Journal articles: 'The theory of critical distances'

1

Taylor, D. "The theory of critical distances." Engineering Fracture Mechanics 75, no. 7 (May 2008): 1696–705. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.engfracmech.2007.04.007.

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Taylor, David. "Microstructural Parameters in the Theory of Critical Distances." Materials Science Forum 567-568 (December 2007): 23–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.567-568.23.

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The work described below investigates, for the first time, the link between microstructural parameters such as grain size and the length constant L which is known as the critical distance. L is frequently used in the prediction of failure processes such as brittle fracture and fatigue, initiated at stress concentration features such as notches. Values of L were calculated using data from the literature on the effect of short cracks and notches in steels and ceramics. In some cases, simple relationships could be established between L and the grain size, or other microstructural features. Sometimes L was found to be much larger than anything in the microstructure and appeared to be related to the size of the damage zone at failure.

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Taylor, David. "The Theory of Critical Distances: A link to micromechanisms." Theoretical and Applied Fracture Mechanics 90 (August 2017): 228–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tafmec.2017.05.018.

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Vargiu, Filippo, Derek Sweeney, Donato Firrao, Paolo Matteis, and David Taylor. "Implementation of the Theory of Critical Distances using mesh control." Theoretical and Applied Fracture Mechanics 92 (December 2017): 113–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tafmec.2017.05.019.

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Taylor, David. "Applications of the theory of critical distances in failure analysis." Engineering Failure Analysis 18, no. 2 (March 2011): 543–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.engfailanal.2010.07.002.

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Taylor, David. "The Theory of Critical Distances applied to multiscale toughening mechanisms." Engineering Fracture Mechanics 209 (March 2019): 392–403. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.engfracmech.2019.02.012.

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7

Suknev, S. V. "Extending the theory of critical distances to quasi-brittle fracture." Theoretical and Applied Fracture Mechanics 114 (August 2021): 102996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tafmec.2021.102996.

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8

Cicero, S., V. Madrazo, and I. A. Carrascal. "Estimation of Fracture Toughness by Testing Notched Fracture Specimens and Applying the Theory of Critical Distances." ISRN Materials Science 2012 (September 17, 2012): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.5402/2012/689386.

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This paper applies a methodology that allows the fracture toughness of a given material to be estimated by testing notched fracture toughness specimens and applying the Theory of Critical Distances, which requires the elastic stress field at the notch tip to be determined by finite elements simulation. This methodology, which is not intended to substitute any standardised fracture characterisation procedure, constitutes an alternative in those situations where pre-cracking processes may be too time-consuming, too expensive or, simply, cannot be performed. It comprises testing two notched specimens with different notch radii, defining the corresponding stress fields at fracture by using finite elements analysis, and applying the Theory of Critical Distances in order to calibrate the material’s critical distance and to apply the corresponding apparent fracture toughness formulation. The methodology has been applied to two different materials, PMMA and Al7075-T651, and the results have proven that, as long as the Theory of Critical Distances has been applied within its validity range, the fracture toughness estimations are highly accurate.

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Hattori, Toshio, Muhammad Amiruddin Bin Ab Wahab, and Minoru Yamashita. "Low Cycle Fatigue Estimation Based on the Critical Distance Stress Theory." Advanced Materials Research 891-892 (March 2014): 1773–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.891-892.1773.

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Generally the critical distance stress theory was applied for the fatigue limit estimation of general structures using fatigue limit of smooth specimen (σw0), and threshold stress intensity factor range (Kth). In this paper we extended this method for the estimation of low cycle fatigue life too. In this method we define the critical distance (rc) on static strength conditions, which is calculated using ultimate tensile strength (σB) and fracture toughness (KIC), in addition to the critical distance on fatigue limit condition (rc). Then the critical distances of any low cycle fatigue conditions can be calculated by interpolation of critical distance on fatigue limit (rc) with critical distance on static strength (rc). By unifying these low cycle fatigue life estimation method with high cycle fatigue limit estimation method we can estimate the full range fatigue life easily. And to confirm the availability of this estimation method we perform the fatigue test for any stress concentration specimens.s

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Wahab, Muhammad Amiruddin Bin Ab, Niu Jie, Toshio Hattori, and Minoru Yamashita. "Fatigue Strength and Life Estimation Methods Using Critical Distance Stress Theory." Advanced Materials Research 694-697 (May 2013): 853–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.694-697.853.

