Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'The relative independence of space'
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Cook, Danielle N. "Public space and nation| Constructing national culture after independence." Thesis, California State University, Long Beach, 2014. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=1527908.
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In this thesis, I use the cities of Yamoussoukro, Cote d'Ivoire; Phnom Penh, Cambodia; and Montreal, Canada as case studies to analyze the connection between architecture, nationalism, and the influence of colonialism. Each of these cities was directly influenced by French urban development as these cities were reshaped in order to change the people, history, or culture of specific geographies. As these countries gained independence from France they used architecture as a way to express national identity to local populations in order to collectivize them, as well as a way to express this "unified" identity to the international community. This is rooted in the urban policies of the European colonizers which focused on teaching indigenous populations European morality, aesthetics, and rational use of space, but also in the creation of maps, drawings, and other material to express the colonial identity of these territories.
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Bakewell, Adam. "An operational theory of relative space efficiency." Thesis, University of York, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.247758.
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Smith, Daniel Elias. "Relative pitch: encouraging performance in public space." Kansas State University, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/8705.
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Master of Landscape ArchitectureDepartment of Landscape Architecture/Regional and Community Planning
Laurence A. Clement
Street musicians and performers attract people to public spaces. These performers, or ‘buskers’ as they are commonly referred, typically congregate along specific streets, parks, plazas, and transit stops in a city. The term pitch describes the place buskers perform. Pedestrian flow, visibility, and acoustics are just some of the factors that street performers consider when selecting a pitch. While performers resourcefully adapt to the challenges of different pitches, public spaces often do little to accommodate performers and their audiences. William Whyte observed how street performances facilitate social interactions between strangers and give character to cities and neighborhoods. Relative Pitch explores where performances occur and how they benefit public places. Case studies of popular busking locations establish a typology of squares, streets, and transit stops. Video clip analysis of street performances demonstrates the spatial relations between performer and audience. Dimensions and observations from these case studies provided insight and information for the application of the typology to proposed sites in Wichita, Kansas. Buskers adapt pitches relative to their physical environment. Point, linear, planar, and volumetric elements define and articulate temporary stages, audience space, and circulation paths during performances. Design proposals for the typology sites in Wichita illustrate how flexible performance spaces can be incorporated in squares, streets, and transit stops. This project looks at ways to activate public spaces by encouraging street performance.
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Chiang, Ming Shun. "Jostling for space : church and state in Singapore since independence." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2015. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.709065.
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Preston, Robert. "It´s All Relative: Time and Space in Nabokov´s Lolita." Thesis, Högskolan i Halmstad, Sektionen för humaniora (HUM), 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hh:diva-23349.
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This essay offers a deconstructive approach to Nabokov´s Lolita. Critics have tended to treat space and time as distinct concepts in the novel: choosing to analyse the role of either one or the other, and even when considering both, examining them in isolation. It´s narrator, Humbert Humbert, however, implies that "time" and "spatial" terms are interchangeable in a way reminiscent of Einstein´s Theory of Relativity in which space-time is a continuum that is experienced relative to the individual observer´s own position in the universe. This essay therefore explores the possibility that Nabokov may have used Einstein´s concept of space-time relativity as a metaphor in Lolita. The essay looks first at the various ways in which the idea of relativity surfaces throughout the novel not just in relation to space and time, but also in its moral, cultural and historic forms. The roles of the Hour Glass Lake, Lolita´s sunglasses and Humbert´s car, three of the novel´s chief symbols, are then discussed in relation to its key elements: the notion of time dilation, the place of the observer and Humbert´s space-time bubble. It next concentrates on how the characters in the novel exemplify the roles of both observer and observed in a modern, self-centred and morally relativistic world. The final section argues that Humbert’s "madness" represents the most extreme consequence of his living in his own solipsistic bubble of space-time, or "dream vacuum" as he calls it.
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Glyn, Aneirin. "Relative properties, and near metric properties of a function space." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.249394.
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Olsen, Carrie Dumas. "Characterization of the relative motion of rendezvous between vehicles in proximate, highly elliptic orbits /." Full text (PDF) from UMI/Dissertation Abstracts International, 2001. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/utexas/fullcit?p3008410.
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Paterson, Ian R. "Encoding of relative location of intensity changes in human spatial vision." Thesis, University of St Andrews, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/14594.
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The psychophysical experiments and numerical modelling reported in the present study are an investigation into the encoding of relative location of intensity changes in the human visual system. The study attempted, successfully, to explain some geometric illusions resulting from closely spaced image features ('crowding'), and determined the nature of information necessary for making judgments about the separation of intensity changes for different stimulus configurations. Experiments performed fell into two basic categories; those concerned with spatial interference, and studies of spatial interval judgments. The first set of experiments, studying spatial interference with relative localisation for intensity changes, was based on measurements made with stimuli composed of lowpass filtered bars and edges. The most successful model, which accounted for all of the data, was Watt and Morgan's (1984, 1985) MIRAGE; the results suggest that a good explanation of some geometric illusions can be derived using the principles of low-level vision. Spatial interference is strong evidence for combination of information across spatial scales, and the MIRAGE algorithm makes some highly accurate predictions. Relating the separation of image features is a fundamental task for the visual system, but there is no clear understanding of what information the system has available to perform this task. The second set of experiments explored the perception of separation, and precision of judgments of separation, for bars with a variety of orthoaxial contrast profiles. The data indicate that information is combined across spatial scales (as in MIRAGE) under certain circumstances in making separation judgments; this combination of information across scale occurs when the information on the scales combined is in agreement (ie. all scales have some task-related information), but when variance is added on coarser scales which is not relevant to the task, the system is capable of selecting the finest scales of filters available, and using only the information in the finest scale. This adaptive scale-selection process operates even at very brief exposure durations.
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Yilmaz, Özgün. "Infrared based monocular relative navigation for active debris removal." Thesis, Cranfield University, 2018. http://dspace.lib.cranfield.ac.uk/handle/1826/13727.
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In space, visual based relative navigation systems suffer from the harsh illumination conditions of the target (e.g. eclipse conditions, solar glare, etc.). In current Rendezvous and Docking (RvD) missions, most of these issues are addressed by advanced mission planning techniques (e.g strict manoeuvre timings). However, such planning would not always be feasible for Active Debris Removal (ADR) missions which have more unknowns. Fortunately, thermal infrared technology can operate under any lighting conditions and therefore has the potential to be exploited in the ADR scenario. In this context, this study investigates the benefits and the challenges of infrared based relative navigation. The infrared environment of ADR is very much different to that of terrestrial applications. This study proposes a methodology of modelling this environment in a computationally cost effective way to create a simulation environment in which the navigation solution can be tested. Through an intelligent classification of possible target surface coatings, the study is generalised to simulate the thermal environment of space debris in different orbit profiles. Through modelling various scenarios, the study also discusses the possible challenges of the infrared technology. In laboratory conditions, providing the thermal-vacuum environment of ADR, these theoretical findings were replicated. By use of this novel space debris set-up, the study investigates the behaviour of infrared cues extracted by different techniques and identifies the issue of short-lifespan features in the ADR scenarios. Based on these findings, the study suggests two different relative navigation methods based on the degree of target cooperativeness: partially cooperative targets, and uncooperative targets. Both algorithms provide the navigation solution with respect to an online reconstruction of the target. The method for partially cooperative targets provides a solution for smooth trajectories by exploiting the subsequent image tracks of features extracted from the first frame. The second algorithm is for uncooperative targets and exploits the target motion (e.g. tumbling) by formulating the problem in terms of a static target and a moving map (i.e. target structure) within a filtering framework. The optical flow information is related to the target motion derivatives and the target structure. A novel technique that uses the quality of the infrared cues to improve the algorithm performance is introduced. The problem of short measurement duration due to target tumbling motion is addressed by an innovative smart initialisation procedure. Both navigation solutions were tested in a number of different scenarios by using computer simulations and a specific laboratory set-up with real infrared camera. It is shown that these methods can perform well as the infrared-based navigation solutions using monocular cameras where knowledge relating to the infrared appearance of the target is limited.
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Halcrow, Jonathan. "Charting the State Space of Plane Couette Flow: Equilibria, Relative Equilibria, and Heteroclinic Connections." Diss., Atlanta, Ga. : Georgia Institute of Technology, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/24724.
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Thesis (Ph.D.)--Physics, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2009.Committee Chair: Cvitanovic, Predrag; Committee Member: Bracco, Annalisa; Committee Member: Dieci, Luca; Committee Member: Goldman, Daniel; Committee Member: Grigoriev, Roman
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Recker, Kara Marie. "How do young children and adults use relative distance to scale location?" Diss., University of Iowa, 2008. http://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/23.
