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1
Lindblad, Fredrik. "Växjö Municipality’s Planning Strategy to Increase the Construction of Wooden Multi-Family Buildings." Sustainability 12, no. 12 (June 16, 2020): 4915. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12124915.
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Sweden has a housing shortage, which the Swedish authorities expect to continue until 2025. Producers of wooden multi-family buildings have a relatively small market share in comparison to traditional building materials. The limited capacity to fulfil the increased building demand also restricts the possibilities for development towards innovation, bio-economy and sustainability. The municipalities in Sweden have responsibility for the planning of the building development in their region based on their projected requirements and strategies. Combining this with a desire to develop sustainable building solutions based on wood increases the complexity. Currently, public building developments are achieved through the public procurement act or the land allocation activity, dependent on their development strategy. This normally involves the development of local strategies regarding, for example, design, material choice and geographical development. This study aims to identify drivers that will enable improved market activities related to actions in public building initiatives using wood-based solutions, which is conducted by studying a specific building project managed by the Växjö Municipality in Sweden. The result indicates that improved transparency in the land allocation activity generates possibilities for developers to respond successfully to the requests submitted by the municipalities, and thus, increase the possible use of sustainable building methods using wood. This knowledge improves the understanding of the required strategic development for the companies, the government and the municipalities, to increase the use of sustainable building materials in Swedish multi-family housing projects.
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Hagemann, Frederik Aagaard, Thomas B. Randrup, and Åsa Ode Sang. "Challenges to implementing the urban ecosystem service concept in green infrastructure planning: a view from practitioners in Swedish municipalities." Socio-Ecological Practice Research 2, no. 3 (July 27, 2020): 283–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s42532-020-00054-3.
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Abstract In building a sustainable society, numerous ecosystem services have shown to play important roles for the benefit of urban residents. The distinct concept of Urban Ecosystem Services (UES) to accentuate and enhance the value of urban ecosystems has been proposed, primarily in research, with implementation in practice still at an early stage. This study examined challenges to future implementation of the UES concept in municipal planning and management of urban green spaces. Based on interviews in six Swedish municipalities, we identified four overall discourses challenging implementation of UES in municipal practice. These included (i) a need to prioritize UES in municipal planning in order to address the contemporary challenges of e.g., urbanization and biodiversity loss. This in turn creates (ii) a need for increased holistic thinking within the municipal organization, based on (iii) further documentation and standards, which should help (iv) initiate organizational transition and cross-sectorial approaches. These discourses provide interrelated challenges that could also act as opportunities for scientists and practitioners collaborations to advance integration of UES into planning and management, thereby increasing the sustainability of urban environments. This work provides a starting point for introduction of the UES concept into municipal planning.
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Pettersson, Lars. "The Swedish building cycle and other cycles." Scandinavian Housing and Planning Research 5, no. 2 (January 1988): 101–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02815738808730154.
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Korpinen, Pekka. "The Swedish building cycle: Fact or artifact?" Scandinavian Housing and Planning Research 5, no. 4 (January 1988): 257. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02815738808730171.
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Zhang, Yang, Pietro Elia Campana, Anders Lundblad, Wandong Zheng, and Jinyue Yan. "Planning and operation of an integrated energy system in a Swedish building." Energy Conversion and Management 199 (November 2019): 111920. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.enconman.2019.111920.
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Pettersson, Lars. "Pekka Korpinen's “The Swedish building cycle: Fact or artifact?"—a rejoinder." Scandinavian Housing and Planning Research 5, no. 4 (January 1988): 258. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02815738808730172.
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Forsberg, Mara, and Clarice Bleil de Souza. "Implementing Regenerative Standards in Politically Green Nordic Social Welfare States: Can Sweden Adopt the Living Building Challenge?" Sustainability 13, no. 2 (January 14, 2021): 738. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13020738.
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This paper focuses on understanding the place for regenerative building standards within the context of politically green Nordic social welfare states. To this end, it examines the particular case of adopting the Living Building Challenge (LBC), an iconic example of regenerative design standard, in Sweden. An extensive document analysis comparing the Swedish building and planning regulations as well as the Miljöbyggnad national certification system with the LBC, shows overlaps and barriers the standard can face when adopted in the country. Barriers are validated and further discussed in interviews with one of the few architects trying to achieve a certified LBC building in Sweden and Swedish public authorities from the Boverket (Swedish National Board of Housing, Building and Planning). Results from the document analysis and interviews show barriers to implement the LBC in Sweden are a product of a conscious political and ideological decision from the welfare state which considers infrastructure, and all its potential sustainable versions, a public good to be provided to all and funded by all. This premise contrasts with the self-sufficient approach promoted by the LBC, which in this particular aspect, can be interpreted as a threat to the welfare state.
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Kazda, Antonin. "Airport Planning and Design – Legal and Professional Competence Requirements." Civil and Environmental Engineering 13, no. 2 (December 20, 2017): 143–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/cee-2017-0019.
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Abstract Airport design and planning considerably differs from the design of other transport infrastructure. The reasons are the wide scope of regulation in civil aviation and the lack of links between the Civil Aviation Act and the Building Act. The effect is that the sequence of procedures, negotiation, and/or document approval is not clearly defined. The situation is further complicated by the fact that an airport is a unique construction both for the investor and for the local building authority. The paper is an outcome of our research, building on long-term experience in airport planning and design, and the elucidation of planning and approval processes with experts from the Transport Authority and the Ministry of Transport and Construction of the Slovak Republic.
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Almén, Lena, and Tore J. Larsson. "Health and safety coordinators in building projects." Built Environment Project and Asset Management 4, no. 3 (July 7, 2014): 251–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/bepam-05-2013-0012.
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Purpose – In order to reduce the number of injuries on construction sites, a European Directive prescribes that the clients shall appoint safety and health coordinators in their projects. The purpose of this paper is to find out who are appointed to be health and safety coordinators for the design and planning phase and what they do in order to prevent injuries on sites. Design/methodology/approach – Since the 1st of January 2009, there shall be a coordinator for the design and planning phase in Swedish construction projects. Telephone interviews were made with the coordinators in 42 Swedish building projects. Findings – The coordinators’ education and experiences varied widely, as well as their descriptions of their duties: no duties, administration and active injury prevention. The coordinators who were classified as most active had at least one additional leading role in the projects. Research limitations/implications – The study is qualitative for an increased understanding, not a statistical reflection of the coordinator population. Practical implications – The legislation needs to clarify whether the early conceptual phase of the project is included in the coordinator's commission and whether she/he is supposed to participate in identifying, assessing and reducing risks through design changes. These clarifications will have an influence on when the coordinator should be appointed and what competence she/he needs. Originality/value – The study increases the understanding of how the health and safety coordinators of the planning and projecting phase of building projects perceive their mission and what factors, according to them, have an influence on what they do.
