Journal articles on the topic 'The Russian Case'
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1
Horowitz, Brian. "Jewish Identity and Russian Culture: The Case of M. O. Gershenzon*." Nationalities Papers 25, no. 4 (December 1997): 699–713. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00905999708408535.
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In late tsarist Russia, when a Russian historian writes about Russia he need not justify his activity; his work is naturally understood as an example of cultural self-expression. When a Jew, however, writes about Russia for an intended Russian audience, he has to explain and defend his work before himself, before his fellow Jews and before hostile Russians. His work inevitably elicits questions, and coming from a repressed ethnic minority, the assimilated Jew appears suspect. Why does he so love the nation which treats his people so badly?
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Rajić, Nikola. "Russia's neo-imperialist ambitions: Analysis of the foreign policy towards Georgia." Civitas 11, no. 2 (2021): 226–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/civitas2102226r.
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The Caucasus, dubbed "the Eurasian Balkans" by Zbigniew Brzezinski, or "the near abroad" (bližnee zarubež'e) by the Russians, is both a region of strategic interest for Russia, and a space where the Russian foreign policymaking was clearly manifested, Russia's main goal being to establish regional dominance and discourage the Western influence in the region. Using comparative and content analysis and relying on the theory of offensive structural realism, the paper will discuss the foreign policy of the Russian Federation towards Georgia in the years after the disintegration of the Soviet Union. Analysing the case studies of South Ossetia and Abkhazia, the paper seeks to show how Russia's neo-imperial foreign policy has been shaped, and how Russia's foreign policy has shifted in accordance with the part of the Caucasus involved in the conflict and the degree of anti-Russian influence in it. The results show that Russia carefully created the conditions and chose the moment to use the conflict, i.e., the secession on the Georgian soil, to position itself as a regional hegemon.
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Alekseenkova, Elena. "Reaction of Italy to the special military operation of Russia on the territory of Ukraine." Analytical papers of the Institute of Europe RAS, no. 1 (2022): 63–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.15211/analytics1920226370.
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An unprecedented high level of consolidation is observed within the Italian political system, as well as between Italy and its partners in the EU, NATO and G7 in assessing Russia's actions in Ukraine. Italy has actively begun to freeze the assets of Russian "oligarchs". However, Italian companies operating in Russia have chosen a wait-and-see approach and avoid prompt decisions. This leaves hope for pragmatic solutions in case of a more flexible Russian approach to the issues of “nationalization” and “external management”, and in case of positive dynamics of negotiations between Russia and Ukraine. Italy's most pressing challenge is to reduce its dependence on Russian gas.
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Ashraf, Muhammad Imran, Athar Ali, and Syed Umair Jalal. "Explaining Russian Resurgence: The Case Study of Georgia and Ukraine." Global Foreign Policies Review I, no. I (December 30, 2018): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/gfpr.2018(i-i).01.
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This thesis is an attempt to explain the Russian resurgence: The case study of Georgia and Ukraine, with the help of theoretical framework structural realism. Russia having large territory is full of natural resources, under the leadership of Putin Russia utilized its natural resources to regain its lost position and power. In this research I tried to find out the answers of the questions: Why Russia is resurging in Georgia and Ukraine? How we can explain Russia NATO relations and what will be the future course of this relationship? This study is qualitative in nature and case study design has been used. Both Primary and secondary data is being used. This study explains the probability of emergence of the new regional powers, and alliances due to Russian resurgence that counter US and NATO role in world politics up to a certain level. Russian decision to enter into the Syrian crisis and the conflict between Turkey and Russia made my hypothesis true, that Russian resurgence lead to more conflicts between Russia and NATO. Along with all diplomatic channels and cooperation between NATO and Russia has been suspended due the Russian resurgence.
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Myasnikov, S. A. "LEGITIMISATION OF RUSSIA'S SPECIAL FOREIGN POLICY OPERATIONS: STRATEGIC NARRATIVES OF RUSSIAN OFFICIALS." Вестник Пермского университета. Политология 16, no. 4 (2022): 105–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.17072/2218-1067-2022-4-105-117.
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The article presents the results of an analysis of the strategic narratives of the President of Russia and representatives of the Russian Foreign Ministry in substantiating Russian military operations abroad. The analysis is carried out on the example of the military operation in Georgia (2008), special operation in Crimea (2014), Crimea joining Russia, and the military operation in Syria (since 2015). The justification for military operations was mainly carried out by the president and representatives of the Russian Foreign Ministry. The justification for military operations was intended to legitimize the military actions and decisions of the Russian Federation. Officials used strategic, national and issue narratives. The core of the justification was the interpretation of historical memory and the description of the actions of Western countries as contrary to international law. The author shows that the justification for Russia's military operation in Georgia differed from that of the Crimea joining Russia, and the military operation in Syria. In the first case, Russian officials blamed Western countries for illegitimate actions to a lesser extent than in the case of justifying the Crimea joining Russia, and the military operation in Syria. Moreover, after 2017 Russian actors began to use narratives about the humanitarian mission of Russia.
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Viktorova, Elena V., Daria A. Petrenko, Natalia V. Vlasova, and Eugenia V. Shishkina. "European and national identity in the perceptions of modern Russian youth: the case of St. Petersburg." VESTNIK INSTITUTA SOTZIOLOGII 13, no. 1 (2022): 144–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.19181/vis.2022.13.1.779.
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The article deals with the problem of the formation of the identity of the modern Russian student youth in St. Petersburg. The study is relevant due to the insufficient formation of modern Russian identity and its value bases, as well as the need to study the influence of European values on the worldview of the modern Russian youth in the context of globalisation. The purpose of the study was to identify the level of European identity among the Russian youth, as well as the attitude of the youth of St. Petersburg to Russian and European identities, to the problems of European integration, mutual influence of the cultures. The young generation born in the new Russia after the collapse of the Soviet Union was formed under the influence of the emerging new Russian identity, as well as the European identity, Western values and the processes of globalisation. Students of St. Petersburg, historically the most European city in Russia, were selected as the target group of the study. The method of in-depth interviews was used as the main research tool. The results of the study showed the great importance for young Russians of the concept of "European identity", as well as European values and the European way of life, that confirms the assumption preceding the study about the significance of European influence on the worldview of modern youth in the context of globalisation. The attitude of the surveyed youth towards Russian identity is less positive, being consistent with the researchers' statements about the lack of clarity regarding the concept of "Russian identity" and its basic values. The limitation of the study is that the sample included only students from St. Petersburg, and therefore its results are difficult to extrapolate to other regions of Russia, due to the special position of the city. The results of the study are preliminary in nature, allowing to identify the most significant trends in the formation of identity among today's youth, that will serve as the basis for further research. The analysis of the study data showed that the European project of identity formation is more attractive to the surveyed youth than the Russian project of identity formation.