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Doignon, Jean-Paul. "Identifiability in Knowledge Space Theory: a survey of recent results." Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2013. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-113113.
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Knowledge Space Theory (KST) links in several ways to Formal Concept Analysis (FCA). Recently, the probabilistic and statistical aspects of KST have been further developed by several authors. We review part of the recent results, and describe some of the open problems. The question of whether the outcomes can be useful in FCA remains to be investigated.
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Ke, Chenlu. "A NEW INDEPENDENCE MEASURE AND ITS APPLICATIONS IN HIGH DIMENSIONAL DATA ANALYSIS." UKnowledge, 2019. https://uknowledge.uky.edu/statistics_etds/41.
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This dissertation has three consecutive topics. First, we propose a novel class of independence measures for testing independence between two random vectors based on the discrepancy between the conditional and the marginal characteristic functions. If one of the variables is categorical, our asymmetric index extends the typical ANOVA to a kernel ANOVA that can test a more general hypothesis of equal distributions among groups. The index is also applicable when both variables are continuous. Second, we develop a sufficient variable selection procedure based on the new measure in a large p small n setting. Our approach incorporates marginal information between each predictor and the response as well as joint information among predictors. As a result, our method is more capable of selecting all truly active variables than marginal selection methods. Furthermore, our procedure can handle both continuous and discrete responses with mixed-type predictors. We establish the sure screening property of the proposed approach under mild conditions. Third, we focus on a model-free sufficient dimension reduction approach using the new measure. Our method does not require strong assumptions on predictors and responses. An algorithm is developed to find dimension reduction directions using sequential quadratic programming. We illustrate the advantages of our new measure and its two applications in high dimensional data analysis by numerical studies across a variety of settings.
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Bouljihad, Mohamed. "Propriété (T) de Kazhdan relative à l'espace." Thesis, Lyon, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LYSEN010/document.
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L'objet de cette thèse est l'étude de la propriété (T) relative à l'espace (ou rigidité au sens de Popa) d'actions de groupes dénombrables sur des espaces de probabilité standards préservant une mesure de probabilité (pmp). Ces dix dernières années, la propriété (T) relative à l'espace a permis de résoudre de nombreux problèmes dans le cadre de la théorie ergodique des actions de groupes et des algèbres de von Neumann. Néanmoins, certains aspects théoriques de cette notion restent largement mystérieux. Une question encore ouverte consiste à déterminer les groupes admettant une action libre ergodique pmp ayant la propriété (T) relative à l'espace. Nous montrons dans cette thèse que les groupes de type fini non-moyennables linéaires sur un corps de caractéristique nulle admettent une action ergodique pmp possédant cette propriété. Si le groupe est à radical résoluble trivial, l'action que nous construisons est aussi libre.Pour ce faire, nous commençons par étudier la stabilité de la propriété (T) relative à l'espace vis-à-vis de différentes constructions d'actions pmp : produit, restriction, co-induction, induction. Puis, nous donnons une caractérisation de la propriété (T) relative à l'espace dans le cas d'actions pmp sur un espace homogène G/Λ de groupe de Lie p-adique d'un sous-groupe dénombrable Γ du groupe des transformations affines de G stabilisant le réseau Λ. L'action de Γ sur G/Λ a la propriété (T) relative à l'espace si et seulement s'il n'existe pas de mesure de probabilité Γ-invariante sur l'espace projectif de l'algèbre de Lie de G. Par ailleurs, nous étudions le cas d'actions de groupes par automorphismes sur des nilvariétés définies par des graphes finisThe purpose of this thesis is to study the Kazhdan's property (T) relative to the space (also called rigidity in the sense of Popa) of probability measure preserving actions of countable groups on standard probability measure spaces (p.m.p.).This last decade, some problems in the theory of ergodic theory and von Neumann algebras were solved using the property (T) relative to the space. However, the theoretical aspects of its study remain largely mysterious. An open question asks which groups admit a p.m.p. free and ergodic action which has the property (T) relative to the space. We show in this dissertation that every finitely-generated non-amenable linear groups over a field of characteristic zero admits a p.m.p. ergodic action which has this property. If this group has trivial solvable radical, we prove that these actions can be chosen to be free.In order to obtain these results, we start by investigating natural questions concerning the stability of the property (T) relative to the space through standard constructions : products, restriction, co-induction, induction. Then, we give a criterion for the property (T) relative to the space to hold in the case of p.m.p. actions on homogeneous space G/ Λ of a p-adic Lie group for a countable subgroup Γ of affine transformations of G stabilizing the lattice Λ. The action of Γ on G/Λ has the property (T) relative to the space if and only if the induced action of Γ on the projective space of the Lie algebra of G admits no invariant probability measure.Moreover, we study the case of actions by automorphims on nilvarietes defined by finite graphs
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Kaulicke, Peter. "Space and Time during the Formative Period: An Introduction." Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2012. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/113569.
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The basic principles of relative and absolute chronology are presented in this introduction as they form the foundation upon which the collection of papers, published in the present and subsequent issue of the Bulletin, base their chronological and cultural schemes. The goal here is to compare and contrast these principles with common misunderstandings and misuses. The need for empirical data for the construction of chronological sequences is stressed in order to place them within a single periodification scheme. Another topic of concern is a coherent terminology rather than the use of different terms with different meanings. Lastly, the papers in these two issues are focused on "The Formative Period: Recent Approaches and Evidence".En esta introducción se presentan los principios de la cronología relativa y absoluta, ya que estos forman la base para el conjunto de trabajos reunidos en este y el siguiente número del Boletín, con el propósito de señalar malentendidos y usos poco precisados heredados de antaño. Se enfatiza la necesidad de exponer los datos empíricos en la construcción de las cronologías y secuencias para insertarlas en un sistema de periodización general. Parte de esta discusión es, también, la terminología, que debería destacarse por su coherencia en vez de que se cuente con opciones más o menos libres de expresiones con significados diversos. Por último, se presentan los trabajos incluidos en los dos números dedicados al tema "El Periodo Formativo: enfoques y evidencias recientes".
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Stoll, Michael A. (Michael Aldon). ""Can I get a job?" : the relative importance of space and race in urban young adult labor markets." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/70267.
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Stott, Anne Elizabeth. "The Influence of the Roman Atrium-House's Architecture and Use of Space in Engendering the Power and Independence of the Materfamilias." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2012. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/3174.
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Architecture has a remarkable capacity to not only reflect social patterns and behaviors but to engender public image and identity. Therefore, it has proven to be a viable source for understanding the lives of ancient people. In fact, many scholars have established a connection between the atrium-house's design and the power and social identity of the paterfamilias, or male head of household. However, little has been said about what these same architectural features mean in relation to his female counterpart, the materfamilias. Therefore, this paper argues that the architecture of the atrium-house likewise engendered a sense of power and freedom for the Roman matron in two main ways. First, the atrium-house was considered in many ways a continuation of the public realm, and was thus structured to be open and outward instead of inward and private. In addition, archaeological and other evidence suggests that the atrium-house lacked gendered divisions and therefore allowed the matron to freely utilize even the most public areas of the home. Second, just as the paterfamilias was able to use the visual dynamics of the atrium-house to manipulate his public image and to glean authority, so also did the materfamilias use the tactics of visibility to assume masculine power. As a result, the architecture of the atrium-house helped to structure the social identity of the materfamilias in promoting her power and influence in both family and social life.
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Melanson, Megan Fabienne. "Extending radical space? : a historical comparative analysis of sub-state violent contention in Quebec and Corsica." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/33324.
