Academic literature on the topic 'The station Gate'
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the lists of relevant articles, books, theses, conference reports, and other scholarly sources on the topic 'The station Gate.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Journal articles on the topic "The station Gate"
1
Chen, Shi Gui, and Xi Zhang. "Optimized Simulation of Automatic Gate System of Beijing Tianjin Intercity Line on Beijing South Railway Station." Applied Mechanics and Materials 602-605 (August 2014): 1391–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.602-605.1391.
Full textAbstract:
Railway stations automatic gate system is an important part of railway passenger transport management system. The scientific and reasonable configuration of railway station ticketing equipment and reasonable choice seized outlets is significant on effective passenger organization, give full play to the ability of the equipment, and improve the operation and management level and service quality. Based on the field investigation, the actual utilization of automatic gate system of Beijing Tianjin intercity line on Beijing South Railway Station is calculated and analyzed. Finally, based on the analysis results and the calculated data, simulation is conducted for automatic gate system of Beijing Tianjin intercity line on Beijing South Railway Station using WITNESS and then propose optimized scheme.
2
Alfathani, Ahmad Sony, Dwi Rahmasari Fatmawati, Gema Wahyu Fadhilah, and Khuma Iroh Nur Azizah. "MONITORING ESSENTIAL SOIL NUTRIENT BASE ON INTERNET OF THINGS ON DIPTEROCARPUS LITTORALIS PLANT." OISAA Journal of Indonesia Emas 3, no. 1 (January 15, 2020): 32–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.52162/jie.2020.003.01.5.
Full textAbstract:
Dipterocarpus littoralis known locally as pelahlar, is a producer of endemic commercial wood in Nusakambangan. Pelahlar habitat that is isolated in one island and a narrow genetic distribution causes the risk of extinction of this species is increasing. The effort to conserve rare flora can be done by monitoring and observation the balance of essential nutrients at the site of growth. So we need a system that is able to monitor the balance of essential nutrients and pH in the soil to support the growth of rare flora based on the Internet of Things (IoT). This system consists of a sensor station and a central gate station that is connected based on a star network. scheduling of sending data from the sensor station to the gate station is determined from the results of competition between sensor stations based on the backoff of each sensor station. through this scheme an increase in throughput and collision values is based on the number of sensor stations. From our proposed scheme, it is found that the more sensor stations that compete, the smaller the value of the throughput of the system.
3
Indriatmiko, Pungki. "The The Characteristics of Heritage Stations and Its Transformation along the Railway Track of Jombang City to Tuban." Built Environment Studies 2, no. 1 (April 30, 2021): 37–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/best.v2i1.1082.
Full textAbstract:
The station is one mode of transportation that shows the progress of the civilization of a city. Stations in Indonesia are one of the modes of transportation that are influenced by the development of transportation technology problems that began in 1983 and is one of the third train developments in the world. This study wanted to find out about the facade characteristics possessed by station-stations in Indonesia. In this study, it is intended to see the characteristics formed from the building facades, the proportions resulting from the composition of the existing space which will be reflected in the proportions and scale of the building. The station building on the Jombang Kota - Tuban track has the characteristics of a long building with the facade composition from the direction of passenger arrival dominated by the composition of the windows and on the reverse side the composition of the doors. Station buildings have a gate which is always at the end of the station building. The entrance gate of the building represents the convenience for passengers to enter with an opening that is wide enough and easily recognizable.
4
Gao, Shun Li, Hong Yu Li, Yong Zheng Shi, Dan Ping Yan, and Rong Liu. "Discussion on the Structure of Low-Temperature Radiant Heater of Gate Station." Applied Mechanics and Materials 700 (December 2014): 660–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.700.660.
Full textAbstract:
As the city develops radiady, the natural gas is widely used nealy in every filed of people’s lives. During the pressure regulation, the phenomenon of ice jam, which can affect the normal utilization, happens. Heater can be regarded as one of the most important measures that prevents pipe from freezing occurring due to temperature drop caused by pressure regulation. Low-temperature radiant heater with tight structure is specifically designed for gad gate station. The heat transfer process of the gate station is analyzed. In the meantime, the mathematical model of radiant heater, which could be fitted for the gate station, is erected. At the same time, the influence of heat exchange size, radiant panel size and radiant efficiency, brought by tube are discussed. The result shows that the tube type of radiant heater has a greatest performance. Considering the tubes with compact structure, taking tube type of radiant heater as the heater used in gate station is the optimal decision. The analysis combined in this paper is the foundation to choose the heater of gate station.
5
Lu, Shuai. "Research and practice on the intelligent transformation of the gate control system in a large hydropower station." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2399, no. 1 (December 1, 2022): 012038. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2399/1/012038.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract With the development of information technology, the research on the hydropower stations intelligence has gradually become an important indicator for the evaluation of the hydropower industry. Therefore, it is of great significance to carry out the intelligent transformation of relevant equipment and systems in hydropower stations by integrating emerging information technology. In view of the implementation content of the intelligent project transformation of the gate control system in a large hydropower station, this research studies the structural design of the control system, the power supply design, the component selection, the multiple landing gate function, the intelligent protection and monitoring function, and the intelligent network architecture design of IEC61850, and analyses the practice on the intelligent transformation. Therefore, this paper can provide a certain reference for the intelligent transformation, research, and development of the gate control system of hydropower stations.
6
Pianjing, Prisna, and Jarunee Wites. "Life Cycle Analysis of Milkfish Fingerlings Production in Thailand." International Journal of Environmental Science and Development 12, no. 11 (2021): 332–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.18178/ijesd.2021.12.11.1358.
Full textAbstract:
This study revealed the results from a life cycle inventory of milkfish (Chanos chanos) fingerlings production in Thailand and a life cycle assessment (LCA). A scope of study was a gate -to-gate of milkfish fingerlings production. Life cycle inventories were performed based on the production of 1,000,000 fingerlings. The assessments of environmental impacts were global warming potential (GWP), acidification potential (AP), eutrophication potential (EP). There were 5 major stations of milkfish fingerlings production including the brood stock, breeding, nursery, live feed, and support station. The brood stock station exhibited the highest GWP at 51,128.38 kg CO2 eq. The major source of GWP was from energy consumption. The highest AP was from breeding station at 12,794.75 kg SO2 eq. The major source was from energy used for aeration and water pumping. The highest EP was from breeding station at 172,796.10 kg PO4 eq. The use of feeds that contained lower fish meal and a good administration of feeding process could help to reduce the global warming potential. Application of alternative energy sources such as wind energy could decrease global warming and acidification impact.
