Relevant bibliographies by topics / The Tree of Man

Contents

  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'The Tree of Man'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 19 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "The Tree of Man"

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Dash, Manjubala. "Tree man Syndrome." Madridge Journal of Internal and Emergency Medicine 2, no. 2 (August 27, 2018): 78–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.18689/mjiem-1000117.

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Abramova, Elena, Elena Pavlycheva, Olga Tarasova, and Lubov’ Tsilenko. "Man-tree metaphor in British linguoculture." E3S Web of Conferences 284 (2021): 08009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202128408009.

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The tree has long been incorporated into human culture and is interpreted as compatible with a human being as a result of the man’ cognizing the world. Thus, the tree (and its elements) is used as a source of metaphor for describing all the spheres and domains of human activity. The prerequisites for the man-tree metaphor are the qualities of man and tree which can be matched: the physical configuration of the tree and the human body, which is vertically directed; local relations between trees and human relations; the visual image of the tree and the family tree concept. The cultural concept of the tree is implicit in personal names and idioms as lexical units. It manifests itself in the context of folklore texts (rhymes, ballads, verbalized superstitions, incantations, riddles) and classical works of fiction. The man-tree metaphor reflects the ancient ideas about man-tree kinship and man-tree isomorphism. The metaphorical transfer is reciprocal: the man can be endowed with the qualities of the tree, the tree can be endowed with the qualities of the man. The man-tree / tree-man metaphor is based both on the generic concept of the tree and its elements and on the concept of individual trees. The man-tree metaphors are verbalized through nouns (functions and status), verbs (activities), adjectives (qualities).
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Huu Thinh, George Evans, and Qui Duc Nguyen. "from The Time Tree." Manoa 14, no. 1 (2002): 91–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/man.2002.0009.

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Lowitz, Leza. "Grass and Tree Cairn (review)." Manoa 15, no. 2 (2003): 205–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/man.2003.0135.

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Parker, Alan Michael. "In the Next Life, a Tree." Manoa 31, no. 1 (2019): 86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/man.2019.0051.

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Pau-Llosa, Ricardo. "Immigrant Parable: Hong Kong Orchid Tree, Arguments." Manoa 15, no. 1 (2003): 152–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/man.2003.0107.

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Coalson, Bob. "The Fable: “The Traveling Man and the Man Beneath the Tree”." Psychological Perspectives 54, no. 3 (July 2011): 345–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00332925.2011.597259.

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Horsfield, K., W. I. Gordon, W. Kemp, and S. Phillips. "Growth of the bronchial tree in man." Thorax 42, no. 5 (May 1, 1987): 383–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/thx.42.5.383.

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Beck, J. M. "Growth of the bronchial tree in man." Journal of Pediatric Surgery 23, no. 9 (September 1988): 874. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0022-3468(88)80266-5.

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Lim, Jo Anne, Zulrusydi Ismail, Che Noraini Ibrahim, Soon Eu Chong, and Wan Noor Hasbee Wan Abdullah. "A misdiagnosed infection mimicking “tree man disease”." PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases 11, no. 6 (June 15, 2017): e0005543. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0005543.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "The Tree of Man"

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Van, Niekerk Timothy. "Transcendence in Patrick White: the imagery of the Tree of Man and Voss." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1004269.

