Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'The station Gate'
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Asco, Amadeo. "Constructive and evolutionary algorithms for airport baggage sorting station and gate assignment problems." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2013. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/13784/.
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Correct assignment of airport resources can greatly affect the quality of service which airlines and airports provide to their customers. Good assignments can help airlines and airports to keep to published schedules, by minimising changes in these schedules and reducing delays. Given the expected increases in civil air traffic, the complexities of resource scheduling and assignment continue to increase. For this reason, as well as the dynamic nature of the problems, scheduling and assignment are becoming increasingly more difficult. The assignment of baggage sorting stations to flights is one of the resource assignment problems at an airport, and like many other real world optimisation problems, it naturally has several objectives, which conflict with each other. A model of the problem is presented, different approaches to obtaining good solutions are looked at and studied to gain an insight into their qualities. Furthermore, algorithms are studied to improve the already good solutions obtained by the approaches considered and their performance is studied where some characteristics of the problem change, such as the number of baggage sorting stations or the topology of the airport. Changes to the flight schedule on the day of operation may invalidate previous assignments of flights to resources. These perturbations may not only affect the disrupted flights but also other flights already assigned. Some existing approaches are looked at, and others are suggested to take account of these potential perturbations at the time the assignments are generated with the aim of mitigating their detrimental effect on the day of operation. The constructive search algorithms and robustness methods are potentially important in a wider variety of problems other than the Airport Baggage Sorting Station Assignment Problem (ABSSAP). By way of illustration, the same techniques are applied to the widely studied Airport Gate Assignment Problem (AGAP).
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Ammersdörfer, Sandra [Verfasser]. "Keeping the gate - experience-dependent neuronal plasticity and stability in an output station of the amygdala / Sandra Ammersdörfer." Hannover : Bibliothek der Tierärztlichen Hochschule Hannover, 2012. http://d-nb.info/102433855X/34.
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Polk, David Glen. "Borders and Bandaids." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/56570.
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thresh-old
noun `thresh-`hold, `thre-`shold
_the sill of a doorway
_the entrance to a house or building
_any place or point of entering or beginning
A threshold can be understood as the visible or invisible division and
demarcation of space. It is an age-old concept tracing back even to the
first notions of urban space. The largest scaled gestures of thresholds are
those lines and walls that divide nations and territories. All complexities
of past and current geopolitical tensions simply derive from the
interpretations and implementation of the walls and geopolitical lines or
lineaments. It is therefore crucial to comprehend the concept of lineaments
on every scale, as it is the base idea that permeates all design. It is design
in its purest form.
The following architectural argument will explore Leon Battista Albert's
theory of lineaments, particularly the wall as an architectural element, as he
spells out in his architectural treatise On the Art of Building in Ten Books.
A closer look at Alberti's treatise and the idea of lineaments will help to
better refine the definition and implementation of international borders
and treatises. Reconsideration of a lineament in the slightest form has
the potential to drastically change the execution and enforcement of a
lineament in tangible materials and their assembly during construction.
The chosen design proposes a new U.S.-Mexico Joint Land Port of Entry
along the border of Columbus, New Mexico, United State of America, and
Puerto Palomas, Chihuahua, MexicoMaster of Architecture
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Trněný, Michal. "Návrh rekonstrukce jezu Přízřenice na řece Svratce." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta stavební, 2017. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-265399.
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The Diploma Thesis deals with the design of rekonstruction of the controlled weir ´´Prizrenice“ on the river Svratka to a new gate weir structure. The first part focuses on teoretical intro and the processing of data on the area of interest and the selection of appropriate design solution for the reconstruction of the weir, where there are described several types of movable gate. As a part of sollution, there will be design of small hydro power station. At the end of this part the current condition of the buildings and the channel of the Svratka river in the area of interest is evaluated. In the second part, the Thesis deals with the design of the gate weir structure and its subsequent assessment. At first, the solid substructure and the height of the gate is designed and assessed. Subsequently, the stilling basin is designed and in conclusion, the overall stability of the designed structure is assessed.
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Zeeman, Estelle. "The development of a community radio station for a national game park." Thesis, Pretoria : [s.n.], 2006. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-12152006-140558.
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Ståhl, Fanny, and Hanna Holmgren. "Animated vs. Static graphics in a video game : How does animated and static graphics affect the user experience in a game?" Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för datavetenskap, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-132313.
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Animation in video game graphics is in some cases a necessity for the game’s mechanics to beproperly communicated to the player. In other cases, it is purely an addition to the game’s expression.In the cases where gameplay is not dependant on animation, how exactly does the animationaffect the gameplay experience? This study examines whether or not there are differencesin user experience when static and animated graphic are compared to one another. To do this,30 test participants played two versions of the same game - one with almost exclusively staticgraphic, and one including more animated graphical elements. The test persons were observedduring the test, and answered questionnaires which examined their emotions using the PANAS-Xquestionnaire and levels of immersion using the Immersive Experience Questionnaire. Wealso included a demographic questionnaire to collect data on the participants’ backgrounds, incase it had any impact on the tests and the overall results. The results of the test showed thatthe two versions did not differ much in how they were perceived - not in emotional responsenor feelings of immersion. Despite this, the preference of the users were weighed towards theanimated version. The reason for this can not be concluded with help of the data collected.
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Kovařík, Viktor. "IoT systém pro domácnost." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta informačních technologií, 2020. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-417285.
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The aim of this thesis was to learn and summarize basic information about IoT systems, which protocols are used and introduction of Google Home system. The first part of the thesis describes the individual parts of the system --- microcontrollers, sensors, light elements and possible systems for backend. In the implementation part of the thesis was designed a solution for smart home controling using Google Home technology. Based on data from the weather station, the system controls and adjusts the intensity of outdoor lighting and controls the blinds. Furthermore, a control module for gate and garage door control is implemented. The system also takes care of vacuum cleaning in the house using iRobot Roomba vacuum cleaners with custom Wi-Fi module. The final part of the thesis summarizes the achieved results.
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Mahfoud, Ali. "L'experimentation architecturale des gares en Europe : interaction entre image, usage et technique." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018STRAG036.
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La gare est une charnière entre les techniques liées aux transports et les lieux qu'elle dessert. Elle profite aujourd'hui de son image pour marquer des nouveaux symboles dans la ville tout en assurant la qualité et l'originalité de ses espaces pour s'adapter à l'évolution des modes de vie, des temporalités et des mobilités urbaines. Les villes européennes sont à nouveau perçues à partir de leur gare. Compte-tenu de leur taille et de leur organisation spatiale, ainsi que de la complexité des rapports qu'elles instaurent avec les quartiers environnants, les gares européennes d'aujourd'hui sont a considérer comme des lieux à fort potentiel expérimental qui reflètent à la fois les avancées techniques et leur traduction dans des espaces de qualité. Cette étude se centralise autour de la question de I' « Europe de la grande vitesse » et des exemples innovants et intéressants des nouveaux bâtiments qui la symbolisent. Elle vise à comprendre les programmes les plus innovants en termes d'interaction entre technique, image et usage. Quelles sont donc les leçons de leur histoire et comment les gares sont-elles intégrées dans leurs contextes urbains ? Et aussi quelles techniques et programmes architecturaux pourraient être les plus adaptés à la prochaine évolution des transports pour les pays qui n'ont pas encore investi dans les réseaux ferrés ?The railway station is a hinge between the techniques related to transport and the places it serves. Today, it benefits from its image to mark new symbols in the city while ensuring the quality and originality of its spaces to adapt to changing lifestyles, temporalities and urban mobility. European cities are again perceived from their train station. Given their size and spatial organization, as well as the complexity of the relationships they establish with the surrounding neighborhoods, today's European railway stations are to be considered as places with high experimental potential which reflect the time technical advances and their translation into spaces of quality.This study is centered around the question of "Europe of high speed" and innovative and interesting examples of new buildings that symbolize it. lt aims to understand the most innovative programs in terms of interaction between technique, image and use. What are the lessons of their history and how are the stations integrated in their urban contexts ? And also what architectural techniques and programs couId be most suitable for the next evolution of transport for countries that have not yet invested in rail networks ?
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Moldovan, Oana. "Devenlopment of Compact Small Signal Quasi Static Models for Multiple Gate Mosfets." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/8459.
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En esta tesis hemos desarrollado los modelos compactos explícitos de carga y de capacitancia adaptados para los dispositivos dopados y no dopados de canal largo (DG MOSFETs dopados, DG MOSFETs no dopados, UTB MOSFETs no dopados y SGT no dopados) de un modelo unificado del control de carga derivado de la ecuación de Poisson. El esquema de modelado es similar en todos estos dispositivos y se adapta a cada geometría. Los modelos de la C.C. y de la carga son completamente compatibles. Las expresiones de la capacitancia se derivan del modelo de la carga. La corriente, la carga total y las capacitancias se escriben en términos de las densidades móviles de la carga en los extremos de fuente y drenador del canal. Las expresiones explícitas e infinitamente continuas se utilizan para las densidades móviles de la carga en la fuente y drenador. Las capacitancias modeladas demuestran el acuerdo excelente con las simulaciones numéricas 2D y 3D (SGT), en todos los regímenes de funcionamiento. Por lo tanto, el modelo es muy prometedor para ser utilizado en simuladores del circuito. Desafortunadamente, no mucho trabajo se ha dedicado a este dominio de modelado. Las cargas analíticas y las capacitancias, asociadas a cada terminal se prefieren en la simulación de circuito. Con respecto al SGT MOSFET, nuestro grupo fue el primero en desarrollar y publicar un modelo de las cargas y de las capacitancias intrínsecas, que es también analítico y explícito. La tesis es organizada como sigue: el capítulo (1) presenta el estado del arte, capítulo (2) el modelado compacto de los cuatro dispositivos: DG MOSFETs dopados, DG MOSFETs no dopados, UTB MOSFETs no dopados y SGT no dopados; en el capítulo (3) estudiamos las capacitancias de fricción en MuGFETs. Finalmente el capítulo (4) resuma el trabajo hecho y los futuros objetivos que necesitan ser estudiados. Debido a la limitación de los dispositivos optimizados disponibles para el análisis, la simulación numérica fue utilizada como la herramienta principal del análisis. Sin embargo, cuando estaban disponibles, medidas experimentales fueron utilizadas para validar nuestros resultados. Por ejemplo, en la sección 2A, en el caso de DG MOSFETs altamente dopados podríamos comparar nuestros resultados con datos experimentales de FinFETs modelados como DG MOSFETs. La ventaja principal de este trabajo es el carácter analítico y explícito del modelo de la carga y de la capacitancia que las hace fácil de implementar en simuladores de circuitos. El modelo presenta los resultados casi perfectos para diversos casos del dopaje y para diversas estructuras no clásicas del MOSFET (los DG MOSFETs, los UTB MOSFETs y los SGTs). La variedad de las estructuras del MOSFET en las cuales se ha incluido nuestro esquema de modelado y los resultados obtenidos, demuestran su validez absoluta. En el capítulo 3, investigamos la influencia de los parámetros geométricos en el funcionamiento en RF de los MuGFETs. Demostramos el impacto de parámetros geométricos importantes tales como el grosor de la fuente y del drenador o, el espaciamiento de las fins, la anchura del espaciador, etc. en el componente parásito de la capacitancia de fricción de los transistores de la múltiple-puerta (MuGFET). Los resultados destacan la ventaja de disminuir el espaciamiento entre las fins para MuGFETs y la compensación entre la reducción de las resistencias parásitas de fuente y drenador y el aumento de capacitancias de fricción cuando se introduce la tecnología del crecimiento selectivo epitaxial (SEG). La meta de nuestro estudio y trabajo es el uso de nuestros modelos en simuladores de circuitos. El grupo de profesor Aranda, de la Universidad de Granada ha puesto el modelo actual de SGT en ejecución en el simulador Agilent ADS y buenos resultados fueron obtenidos.
In this thesis we have developed explicit compact charge and capacitance models adapted for doped and undoped long-channel devices (doped Double-Gate (DG) MOSFETs, undoped DG MOSFETs, undoped Ultra-Thin-Body (UTB) MOSFETs and undoped Surrounding Gate Transistor (SGT)) from a unified charge control model derived from Poisson's equation. The modelling scheme is similar in all these devices and is adapted to each geometry. The dc and charge models are fully compatible. The capacitance expressions are derived from the charge model. The current, total charges and capacitances are written in terms of the mobile charge sheet densities at the source and drain ends of the channel. Explicit and infinitely continuous expressions are used for the mobile charge sheet densities at source and drain. As a result, all small signal parameters will have an infinite order of continuity. The modeled capacitances show excellent agreement with the 2D and 3D (SGT) numerical simulations, in all operating regimes. Therefore, the model is very promising for being used in circuit simulators.