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Generallythe critical distance stress theory was applied for the fatigue limitestimation of general structures. In thismethod, it needs only two parameters, fatiguelimit of smooth specimen (σw0), and threshold stress intensityfactor range (∆Kth). In this paper we extended this method for theestimation of low cycle fatigue lifetoo. In this improvement wedefine the critical distance (rc’) on static strength conditions,which is calculated using ultimate tensile strength (σB) andfracture toughness (KIC), in addition to the critical distance onfatigue limit condition (rc). Then the critical distances of any lowcycle fatigue conditions can be calculated by interpolation of criticaldistance on fatigue limit (rc)with critical distance on staticstrength (rc’). By unifying these low cycle fatigue life estimationmethod with high cycle fatigue limit estimation method we can estimate the fullrange fatigue life easily. And to confirm the availabilityof this estimation method we perform the fatigue test for circlehole specimens, sharp V notch specimens andfretting fatigue specimens.

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AKAMA, Makoto, Hiroyuki MATSUDA, Hisayo DOI, and Masahiro TSUJIE. "F405 Fatigue crack initiation life prediction of rails using theory of critical distance and critical plane approach." Proceedings of The Computational Mechanics Conference 2011.24 (2011): _F—54_—_F—57_. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmecmd.2011.24._f-54_.

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Hattori, Toshio, and Minoru Yamashita. "OS14-3-3 Fretting Fatigue Life Estimations Based on Critical Distance Theory." Abstracts of ATEM : International Conference on Advanced Technology in Experimental Mechanics : Asian Conference on Experimental Mechanics 2011.10 (2011): _OS14–3–3—. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmeatem.2011.10._os14-3-3-.

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13

Taylor, David. "Analysis of fatigue failures in components using the theory of critical distances." Engineering Failure Analysis 12, no. 6 (December 2005): 906–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.engfailanal.2004.12.007.

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CLEGG, R. E., K. DUAN, and A. J. MCLEOD. "The theory of critical distances and fatigue from notches in aluminium 6061." Fatigue & Fracture of Engineering Materials & Structures 35, no. 1 (June 30, 2011): 13–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1460-2695.2011.01597.x.

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15

Susmel, Luca. "The theory of critical distances: a review of its applications in fatigue." Engineering Fracture Mechanics 75, no. 7 (May 2008): 1706–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.engfracmech.2006.12.004.

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16

Cicero, S., V. Madrazo, and I. A. Carrascal. "Analysis of notch effect in PMMA using the Theory of Critical Distances." Engineering Fracture Mechanics 86 (May 2012): 56–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.engfracmech.2012.02.015.

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17

Kasiri, Saeid, Daniel J. Kelly, and David Taylor. "Can the theory of critical distances predict the failure of shape memory alloys?" Computer Methods in Biomechanics and Biomedical Engineering 14, no. 6 (June 2011): 491–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10255842.2010.482527.

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18

Taylor, D. "Predicting the fracture strength of ceramic materials using the theory of critical distances." Engineering Fracture Mechanics 71, no. 16-17 (November 2004): 2407–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.engfracmech.2004.01.002.

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19

Castro, Jorge, Sergio Cicero, and César Sagaseta. "A Criterion for Brittle Failure of Rocks Using the Theory of Critical Distances." Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering 49, no. 1 (March 5, 2015): 63–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00603-015-0728-8.

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20

Zheng, X., H. Cui, X. Su, C. C. Engler-Pinto, and W. Wen. "Numerical modeling of fatigue crack propagation based on the theory of critical distances." Engineering Fracture Mechanics 114 (December 2013): 151–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.engfracmech.2013.10.018.

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21

Righiniotis, Timothy D., Boulent M. Imam, and Marios K. Chryssanthopoulos. "Fatigue analysis of riveted railway bridge connections using the theory of critical distances." Engineering Structures 30, no. 10 (October 2008): 2707–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2008.03.005.

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22

Benedetti, M., and C. Santus. "Statistical properties of threshold and notch derived estimations of the critical distance according to the line method of the theory of critical distances." International Journal of Fatigue 137 (August 2020): 105656. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijfatigue.2020.105656.

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23

González, Pablo, Sergio Cicero, Borja Arroyo, and José Álvarez. "Environmentally Assisted Cracking Behavior of S420 and X80 Steels Containing U-notches at Two Different Cathodic Polarization Levels: An Approach from the Theory of Critical Distances." Metals 9, no. 5 (May 16, 2019): 570. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met9050570.