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This study represents an exploration of White's concept of transcendence in The Tree of Man and Voss by means of a detailed account of some of the key patterns of imagery deployed in these novels. White's imagery is a key mode of expression in his work, not simply manifesting in overarching religious symbols and framing structures but figuring in constantly modulated tropes continuous with the narrative, as well as in minor, but no less significant images occasionally susceptible to etymological or onomastic reading. While no attempt is made to provide an exhaustive exploration of the tropes at work in these novels, a sufficient range of material is covered, and its metaphoric density adequately penetrated, to highlight and explore a fundamental concern in White's work with a paradoxical unity underlying the dualities inherent in temporal existence. A useful way of approaching his fiction is to view the perpetual modulations of his imagery as the dramatisation of an enantiodromia or play of opposites, in which the conflicts of duality are elaborated and paradoxically - though typically only momentarily - resolved. This resolution or coincidence of opposites is a significant feature of his notion of transcendence as well as his depictions of illuminatory experience, and in this respect White's metaphysics share an essential characteristic, not only of Christianity, but a range of religious and mythological systems concerned with expressing a transcendent reality. Despite these analogies, however, the novels at hand are not so tightly bound to Christian, or any other, meaning-making systems so as to constitute sustained allegories, and hence this study does not aim to chart a series of correspondences between White's images and biblical or mythological symbols. Indeed, a criticism often levelled at White - with The Tree of Man and Voss typically figuring in support of this claim - is that he too rigidly imposes religious frameworks on his work. An extension of this view is formulated in the Jungian critique of White's corpus offered by David Tacey, who argues that White's conception of transcendence is consistently challenged by the archetypal significance of the images he employs, which point to a contrary process of psycho-spiritual regression in his protagonists. In a fundamentally text-based approach, this study explores White's use of imagery while taking biblical resonances and archetypal interpretations into account, and suggests that, though White's images are highly allusive, they are not merely agents of imported Christian, or other traditional symbolic values. Nor do they undermine the authenticity of his depiction of the spirituality of his protagonists, or obtrude on the fabric of the narrative. Instead, the range of his images are - though often ambivalent - integral to a network of mercurial tropes which articulate and constantly evaluate a notion of transcendence through inflections and oscillations rather than equations of meaning.
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Witte, Brendon R. "The danielic "Son of Man" in second temple Jewish apocalyptic literature an appraisal of the designation in 4Q246, the similitudes of Enoch, and fourth Ezra /." Deerfield, IL : Trinity Evangelical Divinity School, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.2986/tren.006-1622.

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Buchele, Suzanne Fox. "Three-dimensional binary space partitioning tree and constructive solid geometry tree construction from algebraic boundary representations /." Digital version accessible at:, 1999. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/utexas/main.

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Läänelaid, Alar. "Tree-ring dating in Estonia." Helsinki : University of Helsinki, 2002. http://ethesis.helsinki.fi/julkaisut/mat/geolo/vk/laanelaid/.

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Wilson, Stephen J. "The communal nature of man in the image of God." La Mirada, CA : Talbot School of Theology, Biola University, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.2986/tren.042-0155.

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Morehead, John W. "Burning Man Festival as life-enhancing, post-Christendom 'middle way'." Theological Research Exchange Network (TREN), access this title online, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.2986/tren.112-0001.

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Axelsson, Mattis, and Sara Larsson. "Utvecklande AI : En studie i hur man skapar ett system för lärande AI." Thesis, Blekinge Tekniska Högskola, Sektionen för planering och mediedesign, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:bth-4587.

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AI är något som blir allt viktigare inom dagens spel och får allt högre krav på att agera mänskligt och intelligent. Detta kandidatarbete undersöker vilken metod som är att föredra för att skapa en AI som kan lära sig av sina tidigare erfarenheter. Några av de metoder som undersöks är trädstrukturer, Artificial Neural Network och GoCap. Genom att skapa en applikation med en av metoderna samt göra en undersökning på hur AI:n i applikationen upplevdes fick vi resultat om denna metod var användbar. Utifrån detta diskuteras det ifall andra metoder hade varit mer effektiva, hur man hade kunnat förbättra AI:n samt hur framtiden för spel-AI skulle kunna se ut.
AI is something that has become more important in today’s games and gets higher pressure to act human and intelligent. This thesis examines which methods are preferred when creating an AI that can learn from its previous experiences. Some of the methods that are examined are tree structures, Artificial Neural Network and GoCap. By creating an application with one of the methods and a survey of how the AI in the application was perceived we got a result that showed us if the method was functional. From this we discuss if the other methods would have been more effective, how we could have improved the AI and what the future for game-AI holds.
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Gråd, Martin. "Improving Conventional Image-based 3D Reconstruction of Man-made Environments Through Line Cloud Integration." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Medie- och Informationsteknik, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-148452.

