Journal articles on the topic 'The profit from the main operating activity'
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1
Vlasova, N. O., and T. V. Piatak. "Assessing the Influence of External Environment Factors on the Formation of Financial Results of Industrial Enterprises." Business Inform 4, no. 519 (2021): 235–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.32983/2222-4459-2021-4-235-243.
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The main purpose of the carried out research was identification of the influence of internal environment factors on the formation of financial results of industrial enterprises, quantitative assessment of the strength of their influence, and determination of the most significant factors at the present stage of development of the national economy. The relevance of this applied research is that knowledge about the mechanisms of action of internal factors certainly plays a leading role precisely in terms of the influence of management on the value of financial results of individual enterprises and in achieving the required level of profitability. In the article, a margin analysis is carried out on the example of a logical and statistically substantiated sample of 15 enterprises of the processing industry in the city of Kharkiv for the period 2016-2019, the results of the analysis prove that in modern changing conditions there is no clear correlation between production volumes, profits, and the composition of operating costs. The carried out correlation analysis allowed to trace the closeness of relationship between the functional and the factor variables. The functional group of variables is a system of consistently formed in the financial statements of interrelated indicators of financial results (from gross to net profit) classified as net income. The internal factors are represented by three groups of indicators. The first group includes a system of 10 indicators that characterize the level of costs and other types of income in the net income of enterprises. The second group of indicators characterizes the physical and financial structure of capital, the degree of participation of bank loans in the financing of enterprises. The third group of indicators is related to determining the efficiency of resource use. The results of the carried out research indicate a weak participation of the main operating activity, namely, production activity, in the formation of financial results and net profit, and the main negative role is played by costs from other operational, financial and other types of activity. At this, the efficiency of economic activity practically does not affect the financial results and profitability of various types of activities of enterprises. The need to improve the internal mechanisms for the formation of financial results and increase the level of profitability of industrial enterprises is substantiated.
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Jurša, Aleksejs. "Structural Analysis of Inward Foreign Direct Investment in Latvia." Humanities and Social Sciences: Latvia 29, no. 1 (June 2021): 76–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.22364/hssl.29.1.05.
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The aim of this article is to investigate the activity of foreign direct investors in Latvia and find out what is the main source of financing for foreign investors – new investments or reinvested earnings.In order to achieve the set goal and test the hypothesis, the methodology of Sixth Edition of the International Monetary Fund’s Balance of Payments and International Investment Position Manual was used to define the types of foreign direct investment. This methodology was adapted to Latvian data. At the request of the author, Ltd Lursoft IT selected business data on all registered companies with foreign capital in Latvia since 2005 and aggregate data were used in the analysis.Foreign direct investment in Latvia flows mainly in the form of reinvested earnings, due to the profit earned from operating activities in Latvia. While new investments or greenfield investments in equity is lower compared to the amount of reinvested earnings. The results of the study reflect the business results of foreign direct investors in Latvia, as well as their actions in relation to the earned profit from operating activities. These results could be used by the Ministry of Economics of the Republic of Latvia and the Investment and Development Agency of Latvia to improve Latvia’s investment environment and im¬plement a more effective investment attraction strategy.
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Markina, Iryna, Valeriya Lenʹ, and Vitaly Shapka. "Cost management as a factor for improving enterprise economic security." Actual problems of innovative economy, no. 3 (May 30, 2019): 83–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.36887/2524-0455-2019-3-12.
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Introduction. Modern enterprises operate in conditions of political and economic instability. This requires enterpris-es to build an integrated system for ensuring economic security. In Ukraine, the issue of economic security is relevant. But not fully understood. Need to clarify issues related to improving cost management. This is a factor in improving the econom-ic security of the enterprise. The purpose of the study is the theoretical and practical justification of cost management. Results. One of the the main goal of the enterprise is maximum profit. A factor in the success of enterprises is to re-duce production costs. Business security is a prerequisite for stable sustainable development and effective operation of the enterprise. Economic security depends on many factors: the actions of competitors, unsuccessful state policies, changing market conditions, and crisis phenomena. Object of enterprise security: personnel (managers, structural divisions, share-holders and employees), financial, economic, material and intellectual capital of the enterprise; specifics of activity. The head of the enterprise makes a decision. The decisions concern the price of the product, the amount of expenses. Costs - a decrease in the volume of material assets, cash. Cost management involves functions: forecasting, planning, rationing, organization, calculation, motivation and stimulation, accounting, analysis, regulation and control of expenses. Conclusions. We consider the “Cost-Volume-Profit” (CVP- analysis) analysis to be successful. It allows you to iden-tify changes in costs. The dependence of changes in production volumes and incomes on sales is studied; expenses and net profit. It’s substantiated that cost and profit planning using CVP analysis has limitations. Marginal income (profit) – the difference between sales revenue and variable costs. The higher the marginal income level, the faster fixed costs are reim-bursed. The average marginal income is an “indicator” of the contribution of a unit of production to covering fixed costs. The purpose of break-even analysis (CVP-analysis) is to predict financial results. Break-even analysis of economic activity is an indicator of the brink of effective and inefficient management. The same is the condition for maximizing profits. The main thing is an effective defense mechanism of the enterprise. Provides economic security of the enterprise from the threat of bankruptcy. Keywords: economic security, cost management, profit, costs, cost-volume-profit analysis.
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Сойфер, Татьяна, and Tatyana Soyfyer. "Economic Activity of Non-Commercial Organizations and Its Civil-Law Ensuring." Journal of Russian Law 4, no. 1 (January 25, 2016): 0. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/17228.
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The article is considered some aspects of economic activity of non-commercial organizations. The author notes that updated norms of the Russian Civil code not fully take into account economic principles of operation non-commercial organizations in conditions of market economy. That is why the desired effects from their work in Russia are not received. Particular attention is paid to the analysis of the relationship of legal categories “income-generating activity of non-commercial organizations” and “entrepreneurship activity of non-commercial organizations”. Author came to a conclusion that this categories have various economic essences. The income-generating activity for the non-profit organizations may have different characters, including as the main. Consequently the author indicates the need for a differentiated approach in determining the fundamental possibility and valid frames of implementation the income-generating activity for the non-commercial organizations. The article proposes to distinguish groups of non-profit legal entities and give them any special opportunities in the implementation of income-generating activity. These opportunities depend on the purposes of the organizations and the chosen methods of operation.
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Savenko, V. I., I. S. Nesterenko, S. S. Savenko, and Yu V. Orlik. "Evaluation of business activity of a construction firm." Ways to Improve Construction Efficiency, no. 46 (October 16, 2020): 163–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.32347/2707-501x.2020.46.163-175.
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The assessment of current production activities is carried out on the example of specialized construction and installation management with the help of turnover indicators as well as the level of efficiency of use of own and borrowed funds by the enterprise was determined.
Indicators of this group characterize the results and efficiency of the current main activity of the enterprise, such analysis can be carried out both at the qualitative level and with the help of quantitative criteria.
The main ones are production indicators, return on assets and turnover indicators. These indicators are of great importance for assessing the financial condition of the enterprise, because the speed of turnover, i.e. the speed of their conversion into cash, directly affects the solvency. The results of the calculation of the rate of return indicate that this fact (decrease in the turnover of fixed assets) may be associated with aging and wear of production equipment, i.e. we can say that the technical level of fixed assets of the object is low.
The coefficient of sustainability of economic growth shows the average rate at which the company can develop further, without changing the already established relationship between different sources of funding. Summarizing the comparative data, we can say that if the management of the enterprise intends to increase its production capacity in order to increase production, it is necessary to change the financial policy. The results of calculations allow to show that at the analyzed enterprise there was a significant increase in the full production cycle and turnover as a whole. The duration of the operating cycle increased by more than 1.2 times and the duration of the financial cycle by almost 2 times. This was negatively affected by the factor of a significant slowdown in the turnover of inventories. Increasing the full production cycle in the future may cause negative trends in the enterprise as a whole, because this factor will primarily affect the amount of profit, which will affect the efficiency of production. The company activities to reduce the amount of net profit was influenced primarily by the acquisition of inventories, low-value perishable items and fixed assets, as well as repayment of accounts payable and payment of penalties.
The period of turnover of the most liquid assets during the year varied from 0.04 to 17.5 days. The average chronological value in the period of saving money in the accounts of the enterprise was 7.5 days. This fact indicates that the company, despite the apparent well-being, is experiencing a serious shortage of funds. They were enough for a little over a week. Thus, with the help of analysis of economic indicators, you can describe the general condition of the company and the possibilities of its operation and development
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Gutkevych, Svitlana. "INVESTMENT ATTRACTIVENESS OF INDUSTRIES: FEATURES AND TRENDS." Baltic Journal of Economic Studies 5, no. 3 (August 1, 2019): 50. http://dx.doi.org/10.30525/2256-0742/2019-5-3-50-58.
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The article shows that the investment attractiveness of the branches of the economy depends on the sources of their investment. The purpose. The purpose of the article is to determine the features and trends of investment attractiveness of industries. Results. The volume of budget investments has been reduced, and the state is not the main executor of the investment process and can influence it through the system of taxes, loans, depreciation, privileges, and subsidies. It is determined on the basis of the analysis of sources of investment that self-financing is of paramount importance and the main source of investment is its own resources, first of all, profit. The basic functions that make a profit and the factors affecting it are determined. The considered functions directly result from the development of the enterprise and depend on the adoption of investment decisions. The role of the profit in the adoption of an investment decision depends on its type: short-term expected profit is a complete self-financing, which implies the rapid implementation of investments. Profit is the result of the effective operation of any investment object and the basis for making an investment decision. These functions can be considered as classical interdependent because they find content only in the conditions of their existence and contribute to the development of production. The innovation activity of the enterprise determines its potential market opportunities and attractiveness for the investor, and profit growth is ensured mainly due to: production of new products; development of new markets; growth of labour productivity; use of new raw materials. In economically developed countries, the investment process depends on the impact of market conditions, sources and size of investment financing. Attracting investments in any form contributes to the development of the economy. Value/originality. Profit is considered, firstly, as the profit received as a result of production and sales of products or services; and secondly, income in the form of interest or dividends received from the acquisition/investment of securities. In the course of the study, the motivational content of profit as the main source of investment is considered. International experience shows: the volume of foreign investment entering the country’s economy determines its integration into the world community.
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CANBAZ, Mustafa, and Emre ÇEVİK. "INTEREST-FREE BANKING'S AND CONVENTIONAL BANKING'S ATTITUDES AGAINST FINANCIAL CRISES: THE CASE OF TURKEY." Business & Management Studies: An International Journal 3, no. 1 (July 31, 2015): 88–122. http://dx.doi.org/10.15295/bmij.v3i2.102.
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Following the financial crisis in 2001, Turkish banking sector started a ‘restructuring’ process. This led to recovery of the damage caused by the crisis and, despite the significant decrease in number of the banks, the banking sector gained quite a sound structure. This imrpovement allowed it to remain strong against the global financial crisis that took place after 2007 and caused important progress for many financial indicators, in particular the deposits and loans. Interest- free banking, which has been operating in form of participation bank through the profit and loss sharing system since 2005, become a competitor, in a different aspect, to deposit banks, an important part of the conventional banking. This study compares attitudes of the Participation Banks and the Deposit Banks against their customers before and after the crisis, in light of the financial indicators from the financial statements. The analysis concludes that Particpiation Banksa re significantly different from Deposit Bank in aspect of 'acticity ratios', which are based on the main areas of activity.