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This thesis offers a comparative historical analysis of sub-state violent contention in Quebec and Corsica. It focuses specifically on the Front de Libération du Québec (FLQ) and the Fronte di Liberazione Naziunale Corsu (FLNC), in 1963 to 1971 and 1976 to 1990, respectively. The thesis argues that the FLQ and the FLNC sought to extend radical ideological space to promote independence in order to achieve revolutionary social and economic change through campaigns of violence and kidnappings. Theoretically, the thesis draws on the contentious politics and social movements literatures, which it notably combines with Radical Flank Effect (RFE). RFEs are interactive processes that aim to map the beneficial and/or detrimental impact of radical group action on moderate groups. Whilst commonly used to understand the political outcomes of social movements, RFE is used in this thesis in conjunction with social movement literature to compare the relationship between these violent movements and their more moderate opponents. To understand the internal dynamics of these movements, I have identified four key elements of contrast: membership, ideology, network structure and strategy. I draw on, for example, McAdam, Tarrow and Tilly's (2001) mobilization method, which aids an understanding of membership and ideology by framing the interaction amongst challengers, their opponents and the media. This thesis seeks to understand FLQ and FLNC mobilization in light of the aim to shape and develop radical ideological space in the sub-states of Quebec and Corsica. It draws on an extensive study of archival data that includes police reports that have only recently been made available in Canada, transcripts of court cases, newspapers, and an interview with a former member of the FLNC, as well as secondary sources. The central orienting question is: what explains the contrasting patterns of sub-state violent contention in Quebec and Corsica? More specifically, why did the FLQ dissolve in 1971, yet the FLNC continued its violent trajectory, albeit less political and nationalist, until 2014? The FLQ and the FLNC differently subscribed to Marxism and postcolonialism. The FLQ was committed to a Marxist program of revolutionary change, and this commitment was shared by the FLNC until the collapse of communism in central and Eastern Europe in 1989. FLQ members considered themselves 'urban revolutionaries' and employed Marxism to understand the economic disparity in industrial Montreal. Early Corsican violent contention, in contrast, included Maoist influences, in particular, through their demand for agrarian reform. The two groups viewed the relationship between their sub-states (Quebec and Corsica) and central states (Canada and France) through a colonial lens, and understood their mobilization against these states and elite minorities (the Anglophone elite in Quebec and the pieds noirs in Corsica) in this light. Both violent movements targeted this colonial relationship. Both the FLQ and FLNC manifestos were economically and politically focused, land and culture were additionally highlighted by the FLNC. This thesis found that sub-state violent contention in the very different contexts of Quebec and Corsica shared an overall pattern, an arc of violent mobilization. The initial mobilization developed from a frustration with moderate political groups; radicalization grew and new tactics were embraced; until turning points that included the assassination of Pierre Laporte by the FLQ and the division of the FLNC into competitive factions, and then a decline of activity, mobilization and recruitment. Although the FLQ and the FLNC contrasted greatly in terms of membership, ideology, organization and strategy, both groups attempted to extend radical space through the use of violent contention in these two very different nations. Ultimately, however, while the FLQ and the FLNC were able to extend or maintain radical space at times, yet they failed to sustain the extension of ideological radical space on the basis on their revolutionary manifestos.
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Ho, Phuoc L. "UPPER BOUNDS ON THE SPLITTING OF THE EIGENVALUES." UKnowledge, 2010. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/gradschool_diss/119.
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We establish the upper bounds for the difference between the first two eigenvalues of the relative and absolute eigenvalue problems. Relative and absolute boundary conditions are generalization of Dirichlet and Neumann boundary conditions on functions to differential forms respectively. The domains are taken to be a family of symmetric regions in Rn consisting of two cavities joined by a straight thin tube. Our operators are Hodge Laplacian operators acting on k-forms given by the formula Δ(k) = dδ+δd, where d and δ are the exterior derivatives and the codifferentials respectively. A result has been established on Dirichlet case (0-forms) by Brown, Hislop, and Martinez [2]. We use the same techniques to generalize the results on exponential decay of eigenforms, singular perturbation on domains [1], and matrix representation of the Hodge Laplacian restricted to a suitable subspace [2]. From matrix representation, we are able to find exponentially small upper bounds for the difference between the first two eigenvalues.
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Aziz, Azlina. "The value of green space to people with a late onset visual impairment : a study of people with Age-related Macular Degeneration (AMD) in Scotland, United Kingdom." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/25449.
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Having a sight impairment should not limit one’s opportunity to be socially included and obtain the many benefits of being in a green space. It is a challenge for landscape architects to ensure that every green space is sensibly planned and designed to provide benefits to all users, including the visually impaired. However, to date, little research has explored the extent to which this group of people use their local green space and how the attributes of green space help to maintain or increase their sense of emotional well-being, especially when their vision loss occurs later in life. This study has drawn on a sample of visually impaired people with central vision loss caused by late onset Age-related Macular Degeneration (AMD) from across Scotland to address this research gap. Subjects ranged from being partially sighted to severely sight impaired or blind. It employed a mixed method research strategy with a quantitative method as the main approach, supplemented by qualitative methods and triangulation. The study began with focus group discussions aimed at identifying those green space attributes that this group of people deemed important, as a basis for developing a choice-based conjoint (CBC) questionnaire survey. The survey data were analysed using conjoint analysis software (Sawtooth Software version 8.3) with a Hierarchical Bayesian (HB) method to evaluate the relative importance of green space attributes to the study participants. The purpose of this method was to demonstrate the different priorities placed by people with visual impairment on the physical, social, sensory and accessibility attributes of the green space. This work was followed by a series of walk-along and home interviews to gain an in-depth understanding of how the attributes that emerged as most important from the conjoint survey helped the participants to obtain a restoration of their emotional well-being through being in green spaces. The conjoint analysis results demonstrated that the relative importance of green space attributes differs by gender, visual condition and the emotional state caused by sight loss. The qualitative findings suggest that green space can act as a medium to promote emotional restoration by offering a compatible environment that motivates individuals to undertake the kind of outdoor physical and social activities that reduce social isolation. Taken together, the two most influential factors in relative importance and emotional restoration were individual affordance and social company. The value of this research lies in identifying the landscape design attributes that are of the greatest importance to people with AMD. Such findings could help policymakers and landscape architects to provide better design solutions to include this group of people. They may also prove valuable as part of a new approach to enable people to deal with the emotional issues surrounding their late-onset visual impairment.
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Dal, Poz William Rodrigo [UNESP]. "Investigações preliminares sobre a influência do clima espacial no posicionamento relativo com GNSS." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/100251.
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O erro devido à ionosfera nas observáveis GNSS (Global Navigation Satellite System) é diretamente proporcional à densidade de elétrons presente na ionosfera e inversamente proporcional a frequência do sinal. Da mesma forma que no posicionamento por ponto, os resultados obtidos no posicionamento relativo são afetados pelo efeito sistemático da ionosfera, que é uma das maiores fontes de erro no posicionamento com GNSS. Mesmo considerando que parte dos erros devido à ionosfera é cancelada na dupla diferenciação, a ionosfera pode causar fortes impactos no posicionamento relativo. O problema principal neste método de posicionamento é a variação espacial na densidade de elétrons, que pode ocorrer em função de vários fatores, tais como hora local, variação sazonal, localização do usuário, ciclo solar e atividade geomagnética. Dependendo das condições do clima espacial, que é controlado pelo Sol, a atividade geomagnética pode ser alterada de forma significativa, dando origem a uma tempestade geomagnética. Nesta pesquisa foram avaliados os efeitos da ionosfera no posicionamento relativo, com observações GNSS da fase da onda portadora (L1), nas regiões ionosféricas de latitude média e alta e na região equatorial. Nas duas primeiras regiões foram analisados os efeitos da ionosfera em períodos de irregularidades, decorrentes de tempestades geomagnéticas. Na região equatorial, que engloba o Brasil, foram analisados os efeitos da ionosfera em função da variação diária e sazonal. No processamento dos dados GNSS foi utilizado o GPSeq, que processa os dados na forma recursiva e fornece os Resíduos Preditos da Dupla Diferença da Fase (RPDDF)...
The error caused by ionosphere on GNSS (Global Navigation Satellite System) is directly proportional to the density of electrons from ionosphere and inversely proportional to the frequency squared of the signal GNSS. As in the case of point positioning, results in relative positioning are affected by systematic effect from ionosphere, which is one of major error sources in the GNSS positioning. Although some errors caused by ionosphere are canceled in double difference, strong impacts may be caused by ionosphere on the relative positioning. In this positioning the main problem is the spatial variation in electron density that can occur due local time, seasonal variation, user location, solar cycle, geomagnetic activity, etc. Depending on the conditions of space weather, in which is controlled by the Sun, the geomagnetic activity can be changed inducing geomagnetic storms. In this research the effects from ionosphere has been evaluated in GNSS relative positioning using L1 carrier phase observations, at the three regions of the ionosphere: middle and high latitudes and equatorial region. In regions of middle and high latitudes have been analyzed the effects from ionosphere in irregularities periods, caused by geomagnetic storms. In the equatorial region, including Brazil, have been analyzed the effects from ionosphere according daily and seasonal variation. In the processing GNSS data has been used GPSeq software. This software processes the data in a recursive form and provides the Predicted Residual of Carrier Phase Double Difference (PRCPDD) ... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
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SMITH, KANDICE K. "A CITY REVITALIZED: PROMOTING CIVIC PRESENCE TO REESTABLISH IDENTITY." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2006. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1148180757.
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Russell, Miles. "'Time and relative dimensions in space' : reassessing the origins, nature, significance, impact and evolution of Early Neolithic monumental architecture upon the chalk landscapes of Central South-eastern England." Thesis, Bournemouth University, 1999. http://eprints.bournemouth.ac.uk/17017/.