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Image-based 3D reconstruction refers to the capture and virtual reconstruction of real scenes, through the use of ordinary camera sensors. A common approach is the use of the algorithms Structure from Motion, Multi-view Stereo and Poisson Surface Reconstruction, that fares well for many types of scenes. However, a problem that this pipeline suffers from is that it often falters when it comes to texture-less surfaces and areas, such as those found in man-made environments. Building facades, roads and walls often lack detail and easily trackable feature points, making this approach less than ideal for such scenes. To remedy this weakness, this thesis investigates an expanded approach, incorporating line segment detection and line cloud generation into the already existing point cloud-based pipeline. Texture-less objects such as building facades, windows and roofs are well-suited for line segment detection, and line clouds are fitting for encoding 3D positional data in scenes consisting mostly of objects featuring many straight lines. A number of approaches have been explored in order to determine the usefulness of line clouds in this context, each of them addressing different aspects of the reconstruction procedure.
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Xu, Wei. "Subdivision tree based multiresolution representation of arbitrary triangle meshes /." Digital version accessible at:, 2000. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/utexas/main.

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Wikman, Emma. "Det är hit man kommer när man kommer hem : Hur tre hälsingekommuner i sina översiktsplaner behandlar återflyttning." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Kulturgeografiska institutionen, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-354880.

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Avfolkning är ett problem för många landsbygdskommuner och de försöker mer eller mindre aktivt göra något åt det. I den här uppsatsen har en textanalys gjorts av tre hälsingekommuners översiktsplaner med syfte att undersöka vad kommunerna gör för att främja återflyttning för att minska avfolkningen. De tre kommunerna som valts ut är Bollnäs, Ovanåker och Söderhamn, kommunerna har en historik av att samarbeta med varandra inom olika områden och tillhör samma arbetsmarknadsregion, men de har olika förutsättningar när det gäller pendling och bostäder. Kommunernas översiktsplaner delades upp i fyra teman, 1 boende, 2 service, 3 arbete och utbildning samt 4 infrastruktur och kommunikation. Dessa fyra teman användes sedan som utgångspunkt för analysen av översiktsplanerna och för att se om kommunerna ser återflyttning som ett alternativ för att lösa problemet med avfolkning. Kommunerna hade likartade lösningar på problemet. Alla kommunerna vill använda sin vackra miljö för att locka människor att flytta till dem och kommunerna vill förbättra pendlingsmöjligheterna för att göra det möjligt för fler människor att bo i kommunerna. Men ingen av kommunerna presenterar någon strategi för att främja återflyttning.
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Books on the topic "The Tree of Man"

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ill, Ponte Douglas J., ed. Tree man. Atlanta: Peachtree Publishers, 1993.

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Nine man tree. New York: Random House, 1998.

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The tree of man. London: Penguin, 1991.

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Knight, Damon. The man in the tree. London: Gollancz, 1985.

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Stone, Ken. A man holds a tree. Albion: Pygmy Forest Press, 1989.

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Knight, Damon. The man in the tree. London: Gollancz, 1985.

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Binstock, R. C. Tree of heaven. New York: Soho, 1995.

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Ratzlaff, Keith. Man under a pear tree: Poems. Tallahassee, Fla: Anhinga Press, 1997.

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Lagercrantz, Sture. The dead man in the tree. Uppsala: Uppsala Universitet, Institutionen för allmän och jämförande etnografi, 1991.

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Pittendrigh, L. A man sat under a tree. Dartford: RPR, 1985.

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Book chapters on the topic "The Tree of Man"

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Gorawski, Marcin, Sławomir Bańkowski, and Michał Gorawski. "RBTAT: Red-Black Table Aggregate Tree." In Man-Machine Interactions, 605–13. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-00563-3_63.

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Walkowiak, Krzysztof, and Michał Woźniak. "Decision Tree Induction Methods for Distributed Environment." In Man-Machine Interactions, 201–8. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-00563-3_20.

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Gibson, Walter S. "Invented in Hell: Bosch’s Tree-Man." In Invention, 162–73. Turnhout: Brepols Publishers, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1484/m.mef-eb.3.830.