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Achmad, Noor, and Suci Angelica. "Analisis Kinerja Perusahaan Sebelum dan Setelah Go Public." Jurnal Ilmiah Manajemen Kesatuan 1, no. 2 (August 24, 2013): 149–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.37641/jimkes.v1i2.262.
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Go public is share offering activity or other effects done by issuers. The problem which will be revealed is whether the company’s performance after becoming public company increases compared with its performance before becoming public company.
The purpose of this study is to analyze whether there is an increase in firm’s performance before and after becoming public company in Indonesia Stock Exchange. In this study the author carried out analysis on the performance of PT Bakrie Telecom Tbk. and PT Mobile-8 Telecom Tbk. The analysis on the issuers was done due to they are included in the companies conducting public offering in 2006 and they form similar companies operating in telecommunication sector. The period studied is 2003 – 2009. The author got data concerning the research object from Money Market Reference Center and by downloading data from situs-IDX. The data obtained are in the form of a brief history of the two companies, the main activities of issuers, financial report in period 2003 – 2009, and stock price data in period 2006 – 2009.
The method used is descriptive method. The research variables examined are firms’ performance before and after go public with indicators: liquidity ratios (current ratio, quick ratio, and cash ratio), debt ratios (debt ratio and debt to equity ratio), activity ratios (total assets turnover, fixed assets turnover, inventory turnover, accounts receivable turnover, working capital turnover, and accounts payable turnover), and profitability ratios (gross profit margin, operating profit margin, return on assets, return on capital employed, and return on equity).
The result obtained from existing data analysis is PT Bakrie Telecom Tbk. and PT Mobile-8 Telecom Tbk. have better performance after go public. The analysis result of the two companies shows that the ratio after go public increases compared with before go public.
Another analysis used is trend analysis. It’s the same with ratio analysis, analysis trend on PT Bakrie Telecom Tbk. shows higher trend if overall percentage compared with PT Mobile-8 Telecom Tbk. It can be concluded that PT Bakrie Telecom Tbk. has better performance than PT Mobile-8 Telecom Tbk.
Keywords:companies’ performance; go public companies
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Voronina, N. A., A. N. Kara, L. V. Syrnikova, and N. Y. Shadchenko. "INSTITUTIONS FOR DEVELOPING ENTREPRENEURIAL ACTIVITY IN THE VOLGA FEDERAL DISTRICT." Scientific Review: Theory and Practice 10, no. 10 (October 30, 2020): 2332–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.35679/2226-0226-2020-10-10-2332-2351.
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The development of an entrepreneurial environment and entrepreneurial initiative is a priority task for the socio-economic development of the country as a whole and its individual regions. Its implementation is possible, among other things, by supporting and developing entrepreneurial initiatives from the state. At the same time, the sustainability of economic growth in individual regions is largely determined by the effectiveness of the implementation of the economic development strategy adopted at the regional level and the practice of activities of economic entities operating on their territory. The article presents the materials of theoretical studies of areas of activity and empirical studies of the results of the activities of federal institutions created to activate innovative processes and implement investment projects in the regions. The presented results of the analysis of the activities of such institutions, expressed in the types and volumes of state support for economic entities, made it possible to identify and formulate the following conclusions: 1) enterprises of the Volga Federal District actively interact with such organizations and institutions as the autonomous non-profit organization Agency for Strategic Initiatives to Promote New Projects, State Corporation Bank for Development and Foreign Economic Affairs (Vnesheconombank), “AO Russian Export Center”, “AO Russian Venture Company”, Industrial Development Fund, Fund for Assistance to Small Innovative Enterprises in Science and Technology, RUSNANO Group; 2) due to active participation in the programs and projects of these organizations, the Volga Federal District is in the group of leaders in terms of the main economic indicators. The practical significance of the obtained research results lies in the formation of an idea of the mechanisms and instruments for the implementation of state support for entrepreneurial initiative, based on the interaction of economic entities with federal development institutions.
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Szűcs, István, László Szántó, and László Szőllősi. "Investment analysis of a piglet producer farm – a Hungarian case study." Applied Studies in Agribusiness and Commerce 14, no. 3-4 (December 31, 2020): 141–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.19041/apstract/2020/2-3/15.
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The pig population in Hungary was about 8 million in 1990, while this number dropped to only 2.8 million by 2018. The previously so successful integrated domestic pig farming has almost completely disappeared and most of the smaller farms still operating in the 1990s are no longer functioning. At present, a process of concentration can be observed, which was accompanied by the further specialization of pig farming. The main profile of most pig farms is fattening, but there is a smaller number of farms in Hungary today specialized for piglet production, the successful operation of which requires significantly more expertise and more complex technology.
The main aim of this study is to present the production and economic indicators of a pig farm specialized in piglet production in Hungary as a result of a greenfield investment in the current economic environment, on a case study basis. For this purpose, an economic simulation was prepared based on primary data collection, operating on a deterministic basis, modelling the production and economic processes of the farm. The performed calculation does not derive the economic indicators of the activity from accounting records, but assigns the prices of natural inputs used on the basis of technological data. Primary data and information collection (e.g. technological data, input and output prices, unit cost items, etc.) took place between 2018-2019.
At the purchase prices of pigs in the last two years, which have increased significantly due to the African Swine Fever (ASF), the majority of pig farms in Hungary have an outstanding profit-making capacity. The physical efficiency indicators of the analysed pig farm are almost identical to the average data of such farms in the Netherlands, which has one of the most developed pig industry. The income of the examined pig farm at farm level is about 734 thousand EUR, i.e. 232 EUR per sow. Moreover, this activity is profitable even without subsidies. As a result, the greenfield investment pays off in the 8th year by default (average scenario). The investment has a Net Present Value (NPVr=3%) of EUR 2,609 thousand for 10 years, an Internal Rate of Return of 8.5%, and a Profitability Index (PIr=3%) of 1.3. At the same time, risk factors such as sales prices, output and capacity utilization, and feed costs should be taken into consideration as in extreme cases the return on investment may be unfavourable (pessimistic scenario).
JEL code: D24, M11, Q12
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Kirillova, Elena Anatolyevna, Varvara Vladimirovna Bogdan, Elena Victorovna Blinkova, Teymur Zulfugarzade, and Kseniya Vasilyevna Yunusova. "The Main Features of the Use of Digital Technologies in the Financial and Banking Sector." Webology 18, Special Issue 04 (September 30, 2021): 1326–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.14704/web/v18si04/web18201.
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The relevance of the research is dictated by the introduction of innovations in banking operations. Classical financial and credit institutions are transformed into high-tech platforms that can create new profit algorithms, using artificial intelligence, Big Data technology, and a global information base. The purpose of this study is to analyze the demand for digital services in the banking sector by customers and to propose criteria for determining the degree of digitalization of banks. The statistical method and the method of evaluating the activities of organizations taking into account the fact of digitalization have been used. To obtain objective results, various tools have been used to analyze the information space of the Internet: tools for analyzing search queries "Google Trends" and "Yandex Wordstat" to determine the relevance of providing digital services to customers. The technical part of the study, which is directly related to obtaining information from the Internet using both software tools and "manually", was conducted in the period from 2016 to 2021. The results of the study show the connection between the introduction of innovations and the reform of the financial and banking sector. The data was collected from 150 respondents who are experts in the implementation of digital technologies – artificial intelligence, Big Data, blockchain in the field of financial activity. A confirmatory analysis has been conducted to assess the reliability and validity of the digital technologies used in the financial and banking sector. The study proposes a method for assessing the degree of digitalization of banks: by the level of automation of the main processes; by the number of services provided online; by the speed of operations; by the availability of online services around the clock; by the range of digital technologies used; by the volume of online sales and the volume of transactions conducted using digital technologies.
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RUDA, Oksana. "BANKING ACTIVITY ON THE UKRAINIAN STOCK MARKET." "EСONOMY. FINANСES. MANAGEMENT: Topical issues of science and practical activity", no. 5 (45) (May 2019): 126–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.37128/2411-4413-2019-5-14.
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The theoretical bases of realization and development of banking activity in the stock market are generalized. The specifics of the operations of commercial banks in the stock market, as well as the directions of their activities, are considered. Banks in the securities market act as issuers, investors, and professional participants. Bank securities transactions in economically developed countries bring over 30% of revenue and are a priority investment destination. In Ukraine, the portfolio of securities generally has a small, compared to lending, share in the assets of the bank. However, the overall dynamics of securities transactions with banks is positive, they are an important component of diversifying the assets of the bank, a way to form own and replenish borrowed capital, a promising direction for the development of banking activities in general. The analysis of operations of banks with securities was carried out. The stock market is an important element of the economy of developed countries and an integral part of the financial market of each country. The stock market serves as a sphere of mobilization of financial capital and becomes of special significance. The feature of the development of stock markets in recent decades is the mechanism of globalization and the growth of various financial instruments and institutions. Due to certain historical and economic circumstances, on the securities market in Ukraine one of the main agents is commercial banks, which are universal enterprises that are able to perform all the variety of financial transactions, including in the stock segment. Securities act as a means to achieve more general objectives of banking. The attempts of banks to expand securities transactions are stimulated, on the one hand, by the high profitability of these operations, on the other hand - a relative reduction in the use of direct bank loans. Therefore, the research of banks activity in the Ukrainian stock market is extremely relevant and needs attention. At the present stage of market transformations in Ukraine, transactions of banks with securities, in comparison with world practice, are carried out at insufficient level. The main subjects of the stock market are its direct participants and institutions that provide operations on it. The first includes investors, brokers, dealers, managers. They are the direct participants of the operations and in most cases are responsible for the decisions made. Banking institutions are leading institutional players in the stock market. The current banking legislation allows domestic commercial banks to carry out a wide range of securities transactions: banks can act as issuers of their own shares, bonds, deposit certificates, bills of exchange and other securities, they can buy securities at their own expense , while pursuing a variety of goals, that is to act as investors. In addition, banks have the right to engage in intermediary transactions with securities, receiving a commission fee for this. The activity of banks in the securities market is that they carry out operations in this market in accordance with the general rules that apply to all participants in the securities market, but they must also adhere to additional rules set by the National Bank of Ukraine. In conducting transactions in financial markets, the bank must build relationships with clients on the principles of integrity, honesty, completeness of disclosure of necessary information, execution of orders of the client exclusively in his interests. By investing in the stock market, banks aim at: - profit from own investments in securities at the expense of interest received by the bank, dividends and growth of exchange rate of securities; - gaining profit from providing services to clients with transactions in securities; - expansion of the sphere of influence of the bank and attraction of new clients due to participation in the capital of enterprises and organizations. The result of the investment operations of the bank is the formation of portfolios of securities of different types. In general, one can speak of a positive trend in the activity of commercial banks in the securities market. Nevertheless, there are certain negative factors that restrain the process of securities transactions by banks, therefore, there is a need to develop ways to overcome them. Since the main problem is the underdevelopment of the stock market itself, the following tasks need to be addressed: increasing capitalization, liquidity and transparency of the stock market; improvement of market infrastructure and ensuring its reliable and efficient functioning; improvement of the mechanisms of state regulation, supervision on the stock market and protection of investors' rights; stimulation of further development of the stock market of Ukraine. In the stock market you can distinguish three conditional trends in the activities of a commercial bank: as an issuer, as an investor and as a professional its participant. An important indicator for the Ukrainian securities market is the achievement of the level of world financial markets, the increase in demand for shares of Ukrainian issuers from foreign funds, as well as the gradual transfer to the stock market of funds from the currency market and the market of bank deposits. The prospect of further research is an analysis of the dynamic characteristics of the banks' activity in the stock market, since the development of securities transactions may become one of the key elements in ensuring the integration of the Ukrainian banking system into the world economic space.