7
Xu, Yang, Zheng gui Li, Chengyong Gong, Zhijun Guan, and Biao Ma. "Analysis and research on sluice gate flow of a hydropower station under different working conditions." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1037, no. 1 (June 1, 2022): 012059. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1037/1/012059.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract The rationality design of the sluice gate directly influences the flood control capacity of hydropower stations. To demonstrate the rationality of the creation of the spillway gate of a hydropower station in the Yellow River Basin, this paper adopts the method of combining model test with a mathematical model to study the pressure, flow velocity, and water level changes of the spillway gate of the hydropower station under the working conditions of check flood and design flood. The research results show that there is no negative pressure in the whole flood discharge sluice dam section under check flood and desert flood conditions. The pressure characteristics of each area of the sluice floor are good, and the velocity distribution is uniform. However, the outflow velocity of the reinforced cage section is greater than the anti-scour velocity of the river under the two working conditions, which impacts the downstream river, so it is necessary to increase the length of the reinforced cage section appropriately. The water flow falls twice in the spillway dam section. The initial position of the first fall is the same under two working conditions. However, the falling depth decreases with the decrease of reservoir water level. The second fall position moves backward with the reduction of the water level. This paper provides a theoretical reference for the demonstration of flood discharge capacity of other hydropower stations through the analysis and research of the flood discharge sluice state of this hydropower station.
8
Shao, S., Z. G. Li, X. Y. Kong, and J. Kang. "Analysis of deformation characteristics of flood gates of runoff hydropower stations under different operating conditions in case of frequent floods." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1037, no. 1 (June 1, 2022): 012060. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1037/1/012060.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract The safety and reliability of flood gates of runoff hydropower stations in the basin are very important. There is no clear rule on the mechanical causes of flood gate deformation in runoff hydropower stations under frequent floods. Therefore, this paper takes a hydropower station as the research object, adopts the unidirectional fluid-solid coupling method, and investigates the stress displacement of flood gate under typical frequent flood conditions by using ANSYS and Fluent software. The results show that the maximum stress of the flood gate is located at the intersection of the bottom two sides of the gate panel and the gate pier, and the stress meets the stiffness requirement. When the gate is opened, the stress distribution range of the panel is shifted from the top to the bottom, and the stress decreases with the increase of the gate opening degrees. The maximum total displacement is concentrated at the bottom of the central axis in the direction of the panel span, and gradually decreases from the middle of the gate panel to the left and right sides, showing a fan-shaped distribution, and basically symmetrical along the central axis of the panel. The flood gate is mainly deformed along the downstream direction, with obvious depression characteristics.
9
Stone, Sally. "Gate 81:." idea journal 14, no. 1 (July 3, 2018): 80–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.37113/ideaj.vi0.70.
Full textAbstract:
The discovery and recognition of the embodied meaning of a place can be interpreted through the existing building. The installation artist, the designer and the architect regard the building not as a blank canvas but as multi- layered structure, which they have the opportunity to activate. They have the opportunity to reflect upon the contingency, usefulness and emotional resonance of a particular place and use this knowledge to heighten the viewer’s perception of it.
The relationship between the building and its wider location has often been seen as somewhat ambiguous and yet it is possible to describe some spaces as encapsulating, in miniature, the characteristic qualities or features of a much wider situation.The interior has an obvious and direct relationship with the building that it occupies, the people who use it, and also it can have a connection with the area in which it is located.
Preston Bus Station is a marvellously brutal building. In 2012, the Preston City Council proposed its demolition and replacement with a surface car park; they refused to consider proposals for building re-use. This provocative act galvanised the various groups that were campaigning to save the building and proved to be the impetus for a number of different types of projects.
Gate 81, a collaboration between architects, designers, academics and arts organisations, curated a series of events within the Bus Station with the intention of raising the profile of the building.This paper will discuss the nature of the building, document the Gate 81 projects and report upon this sanguine approach to conservation.
10
Wang, Shu Wei, Li Shan Sun, Jian Rong, and Zi Fan Yang. "Transit Station Service Level Research Based on Fuzzy Comprehensive Evaluation." Applied Mechanics and Materials 253-255 (December 2012): 1906–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.253-255.1906.
Full textAbstract:
The Beijing Subway system carries about 8 million passengers per day in 2012, and the congestions caused by large passenger volume has become a major issue in transit stations especially transfer ones. In order to suppress the congestion to an acceptable level, an indicator reflecting transit station service level is urgently needed. However, previous researches mainly focus on the passenger density of certain areas, such as stairs and walking corridors. This paper aims to propose a composite indicator reflecting the service level of a whole transit station. Filed investigation of several transfer stations was conducted during peak commuting period, in order to find out the usual congestion points of each passenger flow line. According to investigation results, Platform stair, Exit AGM (Automatic Gate Machine), Platform and Corridor entrance were chosen as key nodes to reflect transit station service level. And the weight of each key node was decided by the average passenger density ratio, based on simulation experiment of SHD station. Finally, the service level of SHD station was evaluated with fuzzy comprehensive evaluation.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "The station Gate"
1
Asco, Amadeo. "Constructive and evolutionary algorithms for airport baggage sorting station and gate assignment problems." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2013. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/13784/.
Full textAbstract:
Correct assignment of airport resources can greatly affect the quality of service which airlines and airports provide to their customers. Good assignments can help airlines and airports to keep to published schedules, by minimising changes in these schedules and reducing delays. Given the expected increases in civil air traffic, the complexities of resource scheduling and assignment continue to increase. For this reason, as well as the dynamic nature of the problems, scheduling and assignment are becoming increasingly more difficult. The assignment of baggage sorting stations to flights is one of the resource assignment problems at an airport, and like many other real world optimisation problems, it naturally has several objectives, which conflict with each other. A model of the problem is presented, different approaches to obtaining good solutions are looked at and studied to gain an insight into their qualities. Furthermore, algorithms are studied to improve the already good solutions obtained by the approaches considered and their performance is studied where some characteristics of the problem change, such as the number of baggage sorting stations or the topology of the airport. Changes to the flight schedule on the day of operation may invalidate previous assignments of flights to resources. These perturbations may not only affect the disrupted flights but also other flights already assigned. Some existing approaches are looked at, and others are suggested to take account of these potential perturbations at the time the assignments are generated with the aim of mitigating their detrimental effect on the day of operation. The constructive search algorithms and robustness methods are potentially important in a wider variety of problems other than the Airport Baggage Sorting Station Assignment Problem (ABSSAP). By way of illustration, the same techniques are applied to the widely studied Airport Gate Assignment Problem (AGAP).
2
Ammersdörfer, Sandra [Verfasser]. "Keeping the gate - experience-dependent neuronal plasticity and stability in an output station of the amygdala / Sandra Ammersdörfer." Hannover : Bibliothek der Tierärztlichen Hochschule Hannover, 2012. http://d-nb.info/102433855X/34.