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Gaile, Andreas. "White, Patrick: The Tree of Man." In Kindlers Literatur Lexikon (KLL), 1–2. Stuttgart: J.B. Metzler, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-476-05728-0_17367-1.

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Aberbach, David. "‘Man is the tree of the field’." In The Environment and Literature of Moral Dilemmas, 81–85. London: Routledge, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003169734-9.

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Khan, Ruqayya Yasmine. "A lost “Bedouin Arcadia” 1 – the tree man and the Umayyad tax man." In Bedouin and ‘Abbāsid Cultural Identities, 108–28. 1. | New York : Routledge, 2019. | Series: Culture and civilization in the Middle East: Routledge, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780429319617-6.

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Dueck, Gunter. "Citizen, Go West, Blue Helmet, Star Trek." In E-Man, 9–20. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-97905-7_2.

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Dueck, Gunter. "Citizen, Go West, Blue Helmet, Star Trek." In E-Man, 9–20. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-56102-3_2.

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Dueck, Gunter. "Citizen, Go West, Blue Helmet, Star Trek." In E-Man, 7–16. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-34974-4_2.

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Martyna, Jerzy. "Decision Trees Constructing over Multiple Data Streams." In Man-Machine Interactions, 191–99. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-00563-3_19.

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Conference papers on the topic "The Tree of Man"

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Ikehata, Nozomu, and Takeshi Ito. "Monte-Carlo tree search in Ms. Pac-Man." In 2011 IEEE Conference on Computational Intelligence and Games (CIG). IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/cig.2011.6031987.

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Korani, Wael, Malek Mouhoub, and Raymond J. Spiteri. "Mother Tree Optimization." In 2019 IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man and Cybernetics (SMC). IEEE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/smc.2019.8914049.

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Robles, David, and Simon M. Lucas. "A simple tree search method for playing Ms. Pac-Man." In 2009 IEEE Symposium on Computational Intelligence and Games (CIG). IEEE, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/cig.2009.5286469.

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Pepels, Tom, and Mark H. M. Winands. "Enhancements for Monte-Carlo Tree Search in Ms Pac-Man." In 2012 IEEE Conference on Computational Intelligence and Games (CIG 2012). IEEE, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/cig.2012.6374165.

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Grinan, David, Alfredo Ibias, and Manuel Nunez. "Grammar-based Tree Swarm Optimization." In 2019 IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man and Cybernetics (SMC). IEEE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/smc.2019.8914268.

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Aktan, Ahmet, Burak Akkaya, Suat S. Şanlı, and Uğur Kemiklioğlu. "Design and Production of Man Powered Olive Harvest Machine." In International Students Science Congress. Izmir International Guest Student Association, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.52460/issc.2021.038.

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Today, agricultural sector develops in many areas. So, we have decided to make a project that can bring facileness by using the developing technology. We aimed to harvest the olives easily to work in these agricultural areas with a mechanical machine. We knew that there are many olive trees in our country and that people spend a lot of time collecting olives in these trees and they work costly. Therefore, we decided to design a machine that would also protect the environment by reducing the cost that would lead to saving. We met with many people and companies who went to the machine production industry and made studies in this field. Based on this information, we have decided to make a mechanism that works with shaking tree branch thanks to the gear system. As a result of our work, we think that this mechanism will be operated in a healthy manner and ready for production. The mechanism requires 159.2 N.m of torque, 1620 N force and 1 ~1.7 kW of manpower.
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Hong, Tzung-Pei, Jun-Wei Lin, and Yu-Lung Wu. "A Fast Updated Frequent Pattern Tree." In 2006 IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man and Cybernetics. IEEE, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icsmc.2006.385182.

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Huo, Jianbing, Xizhao Wang, Mingzhu Lu, and Junfen Chen. "Induction of Multi-stage decision tree." In 2006 IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man and Cybernetics. IEEE, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icsmc.2006.384492.

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Snasel, Vaclav, Zdenek Horak, Milos Kudelka, and Ajith Abraham. "Fuzzy signatures organized using S-Tree." In 2011 IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man and Cybernetics - SMC. IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icsmc.2011.6083782.