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MARTIIN, CARIN. "Swedish Milk, a Swedish Duty: Dairy Marketing in the 1920s and 1930s." Rural History 21, no. 2 (September 22, 2010): 213–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0956793310000063.
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AbstractOn basis of the argument ‘Better milk – increased consumption’ the Swedish association, ‘The Milk Propaganda’, managed to frame a milk marketing project in which economic interests were intertwined with references to public health and the survival of the Swedish countryside. The very idea of marketing milk, building on its quality and health, was presented as mutually beneficial for producers and consumers, and for the entire Swedish society. In the 1920s and 30s the project was visible through posters, a journal, milk restaurants and school campaigns. The story includes fascinating encounters between rurality and urbanity, materialised through milk. During the economic crisis around 1930 milk marketing became aggressive and consumers were urged to consume as much dairy produce as possible in order to fulfil their national duty to help save farmers and the countryside.
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Ödmann, Ella. "Vague legal norms in a tough reality—Some remarks on the new Swedish planning act." Scandinavian Housing and Planning Research 4, no. 4 (January 1987): 263–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02815738708730142.
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Kaneberg, Elvira, Susanne Hertz, and Leif-Magnus Jensen. "Emergency preparedness planning in developed countries: the Swedish case." Journal of Humanitarian Logistics and Supply Chain Management 6, no. 2 (August 1, 2016): 145–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jhlscm-10-2015-0039.
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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to understand the needs of the supply-chain (SC) network when coping with permanent and temporary demands, this paper analyzes the Swedish emergency preparedness SC network. This network comprises planning procedures and resources, as well as numerous organizations and other participants in civil society that take part in the system to cope with threats and ongoing crises. Planning constitutes a critical infrastructure because the system must develop the ability to shift SC functions from permanent to temporary networks in ongoing crises and war. Design/methodology/approach – A research study is performed based on data gathered by three qualitative methods concerning the SC network of emergency preparedness planning. Findings – This study demonstrates the relevance of a wide empirical field challenging several theoretical perspectives of the SC network in preparedness planning and the shift to ongoing crises. Further research targeting key capabilities is needed to further improve understanding of the challenges for developed countries in managing potential threats and crises. Originality/value – Actors taking part in the preparedness system have found it challenging to coordinate. Due, in part, to the lack of a common threat profile, key capabilities remain outside preparedness planning, e.g., military, commercial and voluntary actors as well as unclear and inconsistent regulations. Thus, building the SC network demonstrates the need to target the military, the voluntary and commercial sectors and their ability to develop the networks in preparedness planning. In a reformed system, all actors must strengthen civil defense in an all-hazard approach, which in planning encompasses the entire threat scale, demonstrating key functions and the ability to shift to temporary networks responding to ongoing crises, including war.
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von Platten, Jenny, Claes Sandels, Kajsa Jörgensson, Viktor Karlsson, Mikael Mangold, and Kristina Mjörnell. "Using Machine Learning to Enrich Building Databases—Methods for Tailored Energy Retrofits." Energies 13, no. 10 (May 19, 2020): 2574. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13102574.
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Building databases are important assets when estimating and planning for national energy savings from energy retrofitting. However, databases often lack information on building characteristics needed to determine the feasibility of specific energy conservation measures. In this paper, machine learning methods are used to enrich the Swedish database of Energy Performance Certificates with building characteristics relevant for a chosen set of energy retrofitting packages. The study is limited to the Swedish multifamily building stock constructed between 1945 and 1975, as these buildings are facing refurbishment needs that advantageously can be combined with energy retrofitting. In total, 514 ocular observations were conducted in Google Street View of two building characteristics that were needed to determine the feasibility of the chosen energy retrofitting packages: (i) building type and (ii) suitability for additional façade insulation. Results showed that these building characteristics could be predicted with an accuracy of 88.9% and 72.5% respectively. It could be concluded that machine learning methods show promising potential to enrich building databases with building characteristics relevant for energy retrofitting, which in turn can improve estimations of national energy savings potential.
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Kemeny, Jim. "The abolition of the national Swedish institute for building research: Social change & political compromise." Scandinavian Housing and Planning Research 14, no. 3 (January 1997): 133–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02815739708730430.
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Hjelmblom, Magnus, Jesper M. Paasch, Jenny Paulsson, Marina Edlund, and Fredrik Bökman. "Towards automation of the Swedish property formation process." Nordic Journal of Surveying and Real Estate Research 14, no. 1 (June 26, 2019): 29–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.30672/njsr.78170.
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The ongoing digitalization of public administration and increased automation of legal decision-making bears promise to benefit citizens, businesses and other stakeholders through simpler and more efficient civil processes, and thus has great impact on the urban planning and building process. However, automation of decision-making that is directed or constrained by normative systems such as laws, regulations and policies, requires a detailed and accurate representation of these concepts and their constituent parts, and the domain to which they are applied. In this paper, we combine two perspectives on formalisation and classification of legal relations within the urban planning and building domain. In a cross-disciplinary fashion, we analyse and describe a small part of this domain at a higher level of abstraction and formalization using two different analysis instruments. Using these tools, we perform structural and conceptual as well as logical analyses of two specific snapshots of a fictitious property subdivision case in Sweden, focusing on the legal relations between different entities and parties involved in the specific situations. The structural analysis uses the Land Administration Domain Model ISO 19152:2012 standard formalism, and the logical analysis is based on the notion of atomic types of legal relations. We discuss some of the strengths and weaknesses of the two tools regarding the formal representation of rights, restrictions and responsibilities of different parties in the land administration domain, as well as how the tools relate to each other and how they can be aligned. We thus take one step towards a deeper understanding of the domain, and identify areas for future research that may provide better conditions for efficient and transparent use of geospatial information, and automation of the property subdivision process and other related civil processes.
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Olander, Stefan, and Anne Landin. "Housing developers' perceptions of the planning process: a survey of Swedish companies." International Journal of Housing Markets and Analysis 1, no. 3 (August 29, 2008): 246–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/17538270810895097.