Full text
3
Polk, David Glen. "Borders and Bandaids." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/56570.
Full textAbstract:
thresh-old
noun `thresh-`hold, `thre-`shold
_the sill of a doorway
_the entrance to a house or building
_any place or point of entering or beginning
A threshold can be understood as the visible or invisible division and
demarcation of space. It is an age-old concept tracing back even to the
first notions of urban space. The largest scaled gestures of thresholds are
those lines and walls that divide nations and territories. All complexities
of past and current geopolitical tensions simply derive from the
interpretations and implementation of the walls and geopolitical lines or
lineaments. It is therefore crucial to comprehend the concept of lineaments
on every scale, as it is the base idea that permeates all design. It is design
in its purest form.
The following architectural argument will explore Leon Battista Albert's
theory of lineaments, particularly the wall as an architectural element, as he
spells out in his architectural treatise On the Art of Building in Ten Books.
A closer look at Alberti's treatise and the idea of lineaments will help to
better refine the definition and implementation of international borders
and treatises. Reconsideration of a lineament in the slightest form has
the potential to drastically change the execution and enforcement of a
lineament in tangible materials and their assembly during construction.
The chosen design proposes a new U.S.-Mexico Joint Land Port of Entry
along the border of Columbus, New Mexico, United State of America, and
Puerto Palomas, Chihuahua, MexicoMaster of Architecture
4
Trněný, Michal. "Návrh rekonstrukce jezu Přízřenice na řece Svratce." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta stavební, 2017. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-265399.
Full textAbstract:
The Diploma Thesis deals with the design of rekonstruction of the controlled weir ´´Prizrenice“ on the river Svratka to a new gate weir structure. The first part focuses on teoretical intro and the processing of data on the area of interest and the selection of appropriate design solution for the reconstruction of the weir, where there are described several types of movable gate. As a part of sollution, there will be design of small hydro power station. At the end of this part the current condition of the buildings and the channel of the Svratka river in the area of interest is evaluated. In the second part, the Thesis deals with the design of the gate weir structure and its subsequent assessment. At first, the solid substructure and the height of the gate is designed and assessed. Subsequently, the stilling basin is designed and in conclusion, the overall stability of the designed structure is assessed.
5
Zeeman, Estelle. "The development of a community radio station for a national game park." Thesis, Pretoria : [s.n.], 2006. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-12152006-140558.
Full text
6
Ståhl, Fanny, and Hanna Holmgren. "Animated vs. Static graphics in a video game : How does animated and static graphics affect the user experience in a game?" Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för datavetenskap, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-132313.
Full textAbstract:
Animation in video game graphics is in some cases a necessity for the game’s mechanics to beproperly communicated to the player. In other cases, it is purely an addition to the game’s expression.In the cases where gameplay is not dependant on animation, how exactly does the animationaffect the gameplay experience? This study examines whether or not there are differencesin user experience when static and animated graphic are compared to one another. To do this,30 test participants played two versions of the same game - one with almost exclusively staticgraphic, and one including more animated graphical elements. The test persons were observedduring the test, and answered questionnaires which examined their emotions using the PANAS-Xquestionnaire and levels of immersion using the Immersive Experience Questionnaire. Wealso included a demographic questionnaire to collect data on the participants’ backgrounds, incase it had any impact on the tests and the overall results. The results of the test showed thatthe two versions did not differ much in how they were perceived - not in emotional responsenor feelings of immersion. Despite this, the preference of the users were weighed towards theanimated version. The reason for this can not be concluded with help of the data collected.
7
Kovařík, Viktor. "IoT systém pro domácnost." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta informačních technologií, 2020. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-417285.
Full textAbstract:
The aim of this thesis was to learn and summarize basic information about IoT systems, which protocols are used and introduction of Google Home system. The first part of the thesis describes the individual parts of the system --- microcontrollers, sensors, light elements and possible systems for backend. In the implementation part of the thesis was designed a solution for smart home controling using Google Home technology. Based on data from the weather station, the system controls and adjusts the intensity of outdoor lighting and controls the blinds. Furthermore, a control module for gate and garage door control is implemented. The system also takes care of vacuum cleaning in the house using iRobot Roomba vacuum cleaners with custom Wi-Fi module. The final part of the thesis summarizes the achieved results.
8
Mahfoud, Ali. "L'experimentation architecturale des gares en Europe : interaction entre image, usage et technique." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018STRAG036.
Full textAbstract:
La gare est une charnière entre les techniques liées aux transports et les lieux qu'elle dessert. Elle profite aujourd'hui de son image pour marquer des nouveaux symboles dans la ville tout en assurant la qualité et l'originalité de ses espaces pour s'adapter à l'évolution des modes de vie, des temporalités et des mobilités urbaines. Les villes européennes sont à nouveau perçues à partir de leur gare. Compte-tenu de leur taille et de leur organisation spatiale, ainsi que de la complexité des rapports qu'elles instaurent avec les quartiers environnants, les gares européennes d'aujourd'hui sont a considérer comme des lieux à fort potentiel expérimental qui reflètent à la fois les avancées techniques et leur traduction dans des espaces de qualité. Cette étude se centralise autour de la question de I' « Europe de la grande vitesse » et des exemples innovants et intéressants des nouveaux bâtiments qui la symbolisent. Elle vise à comprendre les programmes les plus innovants en termes d'interaction entre technique, image et usage. Quelles sont donc les leçons de leur histoire et comment les gares sont-elles intégrées dans leurs contextes urbains ? Et aussi quelles techniques et programmes architecturaux pourraient être les plus adaptés à la prochaine évolution des transports pour les pays qui n'ont pas encore investi dans les réseaux ferrés ?The railway station is a hinge between the techniques related to transport and the places it serves. Today, it benefits from its image to mark new symbols in the city while ensuring the quality and originality of its spaces to adapt to changing lifestyles, temporalities and urban mobility. European cities are again perceived from their train station. Given their size and spatial organization, as well as the complexity of the relationships they establish with the surrounding neighborhoods, today's European railway stations are to be considered as places with high experimental potential which reflect the time technical advances and their translation into spaces of quality.This study is centered around the question of "Europe of high speed" and innovative and interesting examples of new buildings that symbolize it. lt aims to understand the most innovative programs in terms of interaction between technique, image and use. What are the lessons of their history and how are the stations integrated in their urban contexts ? And also what architectural techniques and programs couId be most suitable for the next evolution of transport for countries that have not yet invested in rail networks ?
9
Moldovan, Oana. "Devenlopment of Compact Small Signal Quasi Static Models for Multiple Gate Mosfets." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/8459.