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Silva, Marcia Rosa dos Santos. "Luuanda e Texaco : espaços de resistência e subversão." Universidade de São Paulo, 2016. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/8/8156/tde-29062016-120128/.
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Esse trabalho tem por objetivo analisar comparativamente o espaço nas obras Luuanda, do escritor angolano de língua portuguesa Luandino Vieira, e Texaco, do escritor martinicano de língua francesa Patrick Chamoiseau. Para esse fim, partimos do pressuposto que, como se pode observar a partir de seus títulos, os protagonistas das narrativas são os espaços: os musseques luandenses e a favela martinicana, chamada bairro Texaco. Eles configuram os tempos, os narradores, os personagens e os enredos. E configuram, sobretudo, uma linguagem literária que subverte as línguas dominantes o português e o francês incorporando aos textos as línguas dominadas: o quimbundo angolano e o crioulo martinicano. Vemos, portanto, a partir dos espaços analisados nas narrativas que a história oficial é contestada e reescrita pelos autores e, em seu lugar, temos as histórias dos vencidos que nunca se calaram, que resistiram às invasões, às dominações, às assimilações e procuram sobreviver. Verificamos, pois, que o modo de sobrevivência, nas obras, é pela ocupação e subversão dos espaços e pela subversão da forma de narrar.This dissertation aims at analyzing relatively the spaces in two literary works Luuanda, by Luandino Vieira whose native language is Portuguese and Texaco by Patrick Chamoiseau whose native language is French. It is assumed that the narrative protagonists are the spaces, as it can be initially observed in the titles. These spaces are the Luanda musseques and the Martinican slums, which is considered a district called Texaco. They comprise the time, narrators, characters and plot. What is more they comprise a literary language that subvert the dominant languages, which are Portuguese and French incorporating the dominated ones, which are the Angolan Kimbunder and the Martinican Creole. Therefore it is possible to understand from the analysed spaces in these narratives that the official history is contested and rewritten by the authors, highlighting the people who has never ceased struggling against the invasions, domination, assimilation and who have been bravely surviving. Thus it was verified that the way people survived in the narratives occurred not only through the occupation and subversion of the spaces, but also the subversive narrative.
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Robey, William Bud. "Implications for United States’ Military Strategy and Policy ofChina’s Asymmetric Anti-Satellite Capability." The Ohio State University, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1420469689.
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Boutechkil, Nadia. "La diversité linguistique et culturelle relative à l'orientation spatiale chez l'enfant et l'enseignant à l'école primaire au Maroc." Phd thesis, Université Toulouse le Mirail - Toulouse II, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00912980.
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Suite aux travaux en psycholinguistique et en psychologie interculturelle liés aux cadres de référence spatiale, nous avons choisi d'investiguer ce domaine en nous focalisant sur la zone géographique de Guelmime, dans le sud-ouest marocain. Dans cette étude, nous nous proposons de répondre à deux questions principales : Comment les enfants marocains âgés de 6 à 9 ans, locuteurs de l'arabe dialectal marocain, du tachelhit et du français désignent l'orientation dans l'espace dans chacune de ces trois langues ? Quels sont les facteurs qui influencent ces désignations ? Pour répondre à ces questions, nous avons réalisé une analyse du vocabulaire spatial en arabe dialectal marocain, en tachelhit et en français à partir de collectes de corpus. Deux études ont été réalisées. La première, une tâche d'orientation, a été effectuée par des élèves âgés de 6-7 ans et 8-9 ans. Si les résultats liés à toutes les langues du recueil montrent que le mode d'orientation qu'utilisent les élèves est soumis à un effet de la scolarisation lié à l'âge et à la durée de l'enseignement, les résultats liés à chaque langue montrent qu'il y a un effet de l'école fréquentée dans le mode d'orientation utilisé. Quant à la deuxième étude, il s'agit d'une tâche de positionnement d'objets, réalisée avec des enseignants de l'école primaire au Maroc, dans les trois langues. Les résultats montrent que dans toutes les langues du recueil, la même tendance est visible. Cette étude nous a permis d'entrevoir les difficultés à évaluer selon un protocole expérimental contrôlé les préférences linguistiques en lien avec telle ou telle langue dans un contexte plurilinguistique naturel et scolaire. En outre, ces recherches s'ouvrent sur l'importance de prendre en compte des contraintes liées au développement cognitif et au mode d'acquisition des langues par des enfants scolarisés.
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Louise, Breman, and Svensson Andreas. "FUKTSKADOR I UTELUFTSVENTILERAD KRYPGRUND : Med avseende på klimatförändringar och installation av golvvärme." Thesis, Tekniska Högskolan, Högskolan i Jönköping, JTH, Byggnadsteknik, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-31087.
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Syfte: Idag riskerar cirka 300 000 hushåll med uteluftsventilerad krypgrund att bli angripna av fukt- och mögelskador. Klimatet i en uteluftsventilerad krypgrund påverkas i stor grad av temperaturen och den relativa luftfuktigheten. Det råder inga tvivel om att klimatet står inför förändringar, vilket innebär en höjd temperatur och en förändring av den relativa luftfuktigheten. Detta gör att den uteluftsventilerade krypgrunden inte har möjlighet att torka ut under vissa perioder på året och utsätts då för en förhöjd risk av fuktskador. Parallellt med klimatförändringen moderniseras även uppvärmningssystemen i småhusen, vilket ändrar förutsättningar för krypgrunderna. Målet med arbetet är att undersöka om klimatförändringarna och installation av golvvärme i träbjälklaget har bidragit till fuktskador i uteluftsventilerade krypgrunder och ge underlag till effektivare åtgärder av fuktskador. Metod: För att utreda om klimatförändringarna är ett problem för de uteluftsventilerade krypgrunderna har dokumentanalyser genomförts vilka sedan följdes av beräkningar av krypgrundens relativa luftfuktighet. På samma sätt gavs svar på om golvvärmen är en bidragande faktor till fuktskadorna. Båda frågeställningarna styrktes även av kvalitativa intervjuer med sakkunniga personer. Hur fuktskadorna effektivare kunde åtgärdas togs främst fram genom kvalitativa intervjuer men styrktes av dokumentanalyser. Resultat: Studien visar att klimatförändringarna kommer att påverka uteluftsventilerade krypgrunder i positiv bemärkelse då studien endast tog hänsyn till temperaturhöjningen. Installation av golvvärme har även visats vara positivt mot fuktskador i en uteluftsventilerad krypgrund om isolering i bjälklaget saknas eller är bristfällig. Branschen ser ingen vinst i att effektivisera åtgärdsmetoderna då dessa redan är välprövade och väl fungerande. Konsekvenser: Ett varmare klimat ger bättre förutsättningar för en uteluftsventilerad krypgrund. Medvetenheten om hur klimatförändringarna påverkar krypgrunderna ger byggbranschen ett försprång att förbereda sig inför kommande förändringar. Kunskapen om att golvvärme kan ge positiva effekter mot fuktskador i uteluftsventilerade krypgrunder ger nya förutsättningar för renoveringar och åtgärder mot fuktskador, dock måste energiförlusterna tas i hänsyn i dessa fall. Branschen ser ingen vinst i att effektivisera åtgärdsmetoderna, vilket gör att det inte finns någon anledning att gå djupare in i detta. Begränsningar: Arbetet behandlar endast uteluftsventilerade krypgrunder med träbjälklag som ligger inom Sveriges gränser. Denna studie är därför inte applicerbar på andra konstruktioner eller utanför Sveriges gränser. Endast klimatförändringarna det senaste seklet och fram till 2100 tas hänsyn till i rapporten. Studien tar heller inte hänsyn till fukttillskott från mark och dagvatten, likaså görs inga beräkningar på ventilation.Purpose: Today are about 300 000 buildings with outdoor ventilated crawl space at risk to be contaminated by moisture and mold damage. An outdoor ventilated crawl space’s climate is greatly affected by the temperature and the relative humidity. There is no doubt that the climate is facing changes, which means an increased temperature and a change in the relative humidity. This prevents the outdoor ventilated crawl space from drying out during certain periods of the year and is then exposed to a heightened risk of moisture damage. Parallel to the climate change the heating systems are being modernized in houses, which changes the conditions for the crawl spaces. The objective of this essay is to do a research if climate change and the installation of underfloor heating in the greater part of the joist area has given rise to moisture damage in outdoor ventilated crawl spaces and provide good basis for more effective measures to moisture damage. Method: To investigate whether the climate change is a problem for outdoor ventilated crawl spaces have document analyzes been conducted, which was followed by calculations of the crawl spaces’ relative humidity. Calculations have been made to find out if the underfloor heating is a contributing problem to moisture damage. Both issues are also corroborated by interviews with qualified people. How the moisture damage more effective could be fixed was answered primarily through qualitative interviews, but corroborated by document analysis. Findings: The study shows that climate change will affect outdoor ventilated crawl spaces in a positive sense, only account to the temperature rise. Installing underfloor heating has also been shown to be positive against moisture damage in outdoor ventilated crawl spaces if insulation in the soffit is missing or deficient. The industry sees no gain in efficiency action methods as these are already proven and well- functioning. Implications: A warmer climate provides better conditions for outdoor ventilated crawl space. Being aware of the changes associated with climate change, and its effects on buildings give the construction industry a head start to prepare for future changes. Knowledge that underfloor heating can provide positive effects against moisture damage in crawl spaces creates new opportunities for renovations and actions against dampness but the energy losses in this case must be considered. Since the industry does not see profit in streamlining action methods is no need to go deeper into this. Limitations: The report deals only outdoor ventilated crawl spaces with wooden soffit that is located within the Swedish borders. This study is therefore not applicable to other constructions or other countries. Only climate change in the last century and up until 2100 are taken into account in the report. Further on the study does not take the excess moisture from the soil or the storm water into account; likewise there are no calculations for the ventilation.