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PurposeThe public activity of controlling land use is exerted through the planning process. The purpose of this paper is to examine how housing developers perceive different aspects of the planning process, and if these perceptions might act as a constraint for the development of new housing projects.Design/methodology/approachA survey, based on a questionnaire, has been conducted with housing development companies having at least one project initiated during the period 2001‐2004 and with municipal housing companies with responsibility for providing affordable rental housing. The study focused on the assertions contained in the questionnaire, which were measured statistically with a t‐test, to establish if the respondents agreed with the stated assertions. Additional information was achieved from factual and open questions to the respondents of the survey.FindingsThe study shows that the housing developers do perceive the planning process as a factor of uncertainty in the development of new housing projects. Responsibility for making the planning process less uncertain lies both with planning officials and housing developers. However, housing developers cannot directly affect how the planning process is organised and controlled. Thus, housing developers need to decrease the uncertainty by performing stakeholder and risk analysis before acquisition of land.Originality/valueThe study has found that there is evidence of reasonable concern on the part of housing development companies that should be taken seriously by planning authorities. The findings imply that greater transparency in the process would go hand‐in‐hand with a more consistent approach and thus more certain outcomes.
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Raboshakga, Ngwako, and Oliver Fuo. "Appropriate Internal Appeal Mechanisms for Approval of Building Plans: Exploring the Gaps Left by the Constitutional Court." Potchefstroom Electronic Law Journal 23 (September 16, 2020): 1–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.17159/1727-3781/2020/v23i0a7938.
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This article explores the gaps left by the Constitutional Court's jurisprudence in relation to what the appropriate internal appeal mechanism should be at the level of municipalities for the approval of building plans. This follows the unanimous judgment of the Constitutional Court in City of Johannesburg Metropolitan Municipality v Chairman of the National Building Regulations Review Board 2018 5 SA 1 (CC) in which the Court found section 9 of the National Building Regulations and Building Standards Act 103 of 1977 (NBR Act), subjecting municipal building decisions to appeal by a "Review Board" appointed by the Minister of Trade and Industry, to be inconsistent with the original constitutional powers of municipalities over planning and building regulations. We argue that although the ground for holding section 9 of the NBR Act unconstitutional is already deeply entrenched in the Court's planning jurisprudence, the judgment has left a whopping gap on where prospective/future appeals can be lodged and the nature of such an appeal mechanism, where municipal officials disapprove building plans in terms of section 7 of the NBR Act. It is submitted that the invalidation of section 9 by the Court has completely left it up to each individual municipality to decide on whether and how an internal appeal for the approval of building plans is to be pursued. After exploring the options available in terms of other local government legislation, we argue that the most appropriate way to close the gap left by the Court is for Parliament to enact an amendment to the NBR Act providing for an internal appeal mechanism that allows for a measure of coherence and uniformity across municipalities, and yet respects the autonomy of local government.
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Caldenby, Claes. "Kritisk empiri. Ett historiografiskt perspektiv." Nordlit, no. 36 (December 10, 2015): 19. http://dx.doi.org/10.7557/13.3693.
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<p>The article discusses the possible value of a ”critical empiricism” as the forgotten ”other” of the well-established critical theory. Following Swedish sociologist Johan Asplund, critical empiricism is described as ”seeing what others have not seen”. The ”theoretical turn” in architectural research is questioned with the help of architectural historians Anders Åman and Mari Hvattum. The 1940s discussion of Swedish architecture as “new empiricism” introduces a strong relation between the Nordic welfare societies and their architecture as a characteristic also of Swedish architectural history.</p><p>The article presents a recent historiographical project by a network of Swedish architectural historians from universities and schools of architecture. One of the networks’ papers is about Gregor Paulsson’s book <em>Svensk stad </em>[Swedish Town], an “environmental history” with a pronounced sociological perspective and an ambition to influence Swedish post-war planning. Another paper discusses architectural history as the study of building categories, a firmly established tradition in Swedish architectural history, in this case with a fundamentally “functional” perspective. A third paper is a critical study of the 1970s turn from architectural history as a history of monuments to a history of the built environment in its broadest sense.</p><p>In conclusion, critical empiricism in architectural history is presented as a vigorous and necessary reminder of how society could be different in a time when humanities as well as planning are questioned by politicians.</p>
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Healey, P. "Building Institutional Capacity through Collaborative Approaches to Urban Planning." Environment and Planning A: Economy and Space 30, no. 9 (September 1998): 1531–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/a301531.
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Improving the qualities of places is attracting increasing policy and academic interest in contemporary Europe. This raises questions about the appropriate governance capacity to deliver such improvements. I argue that a key element of such capacity lies in the quality of local policy cultures. Some are well integrated, well connected, and well informed, and can mobilise readily to act to capture opportunities and enhance local conditions. Others are fragmented, lack the connections to sources of power and knowledge, and the mobilisation capacity, to organise to make a difference. In recent years, the emphasis in attempts to change urban governance capacity, particularly in Britain, has been on encouraging catalytic projects and partnerships. Recent experience across Europe suggests that wider transformative effects are difficult to achieve without careful consideration of the partnership form and how it connects to the wider policy culture. They may also have the effect of increasing the fragmentation of local capacity. I examine the potential of collaborative approaches in place-making initiatives in achieving more effective and durable transformations. Collaborative approaches emphasise the importance of building new policy discourses about the qualities of places, developing collaboration among stakeholders in policy development as well as delivery, widening stakeholder involvement beyond traditional power elites, recognising different forms of local knowledge, and building rich social networks as a resource of institutional capital through which new initiatives can be taken rapidly and legitimately. They shift the task of urban planning from ‘building places’ to fostering the institutional capacity in territorial political communities for ongoing ‘place-making’ activities.
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Reindl, Katharina. "Agency and capacity in the planning and design phase of building renovations." Energy Efficiency 13, no. 7 (August 1, 2020): 1409–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12053-020-09885-1.
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Abstract The building sector is a large energy consumer and is responsible for high CO2 emissions; hence, improving the energy performance of buildings is vital. Building renovations open opportunities to improve their energy performance. Building professionals and other actors in the early phase of renovations decide what energy efficiency and saving measures will be implemented. Their role is studied here from a middle-out perspective (MOP), investigating the different actors’ agency and capacity. Agency refers here to an interest in and a willingness to implement energy efficiency and saving measures, and capacity refers to the ability to implement such measures. Higher agency and capacity are said to increase the realisation of the planned energy efficiency and saving measures. The data was gathered during three planning and design phases of renovation projects of a municipal housing company in a middle-sized Swedish town. A case study was conducted which is based on semi-structured interviews with actors from the planning and design phase of the renovations, as well as participant observations and a document analysis. The levels of agency and capacity of professionals in the middle of a project’s planning and design phase are investigated thoroughly, but the here defined top and bottom levels are also in focus. The analysis shows that a mismatch in agency and capacity on the different levels hindered the uptake of energy efficiency and saving measures in the planning and design of the renovation projects.