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Lv, Honghong, Shengkui Zeng, Jianbin Guo, and Guo Zhou. "An improved man-machine system Incident Tree model considering incident dependence." In 2017 Second International Conference on Reliability Systems Engineering (ICRSE). IEEE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icrse.2017.8030743.

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Reports on the topic "The Tree of Man"

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Rajarajan, Kunasekaran, Alka Bharati, Hirdayesh Anuragi, Arun Kumar Handa, Kishor Gaikwad, Nagendra Kumar Singh, Kamal Prasad Mohapatra, et al. Status of perennial tree germplasm resources in India and their utilization in the context of global genome sequencing efforts. World Agroforestry, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5716/wp20050.pdf.

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Tree species are characterized by their perennial growth habit, woody morphology, long juvenile period phase, mostly outcrossing behaviour, highly heterozygosity genetic makeup, and relatively high genetic diversity. The economically important trees have been an integral part of the human life system due to their provision of timber, fruit, fodder, and medicinal and/or health benefits. Despite its widespread application in agriculture, industrial and medicinal values, the molecular aspects of key economic traits of many tree species remain largely unexplored. Over the past two decades, research on forest tree genomics has generally lagged behind that of other agronomic crops. Genomic research on trees is motivated by the need to support genetic improvement programmes mostly for food trees and timber, and develop diagnostic tools to assist in recommendation for optimum conservation, restoration and management of natural populations. Research on long-lived woody perennials is extending our molecular knowledge and understanding of complex life histories and adaptations to the environment, enriching a field that has traditionally drawn its biological inference from a few short-lived herbaceous species. These concerns have fostered research aimed at deciphering the genomic basis of complex traits that are related to the adaptive value of trees. This review summarizes the highlights of tree genomics and offers some priorities for accelerating progress in the next decade.
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Prenger, R., B. Chen, T. Marlatt, and D. Merl. Fast MAP Search for Compact Additive Tree Ensembles (CATE). Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), March 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1078539.

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Kindt, Roeland, Ian K Dawson, Jens-Peter B Lillesø, Alice Muchugi, Fabio Pedercini, and James M Roshetko. The one hundred tree species prioritized for planting in the tropics and subtropics as indicated by database mining. World Agroforestry, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5716/wp21001.pdf.

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A systematic approach to tree planting and management globally is hindered by the limited synthesis of information sources on tree uses and species priorities. To help address this, the authors ‘mined’ information from 23 online global and regional databases to assemble a list of the most frequent tree species deemed useful for planting according to database mentions, with a focus on tropical regions. Using a simple vote count approach for ranking species, we obtained a shortlist of 100 trees mentioned in at least 10 of our data sources (the ‘top-100’ species). A longer list of 830 trees that were mentioned at least five times was also compiled. Our ‘top-100’ list indicated that the family Fabaceae (syn. Leguminosae) was most common. The information associated with our mined data sources indicated that the ‘top-100’ list consisted of a complementary group of species of differing uses. These included the following: for wood (mostly for timber) and fuel production, human nutrition, animal fodder supply, and environmental service provision (varied services). Of these uses, wood was most frequently specified, with fuel and food use also highly important. Many of the ‘top-100’ species were assigned multiple uses. The majority of the ‘top-100’ species had weediness characteristics according to ‘attribute’ invasiveness databases that were also reviewed, thereby demonstrating potential environmental concerns associated with tree planting that need to be balanced against environmental and livelihood benefits. Less than half of the ‘top-100’ species were included in the OECD Scheme for the Certification of Forest Reproductive Material, thus supporting a view that lack of germplasm access is a common concern for trees. A comparison of the ‘top-100’ species with regionally-defined tree inventories indicated their diverse continental origins, as would be anticipated from a global analysis. However, compared to baseline expectations, some geographic regions were better represented than others. Our analysis assists in priority-setting for research and serves as a guide to practical tree planting initiatives. We stress that this ‘top-100’ list does not necessarily represent tree priorities for the future, but provides a starting point for also addressing representation gaps. Indeed, our primary concern going forward is with the latter.
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Phuong, Vu Tan, Nguyen Van Truong, and Do Trong Hoan. Commune-level institutional arrangements and monitoring framework for integrated tree-based landscape management. World Agroforestry, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5716/wp21024.pdf.