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Lutterjohann, Nina. "The limitations of imagining peace : the relative success and failure of international organisations and the Georgian-Abkhaz and Moldovan-Transnistrian conflicts, 1992-2013." Thesis, University of St Andrews, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/11752.
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This thesis comparatively analyses dilemmas arising from the unresolved Georgian-Abkhazian and Moldovan-Transnistrian conflicts. The many existing differences in the nature and dynamics of each conflict point to a sui generis situation, yet, many similarities also exist, including Soviet era legacies. The research premise is based on very considerable resourcing being dedicated to the resolution of these conflicts since their inception, yet no significant conflict transformation (Abkhazia has Russian recognition) has occurred, let alone peace. Given the mandate from the OSCE, EU and UN, the purpose of the thesis is to analyse their involvement. While evidence – local vested interests and strategic interests – illustrates the obvious obstructions, the thesis focuses on the IOs and asks why no tangible successes were achieved. This is done by critically analysing their performance, by assuming that success is often overlooked and by identifying a range of misperceptions. Therefore, by considering conflict transformation and engaging in analysis of many sources, including documents and about five-dozen interviews, the thesis reappraises the ethno-national origins, the geopolitical dimension and the entrenched conflicting party positions in the context of pan-European actors' responses. The analyses of the comparative peace processes illuminate the IOs' own challenges in reaching consensus as well as on the conflicting parties' competing narratives. Answering the question of what to produce first – a political solution to improve societal conditions, or the pursuing exercise of confidence-building measures (CBMs) to settle the status question – is part of the objective. I argue that a typology of success and failure more comprehensively explains IO performance between 1992 and the EU's Vilnius Summit in 2013.
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Dal, Poz William Rodrigo. "Investigações preliminares sobre a influência do clima espacial no posicionamento relativo com GNSS /." Presidente Prudente : [s.n.], 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/100251.
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Orientador: Paulo de Oliveira CamargoBanca: João Francisco Galera Monico
Banca: Edvaldo Simões da Fonseca Junior
Banca: Cláudia Pereira Krueger
Banca: Moisés Ferreira Costa
Resumo: O erro devido à ionosfera nas observáveis GNSS (Global Navigation Satellite System) é diretamente proporcional à densidade de elétrons presente na ionosfera e inversamente proporcional a frequência do sinal. Da mesma forma que no posicionamento por ponto, os resultados obtidos no posicionamento relativo são afetados pelo efeito sistemático da ionosfera, que é uma das maiores fontes de erro no posicionamento com GNSS. Mesmo considerando que parte dos erros devido à ionosfera é cancelada na dupla diferenciação, a ionosfera pode causar fortes impactos no posicionamento relativo. O problema principal neste método de posicionamento é a variação espacial na densidade de elétrons, que pode ocorrer em função de vários fatores, tais como hora local, variação sazonal, localização do usuário, ciclo solar e atividade geomagnética. Dependendo das condições do clima espacial, que é controlado pelo Sol, a atividade geomagnética pode ser alterada de forma significativa, dando origem a uma tempestade geomagnética. Nesta pesquisa foram avaliados os efeitos da ionosfera no posicionamento relativo, com observações GNSS da fase da onda portadora (L1), nas regiões ionosféricas de latitude média e alta e na região equatorial. Nas duas primeiras regiões foram analisados os efeitos da ionosfera em períodos de irregularidades, decorrentes de tempestades geomagnéticas. Na região equatorial, que engloba o Brasil, foram analisados os efeitos da ionosfera em função da variação diária e sazonal. No processamento dos dados GNSS foi utilizado o GPSeq, que processa os dados na forma recursiva e fornece os Resíduos Preditos da Dupla Diferença da Fase (RPDDF) ... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Abstract: The error caused by ionosphere on GNSS (Global Navigation Satellite System) is directly proportional to the density of electrons from ionosphere and inversely proportional to the frequency squared of the signal GNSS. As in the case of point positioning, results in relative positioning are affected by systematic effect from ionosphere, which is one of major error sources in the GNSS positioning. Although some errors caused by ionosphere are canceled in double difference, strong impacts may be caused by ionosphere on the relative positioning. In this positioning the main problem is the spatial variation in electron density that can occur due local time, seasonal variation, user location, solar cycle, geomagnetic activity, etc. Depending on the conditions of space weather, in which is controlled by the Sun, the geomagnetic activity can be changed inducing geomagnetic storms. In this research the effects from ionosphere has been evaluated in GNSS relative positioning using L1 carrier phase observations, at the three regions of the ionosphere: middle and high latitudes and equatorial region. In regions of middle and high latitudes have been analyzed the effects from ionosphere in irregularities periods, caused by geomagnetic storms. In the equatorial region, including Brazil, have been analyzed the effects from ionosphere according daily and seasonal variation. In the processing GNSS data has been used GPSeq software. This software processes the data in a recursive form and provides the Predicted Residual of Carrier Phase Double Difference (PRCPDD) ... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
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Tzschichholz, Tristan [Verfasser], Klaus [Gutachter] Schilling, and Hubert [Gutachter] Roth. "Relative pose estimation of known rigid objects using a novel approach to high-level PMD-/CCD- sensor data fusion with regard to applications in space / Tristan Tzschichholz. Gutachter: Klaus Schilling ; Hubert Roth." Würzburg : Universität Würzburg, 2014. http://d-nb.info/1109750110/34.
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Tzschichholz, Tristan Verfasser], Klaus [Gutachter] [Schilling, and Hubert [Gutachter] Roth. "Relative pose estimation of known rigid objects using a novel approach to high-level PMD-/CCD- sensor data fusion with regard to applications in space / Tristan Tzschichholz. Gutachter: Klaus Schilling ; Hubert Roth." Würzburg : Universität Würzburg, 2014. http://d-nb.info/1109750110/34.
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Gómez, Martínez Harvey Camilo [Verfasser], Bernd [Akademischer Betreuer] Eissfeller, Bernd [Gutachter] Eissfeller, and Helmut [Gutachter] Mayer. "Space Relative Navigation for Autonomous Safe Capture of Non-Cooperative Targets / Harvey Camilo Gómez Martínez ; Gutachter: Bernd Eissfeller, Helmut Mayer ; Akademischer Betreuer: Bernd Eissfeller ; Universität der Bundeswehr München, Fakultät für Luft- und Raumfahrttechnik." Neubiberg : Universitätsbibliothek der Universität der Bundeswehr München, 2019. http://d-nb.info/1194412912/34.
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Gómez, Martínez Harvey Camilo [Verfasser], Bernd [Akademischer Betreuer] Eissfeller, Bernd Gutachter] Eissfeller, and Helmut [Gutachter] [Mayer. "Space Relative Navigation for Autonomous Safe Capture of Non-Cooperative Targets / Harvey Camilo Gómez Martínez ; Gutachter: Bernd Eissfeller, Helmut Mayer ; Akademischer Betreuer: Bernd Eissfeller ; Universität der Bundeswehr München, Fakultät für Luft- und Raumfahrttechnik." Neubiberg : Universitätsbibliothek der Universität der Bundeswehr München, 2019. http://d-nb.info/1194412912/34.
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Shaddad, Amna. "The classification and dynamics of the momentum polytopes of the SU(3) action on points in the complex projective plane with an application to point vortices." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2018. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/the-classification-and-dynamics-of-the-momentum-polytopes-of-the-su3-action-on-points-in-the-complex-projective-plane-with-an-application-to-point-vortices(456a7a49-ef1b-4660-a8e6-8d4cd0791d9d).html.