Unfortunately, not so much work has been dedicated to this modelling domain. Analytical charges and capacitances, associated with each terminal are preferred in circuit simulation. Regarding the surrounding-gate MOSFET, our group was the first to develop and publish a model of the charges and intrinsic capacitances, which is also analytic and explicit. The thesis is organized as follows: Chapter (1) presents the state of the art, Chapter (2) the compact modeling of the four devices: doped DG MOSFETs, undoped DG MOSFETs, undoped UTB MOSFETs and undoped SGT; in Chapter (3) we study the fringing capacitances in MuGFETs. Finally Chapter (4) summarizes the work done and the future points that need to be studied.
Due to the limitation of available optimized devices for analysis, numerical simulation was used as the main analysis tool. However, when available, measurements were used to validate our results. The experimental part was realised at the Microelectronics Laboratory, Université Catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la Neuve, Belgium.
For example, in section 2A, in the case of highly-doped DG MOSFETs we could compare our results with experimental data from FinFETs modeled as DG MOSFETs. The main advantage of this work is the analytical and explicit character of the charge and capacitance model that makes it easy to implement in circuit simulators. The model presents almost perfect results for different cases of doping (doped/undoped devices) and for different non classical MOSFET structures (DG MOSFET, UTB MOSFETs and SGT). The variety of the MOSFET structures in which our modeling scheme has been included and the obtained results, demonstrate its absolute validity.
In chapter 3, we investigate the influence of geometrical parameters on the RF performance in MuGFETs. We show the impact of important geometrical parameters such as source and drain thickness, fin spacing, spacer width, etc. on the parasitic fringing capacitance component of multiple-gate field-effect transistors (MuGFET). Results highlight the advantage of diminishing the spacing between fins for MuGFETs and the trade-off between the reduction of parasitic source and drain resistances and the increase of fringing capacitances when Selective Epitaxial Growth (SEG) technology is introduced.
The goal of our study and work is the usage of our models in circuit simulators. This part, of implementing and testing our models of these multi gate MOSFET devices in circuit simulators has already begun. The group of Professor Aranda, from the University of Granada has implemented the SGT current model in the circuit simulator Agilent ADS and good results were obtained.
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Roudier, Emilie. "Quand la ville moyenne entre en gare : des projets entre mimétisme métropolitain et recompositions territoriales." Thesis, Paris Est, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PESC0040/document.
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Depuis la fin des années 1990, de nombreux projets d’aménagement sont lancés dans et autour des gares centrales des villes françaises, encouragés à la fois par des évolutions de l’offre de transport, des politiques publiques et des stratégies des acteurs ferroviaires. Ces projets visent à transformer les gares, au sens stricto-sensu du bâtiment historique, mais aussi à requalifier leurs abords immédiats et/ou leur quartier. La notion de « pôle gare », introduite dans la recherche, désigne ces trois espaces et leurs interdépendances. Si la recherche urbaine a principalement étudié les projets des grandes gares parisiennes et des métropoles régionales, cette thèse s’intéresse à ceux conduits dans les villes moyennes, dont plus de soixante pôles gares ont fait l’objet de réaménagements. Ces projets s’inscrivent toutefois dans des contextes locaux singuliers marqués par des dynamiques socioéconomiques souvent plus limitées et la modestie des ressources financières et techniques des collectivités locales. Cette thèse entend ainsi analyser le décalage entre les enjeux, acteurs et modalités de programmation et de conduite de projet dans les grandes villes avec ce qui est observé dans les villes moyennes, afin de révéler les formes de territorialisation de l’action publique locale en matière d’aménagement des gares. Une comparaison a été réalisée entre les projets de trois pôles gares de villes moyennes françaises (Saintes, Périgueux et Saint-Omer), sur la base d’une enquête qualitative. Celle-ci est fondée en partie sur une immersion dans un bureau d’études qui conseille les collectivités dans l’élaboration de ce type de projets, complétée par des entretiens semi-directifs réalisés avec les différentes parties-prenantes. Les résultats montrent que les projets des villes moyennes sont loin d’être une simple reproduction, en plus petits, des projets métropolitains, même s’ils s’appuient sur les mêmes objectifs et - partiellement -sur les mêmes systèmesd’acteurs. La conduite de projet des collectivités locales se caractérise par des contraintes financières, techniques et politiques qui ont des conséquences dans l’ensemble du dispositif partenarial et leur conception est régie par desstratégies d’aménagement différentes, notamment en matière d’articulation des polarités, de coordination entre urbanisme et transport et de programmation avec une valorisation des aménagements fonctionnels et qualitatifs. De cette façon, cette thèse contribue à enrichir le regard posé sur les villes moyennes et à formuler une grille de lecture originale de la territorialisation de l’action publique localeSince the end of the 1990s, a number of urban planning initiatives have been launched in and around French train stations, fueled by the evolution of transportation modes and services, public policies and changing strategies from railway operators. These initiatives have ambitioned to transform railway stations, altering the historical definition of the word, and extending this transformation to their immediate surroundings and neighborhoods. The notion of “station cluster”, presented in this paper, defines these three areas and the interlinkages that exist between them. While past theses have mainly studied projects focused on Paris’ main railway stations and major urban areas, this thesis shines the spotlight on station clusters redevelopments in medium-sized cities. More than sixty different such projects have been studied for this paper, each anchored in unique local contexts, marked by more limiting socioeconomic dynamics and by the modest financial and technical resources found in these local communities. This thesis therefore intends to analyze the gap between local issues, actors, zoning requirements and project management in major urban cores and their adjustment for medium-sized cities to try and reveal forms of adaptation and regionalization of public policies in regards to the planning of railway station projects. A comparison was made between the station clusters of three medium sized French cities (Saintes, Périgueux and Saint-Omer) based on a qualitative survey partly grounded in the involvement with a transportation consulting office working with local urban planning authorities and the conducting of semi-directive interviews with project actors. The results have shown that mid-sized city projects, while pursuing similar goals, and partially relying on the same players, are not the simple, yet shrinked, reproduction of major metropolitan projects. This thesis therefore contributes in putting the spotlight on medium-sized cities as well as providing an original reading grid of local public policies and actions
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Meyer, Steven J. "TELEMETRY GROUND STATION CONFIGURATION FOR THE JOINT ADVANCED MISSILE INSTRUMENTATION (JAMI) TIME SPACE POSITION INFORMATION (TSPI) UNIT (JTU)." International Foundation for Telemetering, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/604888.
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ITC/USA 2005 Conference Proceedings / The Forty-First Annual International Telemetering Conference and Technical Exhibition / October 24-27, 2005 / Riviera Hotel & Convention Center, Las Vegas, NevadaThe Joint Advance Missile Instrumentation (JAMI) program has developed a Time Space Position Information (TSPI) unit (JTU). The JTU employs a novel use of GPS technology and inertial measurement units (IMU) to provide a real time trajectory for high dynamic missile systems. The GPS system can function during high g maneuvers that an air-to-air missile might encounter. The IMU is decoupled from the GPS sensor. The IMU data is a secondary navigation source for the JTU and will provide platform attitude. The GPS data and IMU data are sent to the ground in a telemetry packet called TUMS (TSPI Unit Message Structure). The TUMS packet is sent to a computer that hosts the JAMI Data Processing (JDP) software, which performs a Kalmam filter on the GPS and IMU data to provide a real-time TSPI solution to the range displays. This paper focuses on the equipment and software needed at a telemetry ground station to display the real time TPSI solution on the range displays. It includes an overview of the system data flow. This overview should help a potential user of the system understand what is involved in running the JAMI system. The post mission tools to provide an accurate trajectory and end-game scoring will not be discussed in this paper.
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Zeng, Xin. "Comparative Statics Analysis of Some Operations Management Problems." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/39178.
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We propose a novel analytic approach for the comparative statics analysis of
operations management problems on the capacity investment decision and the
influenza (flu) vaccine composition decision. Our approach involves exploiting
the properties of the underlying mathematical models, and linking those
properties to the concept of stochastic orders relationship. The use of
stochastic orders allows us to establish our main results without restriction
to a specific distribution. A major strength of our approach is that it is
"scalable," i.e., it applies to capacity investment decision problem with any
number of â non-independentâ (i.e., demand or resource sharing) products and
resources, and to the influenza vaccine composition problem with any number of
candidate strains, without a corresponding increase in computational effort.
This is unlike the current approaches commonly used in the operations
management literature, which typically involve a parametric analysis followed
by the use of the implicit function theorem. Providing a rigorous framework
for comparative statics analysis, which can be applied to other problems that
are not amenable to traditional parametric analysis, is our main contribution.
We demonstrate this approach on two problems: (1) Capacity investment
decision, and (2) influenza vaccine composition decision. A comparative
statics analysis is integral to the study of these problems, as it allows
answers to important questions such as, "does the firm acquire more or less
of the different resources available as demand uncertainty increases? does the
firm benefit from an increase in demand uncertainty? how does the vaccine
composition change as the yield uncertainty increases?" Using our proposed
approach, we establish comparative statics results on how the newsvendor's
expected profit and optimal capacity decision change with demand risk and
demand dependence in multi-product multi-resource newsvendor networks; and how
the societal vaccination benefit, the manufacturer's profit, and the vaccine
output change with the risk of random yield of strains.Ph. D.
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Boumoud, Abdelhakim. "La grande gare contemporaine et le labyrinthe du transport multimodal : vers une nouvelle approche de la lisibilité, l'exemple de la gare de la Part-Dieu à Lyon." Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00956736.
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Depuis son apparition au milieu du XIXe siècle, la gare ferroviaire n'a cessé de se métamorphoser et de se complexifier. Ce long processus a conduit à une " labyrinthification " spatiale, temporelle et fonctionnelle de ces grands équipements métropolitains. Ce phénomène pose un problème de lisibilité des espaces et se traduit notamment par la complexification des cheminements et la désorientation des usagers. Depuis quelques années, ces questions deviennent des préoccupations majeures pour les concepteurs et les gestionnaires, qui n'arrivent pas toujours à y répondre de manière efficace. La recherche propose une approche à la fois théorique et méthodologique des questions de " lisibilité " et d' " accessibilité " des espaces de la grande gare contemporaine autour du concept de " wayfinding ". On cherche à identifier les facteurs qui influencent les expériences de passage en gare et génèrent ou accompagnent les situations de désorientation et de confusion en s'appuyant notamment sur l'analyse des commentaires verbaux et des parcours filmés de volontaires à l'intérieur de la gare de la Part-Dieu à Lyon. Les travaux ont permis de mettre en évidence la complexité des facteurs à prendre en compte dans l'analyse de la lisibilité des espaces de la gare et des cheminements piétons : caractéristiques physiques et sensibles des lieux, degré d'efficacité de la signalétique, caractéristiques individuelles voyageur, compétences cognitives et perceptives, profil émotionnel, habilités spatiales et personnalité. Ils permettent d'imaginer une nouvelle approche de la conception des grandes gares contemporaines.
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Engqvist, Thérèse. "Avledning av öringsmolt (Salmo trutta) från turbinintag." Thesis, Karlstads universitet, Fakulteten för samhälls- och livsvetenskaper, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-3382.
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Vattenkraftstationer, med dammar och turbiner, utgör hinder för nedströmsvandrande smolt. Syftet med denna studie var att undersöka turbindödligheten för öringsmolt (Salmo trutta) vid två kraftstationer, de befintliga ytlänsarnas avledningseffekt och om effekten kunde förstärkas genom mörkläggning i form av övertäckning av kraftkanalen med en presenning vid turbinintaget. Utöver detta var avsikten även att undersöka om det fanns något samband mellan smoltgrad och smoltens förmåga att förflytta sig mot havet. I Emån i Småland fångades 46 öringsmolt som radiomärktes och sattes ut vid två kraftstationer och pejlades dagligen i sex veckor. Det var en större dödlighet vid den övre stationen än vid den nedre. Ytlänsen vid den nedre stationen hade en klart avledande effekt, men inte ytlänsen vid den övre stationen. Samtliga smolt som valde passage via isutskovet, gjorde det när kraftkanalen vid turbinintaget var övertäckt med presenning (d.v.s. ljusintensiteten minskades kraftigt). Det gick inte att påvisa någon skillnad mellan låg och hög smoltgrad eller tidig och sen utsättning för fördröjning vid den ena kraftstationen, inte heller för förflyttning efter de två kraftstationerna.Hydropower plants, with dams and turbines, form obstacles to smolts migrating downstream. The purpose of this study was to investigate turbine-induced mortality of brown trout (Salmo trutta) smolts at two power plants, guidance efficiency of existing diverters and whether the effect was enhanced by reducing light levels at the turbine intake by covering the power plant channel with an opaque tarpaulin. Furthermore, the aim was to investigate whether there was a relationship between smolt status and the smolts’ ability to move towards the sea. In the River Emån in Småland 46 trout smolts were caught, radio-tagged, released at two power plants and tracked daily for six weeks. There was a higher mortality at the upper power plant than at the lower one. The diverter at the lower power plant had a statistically significant guiding effect, but the diverter at the upper power plant did not. All of the smolts that chose passage through the trash gate did so when the power channel was covered with tarpaulin (i.e. light levels were greatly reduced). There was no evidence that smolt status or release date would affect passage times at the upper station, nor did smolt status affect swimming speeds downstream of the two power stations.