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Djuric, Djordje. "A form of creating historical consciousness: The Russian academy and Varangian question." Zbornik Matice srpske za drustvene nauke, no. 152 (2015): 471–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/zmsdn1552471d.
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The establishment of the Academy of Sciences in St. Petersburg gave a great impetus to the development of historiography in Russia, and likewise to the development of other sciences. The idea of establishing the Academy of Sciences in Russia came from Peter the Great. Because there did not exist a system of higher education or a university in Russia at that time, scientists who were to become the first members of the Academy, had to be brought in from abroad. The enlightened ruler did not regret spending effort and money for this purpose. Large sums of money were assigned to the purchase of books and to the salaries and awards of the future members of the Academy. The Academy started its activities in December 1725, and during the first few decades it was led by scientists from abroad, mainly from German countries. That was also the case with the Humanities Section, which, among other things, supposed to deal with Russian history. The bases for work at the Russian Academy in St. Petersburg in the following decades were set by: Gottlieb Siegfried Bayer, Gerhard Friedrich M?ller and August Ludwig von Schl?zer. On the bases of the Russian historical material that they collected, primarily Nestorov letopis (Nestor?s chronicle) that describes the events of the 9th century, they came to far-reaching conclusions about the origin of the Russian people and the establishment of the Russian state and its institutions. This way was opened the so called Varangian question and formulated Norman theory of the origin of the Russians. In the first half of the 18th century, Russian historian Vasily Nikitich Tatishchev, academician Mikhail Vasilyevich Lomonosov and other Russian scientists opposed to these theories. During the 19th century, these theories were accepted, with certain modifications, by the most distinguished Russian bourgeois historians Karamzin, Soloviev, Pagodin and others. The Bolsheviks mostly rejected these theories or they were simplified and reduced to the social segment that the Russian people were oppressed, and that the majority the oppressor elite was of foreign origin. As is the case with the interpretations of many historical events and processes, the conclusions related to the Varangian question and Norman theory were widely influenced by the time in which the author wrote, and by his political and ideological attitudes. That was perhaps more pronounced in this case, because it was the question of the origin and ethnogenesis of the Russian people and the establishment of the Russian state and its institutions.
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Isurin, Ludmila. "Does language transfer explain it all? The case of first language change in Russian-English bilinguals." Russian Journal of Linguistics 25, no. 4 (December 18, 2021): 908–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.22363/2687-0088-2021-25-4-908-930.
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The present paper discusses findings from an empirical study looking into grammatical changes of Russian as the native language under the influence of English as a foreign language in a group of Russian-English bilinguals residing in the U.S. Twenty monolingual Russians and thirty Russian-English bilinguals participated in the study. All bilingual participants emigrated from Russia after their Russian language was fully acquired and had lived in the U.S. for 10-31 years prior to the time of the study. A semi-structured interview targeting autobiographical memories was employed as an elicitation technique. The analysis of narratives revealed distinctive changes in Russian in the two domains: word order and null subject use. The observed changes in the use of null pronominals suggested transfer from English. Bilinguals with more exposure to English used null pronominals less frequently. However, the directionality of effect in the use of the inverted word order by bilinguals was opposite to the predictions. Bilinguals with a very limited current exposure to Russian retained the inverted word order better than bilinguals with a broad exposure to Russian. Changes in the use of the inverted word order were partly attributed to the observed changes in the use of impersonal and existential sentences. The paper argues against cross-linguistic influence as the sole explanation of the first language changes.
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ДЕМЬЯНЕНКО, Александр Николаевич, Максим Вадимович КЛИЦЕНКО, Елена Егоровна ТОТОНОВА, Вадим Николаевич УКРАИНСКИЙ, Владислав Афиногенович ЧЕРНОВ, and Жан Жанович ЧИМИТДОРЖИЕВ. "Touristic Researches: Russian case." Известия Восточного института 1, no. 53 (March 2022): 11–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.24866/2542-1611/2022-1/11-26.
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В Высшей школе медиа, коммуникаций и сервиса Тихоокеанского государственного университета (Хабаровск) 29 октября 2021 года был проведен семинар "Туристические исследования: российский кейс". Участие в семинаре приняли как сотрудники ТОГУ, так и представители других университетов и научно-исследовательских организаций. Круг, обсуждаемых вопросов касался как состояния российских туристических исследований, так и проблем развития туризма на северных территориях и в Дальневосточном макрорегионе. туризм, туристические исследования, северный туризм, туристические потоки, Дальний Восток, АТР
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Krivko, Mikhail, and Luboš Smutka. "Trade Sanctions and Agriculture Support in Milk and Dairy Industry: Case of Russia." Sustainability 12, no. 24 (December 10, 2020): 10325. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su122410325.
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Economic sanctions between the European Union and Russia have significantly changed trade relations between them, while there are controversial assessments of sanctions’ impact on both economies. Russian import ban has changed domestic producer prices in Russia, offering domestic producers a unique opportunity. There is an opinion that increasing self-sufficiency supports sustainable growth in agricultural production. At the same time, there is question of when and whether Russian import ban will be lifted? This paper offers an overview of changes in milk producer prices and support for milk producers in Russia in the period after the Russian import ban. We argue that currently the Russian Government has little incentive to lift import ban for milk and dairy products, as state support of agricultural producers has been decreased in significance for producers and was replaced by market prices support. Main findings suggest that all Russian federal regions experienced significant increases in transfers to producers from consumers; however, the pace of the increase appears to be different across regions. Paradoxically, the Western sanctions helped Russian milk and dairy industry to strengthen its position.
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Lokot, Tetyana. "Articulating Networked Citizenship on the Russian Internet: A Case for Competing Affordances." Social Media + Society 6, no. 4 (October 2020): 205630512098445. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2056305120984459.