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Huang, Zuqing, Wei Shao, Lijun Meng, Guoqing Zhang, and Qiang (Patrick) Qiang. "Pricing Decision for a Closed-Loop Supply Chain with Technology Licensing under Collection and Remanufacturing Cost Disruptions." Sustainability 14, no. 6 (March 12, 2022): 3354. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14063354.
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Closed-loop supply chain (CLSC) management faces collection and remanufacturing cost disruption challenges. This study explores a CLSC system wherein original equipment manufacturers (OEMs) license the third-party remanufacturer (TPR) to bear the remanufacturing activities and investigate pricing decisions in the CLSC, while considering collection and remanufacturing cost disruptions. To obtain the optimal pricing strategy, we develop game theory models under the disruptions of both centralized and decentralized CLSCs. Based on theoretical and numerical analyses, we obtain the following results: (1) Whether or not disruption events occur, the centralized supply chain can better encourage consumers to participate in the collection of used products than a decentralized supply chain; (2) when collection disruption in a large positive region or the remanufacturing cost disruption in a large negative region occurs, OEM and TPR profits will greatly increase, and the OEM will raise the licensing fee to extract more profit from the remanufacturing activity; (3) a certain robust region exists for the retail price and wholesale price when the supply chain faces disruption increase; (4) when the supply chain faces the disruptions, it has great influence on the OEM’s licensing fee but little on the TPR’s acquisition price. The main contributions of the study include: (1) We considered the impacts of both technology licensing and collection and remanufacturing cost disruption; (2) we developed game theory models to determine the optimal manufacturing and remanufacturing quantities, and pricing strategy under the disruptions; (3) based on theoretical and numerical analyses, we presented some interesting and important insights. The results of this paper could provide useful guidelines for supply chain members on how to effectively control costs to obtain more profit by adjusting prices and selecting a better operation mode for the closed-loop supply chain.
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Oliynyk, Oleksiy, Natalia Sapelnikova, and Oleksiy Tonkikh. "CURRENT MARKET DEVELOPMENT TRENDS HOTEL AND RESTAURANT SERVICES." Actual Problems of Economics 1, no. 236 (February 28, 2021): 40–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.32752/1993-6788-2021-1-236-40-46.
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The article examines the main trends in the development of enterprises in the hotel and restaurant sector, which is promising, brings a fairly high profit and develops rapidly. The reasons for the negative impact on business activity in the hospitality industry are highlighted. The competitive advantages of enterprises in the hospitality market, one of the directions of which is the production of technological innovations, are studied. The quality of service when attracting new and retaining existing customers is analyzed. Problems in the activities of hotel and restaurant enterprises are indicated. The hotel business is one of the most important areas of today's fast-growing economy. The activity and development of the hotel industry is an activity from both an economic and social point of view. The hotel and restaurant business has a high potential for development for the economy as a whole and, in particular, for individual regions related to the maintenance of tourist flows. This business stimulates entrepreneurial activity, creates jobs, increases budget revenues at various levels. The main feature of the demand for hotel services is the response to factors that depend on government policy, the level of competition, technological innovation, social relations, international relations. Rapid changes in the hotel business contribute to the emergence of new impetus to strengthen competitive positions, as the use of reserves alone does not guarantee a stable income, operation and business development. Tracking and implementing modern global business trends improve the quality of services, increase competitiveness, the image of the hotel and restaurant company, which makes it attractive and unique to customers.
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O., Vysochan, and Borshchuk I. "FEATURES OF ACCOUNTING IN PUBLIC ASSOCIATIONS." Scientific Bulletin of Kherson State University. Series Economic Sciences, no. 41 (March 31, 2021): 77–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.32999/ksu2307-8030/2021-41-14.
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The article reveals the peculiarities of accounting in public associations, taking into account the specifics of their operation, in partic-ular in the aspect of standard correspondence of accounts of the main operations of public associations with the status of a legal entity. Emphasis is placed on the use of targeted funding accounts, as well as revenues and expenditures of public associations. The peculiar-ities of the activity of public organizations and public unions as separate organizational and legal forms of public associations are given, taking into account the legal status of their founders and participants. It is established that the main differences of public associations that affect their accounting are: non-profit status – the lack of accounting for the concepts of “profit” and “loss”; non-entrepreneurial activity as a priority – focus on the satisfaction of public interests; voluntary participation – features of accrual and payment of entrance and annual membership fees; lack of property interest from the participants – the passive nature of the account of settlements with creditors; possi-bility of cooperation with international governmental and non-governmental organizations – conducting currency accounting; possibility of formation of separate subdivisions (acquisition of all-Ukrainian status) – keeping records of current internal settlements; the right to financial support from budgets of different levels – the formation of reports on the targeted use of budget funds; the target nature of the disposal of funds and other property – separate accounting of property by sources of income and areas of use; active interaction with public authorities and local governments – the possibility of funding through the Treasury; moderate external control over the activity – evidence of the legitimacy of the transactions. A combined version of the structure of sub-accounts of targeted funding and targeted rev-enues of public associations is proposed, which provides for the opening of analytical accounts of the second and third orders in terms of individual projects and budget items. Typical operations for public associations that determine the specifics of their accounting are: accrual and payment of membership fees, receipt of property from various sources, settlement with contractors in the implementation of individual projects, calculation of exchange rates, recognition of income and expenses.Keywords: accounting, public association, public organization, public union, targeted funding. У статті розкрито питання особливостей обліку у громадських об’єднаннях з урахуванням специфіки їх функціонування. Наведено особливості діяльності громадських організацій та громадських спілок як окремих організаційно-правових форм громадських об’єднань. Установлено, що основними відмінностями громадських об’єднань, які впливають на ведення ними бухгалтерського обліку, є: неприбутковий статус, непідприємницька діяльність як пріоритет, добровільність участі, відсутність майнового інтересу з боку учасників, можливість співробітництва з міжнародними урядовими та неурядовими організаціями, можливість утворення відокремлених підрозділів (набуття всеукраїнського статусу), право на фінансову підтримку з бюджетів різних рівнів, цільовий характер розпоряджання коштами та іншим майном, активна взаємодія з органами державної влади та місцевого самоврядування, помірний зовнішній контроль над діяльністю. Ключові слова: бухгалтерський облік, громадське об’єднання, громадська організація, громадська спілка, цільове фінансування.
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Zadorozhnyi, Zenovii-Mykhailo, and Iryna Ometsinska. "Problematic aspects in accounting for financial performance in construction." Herald of Ternopil National Economic University, no. 3(97) (October 1, 2020): 225–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.35774/visnyk2020.03.225.
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Introduction. The modern development of the world globalization economy is accompanied by natural disasters, and instability of the political system and financial systems. In 2020, this development was significantly affected by the global pandemic COVID-19. These reasons significantly affected the financial results of enterprises. The effects of the economic crisis, especially the pandemic, have been felt by such a fund- building sector of the economy as construction. The development of this field provides additional jobs to companies in other industries. First of all, they include the building materials industry, furniture industry, chemical and machine-building industries. Many problematic issues have accumulated in accounting for the financial results of construction companies which require urgent solutions. They are related to the recognition of costs and revenues in accordance with the requirements of international and national accounting standards, the characteristics of their components, non-compliance with regulatory documents on pricing and accounting of enterprises in the industry, the definition of costs and revenues related to emergencies. The purpose of the study is to substantiate the need to improve the regulatory and legal support of accounting for financial results in construction in view of the changes that have occurred in the social and economic spheres of our state. Methods. The methodological basis of the study was the use of a systematic approach in the process of disclosing problematic aspects of accounting for financial results. The research methods of theoretical generalization, analysis, structural and functional approach were used to identify problem areas of accounting for financial results, while modeling, induction and deduction, and grouping helped to improve the accounting of costs and revenues from emergencies and clarification of sub-accounts and analytical accounts for accounting of financial results. Additionally, with abstract and logical, and comparison methods we substantiated the components of the contract price in construction and improved information support on the amount of net profit from each activity in management accounting. Finally, the results of the study are presented using tabular method. Results. The article analyzes the components of income of construction companies that affect the size of the financial result from the main activity. An improved structure of the contract price for construction projects is proposed, which is consistent with the costs in accordance with the requirements of accounting standards. This characteristic of the current state of accounting for costs and revenues in case of emergency is provided as part of determining the financial results of these events. It is proposed to reflect them as part of other operating expenses and other operating income in the event of loss on damage to current assets due to emergency. Where the construction company has suffered a loss of long-term assets as a result of such events, it is recommended that such losses be summarised in account 97 for “other expenses” and 74 for “other income”. It is also proposed to retrain 97 “other costs and investment activities” and 74 “other income- generating investment activities”, respectively. It is reasonable to change the names of sub-accounts to account 79 “financial results”. It is recommended to charge income tax on each type of activity in order to more accurately determine the net profit. The proposals of scientists to improve the accounting of retained earnings (uncovered losses) are analyzed. Suggestions are made to improve this area accounting for financial results. Prospects for further research. Prospects for further research are the formation of components of income and expenses from all activities of construction companies as elements in the extraction of financial results. This is especially true of income and expenses of the main activities of the construction industry.
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AFANASIEVA, Maryna. "RISK ANALYSIS OF INEFFICIENCY AT UKRAINE’S MACHINE BUILDING ENTERPRISES." Economy of Ukraine 2019, no. 3 (April 2, 2019): 22–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/economyukr.2019.03.022.
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The paper considers the risk identification of inefficiency concerning 51 Ukrainian joint-stock companies of machine building in 2012–2017. The value added at factor cost (VA) is determined as the resulting indicator of production efficiency, which is a source of income of various social groups, so it contributes to combined efforts. To support advanced production and management technologies, rather than an extensive market capture, the multiplicative model of VA has been suggested with the VA share in output to assess the quality processes within the enterprise. Economic analysis of the annual public financial statements and the structural statistics were conducted to study proportion between the cost elements in sum of expenses with link to profit in net turnover for the main operating activity. As a result the models of two types of risk coefficient have been proposed. It has been verified by statistical analysis. Data were checked on submission to normal distribution law by Shapiro – Wilk test and homogeneity by coefficient of variation. With the help of nonparametric analysis of variance by Kruskal – Wallis test and Spearman rank correlation coefficients; it has been proved that risk groups differ from other enterprises and from each other statistically significantly. We conclude that 37% of the sample enterprises are risky; a third of this is the large and medium-sized companies. Advantages of the method in comparison with Ward clusterization were shown. When making decisions about resource allocation, it should be confirmed that the enterprise is risk-free according to algorithms provided. To improve situation it needs to apply sustainable development concept.
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Korzh, Maryna, Andriy Gaievskyi, and Karyna Hurdzhyian. "Assessment of the enterprise marketing performance." Problems and Perspectives in Management 15, no. 4 (December 12, 2017): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.21511/ppm.15(4).2017.01.