Cost-Benefit Analysis of River Regulation
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Velissariou, Vasilia. "Examination of the Barotropic Behavior of the Princeton Coastal Ocean Model in Lake Erie, Using Water Elevations From Gage Stations and Topex/Poseidon Altimeters." The Ohio State University, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1252401353.
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Bai, Lijie. "Ordonnancement des trains dans une gare complexe et à forte densité de circulation." Thesis, Ecole centrale de Lille, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015ECLI0017/document.
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Cette thèse porte sur l'ordonnancement des trains dans les gares complexes en forte densité de circulation. L'objet se situe à la réalisation d'un outil pour aider les managers de la gare à générer un tableau des horaires sans-conflits dans un journée. Le management des circulations ferroviaires dans la gare demande l'ordonnancement soigneux pour adapter les ressources limités, en évitant les conflits entre les trains et satisfaisant l'objectif et les politiques économiques et de la sécurité en même temps. D'après les méthodes appliquées en recherche opérationnelle et les expériences professionnelles, une modèle mathématique applicable aux gares différentes est construit pour formaliser le problème de l'ordonnancement des trains contenant la topologie de la gare, activités des trains, contraintes de planification et objectives. Comme un problème à grande échelle, l'ordonnancement des trains dans un journée est décomposé en sous-problèmes traitables dans l'ordre du temps par sliding window algorithme accumulé. Chaque sous-problème est résolu par branch-and-bound de CPLEX. Afin d'accélérer le calcul des sous-problèmes, tri-level optimisation méthode est construit pour offrir une solution optimale locale dans un temps de calcul assez court. Cette solution est donnée à branch-and-bound comme une solution initiale.Ce système consiste à vérifier la faisabilité des horaires donnés à la gare. Les trains avec les conflits insolvables sont retournés à l'origine de ces trains avec les modifications des heures proposées. Déviations des trains commerciaux sont minimisées pour diminuer la propagation du délai dans le réseau ferroviaireThis thesis focuses on the trains platforming problem within busy and complex railway stations and aims to develop a computerized dispatching support tool for railway station dispatchers to generate a full-day conflict-free timetable. The management of rail traffic in stations requires careful scheduling to fit to the existing infrastructure, while avoiding conflicts between large numbers of trains and satisfying safety or business policy and objectives. Based on operations research techniques and professional railway expertise, we design a generalized mathematical model to formalize the trains platforming problem including topology of railway station, trains' activities, dispatching constraints and objectives. As a large-scale problem, full-day platforming problem is decomposed into tractable sub-problems in time order by cumulative sliding window algorithm. Each sub-problem is solved by branch-and-bound algorithm implemented in CPLEX. To accelerate calculation process of sub-problems, tri-level optimization model is designed to provide a local optimal solution in a rather short time. This local optimum is provided to branch-and bound algorithm as an initial solution.This system is able to verify the feasibility of tentative timetable given to railway station. Trains with unsolvable conflicts will return to their original activity managers with suggestions for the modification of arrival and departure times. Time deviations of commercial trains' activities are minimized to reduce the delay propagation within the whole railway networks
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Silva, Monique Helen Santos. "Le patrimoine industriel comme vecteur de requalification urbain à Rio de Janeiro: le cas de la Gare Leopoldina et ses alentours." Master's thesis, Universidade de Évora, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10174/31065.
Full textAbstract:
O Patrimônio industrial como vetor de requalificação urbana no Rio de Janeiro: o caso da estação Leopoldina e de seu entorno
Resumo:
Este projecto coloca em causa os desafios para a reabertura da estação Leopoldina através da análise das suas fragilidades e potencialidades, afim que ela possa servir como vector para a requalificação do seu entorno e como modelo para a recuperação dos exemplares do património edificado industrial do porto do Rio de Janeiro. Também conhecida como estação Barão de Mauá, o edifício está localizado no bairro do Santo Cristo, que faz parte da região portuária do Rio de Janeiro, na região sudeste do Brasil. Construída em 1926, a estação Leopoldina foi escolhida como objecto de investigação devido ao seu valor histórico, arquitectónico e por ter sido um edifício de grande importância para a conexão do território, mas que sofreu tardiamente os efeitos da tentativa de extinção do sistema ferroviário brasileiro; Le patrimoine industriel comme vecteur de réqualification urbain à Rio de Janeiro: le cas de la gare Leopoldina et ses alentours
Résumé:
Ce présent projet s’interroge à propos des défis pour la réouverture de la gare Leopoldina à traves de l'analyse des faiblesses et des potentiels, pour qu’elle puisse servir de vecteur à la requalification de ses environs et comme modèle pour la récupération d’autres patrimoines industrielles bâti du port de Rio de Janeiro. Aussi connu comme gare Barão de Mauá, elle est située au quartier de Santo Cristo, qui fait partie de la région portuaire de Rio de Janeiro, une ville dans la région sud-est du Brésil. Bâti en 1926, la Gare Leopoldina a été choisie comme objet de recherche en raison de sa valeur historique, architectural et pour avoir été un bâtiment d’une grande importance pour la connexion du territoire, qui a souffert tardivement des effets de la tentative d'extinction du système ferroviaire brésilien; Industrial heritage as a vector for urban requalification in Rio de Janeiro: the case of the Leopoldina station and its surroundings
Abstract:
This present project examines the challenges for the reopening of the Leopoldina railway station through the analysis of its weaknesses and potentials, so that it can serve as a vector for the requalification of its surroundings and as a model for the recovery of other industrial built heritage by the port of Rio de Janeiro. Also known as Barão de Mauá railway station, it is located in the Santo Cristo district, which is part of the port region of Rio de Janeiro, a city in the southeast region of Brazil. Built in 1926, the Leopoldina railway station was chosen as an object of research because of its historical and architectural value and for having been a building of great importance for the connection of the territory, which belatedly suffered the effects of the attempted extinction of the Brazilian railway system.
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Brandt, Rasmus. "Distributed Coordination in Multiantenna Cellular Networks." Doctoral thesis, KTH, Signalbehandling, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-184179.
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Wireless communications are important in our highly connected world. The amount of data being transferred in cellular networks is steadily growing, and consequently more capacity is needed. This thesis considers the problem of downlink capacity improvement from the perspective of multicell coordination. By employing multiple antennas at the transmitters and receivers of a multicell network, the inherent spatial selectivity of the users can be exploited in order to increase the capacity through linear precoding and receive filtering. For the coordination between cells, distributed algorithms are often sought due to their low implementation complexity and robustness. In this context, the thesis considers two problem domains: base station clustering and coordinated precoding. Base station clustering corresponds to grouping the cell base stations into disjoint clusters in order to reduce the coordination overhead. This is needed in intermediate-sized to large networks, where the overhead otherwise would be overwhelmingly high. Two solution methods for the clustering problem are proposed: an optimal centralized method, as well as a heuristic distributed method. The optimal method applies to a family of throughput models and exploits the structure of the model to find bounds that can be used to focus the search for the optimal clustering into promising territories. The distributed method instead uses notions from coalitional game theory, where the base stations are modelled as rational and intelligent players in a game. By letting the players make individual deviations that benefit them in the game, i.e.\@ switching clusters, a distributed coalition formation algorithm is obtained. Coordinated precoding is the act of finding the linear precoders and receive filters that maximize the network performance, given a base station clustering. Four specific challenges are studied in this problem domain. First, coordinated precoding under intercluster interference is considered. The channels of the intercluster links are not explicitly estimated due to overhead reasons, and these links thus lead to intercluster interference. By exploiting the known statistics of the intercluster channels, a robust and distributed coordinated precoding algorithm is developed. Second, coordinated precoding under imperfect channel state information is considered. Relying on the channel reciprocity under time-division duplex operation, a distributed estimation framework is proposed. Given the estimated channels, a robust and distributed coordinated precoding algorithm is then derived. Third, coordinated precoding under imperfect radio hardware is considered. By modelling the radio frequency distortion noises, a distributed coordinated precoding method that accounts for the imperfections is proposed. Fourth, joint coordinated precoding and discrete rate selection is considered. By bounding and linearizing an originally intractable optimization problem, a heuristic algorithm is derived which selects the transmit rate from a finite set and simultaneously forms the linear precoders and receive filters.Trådlös kommunikation är ett viktigt verktyg i dagens ständigt uppkopplade värld. Datamängden som överförs i mobilnätverk ökar stadigt och därmed behovet av mer kapacitet. För att öka kapaciteten i nedlänken så utvecklar denna avhandling nya metoder för koordinering av multicellnätverk. Med flerantenniga sändare och mottagare så kan den spatiala selektiviteten hos mottagarna utnyttjas för att separera dem, vilket ger en ökad kapacitet. För denna koordinering är distribuerade algoritmer ofta att föredra eftersom de är robusta och har låg implementeringskomplexitet. I detta sammanhang undersöker denna avhandling två problemområden: basstationsgruppering och samordnad förkodning. Basstationsgruppering innebär att basstationerna delas in i disjunkta grupper, vilket minskar overheadkostnaden för samordningen. Detta är framför allt nödvändigt i medelstora till stora nätverk, eftersom overheadkostnaden för koordineringen av dessa annars skulle bli för stor. Två lösningar för basstationsgruppering presenteras: dels en optimal och centraliserad metod samt dels en heuristisk och distribuerad metod. Den optimala och centraliserade metoden kan hantera en familj av modeller för den totala datatakten och utnyttjar strukturen i modellen för att fokusera sökandet efter den optimala grupperingen mot lovande områden. Den heuristiska och distribuerade metoden bygger på spelteori för koalitioner och modellerar basstationerna som rationella och intelligenta spelare i ett spel. En distribuerad algoritm för koalitionsformering härleds genom att låta spelarna göra individuella förflyttningar, dvs. byta grupp, när det gynnar dem under spelets regler. Vid samordnad förkodning använder de flerantenniga sändarna och mottagarna linjära förkodare och mottagningsfilter för att maximera nätverkets prestanda. Inom detta problemområde undersöks fyra olika specifika problem. Först undersöks problemet när det finns störningar mellan basstationsgrupperna. För att hålla nere mängden overhead så skattas inte kanalerna mellan grupperna, vilket ger upphov till störningar hos mottagarna. Genom att utnyttja den kända statistiska informationen för dessa okända kanaler kan en robust och distribuerade samordningsmetod för förkodningen utvecklas. Därnäst undersöks problemet då kanalkännedomen är bristfällig i allmänhet. Reciprociteten som uppstår vid tidsdelningsduplexning utnyttjas och flera distribuerade skattningsmetoder härleds. Givet den skattade kanalkännedomen föreslås en robust metod för samordnad förkodning. Därnäst undersöks problemet med samordnad förkodning då radiohårdvaran är bristfällig. En modell för det distortionsbrus som skapas av den bristfälliga hårdvaran används för att föreslå en robust distribuerad metod för samordnad förkodning för detta scenario. Slutligen undersöks valet av diskret datatakt med simultan samordnad förkodning. En heuristisk algoritm utvecklas som löser ett begränsat optimeringsproblem. Algoritmen väljer sänddatatakten från en ändlig mängd och bestämmer simultant de linjära förkodarna och mottagningsfiltrena.
QC 20160407
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Delage, Aurelie. "La gare, assurance métropolitaine de la ville post-industrielle. : Le retournement de valeur dans les projets urbains de quartiers de gare, à Saint-Étienne Châteaucreux et Liège Guillemins (Belgique)." Thesis, Lyon 2, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LYO20016.
