Relevant bibliographies by topics / The relative independence of space

Academic literature on the topic 'The relative independence of space'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 10 December 2022
Last updated: 28 January 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "The relative independence of space"

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Marcon, Eric, Florence Puech, and Stéphane Traissac. "Characterizing the Relative Spatial Structure of Point Patterns." International Journal of Ecology 2012 (2012): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/619281.

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We generalize Ripley’sKfunction to get a new function,M, to characterize the spatial structure of a point pattern relatively to another one. We show that this new approach is pertinent in ecology when space is not homogenous and the size of objects matters. We present how to use the function and test the data against the null hypothesis of independence between points. In a tropical tree data set we detect intraspecific aggregation and interspecific competition.
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Rappaport, Alexander. "Why architectural theory is not developing." проект байкал 19, no. 72 (July 31, 2022): 161–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.51461/projectbaikal.72.1998.

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This article is devoted to the problem of architecture’s relative independence from its theory. From the 18th to the 20th century, architects followed scientists in inventing theories using numbers, formulas and figures. They tried to comprehend architecture with the help of space and time categories, applying biological and linguistic theories to architecture. The author states that the phenomenon of architectural theory can only be explained from the postulate of its independence as a form of human culture.
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Robertson, A. Guyan. "Multiplicativity of the uniform norm and independent functions." Bulletin of the Australian Mathematical Society 42, no. 1 (August 1990): 153–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0004972700028264.

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It has long been known that there is a close connection between stochastic independence of continuous functions on an interval and space-filling curves [9]. In fact any two nonconstant continuous functions on [0, 1] which are independent relative to Lebesgue measure are the coordinate functions of a space filling curve. (The results of Steinhaus [9] have apparently been overlooked in more recent work in this area [3, 5, 6].)
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Bates, Robert H., John H. Coatsworth, and Jeffrey G. Williamson. "Lost Decades: Postindependence Performance in Latin America and Africa." Journal of Economic History 67, no. 4 (December 2007): 917–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022050707000447.

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Africa and Latin America secured independence from European colonial rule a century and half apart: most of Latin America by the 1820s and most of Africa by 1960. Despite the distance in time and space, they share important similarities. In each case independence was followed by political instability, violent conflict, and economic stagnation lasting for about a half-century. The parallels suggest that Africa might be exiting from a period of postimperial collapse and entering one of relative political stability and economic growth, as did Latin America almost two centuries ago.
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Kohlberg, Elon, and Philip J. Reny. "Independence on Relative Probability Spaces and Consistent Assessments in Game Trees." Journal of Economic Theory 75, no. 2 (August 1997): 280–313. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/jeth.1997.2295.

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Shao, Hong Xiang, and Xiao Ming Duan. "Video Vehicle Detection Method Based on Multiple Color Space Information Fusion." Advanced Materials Research 546-547 (July 2012): 721–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.546-547.721.

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A detection method which selective fuses the nine detection results of RGB, YCbCr and HSI color space according to the image color space relative independence of each component and complementarities is approached in order to improve vehicle video detection accuracy. The method fuses three different detection results in nine components by the value of H when the value of both S and I are higher and does another three detection results when the value of both S and I are smaller. Experiments show that the method compared to the traditional method using only the detection results of the brightness component improved substantial, reduced empty of the detected vehicle a large extent and increased traffic information data accuracy depending on the detection result.
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Chen, Zhitang, Kun Zhang, Laiwan Chan, and Bernhard Schölkopf. "Causal Discovery via Reproducing Kernel Hilbert Space Embeddings." Neural Computation 26, no. 7 (July 2014): 1484–517. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/neco_a_00599.

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Causal discovery via the asymmetry between the cause and the effect has proved to be a promising way to infer the causal direction from observations. The basic idea is to assume that the mechanism generating the cause distribution p(x) and that generating the conditional distribution p(y|x) correspond to two independent natural processes and thus p(x) and p(y|x) fulfill some sort of independence condition. However, in many situations, the independence condition does not hold for the anticausal direction; if we consider p(x, y) as generated via p(y)p(x|y), then there are usually some contrived mutual adjustments between p(y) and p(x|y). This kind of asymmetry can be exploited to identify the causal direction. Based on this postulate, in this letter, we define an uncorrelatedness criterion between p(x) and p(y|x) and, based on this uncorrelatedness, show asymmetry between the cause and the effect in terms that a certain complexity metric on p(x) and p(y|x) is less than the complexity metric on p(y) and p(x|y). We propose a Hilbert space embedding-based method EMD (an abbreviation for EMbeDding) to calculate the complexity metric and show that this method preserves the relative magnitude of the complexity metric. Based on the complexity metric, we propose an efficient kernel-based algorithm for causal discovery. The contribution of this letter is threefold. It allows a general transformation from the cause to the effect involving the noise effect and is applicable to both one-dimensional and high-dimensional data. Furthermore it can be used to infer the causal ordering for multiple variables. Extensive experiments on simulated and real-world data are conducted to show the effectiveness of the proposed method.
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Oknyansky, V. L., V. I. Shenavrin, N. V. Metlova, and C. M. Gaskell. "The Relative Wavelength Independence of IR Time Lags in NGC 4151 during the Years 2010–2015." Astronomy Letters 45, no. 4 (April 2019): 197–207. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s1063773719040066.

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Ignatavičius, Česlovas. "INVESTIGATION OF DAMPNESS DAMAGE IN THE HOUSE OF THE LITHUANIAN INDEPENDENCE SIGNATORIES/LIETUVOS NEPRIKLAUSOMYBĖS SIGNATARŲ NAMŲ GEDIMŲ, SUSIJUSIŲ SU DRĖGME, NATŪRINIAI TYRIMAI." JOURNAL OF CIVIL ENGINEERING AND MANAGEMENT 7, no. 3 (June 30, 2001): 247–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/13921525.2001.10531731.