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The Russian government’s crackdown on free speech online has seen social media users jailed and fined for publishing critical content. Digital rights activists have cautioned Russians to delete their accounts on platforms that cooperate with law enforcement, but also have advocated for the use of privacy and secure tools. How do these actions inform emergent articulations of networked citizenship in Russia? Using activity reports published online by the state Internet regulator and two digital activist groups, I conduct a narrative analysis of how both parties interpret networked citizenship. I find that the networked authoritarian Russian state embraces the ideal of the dutiful networked citizen online as visible, vulnerable, and controlled, exploiting the melding of public and private aspects of networked publics. Instead, Russian digital rights activists advocate for a self-actualizing networked citizen who exercises agency online by becoming less visible, often ephemeral, and therefore, more secure. This reinterpretation contests the traditional affordances of networked publics and questions conventional ideas of citizenship, agency, and digital rights in the context of non-democratic societies.
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Kasparova, I. "Mergers and Acquisitions Financing: The Russian Case." Voprosy Ekonomiki, no. 4 (April 20, 2007): 85–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.32609/0042-8736-2007-4-85-96.
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The article considers the financial tools of corporate control transfers and mergers and acquisitions financing forms. In western countries tax and informative factors are more important, but in the Russian business market lack of development of the stock market and low cost of securities of Russian companies play the main role. The analysis has shown that in Russia the monetary form of M&A financing dominates over other financing forms (90% of reviewed cases), still there are individual cases of M&A financing by buying company’s shares (10% of reviewed cases).
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Aksiutin, Yurii M. "The Russian Identity in Southern Siberian Republics: Transformation Dynamics and Basis Perception According to the Opinion Polls of 2013-2019." RUDN Journal of Political Science 24, no. 4 (December 7, 2022): 732–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.22363/2313-1438-2022-24-4-732-756.
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The structure of the identity of Russians (including those in Southern Siberia) began to transform after the collapse of the Soviet Union, which resulted in the revival of ethnic identities or the strengthening of different local and territorial ones. The first case was typical for titular Russian ethnic groups, while Russians didn’t have such an evident option. The Russians mostly levelled their identities down and could not find themselves among the vague new Russian identity. The beginning of the 2010s was characterized by not only discussions of the content of Russian identity and the basis for national policy, but also huge generation changes. The purpose of this article is to analyze the dynamics of Russian identity and discover typical features of Russian identity bases among the inhabitants of Khakassia, Tyva and Altai Republics. The analysis is based on opinion polls held in these polyethnocultural regions. As seen from the poll results, about 30 % consider themselves to be inhabitants of Russia. Russian identity is of high priority for people in Khakassia and Altai Republics (it is the first grade in their identities’ structure), while in the Tyva Republic Russian and regional identities are equal. The study discovered that 35-45 % of titular ethnic groups marked Russian citizenship as the basis of their identification: hence, the Russian identity is mostly a mixture of civil and state identities (about one-third of respondents noted “civil identity”). Approximately the same proportion of Russians noted the social and cultural nature of Russian identity.
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Dyker, David. "Will Russia Ever Join the WTO?" Hague Journal of Diplomacy 4, no. 1 (2009): 83–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/187119109x394331.
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AbstractWhy would Russia, a major power, be thwarted for fourteen years in its attempt to join the World Trade Organization (WTO)? Through a detailed examination of Russia's WTO accession negotiations, the diplomatic processes of the WTO's accession procedures are uncovered, showing that this diplomacy is best understood as a complex process where state-level factors and international regime-level factors, such as the rules and conditions of accession, interact. In the Russian case, the dialogue's length partly reflects technical difficulties in specific elements of the negotiations and partly a degree of ambivalence in the Russian government's attitudes towards accession. The Russian economy's high degree of dependence on oil and gas exports has taken the short-run urgency out of the negotiations from the Russian point of view, while reinforcing the medium-term case for accession within the context of a diversification policy. Russia's new President Dmitry Medvedev and new Minister for the Economy Elvira Nabiullina are strongly committed to WTO accession as a basis for developing the Russian economy as an innovation-based economy. Meanwhile, Russia's former President and current Prime Minister Vladimir Putin is sympathetic to that idea, but is inconsistent in his pronouncements. At the regime level, the key obstacles to accession in the past have been Russia's insistence on the freedom to maintain government agricultural subsidies and the reluctance of other WTO members to compromise on this issue. Since the Georgian crisis of August 2008, the United States has tended increasingly to use WTO accession as an instrument of political leverage vis-à-vis Russia. It must be assumed that Georgia will veto any Russian application for membership unless a satisfactory solution to the Abkhazia/South Ossetia issue can be found.
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Besschetnova, Elena. "The Idea of Christian Unity at the End of the Nineteenth Century (the Case of Vl.S. Solovyov)." Church History and Religious Culture 99, no. 1 (May 27, 2019): 46–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18712428-09901002.
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Abstract In the face of political rhetoric about Russia being outside of Europe both in the West and in Russia itself, it is all the more necessary to remember that European and Russian culture grew out of the same source: Christianity. Therefore, inter-confessional dialogue between Russian Orthodoxy and the Roman Catholic Church is particularly relevant today. In this context, scholars have focused attention on the Russian philosopher Vladimir Solovyov, who has been described as a forerunner of the ecumenical movement. This article enriches accounts of his thought by shining a spotlight on the context of spiritual and moral thought in Russia in his day. The article also shows how Russian emperors of the nineteenth century (in particular Alexander III) promoted the idea of a rapprochement with the Holy See. The author argues that these mutual initiatives of the Holy See and the Russian government were the political foundation for Solovyov’s theocratic project. The mid-nineteenth century was remarkable both for the flowering of Russian culture and the strengthening of Russian statehood, which together promoted the formation and articulation of key ideas in Russian intellectual history. The author shows that Russia’s mission to restore Christian unity was central to nineteenth-century Russian thought.
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Durst-Andersen, Per, and Elena Lorentzen. "Pure case and prepositional case in Russian." Russian Linguistics 41, no. 2 (April 25, 2017): 177–221. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11185-017-9177-1.
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NEUMANN, IVER B. "Entry into international society reconceptualised: the case of Russia." Review of International Studies 37, no. 2 (August 25, 2010): 463–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0260210510000756.
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AbstractThis article addresses how entry into international society has been conceptualised, suggests a reconceptualisation that will make the concept more relational, and illustrates with a case study. Part one attempts a summary of relevant debates without the English School, and directs attention to the importance of how entrants draw on memories of its subject position in the suzerain system that it left as it entered international society. Part two discuses the experiences of Russia's predecessor polities, with the focus being on the place of Russian principalities within the suzerain system of the Golden Horde (ca. 1240–1500). I argue that Russia's basic stance towards European polities in the 16th and early 17th centuries is readily understandable in terms of a key memory, namely the one of being dominated by this polity, which was itself an outgrowth of the Mongol empire. Part three demonstrates how the resulting understanding of politics was confirmed by Russian experiences in the 16th and 17th centuries. I suggest that Russia never really let go of its memories of being part of a suzerain system, and that it is therefore still suspended somewhere in the outer tier of international society.