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Construction socio-spatiale héritée du XIXe siècle ayant connu un déclin dans la seconde moitié du XXe siècle, les quartiers de gare centrale dans les villes occidentales sont un support récent et privilégié de l’action collective urbaine. Les projets urbains que ces gares cristallisent présentent des programmations récurrentes reposant sur la mixité fonctionnelle et une orientation tertiaire affirmée. Cette thèse interroge le retournement de valeur symbolique et économique de ces espaces autrefois dévalorisés et aujourd’hui prisés. Quelles sont les modalités de la fabrique urbaine, comment se noue l’interaction nécessaire entre des acteurs publics ne pouvant intervenir seuls sur ces secteurs fortement contraints (notamment techniquement), et des acteurs privés parfois réticents à s’engager sur des marchés qu’ils jugent risqués ? En adoptant une approche inductive et qualitative, ce travail de recherche analyse la conception et la mise en œuvre de deux projets urbains aux avancements contrastés en raison de leviers d’action ou, au contraire, de points de blocages différents, dans deux anciennes villes minières devant négocier le tournant de la désindustrialisation (Saint-Étienne et Liège). Au terme de l’analyse, l’hypothèse d’une valeur assurantielle de la gare dans ces projets urbains est validée : en tant que ferment métropolitain vecteur de fortes potentialités, la gare centrale desservie par un train à grande vitesse est la condition de possibilité permettant d’enclencher non seulement la décision des acteurs publics mais aussi celle des acteurs privés, au premier rang desquels les promoteurs immobiliers, acteurs clés à l’interface entre l’action publique et l’investissement privéThe railway station areas of the 19th Century were a reflection of the Industrial revolution. Following a period of decay after the Second World War, the urban renewal of these areas is now one of the main concerns of local governments in European cities. In addition to a new railway station served by high speed trains, these urban projects are often based on functional diversity, including a business district.This thesis addresses the reversal of urban value in these specific urban areas, exploring how they have moved from repelling to attractive places. How do public and private actors interact, when the former cannot act alone in places constrained by physical barriers due to a lack of funding, and the latter are not inclined to invest in what they consider to be risky places?Our approach is both inductive and qualitative. The comparison of two projects in French and Belgian shrinking cities (Saint-Etienne, near Lyons, and Liège, near Brussels) allows us to understand what the levers for action are, and conversely what the bottlenecks are that slow down the implementation of the urban project around the station.As the result of our analysis, the railway station appears to be a positive and necessary factor for the reversal of urban value in these areas. It is a kind of insurance – in the same way as metropolitan areas create potentiality in the productive economy – both for public actors, as the railway station facilitates their mobilisation, and private ones, especially property developers, who are key elements in the relationship between public action and private investment
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Lazzari, Cristiano. "Automatic layout generation of static CMOS circuits targeting delay and power." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/5690.
Full textAbstract:
A crescente evolução das tecnologias de fabricação de circuitos integrados demanda o desenvolvimento de novas ferramentas de CAD. O desenvolvimento tradicional de circuitos digitais a nível físico baseia-se em bibliotecas de células. Estas bibliotecas de células oferecem certa previsibilidade do comportamento elétrico do projeto devido à caracterização prévia das células. Além disto,diferentes versões para cada célula são requeridas de forma que características como atraso e consumo sejam atendidos, aumentando o número de células necessárias em uma bilioteca. A geração automática de leiautes é uma alternativa cada vez mais importante para a geracão baseada em células. Este método implementa transistores e conexões de acordo com padrões que são definidos em algoritmos sem as limitações impostas pelo uso de uma biblioteca de células. A previsibilidade em leiautes gerado automaticamente é oferecida por ferramentas de análise e estimativa. Estas ferramentas devem ser aptas a trabalhar com estimativas do leiaute e gerar informações relativas a atraso, potência e área. Este trabalho inclui a pesquisa de novos métodos de síntese física e a implementação de um gerador automático de leiautes cujas células são geradas no momento da síntese do leiaute. A pesquisa investiga diferentes estratégias de disposição dos componentes (transistores, contatos e conexões) em um leiaute e seus efeitos na ocupação de área e no atraso e de um circuito. A estratégia de leiaute utilizada aplica técnicas de otimização de atraso pela integração com uma técnicas de dimensionamento de transistores. Isto é feito de forma que o método de folding permita diferentes dimensionamentos para os transistores. As principais características da estratégia proposta neste trabalho são: linhas de alimentação entre bandas, roteamento sobre o leiaute (não são utilizados canais de roteamento) e geração de leiautes visando a redução do atraso do circuito pela aplicação da técnica de dimensionamento ao leiaute e redução do comprimento médio das conexões. O fato de permitir a implementação de qualquer combinação de equações lógicas, sem as restrições impostas pelo uso de uma biblioteca de células, permite a síntese de circuitos com uma otimização do número de transistores utilizados. Isto contribui para a diminuição de atrasos e do consumo, especialmente do consumo estático em circuitos submicrônicos. Comparações entre a estratégia proposta e outros métodos conhecidos são apresentadas de forma a validar a proposta apresentada.The evolution of integrated circuits technologies demands the development of new CAD tools. The traditional development of digital circuits at physical level is based in library of cells. These libraries of cells offer certain predictability of the electrical behavior of the design due to the previous characterization of the cells. Besides, different versions of each cell are required in such a way that delay and power consumption characteristics are taken into account, increasing the number of cells in a library. The automatic full custom layout generation is an alternative each time more important to cell based generation approaches. This strategy implements transistors and connections according patterns defined by algorithms. So, it is possible to implement any logic function avoiding the limitations of the library of cells. Tools of analysis and estimate must offer the predictability in automatic full custom layouts. These tools must be able to work with layout estimates and to generate information related to delay, power consumption and area occupation. This work includes the research of new methods of physical synthesis and the implementation of an automatic layout generation in which the cells are generated at the moment of the layout synthesis. The research investigates different strategies of elements disposition (transistors, contacts and connections) in a layout and their effects in the area occupation and circuit delay. The presented layout strategy applies delay optimization by the integration with a gate sizing technique. This is performed in such a way the folding method allows individual discrete sizing to transistors. The main characteristics of the proposed strategy are: power supply lines between rows, over the layout routing (channel routing is not used), circuit routing performed before layout generation and layout generation targeting delay reduction by the application of the sizing technique. The possibility to implement any logic function, without restrictions imposed by a library of cells, allows the circuit synthesis with optimization in the number of the transistors. This reduction in the number of transistors decreases the delay and power consumption, mainly the static power consumption in submicrometer circuits. Comparisons between the proposed strategy and other well-known methods are presented in such a way the proposed method is validated.
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Grandazzi, Albane. "Espaces, pratiques et transition dans l’organisation : une ethnographie en gares." Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PSLED053/document.
Full textAbstract:
De plus en plus, les membres des organisations sont en situation de mobilité permanente. Ils téléphonent en marchant, font des réunions à distance, ou sont présents dans des espaces de travail partagés pour un temps limité. Les lieux de travail sont davantage traversés qu’ils sont occupés. La gare illustre parfaitement ces tendances autant spatiales que temporelles. La question empirique au cœur de cette thèse a émergée dans le contexte actuel de la SNCF qui refond largement l’espace de ses gares et repense en profondeur le rôle de ses agents. Elle le fait sur fond de digitalisation de ses activités historiques. Dans ce contexte, le cas des agents commerciaux représente un changement de paradigme, avec des pratiques de travail de plus en plus mobiles et « dé-fixées ». Cette mise en mouvement des agents se heurte à une conception historique qui envisage la gare comme un ensemble d’espaces fermés, fixes et stables dans leurs fonctions et leurs usages. Notre constat empirique rejoint un vide conceptuel : si la théorisation des espaces « entre-deux » s’est développée en théories des organisations, on en sait peu sur la manière dont la transition émerge dans les pratiques de travail. En effet, on connaît surtout le point de vue de ceux qui traversent ces espaces. On cherchera donc ici à éclairer le point de vue de ceux qui organisent ces transitions par leurs pratiques de travail. Dans notre thèse, nous pensons le caractère transitionnel de l’espace comme une expérience et un processus indissociables des pratiques de travail. Notre ethnographie porte sur plusieurs grandes gares en France. Elle est complétée par une longue observation-participante des directions centrales chez SNCF sur une durée de trois ans. Cette phase empirique nous a permis de mieux comprendre les métiers et les logiques d’aménagement des espaces. Nous avons analysé l’espace-temps au travers de trois pratiques-clés des agents commerciaux (la vente, l’information et l’embarquement). Nous centrons notre analyse sur les pratiques, en particulier leurs modes d’expressions corporelles, en adoptant une posture phénoménologique. Notre recherche démontre comment les pratiques sont performatives d’un espace-temps de transition. Pour que l’espace soit traversé, il nécessite des gestes qui sont autant de points de rencontres pour diriger, orienter, conseiller ou rassurer les voyageurs. Nous contribuons à la littérature en théories des organisations sur l’espace organisationnel et les pratiques corporelles en conceptualisant le rôle des gestes-frontières dans ces expériences comprenant des dimensions spatiales, temporelles, matérielles et corporelles. Nous proposons également des contributions stratégiques et managériales en insistant sur une logique de fluidité, recherchée dans les parcours des voyageurs en gareOrganisations’ members are increasingly permanently moving. They talk on the phone while walking, they attend meeting remotely and they share coworking space for a limited period of time. People are increasingly navigating their workspace rather than settling in it. The train station is a perfect example of this spatial and temporal trend. Our empirical question emerged from our fieldwork at the SNCF, which is currently reshaping space within its stations, and deeply re-thinking the role of its field agents. This reorganisation takes place in a context of digitalisation of the organisation’s historic activities. In that regard, we are seeing a paradigm shift in the role of commercial agents, who now become increasingly mobile. Moving agents contrast with a common historical perception of train stations as an aggregation of areas which functions and uses are closed, fixed and stable. This empirical observation converges with a theoretical gap: despite an awareness for “in-between” spaces in organization studies, the literature has paid little attention to how these spaces are enacted through work practices. Indeed, this literature is still more focused on the experience of users and travellers in these spaces, rather than the laboring bodies which are producing space in their everyday work. In this doctoral work, we approach the transitional aspect of space as an experience and a process closely related to work practices. We conducted an ethnography around several French train stations and undertook participant observation of central management for three years at SNCF. This empirical work allows a better understanding of professions and space planning processes. We analyse space and time through commercial agents’ three key practices: sales, information and boarding. We focus on embodied practices, by adopting a phenomenological approach. This study sheds light on the ways practices create a transitional spacetime. In order to the space to be crossed, movements are needed. Those movements are like meeting points which direct, orient, advise or reassure travellers. We contribute to organization theories literature about organizational space and embodied practices by conceptualizing the role of boundaries-gestures in those experiences which encompass spatial, temporal, material and embodied dimensions. We also offer strategic and management contributions by enhancing our understanding of flow and logic required in traveller’s journey
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Samarakoon, S. (Sumudu). "Learning-based methods for resource allocation and interference management in energy-efficient small cell networks." Doctoral thesis, Oulun yliopisto, 2017. http://urn.fi/urn:isbn:9789526216874.
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Abstract Resource allocation and interference management in wireless small cell networks have been areas of key research interest in the past few years. Although a large number of research studies have been carried out, the needs for high capacity, reliability, and energy efficiency in the emerging fifth-generation (5G) networks warrants the development of methodologies focusing on ultra-dense and self-organizing small cell network (SCN) scenarios. In this regard, the prime motivation of this thesis is to propose an array of distributed methodologies to solve the problem of joint resource allocation and interference management in SCNs pertaining to different network architectures. The present dissertation proposes and investigates distributed control mechanisms for wireless SCNs mainly in three cases: a backhaul-aware interference management mechanism of the uplink of wireless SCNs, a dynamic cluster-based approach for maximizing the energy efficiency of dense wireless SCNs, and a joint power control and user scheduling mechanism for optimizing energy efficiency in ultra-dense SCNs. Optimizing SCNs, especially in the ultra-dense regime, is extremely challenging due to the severe coupling in interference and the dynamics of both queues and channel states. Moreover, due to the lack of inter-base station/cluster communications, smart distributed learning mechanisms are required to autonomously choose optimal transmission strategies based on local information. To overcome these challenges, an array of distributed algorithms are developed by combining the tools from machine learning, Lyapunov optimization and mean-field theory. For each of the above proposals, extensive sets of simulations have been carried out to validate the performance of the proposed methods compared to conventional models that fail to account for the limitations due to network scale, dynamics of queue and channel states, backhaul heterogeneity and capacity constraints, and the lack of coordination between network elements. The results of the proposed methods yield significant gains of the proposed methods in terms of energy savings, rate improvements, and delay reductions compared to the conventional models studied in the existing literatureTiivistelmä Langattomien piensoluverkkojen resurssien allokointi ja häiriön hallinta on ollut viime vuosina tärkeä tutkimuskohde. Tutkimuksia on tehty paljon, mutta uudet viidennen sukupolven (5G) verkot vaativat suurta kapasiteettia, luotettavuutta ja energiatehokkuutta. Sen vuoksi on kehitettävä menetelmiä, jotka keskittyy ultratiheisiin ja itseorganisoituviin piensoluverkkoihin. (SCN). Tämän väitöskirjan tärkein tavoite onkin esittää joukko hajautettuja menetelmiä piensoluverkkojen yhteisten resurssien allokointiin ja häiriön hallintaan, kun käytössä on erilaisia verkkoarkkitehtuureja. Tässä väitöskirjassa ehdotetaan ja tutkitaan hajautettuja menetelmiä langattomien piensoluverkkojen hallintaan kolmessa eri tilanteessa: välityskanavan huomioiva häiriönhallinta menetelmä langattomissa piensoluverkoissa, dynaamisiin klustereihin perustuva malli tiheiden langattomien piensoluverkkojen energiatehokkuuden maksimointiin ja yhteinen tehonsäädön ja käyttäjien allokaatio menetelmä ultratiheiden piensoluverkkojen energiatehokkuuden optimointiin. Ultratiheiden piensoluverkkojen optimointi on erittäin haastavaa häiriön sekä jonojen ja kanavatilojen vahvojen kytkösten vuoksi. Lisäksi, koska klustereilla/tukiasemilla ei ole kommunikaatiota, tarvitaan hajautettuja oppimisalgoritmeja, jotta saadaan itsenäisesti valittua optimaaliset lähetys menetelmät hyödyntäen vain paikallista tietoa. Tämän vuoksi kehitetään useita hajautettuja algoritmeja, jotka hyödyntävät koneoppimista, Lyapunov optimointia ja mean-field teoriaa. Kaikki yllä olevat esitetyt menetelmät on validoitu laajoilla simulaatioilla, joilla on voitu todentaa niiden suorituskyky perinteisiin malleihin verrattuna. Perinteiset mallit eivät pysty ottamaan huomioon verkon laajuuden, jonon ja kanavatilojen dynamiikan, eri välityskanavien ja rajallisen kapasiteetin asettamia rajoituksia sekä verkon elementtien välisen koordinoinnin puuttumista. Esitetyt menetelmät tuottavat huomattavia parannuksia energiansäästöön, siirtonopeuteen ja viiveiden vähentämiseen verrattuna perinteisiin malleihin, joita kirjallisuudessa on tarkasteltu
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Trotta-Brambilla, Gabriella. "Infrastructure, territoires et projets : l'exemple de la ligne ferroviaire à grande vitesse Lyon-Turin-Milan." Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00996169.
