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1
Mansour, Sabria Malika. "Use of Natural Pyrophyllite as Cement Substitution in Ultra Performance Polypropylene Fiber Concrete." International Journal of Engineering Research in Africa 56 (October 4, 2021): 123–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/jera.56.123.
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The present work investigates the use of an alumino-silicate material, the pyrophyllite as cement substitution, synthetic polypropylene fibers and binder to create an unusual ultra-performance fiber concrete; new composite, which offers a wide field of possible use in construction industry. Effect of pyrophyllite on the physical-mechanical properties is analyzed. One reference fiber concrete without pyrophyllite and three fiber concretes containing 10%, 20%, 30% of pyrophyllite were elaborated. Results show that the pyrophyllite affects the characteristics of the concrete. Indeed, in the hardened state, the density of fiber concrete decreased with pyrophyllite rate increasing. Moreover, the use of pyrophyllite slows down the hardening process of concrete, consequently producing at early ages, compressive, flexural and tensile strengths and elastic modulus of concretes approaching without exceeding those of the reference fiber concrete. The fiber concretes are also considered to be of good quality. It seems that the rate of 10 % of pyrophyllite generates the best physical-mechanical performances that approach those of the reference fiber concrete. The use of pyrophyllite as a cement substitution is beneficial since it can help to decrease the production of cement; the amount of CO2 released and protects the environment.
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Kim, Jaehwan, Ki-Tae Park, and Tae Ho Kwon. "Influencing Factors of Steel States in Concrete Based on Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopic Measurements." Applied Sciences 12, no. 24 (December 8, 2022): 12611. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app122412611.
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To cope with the premature deterioration of reinforced concrete structures caused by chloride-induced corrosion, the corrosion rate is required to be estimated and the transport parameters calculated. The electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) technique can evaluate steel corrosion behaviors at different frequencies. However, its capacity to interpret the impedance response of the system (steel embedded in concrete) is still challenged. Although concrete is a good barrier used to secure structural performance, one of the main obstacles associated with electrical measurements relates to the cases in which concrete contains unexpected or invisible variables, such as changes in pore structure induced by the continuous hydration process. In addition, the fact that steel embedded in concrete is controlled during experiments is technically challenging. Due to these limitations, various circuits have been proposed to explain the corrosion behavior of steel in concrete. EIS measurements are very sensitive to small perturbations. During the analysis process of EIS data, it is possible to introduce unexpected errors attributed to variables; thus, the estimated corrosion values based on the analysis rate may be misleading. To overcome the limitations, it is necessary to confirm the impedance responses first in controlled variable cases. In this study, EIS measurements were conducted for active/passive states of steel in concrete in various conditions to minimize variable errors which are likely induced by operators.
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Thiele, Marc, and Stephan Pirskawetz. "Analysis of Damage Evolution in Concrete under Fatigue Loading by Acoustic Emission and Ultrasonic Testing." Materials 15, no. 1 (January 4, 2022): 341. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma15010341.
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The fatigue process of concrete under compressive cyclic loading is still not completely explored. The corresponding damage processes within the material structure are especially not entirely investigated. The application of acoustic measurement methods enables a better insight into the processes of the fatigue in concrete. Normal strength concrete was investigated under compressive cyclic loading with regard to the fatigue process by using acoustic methods in combination with other nondestructive measurement methods. Acoustic emission and ultrasonic signal measurements were applied together with measurements of strains, elastic modulus, and static strength. It was possible to determine the anisotropic character of the fatigue damage caused by uniaxial loading based on the ultrasonic measurements. Furthermore, it was observed that the fatigue damage seems to consist not exclusively of load parallel oriented crack structures. Rather, crack structures perpendicular to the load as well as local compacting are likely components of the fatigue damage. Additionally, the ultrasonic velocity appears to be a good indicator for fatigue damage beside the elastic modulus. It can be concluded that acoustic methods allow an observation of the fatigue process in concrete and a better understanding, especially in combination with further measurement methods.
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Saltos, Armando, Juan Garcés, Linda Ordoñez, Miguel Suarez, and Humberto Guerrero. "Utilización de neumáticos usados como agregado en el hormigón: caso provincia de Santa Elena, Ecuador." Revista Científica y Tecnológica UPSE 4, no. 1 (June 5, 2017): 16–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.26423/rctu.v4i1.235.