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Jentoft, Svein, and Bjørn-Petter Finstad. "Building fisheries institutions through collective action in Norway." Maritime Studies 17, no. 1 (April 2018): 13–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40152-018-0088-6.
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AbstractInstitutions, and the collective action that created them and which they enable, can play an important role in poverty eradication. In Norway, the Raw Fish Act passed in 1938 in the aftermath of the international financial crisis that hit the fishing industry hard, and the fishers’ cooperative sales-organizations that it authorized testify to this. Most of all, they helped to empower fishers in their economic transactions throughout the value chain. Since the RFA’s enactment, it has undergone reform that has somewhat changed the mandate of the sales-organizations, but the basic principles and functions remain. Although the historical context and institutional designs of the Raw Fish Act and the cooperative sales-organizations that it mandated, are unique, together they addressed a problem that small-scale fishers are experiencing in other parts of the world - one of poverty, marginalization and exploitation. The Raw Fish Act and the system of mandated, cooperative sales-organizations radically altered this predicament and turned the table in fishers’ favor. The question, therefore, is what lessons do the Norwegian example offer that might be emulated elsewhere?
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Wretling, Vincent, and Berit Balfors. "Are Local Authorities Building Their Capacity to Plan for Reduced Climate Impact? A Longitudinal Analysis of Swedish Comprehensive Plans." Land 10, no. 6 (June 18, 2021): 652. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land10060652.
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Spatial planning conducted by the local authorities has been identified as a key part of shaping carbon-neutral societies. Nevertheless, the question of whether local authorities are building their institutional capacity for integrating climate change mitigation aspects into spatial planning remains under-researched. This paper aims to fill this gap while also analysing the role of Strategic Environmental Assessment (SEA) in facilitating organisational learning. The methods employed were a longitudinal document analysis of Comprehensive Plans belonging to eight municipalities in Stockholm County, complemented by a focus group interview. A significant difference was identified, as the recently adopted Comprehensive Plans included more strategies for climate change mitigation and, to a greater extent, linked these strategies to reduced climate impact or energy efficiency than previously adopted Comprehensive Plans. However, numerous additional strategies could have been given further consideration in each studied Comprehensive Plan. Thus, this calls for more continuous and cyclical comprehensive planning processes to facilitate capacity building, primarily by being a vehicle for mobilising political support. Lastly, the findings indicate that SEA can lead to organisational learning of both single-loop and double-loop nature, where the latter can enable SEA to shape the planning process in a more profound and sustainability-oriented manner.
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Isaksson, Anders, and Henrik Linderoth. "Environmental considerations in the Swedish building and construction industry: the role of costs, institutional setting, and information." Journal of Housing and the Built Environment 33, no. 4 (January 23, 2018): 615–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10901-017-9588-8.
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Åkerfelt, Mia. "Type-planning a Fenno-Swedish identity. The housing association for the Swedish speaking areas of Finland and the ideal rural home between 1938 and 1969." SHS Web of Conferences 63 (2019): 01002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/shsconf/20196301002.
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Better housing for the rural population was an important part ofthe Finnish housing discussion in the 20th century. Between 1938 and 1969, Bostadsföreningen för svenska Finland (The housing association for the Swedish speaking areas of Finland) promoted rational housingfor the Fenno-Swedish minority. The construction of a collective identityfor a minority through dwelling ideals is the main focus of the article.Methods as identity process theory and perspectives on architecture and nationalism are used to interpret the material. Specific questions relate to how modernist architecture became a symbol when constructing an identity for a non-homogeneous minority. The housing association viewed modernist housing as a solution to a political and ideologicalproblem. With efficient homes, Fenno-Swedish farmers were less inclined to sell their homesteads to Finnish speakers and move to the cities, where they were assimilated into the Finnish culture. Mobility wasperceived as a threat to the minority, since it led to a loss of voters in areas of political importance. Modernist architecture combined with aesthetics from the vernacular building tradition were used to make thefarmers proud of their ancestral homes, willing to stay, securing theideological home of the Fenno-Swedes.
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BRICK, KAROLINA, and BJÖRN FROSTELL. "A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF TWO SWEDISH LCA-BASED TOOLS FOR PRACTICAL ENVIRONMENTAL EVALUATION OF BUILDINGS." Journal of Environmental Assessment Policy and Management 09, no. 03 (September 2007): 319–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1464333207002834.
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In Sweden, two LCA-based tools for the built environment have been developed the last years: the "Environmental Load Profile" and "EcoEffect". Both are standing in front of an implementation phase and it is therefore important that they may deliver credible and consistent results to end users and facilitate a transition to more environmentally benign building construction and administration. The present study looked at the differences in results that may appear when using the tools and where they come from. Applying the two tools for assessment of a new building on equal basis created differences in results. However, both tools pointed at energy use in the administration phase of the life cycle being the most significant factor for environmental impact, consistent with other studies. The results indicate that: (i) differences in material grouping and life expectancy for the construction materials used, (ii) differences in LCI-data used and (iii) different classification and characterisation models used, give rise to important differences.
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Mangold, Mikael, Magnus Österbring, Conny Overland, Tim Johansson, and Holger Wallbaum. "Building Ownership, Renovation Investments, and Energy Performance—A Study of Multi-Family Dwellings in Gothenburg." Sustainability 10, no. 5 (May 22, 2018): 1684. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su10051684.
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The European building stock was renewed at a rapid pace during the period 1950–1975. In many European countries, the building stock from this time needs to be renovated, and there are opportunities to introduce energy efficiency measures in the renovation process. Information availability and increasingly available analysis tools make it possible to assess the impact of policy and regulation. This article describes methods developed for analyzing investments in renovation and energy performance based on building ownership and inhabitant socio-economic information developed for Swedish authorities, to be used for the Swedish national renovations strategy in 2019. This was done by analyzing measured energy usage and renovation investments made during the last 30 years, coupled with building specific official information of buildings and resident area characteristics, for multi-family dwellings in Gothenburg (N = 6319). The statistical analyses show that more costly renovations lead to decreasing energy usage for heating, but buildings that have been renovated during the last decades have a higher energy usage when accounting for current heating system, ownership, and resident socio-economic background. It is appropriate to include an affordability aspect in larger renovation projects since economically disadvantaged groups are over-represented in buildings with poorer energy performance.
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Bishop, Elbert R., Christopher Wornum, and Martin Weiss. "Experience of Metropolitan Planning Organizations with Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act Financial Planning Requirements: Interviews and Analysis." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1606, no. 1 (January 1997): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/1606-01.