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This paper analyzes, using the theory of critical distances, the environmentally assisted cracking behavior of two steels (S420 and API X80) subjected to two different aggressive environments. The propagation threshold for environmentally assisted cracking (i.e., the stress intensity factor above which crack propagation initiates) in cracked and notched specimens (KIEAC and KNIEAC) has been experimentally obtained under different environmental conditions. Cathodic polarization has been employed to generate the aggressive environments, at 1 and 5 mA/cm2, causing hydrogen embrittlement on the steels. The point method and the line method, both belonging to the theory of critical distances, have been applied to verify their capacity to predict the initiation of crack propagation. The results demonstrate the capacity of the theory of critical distances to predict the crack propagation onset under the different combinations of material and aggressive environments.

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24

Eriksson, Robert, Kjell Simonsson, Daniel Leidermark, and Johan Moverare. "Evaluation of notch effects in low cycle fatigue of alloy 718 using critical distances." MATEC Web of Conferences 165 (2018): 15001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201816515001.

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Gas turbine disks contain many notch-like features acting as stress raisers. The fatigue life based on the notch root stress may be overly conservative as the steep stress gradient in front of the notch may give rise to so-called notch support. In the current work, the theory of critical distances was applied to the prediction of the total fatigue life of low cycle fatigued, notched specimens made from alloy 718. The fatigue tests were performed at 450 °C and 550 °C. It was found that, for lives shorter than 5000–10000 cycles, the notched specimens had longer lives than would have been expected based on the notch root strain. For lives longer than 5000–10000 cycles, there were no notch support. The life prediction for notched specimens could be significantly improved by basing the prediction on the strain chosen some distance from the notch (the critical distance). An expression for calculating the critical distance based on the notch root strain was suggested.

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25

Taylor, David, Saeid Kasiri, and Emma Brazel. "The theory of critical distances applied to problems in fracture and fatigue of bone." Frattura ed Integrità Strutturale 3, no. 10 (October 1, 2009): 12–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.3221/igf-esis.10.02.

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26

Gallo, Pasquale, Yabin Yan, Takashi Sumigawa, and Takayuki Kitamura. "Fracture Behavior of Nanoscale Notched Silicon Beams Investigated by the Theory of Critical Distances." Advanced Theory and Simulations 1, no. 1 (December 18, 2017): 1700006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/adts.201700006.

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27

Schwartzkopff, Adam K., Nouné S. Melkoumian, and Chaoshui Xu. "Fracture mechanics approximation to predict the breakdown pressure using the theory of critical distances." International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences 95 (May 2017): 48–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijrmms.2017.03.006.

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28

Beck, R. Kelly. "Transport Distance and Debitage Assemblage Diversity: An Application of the Field Processing Model to Southern Utah Toolstone Procurement Sites." American Antiquity 73, no. 4 (October 2008): 759–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0002731600047399.

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Understanding the decisions made at toolstone procurement localities is critical to understanding lithic production systems. However, lithic assemblages at procurement sites are typically voluminous, frequently overlapping, and always complex. This paper explores the influence of expected toolstone transport distance on procurement site assemblage variability using a central place theory inspired model from Human Behavioral Ecology. Debitage assemblage diversity is examined for 43 sites in two procurement contexts with different expected overall transport distances. Twenty-six of these sites are from the Canyonlands region of southeastern Utah where toolstone transport distances are expected to be uniformly short; seventeen sites are from the Black Rock desert region of west-central Utah where transport distances are expected to be longer. Observed differences in debitage assemblage diversity from each procurement context are consistent with expectations derived from the model which suggests that procurement site assemblage variability is predictably affected by expected toolstone transport distance.

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29

Susmel, L., and H. Askes. "Material Length Scales in Fracture Analysis: From Gradient Elasticity to the Theory of Critical Distances." Computational Technology Reviews 6 (September 4, 2012): 63–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.4203/ctr.6.3.

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30

Justo, J., J. Castro, S. Cicero, M. A. Sánchez-Carro, and R. Husillos. "Notch effect on the fracture of several rocks: Application of the Theory of Critical Distances." Theoretical and Applied Fracture Mechanics 90 (August 2017): 251–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tafmec.2017.05.025.

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31

Pelekis, Iason, and Luca Susmel. "The Theory of Critical Distances to estimate static and dynamic strength of notched plain concrete." Procedia Structural Integrity 2 (2016): 2006–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.prostr.2016.06.252.

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32

Castro, F. C., J. A. Araújo, and N. Zouain. "On the application of multiaxial high-cycle fatigue criteria using the theory of critical distances." Engineering Fracture Mechanics 76, no. 4 (March 2009): 512–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.engfracmech.2008.10.014.