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We have fully classified the momentum polytopes of the SU(3) action on CP(2)xCP(2) and CP(2)xCP(2) xCP(2), both actions with weighted symplectic forms, and their corresponding transition momentum polytopes. For CP(2)xCP(2) the momentum polytopes are distinct line segments. The action on CP(2)xCP(2) xCP(2), has 9 different momentum polytopes. The vertices of the momentum polytopes of the SU(3) action on CP(2)xCP(2) xCP(2), fall into two categories: definite and indefinite vertices. The reduced space corresponding to momentum map image values at definite vertices is isomorphic to the 2-sphere. We show that these results can be applied to assess the dynamics by introducing and computing the space of allowed velocity vectors for the different configurations of two-vortex systems.
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Samardzija-Grek, Tatjana. "Propositions relatives narratives en Français." Paris 3, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA030047.
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La thèse propose l’analyse morphosyntaxique et textuelle des propositions relatives dites « narratives » dans le cadre de la sémantique du prototype. Est définie comme narrative une proposition relative qui, postposée au prédicat d’accueil, a pour but d’exprimer, au premier plan, le procès VR, causé par le procès de la proposition d’accueil (VA) moyennant la participation de l’entité ANT+REL. La proposition relative narrative forme, avec sa proposition d’accueil, une séquence relative narrative. L’interprétation narrative prototypique d’une relative est la résultante des valeurs-paramètres opposées à celles caractérisant une proposition relative caractérisante, ces valeurs tenant surtout du prédicat verbal, prototypiquement « perfectif », « spécifiant », « transitif ». Ces propriétés des prédicats dans la séquence relative narrative rejoignent le double lien anaphorique et syntaxique du bloc relatif formé par l’antécédent et le relatif pour créer une unique image de progression des évènements dans le temps et dans l’espace, appelé « effet de dominos ». Grâce aux rapports sémantique et syntaxique entre l’antécédent et le relatif, de même qu’aux propriétés morphosyntaxiques des procès VA et VR, la proposition relative narrative dispose d’un sémantisme unique par rapport à d’autres structures narratives, telles les temporelles ou les coordonnées. Une première conséquence en est l’expression de causalité, renforcée par la progression thématique linéaire, ou ANT thème devient REL thème. Cette structure montre comment, par un usage systématique des valeurs périphériques d’une structure, il est possible d’en créer un type tout différentThe thesis proposes both morphosyntaxical and textual analyses of the so-called « narrative » relative clauses from the point of view of the standard version of prototype theory. One may consider as narrative any relative clause postponed to the predicate of the embedding clause (VA), which aims at narrating a figure event (VR) presented as caused by VA trough the participation, direct or indirect, of the ANT+REL entity. The interpretation of all narrative relatives depends upon a certain number of parameters, each organised in a form of value continuum. The prototype of a narrative relative clause is the sum of parameter values opposite to the prototype of a relative clause in general. The narrative relatives refer to parameters pertaining to verbal values such as “perfective”, specifying” or “transitive”. Typically appearing in narrative contexts, the narrative relative clauses grant some particular meanings to the narrated events. Whereas coordination tends to be a mere statement of events and states, and while temporal clauses insist on a temporal succession of events, the narrative relative clauses picture both temporal succession of events and their progression in space. Temporal progression is the result of insisting on the perfective verb aspect and on the postposition of the relative predicate. Spatial progression depends upon the anaphoric relation between the antecedent and the relative pronoun. This causes a strong causal relation between VA and VR. Such structure of the narrative relative sequence equals to the linear thematic progression, where a comment becomes the topic of the next clause
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Liljestrand, Simon, and Viktor Lundell. "Fuktkontroll av en ventilerad platta på mark : Modellering i COMSOL Multiphysics 5.5." Thesis, Högskolan i Gävle, Avdelningen för byggnadsteknik, energisystem och miljövetenskap, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-32653.
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Krypgrunder i någon form har använts som grundkonstruktion i Sverige under långtid. Förr var det torpargrunder som med tiden blev isolerade krypgrunder och plintgrunder. Gemensamt för krypgrundskonstruktioner som är ventilerade med utomhusluft är att under sommarhalvåret blir det förhöjda relativa ånghalter. Syftet med fallstudien är att studera en uteluftsventilerad konstruktion med välisolerat bjälklag och markisolering. Konstruktionen är nedgrävd och ventilationen i grunden sker via en tunn spalt under marknivå. Luftspaltens temperatur och relativa ånghalt är av intresse för att avgöra om det finns risken för mögel i konstruktionen. En simulering av värmeflödet mellan byggnad och mark genomförs i COMSOLMultiphysics 5.5 för att avgöra temperaturfördelningen i konstruktionen. Temperaturfördelningen ligger som grund för fastställandet av relativ ånghalt i konstruktionens luftspalt. Simuleringen använder klimatdata för ett typår i Gävle. Simuleringen visar att det är höga temperaturer i luftspalten året runt. Detta ger enrelativ ånghalt som månadsmedel på 37–77% under ett år. Den höga temperaturen iluftspalten bidrar till att hålla konstruktionen torr då kritisk relativ ånghalt, 75–80%, inte överstigs under en längre period. Resultat är förvånansvärt positivt med en låg risk för mögeltillväxt i konstruktionen.Det finns många antaganden framförallt vilket luftflöde som återfinns i luftspalten.För att validera resultaten i arbetet så bör mätningar genomföras på de två prototyphus som existerar.Crawl spaces in some form have been used as foundations in Sweden for a long time.In the past, it was uninsulated crawl spaces that eventually evolved into insulatedcrawl spaces and open plinth foundations. An increased relative humidity during thesummer is a common problem for crawl spaces that are ventilated with outdoor air. The purpose of the case study is to study an outdoor ventilated structure with wellinsulated floor and ground insulation. The construction is below ground level andthe ventilation takes place via a thin air gap below ground level. The temperatureand relative humidity in the air gap are of interest to determine if there is a risk ofmould growth in the design. A simulation of the heat flow between the building and the ground is carried out inCOMSOL Multiphysics 5.5 to determine the temperature distribution in the design.The temperature distribution is the basis for the determination of relative vaporcontent in the air gap of the structure.The simulation uses climate data for a typicalyear in Gävle. The simulation shows a high temperature in the air gap which gives a relative vaporcontent as a monthly average of 37–77% during a year. The high temperature in theair gap contributes to keeping the structure dry when critical relative humidity, 75–80%, is not exceeded for a longer period of time. The results are surprisingly positive with a low risk of mold growth in the construction.There are many assumptions, in particular, which airflow is found in the airgap. In order to validate the results in the work, measurements should be made onthe two prototype houses that exist.
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Moutet, Laurent. "Diagrammes et théorie de la relativité restreinte : une ingénierie didactique." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016USPCC275/document.
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Nous avons développé et mis à l’épreuve des activités utilisant un registre basé sur des diagrammes lors de l’enseignement de la théorie de la relativité restreinte avec des élèves de terminale S. L’approche graphique est source de difficultés didactiques mais les potentialités didactiques peuvent être plus avantageuses. Une étude épistémologique sur les diagrammes utilisables en relativité restreinte permet de voir les liens importants entre les mathématiques et la genèse de la théorie. C’est le cas du diagramme de Minkowski. Nous avons également étudié les diagrammes de Brehme et de Loedel, créés beaucoup plus tard pour des raisons didactiques. Après les séances pilotes, nous avons développé un nouveau cadre théorique, permettant d’analyser plus finement les interactions développées par les élèves résolvant un problème utilisant des diagrammes en relativité restreinte. Nous avons modifié les espaces de travail mathématique (ETM) en rajoutant le cadre de rationalité de la physique à celui des mathématiques. Le cadre des ETM étendu nous a permis de concevoir plusieurs versions de séquences et de réaliser une analyse a priori de leur niveau de difficulté et a posteriori en étudiant des travaux d’élèves. L’analyse du travail de groupes d’élèves a été effectuée lors d’une séquence utilisant le diagramme de Minkowski avec GeoGebra, un logiciel de simulation graphique. Le degré de maitrise du diagramme de Minkowski a été évalué pour chaque élève du point de vue des mathématiques et de la physique. Les résultats sont prometteurs, ils montrent une appropriation réelle des concepts de la théorie de la relativité restreinte via une approche utilisant des diagrammesWe tried to develop and test several activities using a register based on diagrams for teaching the special theory of relativity to S class of twelfth graders. The graphic approach may result it complications in learning. However, its educational potential can turn out to be more beneficial. An epistemological study on diagrams used in special relativity allowed us to report important links between mathematics and the genesis of the special theory of relativity. This is the case of the Minkowski diagram. We were also interested in two other diagrams, Brehme and Loedel, which were developed much more later for teaching purposes. Following experimental sessions, we developed a new theoretical frame to comprehensively analyse the interactions developed by students to solve a problem using diagrams in special relativity. We modified the mathematical working spaces (MWS) by adding a new frame of rationality to the existing mathematic workspace to physics. The extended frame of the MWS allowed us to plan several versions of sequences proposed to the students and realize a priori analysis of their difficulty level and a posteriori study by analysing pupils' works. We have considered several works of student groups during a sequence using the Minkowski diagram with GeoGebra, a graphic simulation software. It allowed us to estimate the degree of control of the Minkowski diagram for every student, both from the frame of rationality of the mathematics and the physical sciences’ point of view. The results are promising and they tend to show a real appropriation of the concepts of the special theory of relativity with an approach using diagrams
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Chizat, Lénaïc. "Transport optimal de mesures positives : modèles, méthodes numériques, applications." Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PSLED063/document.