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Nowadays, the Ukrainian economic system is facing difficulties because of country’s integration into the world globalization processes, and crisis phenomena create uncertainty and lack of stability to entrepreneurship that results in the increase in risk of international business processes. Therefore, assessing the marketing performance of a domestic enterprise under the instability is of particular interest. This requires for quantitative and qualitative system-based and situational reasoning of its marketing development plan. The main objective of the paper is to determine the methodological approaches to assessing both the quantitative and qualitative results of an enterprise’s marketing performance. It is determined that in the current context of the national economic system, the operation of business must include the actions directed to mutually agreed economic, image-building, informational, environmental, and social goals. In this regard, the concept of marketing strategy of an enterprise’s functioning and development in a volatile environment based on the system-based and situational approach is developed, and the assessment tools to evaluate marketing strategy performance are proposed (marketing performance evaluation model based on sales revenue index; forecasting the amount of profit from participation in international business processes; plan of actions in cases of forecasting the profit from participation in international business processes taking into account the effectiveness of marketing strategies realization; PSR-FM method that allows to integrate evaluation results of customers’ perceptual and transactional loyalty). The approaches to assessing the effectiveness of the enterprise’s marketing strategy development allow to analyze both the marketing performance of an enterprise at large and the specific marketing initiative regardless of area of economic activity.
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Francis, Soumahin Eric, Adou Bini Yao Christophe, Tonessia Dolou Charlotte, and Obouayeba Samuel. "Production Systems to Minimize the Latex Harvesting Cost of Rubber (Hevea brasiliensis)." European Scientific Journal, ESJ 14, no. 30 (October 31, 2018): 190. http://dx.doi.org/10.19044/esj.2018.v14n30p190.
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Latex harvesting is the most costly activity in natural rubber production and the shortage of available skill and unstable latex harvester are the main factor affecting in Rubber cultivation and its lead to increase cost of production. Low frequency system (LFT) with the hormonal stimulation is a solution to solve this problem that minimize the cost of latex harvesting. Therefore, a study was conducted for nine years on production systems that minimize the cost of latex harvesting in southwestern Côte d'Ivoire with clones IRCA 130, GT 1 and PB 217 of Hevea brasiliensis. These production systems differ from each other by an increase in tapping frequency, in comparison with the standard tapping (d3) on the above clones in southwestern Côte d'Ivoire. The results indicated that production systems that minimize the cost of latex harvesting admittedly resulted in losses of rubber yield per hectare per year from 1 to 37%, but improved the yield per tree per tapping as well as the productivity of the tapper from 20 to 46%, in year. Moreover, these systems contributed to the improvement of the vegetative growth of trees and kept the rate of dry trees in low level (less than 7%). Furthermore, these systems also helped to reduce the cost of tapping labor from 1 to 50%, as well as operating costs from 2 to 47%, in comparison with European Scientific Journal October 2018 edition Vol.14, No.30 ISSN: 1857 – 7881 (Print) e - ISSN 1857- 7431 191 the standard tapping (d3). Finally, in the context of a shortage of tapping labor, these systems help increase the farmer’s profit margin from 26% to 113%, as well as the tapper’s income from 26% to 89%. Therefore, it appears that the use of low frequency harvesting system with the appropriate stimulants appears as a solution to minimize latex harvesting cost and unavailability of harvesters in rubber cultivation.
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Tomczak, Sebastian Klaudiusz. "Influence of the size of equity on corporate efficiency." Oeconomia Copernicana 8, no. 2 (June 30, 2017): 239. http://dx.doi.org/10.24136/oc.v8i2.15.
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Research background: From the perspective of managers and shareholders, obtaining profit is the main goal and driver of company activity. A profitable company can find investors easily, because they count on a big return on investment. However, enterprises that are not effective enough could end up being taken over by others, go bankrupt or shut down business.Purpose of the article: is to identify the impact of a high share of equity in the total assets on the profitability of manufacturing companies.Methods: The focus of this paper is on the manufacturing sector. Research time-scale is set to sixteen years (2000–2015). The choice of this period is determined by data availability. In the examined interval of time over 15 thousand firms from the sector in question were flirted drawn from the EMIS. The gathered data enabled computation of the following financial indicators for the itemized companies: gross margin, operating margin, return on sales, return on assets, and return on equity. Then selection of companies was carried out to choose these with a high share of equity in its total assets. The proportion was regarded to be high if it reaches fifty one percent. Companies with quantities below this threshold have been excluded from the sample. The next step defines intervals (classes) for the equity ratio. Depending on the value of equity, the remaining firms were assigned to their corresponding class. In order to analyze influence of the quantity of equity on the level of profitability t-Student test for independent samples has been applied.Findings & Value added: The comparative analysis of the indicator of the size of equity with the indicators of profitability makes it possible to confirm that there is a significant impact on the value of profitability ratios of manufacturing companies. However, in most cases the impact is statistically irrelevant.
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KOZACHENKO, Anna. "INCOME OF BUSINESS ENTITIES: ECONOMIC ESSENCE AND CLASSIFICATION." HERALD OF KHMELNYTSKYI NATIONAL UNIVERSITY 300, no. 6 Part 2 (December 2021): 35–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.31891/2307-5740-2021-300-6/2-6.
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The article highlights the views of scholars on the economic meaning of the concept of “income”. It is determined that the term “income” should be considered an economic category, which means the direct receipt of certain assets (material resources or money) or a decrease in liabilities that lead to an increase in equity (minus the increase in equity contributions from owners or participants). The study of the concept of “income” in a broad interpretation from an economic and accounting point of view made it possible to establish the following properties: 1) income – is a type of financial results of economic activity for a certain period; 2) characterizes the economic benefits; 3) the main forms of economic benefits – is the proceeds from the sale of other property, from non-operating transactions; 4) economic benefits that generate income are estimated by their amount in cash. An analysis of the scientific literature on the identification of the definitions of “profit”, “income” and “revenue”, which gave reason to believe that the views of modern economists are divided into two categories, some scientists who equate income with sales revenue, others – recognize income in a broader category and note its impact on determining the performance of the entity and the amount of equity. The incomes of the enterprise which can be both in money, and not in monetary forms are considered. For effective revenue management, it is advisable to have a scientifically sound and detailed classification according to certain characteristics for the purposes of accounting, analysis, planning and auditing. It is determined that both foreign and domestic scientific sources reflect certain elements of income classifications that have more theoretical than practical significance. Thus, the classification features of enterprise income can be those characteristics that clearly identify the sources of their formation, factors of influence, time and method of recognition, place of formation.
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Melnychuk, Yuliia, Oksana Shkolenko, Tetiana Kharchuk, and V. Melnik. "ATTRACTING DEPOSIT FLOWS AS THE MAIN RESOURCE OF INVESTMENTS IN THE COUNTRY'S ECONOMY DURING THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC." Financial and credit activity problems of theory and practice 2, no. 43 (April 29, 2022): 8–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.55643/fcaptp.2.43.2022.3560.
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The article on "Attracting deposit flows as the main resource of investment in the economy during the Covid-19 pandemic" is devoted to finding methods and ways to stabilize the financial condition of the bank during the crisis, namely by attracting deposit flows, which is the main investment resource. The purpose of the study is to develop recommendations for the introduction of deposit flows as the main resource for investment in the economy during the pandemic Covid-19.
The study of the formation of the bank's deposit policy revealed the main reasons for banks to attract funds from individuals, namely: a stable resource (the nature of deposits depends on the types of lending operations, and accordingly the amount of profit); commercial banks can attract sufficient resources of this kind; relatively cheap resource for banks compared to interbank loans and other financial instruments; private deposits are beneficial for banks (current deposits show less activity in the movement of funds than in the funds of enterprises).
The principles of banking strategy are studied and the classification of intrabank principles and their distribution taking into account the economic situation into: general (principle of scientific substantiation; principle of system integrity; principle of integrated approach; principle of optimality and efficiency; principle of unity of elements) and specific (principle of ensuring optimal cost level; principle) security; the principle of reliability; the principle of unity of elements).
The banking market is considered, the leaders in terms of profitability of a banking institution are identified. The state of deposit policy in some banks is analyzed and the problems of deposit policy of Ukrainian banks during the Covid-19 Pandemic are identified. The directions and ways of their decision are offered. Based on the study, ways to attract depositors to banks during the Covid-19 pandemic as the main investors, whose funds are a source of economic development.
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Sofijanic, Svetozar Slobodan, Sinisa Milos Arsic, Dragutin Jovanovic, Milos Zivko Arsic, Safet Kalac, Zoran Ribaric, Dragan Kostadinovic, et al. "Influence of Business-Operational Performances and Company Size on CO2 Emissions Decrease-Case of Serbian Road Transport Companies." Sustainability 13, no. 15 (July 22, 2021): 8176. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13158176.
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This research includes the analysis and comparison of long-term values of key business parameters of profit-oriented companies in Serbia, which are engaged in road transport of cargo or passengers. This paper takes into account the decreasing emissions of CO2 and its relation to the size of business (in terms of transported cargo or number of passengers), and thus by the company’s business success (income, profit). In the empirical part of this research—ecological, operational, and business factors were analyzed on a sample of road carriers from Serbia, i.e., the most common type of organized transport of people or physical goods. Key difference was made between large and small companies engaged in transport activities, followed by difference between those companies which have business activities only in Serbia, or engage also in international activities in the Balkan region (or in the rest of world). The main goal of this paper is to determine statistically significant differences between transport companies in terms of key performance indicators, depending on whether they operate only domestically or abroad. In relation to company size, this paper examined the sustainability of operations in the case of the largest transport companies, which represent half of the total transport activity in the country (by number of people transported or the amount of transported cargo), compared to all small carriers with less than 50 employees. Future research involves extending this sample of road transport companies to all Balkan countries, which have not yet become a part of the European Union and including additional operational as well as environmental indicators that are not conventionally measured during vehicle inspections.
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Sitchenko, Hanna. "Regarding issues of the concept of venture investment of innovative activity." Law and innovations, no. 2 (34) (June 18, 2021): 30–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.37772/2518-1718-2021-2(34)-4.
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Problem setting. The current state of scientific researching the issue of venture investment of innovation activity suggests that the presence of mixing in research of diverse concepts in the field of venture investment innovation, reflection in regulations of the uncoordinated categorical definitions, leads to negative consequences in the form of legal uncertainty or even conflict, that significantly slows down the process of attracting investment. Therefore, the idea is that the building effective mechanisms of civil law regulation of venture investment of innovation activity of Ukraine in order to accelerate the commercialization of innovations as a major driving force of economy during the spread of COVID-19. Analysis of recent researches and publications. O. M. Vinnyk, S. O. Vikhrov, S. V. Hlibko, T. S. Hudima, Y. M. Zhornokuy, D. V. Zadykhaylo, O. YU. Kampi, O. P. Podtserkovnyy, V. V. Poyedynok, V. Y. Polatay, O. E. Simson have been researched the subject of innovation and investment activities. Theirs scientific minds formed the basis of this research, but the author has analyzed the current state of legislation in the given field and concluded that, in terms of civil law regulation of legal relations aimed at investing in innovation sphere, does not meet the global vector of development. To date, no systematic approach to building a holistic regulatory framework for the basic principles of formation and regulation of the venture capital market in Ukraine. So in the conditions of legislation of civil law the issues of venture investment of innovation activity in Ukraine remains open for new discussion, and the relevance of this study is obvious. Target of research is to analyze and identify the concept of venture investment of innovation activity, to determine its essence and characteristics in the civil law aspect. Article’s main body. Venture capital investment, as an element of the national innovation system, ensures the effective implementation of venture capital in the activities of private legal entities operating in the field of innovation, on a corporate or contractual basis. The high risks of such investment are due to the novelty of commercialized innovations and the early stage of bringing new high-tech products to market, created on their basis, and are reduced using of special legal forms and tools. Venture investment of innovation activity as a civil law category is a type of activity of venture investors to acquire shares (shares in the authorized capital) of legal entities of private law, carrying out innovative activities at an early stage of bringing their innovative product to market or (and) its scaling, aimed at obtaining a high level of profit from the subsequent sale of these shares (shares), characterized by high risks and long-term return on invested capital. Conclusions and prospects for the development. Analysis of the concept under this research allows us to conclude that venture investment of innovation activity is special value to the economy nowadays, demonstrating high growth potential during the spread of COVID-19. Therefore, its legal definition and legislative consolidation, taking into account the essence and characteristics, is a particularly urgent need for today's civil law regulation.