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La construction d'une grande infrastructure ferroviaire peut-elle devenir une occasion pour (re)structurer le territoire traversé ? Cette question est à la base de la réflexion menée dans ce travail. Plus précisément, la thèse défendue peut être ainsi formulée : une grande infrastructure (dans ce cas le projet et la construction de la ligne ferroviaire à grande vitesse entre Lyon, Turin et Milan), sous certaines conditions (analysées dans la thèse), peut représenter une occasion pour redonner une structure plus cohérente à un territoire par le biais de l'articulation interscalaire et interdisciplinaire des réflexions sur la planification et des actions de projet sur le territoire même. L'état des lieux autour de la thématique de la grande vitesse ferroviaire et de son possible contexte territorial met en avant les domaines principaux de la littérature scientifique qui se sont occupés de cet argument (économie, géographie, sciences sociales et humaines). Cette thèse essaye de croiser plusieurs disciplines, mais en abordant la question d'un point de vue différent, celui de la planification territoriale et urbaine, puisque les thématiques traitées par la géographie des transports (accessibilité, rugosité, vitesse, nodalité, reticularité, etc.) ne semblent pas expliquer suffisamment les interactions à différentes échelles entre infrastructure et territoire. En interrogeant plans et projets, ainsi que des " expérimentations projectuelles " élaborées dans une démarche de research by design, cette thèse analyse les points de convergence entre le domaine des transports ferroviaires et celui de la planification durable du territoire et de la ville.
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Šebedovský, Richard. "Prostředky teorie her v ekonomickém rozhodování." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta podnikatelská, 2012. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-223545.
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Tato práce se zabývá současnými trendy v aplikaci teorie her k tvorbě ekonomických modelů, které se následně využívají při ekonomickém rozhodování s podporou prostředků informatiky. Práce se zejména opírá o poznatky teorie statických a dynamických her a her s dokonalými a nedokonalými informacemi. Zkoumány jsou modely týkající se sdílení zdrojů, aukcí a managementu. Pro každý z popsaných modelů je prezentována konkrétní aplikace.
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Pereira, Emanoel Fabiano Menezes. "Teoria dos jogos com aplicações no ensino médio." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UFABC, 2014.
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Orientador: Prof. Dr. Sinuê Dayan Barbero LodoviciDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal do ABC, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Mestrado Profissional em Matemática em Rede Nacional - PROFMAT, 2014.
Os jogos encantam a humanidade desde os tempos mais remotos. Especialmente, os jogos abstratos (ou matemáticos) atraíram a atenção de matemáticos ilustres como Bernoulli, dentre tantos. E esta atração deu origem a novas áreas da matemática, em destaque, surgiu também a Teoria dos Jogos. Esta teoria trás a beleza de transformar interações humanas em jogos, modelando fenômenos que podem ser observados quando dois ou mais "agentes de decisão" interagem entre si com conflitos e/ou cooperação. O estudo da Teoria dos Jogos utiliza recursos da modelagem matemática equacionando diferentes situações de diferentes campos de estudo e é esta característica interdisciplinar que inspirou este trabalho. A Teoria dos Jogos vem sendo utilizada em várias áreas, como economia, biologia, sociologia, etc. Neste trabalho pretende-se passar as noções básicas da Teoria dos Jogos para professores do ensino básico como uma possível ferramenta para fomentar entre os educandos o interesse pela matemática aplicada além deles serem beneficiados pelo desenvolvimento do pensamento estratégico, da atenção, raciocínio lógico, planejamento de ação e sequenciamento, habilidades muito úteis na competência de resolver problemas. Almeja-se que aconteça a construção do conhecimento dos alunos de uma forma mais atraente
The games enchanted mankind since ancient times. Especially, abstract games (or mathematical) attracted the attention of illustrious mathematicians like Bernoulli, among many. And this attraction gave rise to new areas of mathematics, highlighted, also appeared to Game Theory. The theory behind the beauty of transforming human interactions in games, modeling phenomena that can be observed when two or more "decision-makers" interact with conflict and / or cooperation. The study of Game¿s Theory uses mathematical modeling resources equating different situations of different fields of study and this interdisciplinary characteristic that inspired this work. The Game¿s Theory has been used in various areas, such as economics, biology, sociology, etc. This paper intends spending the basics of Game¿s Theory to elementary school teachers as a possible tool to foster among the students, the interest in applied mathematics and these be benefited by the development of strategic thinking, attention, logical reasoning, planning action and sequencing, very useful skills in problemsolving competence. It¿s desire to happen the construction of students¿ knowledge in a more attractive way.
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Oskuii, Saeeid Tahmasbi. "Design of Low-Power Reduction-Trees in Parallel Multipliers." Doctoral thesis, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Faculty of Information Technology, Mathematics and Electrical Engineering, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:no:ntnu:diva-1958.
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Multiplications occur frequently in digital signal processing systems, communication systems, and other application specific integrated circuits. Multipliers, being relatively complex units, are deciding factors to the overall speed, area, and power consumption of digital computers. The diversity of application areas for multipliers and the ubiquity of multiplication in digital systems exhibit a variety of requirements for speed, area, power consumption, and other specifications. Traditionally, speed, area, and hardware resources have been the major design factors and concerns in digital design. However, the design paradigm shift over the past decade has entered dynamic power and static power into play as well.
In many situations, the overall performance of a system is decided by the speed of its multiplier. In this thesis, parallel multipliers are addressed because of their speed superiority. Parallel multipliers are combinational circuits and can be subject to any standard combinational logic optimization. However, the complex structure of the multipliers imposes a number of difficulties for the electronic design automation (EDA) tools, as they simply cannot consider the multipliers as a whole; i.e., EDA tools have to limit the optimizations to a small portion of the circuit and perform logic optimizations. On the other hand, multipliers are arithmetic circuits and considering arithmetic relations in the structure of multipliers can be extremely useful and can result in better optimization results. The different structures obtained using the different arithmetically equivalent solutions, have the same functionality but exhibit different temporal and physical behavior. The arithmetic equivalencies are used earlier mainly to optimize for area, speed and hardware resources.
In this thesis a design methodology is proposed for reducing dynamic and static power dissipation in parallel multiplier partial product reduction tree. Basically, using the information about the input pattern that is going to be applied to the multiplier (such as static probabilities and spatiotemporal correlations), the reduction tree is optimized. The optimization is obtained by selecting the power efficient configurations by searching among the permutations of partial products for each reduction stage. Probabilistic power estimation methods are introduced for leakage and dynamic power estimations. These estimations are used to lead the optimizers to minimum power consumption. Optimization methods, utilizing the arithmetic equivalencies in the partial product reduction trees, are proposed in order to reduce the dynamic power, static power, or total power which is a combination of dynamic and static power. The energy saving is achieved without any noticeable area or speed overhead compared to random reduction trees. The optimization algorithms are extended to include spatiotemporal correlations between primary inputs. As another extension to the optimization algorithms, the cost function is considered as a weighted sum of dynamic power and static power. This can be extended further to contain speed merits and interconnection power. Through a number of experiments the effectiveness of the optimization methods are shown. The average number of transitions obtained from simulation is reduced significantly (up to 35% in some cases) using the proposed optimizations.
The proposed methods are in general applicable on arbitrary multi-operand adder trees. As an example, the optimization is applied to the summation tree of a class of elementary function generators which is implemented using summation of weighted bit-products. Accurate transistor-level power estimations show up to 25% reduction in dynamic power compared to the original designs.
Power estimation is an important step of the optimization algorithm. A probabilistic gate-level power estimator is developed which uses a novel set of simple waveforms as its kernel. The transition density of each circuit node is estimated. This power estimator allows to utilize a global glitch filtering technique that can model the removal of glitches in more detail. It produces error free estimates for tree structured circuits. For circuits with reconvergent fanout, experimental results using the ISCAS85 benchmarks show that this method generally provides significantly better estimates of the transition density compared to previous techniques.
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Bousia, Alexandra. "Design of energy efficient network planning schemes for LTE-based cellular networks." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/386393.
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The rapid expansion of mobile services and the emerging demand for multimedia applications have led to an impressive traffic growth. To this end, Mobile Network Operators (MNOs) seek to extend their infrastructure by installing more Base Stations (BSs), in an effort to increase the network capacity and meet the pressing traffic demands. Furthermore, to fulfill the escalated demands, Heterogeneous Networks (HetNets), which consist of Small Cells (SCs) and the traditional BSs, constitute the new trend of next generation networks.
The deployed infrastructure implies a rise in the Capital Expenditures and has a direct impact on the network energy consumption, thus resulting in higher Operational Expenditures. Hence, the investigation of energy efficient solutions will bring down the energy consumption and the network cost. Since the BS is the most power hungry component, the research community has shifted towards the investigation of BS deactivation schemes. These schemes propose that part of the infrastructure can be temporarily switched off, when the traffic is low, while the active BSs extend their coverage to serve the network.
Based on a comprehensive review of the state-of-the-art, a set of research opportunities were identified. This thesis provides contributions to the field of BS switching off strategies for wireless macro BSs networks and HetNets of single and multiple MNOs by proposing mechanisms that enhance different aspects of the network performance. The BSs deactivation, the innovative trend of infrastructure sharing and the financially driven collaboration among the involved parties of the current and future networks promise significant improvements in terms of energy and cost savings. The main thesis contributions are divided into three parts, described next.
The first part of the thesis introduces innovative BS switching off approaches in single-operator environments, where only macro BSs are deployed. The proposed strategies exploit the inherit characteristics of the traffic load pattern (e.g., distribution of the users, traffic volume, etc.) and the distinctive features of the wireless cellular networks (e.g., BSs position, topology, etc.). Theoretical analysis and computer-based simulations show the performance improvement offered by the switching off strategies with respect to energy efficiency.
The second part of the thesis explores a different challenge in network planning. The coexistence of multiple MNOs in the same geographical area has motivated a new business model, known as infrastructure sharing. A roaming-based deactivation scheme is proposed, by taking into account the rationality and the conflicting interests of the MNOs. The proposed game theoretic framework enables the MNOs to take individual switching off decisions, thus bypassing potential complicated agreements. The theoretical and simulation results show that our proposal significantly improves the energy efficiency, guaranteeing at the same time the throughput in realistic scenarios. Moreover, the proposed scheme provides higher cost efficiency and fairness compared to the state-of-the-art algorithms, motivating the MNOs to adopt game theoretic strategies.