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After the reconstruction of the House of the Lithuanian Independence Signatories the microclimate of its basement is damp, mycelium microorganisms, salt efflorescence occur on the enclosure wall surfaces, efflorescence and bubbles form on the facing of the walls and ceiling and an unpleasant smell appears in the building. Full-scale tests performed show that the protection of the basement exterior walls from damp is insufficient. On one spot of the outside ground the drained storm water penetrated through the basement exterior walls and streamed into the building after three hours from the beginning of the storm-water drainage. No water streams inside the building were observed at an other two storm-water drainage spots but the plaster humidity in the basement exterior walls inside the building was increased after the storm- water drainage on the outside ground. This dampness favoured the efflorescence of various salts on the facing of the basement walls and other building structures. Testing the basement air humidity showed that the relative air humidity in the middle of the basement space was 75.4–85.2%. It exceeds the maximum normative relative air humidity of 60%. The relative air humidity near the surfaces of the walls and floor was 95.3–100%. It exceeds the maximum normative relative air humidity of 80%. Such a high relative air humidity favoured the development of various mycelium microorganisms. Temperature analyses of the basement space showed that its air temperature differed from that of the wall and floor surfaces by up to 5.2°C and by up to 5.3°C, respectively. These temperature differencies exceed the maximum normative temperature difference of up to 2°C and up to 3°C for wall and floor surfaces, respectively. Such significant temperature differencies cause a great thermal discomfort. On the basis of the investigation results presented, it can be stated that the basement in the House of the Lithuanian Independence Signatories is unsuitable for a public building.
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Wang, Wei. "Design of Public Building Space in Smart City Based on Big Data." Journal of Environmental and Public Health 2022 (August 25, 2022): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/4733901.

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In order to improve the geometric form space composition and color planning analysis ability of smart city public buildings, a big data based smart city public building space design method is proposed. The method of combining computer vision detection and remote sensing detection is adopted to realize the detection of big data characteristics of spatial combination at the aesthetic level of building structure, and the difference distribution model of spatial composition parameters of building geometry is constructed. Extract the feature quantity of urban architectural integration form elements, and build the big data GIS information base of spatial combination at the aesthetic level of architectural structure according to the analysis results of intelligent parameters, so as to realize the spatial design of the intelligent urban public buildings. The test shows that the application of this method improves the geometric form space composition and color planning ability of smart city public buildings and can realize high-precision spatial combination big data extraction of architectural structure aesthetics in a large area. At the same time, this method can ensure the relative independence of space and meet the requirements of use and management.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "The relative independence of space"

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Cook, Danielle N. "Public space and nation| Constructing national culture after independence." Thesis, California State University, Long Beach, 2014. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=1527908.

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In this thesis, I use the cities of Yamoussoukro, Cote d'Ivoire; Phnom Penh, Cambodia; and Montreal, Canada as case studies to analyze the connection between architecture, nationalism, and the influence of colonialism. Each of these cities was directly influenced by French urban development as these cities were reshaped in order to change the people, history, or culture of specific geographies. As these countries gained independence from France they used architecture as a way to express national identity to local populations in order to collectivize them, as well as a way to express this "unified" identity to the international community. This is rooted in the urban policies of the European colonizers which focused on teaching indigenous populations European morality, aesthetics, and rational use of space, but also in the creation of maps, drawings, and other material to express the colonial identity of these territories.

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Bakewell, Adam. "An operational theory of relative space efficiency." Thesis, University of York, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.247758.

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Smith, Daniel Elias. "Relative pitch: encouraging performance in public space." Kansas State University, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/8705.

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Master of Landscape Architecture
Department of Landscape Architecture/Regional and Community Planning
Laurence A. Clement
Street musicians and performers attract people to public spaces. These performers, or ‘buskers’ as they are commonly referred, typically congregate along specific streets, parks, plazas, and transit stops in a city. The term pitch describes the place buskers perform. Pedestrian flow, visibility, and acoustics are just some of the factors that street performers consider when selecting a pitch. While performers resourcefully adapt to the challenges of different pitches, public spaces often do little to accommodate performers and their audiences. William Whyte observed how street performances facilitate social interactions between strangers and give character to cities and neighborhoods. Relative Pitch explores where performances occur and how they benefit public places. Case studies of popular busking locations establish a typology of squares, streets, and transit stops. Video clip analysis of street performances demonstrates the spatial relations between performer and audience. Dimensions and observations from these case studies provided insight and information for the application of the typology to proposed sites in Wichita, Kansas. Buskers adapt pitches relative to their physical environment. Point, linear, planar, and volumetric elements define and articulate temporary stages, audience space, and circulation paths during performances. Design proposals for the typology sites in Wichita illustrate how flexible performance spaces can be incorporated in squares, streets, and transit stops. This project looks at ways to activate public spaces by encouraging street performance.
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Chiang, Ming Shun. "Jostling for space : church and state in Singapore since independence." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2015. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.709065.

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Preston, Robert. "It´s All Relative: Time and Space in Nabokov´s Lolita." Thesis, Högskolan i Halmstad, Sektionen för humaniora (HUM), 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hh:diva-23349.

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This essay offers a deconstructive approach to Nabokov´s Lolita. Critics have tended to treat space and time as distinct concepts in the novel: choosing to analyse the role of either one or the other, and even when considering both, examining them in isolation. It´s narrator, Humbert Humbert, however, implies that "time" and "spatial" terms are interchangeable in a way reminiscent of Einstein´s Theory of Relativity in which space-time is a continuum that is experienced relative to the individual observer´s own position in the universe. This essay therefore explores the possibility that Nabokov may have used Einstein´s concept of space-time relativity as a metaphor in Lolita. The essay looks first at the various ways in which the idea of relativity surfaces throughout the novel not just in relation to space and time, but also in its moral, cultural and historic forms. The roles of the Hour Glass Lake, Lolita´s sunglasses and Humbert´s car, three of the novel´s chief symbols, are then discussed in relation to its key elements: the notion of time dilation, the place of the observer and Humbert´s space-time bubble. It next concentrates on how the characters in the novel exemplify the roles of both observer and observed in a modern, self-centred and morally relativistic world. The final section argues that Humbert’s "madness" represents the most extreme consequence of his living in his own solipsistic bubble of space-time, or "dream vacuum" as he calls it.
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Glyn, Aneirin. "Relative properties, and near metric properties of a function space." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.249394.

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Olsen, Carrie Dumas. "Characterization of the relative motion of rendezvous between vehicles in proximate, highly elliptic orbits /." Full text (PDF) from UMI/Dissertation Abstracts International, 2001. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/utexas/fullcit?p3008410.

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Paterson, Ian R. "Encoding of relative location of intensity changes in human spatial vision." Thesis, University of St Andrews, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/14594.