Full textAbstract:
En esta tesis hemos desarrollado los modelos compactos explícitos de carga y de capacitancia adaptados para los dispositivos dopados y no dopados de canal largo (DG MOSFETs dopados, DG MOSFETs no dopados, UTB MOSFETs no dopados y SGT no dopados) de un modelo unificado del control de carga derivado de la ecuación de Poisson. El esquema de modelado es similar en todos estos dispositivos y se adapta a cada geometría. Los modelos de la C.C. y de la carga son completamente compatibles. Las expresiones de la capacitancia se derivan del modelo de la carga. La corriente, la carga total y las capacitancias se escriben en términos de las densidades móviles de la carga en los extremos de fuente y drenador del canal. Las expresiones explícitas e infinitamente continuas se utilizan para las densidades móviles de la carga en la fuente y drenador. Las capacitancias modeladas demuestran el acuerdo excelente con las simulaciones numéricas 2D y 3D (SGT), en todos los regímenes de funcionamiento. Por lo tanto, el modelo es muy prometedor para ser utilizado en simuladores del circuito. Desafortunadamente, no mucho trabajo se ha dedicado a este dominio de modelado. Las cargas analíticas y las capacitancias, asociadas a cada terminal se prefieren en la simulación de circuito. Con respecto al SGT MOSFET, nuestro grupo fue el primero en desarrollar y publicar un modelo de las cargas y de las capacitancias intrínsecas, que es también analítico y explícito. La tesis es organizada como sigue: el capítulo (1) presenta el estado del arte, capítulo (2) el modelado compacto de los cuatro dispositivos: DG MOSFETs dopados, DG MOSFETs no dopados, UTB MOSFETs no dopados y SGT no dopados; en el capítulo (3) estudiamos las capacitancias de fricción en MuGFETs. Finalmente el capítulo (4) resuma el trabajo hecho y los futuros objetivos que necesitan ser estudiados. Debido a la limitación de los dispositivos optimizados disponibles para el análisis, la simulación numérica fue utilizada como la herramienta principal del análisis. Sin embargo, cuando estaban disponibles, medidas experimentales fueron utilizadas para validar nuestros resultados. Por ejemplo, en la sección 2A, en el caso de DG MOSFETs altamente dopados podríamos comparar nuestros resultados con datos experimentales de FinFETs modelados como DG MOSFETs. La ventaja principal de este trabajo es el carácter analítico y explícito del modelo de la carga y de la capacitancia que las hace fácil de implementar en simuladores de circuitos. El modelo presenta los resultados casi perfectos para diversos casos del dopaje y para diversas estructuras no clásicas del MOSFET (los DG MOSFETs, los UTB MOSFETs y los SGTs). La variedad de las estructuras del MOSFET en las cuales se ha incluido nuestro esquema de modelado y los resultados obtenidos, demuestran su validez absoluta. En el capítulo 3, investigamos la influencia de los parámetros geométricos en el funcionamiento en RF de los MuGFETs. Demostramos el impacto de parámetros geométricos importantes tales como el grosor de la fuente y del drenador o, el espaciamiento de las fins, la anchura del espaciador, etc. en el componente parásito de la capacitancia de fricción de los transistores de la múltiple-puerta (MuGFET). Los resultados destacan la ventaja de disminuir el espaciamiento entre las fins para MuGFETs y la compensación entre la reducción de las resistencias parásitas de fuente y drenador y el aumento de capacitancias de fricción cuando se introduce la tecnología del crecimiento selectivo epitaxial (SEG). La meta de nuestro estudio y trabajo es el uso de nuestros modelos en simuladores de circuitos. El grupo de profesor Aranda, de la Universidad de Granada ha puesto el modelo actual de SGT en ejecución en el simulador Agilent ADS y buenos resultados fueron obtenidos.
In this thesis we have developed explicit compact charge and capacitance models adapted for doped and undoped long-channel devices (doped Double-Gate (DG) MOSFETs, undoped DG MOSFETs, undoped Ultra-Thin-Body (UTB) MOSFETs and undoped Surrounding Gate Transistor (SGT)) from a unified charge control model derived from Poisson's equation. The modelling scheme is similar in all these devices and is adapted to each geometry. The dc and charge models are fully compatible. The capacitance expressions are derived from the charge model. The current, total charges and capacitances are written in terms of the mobile charge sheet densities at the source and drain ends of the channel. Explicit and infinitely continuous expressions are used for the mobile charge sheet densities at source and drain. As a result, all small signal parameters will have an infinite order of continuity. The modeled capacitances show excellent agreement with the 2D and 3D (SGT) numerical simulations, in all operating regimes. Therefore, the model is very promising for being used in circuit simulators.
Unfortunately, not so much work has been dedicated to this modelling domain. Analytical charges and capacitances, associated with each terminal are preferred in circuit simulation. Regarding the surrounding-gate MOSFET, our group was the first to develop and publish a model of the charges and intrinsic capacitances, which is also analytic and explicit. The thesis is organized as follows: Chapter (1) presents the state of the art, Chapter (2) the compact modeling of the four devices: doped DG MOSFETs, undoped DG MOSFETs, undoped UTB MOSFETs and undoped SGT; in Chapter (3) we study the fringing capacitances in MuGFETs. Finally Chapter (4) summarizes the work done and the future points that need to be studied.
Due to the limitation of available optimized devices for analysis, numerical simulation was used as the main analysis tool. However, when available, measurements were used to validate our results. The experimental part was realised at the Microelectronics Laboratory, Université Catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la Neuve, Belgium.
For example, in section 2A, in the case of highly-doped DG MOSFETs we could compare our results with experimental data from FinFETs modeled as DG MOSFETs. The main advantage of this work is the analytical and explicit character of the charge and capacitance model that makes it easy to implement in circuit simulators. The model presents almost perfect results for different cases of doping (doped/undoped devices) and for different non classical MOSFET structures (DG MOSFET, UTB MOSFETs and SGT). The variety of the MOSFET structures in which our modeling scheme has been included and the obtained results, demonstrate its absolute validity.
In chapter 3, we investigate the influence of geometrical parameters on the RF performance in MuGFETs. We show the impact of important geometrical parameters such as source and drain thickness, fin spacing, spacer width, etc. on the parasitic fringing capacitance component of multiple-gate field-effect transistors (MuGFET). Results highlight the advantage of diminishing the spacing between fins for MuGFETs and the trade-off between the reduction of parasitic source and drain resistances and the increase of fringing capacitances when Selective Epitaxial Growth (SEG) technology is introduced.
The goal of our study and work is the usage of our models in circuit simulators. This part, of implementing and testing our models of these multi gate MOSFET devices in circuit simulators has already begun. The group of Professor Aranda, from the University of Granada has implemented the SGT current model in the circuit simulator Agilent ADS and good results were obtained.