The third part of the thesis focuses on the exploitation of HetNets and the proposal of energy and cost effective strategies in SC networks with multiple MNOs. We effectively address the cost sharing by proposing accurate cost models for the SCs to share the network cost. Taking into account the impact of the traffic on the cost, we propose novel cost sharing policies that provide a fair outcome. In continuation, innovative auction-based schemes within multiobjective optimization framework are introduced for data offloading from the BSs, owned by the MNOs, to the third-party SC networks. The proposed solution captures the conflicting interests of the MNOs and the third-party companies and the obtained results show that the benefit of proposing switching off approaches for HetNets.La rápida expansión de los servicios móviles y de la demanda emergente de aplicaciones multimedia han dado lugar a un impresionante crecimiento del tráfico. Operadores de redes móviles (MNOs) tratará de extender su infraestructura mediante la instalación de más estaciones base (BSs), en un esfuerzo por aumentar la capacidad de la red y satisfacer las apremiantes demandas de tráfico. Además, para cumplir con las exigencias escalada, redes heterogéneas (HetNets), constituyen la nueva tendencia de las redes de próxima generación. La infraestructura implica un aumento en los gastos de capital y tiene un impacto directo en el consumo de energía a la red, lo que resulta en un aumento de los gastos operacionales. La investigación de soluciones de eficiencia energética hará bajar el consumo de energía y el coste de la red. La comunidad científica se ha desplazado hacia la investigación de los sistemas de desactivación de BSs. Estos esquemas proponen que parte de la infraestructura se puede cdesectivarse, cuando el tráfico es bajo, mientras que los BSs activas extender su cobertura al servicio de la red. Esta tesis ofrece contribuciones al campo de la BSs desconexión para las redes y HetNets con uno o multiples MNOs, proponiendo mecanismos que mejoran diferentes aspectos del rendimiento de la red. La desactivación de BS,s la tendencia innovadora de compartir infraestructura y la colaboración impulsada financieramente entre las partes implicadas de las redes actuales y futuras prometen mejoras significativas en términos de ahorro energético y económico. Las principales contribuciones de tesis se dividen en tres partes, que se describen a continuación. La primera parte de la tesis introduce innovadora apagar enfoques en entornos de un solo operador, donde se despliegan sólo macro BSs. Las estrategias propuestas explotan las características de tráfico (por ejemplo, la distribución de los usuarios, el volumen de tráfico, etc.) y las características distintivas de las redes (por ejemplo, la posición BS, topología, etc.). Análisis teórico y simulaciones muestran la mejora del rendimiento ofrecido por las estrategias de conmutación con respecto a la eficiencia energética. La segunda parte de la tesis explora un reto diferente en la planificación de la red. La coexistencia de múltiples operadores en la misma zona geográfica ha motivado un nuevo modelo de negocio, conocida como la compartición de infraestructura. Se propone un esquema de desactivación basada en itinerancia, teniendo en cuenta la racionalidad y los intereses en conflicto de los operadores de redes móviles. Los resultados teóricos y de simulación muestran que nuestra propuesta mejora significativamente la eficiencia energética, garantizando al mismo tiempo el rendimiento en escenarios realistas. Por otra parte, el esquema propuesto proporciona una mayor eficiencia de costes y la equidad en comparación con los algoritmos del estado de la técnica, motivar al mnos de adoptar estrategias de teoría de juegos. La tercera parte de la tesis se centra en la explotación de HetNets y la propuesta de estrategias eficaces de energía y costes en las redes con múltiples operadores. Nos dirigimos efectivamente la participación en los costos, proponiendo modelos de costos precisos para para compartir el costo de la red. Teniendo en cuenta el impacto del tráfico en el coste, proponemos políticas costos compartidos novedosas que proporcionan un resultado justo. En la continuación, los esquemas basados en subastas innovadoras dentro de marco de optimización multiobjetivo se introducen los datos que descargan de la BS. La solución propuesta recoge los intereses en conflicto de los operadores de redes móviles y las compañías de terceros y los resultados obtenidos muestran que el beneficio de proponer la desconexión se acerca para HetNets
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Perrin, Julie. "La territorialisation des gares franciliennes de la grande vitesse ferroviaire face aux mutations du modèle TGV : Une analyse par la desserte du cas de Marne-la-Vallée Chessy." Thesis, Paris Est, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020PESC2032.
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Le système ferroviaire à grande vitesse français a participé à des recompositions spatiales et territoriales. L’expansion du réseau a accompagné le développement de gares nouvelles dont les enjeux d’insertion territoriale ont fait l’objet de nombreuses recherches. L’Île-de-France, cœur du réseau, est, paradoxalement, un territoire peu étudié. Cette thèse propose une analyse de la territorialisation des gares TGV franciliennes (entendues en dehors de Paris), en s’intéressant plus spécifiquement au cas de la gare de Marne-la-Vallée Chessy. Cette étude est conduite au regard des évolutions du modèle TGV : développement du modèle de desserte « intersecteur » puis des offres ferroviaires à grande vitesse low cost (Ouigo).Trois approches croisées permettent d’appréhender l’insertion territoriale de la gare : une analyse des systèmes d’acteurs du transport et de l’aménagement ; l’étude de la capacité relationnelle de la gare et de sa fréquentation ; l’analyse des pratiques des voyageurs (mobilités touristiques).La thèse apporte un éclairage inédit sur la façon dont l’objet « grande vitesse ferroviaire » est saisi, ou non, dans les projets d’aménagement régionaux. Cette recherche documente la façon dont le rapport à la centralité parisienne a été un levier dans la conduite du projet d’Interconnexion TGV et ses trois objets imbriqués : ligne (réseau-support), modèle de desserte (réseau-service) et gare (nœud-lieu). Les logiques nationales et interrégionales qui ont progressivement dominé la lecture du projet masquent un doublement du rapport à la centralité parisienne à l’échelle infrarégionale ainsi que des enjeux de recompositions spatiales plus complexes. Le développement de l’offre Ouigo participe d’une évolution du rôle de porte d’entrée de Marne-la-Vallée Chessy et d’une complexification des dynamiques territoriales dont la gare est l’interface. Les évolutions liées à Ouigo ne se limitent pas à Marne-la-Vallée Chessy, et la thèse apporte des connaissances sur les nouvelles répartitions fonctionnelles entre les gares parisiennes et les gares TGV franciliennes. Elle offre également une première analyse des évolutions du modèle de desserte intersecteur suite à l’arrivée Ouigo, et plus largement de l’organisation de l’offre TGV en FranceAbstract: The French high-speed rail (HSR) system has contributed to spatial and territorial restructuring. The expansion of the network accompanied the development of new stations. The territorial integration of these stations has been extensively researched, except in the Île-de-France region, at the core of the rail network. Focusing on the case of Marne-la-Vallée Chessy station, this thesis analyses the territorialisation of the Île-de-France HSR stations (located on the outskirts of Paris) in view of the evolution of the TGV model: the development of a TGV offer bypassing the centre of Paris (TGV intersecteur) in the 1980s and more recently of new low-cost HSR services (Ouigo).This study articulates three approaches to understand the territorial integration of this station: an analysis of stakeholders in the field of transport and urban development; the study of the relational capacity of the station and its traffic; and the analysis of users’ practices (tourist mobility).This work sheds new light on the way regional development projects consider, or fail to consider, on HSR. This research documents how the relationship with the Parisian centrality has been a lever in the management of the HSR Interconnexion project and its three interlocking objects: line (network-support), service model (network-service) and station (node-place). Contrasting with the national and interregional logics which have gradually come to dominate the reading of the project, we identify a twofold relationship to the Parisian centrality on a sub-regional scale and uncover complex spatial restructuring issues. The development of the Ouigo offer has contributed to an evolution of the role of Marne-la-Vallée Chessy as a gateway to the city, with a complexification of territorial dynamics of which the station is the interface. The evolutions related to Ouigo are not limited to Marne-la-Vallée Chessy, and the thesis provides insights on the new functional distribution between Paris inner-city stations and Île-de-France HSR stations. It also provides an initial analysis of the changes in the offer of TGV services bypassing Paris, and of the organisation of the TGV offer in France, following the start of Ouigo services
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Carrouet, Guillaume. "Du TGV Rhin-Rhône au "Territoire" Rhin-Rhône : réticularité, mobilité et territorialité dans un espace intermédiaire." Phd thesis, Université de Bourgogne, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00838028.
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La grande vitesse ferroviaire, destinée à réduire les distances-temps entre les grandes métropoles françaises et européennes, conduit à inscrire les espaces intermédiaires dans une situation peu favorable. Fortement polarisé par les grands foyers urbains qui l'encadrent, ce type d'espace est généralement réduit à son unique statut d'aire de transit. Pourtant, la branche Est, premier tronçon du projet de LGV Rhin-Rhône, de par sa dimension régionale, constitue le facteur d'émergence d'un processus de territorialisation de l'aire Rhin-Rhône. Ainsi, l'arrivée de la grande vitesse ferroviaire est à l'origine de la création d'un réseau de villes qui s'étend de Dijon à Bâle. Pour répondre à cette problématique territoriale, l'analyse fine des configurations spatiales, enrichie par l'approche des représentations, permet de voir dans quelle mesure l'aire Rhin-Rhône est, à l'heure actuelle, dépourvue d'une dimension territoriale. Ensuite, l'entrée par les configurations des réseaux de transport et les pratiques de mobilité permettent de voir comment le projet de LGV Rhin-Rhône s'insère au sein de l'aire d'étude. Enfin, les trois formes d'appropriation choisies : les jeux d'acteurs dans la définition du tracé, les projets de valorisation et les stratégies de promotion territoriale associées à la nouvelle offre ferroviaire, visent à montrer comment les perceptions des gains d'accessibilité par les acteurs locaux peuvent conduire à inscrire l'aire Rhin-Rhône dans un processus de territorialisation. Cette recherche met en évidence la difficile adaptation de la grande vitesse ferroviaire à la desserte des espaces intermédiaires. La localisation des nouvelles gares TGV en périphérie des agglomérations franc-comtoises et la construction de deux contournements ferroviaires aux extrémités de la LGV, constituent des freins au développement de la grande vitesse régionale, condition pourtant nécessaire au fonctionnement territorial de l'aire Rhin-Rhône. En plus d'être un facteur du renforcement de la situation intermédiaire de l'aire Rhin-Rhône, la branche Est exacerbe les concurrences et rivalités entre territoires. En témoigne la redondance des projets de valorisation destinés à accueillir des activités tertiaires, les agglomérations, séparées seulement d'une centaine de kilomètres, adoptant des stratégies similaires. Si l'analyse de l'insertion de la branche Est au sein de l'aire Rhin-Rhône souligne la rigidité du modèle français à grande vitesse, ce cas d'étude fournit des pistes de réflexion sur l'élaboration des futurs projets de LGV, dont la réalisation sera étroitement dépendante du soutien financier des collectivités territoriales.
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Kramoliš, Ondřej. "Extrakce a modifikace vlastností číslicových zvukových signálů v dynamické rovině." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta elektrotechniky a komunikačních technologií, 2010. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-218782.
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This thesis deals with basic methods of root mean square and peak value measurement of a digital acoustic signal, algotithms to measure audio programme loudness and true-peak audio level according to recommendation ITU-R BS.1770-1 and digital systems for control of signal dynamic range. It shows achieved results of root mean square and peak value measurement and results of implementation of dynamic processor with general piecewise linear non-decreasing static curve and algorithms according to recommendation ITU-R BS.1770-1.
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Lemos, Ana Maria Barboza. "Portais urbanos - rodoviários." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/11043.
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O presente trabalho apresenta o conceito de portal urbano rodoviário como a porta de entrada de uma cidade. Analisa portais de seis cidades: Londrina (PR), Jaú (SP), Vitória (ES), Brasília (DF), Cuiabá (MT), e Goiânia (GO), projetados por arquitetos de renome, como Vilanova Artigas, Carlos Maximiliano Fayet, Lucio Costa e Paulo Mendes da Rocha, sua importância para o desenvolvimento da cidade em que se encontra e sua possível descaracterização, pois estudos a respeito dessa apropriação espacial nas edificações públicas projetadas com o cuidado de fornecer ambientes agradáveis ao usuário, merecem destaque entre as publicações da área de arquiteturae urbanismo. Essas análises têm início à luz de um contexto histórico sociocultural em que se ergueram tais portais, no glamour do modernismo e influências das escolas paulista e carioca, envolvendo questões de tipologia entre outras, evoluindo para a realidade atual, na qual algumas edificações se encontram em funcionamento, de acordo com a atividade proposta ainda em projeto, sem deixar de levar em consideração a recente possibilidade de transformação do espaço oferecido por esses edifícios, em razão da ocupação de um centro de lojas e lanchonetes.The present work introduces the concept of an urban road gate as the main entrance of a city. Therefore, it analyses the gates present in six cities: Londrina(PR), Jaú (SP), Vitória (ES), Brasília (DF), Cuiabá (MT), and Goiânia (GO) which all of them have been designed by famous architects, such as: Vilanova Artigas, Carlos Maximiliano Fayet, Lucio Costa e Paulo Mendes da Rocha. The present study, analyses the importance of the gates to the development of the city in which it was built and its possible mischaracterizing, once it is important that studies are carried regarding the present usage of this typology of building, which was conceived with the purpose of providing pleasurable public spaces to the general population and due to that, these gates deserve distinction among the publications about architecture and urbanism. The studies about the gates start with the understanding of the social cultural context in which they were designed and built, the glamour of modernism and the influences of the architectural production of Rio de Janeiro (RJ) and São Paulo (SP) concerning subjects as typology and others, evolving until the actual situation, where some of the buildings still working and functioning, following the activities proposed in the original design, as well as the recent possibility of transformation of these spaces, due to the creation of a commercial center and food chains.
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Pascal, Jean-Pierre. "Etude de circuits d'aide à la commutation de thyristors GTO montés en série pour des applications à la traction ferroviaire." Paris 6, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986PA066273.