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33

Cicero, S., V. Madrazo, I. A. Carrascal, and R. Cicero. "Assessment of notched structural components using Failure Assessment Diagrams and the Theory of Critical Distances." Engineering Fracture Mechanics 78, no. 16 (November 2011): 2809–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.engfracmech.2011.08.009.

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34

Schmidt, Jonas, Maeve O'Neill, Jan-Henning Dirks, and David Taylor. "An investigation of crack propagation in an insect wing using the theory of critical distances." Engineering Fracture Mechanics 232 (June 2020): 107052. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.engfracmech.2020.107052.

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35

Sánchez, Marcos, Sergio Cicero, Borja Arroyo, and José Alberto Álvarez. "Coupling Finite Element Analysis and the Theory of Critical Distances to Estimate Critical Loads in Al6060-T66 Tubular Beams Containing Notches." Metals 10, no. 10 (October 20, 2020): 1395. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met10101395.

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This paper validates a methodology for the estimation of critical loads in tubular beams containing notch-type defects. The methodology is particularized for the case of Al6060-T66 tubular cantilever beams containing U-shaped notches. It consists in obtaining the stress field at the notch tip using finite element analysis (FEA) and the subsequent application of the theory of critical distances (TCD) to derive the corresponding critical load (or load-bearing capacity). The results demonstrate that this methodology provides satisfactory predictions of fracture loads.

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36

O'Brien, John. "Critical Distance." Paragraph 29, no. 1 (March 2006): 108–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/prg.2006.0007.

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37

Suknev, S. V. "Application of the Theory of Critical Distances to quasi-brittle fracture with a developed process zone." Procedia Structural Integrity 28 (2020): 903–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.prostr.2020.11.061.

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38

Yin, T., A. Tyas, O. Plekhov, A. Terekhina, and L. Susmel. "A novel reformulation of the Theory of Critical Distances to design notched metals against dynamic loading." Materials & Design 69 (March 2015): 197–212. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.matdes.2014.12.026.

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39

Taylor, David. "On the application of the Theory of Critical Distances for prediction of fracture in fibre composites." Frattura ed Integrità Strutturale 4, no. 11 (December 30, 2009): 3–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.3221/igf-esis.11.01.

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40

Madrazo, V., S. Cicero, and T. García. "Assessment of notched structural steel components using failure assessment diagrams and the theory of critical distances." Engineering Failure Analysis 36 (January 2014): 104–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.engfailanal.2013.09.012.

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41

Li, Wenchao, Luca Susmel, Harm Askes, Fangfang Liao, and Tianhua Zhou. "Assessing the integrity of steel structural components with stress raisers using the Theory of Critical Distances." Engineering Failure Analysis 70 (December 2016): 73–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.engfailanal.2016.07.007.

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42

Srivatsan, T. S. "A Review of: “The Theory of Critical Distances: A New Perspective in Fracture Mechanics, David Taylor”." Materials and Manufacturing Processes 23, no. 4 (April 4, 2008): 448. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10426910801940417.

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43

Liu, Bowen, and Xiangqiao Yan. "An extension research on the theory of critical distances for multiaxial notch fatigue finite life prediction." International Journal of Fatigue 117 (December 2018): 217–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijfatigue.2018.08.017.

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44

González, P., S. Cicero, B. Arroyo, and J. A. Álvarez. "A Theory of Critical Distances based methodology for the analysis of environmentally assisted cracking in steels." Engineering Fracture Mechanics 214 (June 2019): 134–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.engfracmech.2019.04.004.

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45

Camus, Patrick P. "Field-assisted ionization theory for microscopists." Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America 52 (1994): 820–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0424820100171833.

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The theory of field ion emission is the study of electron tunneling probability enhanced by the application of a high electric field. At subnanometer distances and kilovolt potentials, the probability of tunneling of electrons increases markedly. Field ionization of gas atoms produce atomic resolution images of the surface of the specimen, while field evaporation of surface atoms sections the specimen. Details of emission theory may be found in monographs.Field ionization (FI) is the phenomena whereby an electric field assists in the ionization of gas atoms via tunneling. The tunneling probability is a maximum at a critical distance above the surface,xc, Fig. 1. Energy is required to ionize the gas atom at xc, I, but at a value reduced by the appliedelectric field, xcFe, while energy is recovered by placing the electron in the specimen, φ. The highest ionization probability occurs for those regions on the specimen that have the highest local electric field. Those atoms which protrude from the average surfacehave the smallest radius of curvature, the highest field and therefore produce the highest ionizationprobability and brightest spots on the imaging screen, Fig. 2. This technique is called field ion microscopy (FIM).