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El proyecto encontró un diseño de hormigón con partículas provenientes de neumáticos usados, que después de un proceso de selección, trituración controlada, una dosificación acorde con los parámetros de las normas internacionales de diseño de hormigón del Instituto Americano del Concreto (ACI), la Norma Ecuatoriana de Construcción (NEC), la incorporación de hasta 10 % de caucho triturado como sustituto parcial de agregados gruesos en el diseño de hormigón, se obtienen resultados favorables y de buena resistencia lo que hace que se pueda utilizar cumpliendo todas las normas ecuatorianas de la construcción. También se realizó un ensayo con un 10% de caucho triturado incorporado como sustituto parcial del agregado fino, resultando ser aún más apropiado para fines constructivos y de elaboración de hormigón. En el presente trabajo de investigación se realiza los ensayos como mezclas separadas. Se efectuaron pruebas de vigas con incorporación de agregados gruesos de hasta 15% cumpliendo las normas, pero no se ejecutó una serie completa. Palabras clave: neumático, agregado, hormigón, resistencia.Abstract The project found a concrete design with particles from used tires, which after a selection process, controlled grinding, a dosage in accordance with the parameters of the American Concrete Institute (ICA) international standards of concrete design, Standard (NEC), the incorporation of up to 10% of tired rubber as a partial substitute of coarse aggregates in the concrete design, gives favorable results and good resistance which makes it possible to use all the Ecuadorian standards of the building. A test with 10% of crushed rubber incorporated as a partial substitute of the fine aggregate was also performed, making it even more suitable for construction and concrete processing purposes. In the present research work the tests are performed as separate mixtures. Beams were tested with incorporation of coarse aggregates of up to 15% complying with the standards, but a complete series was not performed.Keywords: Tire, aggregate, concrete, resistance.
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Shi, Yun, Yu Min Zhang, Guang Yuan Weng, and Jian Bo Dai. "Dynamic Elasto-Plastic Analysis of a Hybrid Coupled Wall System." Key Engineering Materials 818 (August 2019): 123–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.818.123.
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In a hybrid coupled wall (HCW), a steel coupling beam with a good shear performance can replace a concrete coupling beam. This is especially applicable for locations in which height restrictions do not permit the use of deep reinforced concrete beams or in which it is not possible to economically develop required capacity, stiffness, or deformation demands with concrete beams. In this study, a new type of connection design with a steel boundary element of hybrid coupled wall (SBE-HCW) was proposed, and a 23-story SBE-HCW structure was analyzed under both gravity and seismic load to examine the seismic performance using ABAQUS. The structural failure process, base shear force, vertex displacement, and damage distribution of core tube were investigated. The analysis results confirmed that the response of specimen exhibited good plastic deformation behavior under seismic, thereby satisfying the demands of seismic ductility design. The connection between the steel coupling beams and the shear walls in the specimen appeared to be intact. The analysis evidence indicated that the proposed connection detailing appeared to be effective.
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Loganina, Valentina, and M. V. Frolov. "Research of Cracking Resistance of Thermal Insulation Coatings for Aerated Concrete." Materials Science Forum 974 (December 2019): 458–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.974.458.
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The high water demand of finishing compositions obtained using expanded perlite and vermiculite sand reduces the crack resistance of the resulting thermal insulation coatings. The use of microspheres as fillers should make it possible to increase the crack resistance of the resulting coatings. The crack resistance of lime heat-insulating coatings for the finishing of aerated concrete obtained using ash microspheres of aluminosilicate and expanded vermiculite sand has been determined. It is established, that coatings obtained using aluminosilicate ash microspheres, are characterized by good crack resistance due to low shrinkage deformations, high ultimate tensile properties and uniform distribution of moisture content in the process of moistening.
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Kurpińska, Marzena, Leszek Kułak, Tadeusz Miruszewski, and Marcin Byczuk. "Application of Artificial Neural Networks to Predict Insulation Properties of Lightweight Concrete." Applied Sciences 11, no. 22 (November 9, 2021): 10544. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app112210544.
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Predicting the properties of concrete before its design and application process allows for refining and optimizing its composition. However, the properties of lightweight concrete are much harder to predict than those of normal weight concrete, especially if the forecast concerns the insulating properties of concrete with artificial lightweight aggregate (LWA). It is possible to use porous aggregates and precisely modify the composition of lightweight concrete (LWC) with specific insulating properties. In this case, it is advisable to determine the parameters of the components and perform preliminary laboratory tests, and then use theoretical methods (e.g., artificial neural networks (ANNs) to predict not only the mechanical properties of lightweight concrete, but also its thermal insulation properties. Fifteen types of lightweight concrete, differing in light filler, were tested. Lightweight aggregates with different grain diameters and lightweight aggregate grains with different porosity were used. For the tests, expanded glass was applied as a filler with very good thermal insulation properties and granulated sintered fly ash, characterized by a relatively low density and high crushing strength in the group of LWAs. The aim of the work is to demonstrate the usefulness of an ANN for the determination of the relationship between the selection of the type and quantity of LWA and porosity, density, compressive strength, and thermal conductivity (TC) of the LWC.
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Pająk, Małgorzata, Małgorzata Krystek, Mateusz Zakrzewski, and Jacek Domski. "Laboratory Investigation and Numerical Modelling of Concrete Reinforced with Recycled Steel Fibers." Materials 14, no. 8 (April 7, 2021): 1828. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14081828.
