the world, women and girls continue to face systemic political and economic marginalisation and are vulnerable to gender-based violence. Research on Armenia, Azerbaijan, Georgia, and Moldova identifies the key underlying cause to be a set of traditional patriarchal gender norms, intersecting with conservative religious identities and harmful customary practices. These norms do not operate in isolation: the literature highlights that gender inequalities are caused by the interplay of multiple factors (with women’s unequal economic resources having a critical effect), while overlapping disadvantages affect lived experiences of inequalities. Other key factors are the region’s protracted conflicts; legal reform gaps and implementation challenges; socio-economic factors (including the impact of COVID-19); and governance trends (systemic corruption, growing conservatism, and negative narratives influenced by regional geopolitics). Together these limit women and girls’ empowerment; men and boys are also affected negatively in different ways, while LGBT+ people have become a particular target for societal discrimination in the region. Global evidence – showing that more gender unequal societies correlate with increased instability – provides a frame of reference for the region’s persistent gender inequalities.
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7

Paterson, Andrew H., Yehoshua Saranga, and Dan Yakir. Improving Productivity of Cotton (Gossypsum spp.) in Arid Region Agriculture: An Integrated Physiological/Genetic Approach. United States Department of Agriculture, December 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1999.7573066.bard.

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Objectives: We seek to establish the basis for improving cotton productivity under arid conditions, by studying the water use efficiency - evaporative cooling interrelationship. Specifically, we will test the hypothesis that cotton productivity under arid conditions can be improved by combining high seasonal WUE with efficient evaporative cooling, evaluate whether high WUE and/or evaporative cooling are based on specific physiological factors such as diurnal flexibility in stomatal conductance, stomatal density, photosynthetic capacity, chlorophyll fluorescence, and plant water status. Genes influencing both WUE and evaporative cooling, as well as other parameters such as economic products (lint yield, quality, harvest index) of cotton will also be mapped, in order to evaluate influences of water relations on these parameters. Approach: Carbon isotope ratio will be used to evaluate WUE, accompanied by additional parameters to elucidate the relationship between WUE, evaporative cooling, and cotton productivity. A detailed RFLP map will be used to determine the number, location, and phenotypic effects of genes underlying genetic variation in WUE between cultivated cottons, as well as test associations of these genes with traits of economic importance such as harvest index, lint yield, and lint quality. Major Conclusions: Productivity and quality of cotton grown under well-watered versus water-limited conditions was shown to be partly accounted for by different quantitative trait loci (QTLs). Among a suite of physiological traits often found to differ between genotypes adapted to arid versus well-watered conditions, genetic mapping implicated only reduced plant osmotic potential in improved cotton productivity under arid conditions. Our findings clearly implicate OP as a major component of cotton adaptation to arid conditions. However, testing of further physiological hypotheses is clearly needed to account for additional QTL alleles conferring higher seed-cotton yield under arid conditions, such as three of the five we found. Near-isogenic lines being made for QTLs discovered herein will offer a powerful new tool useful toward identification of the underlying gene(s) by using fine-scale mapping approaches (Paterson et al 1990). Implications: Adaptation to both arid and favorable conditions can be combined into the same genotype. We have identified diagnostic DNA markers that are being applied to creation of such desirable genotypes. Simultaneous improvement of productivity (and/or quality) for both arid and irrigated conditions will require more extensive field testing and the manipulation of larger numbers of genes, reducing the expected rate of genetic gain These difficulties may be at least partly ameliorated by efficiencies gained through identification and use of diagnostic DNA markers. Genomic tools and approaches may expedite adaptation of crops to arid cultivation, help to test roles of additional physiological factors, and guide the isolation of the underlying genes that protect crop performance under arid conditions.
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Rao, Krishna D., Andrés I. Vecino Ortiz, Tim Roberton, Angélica Lopez Hernandez, and Caitlin Noonan. Open configuration options Future Health Spending in Latin America and the Caribbean: Health Expenditure Projections & Scenario Analysis. Inter-American Development Bank, April 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0004185.

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Latin American and Caribbean countries will face significant increases in future health expenditures. A variety of factors are responsible - population growth and aging, the epidemiological transition to noncommunicable diseases (NCDs), and economic growth and technology, among others. Increasing health expenditures are particularly concerning to countries in Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC) given growing levels of debt, insufficient fiscal revenues, and high out-of-pocket payments. The projected average annual per capita CHE growth rate from 2018-2050 is slightly higher in Latin American countries (3.2%) than in the Caribbean (2.4%). The share of health expenditure in GDP is projected to increase to 2030 in all LAC countries except for Guyana. The effect of demographics and epidemiology on health spending growth are more modest. Among strategies to control NCD risk factors, a focus on hypertension control generally had the strongest effect on restraining CHE growth except in countries where smoking is particularly prevalent. The main driver of health expenditure growth is economic growth and technology, demonstrating the importance of adopting policies such as explicit prioritization systems and benefit plans that establish common rules for payers and providers that encourage cost-effective decisions. The underlying model for making projections and analyzing alternative scenarios is publicly available.
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Crespi, Gustavo, Charlotte Guillard, Mónica Salazar, and Fernando Vargas. Harmonized Latin American Innovation Surveys Database (LAIS): Firm-Level Microdata for the Study of Innovation. Inter-American Development Bank, March 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0004040.

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To create and promote comprehensive regional innovation policy, it is important to have valid, comparable, and standardized innovation survey data from different countries in Latin America. The Harmonized Latin American Innovation Surveys Database (LAIS) contains nearly 690 variables and 119,900 observations at the firm level. Data are from 30 national innovation surveys conducted between 2007 and 2017 in 10 Latin American countries. The dataset increases the number of countries of the region with publicly available microdata about innovation at the firm level. The corresponding IDB technical note describes how criteria were applied to identify and select variables, whose data measure the same underlying concept, from substantially diverse innovation survey methods and questionnaires used in different Latin American countries. The availability of these data will allow more scholars to research innovation in Latin American firms and address long-standing unanswered questions about the relative importance a variety of factors driving innovation decisions in Latin American firms.
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Storm, Servaas. Inflation in the Time of Corona and War. Institute for New Economic Thinking Working Paper Series, May 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.36687/inetwp185.

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Reliance on established macroeconomic thinking is not of much use in trying to understand what to do in response to the constellation of forces driving up inflation in these times of COVID-19 and war. This paper attempts to reduce the heat and turn up the light in the debate on the return of high inflation and looming stagflation—by providing evidence-based answers to the main (policy) questions concerning the return of high inflation: is the increased inflation due to (global) supply and/or demand factors? Is the inflation in the US exceptional or are other OECD and emerging economies experiencing similar inflationary pressures? Is the increase in inflation permanent or transitory? Can the Fed safely bring down inflation? Is fiscal policy the underlying cause of inflation? Are there alternative, less socially costly, ways to bring inflation down? And what will happen to inflation in the longer run, when the US and other economies will face the impacts of global warming?
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