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Governance is a difficult task in the context of achieving landscape multifunctionality owing to the multiplicity of stakeholders, institutions, scale and ecosystem services: the ‘many-multiple’ (Cockburn et al 2018). Governing and managing the physical landscape and the actors in the landscape requires intensive knowledge and good planning systems. Land-use planning is a powerful instrument in landscape governance because it directly guides how actors will intervene in the physical landscape (land use) to gain commonly desired value. It is essential for sustaining rural landscapes and improving the livelihoods of rural communities (Bourgoin and Castella 2011, Bourgoin et al 2012, Rydin 1998), ensuring landscape multifunctionality (Nelson et al 2009, Reyers et al 2012) and enhancing efficiency in carbon sequestration, in particular (Bourgoin et al 2013, Cathcart et al 2007). It is also considered critical to the successful implementation of land-based climate mitigation, such as under Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs), because the Land Use, Land-Use Change and Forestry (LULUCF) sector is included in the mitigation contributions of nearly 90 percent of countries in Sub-Saharan and Southern Asia countries and in the Latin American and Caribbean regions (FAO 2016). Viet Nam has been implementing its NDC, which includes forestry and land-based mitigation options under the LULUCF sector. The contribution of the sector to committed national emission reduction is significant and cost-effective compared with other sectors. In addition to achieving emission reduction targets, implementation of forestry and land-based mitigation options has the highest benefits for social-economic development and achieving the Sustainable Development Goals (MONRE 2020). Challenges, however, lie in the way national priorities and targets are translated into sub-national delivery plans and the way sub-national actors are brought together in orchestration (Hsu et al 2019) in a context where the legal framework for climate-change mitigation is elaborated at national rather than sub-national levels and coordination between government bodies and among stakeholders is generally ineffective (UNDP 2018). In many developing countries, conventional ‘top–down’, centralized land-use planning approaches have been widely practised, with very little success, a result of a lack of flexibility in adapting local peculiarities (Amler et al 1999, Ducourtieux et al 2005, Kauzeni et al 1993). In forest–agriculture mosaic landscapes, the fundamental question is how land-use planning can best conserve forest and agricultural land, both as sources of economic income and environmental services (O’Farrell and Anderson 2010). This paper provides guidance on monitoring integrated tree-based landscape management at commune level, based on the current legal framework related to natural resource management (land and forest) and the requirements of national green-growth development and assessment of land uses in two communes in Dien Bien and Son La provinces. The concept of integrated tree based landscape management in Viet Nam is still new and should be further developed for wider application across levels.
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Leis, Sherry. Vegetation community monitoring at Lincoln Boyhood National Memorial: 2011–2019. National Park Service, April 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/nrr-2284711.