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In the last decades, fiber reinforced concrete have emerged as the possible key to revolutionize civil engineering. Among different types of fibers employed in concrete technology to date, the application of recycled steel fibers produced from end-of-life car tires appears to be a viable approach towards environmentally friendly construction. In this study, we demonstrate the laboratory research and numerical analysis of concrete reinforced with waste steel fibers recovered during the recycling process of end-of-life car tires. Concrete mixes with the following fiber contents: 0.5%, 0.75%, 1.0%, 1.25%, and 1.5% per volume were prepared and then tested in three-point bending conditions. The laboratory investigation revealed highly boosted properties of concrete under flexure. We further performed the finite element method (FEM) analysis of 2D models using Atena software in order to develop a material model allowing the numerical modelling of recycled steel fibers reinforced concrete (RSFRC) behavior. The parameters of RSFRC material model have been modified using the inverse analysis until matching the experimental performance of the material. The results, being in good agreement with the laboratory investigation, have indicated a high potential of RSFRC for real scale construction applications.
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Sadovskaya, E. A., and S. N. Leonovich. "Optimization of Composition of Nanofiber Concrete in Terms of Fracture Toughness by Matrix Modifiсation." Science & Technique 21, no. 6 (December 9, 2022): 499–503. http://dx.doi.org/10.21122/2227-1031-2022-21-6-499-503.
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Concrete is a quasi-brittle building material that has low tensile strength. The process of its destruction under loading is inhomogeneous, due to the nature of the concrete structure mass, consisting of components with different physical and mechanical properties. Gradual deformation and destruction can be characterized as a process of formation and development of microcracks. The presence of different-sized components in concrete makes it possible to consider its structure as a multi-level system. In this system, each level is a matrix with its own structural inclusions, which play both a structure-forming role and the role of stress concentrators under the action of mechanical loads. The critical stress intensity factor is a good indicator of the crack resistance (fracture toughness) of a material. Nanoconcrete, from the point of view of a multilevel system, is a concrete composite with crack propagation inhibitors at the level of the cementing substance (carbon nanotubes are consi-dered as inhibitors). The presence of fiber fibers at subsequent scale levels allows us to consider concrete as a composite with multi-level dispersed reinforcement (nanofiber concrete). The paper discusses the change of concrete fracture toughness indicator (crack resistance) with dispersed reinforcement of the matrix at different structural levels. The presented for normal separation of notched cubes under eccentric compression with the determination of the stress intensity factor for concrete modified with carbon nanotubes acting as crack propagation inhibitors at the level of cementing substance (nanoconcrete), as well as for nanofiber concrete with dispersed reinforcement at the level of fine-grained concrete. Based on experimental studies by non-equilibrium methods of fracture mechanics, compositions of nanofiber-reinforced concrete of maximum crack resistance (fracture toughness) with different fiber concentrations and several types of matrices modified with nanocarbon additives are proposed in the paper.
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Filipović, Sandra, Snezana Marinković, and Dimitrije Zakić. "Environmental assessment of copper slag aggregate concrete." Gradjevinski materijali i konstrukcije 65, no. 2 (2022): 57–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/grmk2202057f.
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Due to the extremely large global production and utilization of concrete, the concrete industry is considered a large consumer of energy and natural resources and one of the main sources of greenhouse emissions and waste generation. Reducing its impacts on the environment is one of the most important paths toward sustainable construction development. Replacing cement and natural aggregates with byproducts and waste from other industries is one possible way of achieving this goal. On the other hand, the disposal of industrial waste, which arises from the pyrometallurgical process of copper production, presents a significant environmental load in many developed countries. Research performed so far has shown that concrete made with aggregate obtained from cooper slag instead of natural aggregate can be produced with good physical-mechanical properties for various applications. In this work, a cradle-to-gate Life Cycle Assessment of several concrete mixtures where part of the coarse natural aggregate was replaced with copper slag aggregate was performed. The conducted case study was based on Serbian LCI data and local conditions in the vicinity of the town of Bor in Serbia. Results showed that such concrete mixtures can bring environmental benefits regarding natural aggregate preservation and waste reduction if the transport distance of copper slag aggregates is smaller than 20 km. Therefore, from the environmental protection point-of-view, local application of such concrete is recommended.
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Alrayes, Omar, Carsten Könke, Ean Tat Ooi, and Khader M. Hamdia. "Modeling Cyclic Crack Propagation in Concrete Using the Scaled Boundary Finite Element Method Coupled with the Cumulative Damage-Plasticity Constitutive Law." Materials 16, no. 2 (January 16, 2023): 863. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma16020863.
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Many concrete structures, such as bridges and wind turbine towers, fail mostly due to the fatigue rapture and bending, where the cracks are initiated and propagate under cyclic loading. Modeling the fracture process zone (FPZ) is essential to understanding the cracking behavior of heterogeneous, quasi-brittle materials such as concrete under monotonic and cyclic actions. The paper aims to present a numerical modeling approach for simulating crack growth using a scaled boundary finite element model (SBFEM). The cohesive traction law is explored to model the stress field under monotonic and cyclic loading conditions. In doing so, a new constitutive law is applied within the cohesive response. The cyclic damage accumulation during loading and unloading is formulated within the thermodynamic framework of the constitutive concrete model. We consider two common problems of three-point bending of a single-edge-notched concrete beam subjected to different loading conditions to validate the developed method. The simulation results show good agreement with experimental test measurements from the literature. The presented analysis can provide a further understanding of crack growth and damage accumulation within the cohesive response, and the SBFEM makes it possible to identify the fracture behavior of cyclic crack propagation in concrete members.