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Armando, Pedro D., Sonia A. Uema, and Elena M. Vega. "Integration of Community pharmacy and pharmacists in primary health care policies in Argentina." Pharmacy Practice 18, no. 4 (October 22, 2020): 2173. http://dx.doi.org/10.18549/pharmpract.2020.4.2173.
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Argentina is a federal republic with approximately 44 million people, divided into 23 provinces and an autonomous city, Buenos Aires. The health system is segmented into public, social security and private subsystems. The social security and private sectors cover more than 60% of the population. Total health expenditure in 2017 was 9.4% of gross domestic product. Primary health care (PHC) was considered as the principal strategy for universal coverage policy for health system reform in Latin America at the end of 20th century. The most remarkable characteristics of the Argentinian health system are its fragmentation and disorganization. An increase of public sector demands, due to a socioeconomic crisis, led to the subsequent collapse of the system, caused primarily by a sustained lack of investment. First care level decentralization to the Integral Health Service Delivery Networks (IHSDN) becomes the cornerstone of a PHC-based system. Pharmacists and community pharmacies are not formally mentioned in PHC policies or IHSDN. However, pharmacies are recognized as healthcare establishments as part of the first care level. Community pharmacists are the only health care professional whose profit comes from the margin on product sales. Contracts with social security and private insurances provide small margins which reduce the viability of community pharmacies. There is a preference by community pharmacies to diversify product sales instead of providing professional services. This is driven by marketing and economic pressures rather than patient care and health policies. Dispensing is the main professional activity followed by management of minor illness and associated product recommendations. Currently, there are no national practice guidelines or standard operating procedures for the provision of pharmaceutical services and there is no nationally agreed portfolio of services. National pharmacy organizations appear to have no official strategic statements or plans which would guide community pharmacies. There are some isolated experiences in community pharmacies and in public first care level pharmacies that demonstrate the possibilities and opportunities for implementing pharmaceutical services under the PHC approach. There is a real lack of integration of community pharmacies and pharmacists in the healthcare system.
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Defrizal, Defrizal, Lukman Hakim, and Suyanti Kasimin. "Analysis of Rice Supply Chain Performance Using the Supply Chain Operation Reference (Scor) Model and Analytical Hierarchy Process (Ahp) Method (Case Study: CV. Meutuah Baro Kuta Baro Aceh Besar District)." International Journal of Multicultural and Multireligious Understanding 7, no. 7 (August 7, 2020): 222. http://dx.doi.org/10.18415/ijmmu.v7i7.1731.
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Rice is the main food crop in Indonesia because most of Indonesia's population consumes rice as a source of carbohydrates. The supply chain (supply chain) of rice from producing regions to large markets is controlled by experts. This study discusses how the rice supply chain system in CV. Meutuah Baro and see how the rice supply on the CV. Meutuah Baro if analyzed with the SCOR model and AHP method. This research was carried out in the CV. Meutuah Baro in Kuta Baro District, Aceh Besar District, Aceh Province. This research method uses descriptive analysis and supply chain performance analysis is carried out with the SCOR model and AHP method.The results of this study indicate the activity of members of the rice supply chain structure in the CV. Meutuah Baro consists of farmers, CV. Meutuah Baro, a large rice trader, a retailer of end-consumer retailers, and rice retailers as a direct distributor to end consumers. While in the supply chain performance analysis CV. Meutuah Baro consists of three attributes, namely reliability is the value of the attribute with the best weight (0.99), the agility attribute produces sufficient results with a weight value (0.55), and the responsiveness attribute is the lowest profit value attribute (0.27). Based on the classification of performance standard values, the results of a comprehensive assessment of the rice supply chain CV. Meutuah Baro shows a sufficient value, which is 64%.
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Kobylynska, Т. V. "Statistical Assessment of the Impact of Structural Factors on Economic Activities of Agricultural Enterprises." Statistics of Ukraine, no. 2(77) (September 20, 2017): 27–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.31767/su.2(77).2017.02.04.
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Agricultural enterprises have a critical role in the agrarian market of Ukraine, as they account for nearly 60% of the plant-growing output. Studies of the dynamics and structure of production processes at agricultural enterprises are obviously important and expedient due to the need for operative and sound data on their economic performance, required by a wide range of users. Besides that, whatever is produced in the market environment needs to be demanded by the market and be sold with profit, with due consideration for the requirements on rational land use, to maintain the fertility of lands and prevent from their destruction.
The objective of the study is to conduct statistical analysis of the structure and structural change of the agricultural output produced by agricultural enterprises in Ukraine. Negative and positive tendencies in the structural change of operation at agricultural enterprises by organizational and legal form of proprietorship are analyzed. The indicator of production output in constant prices is used to characterize the dynamics of the total output. It is stressed that it is a key performance indicator in agricultural sector, used for both agricultural enterprises and households. The agricultural output is computed by valuating all the categories of products irrespective of the production location and conditions, by the same price This algorithm avoids the impact of variations in regional prices for categories of agricultural products and enables for comparative analysis at national and regional level by main agricultural activity (plant-growing, animal husbandry) and category of agricultural producers. The structure and structural change in the agricultural output by product category and form of proprietorship is analyzed, ft is shown that while in 2012-2013 agricultural enterprises accounted for average 52.4% of the gross agricultural output, in 2014-2016 their average contribution in the output grew by 3.4 percentage points and reached 55.8%.
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Maslyhan, Olena, Erika Todierishko, Sviatoslav Zhukov, and Mariya Kashka. "Routing for tourist and excursion bureaus based at parametric network models." Economic Annals-ХХI 191, no. 7-8(1) (August 10, 2021): 100–113. http://dx.doi.org/10.21003/ea.v191-08.
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This study is devoted to applying parametric network models for the process of defining a guided tour route within route networks on the example of Denmark. This is caused by difficulty in determining variations when organizing guided tours. Under the actual digitization conditions, tourist and excursion bureaus are being restructured from static organizations administering various excursions into dynamic ones. They are actually getting adjusted to the customers’ needs and demands, taking into account the actual possibilities for covering a certain topic by the tour party within a route. The main problem encountered by tourist and excursion bureaus is the following. Although the nomenclature of presented guided tours is established by the economic entity independently, those are not always carried out according to a clearly defined itinerary and on the same conditions for all participants. When providing such services, customers’ demands and service peculiarities are not known in advance. The purpose of the present study is to provide a substantive basis for routing in tourist and excursion bureaus, based on parametric network models and taking into account the peculiarities of dynamically adaptable tables containing the best routes. To achieve the research goal, network planning methods were used, such as analytical, tabular, cloud computing in the AnyLogic Cloud environment. As a result of the study, a substantive basis of routing of the tourist route was presented for tourist and excursion bureaus, through their parametric network models. The study was implemented at the sample of the Denmark Tour -Your Guide Office, a company founded within cooperation with Russian, Ukrainian, and Denmark partners and providing travel services within the Denmark tourist market. The Office includes about 20 affiliates in Denmark, where route networks have already been adapted to designing tours in practice and parameterization of such networks is well underway, in particular by shifting the focus from the route distance rate to minimization of transfers between attraction sites. However, to provide a substantive basis for the routing in a tourist office, parameters of the routing networks should be determined not only based on the list of actions (activities) to be carried out, but also on their minimum and maximum possible duration. A lack of due attention to the servicing time for the tour groups will lead to breaking tour schedules. Thus, in 2020, as a result of the inefficient parameterization at Denmark Tour - Your Guide, about 5-6 tours around Aalborg and its vicinity were cancelled monthly. Denmark Tour- Your Guide incurs monthly profit losses at 15% in 4-6 tours around Aarhus and its surroundings, Jursland peninsula, rated at a fixed cost, as the result of payment of a fixed cost for the selected excursions. A similar situation, with breaking tour schedules and monthly losses incurred, is common with tourist and excursion bureaus in various countries around the world, including Ukraine. According to the results of the study, it is marked that the routing of tourist itineraries designed by tourist agencies, based on parametric network models turns their static time reserves and operational metrics into dynamic values depending on the duration of the tour activities. This not only ensures following schedules properly in all tours but also minimizes monthly profit loss, at an estimated EUR 2,250 for the Aalborg and its surroundings routes. Meanwhile, there may be situations where it is not possible to change the total tour cost. For example, in the company Denmark Tour - Your Guide, when working with intermediate parties, this price is fixed. To prevent incurring monthly losses within 15% of the profits for 4-6 tours of Aarhus and its surroundings, Jursland peninsula, Aalborg and Surroundings, it is necessary to make some quite specific adjustments in some activities at the sites. These should take into account the time reserve values on the longest route. A special tour activity complex is to be completed, with a maximum difference in early and late schedule times, standard and urgent pricing for the site operations). A procedure is compiled for minimizing losses in routes (over 8K euro annually), providing for completion of the activity complex within the schedule with a minimum additional charge to the operating metric (the route price), since it is not reimbursed by the tourists. It is important that the results presented should identify the path adjustments of each route simultaneously, taking into account the actual time reserve (available based on the tour group location and the previouisly completed schedule items on the tour). Prospects for practical implementation of the presented substantiation basis for the itinerary routing to be used in tourist and excursion bureaus, based on parametric network models, are in establishing facilities for creating dynamic graphic images of the whole tour procedure, in the form of a directed graph of the route network.
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Stevanović, Slavica, Jelena Minović, and Grozdana Marinković. "Earnings and cash flow persistence: Case of medium agriculture enterprises in Serbia." Ekonomika poljoprivrede 68, no. 1 (2021): 141–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/ekopolj2101141s.
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This paper examines the earnings and cash flow persistence of selected agriculture Serbian enterprises as a measure of their earnings quality. We study the persistence of income statements and cash flow statement items of medium-sized agriculture enterprises in Serbia. Agriculture is a relevant sector for the national economy and medium-sized enterprises are the main drivers of her economic growth. We use panel regression analysis with annual data over the period from 2010 to 2018. The results of our research indicate that earnings and cash flow-based indicators have different persistence. Analysing accruals and net cash flows of operating activities as determinants of operating profit of analysed enterprises, we conclude that operating profit that represents accruals are more persistent than operating profit backed by net operating cash flows.