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The Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act of 1991 (ISTEA) requires metropolitan planning organizations (MPOs) to develop financially constrained metropolitan transportation plans and programs. FHWA officials believed that independent studies were needed if problems with the requirement were to be understood. A summary of findings of those studies along with an analysis by an FHWA official are presented. Financial planning requirements were found to be generally well received. Fiscal constraint requirements can be traumatic, but there is agreement that realistic programs are worth having. Reconciling costs with revenues was found to present MPOs with the most severe difficulties. Allowing contingency projects and revenue sources and smoothing the transportation improvement program amendment process can retain fiscal realism while diminishing the trauma of cost-revenue reconciliation. Underestimation of capital and operating and maintenance costs to balance a plan were found to be probable. Dissemination of “best practice” examples by FHWA and FTA and MPO self-policing appear to be the most likely corrective actions. It was found that few MPOs considered technologies to reduce operations and maintenance costs. Placement of such technologies will be slow. MPO personnel were found to have encountered more constraints than expected in using the modal flexibility provisions of ISTEA. More MPO regional coalition building will be needed to meet flexibility expectations. Despite availability, it was found that FHWA and FTA information, reports, and software concerning nonfederal sources of revenue were not obtained by officials desiring them. MPOs are encouraged to rely more on expert assistance to implement local funding sources.
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Zacchei, Enrico, and José Luis Molina. "Reviewing Arch-Dams’ Building Risk Reduction Through a Sustainability–Safety Management Approach." Sustainability 12, no. 1 (January 3, 2020): 392. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12010392.
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The importance of dams is rapidly increasing due to the impact of climate change on increasing hydrological process variability and on water planning and management need. This study tackles a review for the concrete arch-dams’ design process, from a dual sustainability/safety management approach. Sustainability is evaluated through a design optimization for dams´ stability and deformation analysis; safety is directly related to the reduction and consequences of failure risk. For that, several scenarios about stability and deformation, identifying desirable and undesirable actions, were estimated. More than 100 specific parameters regarding dam-reservoir-foundation-sediments system and their interactions have been collected. Also, a summary of mathematical modelling was made, and more than 100 references were summarized. The following consecutive steps, required to design engineering (why act?), maintenance (when to act) and operations activities (how to act), were evaluated: individuation of hazards, definition of failure potential and estimation of consequences (harm to people, assets and environment). Results are shown in terms of calculated data and relations: the area to model the dam–foundation interaction is around 3.0 Hd2, the system-damping ratio and vibration period is 8.5% and 0.39 s. Also, maximum elastic and elasto-plastic displacements are ~0.10–0.20 m. The failure probability for stability is 34%, whereas for deformation it is 29%.
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Wilkinson, Nicholas. "Editorial." Open House International 30, no. 1 (March 1, 2005): 4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ohi-01-2005-b0001.
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This first issue of 2005 contains a selection of some articles from the recent Open Building conference on Sustainable Environment held in Paris at the CSTB headquarters in September 2004. This issue signals the start of the regular publication of material dealing with Open Building projects either as additional articles in theme issues or as full open building issues twice a year. After more than thirty five years of experience Open Building is a recognizable part of mainstream Architecture in housing and in health care and renovation projects found in many different countries of the world. Open Building projects in general show how users are indispensable decision makers in the design process and act as forces of change and adaptability over time.
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Österlin, Carl, Peter Schlyter, and Ingrid Stjernquist. "Different Worldviews as Impediments to Integrated Nature and Cultural Heritage Conservation Management: Experiences from Protected Areas in Northern Sweden." Sustainability 12, no. 9 (April 26, 2020): 3533. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12093533.
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In the management of protected nature areas, arguments are being raised for increasingly integrated approaches. Despite an explicit ambition from the responsible managing governmental agencies, Swedish Environmental Protection Agency and Swedish National Heritage Board, attempts to initiate and increase the degree of integrated nature and cultural heritage conservation management in the Swedish mountains are failing. The delivery of environmental policy through the Swedish National Environmental Objective called Magnificent Mountains is dependent on increased collaboration between the state and local stakeholders. This study, using a group model building approach, maps out the system’s dynamic interactions between nature perceptions, values and the objectives of managing agencies and local stakeholders. It is identified that the dominance of a wilderness discourse influences both the objectives and management of the protected areas. This wilderness discourse functions as a barrier against including cultural heritage conservation aspects and local stakeholders in management, as wilderness-influenced objectives are defining protected areas as environments “untouched” by humans. A wilderness objective reduces the need for local knowledge and participation in environmental management. In reality, protected areas depend, to varying degrees, on the continuation of traditional land-use practices.
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La Fleur, Lina, Patrik Rohdin, and Bahram Moshfegh. "Energy Use and Perceived Indoor Environment in a Swedish Multifamily Building before and after Major Renovation." Sustainability 10, no. 3 (March 11, 2018): 766. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su10030766.
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Improved energy efficiency in the building sector is a central goal in the European Union and renovation of buildings can significantly improve both energy efficiency and indoor environment. This paper studies the perception of indoor environment, modelled indoor climate and heat demand in a building before and after major renovation. The building was constructed in 1961 and renovated in 2014. Insulation of the façade and attic and new windows reduced average U-value from 0.54 to 0.29 W/m2·K. A supply and exhaust ventilation system with heat recovery replaced the old exhaust ventilation. Heat demand was reduced by 44% and maximum supplied heating power was reduced by 38.5%. An on-site questionnaire indicates that perceived thermal comfort improved after the renovation, and the predicted percentage dissatisfied is reduced from 23% to 14% during the heating season. Overall experience with indoor environment is improved. A sensitivity analysis indicates that there is a compromise between thermal comfort and energy use in relation to window solar heat gain, internal heat generation and indoor temperature set point. Higher heat gains, although reducing energy use, can cause problems with high indoor temperatures, and higher indoor temperature might increase thermal comfort during heating season but significantly increases energy use.
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Stymne, Hans, Carl Axel Boman, and Johnny Kronvall. "Measuring ventilation rates in the Swedish housing stock." Building and Environment 29, no. 3 (July 1994): 373–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0360-1323(94)90037-x.
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Muyingo, Henry. "Organizational Challenges in the Adoption of Building Applied Photovoltaics in the Swedish Tenant-Owner Housing Sector." Sustainability 7, no. 4 (March 27, 2015): 3637–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su7043637.
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Shanshan, LI. "Post-Occupancy Investigation of two Open Building Projects." Open House International 40, no. 4 (December 1, 2015): 94–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ohi-04-2015-b0015.