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The psychophysical experiments and numerical modelling reported in the present study are an investigation into the encoding of relative location of intensity changes in the human visual system. The study attempted, successfully, to explain some geometric illusions resulting from closely spaced image features ('crowding'), and determined the nature of information necessary for making judgments about the separation of intensity changes for different stimulus configurations. Experiments performed fell into two basic categories; those concerned with spatial interference, and studies of spatial interval judgments. The first set of experiments, studying spatial interference with relative localisation for intensity changes, was based on measurements made with stimuli composed of lowpass filtered bars and edges. The most successful model, which accounted for all of the data, was Watt and Morgan's (1984, 1985) MIRAGE; the results suggest that a good explanation of some geometric illusions can be derived using the principles of low-level vision. Spatial interference is strong evidence for combination of information across spatial scales, and the MIRAGE algorithm makes some highly accurate predictions. Relating the separation of image features is a fundamental task for the visual system, but there is no clear understanding of what information the system has available to perform this task. The second set of experiments explored the perception of separation, and precision of judgments of separation, for bars with a variety of orthoaxial contrast profiles. The data indicate that information is combined across spatial scales (as in MIRAGE) under certain circumstances in making separation judgments; this combination of information across scale occurs when the information on the scales combined is in agreement (ie. all scales have some task-related information), but when variance is added on coarser scales which is not relevant to the task, the system is capable of selecting the finest scales of filters available, and using only the information in the finest scale. This adaptive scale-selection process operates even at very brief exposure durations.
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Yilmaz, Özgün. "Infrared based monocular relative navigation for active debris removal." Thesis, Cranfield University, 2018. http://dspace.lib.cranfield.ac.uk/handle/1826/13727.

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In space, visual based relative navigation systems suffer from the harsh illumination conditions of the target (e.g. eclipse conditions, solar glare, etc.). In current Rendezvous and Docking (RvD) missions, most of these issues are addressed by advanced mission planning techniques (e.g strict manoeuvre timings). However, such planning would not always be feasible for Active Debris Removal (ADR) missions which have more unknowns. Fortunately, thermal infrared technology can operate under any lighting conditions and therefore has the potential to be exploited in the ADR scenario. In this context, this study investigates the benefits and the challenges of infrared based relative navigation. The infrared environment of ADR is very much different to that of terrestrial applications. This study proposes a methodology of modelling this environment in a computationally cost effective way to create a simulation environment in which the navigation solution can be tested. Through an intelligent classification of possible target surface coatings, the study is generalised to simulate the thermal environment of space debris in different orbit profiles. Through modelling various scenarios, the study also discusses the possible challenges of the infrared technology. In laboratory conditions, providing the thermal-vacuum environment of ADR, these theoretical findings were replicated. By use of this novel space debris set-up, the study investigates the behaviour of infrared cues extracted by different techniques and identifies the issue of short-lifespan features in the ADR scenarios. Based on these findings, the study suggests two different relative navigation methods based on the degree of target cooperativeness: partially cooperative targets, and uncooperative targets. Both algorithms provide the navigation solution with respect to an online reconstruction of the target. The method for partially cooperative targets provides a solution for smooth trajectories by exploiting the subsequent image tracks of features extracted from the first frame. The second algorithm is for uncooperative targets and exploits the target motion (e.g. tumbling) by formulating the problem in terms of a static target and a moving map (i.e. target structure) within a filtering framework. The optical flow information is related to the target motion derivatives and the target structure. A novel technique that uses the quality of the infrared cues to improve the algorithm performance is introduced. The problem of short measurement duration due to target tumbling motion is addressed by an innovative smart initialisation procedure. Both navigation solutions were tested in a number of different scenarios by using computer simulations and a specific laboratory set-up with real infrared camera. It is shown that these methods can perform well as the infrared-based navigation solutions using monocular cameras where knowledge relating to the infrared appearance of the target is limited.
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Halcrow, Jonathan. "Charting the State Space of Plane Couette Flow: Equilibria, Relative Equilibria, and Heteroclinic Connections." Diss., Atlanta, Ga. : Georgia Institute of Technology, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/24724.

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Thesis (Ph.D.)--Physics, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2009.
Committee Chair: Cvitanovic, Predrag; Committee Member: Bracco, Annalisa; Committee Member: Dieci, Luca; Committee Member: Goldman, Daniel; Committee Member: Grigoriev, Roman
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Books on the topic "The relative independence of space"

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Eurasia rising: Democracy and independence in the post-Soviet space. Westport, Conn: Praeger Security International, 2008.

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Kroes, Remco. Precise relative positioning of formation flying spacecraft using GPS. Delft: NCG, Nederlandse Commissie voor Geodesie, 2006.

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Little, David. Sino-Tibetan coexistence: Creating space for Tibetan self-direction : a conference report. Washington, D.C: U.S. Institute of Peace, 1994.

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David, Little. Sino-Tibetan coexistence: Creating space for Tibetan self-direction : a conference report. Washington, D.C: U.S. Institute of Peace, 1994.

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David, Little. Sino-Tibetan coexistence: Creating space for Tibetan self-direction : a conference report. Washington, D.C: U.S. Institute of Peace, 1994.

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David, Little. Sino-Tibetan coexistence: Creating space for Tibetan self-direction : a conference report. Washington, D.C: U.S. Institute of Peace, 1994.

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David, Little. Sino-Tibetan coexistence: Creating space for Tibetan self-direction : a conference report. Washington, D.C: U.S. Institute of Peace, 1994.

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David, Little. Sino-Tibetan coexistence: Creating space for Tibetan self-direction : a conference report. Washington, D.C: U.S. Institute of Peace, 1994.

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Jane, Adams. Boundary Issues: Using Boundary Intelligence to Get the Intimacy You Want and the Independence You Need in Life, Love, and Work. Hoboken: John Wiley & Sons, 2005.

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Relative clauses in time and space: A case study in the methods of diachronic typology. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Pub. Co., 2012.

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Book chapters on the topic "The relative independence of space"

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Diescho, Joseph B. "Namibia: Reflections on Relative Independence." In Toward Peace and Security in Southern Africa, 171–85. London: Routledge, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315075013-15.

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Bahr, Benjamin, Boris Lemmer, and Rina Piccolo. "Relative Space and Time." In Quirky Quarks, 116–19. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-49509-4_28.

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Horri, Nadjim, and Phil Palmer. "Relative Navigation." In Distributed Space Missions for Earth System Monitoring, 331–44. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-4541-8_9.

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Hale, Beatrice, Patrick Barrett, and Robin Gauld. "Space and Liminality." In The Age of Supported Independence, 29–43. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-90-481-8814-7_3.

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D’Errico, Marco, and Giancarmine Fasano. "Relative Trajectory Design." In Distributed Space Missions for Earth System Monitoring, 125–62. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-4541-8_3.

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Reshetnyak, Yu G. "On functional classes invariant relative to homotheties." In Quasiconformal Space Mappings, 80–92. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bfb0094239.

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Montenbruck, Oliver, and Simone D’Amico. "GPS Based Relative Navigation." In Distributed Space Missions for Earth System Monitoring, 185–223. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-4541-8_5.