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Lincoln Boyhood National Memorial celebrates the lives of the Lincoln family including the final resting place of Abraham’s mother, Nancy Hanks Lincoln. Lincoln’s childhood in Indiana was a formative time in the life our 16th president. When the Lincoln family arrived in Indiana, the property was covered in the oak-hickory forest type. They cleared land to create their homestead and farm. Later, designers of the memorial felt that it was important to restore woodlands to the site. The woodlands would help visitors visualize the challenges the Lincoln family faced in establishing and maintaining their homestead. Some stands of woodland may have remained, but significant restoration efforts included extensive tree planting. The Heartland Inventory and Monitoring Network began monitoring the woodland in 2011 with repeat visits every four years. These monitoring efforts provide a window into the composition and structure of the wood-lands. We measure both overstory trees and the ground flora within four permanently located plots. At these permanent plots, we record each species, foliar cover estimates of ground flora, diameter at breast height of midstory and overstory trees, and tree regeneration frequency (tree seedlings and saplings). The forest species composition was relatively consistent over the three monitoring events. Climatic conditions measured by the Palmer Drought Severity Index indicated mild to wet conditions over the monitoring record. Canopy closure continued to indicate a forest structure with a closed canopy. Large trees (>45 cm DBH) comprised the greatest amount of tree basal area. Sugar maple was observed to have the greatest basal area and density of the 23 tree species observed. The oaks characteristic of the early woodlands were present, but less dominant. Although one hickory species was present, it was in very low abundance. Of the 17 tree species recorded in the regeneration layer, three species were most abundant through time: sugar maple (Acer saccharum), red bud (Cercis canadensis), and ash (Fraxinus sp.). Ash recruitment seemed to increase over prior years and maple saplings transitioned to larger size classes. Ground flora diversity was similar through time, but alpha and gamma diversity were slightly greater in 2019. Percent cover by plant guild varied through time with native woody plants and forbs having the greatest abundance. Nonnative plants were also an important part of the ground flora composition. Common periwinkle (Vinca minor) and Japanese honeysuckle (Lonicera japonica) continued to be the most abundant nonnative species, but these two species were less abundant in 2019 than 2011. Unvegetated ground cover was high (mean = 95%) and increased by 17% since 2011. Bare ground increased from less than 1% in 2011 to 9% in 2019, but other ground cover elements were similar to prior years. In 2019, we quantified observer error by double sampling two plots within three of the monitoring sites. We found total pseudoturnover to be about 29% (i.e., 29% of the species records differed between observers due to observer error). This 29% pseudoturnover rate was almost 50% greater than our goal of 20% pseudoturnover. The majority of the error was attributed to observers overlooking species. Plot frame relocation error likely contributed as well but we were unable to separate it from overlooking error with our design.
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Cowne, Sean. Wandering Man. Portland State University Library, January 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.15760/etd.6956.

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7

van den Berg, F., A. Tiktak, T. Hoogland, A. Poot, J. J. T. I. Boesten, A. M. A. van der Linden, and J. W. Pol. An improved soil organic matter map for GeoPEARL_NL : Model description of version 4.4.4 and consequence for the Dutch decision tree on leaching to groundwater. Wageningen: Wageningen Environmental Research, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.18174/424920.

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8

Struik, L. C. Golden Trees map Fault. Natural Resources Canada/ESS/Scientific and Technical Publishing Services, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/131231.

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9

Phuong, Vu Tan, Nguyen Van Truong, Do Trong Hoan, Hoang Nguyen Viet Hoa, and Nguyen Duy Khanh. Understanding tree-cover transitions, drivers and stakeholders’ perspectives for effective landscape governance: a case study of Chieng Yen Commune, Son La Province, Viet Nam. World Agroforestry, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5716/wp21023.pdf.

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Integrated landscape management for sustainable livelihoods and positive environmental outcomes has been desired by many developing countries, especially for mountainous areas where agricultural activities, if not well managed, will likely degrade vulnerable landscapes. This research was an attempt to characterize the landscape in Chieng Yen Commune, Son La Province in Northwest Viet Nam to generate knowledge and understanding of local conditions and to propose a workable governance mechanism to sustainably manage the landscape. ICRAF, together with national partners — Vietnamese Academy of Forest Sciences, Soil and Fertilizer Research Institute — and local partners — Son La Department of Agriculture and Rural Development, Son La Department of Natural Resources and Environment, Chieng Yen Commune People’s Committee — conducted rapid assessments in the landscape, including land-use mapping, land-use characterization, a household survey and participatory landscape assessment using an ecosystem services framework. We found that the landscape and peoples’ livelihoods are at risk from the continuous degradation of forest and agricultural land, and declining productivity, ecosystem conditions and services. Half of households live below the poverty line with insufficient agricultural production for subsistence. Unsustainable agricultural practices and other livelihood activities are causing more damage to the forest. Meanwhile, existing forest and landscape governance mechanisms are generally not inclusive of local community engagement. Initial recommendations are provided, including further assessment to address current knowledge gaps.
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Mahoney, James. Tree Graphs and Orthogonal Spanning Tree Decompositions. Portland State University Library, January 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.15760/etd.2939.

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