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Schwartz, Mila, and Miriam Minkov. "Russian Case System Acquisition among Russian–Hebrew Speaking Children." Journal of Slavic Linguistics 22, no. 1 (2014): 51–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/jsl.2014.0005.
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Jeifets, Viktor Lazarevich. "Dreaming on Latin America: Reflections on Russian Diplomacy in the Region." Vestnik RUDN. International Relations 20, no. 3 (December 15, 2020): 521–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.22363/2313-0660-2020-20-3-521-533.
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The article contains an outline of evolution of so-called Russian return into Latin America. The author tries to analyze how Russian foreign policy towards the Latin American and Caribbean region over the last three decades pointing some its key features and trying to define existing obstacles for its implementation, and to make some conclusions about possible prospects for Russias position in the region facing new challenges. Based on a literature and media review and a survey of documents and available statistical data, as also on the analysis of official statements, the aim of this article is to contribute towards a more profound understanding of Russias policy in Latin America. The extension of the article doesnt permit to make a thorough research of all the details of Moscows return to the continent; however, the author will refer to Venezuelan case at the contemporary stage as one of the important issues for Russian policy. The crisis in Venezuela proves to be a test for Russia: is it able to maintain an influential actor in Latin America or not. To sum up, this case is important in the context of this article as it shows if Russian diplomacy in Latin America is really new or it is a re-edition of Soviet policy toward the region.
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Spitsyna, Tatiana Andreevna. "How State Supports Investments: Case of Russian Federation." Revista Gestão Inovação e Tecnologias 11, no. 3 (June 30, 2021): 1614–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.47059/revistageintec.v11i3.2035.
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Dolgov, K. M. "SAINT SERGEY OF RADONEZH'S SPIRITUAL HERITAGE AND DESTINIES OF RUSSIA." MGIMO Review of International Relations, no. 3(36) (June 28, 2014): 51–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.24833/2071-8160-2014-3-36-51-57.
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The article is devoted to the memory of Reverend Sergius of Radonezh whose 700th anniversary Russia is celebrating this year. It reviews the heritage of Reverend Sergius of Radonezh in Russian history, the meaning of his name for the Russians, the spiritual and political role of the Christian Orthodoxy in history. The spiritual heritage of Reverend Sergius of Radonezh survived his life and eventually turned into bottomless source of moral authority for the Russian people. His name is a constant reminder of the moral resurrection of the Russian people after ages of feudal strives and Tatars' yoke, which paved the ground for the consequent political rise of Russia. It proves the rule that political power rests on moral authority. The memory of Reverend Sergius of Radonezh is a good benchmark, which we can always check ourselves against, whether we are living up to it or failed. In any case it will remain the guiding light for Russia.
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Morozov, Adriana. "Crisis And Bank Performance In The Covid-19 Era: Russia Case Study." Tamansiswa Management Journal International 5, no. 1 (April 30, 2022): 82–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.54204/tmji/vol512022012.
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This study aims to investigate Russia's financial performance during the COVID 19 outbreak and the financial crisis. We use indicators of bank financial performance as the dependent variable in this study. An indication of bank success is bank profit after taxes. As independent variables, general reserves and finance were utilized. For this investigation, the Russian financial services regulator used a sample of all bank transactions across the country that were recorded (Central Bank of the Russian Federation). This study covers a population of all financial institutions in Russia, including those that are registered and those that are not, throughout a monthly time span from January 1995 to January 2021. We found that financing generally has a very favorable impact on Russian banking performance. However, general reserves have a detrimental impact on Russian bank performance. This makes perfect sense since in a stable economy, financing is the spearhead of bank income with measurable risks so when financing increases, bank income also increases. On the other hand, if the reserves increase, more money will settle and in the end, it will have an impact on the loss of opportunities to earn income. However, during a crisis, financing becomes very risky so it is negatively related to bank performance during a crisis, but it is reserved that are the driving force for bank income from deposits to the central bank.
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Zhavoronkov, S. "Inefficiency of State Property Management (The Case of Large Enterprises)." Voprosy Ekonomiki, no. 9 (September 20, 2004): 44–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.32609/0042-8736-2004-9-44-52.
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The articles by the experts of the Association of Studies of Public Economics analyze the situation with firms of the state sector of the Russian economy along three directions:- qualitative analysis of Russian and foreign experience in governing the public sector of the economy;- institutional and legal analysis of state unitary enterprises (SUEs);- comparative statistical analysis of performance indicators of public and private firms in Russia.On the basis of Russian and foreign experience authors study unsuccessful attempts to create effective forms of state entrepreneurship, argue the impossibility to make positive incentives for managers within the system of "bureaucratic entrepreneurship" and the necessity to limit state intervention into economic activity by a small number of public goods which cannot be provided by markets. Authors give a number of examples of various forms of inefficient governance and misuse of public property in modern Russia. Authors study the evolution of the legal form of SUEs which was created in the Soviet-type economy, perspectives of its existence in the modern Russian legislation. They prove the contradictory nature of SUEs and make conclusion about the inevitability of transformation of this sector of the Russian economy. The results of performance indicators comparison of private and public enterprises are contradictory. Federal SUEs show significantly better results than private firms in return on sales, liquidity and financial stability though return on labor and capital (labor productivity and return on assets) is lower in the SUEs. At the same time corporations with a majority block of shares in the hands of the federal government (which are similar to the SUEs in many aspects) are the worst performers among all types of firms with state participation. Authors attempt to explain these contradictions.
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Bartosiewicz, Adrian. "French-Russian Rivalry in Africa." Security Dimensions 40, no. 40 (March 31, 2022): 40–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0015.8149.
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The Franco-Russian rivalry intensified after Vladimir Putin came to power. Russia began to increase its presence in Africa during this period. The main area of the competition is the Sahel region, where Paris’s influence now dominates. The Russians are acting to build a dominant position, which threatens French interests. The author in this work will present not only the current rivalry, but also the origins of the presence and importance of both powers on the African continent. The aim of this work is to show what areas of contention exist between Moscow and Paris and where the main points of gravity of the rivalry are located. Identify Russian and French interests in Africa and the possibility of citing countries in the sub-Saharan region and the Sahel. Military presence and support seem to be a leading force for creating influence in this sensitive area of the world. The author based his considerations on the following research methods: source analysis, literature of the subject, comparative method, process tracking and case-oriented research, and qualitative data analysis. The competition is pragmatic. Access to Africa’s large natural resources and the use of African economic growth and boosting one’s economies are important. Russians have been building their influence for several years. Their presence has no significant historical basis and focuses on gaining access to raw materials, providing support to autocratic governments and arms trafficking.