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Accardo, Domenico, Giancarmine Fasano, and Michele Grassi. "Vision Based Relative Navigation." In Distributed Space Missions for Earth System Monitoring, 267–305. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-4541-8_7.

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Turvey, Ralph. "The Relative Price of Urban Space." In Demand and Supply, 121–27. London: Routledge, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003283225-10.

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Maessen, D., E. Gill, T. Grelier, and M. Delpech. "Radio Frequency-Based Relative Navigation." In Distributed Space Missions for Earth System Monitoring, 225–66. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-4541-8_6.

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Conference papers on the topic "The relative independence of space"

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Hapuarachchi, H. N. M., and K. Udayangani. "Suitability of alternative dispute resolution methods based on risk factors to the Sri Lankan construction industry." In Independence and interdependence of sustainable spaces. Faculty of Architecture Research Unit, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.31705/faru.2022.11.

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Disputes in construction projects always used to resolve in litigation, where nowadays parties use new innovative dispute resolution methods known as Alternative Dispute Resolution(ADR)s. Many ADR-related studies in the local context are relevant to its applicability, enforceability, and effectiveness, whereas less studies exist on the choice of ADR method(s). Further, the literature proves risk in construction projects can be used as a criterion to select ADR methods, where studies are very less. Followingly, this study focused on developing a matrix based on risk factors in the construction industry for the choice of ADR method(s) under mixed research approach. The literature survey explored ADR method(s) and risk factors. Expert interviews were executed with five experts to filter the risk factors under the choice of ADR method(s) where 10 out of 15 risk factors were chosen as applicable for the study. Then, a structured questionnaire was designed with expert interview findings and distributed among 40 experts, where 34 responses were received. The responses were analyzed through Relative Importance Index technique. Thus, ADR methods were ranked against risk factors based on RII values and developed the matrix. The result proves negotiation is the best ADR method where conciliation, mediation, dispute adjudication and arbitration are suitable respectively.
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De Silva, G. G. S., and A. A. Hettiarachchi. "FACTORS AFFECTING THE PERCEPTION OF PHOTOGENIC QUALITY IN PUBLIC SPACES; Insights from Arcade Independence Square, Colombo." In Beyond sustainability reflections across spaces. Faculty of Architecture Research Unit, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.31705/faru.2021.7.

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Photography having one less dimension than Architecture, is one of the main elements of modern-day public user. With the growth of social media, the influence of media on the daily tasks of the average user has increased exponentially in the last decade. This study analysed the perception of public spaces in this new context of photography and social media, in relation to the photogenic quality of a space. The identification of reasons behind the perception of photogenic quality in public places would help both the designers and the government administration to create better public spaces. The study was executed with reference to three selected spaces of the Arcade Independence Square in Colombo considering 3 user groups ( n=94 ) selected based on their knowledge base namely; architecture, photography and a neutral group from general public adopting an online questionnaire survey. The findings identified visual elements of the space/composition as the significant reason behind the perception of the photogenic quality of a space followed by cultural influence and social media.
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Zhou, Chunlai, Biao Qin, and Xiaoyong Du. "A Savage-style Utility Theory for Belief Functions." In Twenty-Seventh International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence {IJCAI-18}. California: International Joint Conferences on Artificial Intelligence Organization, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.24963/ijcai.2018/712.

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In this paper, we provide an axiomatic justification for decision making with belief functions by studying the belief-function counterpart of Savage's Theorem where the state space is finite and the consequence set is a continuum [l, M] (l<M). We propose six axioms for a preference relation over acts, and then show that this axiomatization admits a definition of qualitative belief functions comparing preferences over events that guarantees the existence of a belief function on the state space. The key axioms are uniformity and an analogue of the independence axiom. The uniformity axiom is used to ensure that all acts with the same maximal and minimal consequences must be equivalent. And our independence axiom shows the existence of a utility function and implies the uniqueness of the belief function on the state space. Moreover, we prove without the independence axiom the neutrality theorem that two acts are indifferent whenever they generate the same belief functions over consequences. At the end of the paper, we compare our approach with other related decision theories for belief functions.
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Ribarov, Lubomir A., and David S. Liscinsky. "Microgrid Viability for Small-Scale Cooling, Heating, and Power." In ASME 2005 Power Conference. ASMEDC, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pwr2005-50045.

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Cooling, Heating, and Power (CHP) energy systems provide higher fuel efficiency than conventional systems, resulting in reduced emissions and other environmental benefits. Until recently the focus of CHP system development has been primarily on medium-scale commercial applications in a limited number of market segments where clear value propositions lead to short term payback. Small-scale integrated CHP systems that show promise of achieving economic viability through significant improvements in fuel utilization have received increased attention lately. In this paper the economic potential is quantified for small-scale (micro-grid) integrated CHP systems suitable for groups of buildings with aggregate electric loads in the 15 kW–120 kW range. Technologies are evaluated for community building groups (CBGs) consisting of aggregation of pure residential entities and combined residential and light commercial entities. Emphasis is on determination of the minimum load size (i.e. the smallest electric and thermal load for a given CBG that is supplied with electric, heating, cooling power from a CHP) for which a micro-grid CHP system is both technically and economically viable. In this paper, the operation of the CHP system is parallel with the public utility grid at all times, i.e. the grid is interconnected. Evaluations of CHP technology options using simulation studies in a “three-dimensional” space (CHP technology option, CBG load aggregation, and geographical location in the USA) were evaluated based on comparisons of net present value (NPV). The simulations indicated that as electric load increases, the viability of the CHP system (independent of the system’s size) becomes more favorable. Exceeding a system runtime (utilization) of 70% was shown to pass the break-even line in the NPV analysis. Finally, geographic location was found to have a relatively weak effect on the reported trends. These results suggest that micro grid CHP systems have the potential to be economically viable with relative independence of geographic location if adequately sized to match the load requirements.
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Pesoa Marcilla, Melisa. "La plaza republicana como escenario de cambio social: la conformación del espacio cívico en las ciudades de nueva fundación del siglo XIX en la provincia de Buenos Aires." In Seminario Internacional de Investigación en Urbanismo. Barcelona: Instituto de Arte Americano. Universidad de Buenos Aires, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.5821/siiu.5871.