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Izmailova, Katerina, and Yuliia Zapiechna. "STUDY OF UNPROFITABILITY OF UKRAINE’S LARGE CONSTRUCTION ENTERPRISES BY THE DUPONT METHOD." Three Seas Economic Journal 1, no. 4 (December 28, 2020): 84–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.30525/2661-5150/2020-4-12.
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Profitability and its varieties remain the key indicator, which helps to explore certain dependencies and consequences of economic activity of each enterprise in the country. The authors study large construction companies in Ukraine to identify general trends in the construction sector. Despite their overall small share in the total number of all construction enterprises, one should note their significant contribution to the development of the construction sector of Ukraine and higher profitability compared to small and medium enterprises. The negative trend of large construction companies during 2010-2020 proves the relevance of a detailed analysis of such an indicator as the loss ratio of equity in order to identify the factors that have the greatest negative impact. Method. The authors analyse the impact of operating, investment and financial activities on the loss of equity of Ukrainian large construction companies in 2018 compared to 2013 by the widely known method of the company DuPont. It is based on an equation that shows the relationship between return on invested capital, asset turnover, net income and financial leverage. Only in 2018 the situation started to level off. Factor analysis of profitability indicators has revealed the in-depth factors that affect them, namely: loss of the main activity of construction enterprises for ten consecutive years, which caused a decrease in equity to a critically low level and, accordingly, high values of financial leverage. Results. The use of the DuPont method for the analysis of profitability (loss) for large construction companies has allowed a deeper analysis of the factors that influenced such indicators as return on equity. It has been found that the profitability (loss) of equity industries are influenced by the rate of business activity and financial dependence of large construction companies. Practical significance. It has been found that the loss of equity is influenced by a decrease in uncovered profits and a decrease in financial dependence (the ratio of financial dependence increased from 34.96 in 2013 to – 19.213 in 2018) of large construction companies. This indicates a gradual erosion of equity of construction companies, increasing the level of risk, reducing their financial stability. Additional measures are needed to revive the general economic situation in the country, including the digital transformation of construction, the search for innovative activities, the restructuring of institutional support for the construction sector.
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Sirenko, K. Yu. "Formation and distribution of the enterprise profit." ScientifiScientific Herald of Sivershchyna. Series: Education. Social and Behavioural Sciences 2021, no. 2 (November 1, 2021): 171–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.32755/sjeducation.2021.02.171.
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The purpose of the article is to study the stages of formation and distribution directions of enterprise profits, substantiation of proposals for improving the process of profit management in the enterprise. Profit occupies one of the main places in the general system of value instruments of a market economy. It ensures the stability of the enterprise, guarantees its full financial independence. The methods of analysis and synthesis, comparison were used in the article. The characteristic of a role of the enterprise profit in the conditions of market economy is resulted. Some types of the enterprise profit in accordance with the given systematization on the basic signs are considered. The main stages of calculation of profit (loss) from operating activities of enterprises are determined. It is proved that the profit from the sale of products (performance of works, provision of services) is the main type of the enterprise profit, which is related to the industry specifics of its activities. An analogue of this term is the term “profit from operating activities”. Enterprises distribute the profits that remain at their disposal to meet various needs: first, it is directed to the formation of financial resources of the state, the financing of budget expenditures. For the purposes of long-term development, the proportion of the distribution of net income for consumption and accumulation is of paramount importance. The main internal and external factors influencing the profitability of the enterprise are given. It is proved that the effectiveness of profit management processes largely depends on the quality of analysis, the reality of identifying reserves to increase it, the economic justification of plans for the formation and use of profits for the future. Thus, the factor of profit growth is the reduction of production costs. The reduction of production costs most fully reflects the savings of all types of resources available to the enterprise. Key words: profit, formation, enterprise, distribution, use, estimation.
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Buchory, Herry Achmad. "Anomalies of Banking Intermediation and Profit Growth (Study on the 10 Largest Banks in Indonesia)." GATR Journal of Finance and Banking Review 5, no. 1 (June 30, 2020): 14–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.35609/jfbr.2020.5.1(2).
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Objective – One of the bank's main goals is to obtain profit mainly from the intermediation process. The implementation of the Indonesian banking intermediary function in the year 2017 is not optimal, as indicated by credit growth in the year 2017 which only reached 8,35%. This phenomenon also occurs in the 10 largest banks in Indonesia. In 2017 the intermediation function has decreased but profits have increased. The aim of this study is to analyze the influence of banking intermediation on profit growth and whether credit quality and operational efficiency affect profit growth. An indicator of banking intermediation is a loan to deposits ratio (LDR), credit quality with non-performing loans (NPLs), the operating efficiency with the ratio of operating expense to operating income (OEOI) and profit growth is measured by the amount of profit. Methodology – Descriptive and verification methods will be used in this study, with data from the 10 largest banks financial statements in Indonesia for the period 2016-2017 while data analysis uses multiple linear regression. Findings – The findings of this study show that partially LDR has a positive effect although the effect is not significant on Profit; NPLs have a negative effect on Profit and the effect is significant; OEOI has a negative effect even though the effect is not significant on Profit; Simultaneously, the variable LDR, NPLs, OEOI have a significant effect on profit. Novelty – Compared to previous studies, bank profit growth is not only influenced by banking intermediation, but if banks can maintain credit quality and improve operational efficiency, bank profits will grow Type of Paper: Empirical Keywords: loan to deposit ratio, non-performing loans, the ratio of operating expenses to operating income, profit growth. Reference to this paper should be made as follows: Buchory; H.A. 2020. Anomalies of Banking Intermediation and Profit Growth (Study on the 10 Largest Banks in Indonesia), J. Fin. Bank. Review, 5 (1): pp. 14 – 22 https://doi.org/10.35609/jfbr.2020.5.1(2) JEL Classification: G21, G32.
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Jakubcová, Marie, and Klára Placier. "Main and Economic Activity of Non‑Profit Organizations from the Point of Individual Legal Forms." Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis 65, no. 2 (2017): 429–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.11118/actaun201765020429.
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The article focuses on data, gathered from non‑governmental non‑profit organizations (NGOs) seated on the territory of the Czech Republic. Data collected from NGOs defined also by their legal form (association, subsidiary association, public benefit corporation, church legal entity) helped to monitor the structure of main and economic activity of organizations. In the article, the mutual differences in the main and economic activity of NGOs are analysed. The link between legal form and selected categories of main activities according to the classification COPNI has been verified by the Fisher’s exact test with p‑values computed by Monte Carlo simulations using 2,000 replications. Furthermore, this test has been used to prove statistically significant dependency between the individual categories of main and economic activities. On the basis of a conclusive statistical survey at the level 5 %, the dependency between legal form of non‑governmental non‑profit organization and its main activity has been verified as well as the correlation between main and economic activities of associations.
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Levandivsky, O. "Theoretical essence of investment and investment-one process in investing firm energy enterprises." Ekonomìka ta upravlìnnâ APK, no. 2(151) (December 16, 2019): 96–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.33245/2310-9262-2019-151-2-96-103.
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The article examines the theoretical nature of investment and the investment process in investing in agricultural enterprises. It is noted that the investment theory began to take shape simultaneously with the world market, the development of which was caused by the great geographical discovery of the XV-XVI centuries. The investment theory of the era of mercantilism is considered. It was proved that they identified the wealth of the nation with money, and money with precious metals. In the works of physiocrats, investment was considered as a process aimed at restoring and increasing capital, with the help of which not only production in agriculture is carried out, but national wealth as a whole grows. Representatives of the school of neoclassical direction, it was determined that the proposal is governed by the bank interest rate, which acts as the offer price in the capital market, and demand - the rate of return on invested capital, which gets the entrepreneur. It is proved that in the broad sense of Keynesian investment theory can be considered protectionist, since it promotes the protection of the national economy from foreign investment. Based on an analysis of investment research, leading foreign and domestic scientists have made certain conclusions in determining the nature of investments and the investment process in investing in agricultural enterprises. Considered the main factors affecting the volume of investment. Focused on an investment project. It has been proven that the development and implementation of an investment project (primarily a production focus) under market conditions consists of three phases: pre-investment (a preliminary study before the final investment decision); investment (design, contract, contract, construction) and production (phase of economic activity of the enterprise). In turn, these phases are divided into stages and stages: investment motivation, forecasting and programming of investments, rationale for investment, insurance of investments, government regulation of the investment process, investment planning, financing of the investment process, design and pricing, provision of investments with material and technical resources, development of investments, preparation for production, previous delivery and acceptance into operation, final Dacha facility. The significance of the investment component of the development and operation of an agricultural enterprise is described, the role of which is exacerbated in the context of the instability of the economic environment and the permanent lack of financial resources. Keywords:investment project, financial resources, net profit margin, lending rate, inflation.
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Дадыкин, Валерий, Valeriy Dadykin, Ольга Дадыкина, and Olga Dadykina. "Improvement of the contract system in the sphere of purchase based on geological-economic monitoring." Forestry Engineering Journal 7, no. 4 (January 30, 2018): 235–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/article_5a3ce9e8eaf320.52816972.
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The questions of optimizing the reproduction indices of mineral and raw materials base are determined by the Budget Code of the Russian Federation and Federal Law No. 44-FZ of 05.04.2013 and are caused by a discrepancy between the economic interests of participants in the procurement process. Rosnedra, as a state customer, organizes purchases. The subjects entering into relations with the state customer in the stage of determining the supplier are legally independent geological organizations with their own means of production. The main indicator of their activity is maximization of revenue and profits from fulfillment of orders. For federal, regional and local government bodies, the goal is to maintain geological services markets, develop a regional mineral resource base. It follows that economic motivations of potential participants do not always coincide, and sometimes even contradict each other. In our opinion, one of the ways to maintain reproductive cycles of the mineral resource base is to use geoinformation systems in geological exploration modeling through the classification of methods and tools, determining composition of the modules consisting of indicators, conducting their peer review. The purpose of the study is to analyze and systematize the provisions of the contract system in the procurement segment and propose the ways to improve it, based on geological and economic monitoring, to group monitoring indicators into three interacting functional blocks within a single data warehouse: mineral resource base, mineral resource complex and mineral resources potential. The research methodology includes analysis of subsoil users operating in the region; deposits with industrial categories; deposits with geological reserves; soil areas containing predictive resources of category P1; soil areas containing predictive resources of category P2; soil areas containing predictive resources of category P3. As a result, the authors carry out an expert assessment of the limit values of indicators for the mining zones of the Bryansk region, on the basis of which it is concluded on the feasibility of use of geological and economic monitoring with respect to information support of the contract system in the procurement sphere.
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Brem, Markus, and Thomas Tucha. "Transfer Pricing: Conceptual Thoughts on the Nature of the Multinational Firm." Vikalpa: The Journal for Decision Makers 31, no. 2 (April 2006): 29–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0256090920060202.