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Gelman, Vladimir. "BAD GOVERNANCE UNDER EXOGENOUS SHOCK: THE CASE OF COVID-19 PANDEMIC." Political Science (RU), no. 2 (2021): 34–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.31249/poln/2022.02.02.
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Although COVID-19 pandemic is far from its ending, and it is too early to draw even tentative conclusions regarding its effects, judging by excessive mortality of Russian citizens, one may argue that Russia responded to pandemic much worse than most of developed countries - by the end of 2021, the number of victims exceeded 1 million persons. This outcome resulted from numerous factors, including insufficient funding of public health and ineffectiveness of health policy in Russia during the entire post-Soviet period. However, pernicious effects of bad governance - a politico-economic order, which is aimed at rent-seeking as the major goal of governing Russia - played a major role in devastating outcomes of pandemic. Bad governance contributed to a poor quality of governance in Russia, according to evaluations of several international agencies. It emerged and consolidated in Russia in the early twenty-first century due to many actions of political leadership. Against this background, the pandemic became an exogenous shock, which aggravated numerous previous vices of bad governance in Russia. The article is focused on the impact of mechanisms of governing the Russian state, their incentives for various actors, and effects of political and policy decisions of Russian authorities from the viewpoint of consequences of pandemic for Russia and its citizens.
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Ullah, Altaf, and Akhtar Rasool Bodla. "RUSSIAN CONQUEST OF CENTRAL ASIA: A CASE STUDY OF KHIVA." International Journal of Research -GRANTHAALAYAH 7, no. 10 (June 14, 2020): 255–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.29121/granthaalayah.v7.i10.2019.394.
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Mankind is witnessed to the fact that imperialism has been exhibiting in human history in many forms since long. Subjugation was the earliest form of it where in an empire overpowered an alien society, exploited its land, raw material and subjected it to the service of the superior authority. A similar formula of exploiting the land and people of Central Asia has been assumed by the Russian Imperial power during the nineteenth century. The imperial move of Russia towards this region was considered as the ultimate consequence of a continuous process of expansion of the Russian Empire. This expansionist drive of Russia into the region has been attributed to several factors such as political, military, strategic and above all the economic factor is believed to be the dominant one. The conquest provided the Russian Tsars a golden opportunity to hold their control over a vast area of striking geographic and human diversity. The motives behind this conquest were multidimensional, interrelated and complex. During this process of expansion, the state of Khiva was the first priority of the Russian Empire while materializing their future programme and policies. Though the Empire had already attempted to occupy the state, yet it could not get success prior to 1873. The importance of Khiva cannot be ignored while dealing with the question of Russian conquest of Central Asia in general and Khiva in particular.
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Ioffe, Yulia. "Case of Georgia v. Russia (I) (Just Satisfaction)." American Journal of International Law 113, no. 3 (July 2019): 581–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/ajil.2019.30.
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In Georgia v. Russia (I) (Just Satisfaction), the Grand Chamber of the European Court of Human Rights (ECtHR or Court) ordered the Russian Federation to pay Georgia EUR 10 million as reparation for Russia's “coordinated policy of arresting, detaining and expelling Georgian nationals” in the autumn of 2006 (paras. 51, 80). In so doing, the Court reaffirmed its position from Cyprus v. Turkey (IV) (Just Satisfaction) that financial compensation for non-pecuniary damage can be awarded in interstate cases. Although Georgia v. Russia (I) (Just Satisfaction) marks the development of a new line of ECtHR jurisprudence, it is unlikely that the decision will effectively prevent further mass violations of the European Convention on Human Rights (ECHR or Convention) by the states parties or offer fair compensation to the victims of such violations.
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Orekhovsky, P. "In Memory of the Regional Khozraschyot: The Dilemmas of Russian Federalism." Voprosy Ekonomiki, no. 12 (December 20, 2011): 78–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.32609/0042-8736-2011-12-78-89.
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The paper is devoted to the problems of promoting regional economic growth in Russia. Despite the efforts directed at the reforms of budgeting and political systems the interregional disbalances still persist. Unevenness of socio-economic development in the Russion regions leads to further centralization and may threat the existence of the federation. The paper draws an analogy between the Soviet elaboration of «khozraschyot» mechanisms and the Russian enhancement of federalism. In the latter case the attempts at reforming are performed using the paradigm that is marked by methodological contradictions and therefore is of no use for the improvement of Russian federalism.
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Aqtay, Gulayhan. "The position of Kazakh in Kazakhstan in the urban area: the case of Shymkent." Przegląd Wschodnioeuropejski 13, no. 1 (June 27, 2022): 205–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.31648/pw.7665.
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This paper discusses the status of Kazakh in Shymkent in recent years. Shymkent is the third-largest city in Kazakhstan, with a population of over one million. Like in all large cities in this country, most of the Kazakh population in Shymkent is Kazakh-Russian bilingual, while the Russians are monolingual Russian speakers. The strength of Kazakh in Shymkent depends on many factors, such as the type of district, sociolinguistic features, and it is different in the spoken and the written form. Although Kazakh in Shymkent is the object of frequent comments in Kazakhstan, it has not yet been studied. The research material is based on fieldwork, analysis of the local media and websites. It may be argued that despite the local conditions and assets, the position of Kazakhs in public domains depends on the state’s language policy and the degree of integration with Russia.
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Shmerlina, Irina. "The Case of Russian Phytosociology." Sotsiologicheskie issledovaniya, no. 10 (October 2019): 157–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s013216250007109-2.
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Polyakov, L. V. "Electoral Authoritarianism and Russian Case." Journal of Political Theory, Political Philosophy and Sociology of Politics Politeia 77, no. 2 (2015): 6–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.30570/2078-5089-2015-77-2-6-20.
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Ermolaev, Vladimir A., and Dmitry A. Ruban. "Siberian Cedar in Russian Business Naming: A Case Study." Social Sciences 11, no. 10 (September 30, 2022): 450. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/socsci11100450.