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Tras la Independencia de Argentina, tiene lugar la ocupación del interior de la provincia de Buenos Aires mediante la fundación sistemática de poblaciones. Estas poblaciones tienen un elemento fundamental, la plaza central, que con una importante influencia de la tradición colonial, es sin embargo un claro exponente de la modernización urbana que se está llevando a cabo en el siglo XIX en el país. Este artículo pretende analizar la distribución, forma y estructura de estas plazas, sobre la base del análisis de casos, que permitirán observar el significado singular de este espacio, no sólo por su ubicación central en el trazado y su composición, sino fundamentalmente porque representan el proceso de modernización de una sociedad dirigido por el estado, frente al mundo colonial. Esto se manifiesta en la concentración de nuevas funciones alrededor de dicha plaza. After de Argentine Independence, the occupation of the Buenos Aires Province took place, with a strong strategy of settling new towns. In these new towns their central squares play a fundamental role. This space shows an evident relation with the Hispanic tradition, is however a clear example of the urban modernization that is happening in the 19th century in Argentina. This article attempts to analyse the distribution and form of these squares, with a series of case studies, that will lead us to see the singular meaning of these spaces, not only due to its urban central location and its composition, but fundamentally because they represent the modernisation process of the society driven by the state against the colonial tradition, with the institutions and functions that surround the central square.
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Serban, Radu, and Edward J. Haug. "Globally Independent Coordinates for Real-Time Vehicle System Simulation." In ASME 1998 Design Engineering Technical Conferences. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc98/dac-5587.

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Abstract Models of the dynamics of multibody systems generally result in a set of differential–algebraic equations (DAE). State–space methods for solving the DAE of motion are based on reduction of the DAE to ordinary differential equations (ODE), by means of local parameterizations of the constraint manifold that must be often modified during a simulation. In this paper it is shown that, for vehicle multibody systems, generalized coordinates that are dual to suspension and/or control forces in the model are independent for the entire range of motion of the system. In addition to the immediate advantage of avoiding the computationally expensive redefinition of local parameterization, the existence of globally independent coordinates leads to efficient algorithms for recovery of dependent generalized coordinates. A topology based approach to identify efficient computational sequences is presented. Numerical examples demonstrate the improved performance of the proposed approach, relative to the conventional Cartesian coordinate formulation.
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GRAETCH, J., and W. UNTERBERG. "Fluid independence of the Space Station." In Space Station in the 21st Century. Reston, Virigina: American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/6.1986-2309.

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MacLean, John R., An Huynh, and Leslie J. Quiocho. "Investigation of Boundary Conditions for Flexible Multibody Spacecraft Dynamics." In ASME 2007 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2007-35511.

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In support of both the Space Shuttle and International Space Station programs, a set of generic multibody dynamics algorithms integrated within the Trick Simulation Environment have addressed a variety of on-orbit manipulator simulation requirements for engineering analysis, procedures development and crew familiarization/training at the NASA Johnson Space Center (JSC). Enhancements to these dynamics algorithms are now being driven by a new set of Constellation program requirements for flexible multibody spacecraft simulation. One particular issue that has been discussed within the NASA community is the assumption of cantilever-type flexible body boundary conditions. This assumption has been commonly utilized within manipulator multibody dynamics formulations as it simplifies the computation of relative motion for articulated flexible topologies. Moreover, its use for modeling of space-based manipulators such as the Shuttle Remote Manipulator System (SRMS) and Space Station Remote Manipulator System (SSRMS) has been extensively validated against flight data. For more general flexible spacecraft applications, however, the assumption of cantilever-type boundary conditions may not be sufficient. This paper describes the boundary condition assumptions that were used in the original formulation, demonstrates that these equations can be augmented to accommodate systems in which the assumption of cantilever boundary conditions no longer applies, and verifies the approach through comparison with an independent model previously validated against experimental hardware test data from a spacecraft flexible dynamics emulator.
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Briones, Alejandro M., Markus P. Rumpfkeil, Nathan R. Thomas, and Brent A. Rankin. "Effect of Deterministic and Continuous Design Space Resolution on Multiple-Objective Combustor Optimization." In ASME Turbo Expo 2019: Turbomachinery Technical Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2019-91388.

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Abstract A supervised machine learning technique namely an Adaptive Multiple Objective (AMO) optimization algorithm is used to divide a continuous and deterministic design space into non-dominated Pareto frontier and dominated design points. The effect of the initial training data quantity, i.e., computational fluid dynamics (CFD) results, on the Pareto frontier and output parameter sensitivity is explored. The optimization study is performed on a subsonic small-scale cavity-stabilized combustor. A parametric geometry is created using CAD that is coupled with a meshing software. The latter automatically transfers meshes and boundary conditions to the solver, which is coupled with a post-processing tool. Steady, incompressible three-dimensional simulations are performed using a multi-phase realizable k-ε Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) approach with an adiabatic flamelet progress variable (FPV). Scalable wall functions are used for modeling turbulence near the wall. For each CFD simulation four levels of adaptive mesh refinement (AMR) are utilized on the original cut-cell grid. The mesh is refined where the flow exhibits large progress variable curvature. There are fifteen geometrical input parameters and three output parameters, viz., a pattern factor proxy (maximum exit temperature), a combustion efficiency proxy (averaged exit temperature), and total pressure loss (TPL). The Pareto frontier and the input-to-output parameter sensitivities are reported for each meta-model simulation. For the investigated design space, three times the number of input parameters plus one (48) yields an optimization independent of the initial sampling. This conclusion is drawn by comparing the Pareto frontiers and global sensitivities. However, the latter provides a better metric. The relative influence of the input parameters on the outputs is assessed by using both a Spearman’s order-rank correlation approach as well as an active subspace analysis. In general, non-dominated design points exhibit persistent geometrical features such as offset opposed cavity forward and aft driver jet alignment. Larger cavities necessitate larger chutes and smaller outer liner jet diameters, whereas smaller cavities require smaller chutes and larger outer liner jet diameters. The fuel injector radial location varies, but can be located either radially inward or outward with respect to the forward dilution jet radial locations. For these non-dominated designs there is substantial burning inside and outside of the cavity. The downstream dilution jets quench the upstream hot gases.
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Tu, Q., and J. Rastegar. "On the Inherent Characteristics of the Dynamics of Robot Manipulators." In ASME 1991 Design Technical Conferences. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc1991-0217.