10
Roudier, Emilie. "Quand la ville moyenne entre en gare : des projets entre mimétisme métropolitain et recompositions territoriales." Thesis, Paris Est, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PESC0040/document.
Full textAbstract:
Depuis la fin des années 1990, de nombreux projets d’aménagement sont lancés dans et autour des gares centrales des villes françaises, encouragés à la fois par des évolutions de l’offre de transport, des politiques publiques et des stratégies des acteurs ferroviaires. Ces projets visent à transformer les gares, au sens stricto-sensu du bâtiment historique, mais aussi à requalifier leurs abords immédiats et/ou leur quartier. La notion de « pôle gare », introduite dans la recherche, désigne ces trois espaces et leurs interdépendances. Si la recherche urbaine a principalement étudié les projets des grandes gares parisiennes et des métropoles régionales, cette thèse s’intéresse à ceux conduits dans les villes moyennes, dont plus de soixante pôles gares ont fait l’objet de réaménagements. Ces projets s’inscrivent toutefois dans des contextes locaux singuliers marqués par des dynamiques socioéconomiques souvent plus limitées et la modestie des ressources financières et techniques des collectivités locales. Cette thèse entend ainsi analyser le décalage entre les enjeux, acteurs et modalités de programmation et de conduite de projet dans les grandes villes avec ce qui est observé dans les villes moyennes, afin de révéler les formes de territorialisation de l’action publique locale en matière d’aménagement des gares. Une comparaison a été réalisée entre les projets de trois pôles gares de villes moyennes françaises (Saintes, Périgueux et Saint-Omer), sur la base d’une enquête qualitative. Celle-ci est fondée en partie sur une immersion dans un bureau d’études qui conseille les collectivités dans l’élaboration de ce type de projets, complétée par des entretiens semi-directifs réalisés avec les différentes parties-prenantes. Les résultats montrent que les projets des villes moyennes sont loin d’être une simple reproduction, en plus petits, des projets métropolitains, même s’ils s’appuient sur les mêmes objectifs et - partiellement -sur les mêmes systèmesd’acteurs. La conduite de projet des collectivités locales se caractérise par des contraintes financières, techniques et politiques qui ont des conséquences dans l’ensemble du dispositif partenarial et leur conception est régie par desstratégies d’aménagement différentes, notamment en matière d’articulation des polarités, de coordination entre urbanisme et transport et de programmation avec une valorisation des aménagements fonctionnels et qualitatifs. De cette façon, cette thèse contribue à enrichir le regard posé sur les villes moyennes et à formuler une grille de lecture originale de la territorialisation de l’action publique localeSince the end of the 1990s, a number of urban planning initiatives have been launched in and around French train stations, fueled by the evolution of transportation modes and services, public policies and changing strategies from railway operators. These initiatives have ambitioned to transform railway stations, altering the historical definition of the word, and extending this transformation to their immediate surroundings and neighborhoods. The notion of “station cluster”, presented in this paper, defines these three areas and the interlinkages that exist between them. While past theses have mainly studied projects focused on Paris’ main railway stations and major urban areas, this thesis shines the spotlight on station clusters redevelopments in medium-sized cities. More than sixty different such projects have been studied for this paper, each anchored in unique local contexts, marked by more limiting socioeconomic dynamics and by the modest financial and technical resources found in these local communities. This thesis therefore intends to analyze the gap between local issues, actors, zoning requirements and project management in major urban cores and their adjustment for medium-sized cities to try and reveal forms of adaptation and regionalization of public policies in regards to the planning of railway station projects. A comparison was made between the station clusters of three medium sized French cities (Saintes, Périgueux and Saint-Omer) based on a qualitative survey partly grounded in the involvement with a transportation consulting office working with local urban planning authorities and the conducting of semi-directive interviews with project actors. The results have shown that mid-sized city projects, while pursuing similar goals, and partially relying on the same players, are not the simple, yet shrinked, reproduction of major metropolitan projects. This thesis therefore contributes in putting the spotlight on medium-sized cities as well as providing an original reading grid of local public policies and actions
Books on the topic "The station Gate"
1
Guardians of the gate. Bloomington, IN: iUniverse, 2011.
Find full text
2
Immigration at the Golden Gate: Passenger ships, exclusion, and Angel Island. Westport, Conn: Praeger, 2008.
Find full text
3
Association, San Mateo County Historical. Historic resource study for Golden Gate National Recreation Area in San Mateo County: Sweeney Ridge, Rancho Corral de Tierra (and the Montara Lighthouse Station), Mori Point, Phleger Estate, Milagra Ridge. San Francisco, CA: Golden Gate National Recreation Area, 2010.
Find full text
4
La gare d'Orsay: The Orsay Station. Paris: N. Chaudun, 2007.
Find full text
5
Caroline, Lamarche, ed. Liège-Guillemins: La gare blanche. Wavre, Belgique: Mardaga, 2010.
Find full text
6
Acemoglu, Daron. Aggregate comparative statics. Cambridge, MA: Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Economics, 2009.
Find full text
7
San Francisco (Calif.). Office of the Controller. City Services Auditor Division. Port Commission: Concession reviews of BAE Systems, San Francisco ship repair ; RGN Corporation dba Butterfly Restaurant ; Castagnola's Restaurant ; Frances Y. Chu and Jyi Jeng Hwang dba Crab Station ; Blue Jeans Equities West dba Fog City Diner ; Golden Gate Scenic Steamship Corporation ; Scoma's Restaurant, Inc. San Francisco, Calif: Office of the Controller, 2009.
Find full text
8
Maxwell-Stewart, Hamish. Closing hell's gates: The death of a convict station. Crows Nest, N.S.W: Allen & Unwin, 2008.
Find full text
9
Maxwell-Stewart, Hamish. Closing hell's gates: The death of a convict station. Crows Nest, N.S.W: Allen & Unwin, 2008.
Find full text
10
Closing hell's gates: The death of a convict station. Crows Nest, N.S.W: Allen & Unwin, 2008.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "The station Gate"
1
Majumdar, Kaushik, Robert M. Norton, T. Scott Murrell, Fernando García, Shamie Zingore, Luís Ignácio Prochnow, Mirasol Pampolino, et al. "Assessing Potassium Mass Balances in Different Countries and Scales." In Improving Potassium Recommendations for Agricultural Crops, 283–340. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-59197-7_11.