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46

Cicero, Sergio, Juan Fuentes, Isabela Procopio, Virginia Madrazo, and Pablo González. "Critical Distance Default Values for Structural Steels and a Simple Formulation to Estimate the Apparent Fracture Toughness in U-Notched Conditions." Metals 8, no. 11 (October 24, 2018): 871. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met8110871.

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The structural integrity assessment of components containing notch-type defects has been the subject of extensive research in the last few decades. The assumption that notches behave as cracks is generally too conservative, making it necessary to develop assessment methodologies that consider the specific nature of notches, providing accurate safe predictions of failure loads or defect sizes. Among the different theories or models that have been developed to address this issue the Theory of Critical Distances (TCD) is one of the most widely applied and extended. This theory is actually a group of methodologies that have in common the use of the material toughness and a length parameter that depends on the material (the critical distance; L). This length parameter requires calibration in those situations where there is a certain non-linear behavior on the micro or the macro scale. This calibration process constitutes the main practical barrier for an extensive use of the TCD in structural steels. The main purpose of this paper is to provide, through a set of proposed default values, a simple methodology to accurately estimate both the critical distance of structural steels and the corresponding apparent fracture toughness predictions derived from the TCD.

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47

Diehl, H. W. "The Theory of Boundary Critical Phenomena." International Journal of Modern Physics B 11, no. 30 (December 10, 1997): 3503–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217979297001751.

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An introduction into the theory of boundary critical phenomena and the application of the field-theoretical renormalization group method to these is given. The emphasis is on a discussion of surface critical behavior at bulk critical points of magnets, binary alloys, and fluids. Yet a multitude of related phenomena are mentioned. The most important distinct surface universality classes that may occur for a given universality class of bulk critical behavior are described, and the respective boundary conditions of the associated field theories are discussed. The short-distance singularities of the order-parameter profile in the diverse asymptotic regimes are surveyed.

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48

Еськов, Valeriy Eskov, Дудин, N. Dudin, Никитина, and Yu Nikitina. "Chaotic Dynamics of the Plasma Hemostasis Prameters in Critical Limb Ischemia Syndrome." Journal of New Medical Technologies 20, no. 4 (December 20, 2013): 12–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/2718.

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Active development of medical diagnostic base of instrumental studies demands the introduction of a new methodological support. Now it can be done on the basis of system analysis and synthesis of information to identify the significance of clinical diagnostic criteria for quasi-stationary states of the hemostatic system. Such a task is most successfully solved by the new trend of system analysis and synthesis, management and processing of information in evidence-based medicine: identification of quasi-attractors parameters of the human body state vector in terms of the theory of chaos and self-organization, and compartment-cluster theory of biological systems. According to classical statistics, the most effective treatment we observe in the third group patients, while the second group makes a significant impact too. As a result, the volume of quasi-attractors identify the best results in a change rX and xV obtained from the second group patients, in the third group the data are less evident. According to the data analysis of interattractors distances matrices showed the greatest increase in the distances (Zij) between the chaotic centers of the quasi-attractors in the third group, that shows a more effective conservative treatment in the third group than in group 1 and group 2.

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49

Susmel, Luca. "Eurocode 3’s Standard Curves and Theory of Critical Distances to Estimate Fatigue Lifetime of Steel Weldments." Key Engineering Materials 348-349 (September 2007): 21–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.348-349.21.

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This paper reports on the use of the Modified Wöhler Curve Method (MWCM) applied along with the Theory of Critical Distances (TCD) to estimate fatigue lifetime of steel welded joints subjected to both uniaxial and multiaxial cyclic loading. In a recent work [1] we have proved that the above engineering method is highly accurate when calibrated by using standard fatigue curves characterised by a probability of survival equal to 50%. In order to better check its accuracy and reliability, in the present study our approach is systematically applied to a large amount of experimental data by calibrating it using standard fatigue curves having a probability of survival equal to 97.7%. This exercise allowed us to prove that the in-field application of such an engineering procedure results in estimates which fully comply, from a statistical point of view, with Eurocode 3’s recommendations. This result strongly supports the idea that our approach can safely be employed to perform the fatigue assessment of real mechanical assemblies, with the advantage over other existing methods that fatigue lifetime under any kind of fatigue loading can be estimated by simply post-processing linear-elastic Finite Element Models.

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50

González, P., S. Cicero, J. A. Álvarez, and B. Arroyo. "Analysis of stress corrosion cracking in X80 pipeline steel: An approach from the theory of critical distances." Procedia Structural Integrity 13 (2018): 3–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.prostr.2018.12.002.

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Journal articles on the topic 'The theory of critical distances'

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