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Business naming is important in the modern economy, but it can differ between countries. This makes it urgent to pay attention to representative examples of business naming (to be distinguished from brand naming) from different countries. This case study focuses on the usage of Siberian cedar in the names of Russian firms. This huge tree from taiga forests is not a true cedar, but pine. The national database permits the identification of 87 organizations named after Siberian cedar. Their geographical distribution is mapped, and their relation to industries is established. It is found that the considered firms are registered in 19 regions of Russia. A total of 42% of these regions are not Siberian, and they host 18% of the firms. A total of 16 types of activities characterize the considered firms, and more than half of the industries are not related to the usage of this tree. Hypothetically, these findings can be explained by the general interest of Russians in Siberia and their awareness of Siberian cedar coupled with the symbolic potential of this tree, which is able to symbolize stability and power. The studied principle of business naming contributes to the environmental knowledge of the public.
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Chulok, Alexander, Svetlana N. Slobodianik, and Evgeny Moiseichev. "Using foresight for smart policy actions: the case of Russian energy exports." foresight 19, no. 5 (September 11, 2017): 511–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/fs-11-2016-0055.
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Purpose This study aims to assess future prospects for Russian energy exports until 2040, as global energy markets are undergoing major changes, with possible impacts on Russia. Design/methodology/approach Qualitative and quantitative approaches are integrated under a proposed foresight framework. The qualitative method involves an expert survey aimed at identifying major energy trends and their influence on Russia. As the trends are validated, an algorithm is proposed to assess the contribution of separate trends to Russian energy exports. Findings Experimental quantitative scenarios are conducted to assess the prospects for Russian energy exports until 2040 under the given exogenous scenario calculations of the IEA. Factor analysis allows for an assessment of the contribution of separate factors in dynamics of net energy imports into the regional economies. The future prospects for fossil fuels’ exports on regional markets are considered. Priority markets for Russian energy exporters are identified. Practical implications The results of the paper may be used by decision-makers for adjustments in the system of government policy or corporate strategy. Originality/value The paper provides an algorithm to assess energy export flows to macroregions based upon the synthesis of quantitative and qualitative information. Experimental scenario calculations of the Russian fossil fuels’ exports are provided. Strategic decision-making map is elaborated.
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Vlasov, Nikolay. "Otto von Bismarck’s concept of race." OOO "Zhurnal "Voprosy Istorii" 2020, no. 12-1 (December 1, 2020): 246–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.31166/voprosyistorii202012statyi20.
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Exploration of the outlook and the views of renowned political figures constitutes one of the most thriving fields of historical research. This article focuses on such an understudied topic as a concept of race developed by Otto von Bismarck, the “Iron Chancellor”. To examine the interrelation between Bismarck’s views on a certain nation’s “racial” features and his policy towards this country, the article offers a case study of Bismarck’s attitude to Russia and the Russians and its influence on German-Russian relations. This case study relies on a wide range of sources, which completely reveal Bismarck’s ‘racial’ understanding of Russia.
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Abashidze, A. Kh, M. V. Ilyashevich, and A. M. Solntsev. "Anchugov & Gladkov v. Russia." American Journal of International Law 111, no. 2 (April 2017): 461–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/ajil.2017.31.
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On April 19, 2016, in The Case Concerning the Resolution of the Question of the Possibility to Execute in Accordance with the Constitution of the Russian Federation the Judgment of the European Court of Human Rights of 4 July 2013 in the Case of Anchugov and Gladkov v. Russia in Connection with the Request of the Ministry of Justice of the Russian Federation (Anchugov & Gladkov (Russ.)), the Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation (Constitutional Court) held that decisions of the European Court of Human Rights (ECtHR) are binding on Russian courts, in accordance with Article 15(4) of the 1993 Constitution of the Russian Federation. At the same time, the Constitutional Court stressed the necessity of ensuring a reasonable balance between the obligation to implement ECtHR judgments and respect for the fundamental principles of the Russian Federation's constitutional system. The Constitutional Court found that because the ECtHR judgment in question implicitly conflicted with provisions of the Russian Constitution, Russian courts are not obliged to comply with the judgment regarding issues that remain in conflict; however, other means are available to the Russian legislature to give effect to the judgment. While the decision marks an important development in Russia's relationship with the European system of human rights, it is not inconsistent with the approach taken by a substantial number of European domestic courts in holding that treaty obligations to enforce decisions of international courts cannot justify violating domestic constitutional norms.
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Baykova, Olga. "Development of German Island Dialects in Russia (The Case Study of Dialects of the Russian Germans in Kirov Region, Russia)." Revista Gestão Inovação e Tecnologias 11, no. 3 (June 30, 2021): 2243–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.47059/revistageintec.v11i3.2088.
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Sorokina, Tatyana. "Liquor and Opium." Inner Asia 16, no. 1 (August 19, 2014): 139–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22105018-12340007.
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This paper explores legal and illegal forms of trade along the China–Russia border in the Russian Far East in the early twentieth century as a case-study for understanding the relation between the state, regional economies and consumption desires.1 Mass consumption of illegally trafficked liquor and opium by frontier populations put China and Russia border officials into a difficult situation: Chinese authorities blamed the Russians for making opium-poppy planting possible on the Russian side; Russian officials in turn accused the Chinese authorities of provoking mass alcoholism and opium addiction among Russian settlers, which was viewed as a serious threat to Russia’s colonising project in the Far East. The article then shifts attention to the legal aspects of the ‘Liquor and Opium’ conflict resolution, not only on the local level but also involving central authorities. It also discusses the socio-economic context of such illegal forms of frontier economy and the symbiotic activity of border smugglers. Historical ethnography suggests that, despite the various prohibitions and official resolutions imposed, the authorities of both sides were aware of the fact that liquor and opium, which were objects of mass desire for Russians and Chinese respectively, had already made local border economies totally dependent on these products and interdependent on one another. Thus, paradoxically, strict adherence to the mutual official agreements would undermine local frontier economies.
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Shlapentokh, Dmitry. "Islam and Orthodox Russia: From Eurasianism to Islamism." Communist and Post-Communist Studies 41, no. 1 (March 1, 2008): 27–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.postcomstud.2008.01.002.
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The growing and increasingly politically active Russian Muslims of diverse ethnic backgrounds provide various political models for their relationship with Russians. Some still accept Eurasianism but assume that it is Muslims not Orthodox Russians who should be the “older brothers” in the alliance or, in any case, that the very notion of older and younger brother should be put to an end. The others want complete separation from Russia or at least the minimization of their relationship with it. Finally, others believe in the Islamization of Russia. The models provide a glance at the possible scenarios for Russia’s future.