Full textAbstract:
AbstractEstimating nutrient mass balances using information on nutrient additions and removals generates useful, practical information on the nutrient status of a soil or area. A negative input–output balance of nutrients in the soil results when the crop nutrient removal and nutrient losses to other sinks become higher than the nutrient inputs into the system. Potassium (K) input–output balance varies among regions that have different climates, soil types, cropping systems, and cropping intensity. This chapter illustrates the farm-gate K balances in major production areas of the world and their impacts on native K fertility and crop yields. On-farm and on-station research examples show significant negative K balances in South Asia and Sub-Saharan Africa, while China, the USA, Brazil, and countries of the Latin America Southern Cone highlighted continued requirement of location-specific K application to maintain crop yields and soil K fertility status at optimum levels.
2
Ciesla, Robert. "Game Developer’s Battle Station." In Mostly Codeless Game Development, 181–86. Berkeley, CA: Apress, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4842-2970-5_9.
Full text
3
Henzinger, Thomas A., Rupak Majumdar, Freddy Mang, and Jean-François Raskin. "Abstract Interpretation of Game Properties." In Static Analysis, 220–39. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-45099-3_12.
Full text
4
Abramsky, Samson. "Algorithmic Game Semantics and Static Analysis." In Static Analysis, 1. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/11547662_1.
Full text
5
Dimovski, Aleksandar, Dan R. Ghica, and Ranko Lazić. "Data-Abstraction Refinement: A Game Semantic Approach." In Static Analysis, 102–17. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/11547662_9.
Full text
6
Hymans, Charles, and Eben Upton. "Static Analysis of Gated Data Dependence Graphs." In Static Analysis, 197–211. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-27864-1_16.
Full text
7
Matsumoto, Akio, and Ferenc Szidarovszky. "Discrete Static Games." In Game Theory and Its Applications, 7–19. Tokyo: Springer Japan, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-4-431-54786-0_2.
Full text
8
Matsumoto, Akio, and Ferenc Szidarovszky. "Continuous Static Games." In Game Theory and Its Applications, 21–47. Tokyo: Springer Japan, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-4-431-54786-0_3.
Full text
9
Huntley, Jarryd, and Hanna Brady. "Static, Singletons, and Game Managers." In Game Programming for Artists, 89–96. Boca Raton : CRC Press, [2018]: A K Peters/CRC Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/b22049-6.
Full text
10
Aliber, Robert Z. "Radio Luxembourg and the Eurodollar Market Are Both Offshore Stations." In The International Money Game, 173–86. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-19566-4_10.
Full textConference papers on the topic "The station Gate"
1
Liu, Jinbo, and Hongming Zhang. "Numerical simulations of hydropower station plane steel gate." In 2015 International Power, Electronics and Materials Engineering Conference. Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/ipemec-15.2015.40.
Full text
2
Taheri Seresht, Ramin, Hassan Khodaei Jalalabadi, and Babak Rashidian. "Retrofit of Tehran City Gate Station (C.G.S.No.2) by Using Turboexpander." In ASME 2010 Power Conference. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/power2010-27087.
Full textAbstract:
Worldwide energy crisis makes it necessary to optimize consumption. One of the fundamental ways to reduce energy consumption is recovery from wasted energy. This can be applied in oil, gas and petrochemical industries in which large amounts of energy waste occur. We can refer to gas transportation when there is a pressure reduction at natural gas pressure reducing stations. In common classic methods, this reduction is accomplished through regulators or throttle valves which the great amount of energy existing in pipelines lost by them. In this paper, it has been suggested to use expansion turbine for achieving pressure reduction, as well as energy recovery goals. In this regard, Tehran City Gate Station No.2 which is one of the large natural gas pressure reducing stations in Iran (both from capacity and inlet pressure perspectives), has been selected as a case study. In first step waste of energy was calculated by using exergy analysis and in second step, by using expansion turbines that are used parallel in the station for achieving the goals of gas reduction pressure and power recovery was simulated in four scenarios by Thermoflow1 software. The results show undeniable fact that the Energy loss at this station has been 38,443,578 KWhr for a year. As a result of using turboexpander, the exergy recovery will be 96%. At the final step, one scenario was selected as the best which its period of payback was about 2 years.
3
Kostowski, Wojciech, Barbara Mendecka, Krzysztof Gorny, Janusz Skorek, Damian Kasprzak, Janusz Rajnhold, Aleksandra Linkowska, and Andrzej Kozik. "Designing a perimetric integrity evaluation system for a natural gas city gate station." In 2012 13th International Carpathian Control Conference (ICCC). IEEE, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/carpathiancc.2012.6228662.
Full text
4
Nikbakht, M., Ali Sayyah, and N. Zulkifli. "Hazard identification and accident analysis on city gate station in natural gas industry." In 2010 International Conference on Environmental Engineering and Applications (ICEEA). IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iceea.2010.5596080.
Full text
5
Teng, Wei-Hsien, Ming-Hsi Hsu, Chung-Jen Lu, and Tsang-Jung Chang. "Simulations of Flood and Inundation Affected by Pumping-Station and Flood-Gate Operations." In 29th Annual Water Resources Planning and Management Conference. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/40430(1999)130.
Full text
6
Gandhi, Prasanna S., Vishal Prajapati, Himani Shah, and Ramanath Pai. "Development of Mechanical Probe Station for Characterization of Micro-Flexure Mechanisms." In ASME 2011 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2011-62912.
Full textAbstract:
Similar to electrical probing of semiconductor chips, mechanical probing of MEMS chips (especially containing moving elements) is essential to verify their functionality before packaging. The functionality may include as simple as verification of release of the device from substrate or more sophisticated force vs displacement performance characterization. In this paper we develop a novel mechanical probing station based on the parallelogram flexure mechanism with a magnetic coil as an actuator for probing. We propose a design which allows application of forces in two directions. The proposed design is realized in practice using mechanical and electronic modifications in a standard CD ROM head. The mechanical probe station is calibrated for applied voltage vs force. Successful probing of micro-flexural NOT gate and pneumatic actuator, fabricated by SOIMUMPs process, is demonstrated.
7
Hu, Lina, Huajin Yu, and Mingyu Lv. "Temperature Field Analysis for Freezing Sealing Structure of Sodium Gate Valve in China Experiment Fast Reactor (CEFR)." In 2013 21st International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone21-16544.
Full textAbstract:
In order to achieve the localization of the large-scale sodium gate valve in fast reactor nuclear power station, this paper use fluid software FLUEN, using two different methods, analysis temperature field of sodium gate valve freezing sealing structure of CEFR. The first method is to establish air model; the second method is to making use of experimental relation to calculate surface coefficient of heat transfer to simulate temperature field of freezing sealing structure of sodium gate valve in CEFR. Compared with measuring results on-site, simulation results of the first method have error within 10%. Therefore, it is feasible that simulating temperature field of freezing sealing structure with this method. That will promote structure design of freezing sealing of sodium gate valve for large fast rector power plant.