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Revue des propriétés des thyristors interrupteurs. Aptitude à l'utilisation en grande traction. Etude du rétablissement de la tension aux bornes. Soufflage et mise en série des thyristors interrupteurs. Caractérisation des GTO de grande puissance.
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Jeloaica, Léonard. "Etude ab initio des mécanismes réactionnels dans la phase initiale du dépôt par par couches atomiques des oxydes à moyenne et forte permittivité sur silicium." Toulouse 3, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006TOU30077.
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L'objectif de ce travail est d'apporter un éclairage nouveau à la compréhension des mécanismes physico-chimiques qui contrôlent la croissance des trois oxydes d'Aluminium, de Zirconium, de Hafnium. Ces matériaux sont considérés comme les meilleurs candidats pour remplacer la silice en tant qu'oxyde de grille dans le futur composant MOS. La précision et la fiabilité de la méthode DFT associé à la fonctionnelle B3LYP, ont été testées à l'aide des résultats expérimentaux et des méthodes ab initio les plus précis telles que CCSD(T) et CISD(T), en utilisant différents ensembles des fonctions de bases. Nos résultats montrent que et la méthode hybride DFT peut prédire de façon précise les propriétés statistiques et dynamiques de la famille d'organométalliques (AlxCyHzOt) et des systèmes moléculaires à base de métaux de transition (Zr/HfxClyOzHt). Les premières études systématiques des surfaces d'énergie potentielle de TMA ont été présentes et les caractéristiques des rotors constitués des groups méthyles ont été rapportées avec une grande précision. Les mécanismes réactionnels, à plusieurs étapes, entre les molécules précurseurs de trois oxydes et les molécules d'eau résiduelle phase gazeuse ont été étudies en détail. Les mouvements internes fortement anharmoniques, des espèces moléculaires présentes touts au long du processus d'hydrolyse ont été déterminés. Les effets qualitatifs sur les cinétiques des réactions ont été discutés. La forte exothermicité de la réaction TMA/H2O a été démontrée, alors que la réaction avec les tétrachlorures de Zirconium et Hafnium ont montré un caractère plutôt endothermique. Nous avons aussi étudié les mécanismes réactionnels de la vapeur d'eau avec d'espèces moléculaires chimisorbés en surface. Les réactions interviennent dans les cycles initiales d'ALD sur en substrat de Si(001)-2x1 légèrement oxydé. Les mécanismes que nous proposons sont qualitativement proches des mécanismes d'hydrolyse discutés dans la phase gaz euse : confirmation de la forte réactivité exothermique avec les hydroxyméthyliques d'Aluminium, endothermicité des réactions avec hydroxychlorures de Zirconium et Hafnium. Les composés avec le Zirconium et le Hafnium ont des comportements similaires. Enfin, les effets de coopérativité, à la fois au niveau des molécules de vapeur d'eau, qu'au niveau des complexes en surface, sur les réactions ont été mis en évidence et discutés. Ils montrent des comportements tout à fait intéressants dans le cas des hydroxychlorures des Zirconium et Hafnium. Par contre, ces effets sont de moindre importance dans les cas de l'oxyde d'aluminium, qui est actuellement considéré comme le matériau le plus compatible avec la croissance par ALDThis work attempts to bring a new light on the understanding of some critical aspects of the physicochemical processes that control Alumina, Zirconia and Hafnia ALD growth, yet not sufficiently understood. These materials are addressed as potentially best candidates to replace gate dielectric SiO2 in the near future electronic applications. Most accurate ab initio correlated methods, like couple-cluster CCSD(T) and CISD(T), with different basis sets functions, as well as the available experimental data have been used for testing by a systematic study the accuracy and the reliability of DFT B3LYP functional. Our results have claimed this hybrid-DFT method to be chosen in predicting of high accurate static and dynamic properties throughout the family of organometallic-like (AlxCyHzOt) and transition metal-based (Zr/HfxClyOzHt) molecular systems. First systematic study of torsional potential surfaces of TMA has been performed and the related features of the hindered rotors of the methyl groups revealed with high accuracy. Laying on these accurate results we have also proposed least-squared fit methods to determine frequency scaling factors subject to different thermodynamic properties and/or thermal conditions. Many-step reaction mechanisms of ALD gas phase precursors of each of the three oxides with residual water, or regime of low pressure H2OÓALD pulses, have been studied in detail. Strong anharmonic internal movements of molecular species throughout the hydrolysis reactions have been observed and qualitatively discussed in relation with their possible effects on the reactions' kinetics. TMA/H2O reactions have been validated as strongly exothermic, while Hafnium and Zirconium tetrachlorides have founded to react endothermically with single H2O molecule. We have also studied in detail reaction mechanisms of the related on-surface ALD-complexes with water vapors. Our theoretical investigations address to the initial stage of ALD growth, more s pecifically on SiO2/Si(001)-2x1 like surfaces. The proposed many-step mechanisms, similar to those discussed for the gas phase, confirmed again the strong reactivity of H2O molecule with on-surface Aluminum hydroxymethylides, and responds strong endothemically as for the hydroxylation of Zirconium and Hafnium on-surface hydroxychlorides. The last two proved a very similar surface chemistry. Finally the cooperative effects of H2O molecules have been considered in our models of reactions, and have revealed dramatic influences on the reactivity Zirconium- and Hafnium hydroxychlorides surfaces. Our results proved the importance of both cooperative interactions of on-surface complexes and H2O molecules in the case of the Zirconia and HafniaÓALD growth, while for Aluminum oxide, presently considered ideal for ALD growth, these effects seem of secondary importance
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von, Wenckstern Michael. "Web applications using the Google Web Toolkit." Master's thesis, Technische Universitaet Bergakademie Freiberg Universitaetsbibliothek "Georgius Agricola", 2013. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:105-qucosa-115009.
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This diploma thesis describes how to create or convert traditional Java programs to desktop-like rich internet applications with the Google Web Toolkit. The Google Web Toolkit is an open source development environment, which translates Java code to browser and device independent HTML and JavaScript. Most of the GWT framework parts, including the Java to JavaScript compiler as well as important security issues of websites will be introduced. The famous Agricola board game will be implemented in the Model-View-Presenter pattern to show that complex user interfaces can be created with the Google Web Toolkit. The Google Web Toolkit framework will be compared with the JavaServer Faces one to find out which toolkit is the right one for the next web projectDiese Diplomarbeit beschreibt die Erzeugung desktopähnlicher Anwendungen mit dem Google Web Toolkit und die Umwandlung klassischer Java-Programme in diese. Das Google Web Toolkit ist eine Open-Source-Entwicklungsumgebung, die Java-Code in browserunabhängiges als auch in geräteübergreifendes HTML und JavaScript übersetzt. Vorgestellt wird der Großteil des GWT Frameworks inklusive des Java zu JavaScript-Compilers sowie wichtige Sicherheitsaspekte von Internetseiten. Um zu zeigen, dass auch komplizierte graphische Oberflächen mit dem Google Web Toolkit erzeugt werden können, wird das bekannte Brettspiel Agricola mittels Model-View-Presenter Designmuster implementiert. Zur Ermittlung der richtigen Technologie für das nächste Webprojekt findet ein Vergleich zwischen dem Google Web Toolkit und JavaServer Faces statt
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CHAN, Wen-mao, and 詹文懋. "Integrating and application research of region drainage system for gate and pump : Dong-Shih pumping station." Thesis, 2009. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/14912649702806485003.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立成功大學
水利及海洋工程學系專班
97
The average annual rainfall is between 1,600mm ~ 3,200mm in Taiwan. Although it is 2.6 times greater than worlds average, water resources are less effey used because of steep slope. In additional, the greenhouse effect is affecctivelting global climate change resulting in rising of sea level and the geographical environment is vulnerable to typhoons, the lower region especially the coastal area is easily inundated. In order to improve the drainage of lower region, the government subsidizes the funds every year to improve or construct drainages, gates, pumping stations, detention pools and wetlands. However, the funds are limited and the flood problems can’t be solved in one step. It is necessary to analyze the feasibility of all strategies to achieve the highest value in lowest cost. It ought to be the key that government evaluates the methods of flooding control. Upgrading the prevention of inundation problems in village is especially the most important thing. Generally speaking, the more useful and obvious strategy of preventing village is village-surround embankment with the setting of pumping stations。This research compared the costs of different type facilities in the pumping station and concluded the most favorable equipment-configuration. The Dong-Shih pumping station was the studied sample. Through assessing the possible economic benefits from different combination of gates and pumps, the research made the conclusions and suggestions to the design and plan of a pumping station and be a reference for public and private departments.
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Linton, Greg. "Virtualization of CubeSat downlink ground stations using the APRS I-Gate network." 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/1993/31931.
Full textAbstract:
This thesis presents the design, simulation and analysis of a new network based on the Automatic Packet Reporting System (APRS) concept to enhance communications of CubeSat.
Created in the 1980s, APRS is arguably one of the world’s largest Radio Frequency (RF) networks maintained by a community of licensed amateur radio volunteers for a variety of terrestrial purposes. Using these established nodes we can create a virtualized ground station network for satellite downlinks.
Based on literature reviews of CubeSat communications systems and their orbital elements, as well as direct surveys of the amateur radio community, comprehensive far-field antenna models were created in 4nec2 for both the ground and space sections of the CubeSat downlink. The ground station antenna models include: a directional AMSAT/OSCAR Yagi-Uda, an omnidirectional J-pole, ground plane, and a whip antenna. The CubeSat antenna models used include dipoles, monopoles, and turnstiles. These models were evaluated and then imported into the Analytical Graphics Inc (AGI) Systems Tool Kit (STK) to form a discrete event simulation based on nonhomogeneous WGS84 location data extracted from real world APRS Internet Gateway (I-Gate) packets. All objects within the simulation use realistic antenna models, node locations, propagation models and satellite orbital mechanics. This simulation can act as a suite of generally applicable example satellites models (ExampleSat) for analytical comparisons that include link budgets, access times, differing data rates, antenna designs, orbital altitudes and ground station locations. Furthermore, it represents a North American continental scale RF satellite communications downlink network model.
Using the virtual ground station network alters the net probability distribution of the received signal from the spacecraft. Specifically, the thesis compares non-stationary time series analysis methods upon the net received signal. The virtualized ground station network enables the aggregated received signal to appear stationary. This in turn may allow for alternative signals analysis techniques to improve a CubeSat’s downlink performance. The simulation allows us to generate representative received signals from ExampleSat to the ground station nodes for exploratory analysis, utilizing less arbitrary assumptions.
This simulation and the set of models enable a more rapid start to trade-off studies for link budget design. This set of ExampleSat downlink models can be used by new designers of small-satellite communications systems.February 2017
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夏子康. "A public partaking model of urban planning a cohort study in the case of redeveloping project of west gate downtown and Wan Hua station." Thesis, 1991. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/08391119428731204029.
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Chang, Hsiao-Yu, and 張曉昱. "Applying Game Theory to Citizen Participation in Urban Planning：A Case Study of Fu Yang Gas Station." Thesis, 2007. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/fcs3s2.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立臺北科技大學
建築與都市設計研究所
95
Citizen Participation of Urban Planning in Taiwan, which came from the 1st Amendment of Urban Planning Act in 1974, has been using protests as the way of forcefully making their opinions heard on controversial issues all the time. Today, it became even worse in particular as the public opinion is getting extremely high respect. Because of the resident’s opposition, the implementation of Fu Yang Gas Station plan had been dragged from 2001 to 2003 to finally reach an agreement. It cost inestimable time and money though. By reviewing the case above, this research will show how Game Theory can be applied to approach the problem. The conclusions are as follows: 1. Game Theory benefits this research. 1.1 Using systematical analysis and projecting in Citizen Participation can be more efficient than depending on discussion only. 1.2 Analyzing relevant factors before examining various interactive strategies. 1.3 Analyze and predict the opposite player’s behavior. 1.4 All the individuals interact with one another in an effort to achieve their own goals. 2. Game Theory is helpful on diagnosing problems and making solutions. 3. The key minority union has to be made upon the opposite player’s policy. 4. Applying Game Theory to the Urban Planning in Taiwan will restrict people alliance. 5. The people of this study object highly distrust the present Urban Planning system. 6. The populace is not acquainted with the operation and content of Urban Planning. 7. As insisting on their own standpoint without attempting to understand the match’s at the begging, game players of Urban Planning lost the best opportunity for collaboration.
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Das, Bishnu Prasad. "Random Local Delay Variability : On-chip Measurement And Modeling." Thesis, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/2005/1008.
Full textAbstract:
This thesis focuses on random local delay variability measurement and its modeling. It explains a circuit technique to measure the individual logic gate delay in silicon to study within-die variation. It also suggests a Process, Voltage and Temperature (PVT)-aware gate delay model for voltage and temperature scalable linear Statistical Static Timing Analysis (SSTA).