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Abstract The inherent characteristics of the (nonlinear) dynamics of robot manipulators are studied. The study is based on a new method, referred to as the trajectory pattern method. The inverse dynamics models of the manipulator are divided into classes of inverse dynamics models, each corresponding to a different trajectory pattern. For each trajectory pattern, the structure of the resulting inverse dynamics model is fixed and is used to study the characteristics of the dynamics of the manipulator by examining the harmonic content of the required actuation torques (forces) and the relative significance of each harmonic. The harmonic content of the actuating torques is shown to be a function of the path length in the joint coordinate space and the harmonic content of the selected trajectory pattern, but is independent of the number of degrees-of-freedom of the manipulator. The relative contribution of each harmonic is a function of the path length, direction of motion, the position of the path of motion within the workspace of the manipulator, and the magnitude of the fundamental frequency. The study provides a systematic approach to path and trajectory planning from the vibration control point of view. As an example, the characteristics of the dynamics of a spatial 3R manipulator is studied for motions with two different path lengths, starting from a specified point and extending in different directions.
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Reports on the topic "The relative independence of space"

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Camenzind, Lauren, Molly Kafader, Rachel Schwam, Mikayla Taylor, Zoie Wilkes, and Madison Williams. Space Retrieval Training for Memory Enhancement in Adults with Dementia. University of Tennessee Health Science Center, May 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21007/chp.mot2.2021.0013.

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The final portfolio contains 8 research articles from national and international journals. Study designs include one systematic review, one randomized control trial with pretest-posttest design, three small-scale randomized control trials, one quasi-experimental study with no control, one time-series study, and one case study. All studies relate directly to components of the evidence-based practice question and will be used to draft new recommendations for implementation regarding spaced retrieval training for memory enhancement in adults with dementia. Seven out of the eight articles looked at the effects of SR techniques on functional tasks. Articles looked at eating difficulty (1), independent use of walkers (1), iADL function (3), use of technology (1), and ADL function (1). One out of eight articles looked at benefits of spaced retrieval techniques on episodic memory, which is not necessarily a functional task, but is needed to perform functional tasks.
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ANANTATMULA, R., G. DUNCAN, and OGDEN. ENGINEERING EVALUATION OF DOUBLE SHELL TANK (DST) VAPOR SPACE CONDENSATION & ANNULUS RELATIVE HUMIDITY. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), June 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/812322.

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Schlueter, E. M., N. G. W. Cook, P. A. Witherspoon, and L. R. Myer. Relative permeability and the microscopic distribution of wetting and nonwetting phases in the pore space of Berea sandstone. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), April 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/10146781.

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Sergeyev, Mykola. Ukrainian National Idea in the Modern Ukrainian Media Space. Ivan Franko National University of Lviv, February 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.30970/vjo.2022.51.11407.

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M. Sergeyev’s article “Ukrainian National Idea in the Modern Ukrainian Media Space” states that modern Ukrainian philosophical thought tries to get rid of the flaws and stereotypes of its one-sided orientation “to the East” and tries to establish a European orientation in the minds of Ukrainian citizens. The theoretical proof of the new worldview took place throughout the formation of the Ukrainian state from Little Russia to Ukraine and presents its actual struggle for independence. It is an integral concept that reflects the process of forming theories and views of prominent Ukrainian thinkers on the place and role of Ukrainians in the becoming and development of an independent Ukrainian state. As O. Zabuzhko emphasizes, “all Ukrainian philosophical, historical, sociological thought of the past and our centuries (including the diaspora) is permeated with the sacred idea of nationalism”. The author concludes that the logic of the historical development of the Ukrainian national idea reveals only one model of its socio-political future, which implies the need for Ukraine’s integration into the European and world community. This path requires the moral and political readiness of the entire Ukrainian society for its implementation and prevents the emergence of any other - alternative ideas. Solving this problem is complicated by the need to return to Ukraine the temporarily occupied territories of Crimea, Luhansk and Donetsk regions. Of course, this model will lead to significant political and economic tensions in society (the final severance of economic relations with Russia, the closure of non-competitive industries, the outflow of labor to the west). At the same time, the orientation of the Ukrainian national idea to the west will increase competition in all branches of production and will be a condition for further self-improvement of Ukrainian society.
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Hrytsenko, Olena. Sociocultural and informational and communication transformations of a new type of society (problems of preserving national identity and national media space). Ivan Franko National University of Lviv, February 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.30970/vjo.2022.51.11406.

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The problems of the correlation of cosmopolitan and national identities are too complex to be unambiguous assessment, let alone alternative values (related to the ecological paradigm and the spiritual traditions of other cultures). However, it is obvious that without preserving the national identity, the integrity and independence of the national state becomes problematic. On the other hand, without taking into account the consequences of information wars and aggressive cosmopolitan tendencies of global media culture, there is a threat of losing the national information space and displacing it to the periphery of socio-political and economic life in Ukraine and in the modern world. In the process of working on research issues, the author of the article came out on the principles of objectivity, systematic and determinism, which in combination of their observance made it possible to determine the influence of the post-industrial information society on the formation of a new type of mass consciousness. As a result of the influence of globalization processes, there was a filling of the domestic information space with a supernational mass culture of entertainment, which in most cases leads to the spread of a primitive world outlook based on the ideology of consumption society, without leaving places to preserve sociocultural traditions and national identity. Therefore, given the problems of preserving national identity, it is necessary should be mentioned the information security of the state, which occupies one of the most important places, among various aspects of information security, since the unresolved problem of protection of the national information space significantly complicates the processes of formation of national identity.
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Snyder, Victor A., Dani Or, Amos Hadas, and S. Assouline. Characterization of Post-Tillage Soil Fragmentation and Rejoining Affecting Soil Pore Space Evolution and Transport Properties. United States Department of Agriculture, April 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2002.7580670.bard.