8
Kwak, Sooyeong, Guntae Bae, Manbae Kim, and Hyeran Byun. "Unusual behavior detection in the entry gate scenes of subway station using Bayesian networks and inference." In Electronic Imaging 2008, edited by Kurt S. Niel and David Fofi. SPIE, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.766946.
Full text
9
Luo, Jing, Hang Wang, and Minjun Peng. "Anomaly Detection of Electric Gate Valve Based on Multi-Kernel Support Vector Machine." In 2021 28th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone28-64766.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Valve is an indispensable fluid control component in nuclear power system. Nuclear power station has a large number of gate valve equipment, which works under high temperature, high pressure, high radioactivity and other harsh conditions. In nuclear power plant accidents and economic losses, a considerable part of them are caused by valve failure. Aiming at the fault of electric gate valve, this paper proposes an anomaly detection method based on multi-kernel support vector machine. Firstly, the acoustic emission instrument is used to measure the fault state data and extract the fault features. Secondly, on the basis of classical support vector machine, multiple kernel function combinations are selected to decompose the model into convex optimization problems to realize the abnormal state detection of internal leakage fault of electric gate valve in nuclear power plant. The results show that, compared with the classical support vector machine method, the constructed support vector machine method based on multikernel learning has better effect and higher accuracy in anomaly detection of electric gate valve.
10
Zhu, Yongzhong, Jian Zhang, and Ming Hu. "Random Model of Water Hammer Pressure and Probability Analysis in Waterpower Station." In ASME/JSME 2007 5th Joint Fluids Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fedsm2007-37426.
Full textAbstract:
Considering such factors as the original load of turbine, closure time of wicket gate, and water level of reservoir are changeable in the practical operation of waterpower station, they should be regarded as random variables in water hammer analysis. Accordingly, random model of water hammer with random boundary conditions and random initial states is introduced in this paper. And the probability distribution law of each of random variables is concluded. Concerning a single hydraulic system, firstly, random computational formulas for increasing pressures and maximum pressures of water hammer with random variables are deduced. Then theoretical formulas for sensitivity analysis are provided and, with these formulas, sensitivity analysis for water hammer is made. Besides, probability density formulas for increasing pressures and maximum pressures of water hammer are given. And the method of distribution type fitting is introduced to determine the distribution of water hammer pressures. Thereby conclusions are drawn that the distribution of increasing pressures of water hammer in single systems of waterpower station is log-normal type and that of maximum pressures is normal type. Finally, all the methods involved are verified through computational examples.
Reports on the topic "The station Gate"
1
Raymond, Kara, Laura Palacios, Cheryl McIntyre, and Evan Gwilliam. Status of climate and water resources at Saguaro National Park: Water year 2019. Edited by Alice Wondrak Biel. National Park Service, December 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/nrr-2288717.
Full textAbstract:
Climate and hydrology are major drivers of ecosystems. They dramatically shape ecosystem structure and function, particularly in arid and semi-arid ecosystems. Understanding changes in climate, groundwater, and water quality and quantity is central to assessing the condition of park biota and key cultural resources. The Sonoran Desert Network collects data on climate, groundwater, and surface water at 11 National Park Service units in south-ern Arizona and New Mexico. This report provides an integrated look at climate, groundwater, and springs conditions at Saguaro National Park (NP) during water year 2019 (October 2018–September 2019). Annual rainfall in the Rincon Mountain District was 27.36" (69.49 cm) at the Mica Mountain RAWS station and 12.89" (32.74 cm) at the Desert Research Learning Center Davis station. February was the wettest month, accounting for nearly one-quarter of the annual rainfall at both stations. Each station recorded extreme precipitation events (>1") on three days. Mean monthly maximum and minimum air temperatures were 25.6°F (-3.6°C) and 78.1°F (25.6°C), respectively, at the Mica Mountain station, and 37.7°F (3.2°C) and 102.3°F (39.1°C), respectively, at the Desert Research Learning Center station. Overall temperatures in WY2019 were cooler than the mean for the entire record. The reconnaissance drought index for the Mica Mountain station indicated wetter conditions than average in WY2019. Both of the park’s NOAA COOP stations (one in each district) had large data gaps, partially due to the 35-day federal government shutdown in December and January. For this reason, climate conditions for the Tucson Mountain District are not reported. The mean groundwater level at well WSW-1 in WY2019 was higher than the mean for WY2018. The water level has generally been increasing since 2005, reflecting the continued aquifer recovery since the Central Avra Valley Storage and Recovery Project came online, recharging Central Arizona Project water. Water levels at the Red Hills well generally de-clined starting in fall WY2019, continuing through spring. Monsoon storms led to rapid water level increases. Peak water level occurred on September 18. The Madrona Pack Base well water level in WY2019 remained above 10 feet (3.05 m) below measuring point (bmp) in the fall and winter, followed by a steep decline starting in May and continuing until the end of September, when the water level rebounded following a three-day rain event. The high-est water level was recorded on February 15. Median water levels in the wells in the middle reach of Rincon Creek in WY2019 were higher than the medians for WY2018 (+0.18–0.68 ft/0.05–0.21 m), but still generally lower than 6.6 feet (2 m) bgs, the mean depth-to-water required to sustain juvenile cottonwood and willow trees. RC-7 was dry in June–September, and RC-4 was dry in only September. RC-5, RC-6 and Well 633106 did not go dry, and varied approximately 3–4 feet (1 m). Eleven springs were monitored in the Rincon Mountain District in WY2019. Most springs had relatively few indications of anthropogenic or natural disturbance. Anthropogenic disturbance included spring boxes or other modifications to flow. Examples of natural disturbance included game trails and scat. In addition, several sites exhibited slight disturbance from fires (e.g., burned woody debris and adjacent fire-scarred trees) and evidence of high-flow events. Crews observed 1–7 taxa of facultative/obligate wetland plants and 0–3 invasive non-native species at each spring. Across the springs, crews observed four non-native plant species: rose natal grass (Melinis repens), Kentucky bluegrass (Poa pratensis), crimson fountaingrass (Cenchrus setaceus), and red brome (Bromus rubens). Baseline data on water quality and chemistry were collected at all springs. It is likely that that all springs had surface water for at least some part of WY2019. However, temperature sensors to estimate surface water persistence failed...
2
Raymond, Kara, Laura Palacios, Cheryl McIntyre, and Evan Gwilliam. Status of climate and water resources at Chiricahua National Monument, Coronado National Memorial, and Fort Bowie National Historic Site: Water year 2019. National Park Service, May 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/nrr-2293370.