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Zhang, Li Png, Suo Qing Yu, and Li Yong Ni. "Heat Treatment Process and Optimization of Shooting Nails." Advanced Materials Research 787 (September 2013): 450–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.787.450.
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Shooting nails are mainly applied to fix thin reinforced concrete and steel plate, so the nails should have high hardness and high toughness. Unreasonable heat treatment process could possibly cause too high hardness and decreased toughness, leading to nail cracking and fracture in the course of production and use. Research on heat treatment process through experimental study on the nail determines the reasonable heat treatment process of nail. The feasible quenching heating temperature was 847~840 °C, and the temperature of salt bath during isothermal cooling was 292 °C. Its resultant hardness was 680HV, meeting the requirements of the use of nails. The shoot nail cracking and fracture in the course of use can be avoided effectively. The microstructure of shooting nails after heat treatment showed lower bainite, which contributed to good mechanical properties.
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Et. al., Dr Sarvesh,. "Investigative Study of Partial Replacement of Cement with Bio-Cement, Fly Ash and Natural Pozzolans." Turkish Journal of Computer and Mathematics Education (TURCOMAT) 12, no. 1S (April 11, 2021): 432–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.17762/turcomat.v12i1s.1891.
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Concrete is usually a combination of cement, coarse particles (aggregates and Sand) and water. It is used to design and improve the infrastructures.It is used to design and improve the infrastructures. Concrete has many advantages and disadvantage. The main property that is characteristic to a concrete’s workability is its compressive strength. Only through this single test, one can judge if cementing has been done appropriately. Possible advancements for development include the use of non-traditional and creative materials, and the reuse of waste materials with a specific end goal to replenish the absence of specific assets and to discover alternative ways to monitor the Earth..This investigation concentrate on Compressive strength, flexural and split tensile strength of Conventional Concrete (CC) and Class C fly ash remains with bio-cement and natural pozzolans to consider the impact of bio-concrete with blend extents of 0%,0.25%,0.5%,1% and 1.5% on quality properties. Moreover, effective self-healing usually occurred due to the use of polymers, microorganism and additional cementing material. It is the key issue to find out the self-healing efficiency’s effect to sealing the crack width successfully. And good resistance was observed during the bacterial chemical process against the freeze and thaw attacks.
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Wang, Ye, and Guosong Wu. "Improving Corrosion Resistance of Magnesium Alloy in Cl- Containing Simulated Concrete Pore Solution by Ultrasound-Assisted Chemical Deposition." Scanning 2021 (July 16, 2021): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/5462741.
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Coatings are playing an important role in corrosion mitigation of magnesium alloys, and in this study, a facile and eco-friendly chemical deposition process is proposed to improve the corrosion resistance of magnesium-neodymium alloys. The mixture of 1.5 mol/L KH2PO4 solution and 1.2 mol/L CaCl2 solution is used for reaction solution, and ultrasound is introduced into the process for assisting the chemical deposition. After 40 minutes of the surface treatment, the surface and cross-sectional morphologies are observed by scanning electron microscope (SEM), which reveals that a layer of dense coating is formed on Mg alloy. Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) and X-ray Diffraction (XRD) are further combined to analyze the coating, and it is thereby confirmed that this coating mainly consists of CaHPO4·2H2O. Electrochemical tests and soaking experiments are conducted to evaluate the corrosion resistance of the treated samples in simulated concrete pore solutions. Both the untreated and treated samples have a good corrosion resistance in the Cl- free simulated concrete pore solution, but their corrosion behavior is influenced by the introduction of Cl- in this study. Fortunately, the coating can protect the substrate effectively in the Cl- containing simulated concrete pore solution. In summary, it provides a possible way for magnesium alloys to improve their corrosion resistance when they are used in building engineering.
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Freddi, Francesco, and Elio Sacco. "Mortar Joints Influence in Debonding of Masonry Element Strengthened with FRP." Key Engineering Materials 624 (September 2014): 197–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.624.197.
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The effects of mortars joints in masonry substrate reinforced with FRP is investigated from the numerical point of view. The analysis has been conducted by means of a new interface model specifically developed to reproduce the debonding process occurring between an elastic thin body in adhesion with a cohesive support material, as concrete or masonry. The model accounts for mode I and mode II of failure, considering the effect of the in-plane deformation of the interface, i.e. the possible elongation or confinement of the material constituting the interface. Numerical results are compared with experimental evidences showing the good performances of the proposed model in investigating the transferring phenomena in heterogeneous interfaces and, in particular, in studying the influence of the presence of mortar joints in the masonry texture in the debonding process.
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Ahamad, Mohd Sanusi S., and Elly Nur Myaisara Maizul. "Digital Analysis of Geo-Referenced Concrete Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) Images." Civil and Environmental Engineering Reports 30, no. 2 (June 1, 2020): 65–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/ceer-2020-0020.