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This paper deploys Transaction Cost Economics (TCE) to elaborate on the shortcomings of ‘mainstream‘ transfer pricing in multinational firms. Departing from the notion that multinationals increasingly (re-)organize their business along multinational value chains irrespective of jurisdictional borders, this paper discusses the nature of the multinational firm and the problem of choosing the right intra-group (transfer) price. The mainstream transfer pricing approach derived from the Arm�s Length Principle (ALP) is deemed inappropriate for globally operating multinational enterprises (MNEs). Referring to the value chain model, the paper suggests that ‘entrepreneurial coordination’ is the key performance feature to be used for valuing business activity and for allocating — for tax transfer pricing purposes — standard mark-ups and residual profits along the value chain. The main findings of this paper are: Neo-classical concepts on marginal pricing may not suffice to establish arm's lengh transfer pricing; the inadequacy between tax-world transfer pricing (getting income allocation right) and business-world transfer pricing (getting management incentives right) might find its explanation in such concepts. MNEs need to be understood as large organizations different from domestic large organizations by the fact that they operate in different jurisdictions and/or institutional environments. Operative business is coordinated along business lines in which value chain processes can e identified. De facto, business-world transfer pricing takes place along such value chains in which tangible and intangible assets are transferred and hence require appropriate pricing from both the tax-world and the business-world perspective. TCE is a worthy candidate for illustrating governance structures and transactional attributes of business between related parties of a multinational group; such features support arguments to establish arm's length transfer pricing. Regularly, a clear cut-off of functional allocation into tax jurisdictions is difficult to achieve because of the high degree of integration into the value chains of the multinational. TCE appears to better distinguish between so-called �routine� and ‘non-routine’ functions. Transactions of the MNE are rarely of an ‘either-or’ feature (either ‘market’ or ‘hierarchy’). Depending upon transactional attributes, the price of such transaction can be assessed by variables describing the institutional and economic context, the transaction-specific contract, the stage of the business process involved, the strategy chosen, and the function pattern (function, risk, assets) Comparable information is rarely found in databases which provide company information. The more non-routine functions and intangibles are involved, the less is the tested function (or business unit) comparable with companies from external databases. Under these data constraints on comparables, the arm�s length tests on transfer pricing will have to resort to internal information if the ALP is intended to remain viable. A next-generation transfer pricing approach may have to make use of patterns of governance to characterize and to value the functional contributions to the overall value chain.
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Inayati, Titik, Bambang Subroto, Achmad Fachan, and Atim Djazuli. "Analyzing Islamic Micro Finance Performance with Economic Value Added (EVA): Learning from Baitul Wat Tamwil (BMT) Usaha Gabungan Terpadu Sidogiri Indonesia." Business and Management Horizons 2, no. 2 (November 3, 2014): 29. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/bmh.v2i2.6103.
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Analyzing Islamic Micro Finance Performance with Economic Value Added (EVA). EVA analysis is used for deciding the regulations of investment of BMT. Monetary report is analyzed with EVA, Net Operating Profit After Tax (NOPAT), Weighted Average Cost of Capital (WACC), and Invested Capital. The result of performance using EVA shows that BMT can create value. NOPAT underwent a significant increase compare with the capital fund. The profit that is created is higher than accounting profit which shows that BMT has a very good performance. The capital which is consists of debt and equity has been used efficiently and effectively so that it can increase the profit. The BMT officer should pay attention to the financial performance in order to decide the regulation and investment that will be done. Investment and activity which is done by BMT should be resulted more value so that it can give the real profit for the development of BMT.
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Rosita, Siti Ita, and Ribut Yudi S. "Analisis Pendapatan Dan Biaya Kaitannya Dengan Penyajian Laba Kotor PT. Jatropha Oil Indonesia." Jurnal Ilmiah Akuntansi Kesatuan 4, no. 1 (March 18, 2020): 024–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.37641/jiakes.v2i1.99.
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Revenues generally classified as one that resourced from company’s normal activities and one that is not. Revenues resulted from normal activities usually obtained from goods or services selling relating to company’s main activities. Expenses are deducting factors of revenues to obtain profits and/or loss. Expenses arised form company’s activities are consisted of production costs, business costs and other costs. Gross profits is more actually operative in character when compared to operating profit, Even though gross profit is often perceived to normally depicting company’s normal activities, not all costs reflected in operating costs are directly related to the creation of revenues. The research is to analyse revenues and expenses recognition in a manufacturing company. Analysis is conducted to investigate whether or not the recognition of expenses and revenues run by the company is accountable to compile gross profit and then be used to evaluate the production department performance. The result shows that the company has properly recognised the revenues obtained, but not in the expenses part. This is due to the improper method used.
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Febi, Febi, Syamsul Rizal, Ade Fadillah FW Pospos, and Khairunnisak Khairunnisak. "PENGARUH JUMLAH NASABAH PEMBIAYAAN MURABAHAH TERHADAP PROFIT PERBANKAN SYARIAH (Studi Kasus Bank X Syariah Capem A Periode 2013-2016)." JIM: Jurnal Ilmiah Mahasiswa 1, no. 1 (August 8, 2018): 1–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.32505/jim.v1i1.465.
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Bank Syariah is a bank stressing on the principles of sharia which is the main foundation in its operation both in the direction of its fund and also in the channeling of its fund (in sharia banking channeling of fund commonly called with financing). Financing is a function of the bank in carrying out the function of the use of funds. Sharia banking concerns an syariah bank and sharia business, covering company, business activity, way and process in conducting its business activity. Murabahah financing is a financing contract of an item by confirming its purchase price to the buyer and the buyer pays it twiceas profit as agreed upon by both. Profit is the ability of management to earn lucome. Profit consists of gross profit, operating profit, and net income. The formulation of the problem in this research is whether the number of customers financing have an effect on the profit of sharia banking. The purpose of research is to determine the effect of murabahah financing customers on the profit of sharia banking. Analytical techniques in this study using quantitative analysis using primary data sources and secondary data with simple regression analysis with SPSS 20 program. The population in this study is all customers in Bank x Sharia A which cousists of customers 4.984 customers, while the sample in this study is number of murabahah customers which is 1,928 customers. Technique of collecting data used documentation method, observation, interview and library method. The results showed that the number of murabahah financing customers had a significant effect with the 0.05 with the sig 0.025 on the profit of sharia banking.
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NAZARENKO, Y. A. "TAX ON THE WITHDRAWAL OF CAPITAL AS A MECHANISM TO INCREASE THE CAPITALIZATION LEVEL OF ENTERPRISES." Economic innovations 21, no. 2(71) (June 20, 2019): 83–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.31520/ei.2019.21.2(71).83-90.
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Topicality. Increasing the level of capitalization of the economy is of strategic importance for Ukraine, since market transformation in Ukraine is inherently capitalization of the economy. All this necessitates further investigation of the mechanisms of capitalization of enterprises, including tax mechanisms.Aim and tasks. Analyze tax on the withdrawal of capital and experience of its use in Estonia, identify its benefits and potential risks, propose improvements to its legislative support.Research results. The corporate income tax system is designed in such a way that dividends can be paid even if no profit is received. In the future, these dividends derived from one of the schemes are deposited on offshore accounts. According to conservative estimates of experts of the Institute for Social and Economic Transformation, the losses of the budget of Ukraine from offshore schemes amount to UAH 50-65 billion a year. The chances of tax evasion are great. Large Ukrainian companies, with the help of auditors, can reduce their tax burden from 18% to 3-4%. The main disadvantages of the income tax collection system are the discretion of the administration (the decision-making power of the officials at its discretion) and corruption. Many experts and businessmen see the solution to this problem by replacing the income tax with tax on the withdrawal of capital. This will ensure that business profits are not taxed as long as they are not paid out to the owners in the form of dividends and equivalent payments, that is, they are not taken out of business. Estimates of the negative short-term impact on budget revenues differ. The most optimistic estimates range from 0.5% to 1.2-1.3% of GDP. It is likely that the use of capital deduction will lead to a decrease in tax revenues, but such a sharp fall as the situation in Estonia in Ukraine is not likely to be, since the new tax will be paid by "loss-making" enterprises, and the operations used today for tax evasion will be taxed. Estimates of the negative short-term impact on budget revenues differ. The most optimistic estimates range from 0.5% to 1.2-1.3% of GDP. It is likely that the use of tax on the withdrawal of capital will lead to a decrease in tax revenues, but such a sharp fall as the situation in Estonia in Ukraine is not likely to be, since the new tax will be paid by "loss-making" enterprises, and the operations used today for tax evasion will be taxed.Analysis of the draft Law of Ukraine on tax on the withdrawal of capital allows to determine a number of proposals for its improvement in the part of enterprises that have accumulated losses in the amount exceeding their own capital or in the amount of UAH 100 million; exemption from tax on interest on the deposit, if they remain on it; defining the norms of the shortage that the enterprise can attribute to the property provided free of charge; deviation of the contractual value of the taxpayer's property upwards or downwards from ordinary prices; the unification of the tax rate on the withdrawal of capital with the tax rate on personal income.Conclusion. Tax on the withdrawal of capital forms a self-regulating economic system, that is, if dividends are not paid and invested in the development of an enterprise, then production increases, which in turn leads to an increase in value added tax and wage tax. The introduction of this tax will provide a number of positive consequences: growth of business activity, acceleration of modernization of enterprises, redistribution of the tax burden on all taxpayers, reduction of the tax burden; simplification of control and simplification of tax accounting, reduction of methods of tax minimization, shadowing of the economy.
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Aman, Qaiser, and Sultan Altass. "Pre-and Post-COVID-19 condition, performance and future of the airline industry: Evidence from accounting data." Revista Amazonia Investiga 10, no. 37 (March 5, 2021): 9–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.34069/ai/2021.37.01.1.
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The main purpose of this study was to analyze the pre-and post-COVID-19 condition, performance and future of the airline industry. To get the desired objective of the study current research study used the accounting information of airline industry. For the said purpose cross tabulation, frequencies, means techniques were used to draw the conclusion. To predict the future and revival of the industry study calculated the means before and after COVID-19 performance and forecast the recovery period of the industry. The accounting results showed that the condition and performance of the airline industry was good before the COVID-19 pandemic. The average results showed that operating profit margin, net profit, return on invested capital and, revenues were at acceptable levels before COVID-19. However, in the aftermath of COVID-19, all the indicators dropped significantly and become negative. Before COVID-19, the airline industry was contributing an average $118 billion in annual tax revenue to governments. Before COVID-19, the region-wise accounting results showed that the condition and performance of the airline industry was good in all regions except in Africa. After COVID-19, the airline industry in all regions encountered significant problems with negative operating profit, net profit and, return on invested capital, and a significant drop in revenue. In short, such unexpected, painful and huge losses have never been recorded throughout the history of the airline industry. The future of the airline industry is unpredictable and uncertain, but the average results showed that said industry will recover within four to five years if COVID-19 disappears in 2020.
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Ankudo-Jankowska, Anna, and Jakub Glura. "Assessing the usefulness of accounting measures for examining profitability of the State Forests’ National Forest Holding." Forest Research Papers 77, no. 2 (June 1, 2016): 158–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/frp-2016-0018.
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Abstract The purpose of this study was to analyse the profitability of the State Forests by using accounting measures and to determine their practical applicability for evaluating the State Forests’ activities covering the years 2008-2012. In our assessment, we used the ratios: return on assets, return on equity and return on sales, which were calculated for the four following levels of financial result: operating result and economic activity result, gross profit and net profit. The degree of variability of the analysed ratios was determined for the years 2008-2012. On the basis of our survey, the State Forests’ activities were found to be profitable. The ratios return on assets, sales and equity show only slight variation depending on the applied category of financial results. Furthermore, this study confirms that there is a high degree of variation over time. In the years 2008-2012, the profitability ranged from 2% to 13% with the highest profit having been reached in 2011. We conclude that for the State Forests’ activity assessment, the profitability ratios established for the category of operating results will be of great significance.