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Tillage modifies soil structure, altering conditions for plant growth and transport processes through the soil. However, the resulting loose structure is unstable and susceptible to collapse due to aggregate fragmentation during wetting and drying cycles, and coalescense of moist aggregates by internal capillary forces and external compactive stresses. Presently, limited understanding of these complex processes often leads to consideration of the soil plow layer as a static porous medium. With the purpose of filling some of this knowledge gap, the objectives of this Project were to: 1) Identify and quantify the major factors causing breakdown of primary soil fragments produced by tillage into smaller secondary fragments; 2) Identify and quantify the. physical processes involved in the coalescence of primary and secondary fragments and surfaces of weakness; 3) Measure temporal changes in pore-size distributions and hydraulic properties of reconstructed aggregate beds as a function of specified initial conditions and wetting/drying events; and 4) Construct a process-based model of post-tillage changes in soil structural and hydraulic properties of the plow layer and validate it against field experiments. A dynamic theory of capillary-driven plastic deformation of adjoining aggregates was developed, where instantaneous rate of change in geometry of aggregates and inter-aggregate pores was related to current geometry of the solid-gas-liquid system and measured soil rheological functions. The theory and supporting data showed that consolidation of aggregate beds is largely an event-driven process, restricted to a fairly narrow range of soil water contents where capillary suction is great enough to generate coalescence but where soil mechanical strength is still low enough to allow plastic deforn1ation of aggregates. The theory was also used to explain effects of transient external loading on compaction of aggregate beds. A stochastic forInalism was developed for modeling soil pore space evolution, based on the Fokker Planck equation (FPE). Analytical solutions for the FPE were developed, with parameters which can be measured empirically or related to the mechanistic aggregate deformation model. Pre-existing results from field experiments were used to illustrate how the FPE formalism can be applied to field data. Fragmentation of soil clods after tillage was observed to be an event-driven (as opposed to continuous) process that occurred only during wetting, and only as clods approached the saturation point. The major mechanism of fragmentation of large aggregates seemed to be differential soil swelling behind the wetting front. Aggregate "explosion" due to air entrapment seemed limited to small aggregates wetted simultaneously over their entire surface. Breakdown of large aggregates from 11 clay soils during successive wetting and drying cycles produced fragment size distributions which differed primarily by a scale factor l (essentially equivalent to the Van Bavel mean weight diameter), so that evolution of fragment size distributions could be modeled in terms of changes in l. For a given number of wetting and drying cycles, l decreased systematically with increasing plasticity index. When air-dry soil clods were slightly weakened by a single wetting event, and then allowed to "age" for six weeks at constant high water content, drop-shatter resistance in aged relative to non-aged clods was found to increase in proportion to plasticity index. This seemed consistent with the rheological model, which predicts faster plastic coalescence around small voids and sharp cracks (with resulting soil strengthening) in soils with low resistance to plastic yield and flow. A new theory of crack growth in "idealized" elastoplastic materials was formulated, with potential application to soil fracture phenomena. The theory was preliminarily (and successfully) tested using carbon steel, a ductile material which closely approximates ideal elastoplastic behavior, and for which the necessary fracture data existed in the literature.
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Elbaum, Michael, and Peter J. Christie. Type IV Secretion System of Agrobacterium tumefaciens: Components and Structures. United States Department of Agriculture, March 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2013.7699848.bard.

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Objectives: The overall goal of the project was to build an ultrastructural model of the Agrobacterium tumefaciens type IV secretion system (T4SS) based on electron microscopy, genetics, and immunolocalization of its components. There were four original aims: Aim 1: Define the contributions of contact-dependent and -independent plant signals to formation of novel morphological changes at the A. tumefaciens polar membrane. Aim 2: Genetic basis for morphological changes at the A. tumefaciens polar membrane. Aim 3: Immuno-localization of VirB proteins Aim 4: Structural definition of the substrate translocation route. There were no major revisions to the aims, and the work focused on the above questions. Background: Agrobacterium presents a unique example of inter-kingdom gene transfer. The process involves cell to cell transfer of both protein and DNA substrates via a contact-dependent mechanism akin to bacterial conjugation. Transfer is mediated by a T4SS. Intensive study of the Agrobacterium T4SS has made it an archetypal model for the genetics and biochemistry. The channel is assembled from eleven protein components encoded on the B operon in the virulence region of the tumor-inducing plasmid, plus an additional coupling protein, VirD4. During the course of our project two structural studies were published presenting X-ray crystallography and three-dimensional reconstruction from electron microscopy of a core complex of the channel assembled in vitro from homologous proteins of E. coli, representing VirB7, VirB9, and VirB10. Another study was published claiming that the secretion channels in Agrobacterium appear on helical arrays around the membrane perimeter and along the entire length of the bacterium. Helical arrangements in bacterial membranes have since fallen from favor however, and that finding was partially retracted in a second publication. Overall, the localization of the T4SS within the bacterial membranes remains enigmatic in the literature, and we believe that our results from this project make a significant advance. Summary of achievements : We found that polar inflations and other membrane disturbances relate to the activation conditions rather than to virulence protein expression. Activation requires low pH and nutrient-poor medium. These stress conditions are also reflected in DNA condensation to varying degrees. Nonetheless, they must be considered in modeling the T4SS as they represent the relevant conditions for its expression and activity. We identified the T4SS core component VirB7 at native expression levels using state of the art super-resolution light microscopy. This marker of the secretion system was found almost exclusively at the cell poles, and typically one pole. Immuno-electron microscopy identified the protein at the inner membrane, rather than at bridges across the inner and outer membranes. This suggests a rare or transient assembly of the secretion-competent channel, or alternatively a two-step secretion involving an intermediate step in the periplasmic space. We followed the expression of the major secreted effector, VirE2. This is a single-stranded DNA binding protein that forms a capsid around the transferred oligonucleotide, adapting the bacterial conjugation to the eukaryotic host. We found that over-expressed VirE2 forms filamentous complexes in the bacterial cytoplasm that could be observed both by conventional fluorescence microscopy and by correlative electron cryo-tomography. Using a non-retentive mutant we observed secretion of VirE2 from bacterial poles. We labeled the secreted substrates in vivo in order detect their secretion and appearance in the plant cells. However the low transfer efficiency and significant background signal have so far hampered this approach.
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Nolan, Brian, Brenda Gannon, Richard Layte, Dorothy Watson, Christopher T. Whelan, and James Williams. Monitoring Poverty Trends in Ireland: Results from the 2000 Living in Ireland survey. ESRI, July 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.26504/prs45.