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Ostrowski, Donald. "The End of Muscovy: The Case for circa 1800." Slavic Review 69, no. 2 (2010): 426–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0037677900015072.
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How Russia transformed itself from a relatively small principality on the steppe frontier in 1450 to a major Eurasian empire by 1800 is one of the fundamental questions of Russian historical study. The two main views posit a central role for Peter I (1682–1725) in that transformation either by singled-handedly “changing everything” and bringing Muscovy into the modern age through embracing contact with Europe and with the western enlightenment or by accelerating the pace of changes already occurring. In this article, Donald Ostrowski proposes that Russia's transition during this period can be better explained by examining the general trends of historical development and influences across Afro-Eurasia. This essay also raises questions about the use of the termmodernizationand examines eight categories of historical development: contact with the world; establishment of an empire; court politics; military; society and economics; governmental administration; church relations; and culture and education. Ostrowski concludes that in the early modern period one finds no turning points in Russian history, only more or less continuous trends, and that only roughly around 1800 do fundamental changes begin to occur within these eight categories.
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Grigorieva, Nataliya, and Sergey Sobolev. "Private partnership in health care: Moscow's case." Living Standards of the Population in the Regions of Russia 17, no. 3 (September 24, 2021): 327–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.19181/lsprr.2021.17.3.3.
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Public-private partnership (PPP) is one of the priority areas of healthcare development in Russia being considered as an effective tool for improving the material and technical base of health services, introducing innovative treatments, improving access to and quality of medical care. In Russian healthcare, PPP develops within the framework of a unified approach, but with certain specificity, associated, among other things, with regional specifics. At the same time, as healthcare and medical services belong to the social sphere forms of attracting private investors that prove themselves effective in other sectors of the economy may be unacceptable. In addition, the state performs significant social and regulatory functions (budget allocation and asset management), guarantees the quality of medical care for the citizens of the country. The business seeks to profit from its investments, to increase its share in the service market. Therefore, the success of a PPP largely depends on how optimally the functions of partners (government and business) are combined in the implementation of joint projects. The article analyses existing PPP projects in healthcare in the city of Moscow, as well as the practice of functioning of health services created on the basis of PPP. In the first part of the article, the authors analyze the specifics of promoting PPPs in Russian healthcare at both federal and regional levels. The second part provides an overview of innovative PPP projects in Moscow followed by a discussion of specific projects, peculiarities of their formation and modern state, analysis of the main problems of further development of PPPs in health care in Moscow
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Myasnikov, Stanislav. "THE JUSTIFICATION STRATEGIES OF RUSSIAN FOREIGN POLICY SINCE 2014: A STUDY OF THE CASES OF CRIMEA JOINING RUSSIA AND RUSSIAN MILITARY OPERATION IN SYRIA." Вестник Пермского университета. Политология 14, no. 4 (2020): 14–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.17072/2218-1067-2020-4-14-26.
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The trajectory of the Russian foreign policy changed in 2014 as Russia deviated from its foreign policy principles. A specific justification was needed in order to legitimize Russian foreign policy domestically and abroad. Russian officials provided such a justification. It was successful on the domestic level, but its effectiveness on the international level was questionable. This article undertakes an analysis of the justification strategies of Russian foreign policy after 2014, with a focus on those, which were used by Russian authorities in their justification of Crimea joining Russia and Russian actions in the Syrian Arab Republic. It is shown why the justification could be considered as strategic. Applying the instruments of the strategic narratives’ theory, the author reveals the main strategic narratives of Russian foreign policy officials. The article discovers that the main justification strategies were communicative defense, communicative attack, communicative counter-attack, and position declaration. The communicative position of the Russian Federation in the case of Crimean justification could be explained as initially difficult, but gaining a communicative position in the justification of Russian actions in Syria could positively support the justification of the Crimean case.
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Levin, V. V. "Features of Judicial Practice in the Russia as the Basis of Precedent." Sociology and Law, no. 4 (December 31, 2020): 98–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.35854/2219-6242-2020-4-98-106.
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The article is devoted to the analysis of judicial practice as the basis of law-making activity in the Russian Federation, on the basis of which it is possible to create a precedent. Case law in Russia is Advisory in nature and is not mandatory for law enforcement practice. Courts use the signs of case law in their decisions in the reasoned part. Signs of case law is a ruling of the constitutional court of the Russian Federation and regulations of the armed forces of the Russian Federation.
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Levin, V. V. "Features of Judicial Practice in the Russia as the Basis of Precedent." Sociology and Law, no. 4 (December 31, 2020): 98–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.35854/2219-6242-2020-4-98-106.
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The article is devoted to the analysis of judicial practice as the basis of law-making activity in the Russian Federation, on the basis of which it is possible to create a precedent. Case law in Russia is Advisory in nature and is not mandatory for law enforcement practice. Courts use the signs of case law in their decisions in the reasoned part. Signs of case law is a ruling of the constitutional court of the Russian Federation and regulations of the armed forces of the Russian Federation.
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Hoang, Hien Nguyen, A. I. Kashirin, V. V. Strenalyuk, A. S. Semenov, O. Y. Kazenkov, and Yuri A. Chepurko. "Economic Growth by Innovative Development in Energy Sector: The Case of Oil and Gas Export in Russia." International Journal of Energy Economics and Policy 12, no. 5 (September 27, 2022): 466–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.32479/ijeep.13408.
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The problem of the "Dutch disease" and the impact of the raw materials complex and its export component on the economic development of Russia are actualized today in the context of the pressure of international economic sanctions on the Russian economy, when the Russian society has to solve problems that were characteristic of the Soviet Union, we mean, first of all, import substitution. In this regard, we need to understand how negatively the impact of energy exports on the socio-economic development of Russia was, while answering the question, was this development abnormal or, if so, due to what factors? Obviously, the crises in Russia in the 1990s and 2009–2011 had a nature weakly associated with raw material specialization. The purpose of this work is to identify the impact of energy exports on the economic development of Russia in retrospect with the construction of a long-term forecast of GDP growth in the Russian Federation in the context of the development of international economic sanctions. Accordingly, the objectives of the study include: to determine how economic growth in the post-Soviet period before the imposition of sanctions was affected by oil exports; secondly, to what extent oil exports influenced innovative development; thirdly, to create a predictive model for the growth of the Russian economy in the context of international sanctions (the situation with the embargo on Russian oil exports to the West). The subject of the study is the impact of oil exports on the socio-economic development of Russia, the object is the macroeconomic situation in Russia before and after international economic sanctions.