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AbstractThe microstructural evaluation of complex cementitious materials has been made possible by the microscopic imaging tools such as Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) and X-Ray Microanalysis. Particularly, the application of concrete SEM imaging and digital image analysis have become common in the analysis and mapping of concrete technology. In this study, six samples of two-dimensional (2D) SEM images were spatially resampled to produce Geo-referenced SEM sample images. Subsequently, they were analyzed and the intensity histogram plot was produced to facilitate visual interpretation. The consecutive digital image analysis performed was the enhancement and noise removal process using two filtering methods i.e. median and adaptive box filter. The filtered resampled images, then undergone the unsupervised K-Means classification process to collectively separate each individual pixel corresponds to the spectral data. By spatial segmentation of K-Means algorithms, the cluster groups generated were carefully reviewed before proceeding to the final analysis. From the resulting data, the mapping of the spatial distribution of k-cluster and the quantification of micro-cracks (voids) were performed. The results of the SEM images (1st - 4th sample) showed a higher percentage of k-cluster data indicating a good correlation with the major elemental composition of EDX analysis, namely Oxide (O), Silicon (Si) and Carbon (C). Meanwhile, the subjective visual assessment of the image (5th and 6th sample) has confirmed the micro-crack developments on the concrete SEM images upon which the crack density was 3.02 % and 1.30 %, respectively.
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Hu, Jing You, Jian Bin Xie, Wei Li, and Cheng Hui Li. "Research on the United Supporting Structure of Piled Anchor and Reinforced Concrete Internal Bracing for City Deep Foundation Pit under Complex Surroundings." Advanced Materials Research 261-263 (May 2011): 1270–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.261-263.1270.
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In this paper, according to the hydrogeology and the surrounding of a 20 meters depth city deep foundation pit which has complex surrounding, the united supporting structure of piled anchor and reinforced concrete internal bracing for this foundation pit was proposed based on the reality that some underground space in surrounding of the foundation pit can not be used. Then according to the possible construction process for foundation pit, the stability of the united supporting structure was calculated and analyzed based on the characteristics of piled anchor and internal bracing. And a case project to support a deep foundation pit by using the united supporting structure of piled anchor and reinforced concrete internal bracing was introduced subsequently. The study results show that the 20 meters depth city deep foundation pit stabilizes integrally when the foundation pit is supported by the united supporting structure. The results also show that settlement of the pit’s surrounding shallow ground is very small, and water-stop curtain of this pit has good performance on piping resistance. It is also certified that the united supporting structure of piled anchor and reinforced concrete internal bracing can meet to the operating requirements of underground space in surrounding.
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Steensma, Herman, and René van der Vlist. "Action Research to Reduce Sickness Absenteeism." Concepts and Transformation 3, no. 3 (January 1, 1998): 179–206. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/cat.3.3.02ste.
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An action research program was started in two Dutch concrete construction factories to reduce absenteeism due to sickness. Representatives of workers and managers analyzed all possible causes of absenteeism. This process was guided by the action researchers, who also explained theoretical models. Smaller working parties were then formed to formulate proposals for action. The working parties consisted of workers and foremen. Top management set aside a budget for improving the work environment. The communication structure in the organization was improved, especially by encouraging two-way communication and by creating more opportunities for workers to have their say and to participate. Care was taken to ensure a good fit between the absenteeism program and a Quality Control Program. The program succeeded in drastically reducing sickness absenteeism. The change process is described, with special attention to theoretical models and to the characteristics of action research.
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Anania, Laura, Antonio Badalà, and Giuseppe D'Agata. "Experimental Investigation on Mix Designed HSC HSFRC Specimens Perfomed with Volcanic Aggregate." Advanced Materials Research 753-755 (August 2013): 591–603. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.753-755.591.
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The selection of mix proportion is the process of choosing suitable ingredients of concrete and determine their quantities with the object of producing as economically as possible concrete of notably strength. The current paper deals with the mix design of both an HSC and HSFRC constituted by volcanic aggregates from the quarries of Eastern Sicily in Italy. The mix design was carried out on eight different concrete mixtures by using the theoretical model developed by Feret – De Larrard’s and it is capable of simulating the experimental compressive strength. The HSFRC mixtures consider different volume fractions of fibers equal to 0% (HRC), 0.5% and 2% (HSFRC). Straight Polyvinylalcohol (PVA) and hooked-end steel fibers (ACC) were the two types of fibers employed in the study. Compression and tensile tests were carried out on specimens performed according to UNI codes in order to validate the mixture proportion method adopted. The HSFRC (0.5%) mixtures did not show great differences in mechanical performance by any variation of the fiber type (steel or PVA). The mechanical properties obtained by experimental tests give back a very good accordance with the theoretical prediction of the mix design procedure adopted, and with the data reported in the literature in terms of toughness.
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Zhou, Shu, Rong Hu Zhang, and Yong Zhong. "The Novel Methods of Software Architecture Based on the UML and B Methods." Advanced Materials Research 121-122 (June 2010): 215–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.121-122.215.