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This study is the latest in a series monitoring the evolution of poverty, based on data gathered by The ESRI in the Living in Ireland Surveys since 1994. These have allowed progress towards achieving the targets set out in the National Anti Poverty Strategy since 1997 to be assessed. The present study provides an updated picture using results from the 2000 round of the Living in Ireland survey. The numbers interviewed in the 2000 Living in Ireland survey were enhanced substantially, to compensate for attrition in the panel survey since it commenced in 1994. Individual interviews were conducted with 8,056 respondents. Relative income poverty lines do not on their own provide a satisfactory measure of exclusion due to lack of resources, but do nonetheless produce important key indicators of medium to long-term background trends. The numbers falling below relative income poverty lines were most often higher in 2000 than in 1997 or 1994. The income gap for those falling below these thresholds also increased. By contrast, the percentage of persons falling below income lines indexed only to prices (rather than average income) since 1994 or 1997 fell sharply, reflecting the pronounced real income growth throughout the distribution between then and 2000. This contrast points to the fundamental factors at work over this highly unusual period: unemployment fell very sharply and substantial real income growth was seen throughout the distribution, including social welfare payments, but these lagged behind income from work and property so social welfare recipients were more likely to fall below thresholds linked to average income. The study shows an increasing probability of falling below key relative income thresholds for single person households, those affected by illness or disability, and for those who are aged 65 or over - many of whom rely on social welfare support. Those in households where the reference person is unemployed still face a relatively high risk of falling below the income thresholds but continue to decline as a proportion of all those below the lines. Women face a higher risk of falling below those lines than men, but this gap was marked among the elderly. The study shows a marked decline in deprivation levels across different household types. As a result consistent poverty, that is the numbers both below relative income poverty lines and experiencing basic deprivation, also declined sharply. Those living in households comprising one adult with children continue to face a particularly high risk of consistent poverty, followed by those in families with two adults and four or more children. The percentage of adults in households below 70 per cent of median income and experiencing basic deprivation was seen to have fallen from 9 per cent in 1997 to about 4 per cent, while the percentage of children in such households fell from 15 per cent to 8 per cent. Women aged 65 or over faced a significantly higher risk of consistent poverty than men of that age. Up to 2000, the set of eight basic deprivation items included in the measure of consistent poverty were unchanged, so it was important to assess whether they were still capturing what would be widely seen as generalised deprivation. Factor analysis suggested that the structuring of deprivation items into the different dimensions has remained remarkably stable over time. Combining low income with the original set of basic deprivation indicators did still appear to identify a set of households experiencing generalised deprivation as a result of prolonged constraints in terms of command over resources, and distinguished from those experiencing other types of deprivation. However, on its own this does not tell the whole story - like purely relative income measures - nor does it necessarily remain the most appropriate set of indicators looking forward. Finally, it is argued that it would now be appropriate to expand the range of monitoring tools to include alternative poverty measures incorporating income and deprivation. Levels of deprivation for some of the items included in the original basic set were so low by 2000 that further progress will be difficult to capture empirically. This represents a remarkable achievement in a short space of time, but poverty is invariably reconstituted in terms of new and emerging social needs in a context of higher societal living standards and expectations. An alternative set of basic deprivation indicators and measure of consistent poverty is presented, which would be more likely to capture key trends over the next number of years. This has implications for the approach adopted in monitoring the National Anti-Poverty Strategy. Monitoring over the period to 2007 should take a broader focus than the consistent poverty measure as constructed to date, with attention also paid to both relative income and to consistent poverty with the amended set of indicators identified here.
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Halych, Valentyna. SERHII YEFREMOV’S COOPERATION WITH THE WESTERN UKRAINIAN PRESS: MEMORIAL RECEPTION. Ivan Franko National University of Lviv, February 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.30970/vjo.2021.49.11055.

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The subject of the study is the cooperation of S. Efremov with Western Ukrainian periodicals as a page in the history of Ukrainian journalism which covers the relationship of journalists and scientists of Eastern and Western Ukraine at the turn of the XIX-XX centuries. Research methods (biographical, historical, comparative, axiological, statistical, discursive) develop the comprehensive disclosure of the article. As a result of scientific research, the origins of Ukrainocentrism in the personality of S. Efremov were clarified; his person as a public figure, journalist, publisher, literary critic is multifaceted; taking into account the specifics of the memoir genre and with the involvement of the historical context, the turning points in the destiny of the author of memoirs are interpreted, revealing cooperation with Western Ukrainian magazines and newspapers. The publications ‘Zoria’, ‘Narod’, ‘Pravda’, ‘Bukovyna’, ‘Dzvinok’, are secretly got into sub-Russian Ukraine, became for S. Efremov a spiritual basis in understanding the specifics of the national (Ukrainian) mass media, ideas of education in culture of Ukraine at the end of XIX century, its territorial integrity, and state independence. Memoirs of S. Efremov on cooperation with the iconic Galician journals ‘Notes of the Scientific Society after the name Shevchenko’ and ‘Literary-Scientific Bulletin’, testify to an important stage in the formation of the author’s worldview, the expansion of the genre boundaries of his journalism, active development as a literary critic. S. Yefremov collaborated most fruitfully and for a long time with the Literary-Scientific Bulletin, and he was impressed by the democratic position of this publication. The author’s comments reveal a long-running controversy over the publication of a review of the new edition of Kobzar and thematically related discussions around his other literary criticism, in which the talent of the demanding critic was forged. S. Efremov steadfastly defended the main principles of literary criticism: objectivity and freedom of author’s thought. The names of the allies of the Ukrainian idea L. Skochkovskyi, O. Lototskyi, O. Konyskyi, P. Zhytskyi, M. Hrushevskyi in S. Efremov’s memoirs unfold in multifaceted portrait descriptions and function as historical and cultural facts that document the pages of the author’s biography, record his activities in space and time. The results of the study give grounds to characterize S. Efremov as the first professional Ukrainian-speaking journalist.
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Piercey, S. J., and J. L. Pilote. Nd-Hf isotope geochemistry and lithogeochemistry of the Rambler Rhyolite, Ming VMS deposit, Baie Verte Peninsula, Newfoundland: evidence for slab melting and implications for VMS localization. Natural Resources Canada/CMSS/Information Management, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/328988.

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New high precision lithogeochemistry and Nd and Hf isotopic data were collected on felsic rocks of the Rambler Rhyolite formation from the Ming volcanogenic massive sulphide (VMS) deposit, Baie Verte Peninsula, Newfoundland. The Rambler Rhyolite formation consists of intermediate to felsic volcanic and volcaniclastic rocks with U-shaped primitive mantle normalized trace element patterns with negative Nb anomalies, light rare earth element-enrichment (high La/Sm), and distinctively positive Zr and Hf anomalies relative to surrounding middle rare earth elements (high Zr-Hf/Sm). The Rambler Rhyolite samples have epsilon-Ndt = -2.5 to -1.1 and epsilon-Hft = +3.6 to +6.6; depleted mantle model ages are TDM(Nd) = 1.3-1.5 Ga and TDM(Hf) = 0.9-1.1Ga. The decoupling of the Nd and Hf isotopic data is reflected in epsilon-Hft isotopic data that lies above the mantle array in epsilon-Ndt -epsilon-Hft space with positive ?epsilon-Hft values (+2.3 to +6.2). These Hf-Nd isotopic attributes, and high Zr-Hf/Sm and U-shaped trace element patterns, are consistent with these rocks having formed as slab melts, consistent with previous studies. The association of these slab melt rocks with Au-bearing VMS mineralization, and their FI-FII trace element signatures that are similar to rhyolites in Au-rich VMS deposits in other belts (e.g., Abitibi), suggests that assuming that FI-FII felsic rocks are less prospective is invalid and highlights the importance of having an integrated, full understanding of the tectono-magmatic history of a given belt before assigning whether or not it is prospective for VMS mineralization.
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