Full textAbstract:
L'objet de cette thèse est d'étendre le cadre théorique et les méthodes numériques du transport optimal à des objets plus généraux que des mesures de probabilité. En premier lieu, nous définissons des modèles de transport optimal entre mesures positives suivant deux approches, interpolation et couplage de mesures, dont nous montrons l'équivalence. De ces modèles découle une généralisation des métriques de Wasserstein. Dans une seconde partie, nous développons des méthodes numériques pour résoudre les deux formulations et étudions en particulier une nouvelle famille d'algorithmes de "scaling", s'appliquant à une grande variété de problèmes. La troisième partie contient des illustrations ainsi que l'étude théorique et numérique, d'un flot de gradient de type Hele-Shaw dans l'espace des mesures. Pour les mesures à valeurs matricielles, nous proposons aussi un modèle de transport optimal qui permet un bon arbitrage entre fidélité géométrique et efficacité algorithmiqueThis thesis generalizes optimal transport beyond the classical "balanced" setting of probability distributions. We define unbalanced optimal transport models between nonnegative measures, based either on the notion of interpolation or the notion of coupling of measures. We show relationships between these approaches. One of the outcomes of this framework is a generalization of the p-Wasserstein metrics. Secondly, we build numerical methods to solve interpolation and coupling-based models. We study, in particular, a new family of scaling algorithms that generalize Sinkhorn's algorithm. The third part deals with applications. It contains a theoretical and numerical study of a Hele-Shaw type gradient flow in the space of nonnegative measures. It also adresses the case of measures taking values in the cone of positive semi-definite matrices, for which we introduce a model that achieves a balance between geometrical accuracy and algorithmic efficiency
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Jerome, Kristine P. "Social and spatial relations in the production of social order: A case of the women's refuge." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2001. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/36762/1/36762_Digitised%20Thesis.pdf.
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This thesis explores the way social and spatial relations produce social order. It does this through an examination of the women's refuge. The women's refuge is a particularly appropriate case to examine this relationship. While many other social institutions share the purpose of transforming populations, the refuge intensifies this process. This is because the refuge is about producing 'independent women' in a setting that is not purpose built, within a period of three months. Thus, the process of transformation is intensified socially, because it is compressed temporally and spatially. This thesis proposes a conceptual framework that is informed by Bourdieu and the theorists of 'the interaction order' - Goffman, Garfinkel and Sacks - and a case study using a number of qualitative methods to investigate this process. It does this by comparing the way the notions of 'independence', 'empowerment' and 'home' are embedded in daily practices of three examples of the refuge, in operation in urban Southeast Queensland. This provides a means to formulate a comprehensive picture about the production of the 'refuge culture', and the social and spatial relations that construct social order in this kind of social organisation.
There are two reasons why this kind of investigation is important. Firstly, this investigation makes a substantive contribution to the study of the women's refuge. Existing literature about the women's refuge does not clearly describe the way this social world is produced and the way 'independent women' are constructed. This study does this by examining the social and spatial relations of this setting and the rhetoric that accompanies it. Furthermore, this case study examines three different refuge models in order to understand the way social order is produced and how social and spatial relations contribute to this process. This provides an opportunity to explore different versions of 'independence' and explain why one refuge model is more likely to produce 'independent women' in keeping with feminist rationale.
Secondly, conceptually and methodologically, the contribution of this thesis is made possible by exploring the relevance of concepts proposed by Bourdieu to the issues of social and spatial relations and the way they construct social order. These concepts are operationalised and applied to theories of 'the interaction order' - proposed by Goffman, Garfinkel and Sacks - in order to understand the women's refuge. This research approach offers a framework to capture the everyday experience of the refuge by focusing on the way social actors sustain daily action. The methods used to do this are participant observation, focus group discussions and semi-structured interviews. The application of this method of social inquiry means that it is possible to comprehend the process of transformation, the way this is operationalised on a daily basis, and the set of relations that produce the ordered social world of the refuge. Furthermore, the application of this method of social inquiry provides a way to further comprehend the mechanisms that produce social order in social institutions intent on transforming populations in transition.
This investigation makes substantive theoretical and methodological contributions to the disciplines of sociology and design. In relation to the sociological study of social organisations, this study demonstrates the importance of using a particular method of social inquiry to uncover the relationship between social and spatial orders in the construction of social order. In relation to design, this investigation demonstrates the way spatial organisation is intertwined with aspects of social and cultural organisation. Collectively, the findings presented in this study demonstrate the reflexive relationship between social and spatial orders and the construction of social institutions. This is managed by describing the relationships that produce the social institution of the women's refuge and the way these facilitate the transformation of a population in transition. This study concludes by discussing the significance of these findings in relation to theories and policies about the refuge, and the benefit of future research of this kind in the investigation of social organisations intent on producing transformation.
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Ведміцький, Ю. Г. "Напруга зміщення нейтралі багатофазних систем електричних кіл в координатному просторі відносних фізичних величин. Метод зіставленої несиметрії." Thesis, ВНТУ, 2019. http://ir.lib.vntu.edu.ua//handle/123456789/24122.
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В роботі запропоновано новий метод аналізу багатофазних систем електричних кіл на прикладі дослідження властивостей функції напруги зміщення нейтралі в координатному просторі відносних фізичних величин (нульвимірна задача). Дослідження проведено з використанням вихідного теоретичного базису узагальненого електричного кола з урахуванням знедавна виявленого фізичного явища гіперсилової (гіпервалентної) взаємодії між типовими елементарними ланками динамічних систем – наразі фазами багатофазних систем електричних кіл. Метод названо методом зіставленої несиметрії.The article proposes a new method for analyzing multi-phase electrical circuits – the method of comparable neutral. With its help, a zero-dimensional problem in the field of symmetry of the specified electrical circuits, also formulated for the first time, was solved. The study was conducted using the initial theoretical basis of the generalized electrical circuit, taking into account the physical phenomenon of hypervalence interaction between the typical elementary links of electrical dynamic systems
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Alvar, Blomgren. "”By the iron hand of oppression" : The performance of the parliamentary election contest in Nottingham and Middlesex 1802-1803." Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Historiska institutionen, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-143964.
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The aim of this thesis is to investigate how politics was done at the level of the parliamentary constituencies at the time of the treaty of Amiens 1802-1803. This is achieved through two case studies of the elections in Middlesex and Nottingham, which are investigated as social practices. This thesis argues that understandings of masculinity and national identity, as well as questions about the nature of the constitution and citizen rights were central to participants in the extraparliamentary political process. Collective emotions were also highly important in the process of mobilising political support, and this thesis emphasises that participation in these elections was a collective effort; men and women from all levels of society were significant political actors. Moreover, this thesis demonstrates the importance of competences such as knowledge about the organisation of crowds and political violence in the performance of the election.
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Vourdas, Apostolos. "Independence and totalness of subspaces in phase space methods." 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/15241.
Full textAbstract:
YesThe concepts of independence and totalness of subspaces are introduced in the context of quasi-probability distributions in phase space, for quantum systems with finite-dimensional Hilbert space. It is shown that due to the non-distributivity of the lattice of subspaces, there are various levels of independence, from pairwise independence up to (full) independence. Pairwise totalness, totalness and other intermediate concepts are also introduced, which roughly express that the subspaces overlap strongly among themselves, and they cover the full Hilbert space. A duality between independence and totalness, that involves orthocomplementation (logical NOT operation), is discussed. Another approach to independence is also studied, using Rota’s formalism on independent partitions of the Hilbert space. This is used to define informational independence, which is proved to be equivalent to independence. As an application, the pentagram (used in discussions on contextuality) is analysed using these concepts.
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Moncef, Ghazel. "The topology of the relative loop space." 1995. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/33316667.html.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Wisconsin--Madison, 1995.Typescript. eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 88-89).
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Jin, Renling. "Independence relative to nonstandard analysis results which are true in some nonstandard universes and false in others /." 1992. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/27748875.html.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Wisconsin--Madison, 1992.Typescript. eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 59-60).