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Under the concept that housing was an act instead of a product, John Habraken launched a campaign against mass housing in the 1960s. His counterattack was architecturally and institutionally developed afterwards, and fully expressed by the so-called Open Building, in which users could make decision regarding their dwellings and easily re-arrange them. A number of experimental projects were subsequently constructed worldwide. After years, the actual situation of use of these projects is, to a certain extent, unknown. Their facades may have faded, their pipelines may be ageing, and the design may be out of fashion. Correspondingly, various changes are expected. Could these changes be controlled in the original design? Were these projects enhanced after the changes? Did the users have a positive response? These questions are far from being answered. This article is based on the post-occupancy investigation of two Open Building projects, the “Molenvliet Project” in the Netherlands and the “Wuxi Experimental Project” in China, which played an exemplary role, especially in the early years. In this study, the users’ assessment of their living environment was highly emphasised, and the changes to the both exterior and interior were specifically recorded. The purpose of the investigation is to determine how the architects’ intention was practised, and to learn from them.
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Aronsson, Peter. "Swedish Rural Society and Political Culture: The Eighteenth- and Nineteenth-Century Experience." Rural History 3, no. 1 (April 1992): 41–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0956793300002922.
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In 1776, baron Salomon von Otter, governor of the neighbouring county of Halland and jus patronatus of the local parish, stood opposite the men of Öja parish at a meeting outside the church. The powerful nobleman was for the third time arguing for the praiseworthy and legally required task of building a combined school and poor-house in cooperation with the neighbouring parish (where he happened to own most of the land). The peasants of Ö for a third time refused, both in writing and orally, on the grounds of their alleged right to self-government. The baron continued with his persuasions, and presented the support he had from the local nobility, among them the bishop. He was still met with a firm refusal. Eventually the baron ordered that they should build the house, referring (probably without much legal foundation) to his position as jus patronatus. Now everybody surrendered, except one farmer who refused to join in the final decision. This fact was carefully noted by the local clergyman, together with assurances that this unwise stubbornness would not suffice to impede the project.
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Bohman, Anna, Erik Glaas, and Martin Karlson. "Integrating Sustainable Stormwater Management in Urban Planning: Ways Forward towards Institutional Change and Collaborative Action." Water 12, no. 1 (January 10, 2020): 203. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w12010203.
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Climate change impacts, ageing infrastructure and the increasing imperviousness of cities all raise enormous challenges to and call for new ways of planning for sustainable urban stormwater management. Especially, closer collaboration among a diverse set of actors involved has been pointed to as critical to enable the development of holistic and flexible approaches. However, the shift towards inclusive forms of planning has been slow, and characterized by technical and institutional lock-ins. Against this background, this study scrutinizes the challenges and developments perceived as central for improving stormwater planning, and analyzes how formal and informal institutional change could contribute to enhancing sustainability in this sector. Building on an analysis of data from workshops, interviews and a survey with Swedish planners and water managers, we suggest new strategies for integrating stormwater concerns into planning processes, overcoming silo structures, fostering cocreation cultures, and securing the continuation and implementation of stormwater management through various planning stages.
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Pardalis, Georgios, Krushna Mahapatra, Giangiacomo Bravo, and Brijesh Mainali. "Swedish House Owners’ Intentions Towards Renovations: Is there a Market for One-Stop-Shop?" Buildings 9, no. 7 (July 8, 2019): 164. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings9070164.
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In this paper, we examine factors affecting owners’ intention for renovation of their detached houses. Furthermore, we analyze their interest in choosing a one-stop-shop (OSS) service for the renovation, even though such a concept is not yet established in Sweden, but emerging in other parts of Europe. Our study is based on responses to an online questionnaire survey of 971 house owners residing in Kronoberg Region in Sweden. About 76% of the respondents intend to renovate in the near future, with approximately 71% of them preferring to renovate individual components of their dwelling and 5% to renovate their whole house in steps. House owners of younger age, higher income, higher education, and those with an interest for environmental issues, were the ones most interested in physical renovations, which improves energy efficiency of the building. For those house owners, one-stop-shop can facilitate the decision-making process, and help them to choose those measures that will improve their quality of life. Approximately 20% of the respondents had a positive view towards an one-stop-shop, which is an indicator that market for such a service exists. Parameters such as quality of work, cost and energy savings and specification of measures to be adopted are the key for the promotion of one-stop-shop. Additionally, house owners want to have a certain level of involvement in the selection of actors performing the renovation. Moreover, financial incentives, e.g., loans, do not play a significant role for the selection of one-stop-shop, but act as complementary motive for house owners.
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Oteng-Ababio, Martin, Maja van der Velden, and Mark B. Taylor. "Building Policy Coherence for Sound Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment Management in a Developing Country." Journal of Environment & Development 29, no. 3 (January 14, 2020): 306–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1070496519898218.
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This article explores the compatibility of Ghana’s e-waste policy (Act 917) in the country’s socioeconomic context. Our article starts with two main questions based on our empirical engagements with the act which, contextually, mimics the extended producer responsibility. First, we question the pessimistic imaginaries about the e-waste industry that seeks its outright trade ban or promotes a single version of recycling. Second, we query if the underlying assumptions and basic mechanisms of extended producer responsibility can create the enabling environment to actualize sound e-waste management. Based on prevailing context, the imaginaries appear socially peripheral, isolated, and powerless, and we call for a broader, unbiased, in-depth, critical systems thinking for understanding the complexities and multidimensional nature of the waste electrical and electronic equipment industry. We suggest that it is by fostering the positive synergies across sectors and among policies that environmentally sound e-waste policy outcomes can be achievable.
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Drottberger, Annie, Martin Melin, and Lotten Lundgren. "Alternative Food Networks in Food System Transition—Values, Motivation, and Capacity Building among Young Swedish Market Gardeners." Sustainability 13, no. 8 (April 18, 2021): 4502. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13084502.
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This study sheds light on a new generation of Swedish food producers, market gardeners, who are attracting attention in terms of food system sustainability, prompted by increasing consumer awareness about the value of healthy and locally produced food. Market gardening is part of a global agroecological movement opposed to industrialized agriculture and its negative impacts on the environment and rural communities. These food producers challenge the incumbent agri-food regime through the building of alternative food networks. This case-based study involving 14 young vegetable producers showed that young people who engage in market gardening are strongly motivated by dual incentives, namely entrepreneurship and transformation to sustainability. Six main competences were identified as important for market gardeners: practical skills related to growing vegetables, business management, innovation and continuous learning, systems thinking, pioneering, and networking. Individuals develop their skills through continuous experiential learning and gain knowledge through peer-to-peer learning using social media. However, they need to acquire certain skills relating to their daily work in the field and to managing a business. Market gardeners currently face a number of barriers erected by the sociopolitical environment, in particular regarding access to research-based knowledge, extension services, and business support.