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Shlapentokh, Vladimir. "Wealth versus political power: the Russian case." Communist and Post-Communist Studies 37, no. 2 (June 1, 2004): 135–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.postcomstud.2004.03.001.
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The interplay between the state and the super rich has been a subject of intense debate since the time of Aristotle, who introduced the notion of oligarchs and the oligarchic regime as the ruling of a few rich people. The ideologically loaded debates about the role of wealthy people in society can be found in each country in the contemporary world. In recent times, the fact that Silvio Berlusconi is both Italy’s prime minister and the richest person in the country (who has almost complete control over Italian TV) has aroused intense debates about the impact of big business on politics (Stille, 2003). It is not surprising that the case of the Italian prime minister draws attention in Russia, where he is often compared to both the Russian president as well as to the oligarchs (Remnik, 2003). A dramatic struggle between Russian President Vladimir Putin, and the oligarch Mikhail Khodorkovsky, whose wealth was estimated before his arrest at eight-billion dollars,1 unfolded in the summer and fall of 2003. This conflict will likely be recounted in any future textbook that discusses the relationship between political power and big money.
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Rudt, Yulia. "Ideology in Modern Russian Constitutional Practice." Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Iuridica 89 (December 31, 2019): 161–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.18778/0208-6069.89.10.
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The article focuses on Russian constitutional ideology with overview of its historical preconditions and analysis of recent significant cases of the Russian Constitutional Court. There is a discussion of gay activist Alekseyev’s case and “foreign agents’ law” case in constitutional practice as most significant examples of positivistic way of legal reasoning. The paper argues that legal positivism through its form – legal formalism is the main ideology in the modern constitutional practice in Russia. This ideology is based on the assumption that constitutional justice can find social truth. German positivistic and Soviet Marxist views have strongly determined the modern Russian constitutional discourse.
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Verlaine, Michel, Anna Shashkova, and Ekaterina Kudryashova. "Amendments to Russian Constitution and International Institutions Decisions: EAEU Prospective." Полис. Политические исследования, no. 5 (2020): 164–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.17976/jpps/2020.05.12.
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The constitutional reforms in Russia are amongst the most significant news for Russia’s partners in international relations. The configuration of international law and Russian domestic legal order falls within the scope of the constitutional changes of 2020, and there is no chance that this change will be abandoned by the legislator. This particular amendment was not actively commented on during the nationwide discussion on the constitutional reform; it drew mostly experts’ attention. The article alleges that the constitutional amendment restricting the applicability of international case law in Russia is both a transient response to the instant political tension around Russia, and a formalization of the positivistic trend well established in domestic judicial practice. The positivistic trend is part of the process shaping Russia’s own approach to international law. The prospective amendment concerning international case law in the Constitution of the Russian Federation will not hinder the rules expressly stated in the treaties of the EAEU. However, the resolutions of the EAEU’s structures and institutions, including the case law of the Court of the EAEU, are likely to be scrutinized in a defensive way by Russian Constitutional court in situations extraordinary for the Russian State, ensuring their conformity with the unquestionable and unconditional supremacy of the Russian Constitution.
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Baniak, Sandra. "Russia’s economic soft power: The case of Serbia." Rocznik Instytutu Europy Środkowo-Wschodniej 18, no. 3 (December 2020): 93–114. http://dx.doi.org/10.36874/riesw.2020.3.5.
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Serbia inherited Yugoslavia’s tendency to pursue its foreign policy in terms of “multi-vector” policy and balancing between the West and the East to achieve its own political goals and maintain the attention of other countries. Despite the desire to join the European Union, as officially declared by the state authorities, Serbia also strives to maintain a “strategic partnership” with Russia. This paper presents Russia’s interests in the policy towards Serbia in the economic sphere over the years, starting from 1999. It points to the complexity of Serbian-Russian economic relations and their relationship with political issues. Russia, as a permanent member of the UN Security Council, can significantly affect Serbia’s internal and foreign policy, making it dependent on guarding Serbia’s sovereignty and territorial integrity and through the lack of recognition of Kosovo’s independence by pursuing its own interests, manifested by an increasing Russian presence in the energy sector.
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Sergei, Grigori. "THE RUSSIA-UKRAINE WAR IN THE STUDY OF HISTORICAL LAW & CONFLICT OF STATE SECURITY AREA." International Journal of Law Reconstruction 6, no. 2 (September 11, 2022): 147. http://dx.doi.org/10.26532/ijlr.v6i2.23687.
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This study aims to provide an explanation of the history of the conflict between Russia and Ukraine during the reign of Vladimir Putin. Considering the Russo-Ukrainian conflict has become a war that is not only carried out by two countries, but many western countries interfere in this matter with their respective political goals. The conflict in Ukraine from the beginning was just the escape of Crimea from Ukraine to Russia, it was later followed by separatist efforts in other regions in Ukraine, in the eastern region which was also dominated by ethnic Russians. As a result, the US and NATO immediately sought to intervene to prevent the fall of Ukraine to Russia. So all the maneuvers of the US and NATO were immediately responded to by the maneuver of Russia deploying its troops and weapons on the Ukrainian border. The method used in this study applies quantitative methods with data collection techniques obtained from various literatures. The references used are literature studies on various books, newspapers, clippings, scientific journals, the internet, and other documentation that contains information about the conflict between Russia and Ukraine during the reign of Vladimir Putin in 2012 - 2018. The conclusions of this study is that Russian President Vladimir Putin claimed and emphasized that the act of sending Russian military forces to Ukraine and Crimea (NATO) is a form of Russian preparedness in case of violence and other things that can hurt Russian citizens who live in Ukraine and Crimea.
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Bulatov, Alexander S. "MNEs and capital flight: The case of Russia." Russian Journal of Economics 8, no. 2 (July 29, 2022): 174–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.32609/j.ruje.8.80358.
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This paper studies the participation of Russian multinational enterprises (MNEs) in the flight of capital from the native country. It estimates the mid-annual size of capital flight from Russia in 2015–2020 via channels of its MNEs at 0.8% of GDP. Theoretically and methodologically, this paper concentrates on two groups of motives and prerequisites for this flight — generated by tax-avoidance motives and domestic economic imperfections which lead to tax evasion and the institutional escape of national capital. Macro and micro analysis based on the balance of payments and company cases confirms that Russian MNEs are actively participating in capital flight from the country.