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Zaitseva, Yu A. "Sources of Property Formation of a Public Law Company." Actual Problems of Russian Law 1, no. 12 (January 20, 2020): 81–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.17803/1994-1471.2019.109.12.081-091.
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As part of the civil legislation reform, a public not-for-profit company is recognized as an independent form of non-profit organizations. Its intermediate position between a legal entity as a subject of private law and a public authority shows the existence of features in the methods of its property formation. In the article the author has analyzed the sources of formation of the property of the public not-for-profit company, investigated doctrinal approaches to understanding the essence of the sources of formation of the property of the organization under consideration. The peculiarities of property formation of public law companies operating in Russia have also been determined. According to the results of the analysis, the author has drawn the conclusion about a predominantly public nature of the property component of public not-for-profit companies, the main source of formation of which is the state property or funds received under statutory provisions. The author makes the interest of the founder in the property component of a public not-for-profit company conditional upon implementation of the state and public interests and public law functions imposed on it. On the basis of the study, the author has determined a conflict in the legislation regulating the investment of temporarily free funds of a public not-for-profit company as a revenue-producing activity and has made proposals to resolve it.
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Yang, Sijing, and Jing Cui. "Modelling Investment Choice Preference of Government Venture Capital Guiding Funds." Discrete Dynamics in Nature and Society 2021 (September 8, 2021): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/5244937.
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The continuous development of the government venture capital guiding funds (hereinafter referred to as the “government guiding funds”) has provided financial support and development opportunities for the development of many small- and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs), and government guiding funds have been paid attention by more and more entrepreneurs and investors of SMEs. This paper takes the SMEs listed on the National Equities Exchange and Quotations (“NEEQ,” known as the New Third Board) as a research sample, systematically examines the factors that influence the selection of investment objects of government guiding funds, and studies the preference of government guiding funds from the aspects of financial characteristics and corporate governance of SMEs. The research results show that on one hand, ownership concentration, date of establishment, and asset size are significantly related to government guiding funds, while the return on equity (ROE), the asset-liability ratio, liquidity of assets, growth rate of main business income, and the operating net profit ratio failed to pass the significance test; on the other hand, operating profit ratio, investment interests, asset size, and the amount of investment of government guiding funds are significantly related, while investment rounds, date of establishment, ownership concentration, ROE, asset-liability ratio, liquidity of assets, and operating net profit ratio failed the significance test.
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Horeta, L. "ANALYSIS OF THE MAIN INDICATORS OF INDUSTRY DEVELOPMENT AS THE BASIS FOR THE FORMATION OF MARKETING STRATEGIC ACTIVITY OF DOMESTIC ENTERPRISES." Vìsnik Sumsʹkogo deržavnogo unìversitetu, no. 2 (2019): 46–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.21272/1817-9215.2019.2-6.
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The development and strengthening of the domestic industrial complex as a whole and of individual economic entities will be facilitated by the focus on the production of competitive high-tech intellectual products. Industrial enterprises should aim to produce products that will be in demand in the domestic and foreign markets, providing a significant proportion of gross value added and profit. The article analyzes the main indicators of industrial development of Ukraine (index of industrial production, volume of industrial products sold, profitability of operating activity of industrial enterprises, capital investments of industry, indicators of innovative activity in industry, share of industrial enterprises that have received profit, number of industrial enterprises, number of employed workers at industrial enterprises). Analysis of the main indicators of the development and functioning of domestic industrial enterprises determines the relevance of the implementation of appropriate marketing policy. Marketing policy should be a part of the general policy of industrial enterprises and foresee the development of measures aimed at modernizing market and product strategies. When developing measures of marketing strategic activity of domestic industrial enterprises, the following was taken into account: the existing potential of domestic enterprises in the market of industrial products of Ukraine and their strategic capabilities. According to the results of the analysis, a set of priority tasks aimed at the effective development of the domestic industry has been formed, the main components of marketing strategic activity of industrial enterprises have been identified and the prospects for further research have been formulated. Key words: mechanical engineering, competitiveness, strategic marketing activities, industrial enterprise.
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Sharkova, A. V., T. I. Chinaeva, and A. S. Klepackaya. "The analysis of activity of the construction organizations based on studying of profit indicators." Statistics and Economics 15, no. 5 (November 13, 2018): 40–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.21686/2500-3925-2018-5-40-50.
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The aim of research. Construction belongs to one of types of economic activity and key industry, thereby having significant effect on economy and growth of well-being of nation and its economic entities. However, the crisis conditions of the last few years could not but affect the construction activity. In this regard, the analysis of the existing situation in the sphere of construction and studying of the factors, influencing increase in efficiency of activity of the construction organizations is a relevant task. The goal of this article is to study and analyze construction area by studying individual organizations, which were chosen in database “SPARK”. One of the most important quality indicators, characterizing the organization’s activities is profit, which is the final financial result and allows replenishing the organization’s financial resources. The work has evaluated the effectiveness of the formation and use of profits of the analyzed organizations, identifying existing problems. The profit is a factor that determines productivity of organization, its liquidity, ability to pay, financial sustainability in the modern market. A part of research performs economics and statistics analysis of main economic indicators, characterizing the formation and use of profit in organizations of the construction industry, and financial activity analysis of the two largest construction organizations in part of profit formation and its use.Materials and methods. Informational background is statistical data and analytical information about financial activity of construction organizations. Methodological basis of the research is statistical methods of data analysis: comparative and dynamical analysis, variational analysis, correlation and regression analysis.Results. The role of construction area in economics of Russia was analyzed. Construction is the key industry that influences the formation of the national economy. Main indicators that describe efficiency of activity of construction organizations were considered; analysis of number of indicators about activity of construction area was implemented; a group of organizations was chosen by using database “SPARK”; interrelationship between earnings and net profit was studied, comparative analysis between Ltd “Stroyregistr” and Closed Joint Stock Company “SEDO” is implemented. The main types of profit such as gross profit, profit on sales, before-tax profit and net profit were considered. It is worth noting that these types of profit are interrelated, since one category arises from the other depending on the income and expense items inherent in one or another type of profit. Analysis of the state of construction organizations involves the study of factors affecting their activity. For this purpose correlation and regression analysis was used in the work. Conclusion. To study the process of forming and using profits as an object of research, Ltd “Stroyregistr”, which operates in Moscow region, was chosen. As the competitor, Closed Joint Stock Company “SEDO”, which is also carrying out activity in Moscow region, was considered. During the analysis of these organizations, it was revealed that the activity of Ltd “Stroyregistr” is more stable and successful compared to Closed Joint Stock Company “SEDO”, which showed a sharp decline in financial indicators in 2016. However, the value of profitability on net profit in Ltd “Stroyregistr” is lower than the industry average value, which is associated with a low value of the net profit.As a result, the reasons that influenced the low value of net profit were identified. One of the main reasons is the high cost of the rendered services.
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You, Chooi Yin. "The Effect of Working Capital Management on Profitability: Evidence from Malaysian Construction Firms." UNIMAS Review of Accounting and Finance 5, no. 1 (December 17, 2021): 88–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.33736/uraf.3528.2021.
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Working capital management is an essential part of a sound business. The main objective of this research is to investigate the effect of working capital management on profitability. The regression analysis was carried out on a panel sample of 30 construction firms listed on Bursa Malaysia over a five-year period from 2015 to 2019. The findings suggest that there is a significant positive relationship between Days Inventory Outstanding (DIO) and Gross Operating Profit (GOP) as well as a significant negative relationship between Days Payables Outstanding (DPO) and GOP. Thus, firms can maximise their profitability by maintaining higher inventory level and paying off creditors in a shorter time frame.
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Kosygina, Ksenia E., and Vadim S. Kaminsky. "ROLE OF NON-PROFIT ORGANIZATIONS IN INCREASING ELECTORAL ACTIVITY OF CITIZENS." Society and Security Insights 3, no. 3 (August 27, 2020): 90–111. http://dx.doi.org/10.14258/ssi(2020)3-07.
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Citizens participation in elections is the most accessible and effective mechanism for society's influence on the political system. However, the problem of absenteeism (refusal to participate in elections) is currently characteristic for Russia and in particular for the Vologda region, which actualizes the task of determining ways to increase the electoral activity of citizens. One of these methods may be the activities of non-profit organizations. The purpose of the study is to determine the role of non-profit organizations in increasing the electoral activity of citizens. The information base of the study are legislative sources, official statistics, data from sociological surveys: regular monitoring of public opinion of residents of the Vologda region (n = 1500) and an expert survey of heads of non-profit organizations (n = 35). Main methods: system, comparative, statistical and sociological analysis. The key results of the study are as follows: the dominant form of absenteeism in the region is identified (distancing from the government, not its " tacit approval»); it is established that the activities of NPOs have a positive impact on the electoral activity of citizens; a number of recommendations have been formulated for authorities, as well as for non-profit organizations themselves, to involve NPOs in the electoral process.
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Cardilla, Aprilia Louise, Mochamad Muslih, and Dedi Rianto Rahadi. "PENGARUH ARUS KAS OPERASI, UMUR PERUSAHAAN, DAN UKURAN PERUSAHAAN TERHADAP KINERJA PERUSAHAAN PERBANKAN YANG TERDAFTAR DI BURSA EFEK INDONESIA PERIODE 2011-2016." Firm Journal of Management Studies 4, no. 1 (May 3, 2019): 66. http://dx.doi.org/10.33021/firm.v4i1.686.
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<p>Among the 3 (three) cash flows contained in a company, the cash flows from operations are considered to be the most important cash flow in the company and most determine the success of the company in achieving its main objective, namely profit optimally. The purpose of this study was to study the effect of cash flows from operating activities, company size, and company age on company profits. The research method used is the quantitative research method, using the ordinary least square method. The unit of analysis is the company. Sample selection is done purposively. The sample is 12 banking companies listed on the Bursa Effek Indonesia.<br />The results showed that cash flows from operating activities and company size did not have a significant effect on corporate profits. The age variable of the company turned out to have a significant effect on company profits, but the sign or the coefficient was reversed. This means that the older the company age, the lower the company's profit.</p>
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Andi, Muliati, and Rahim Syamsuri. "INTEGRATION OF COST VOLUME PROFIT AND ACTIVITY BASED COSTING IN OBTAINING COST ACCURACY FOR DECISION MAKING." Jurnal RAK (Riset Akuntansi Keuangan) 5, no. 2 (October 30, 2020): 109–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.31002/rak.v5i2.3657.
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his study aims to provide an explanation of how the integration of CVP and ABC can provide results of analysis and information that is more accurate than the traditional CVP on Elegant Photography to be used as a basis for decision making. The method used in this research is descriptive quantitative method by collecting data and information from the research location directly through interviews, observation and documentation. Furthermore, data and information analysis is obtained using cost volume profit analysis tools including break-even analysis, profit planning, margin of safety, shut down point, degree of operating leverage, and contribution margin and Activity based costing. The results obtained from this study provide the availability of more accurate and varied information. The CVP analysis results show the number of break-even points, earnings plans and contribution margins. As well as showing excellent performance in terms of the percentage of MOS and DOL while ABC analysis provides information about better cost accuracy so that the data and information from these two Terk can be the basis for strategic decision making for management