Full textAbstract:
Climate and hydrology are major drivers of ecosystems. They dramatically shape ecosystem structure and function, particularly in arid and semi-arid ecosystems. Understanding changes in climate, groundwater, and water quality and quantity is central to assessing the condition of park biota and key cultural resources. The Sonoran Desert Network collects data on climate, groundwater, and surface water at 11 National Park Service units in southern Arizona and New Mexico. This report provides an integrated look at climate, groundwater, and springs conditions at Chiricahua National Monument (NM), Coronado National Memorial (NMem), and Fort Bowie National Historic Site (NHS) during water year (WY) 2019 (October 2018–September 2019). Overall annual precipitation at Chiricahua NM and Coronado NMem in WY2019 was approximately the same as the normals for 1981–2010. (The weather station at Fort Bowie NHS had missing values on 275 days, so data were not presented for that park.) Fall and winter rains were greater than normal. The monsoon season was generally weaker than normal, but storm events related to Hurricane Lorena led to increased late-season rain in September. Mean monthly maximum temperatures were generally cooler than normal at Chiricahua, whereas mean monthly minimum temperatures were warmer than normal. Temperatures at Coronado were more variable relative to normal. The reconnaissance drought index (RDI) indicated that Chiricahua NM was slightly wetter than normal. (The WY2019 RDI could not be calculated for Coronado NMem due to missing data.) The five-year moving mean of annual precipitation showed both park units were experiencing a minor multi-year precipitation deficit relative to the 39-year average. Mean groundwater levels in WY2019 increased at Fort Bowie NHS, and at two of three wells monitored at Chiricahua NM, compared to WY2018. Levels in the third well at Chiricahua slightly decreased. By contrast, water levels declined in five of six wells at Coronado NMem over the same period, with the sixth well showing a slight increase over WY2018. Over the monitoring record (2007–present), groundwater levels at Chiricahua have been fairly stable, with seasonal variability likely caused by transpiration losses and recharge from runoff events in Bonita Creek. At Fort Bowie’s WSW-2, mean groundwater level was also relatively stable from 2004 to 2019, excluding temporary drops due to routine pumping. At Coronado, four of the six wells demonstrated increases (+0.30 to 11.65 ft) in water level compared to the earliest available measurements. Only WSW-2 and Baumkirchner #3 have shown net declines (-17.31 and -3.80 feet, respectively) at that park. Springs were monitored at nine sites in WY2019 (four sites at Chiricahua NM; three at Coronado NMem, and two at Fort Bowie NHS). Most springs had relatively few indications of anthropogenic or natural disturbance. Anthropogenic disturbance included modifications to flow, such as dams, berms, or spring boxes. Examples of natural disturbance included game trails, scat, or evidence of flooding. Crews observed 0–6 facultative/obligate wetland plant taxa and 0–3 invasive non-native species at each spring. Across the springs, crews observed six non-native plant species: common mullein (Verbascum thapsus), spiny sowthistle (Sonchus asper), common sowthistle (Sonchus oleraceus), Lehmann lovegrass (Eragrostis lehmanniana), rabbitsfoot grass (Polypogon monspeliensis), and red brome (Bromus rubens). Baseline data on water quality and water chemistry were collected at all nine sites. It is likely that that all nine springs had surface water for at least some part of WY2019, though temperature sensors failed at two sites. The seven sites with continuous sensor data had water present for most of the year. Discharge was measured at eight sites and ranged from < 1 L/minute to 16.5 L/minute.
3
Araya, Mesele, Pauline Rose, Ricardo Sabates, Dawit Tibebu Tiruneh, and Tassew Woldehanna. Learning Losses during the COVID-19 Pandemic in Ethiopia: Comparing Student Achievement in Early Primary Grades before School Closures, and After They Reopened. Research on Improving Systems of Education (RISE), November 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.35489/bsg-rise-ri_2022/049.
Full textAbstract:
The outbreak of COVID-19 pandemic has disrupted the education sector in unprecedented ways. As with many other countries around the world, the Ethiopian government closed schools following the first identified case in the capital city, Addis Ababa, on the 16th of March 2020. Across the country, these closures resulted in more than 26 million learners staying at home for almost eight months (UNESCO, 2021). In addition to this hiatus in their education, pupils were promoted automatically to the next grade with only 45 days of catch-up classes (Ministry of Education, 2020). In other words, those attending a specific school grade in March 2020 were then promoted to the next grade when school resumed in October 2020. For a significant proportion of Ethiopian pupils, learning during school closures was extremely limited despite the government’s efforts to create educational programmes via national television and radio stations (Kim et al., 2021a; Yorke et al., 2020). School closures, combined with barriers to accessing remote educational resources, meant potential learning losses for a significant number of pupils. Several studies have already indicated that COVID-19 resulted in learning losses, especially among the poorest and most disadvantaged groups. A study in Indonesia found that pupils lost 11 points on the PISA3 reading scale due to the four-month school closure from March to July 2020 (Yarrow, Masood & Afkar, 2020). It was also estimated that Grade 4 pupils in South Africa experienced losses equivalent to more than 60 percent of an academic year (Ardington, Wills & Kotze, 2021), while pupils in the UK lost a third of their expected learning during pandemic-related school closures (Major, Eyles & Machin, 2021). It is anticipated that school closures in Ethiopia could similarly result in learning losses and challenges for pupils to catch up with their learning, particularly for those from disadvantaged backgrounds. Our related emerging findings in Ethiopia have indicated that school closures exacerbated pre-existing inequalities in education, where progress was much lower for rural students compared to those in urban areas who were tracked from Grade 4 to Grade 6 (Kim et al., 2021b; Bayley et al., 2021). Building on this work in Ethiopia, this Insight Note provides a new perspective on numeracy achievements of Grade 1 and Grade 4 pupils by comparing learning at the start of each academic year and the gains over the course of the year across two academic years: 2018-19 and 2020-21. During the 2018-19 academic year, the Research on Improving Systems of Education (RISE) Ethiopia programme collected data on students’ numeracy achievement from 168 schools. After schools reopened in October 2020, and with additional support from the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation, data on students’ numeracy achievements were collected for two new cohorts of pupils in Grades 1 and 4 in the same schools using the same instruments. This has enabled us to compare learning patterns between two cohorts in the same grades and schools before and during the pandemic. More specifically, in this Insight Note, we aim to: -Compare foundational numeracy levels of pupils entering Grade 1 in the 2020-21 academic year relative to those in 2018-19. -Compare progress in foundational numeracy for Grade 1 pupils over the course of the 2020-21 academic year relative to that seen during the 2018-19 academic year. -Compare numeracy levels of pupils entering Grade 4 in the 2020-21 academic year relative to those entering the same grade in 2018-19. -Compare progress in numeracy for Grade 4 pupils over the course of the 2020-21 academic year relative to the progress seen during the 2018-19 academic year. -Estimate the magnitude of learning loss attributable to the pandemic by calculating the difference in numeracy levels and progress between the two cohorts.