Technology scaling allows packing billions of transistors inside a single chip. However, it is difficult to fabricate very small transistor with deterministic characteristic which leads to variations. Transistor level random local variations are growing rapidly in each technology generation. However, there is requirement of quantification of variation in silicon. We propose an all-digital circuit technique to measure the on-chip delay of an individual logic gate (both inverting and non-inverting) in its unmodified form based on a reconfigurable ring oscillator structure. A test chip is fabricated in 65nm technology node to show the feasibility of the technique. Delay measurements of different nominally identical inverters in close physical proximity show variations of up to 28% indicating the large impact of local variations.
The huge random delay variation in silicon motivates the inclusion of random local process parameters in delay model. In today’s low power design with multiple supply domain leads to non-uniform supply profile. The switching activity across the chip is not uniform which leads to variation of temperature. Accurate timing prediction motivates the necessity of Process, Voltage and Temperature (PVT) aware delay model. We use neural networks, which are well known for their ability to approximate any arbitrary continuous function. We show how the model can be used to derive sensitivities required for voltage and temperature scalable linear SSTA for an arbitrary voltage and temperature point. Using the voltage and temperature scalable linear SSTA on ISCAS 85 benchmark shows promising results with average error in mean delay is less than 1.08% and average error in standard deviation is less than 2.65% and errors in predicting the 99% and 1% probability point are 1.31% and 1% respectively with respect to SPICE.
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BABASOLA, ADEGBOYEGA. "System Study and CO2 Emissions Analysis of a Waste Energy Recovery System for Natural Gas Letdown Station Application." Thesis, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1974/6004.
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A CO2 emission analysis and system investigation of a direct fuel cell waste energy recovery and power generation system (DFC-ERG) for pressure letdown stations was undertaken. The hybrid system developed by FuelCell Energy Inc. is an integrated turboexpander and a direct internal reforming molten carbonate fuel cell system in a combined circle.
At pressure letdown stations, popularly called city gates, the pressure of natural gas transported on long pipelines is reduced by traditional pressure regulating systems. Energy is lost as a result of pressure reduction. Pressure reduction also results in severe cooling of the gas due to the Joule Thompson effect, thus, requiring preheating of the natural gas using traditional gas fired-burners. The thermal energy generated results in the emission of green house gases. The DFC-ERG system is a novel waste energy recovery and green house gas mitigation system that can replace traditional pressure regulating systems on city gates.
A DFC-ERG system has been simulated using UniSim Design process simulation software. A case study using data from Utilities Kingston’s city gate at Glenburnie was analysed. The waste energy recovery system was modelled using the design specifications of the FuelCell Energy Inc’s DFC 300 system and turboexpander design characteristics of Cryostar TG120. The Fuel Cell system sizing was based on the required thermal output, electrical power output, available configuration and cost. The predicted performance of the fuel cell system was simulated at a current density of 140mA/cm2, steam to carbon ratio of 3, fuel utilization of 75% and oxygen utilization of 30%. The power output of the turboexpander was found to strongly depend on the high pressure natural gas flowrate, temperature and pressure. The simulated DFC-ERG system was found to reduce CO2 emissions when the electrical power generated by the DFC-ERG system replaced electrical power generated by a coal fired plant.Thesis (Master, Chemical Engineering) -- Queen's University, 2010-08-31 02:02:11.392
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lung, tan chin, and 石金龍. "The Research in the Affection of Brand Image and Brand Loyalty which from the Broadcast Chinese Professional Baseball game ─An Example as Han-Shen Broadcasting Station." Thesis, 2007. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/04984101114884374215.
Full textAbstract:
碩士亞洲大學
經營管理學系碩士班
95
The competition of broadcast market has become fierce. Though public broadcasting stations have received support of policy and budget from the government, they are still facing the challenge of growing listenership from newly established broadcasting stations. The studied institute, Han-Shen Broadcasting Station was established in 1942. It has been assigned the commission of policy publication, education, and public service since then. Therefore, the brand image has been conservative and traditional. Furthermore, in order to collaborate the reengineering of military organization, some potential and young broadcasting professionals left the company. These disadvantages have become latent problems of the company. In the meanwhile Chinese Baseball League was founded in 1990. Due to the topicality of international baseball tournaments and outstanding performances of the Taiwanese baseball players in the U.S.A., Han-Shen Broadcasting Station has found its new strategies. From 2003 to 2007 Chinese Baseball League and Han-Shen Broadcasting Station have become strategic partners and provided mutual sponsorship to each other. Han-Shen Broadcasting Station exclusively broadcasts live matches on holidays and weekends through FM, AM, and broadband. Its popularity has risen again. III The aim of the research is to explore the relationship between Chinese Baseball League and brand image as well as loyalty of the broadcasting companies. The results of the study will provide suggestions to Han-Shen Broadcasting Station for gaining more market share of listenership. This research was based on the brand theories established by academic, and incorporated the empirical experiences of Han Broadcasting Company. The study carried out depth interviews with the employees of Han-Shen Broadcasting Station. A questionnaire was designed and conducted in baseball fields to collect data from baseball participants. The results of the study show that Han-Shen Broadcasting Station has benefited from the broadcasting programs of Chinese Baseball League and managed to disengage itself from the conservative image. Now Han-Shen Broadcasting Station has reinvigorated with an energetic image. Moreover, its brand image and brand loyalty have been improved.(
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Rauf, Awais. "Estimation of Pile Capacity by Optimizing Dynamic Pile Driving Formulae." Thesis, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10012/6651.
Full textAbstract:
Piles have been used since prehistoric times in areas with weak subsurface conditions either to reinforce existing ground, create new ground for habitation or trade, and support bridges and buildings. Originally piles were composed of timber and driven with drop hammers using very heavy ram weights. As technology improved so did the materials that piles are composed of as well as the equipment itself. Currently, piling is a multibillion dollar a year industry, thus the need to develop more accurate prediction methods can potentially represent a significant savings in cost, material, and man power.
Multiple predictive methods have been developed to estimate developed pile capacity. These range from static theoretical formulae based on geotechnical investigation prior to pile driving even occurring using specific pile and hammer types to semi empirically based dynamic formulae used during actual driving operations to more recently developed computer modeling and signal matching programs which are calibrated with site condition during initial geotechnical investigations or test piling to full scale static load tests where piles are loaded to some predetermined value or failure condition.
In this thesis, dynamic formulae are used to predict pile capacity from those installed by drop and diesel hammers and are compared to the results from pile load tests, which are taken as the true measure of developed bearing capacity. The dynamic formulae examined are the Engineering News Record (ENR), Gates, Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) modified Gates, Hiley, and Ontario Ministry of Transportation (MTO) modified Hiley formulae.
Methods of investigation include calculating pile capacities from the formulae as they are, omitting the factors of safety, revising the formulae with averaged coefficients and conducting multi regression analysis to solve for one or two coefficients simultaneously and revising the dynamic formula to determine if more accurate bearing capacity prediction are possible.
To objectively determine which formulae provide the most accurate bearing capacities, the predicted capacities will be compared to results obtained from static pile load tests and simple statistics on the resulting data set will be calculated including regression analysis, standard deviations, coefficients of variation, coefficients of determination, and correlation values.
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Zaman, Rownak Jyoti. "A comprehensive study of 3D nano structures characteristics and novel devices." 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2152/15350.
Full textAbstract:
Silicon based 3D fin structure is believed to be the potential future of current semiconductor technology. However, there are significant challenges still exist in realizing a manufacturable fin based process. In this work, we have studied the effects of hydrogen anneal on the structural and electrical characteristics of silicon fin based devices: tri-gate, finFET to name a few. H₂ anneal is shown to play a major role in structural integrity and manufacturability of 3D fin structure which is the most critical feature for these types of devices. Both the temperature and the pressure of H₂ anneal can result in significant alteration of fin height and shape as well as electrical characteristics. Optimum H₂ anneal is required in order to improve carrier mobility and device reliability as shown in this work. A new hard-mask based process was developed to retain H₂ anneal related benefit while eliminating detrimental effects such as reduction of device drive current due to fin height reduction. We have also demonstrated a novel 1T-1C pseudo Static Random Access Memory (1T-1C pseudo SRAM) memory cell using low cost conventional tri-gate process by utilizing selective H₂ anneal and other clever process techniques. TCAD-based simulation was also provided to show its competitive advantage over other types of static and dynamic memories in 45nm and beyond technologies. A high gain bipolar based on silicon fin process flow was proposed for the first time that can be used in BiCMOS technology suitable for low cost mixed signal and RF products. TCAD-based simulation results proved the concept with gain as high 100 for a NPN device using single additional mask. Overall, this work has shown that several novel process techniques and selective use of optimum H₂ anneal can lead to various high performance and low cost devices and memory cells those are much better than the devices using current conventional 3D fin based process techniques.text
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Kennington, Raymond William. "Random allocations: new and extended models and techniques with applications and numerics." 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/2440/41885.
Full textAbstract:
This thesis provides a general methodology for classifying and describing many combinatoric problems, systematising and finding theoretical expressions for quantities of interest, and investigating their feasible numerical evaluation. Unifying notation and definitions are provided. Our knowledge of random allocations is also extended. This is achieved by investigating new processes, generalising known processes, and by providing a formal structure and innovative techniques for analysing them. The random allocation models described in this thesis can be classified as occupancy urn models, in which we have a sequence of urns and throw balls into them, and investigate static, waiting-time and dynamic processes. Various structures are placed on the relationship(s) between cells, balls, and the selection of items being distributed, including varieties, batch arrivals, taboo sets and blocking sets. Static, waiting-time and dynamic processes are investigated. Both without-replacement and with-replacement sampling types are considered. Emphasis is placed on the distributions of waiting-times for one or more events to occur measured from the time a particular event occurs; this begins as an abstraction and generalisation of a model of departures of cars parked in lanes. One of several additional determinations is the platoon size distribution. Models are analysed using combinatorial analysis and Markov Chains. Global attributes are measured, including maximum waits, maximum room required, moments and the clustering of completions. Various conversion formulae have been devised to reduce calculation times by several orders of magnitude. New and extended applications include Queueing in Lanes, Cake Displays, Coupon Collector's Problem, Sock-Sorting, Matching Dependent Sets (including Genetic Code Attribute Matching and the game SET), the Zig-Zag Problem, Testing for Randomness (including the Cake Display Test, which is a without-replacement test similar to the standard Empty Cell test), Waiting for Luggage at an Airport, Breakdowns in a Network, Learning Theory and Estimating the Number of Skeletons at an Archaeological Dig. Fundamental, reduction and covering theorems provide ways to reduce the number of calculations required. New combinatorial identities are discovered and a well-known one is proved in a combinatorial way for the first time. Some known results are derived from simple cases of the general models.http://proxy.library.adelaide.edu.au/login?url= http://library.adelaide.edu.au/cgi-bin/Pwebrecon.cgi?BBID=1309598
Thesis (Ph.D.) -- University of Adelaide, School of Mathematical Sciences, 2007
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Kennington, Raymond William. "Random allocations: new and extended models and techniques with applications and numerics." Thesis, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/2440/41885.
Full textAbstract:
This thesis provides a general methodology for classifying and describing many combinatoric problems, systematising and finding theoretical expressions for quantities of interest, and investigating their feasible numerical evaluation. Unifying notation and definitions are provided.
Our knowledge of random allocations is also extended. This is achieved by investigating new processes, generalising known processes, and by providing a formal structure and innovative techniques for analysing them.
The random allocation models described in this thesis can be classified as occupancy urn models, in which we have a sequence of urns and throw balls into them, and investigate static, waiting-time and dynamic processes. Various structures are placed on the relationship(s) between cells, balls, and the selection of items being distributed, including varieties, batch arrivals, taboo sets and blocking sets.
Static, waiting-time and dynamic processes are investigated. Both without-replacement and with-replacement sampling types are considered. Emphasis is placed on the distributions of waiting-times for one or more events to occur measured from the time a particular event occurs; this begins as an abstraction and generalisation of a model of departures of cars parked in lanes. One of several additional determinations is the platoon size distribution.
Models are analysed using combinatorial analysis and Markov Chains. Global attributes are measured, including maximum waits, maximum room required, moments and the clustering of completions. Various conversion formulae have been devised to reduce calculation times by several orders of magnitude.
New and extended applications include Queueing in Lanes, Cake Displays, Coupon Collector's Problem, Sock-Sorting, Matching Dependent Sets (including Genetic Code Attribute Matching and the game SET), the Zig-Zag Problem, Testing for Randomness (including the Cake Display Test, which is a without-replacement test similar to the standard Empty Cell test), Waiting for Luggage at an Airport, Breakdowns in a Network, Learning Theory and Estimating the Number of Skeletons at an Archaeological Dig.
Fundamental, reduction and covering theorems provide ways to reduce the number of calculations required.
New combinatorial identities are discovered and a well-known one is proved in a combinatorial way for the first time.
Some known results are derived from simple cases of the general models.Thesis (Ph.D.) -- University of Adelaide, School of Mathematical Sciences, 2007