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Ngaibiakching and Amba Pande. "India’s Act East Policy and ASEAN: Building a Regional Order Through Partnership in the Indo-Pacific." International Studies 57, no. 1 (December 22, 2019): 67–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0020881719885526.
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Over the past few decades, India’s security concerns have undergone a substantial change. With the formulation of the Look East Policy (LEP) in the 1990s, the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) as a regional entity became an essential component and a corridor for India’s outreach to Southeast Asia. In 2014, the LEP became more encompassing with a shift to the Act East Policy (AEP). The global security and economic environment too are witnessing significant changes with the USA taking a back seat, China’s aggressive positioning and the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) coupled with the emerging geopolitical construct of ‘Indo-Pacific’. The regional stakeholders, such as ASEAN, the USA, Japan, Australia and India are yet to form a unified stand on the Indo-Pacific concept as well as the regional security architecture. The AEP appropriately fits into the current scenario as India is set to take up a larger role in the regional security environment while keeping the centrality of ASEAN intact. New Delhi seeks to create a platform for mutual development in the Indo-Pacific and engage with like-minded nations in the quest for a rules-based order that promotes transparency, respect for sovereignty and international law, stability and free and fair-trade framework. India and ASEAN can be apt partners in the Indo-Pacific to play a constructive role and build a regional order.
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Rantanen, Annuska, and Juho Rajaniemi. "Urban planning in the post-zoning era: From hierarchy to self-organisation in the reform of the Finnish Land Use and Building Act." Environment and Planning B: Urban Analytics and City Science 47, no. 2 (December 13, 2019): 321–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2399808319893686.
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Encountering cities as complex systems has been pictured as both an intellectual challenge and an urge to reconceptualise planning practices accordingly. Statutory planning in Finland, like in many other European countries, is built on the principles of hierarchical three-level zoning and area reservation codes. The zoning system reflects two historical tasks: the industrialising society’s need to separate uses and the post-war desire for hierarchical administrative structures. Both these demands are rapidly losing their importance. The article focuses on current urban planning practices and planning rules, discussing their limitations to cope with urban complexity and self-organised dynamics, and aiming to develop new rules that could potentially turn complexity into an asset. Evolving digital technologies provide completely new opportunities for developing urban planning into a more transparent and interactive tool. In this framework, we set out to study the development potentials of planning rules in Finland, where the drafting of a new Land Use and Building Act is currently underway calling for a reassessment of the operative role of the planning system.
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Stepan, Karen, Lara Bashoura, Marina George, Wendy Griffith, Margaret Meyer, Nico Nortjé, Kristen Price, Donna S. Zhukovsky, and Maria Alma Rodriguez. "Building an Infrastructure and Standard Methodology for Actively Engaging Patients in Advance Care Planning." Journal of Oncology Practice 15, no. 12 (December 2019): e1085-e1091. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jop.18.00406.
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PURPOSE: With little to no infrastructure or standardized methodology in place to actively engage patients in advance care planning (ACP), The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center set out to identify needed resources, develop an intervention to improve ACP, and evaluate the intervention’s effects. METHODS: With the support of executive leadership, a multidisciplinary workgroup enlisted the support of ACP champions, performed a root-cause analysis, developed a detailed ACP process flow by provider role, developed patient and family education resources, and developed faculty and staff training materials. The workgroup also implemented two Plan-Do-Study-Act intervention cycles, which identified difficulty using the ACP note function in our electronic health record (EHR) as a barrier to ACP adoption. By educating patients, families, and providers and improving the EHR’s functionality, the workgroup aimed to increase the percentage of ambulatory patients with a diagnosis of advanced or metastatic cancer who had a documented ACP conversation with a provider by their third office visit. Our goal was to improve this percentage from 20% at baseline to 50% after the intervention. Data were obtained from our institution’s EHRs. RESULTS: The percentage of patients who had documented ACP conversations increased from 20% at baseline to 34% at the end of fiscal year 2017 and 54% at the end of fiscal year 2018. CONCLUSION: Owing to the dedicated efforts of many individuals across the institution, the postintervention goal was surpassed. Additional efforts to facilitate ACP conversations are ongoing.
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Harris, Britani N., and Thais da C. L. Alves. "Building information modeling and field operations: opportunities and challenges." Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering 47, no. 2 (February 2020): 153–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjce-2018-0415.
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Building information modeling (BIM) use in field operations to support daily activities during the construction phase is still lacking when compared with design and office-related activities like design, clash detection, estimating, and planning in the owner–architecture–engineering–construction (OAEC) industry. This study explores the use of BIM in field operations or lack thereof, identifies factors that either act as barriers to or promoters of BIM implementation in field operations, and identifies ways in which BIM implementation in field operations can be improved. The study was developed using a mixed-mode approach including case studies, interviews, and a survey, and using Lean construction-related literature to analyze the results. Findings support the importance of using BIM to visualize and plan field operations and prevent wasteful interactions between resources (workers, equipment, and time). Additionally, findings indicate that those who receive more training on BIM use tend to have more trust on its potential and use it more often.
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Guarasci, Bridget L. "THE ARCHITECTURE OF ENVIRONMENT: BUILDING HOUSES ALONG THE GREAT RIFT VALLEY IN JORDAN." International Journal of Middle East Studies 50, no. 3 (August 2018): 513–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0020743818000776.
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AbstractThis article analyzes the restoration of Jordan's UN Dana Biosphere Reserve cottages for ecotourism and home building in the neighboring village of Qadisiyya as competing land projects. Whereas a multimillion-dollar endowment from the United States Agency for International Development (USAID) restores Dana's houses as a “heritage” village for a tourist economy, families in Qadisiyya build houses with income from provisional labor to shore up a familial future. Each act of home building articulates a political claim to land. This article argues for attention to the architecture of the environment in the comparison of two, once-related villages. A comparative analysis of Dana and Qadisiyya reveals the competing socio-political objectives of home building for the future of Jordan and the implications of environment in that struggle.
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Fell, Terence, Tove Rydenstam, Benti Geleta Buli, Abby C. King, and Katarina Bälter. "Citizen Science in Sweden’s Stigmatized Neighborhoods." Sustainability 13, no. 18 (September 13, 2021): 10205. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su131810205.