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The paper proposed a novel methods of Software Architecture Based on the UML and B methods in order to solve the aspects of the architecture of the Statute strengths and weaknesses of existing language software architecture. By the defined rules will be relatively independent of each other sub-components or connections to the executable code refinement. Finally, a concrete example to verify the feasibility of the method. The method is entirely possible refinement in the software architecture, the process of implementation, both retained the use of a systematic analysis of UML design system modeling capabilities and powerful object-oriented model of clear and concise notation, but also against the software model can be formalized The refinement process of validation, the combination of these two methods found a good balance point, making software architecture allows us to design the same time, the architecture design can ensure the consistency and reliability.
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Hashish, M., and D. C. Echert. "Abrasive-Waterjet Deep Kerfing and Waterjet Surface Cleaning for Nuclear Facilities." Journal of Engineering for Industry 111, no. 3 (August 1, 1989): 269–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.3188759.
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A deep kerf tool was designed to cut through the thick, reinforced concrete structures of nuclear facilities to help make the decommissioning process more efficient. Abrasive-waterjet (AWJ) cutting technology is used as the basis of the system. The cutting tool has a rotary nozzle that directs a high-pressure AWJ in a circular pattern. The circular pattern and the angle of jet impact create a slot wider in diameter than the tool itself as the tool moves across the face of the concrete. This makes it possible to insert the tool into the slot and create a deep cut for each pass along it until the desired depth is reached. In this testing program, concrete as thick as 1.5 meters was cut through from one side. The cutting rate of the tool ranges from 0.2 to 0.6 m2/hr. The tool employs a computer-controlled traverse mechanism with a simple device that can detect obstacles, such as uncut reinforcing bars (rebar) or hard aggregate. An electronic sensor system to identify, in real-time, when rebar is being cut was developed and tested with good results. A cleaner/scarifier tool for removing the surface layers of contaminated concrete and decontaminating metal surface was also designed and tested. It uses ultrahigh-pressure waterjets mounted on a rotating arm to remove or clean the target surface. Concrete can be scarified to a depth of 7 mm at a rate of 11 m2/hr. Concrete and metal surfaces can be cleaned of paint and corrosion at a rate of 33 m2/hr. Spoils recovery using a shroud/vacuum system is more than 99 percent for each tool.
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Ganev, Ilia, and Valeri Lazarov. "The Nature And Solution Of Ethno-Political Conflicts. Bulgarian Experience." International conference KNOWLEDGE-BASED ORGANIZATION 21, no. 2 (June 1, 2015): 582–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/kbo-2015-0099.
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Abstract In the beginning of the 21st century, the international community tries to do its best in order to guarantee that our civilization, entering the new millennium, puts an end to any form of domination of one peoples over another, to the reasons for such domination, and to the whole idea of inequality. Ethno-political conflict appears to be a permanent form of social and political struggle in the modern world. No major region is free from it. In its more acute manifestation, it may turn into murderous, destructive violence. Bulgarian ethnic model is a concrete historical concept. This is a specific way to find a way out of the impasse of Interethnic relations in which the “revival process” was plunged the country. Bulgarian ethnic model is a transformation of the ethnic contradictions and conflicts in the political process, which neutralize them and makes it possible to restore good neighborly relations in the everyday life of Christians and Muslims before the start of the conflict situation.
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Kaplan, Gökhan, Hasbi Yaprak, Selçuk Memiş, and Abdoslam Alnkaa. "Artificial Neural Network Estimation of the Effect of Varying Curing Conditions and Cement Type on Hardened Concrete Properties." Buildings 9, no. 1 (January 3, 2019): 10. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings9010010.
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The use of mineral admixtures and industrial waste as a replacement for Portland cement is recognized widely for its energy efficiency along with reduced CO2 emissions. The use of materials such as fly ash, blast-furnace slag or limestone powder in concrete production makes this process a sustainable one. This study explored a number of hardened concrete properties, such as compressive strength, ultrasonic pulse velocity, dynamic elasticity modulus, water absorption and depth of penetration under varying curing conditions having produced concrete samples using Portland cement (PC), slag cement (SC) and limestone cement (LC). The samples were produced at 0.63 and 0.70 w/c (water/cement) ratios. Hardened concrete samples were then cured under three conditions, namely standard (W), open air (A) and sealed plastic bag (B). Although it was found that the early-age strength of slag cement was lower, it was improved significantly on 90th day. In terms of the effect of curing conditions on compressive strength, cure W offered the highest compressive strength, as expected, while cure A offered slightly lower compressive strength levels. An increase in the w/c ratio was found to have a negative impact on pozzolanic reactions, which resulted in poor hardened concrete properties. Furthermore, carbonation effect was found to have positive effects on some of the concrete properties, and it was observed to have improved the depth of water penetration. Moreover, it was possible to estimate the compressive strength with high precision using artificial neural networks (ANN). The values of the slopes of the regression lines for training, validating and testing datasets were 0.9881, 0.9885 and 0.9776, respectively. This indicates the high accuracy of the developed model as well as a good correlation between the predicted compressive strength values and the experimental (measured) ones.
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Kvocak, Vincent, Daniel Dubecky, and Viktoria Kozlejova. "Experimental Verification of Design Models in a Static and Dynamic Loading Test." Key Engineering Materials 763 (February 2018): 394–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.763.394.