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Stewart, Emma Elizabeth Marshall. "A journey through time and space: the spatiotemporal profile of attention relative to saccade and reach." Thesis, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/2440/105357.
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In an interactive environment, we use a multitude of eye and hand movements to gather information about our surroundings, and to act upon what we see. While these are the eventual, overt behaviours that we observe, there are countless hidden neural processes guiding where we move our eyes and hands. This thesis will examine one such of these processes: visual attention. Visual attention has been shown to produce perceptual benefits, such as an increase in contrast sensitivity, at the attended location, and there is evidence that before an eye or hand movement is made, attention shifts to the location of that upcoming movement target. This thesis aimed to comprehensively map the spatiotemporal profile of attention when reaches and saccades were being planned and executed, in order to compare how attention shifts when different types of movements are being made. The first experiment mapped the spatiotemporal profile of attention relative to a reach alone. Results of this study showed that when a reach alone is being planned, there is a broad spatial allocation of attention across the visual field, while the temporal profile shows a slight increase before the onset of a reach, with a dramatic drop in performance once the hand is in flight. The second experiment compared the spatiotemporal profile of attention for saccades alone, and saccades with a concurrent reach. These results, in contrast showed a large increase in performance before the start of a movement, and a plateau of performance during the movement itself. The third experiment aimed to explore how attention may differ depending on where a probed location is situated relative to the direction of a movement, and to compare how this may change across different movement effectors. Results showed that the profile of attention differed depending on both movement effector and whether the probe appeared in line with or orthogonal to the direction of a movement. These results also suggest that attention spreads differently when a saccade is being made, irrespective of whether a reach is being conducted or not. Overall, the results of this thesis showed three main effects: the spatiotemporal profile of attention is different when a saccade is being made compared to a reach alone; attentional facilitation at the location of a probe is different depending on where the probe is located, relative to the direction of movement; and this profile of attention varies depending on the type of movement being enacted. Additional results also suggest that attention may act in a dual facilitatory/inhibitory manner, depending on the movement effector. Taken together, these results provide evidence that different types of movement planning may require different levels of attentional guidance, and also provide evidence that pre-movement attention may be a flexibly allocated resource, depending on the demands of the task, and the movements being enacted.Thesis (Ph.D.) -- University of Adelaide, School of Psycholoy, 2016.
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Taslimitehrani, Mojtaba. "Aspects of Gauge Theories in Lorentzian Curved Space-times." 2018. https://ul.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A32454.
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We study different aspects of perturbatively renormalized quantum gauge theories in the presence of non-trivial background Lorentzian metrics and background connections. First, we show that the proof of nilpotency of the renormalized interacting BRST charge can be reduced to the cohomological analysis of the classical BRST differential. This result guarantees the self-consistency of a class of local, renormalizable field theories with vanishing 'gauge anomaly'' at the quantum level, such as the pure Yang-Mills theory in four dimensions. Self-consistency here means that the algebra of gauge invariant observables can be constructed as the cohomology of this charge.
Second, we give a proof of background independence of the Yang-Mills theory. We define background independent observables in a geometrical formulation as flat sections of a cohomology algebra bundle over the manifold of background configurations, with respect to a flat connection which implements background variations. We observe that background independence at the quantum level is potentially violated. We, however, show that the potential obstructions can be removed by a finite renormalization.
Third, we construct the advanced/retarded Green's functions and Hadamard parametrices for linearized Yang-Mills and Einstein equations in general linear covariant gauges. They play an essential role in formulating gauge theories in curved spacetimes.
Finally, we study a superconformal gauge theory in three dimensions (the ABJM theory) which is conformally coupled to a curved background. The superconformal symmetry of this theory is described by a conformal symmetry superalgebra on manifolds which admit twistor spinors.
By analyzing the relevant cohomology class of an appropriate BV-BRST differential, we show that the full superalgebra is realized at the quantum level.
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Cox, Bradley. "Relative Damaging Ability Of Galactic Cosmic Rays Determined Using Monte Carlo Simulations Of Track Structure." Thesis, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-2011-08-10105.
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The energy deposition characteristics of heavy ions vary substantially compared to those of photons. Many radiation biology studies have compared the damaging effects of different types of radiation to establish relative biological effectiveness among them. These studies are dependent on cell type, biological endpoint, radiation type, dose, and dose rate. The radiation field found in space is much more complicated than that simulated in most experiments, both from a point of dose-rate as well as the highly mixed field of radiative particles encompassing a broad spectrum of energies. To establish better estimates for radiation risks on long-term, deep space missions, the damaging ability of heavy ions requires further understanding. Track structure studies provide significant details about the spatial distribution of energy deposition events in and around the sensitive targets of a mammalian cell. The damage imparted by one heavy ion relative to another can be established by modeling the track structures of ions that make up the galactic cosmic ray (GCR) spectrum and emphasizing biologically relevant target geometries.
This research was undertaken to provide a better understanding of the damaging ability of GCR at the cellular level. By comparing ions with equal stopping power values, the differences in track structure will illuminate variations in cell particle traversals and ionization density within cell nuclei. For a cellular target, increased particle traversals, along with increased ionization density, are key identifiers for increased damaging ability.
Performing Monte Carlo simulations with the computer code, FLUKA, this research will provide cellular dosimetry data and detail the track structure of the ions. As shown in radiobiology studies, increased ionizations within a cell nucleus generally lead to increased DNA breaks and increased free radical production, resulting in increased carcinogenesis and cell death. The spatial distribution of dose surrounding ions tracks are compared for inter- and intracellular regions. A comparison can be made for many different ions based upon dose and particle fluence across those different regions to predict relative damaging ability. This information can be used to improve estimates for radiation quality and dose equivalent from the space radiation environment.
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"Scaling the Response of Deltas to Relative Sea-level Cycles by Autogenic Space and Time Scales: a Laboratory Study." Tulane University, 2017.
Find full textAbstract:
acase@tulane.eduRelative Sea-Level (RSL) change influences surface processes and stratigraphic architecture of deltaic systems and has been studied extensively for decades. However, we still lack a quantitative framework to define what constitutes a small vs. large or short vs. long RSL cycle. We explore these questions with a suite of physical experiments that shared identical forcing conditions with the exception of sea-level. We utilize two non-dimensional numbers that characterize the magnitude and period of RSL cycles. Magnitude is defined with respect to the maximum autogenic channel depth, while the periodicity is defined with respect to the time required to deposit one channel depth of sediment, on average, everywhere in the basin. The experiments include: 1) a control experiment lacking RSL cycles, used to define autogenic scales, 2) a low magnitude, long period (LMLP) stage, and 3) a high magnitude, short period (HMSP) stage. We observe clear differences in the response of deltas to the forcing in each experiment. The RSL cycles in the HMSP stage induce allogenic surface processes and stratigraphic products with scales that exceed the stochastic variability found in the control stage. These include the generation of rough shorelines and large temporal gaps in the stratigraphy. In contrast, the imprint of LMLP cycles on surface processes and stratigraphy is found in properties that define the mean state of a system. These include the mean shoreline location and extraction of sediment inbound of the mean shoreline. This work demonstrates the effectiveness of defining RSL cycle magnitude and period through autogenic scales and provides insights for generation of forward stratigraphic models influenced by RSL change.
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Lizhu Yu
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Nadareishvili, George. "A classification of localizing subcategories by relative homological algebra." Doctoral thesis, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/11858/00-1735-0000-0028-867A-A.
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Hsu, Hsu-Hui, and 許旭輝. "The Space Location and the Relative Loading of Environmental Education Facilities-A Case Study at the Senior Secondary Level and Below in Central Taiwan." Thesis, 2017. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/qst6zy.
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碩士國立彰化師範大學
地理學系
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From the perspective of geography, the rational spatial arrangement is an important issue. The distribution of environmental education facility is based on the nature resource. Therefore, exploring the spatial distribution of environmental education facilities and understanding the relative loading can improve the implementation of environmental education. In order to understand the preference and selective behavior in environment education, this study investigated the implementation of environmental education in elementary schools, junior, and senior high schools in the central Taiwan by questionnaire. Geographic Information System (GIS) was used to analyze the characteristics of space loading and service range of environmental education facilities. We create “quotient of space loading” to realize the space concentration of environmental education facilities chosen by the schools, and distinguish them into different levels. The results show that the field trip of environmental education is mainly located in central Taiwan because of the transportation distance. According to the service frequency, the environmental education facilities can be divided into single and multiple service types. Most of single types are related to community while the multiple ones are much concentrated on few environmental education facilities. The result of the “quotient for space loading” shows the loading level is slight in the most townships; and the heavy loading areas concentrate only on little townships.