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Based on the synthesis of outside versus inside perspectives, this paper weighs the positive attributes of the so-called deprived place against its negative media image. Applying the concept of territorial stigmatization, small-scale citizen science was conducted to gain a unique understanding of the Swedish neighborhood from within. With the United Nations’ Sustainable Development Goal 11 in mind, this approach enables researchers to reach otherwise difficult to access young urban outcasts and probe the potential to overcome their community’s lack of political influence. An overlap between local media narratives and urban outcasts’ perceptions of “drug and crime” and “football and school” was revealed. Yet, this first-generation study also painted a somewhat different picture of the stigmatized neighborhood, supplying new insights about places that matter most for marginalized young males. In this Swedish case, their pictures revealed that the local corner market, football court and youth club act as an antidote for the effects of stigmatization. This Our Voice citizen science initiative proved to be a good measure of two communities’ abilities to withstand stigmatization, which is either tainted by false perceptions from the outside or weakened by crime from within. Finally, attempting to bypass structural discrimination, citizen scientists’ findings and researchers’ conclusions were made available to students, colleagues and guests at a poster presentation hosted by Mälardalen University and to concerned politicians from Eskilstuna City Hall as well as the broader public via a local Swedish television station.
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Chojnacki, Hieronim. "„Tłumacz między kulturami” – o Macieju Zarembie-Bielawskim." Forum Filologiczne Ateneum, no. 1(8)2020 (November 1, 2020): 379–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.36575/2353-2912/1(8)2020.379.
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The paper refers to this trend of hermeneutics, whose representatives understand the interpretation as "articulated understanding". The texting, including paraphrase, the translation of someone else's language, is a prerequisite for the existence of cultural space, so that a critical view and cognitive verification of another narrative is possible. In the case of Maciej Zaremba, we are dealing with a reporter who writes Swedish about Swedes as an outsider, that is – keeping the distance and ability to see what the Swedes do not want or cannot see with their own eyes. It explores the areas of action of the "Swedish norm", visible from the outside, invisible "from the inside", just as the recognition of otherness and a peculiar value of some culture is possible for foreigners. Natives themselves are not able to recognize their standards (also assess) without the participation of outsiders. For Zaremba, writing is an act of disagreement with the uncritical acceptance of otherness, while using critical negation language and analytical tools with a more conceited intention than an overtly damning one. In this new incarnation, the author himself calls himself a "translator between cultures", whose strength lies in the fact that he has retained the ability to marvel, to expand his imagination and to seek new language means, to clearly separate facts from opinions. It is a vision of a man building a bridge between two cultures, and his ideal is subjects of resistance and non-toxic communication standards are his ideal.
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Brotherhood, Emilie, Philip Ball, Paul M. Camic, Caroline Evans, Nick Fox, Charlie Murphy, Fergus Walsh, et al. "Preparatory planning framework for Created Out of Mind: Shaping perceptions of dementia through art and science." Wellcome Open Research 2 (November 6, 2017): 108. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/wellcomeopenres.12773.1.
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Created Out of Mind is an interdisciplinary project, comprised of individuals from arts, social sciences, music, biomedical sciences, humanities and operational disciplines. Collaboratively we are working to shape perceptions of dementias through the arts and sciences, from a position within the Wellcome Collection. The Collection is a public building, above objects and archives, with a porous relationship between research, museum artefacts, and the public. This pre-planning framework will act as an introduction to Created Out of Mind. The framework explains the rationale and aims of the project, outlines our focus for the project, and explores a number of challenges we have encountered by virtue of working in this way.
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Nenno, Mary K. "Urban Policy Revisited—Issues Resurface with a New Urgency." Journal of Planning Literature 3, no. 3 (June 1988): 253–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/088541228800300301.
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In 1969, U.S. Senator Daniel Patrick Moynihan, then Director of President Nixon's Urban Affairs Council, began a new national process of looking at the urbanization of the United States. This process was confirmed in the Urban Policy Reports required of the President under the 1977 Housing and Community Development Act. President Carter's two reports (1978 and 1980) detailed specific national initiatives to deal with urban problems. President Reagan's reports (1982, 1984, 1986, and 1988) sublimated urban issues under macro economic and fiscal strategies. In 1988, complex urban issues identified by Moynihan are resurfacing with a new urgency, building demand for revitalized federal initiatives.
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Smith, David J. "The “Quadratic Nexus” Revisited: Nation-Building in Estonia Through the Prism of National Cultural Autonomy." Nationalities Papers 48, no. 2 (November 22, 2019): 235–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/nps.2018.38.
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AbstractThis article explores how the concept of minority national-cultural autonomy (NCA) has been defined and practiced in contemporary Estonia, combining data from interviews and previously unanalyzed archival sources to trace debates and policymaking processes back to 1988 and ascertain: why (and for whom) NCA was adopted; the functions ascribed to NCA institutions; and the effectiveness and legitimacy of the model in the eyes of different “noncore” ethnic communities. In so doing, the article uses NCA as a fresh lens for analyzing the more general politics of post-Soviet state and nation-building in the country, situating this case within the “Quadratic Nexus” framework. Estonia’s NCA law is generally viewed as irrelevant to ongoing issues of diversity governance in the country. However, Finnish and Swedish minority autonomies have been established and, in recent years, there have been three applications to establish a Russian NCA. None have been approved, and yet some authors see them as evidence that NCA could (and should) have a role to play in bringing about a more meaningful accommodation of ethnic diversity. Having reviewed the evidence, however, the article concludes that this claim is misplaced.
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Garrido-Velarde, Jacinto, María Montero-Parejo, Julio Hernández-Blanco, and Lorenzo García-Moruno. "Visual Analysis of the Height Ratio between Building and Background Vegetation. Two Rural Cases of Study: Spain and Sweden." Sustainability 10, no. 8 (July 24, 2018): 2593. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su10082593.
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The perception of apparent sizes of buildings in a rural environment depends on the height ratio between the building and its surrounding vegetation, and it is this parameter which is currently used to assess the built landscapes. The impact of a contrasting height is less strong if the building does not exceed the horizon line. For buildings overshooting the skyline, the building’s level of sharpness and number of lines in contrast to the sky determines the impact of the scales, and vegetation in the background helps to reduce impact. The specific objectives of the present study were: (1) finding height–ratio thresholds between building and background vegetation, which may improve the integration of rural buildings in sky-sensitive locations, and; (2) comparing the results in two rural contexts with very different climatic conditions: Spain and Sweden. A survey of eighteen scenarios (nine Spanish and nine Swedish), all digitally modified with different relative height ratios between vegetation and buildings, was performed. The survey was evaluated by the public from both countries. Regardless of the country of origin, integration of the building was good or very good when the vegetation in background did not exceed one half of the height of the construction. These results may be translated to technical criteria for planning assessment.