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Nowadays more and more often investors and constructors are building constructions by combining two of the most common materials: reinforced concrete and steel. By understanding their behavior we can squeeze a mountain of used material with better results. They make it possible to take advantage of good mechanical properties of concrete in compression and steel in tension. One of the commonest types of composite structures is deck bridges with encased filler beams. These types of construction have been employed in Slovakia and all over Europe without any major change since the beginning of the 19th century. Several steel sections of modified shapes and dimensions were designed and tested in the Laboratories of the Institute of Structural Engineering at the Technical University in Košice. The main goal was to design and experiment with deck bridges made of various sections so as to maximise their cost-effectiveness by reducing the amount of steel consumed. Based on theoretical analyses, specimens were prepared in the laboratory, consisting of a variety of fully encased steel sections. It was cast into the prepared steel formwork placed on a fixed bearing plate so as to prevent deflection of composite beams during the concreting process.
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Brajdić, Igor, Tomislav Jurković, and Sandra Pokos. "USING DECISION-PROCESS ANALYSIS IN OPTIMISING PROBLEM SOLVING IN TOURISM MARKETING." Tourism and hospitality management 12, no. 1 (May 2006): 67–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.20867/thm.12.1.5.
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For the range of problem situations belonging to tourism marketing, specific methods and techniques have been designed with the aim of making these situations easier to resolve. In addition to using such methods and techniques, it is possible to optimise the quality of resolving problem situations in tourism marketing through consistent adherence to the stages constituting the decision-making process in its broader sense. In analysing problem situations in marketing through the stages of decision-making, focus is placed on the client as the consumer of services in tourism. Such an approach has been realised in several tourism enterprises in Croatia in concrete cases in the field of promotion and procurement as a part of the marketing function. Overbooking and the level of communication among employees are standard problems encountered in hotel companies. The study has shown that the lack of communication within and between company levels is the reason why these problems are greater than they should be. The theoretical aspects of the decision process have been applied to the case of purchasing commercial goods, providing a better understanding of the process of purchasing commercial goods.
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Obonya, Juraj, and Miroslav Kadlečík. "Assessing the Intensity of the Usability of the Course Content within the Virtual Learning Environment." International Journal of Emerging Technologies in Learning (iJET) 15, no. 17 (September 11, 2020): 165. http://dx.doi.org/10.3991/ijet.v15i17.13715.
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Nowadays, education is a complex process that has many advantages. This is obvi-ously proven, as there are high demands on skills in today’s world. Therefore, it is a good approach to acquire this knowledge during the studies. Therefore, the re-quirement is aimed at the constantly improving and acquiring new experiences. In order to meet as many of these parameters as possible, it is important that we have an appropriately structured environment for students. The teaching process can be interpreted in several ways. In our research, we focus mainly on teaching through e-learning systems. Obviously, these supporting systems have many advanced func-tionalities to help make the whole learning process much easier to understand. In our work, we focus on methods and approaches by which we can evaluate student be-haviour and we can measure the justified course settings. We explored various man-agerial settings inside a concrete course structure. Subsequently there will be statistical evaluation of already cleaned and preprocessed data from the system. At the same time, based on these statistical confirmations, we can propose a set of methodologi-cal recommendations for the teacher, which will help us to improve the quality and effectiveness of the teaching process.
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Logoń, Dominik, Krzysztof Schabowicz, Maciej Roskosz, and Krzysztof Fryczowski. "The Increase in the Elastic Range and Strengthening Control of Quasi Brittle Cement Composites by Low-Module Dispersed Reinforcement: An Assessment of Reinforcement Effects." Materials 14, no. 2 (January 12, 2021): 341. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14020341.
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This paper presents the possibility of using low-module polypropylene dispersed reinforcement (E = 4.9 GPa) to influence the load-deflection correlation of cement composites. Problems have been indicated regarding the improvement of elastic range by using that type of fibre as compared with a composite without reinforcement. It was demonstrated that it was possible to increase the ability to carry stress in the Hooke’s law proportionality range in mortar and paste types of composites reinforced with low-module fibres, i.e., Vf = 3% (in contrast to concrete composites). The possibility of having good strengthening and deflection control in order to limit the catastrophic destruction process was confirmed. In this paper, we identify the problem of deformation assessment in composites with significant deformation capacity. Determining the effects of reinforcement based on a comparison with a composite without fibres is suggested as a reasonable approach as it enables the comparison of results obtained by various universities with different research conditions.
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Sannicandro, Katia, Annamaria De Santis, Claudia Bellini, and Tommaso Minerva. "Blended learning design for teaching innovation: university teachers’ perceptions." Research on Education and Media 13, no. 2 (December 1, 2021): 36–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/rem-2021-0011.
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Abstract In the Italian university context, almost all universities offer blended degree courses, digital environments and e-learning systems. In many cases, dedicated centres also provide technical support and, less frequently, teaching and methodological support. The development of digital learning environments often does not correspond to the spread of an effective culture of educational innovation in university courses. The research examined the experiences of instructional design among 44 university teachers of blended degree courses at the University of Modena and Reggio Emilia. The analysis focused on teachers’ level of satisfaction and the processes of teaching innovation linked to the blended methodology, investigating also the possible criticalities and strengths related to the process of (re)design and innovation. The activities of training and design for teachers contributed to the dissemination of good teaching practices and professional development. In line with what emerged from the research on blended learning, it seems necessary to build a framework for the adoption and implementation of ‘blended learning’ strategies at the institutional level, starting from the construction of a concrete agenda setting shared between the actors of the innovation process.
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Pavlović, Ana, Ted Donchev, Diana Petkova, Mukesh Limbachiya, and Refad Almuhaisen. "Pretensioned BFRP reinforced concrete beams: Flexural behaviour and estimation of initial prestress losses." MATEC Web of Conferences 289 (2019): 09001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201928909001.
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Fibre Reinforced Polymers (FRP) are becoming a popular reinforcement option for RC elements mainly due to good strength to weight ratio and resistance to corrosion. The main limitation for their wider application is their relatively low Young’s modulus, which results in unfavourable serviceability performance, in terms of early development of deflections and cracks. Among others, prestressing has been suggested as one of the possible approaches to addressing this issue, with encouraging results from research conducted so far. This experimental study aimed to explore prestress losses of basalt fibre reinforced polymer (BFRP) reinforced pretensioned concrete beams. Five beams were produced, three of them internally reinforced with 6mm diameter BFRP bars, pretensioned to 20%, 30% and 40% of the ultimate load level of prestress. Additionally, two beams, acting as control samples, were reinforced with unprestressed BFRP and steel bars of same cross-sectional area, respectively. The dimensions of all samples were 125x200x1900 mm. Prestress losses were monitored with the aid of strain gauges attached to the reinforcing bars, as well as load cells. The strain readings were continuously taken during the pretensioning process, from initial application of the prestressing force, during casting and curing of concrete, until releasing of the beams from prestressing devices after curing. Ultimately, all samples were subjected to a quasi-static, load-controlled, four-point bending test until destruction. The results provide the information about the flexural behaviour of pretensioned BFRP reinforced beams, along with insight into some of the initial prestress losses of these elements.
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Kamau, John, Ash Ahmed, Paul Hirst, and Joseph Kangwa. "Suitability of Anthill Soil as a Supplementary Cementitious Material." European Journal of Engineering Research and Science 3, no. 7 (July 17, 2018): 5. http://dx.doi.org/10.24018/ejers.2018.3.7.785.
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Cement is the most utilised construction material and the second most consumed commodity in the world after water. It has been reported that the heavily energy-intensive processes that are involved in its production contribute about 7 to 10% to the total global anthropogenic carbon dioxide (CO2), which is the main cause of global warming; and are expensive economically. It is however possible, that energy and cost efficiency can be achieved by reducing on the amount of cement, and in its place utilizing Supplementary Cementitious Materials (SCMs), which require less process heating and emit fewer levels of CO2. This work aimed to provide an original contribution to the body of knowledge by investigating the suitability of Anthill Soil (AHS) as an SCM by testing for pozzolanic or hydraulic properties. Cement was replaced in concrete with AHS by weight at 0%, 5%, 7.5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25%, and 30% steps at the point of need. The 0% replacement was used as the reference point from which performances were measured. The chemical composition analysis by X-ray diffraction (XRD) showed that AHS contained the required chemical composition for pozzolans, while the compressive strengths achieved were above strength classes that are specified as being suitable for structural applications. The increase in compressive strength over time, density and workability behaviors of AHS were consistent with the characteristics of SCMs. All results across the tests showed good repeatability, highlighting the potential of using AHS as an SCM in concrete to enhance the sustainability and economic aspect of concrete, while at the same time improving its properties in both the wet and hardened states.
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Kamau, John, Ash Ahmed, Paul Hirst, and Joseph Kangwa. "Suitability of Anthill Soil as a Supplementary Cementitious Material." European Journal of Engineering and Technology Research 3, no. 7 (July 17, 2018): 5–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.24018/ejeng.2018.3.7.785.
Full textAbstract:
Cement is the most utilised construction material and the second most consumed commodity in the world after water. It has been reported that the heavily energy-intensive processes that are involved in its production contribute about 7 to 10% to the total global anthropogenic carbon dioxide (CO2), which is the main cause of global warming; and are expensive economically. It is however possible, that energy and cost efficiency can be achieved by reducing on the amount of cement, and in its place utilizing Supplementary Cementitious Materials (SCMs), which require less process heating and emit fewer levels of CO2. This work aimed to provide an original contribution to the body of knowledge by investigating the suitability of Anthill Soil (AHS) as an SCM by testing for pozzolanic or hydraulic properties. Cement was replaced in concrete with AHS by weight at 0%, 5%, 7.5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25%, and 30% steps at the point of need. The 0% replacement was used as the reference point from which performances were measured. The chemical composition analysis by X-ray diffraction (XRD) showed that AHS contained the required chemical composition for pozzolans, while the compressive strengths achieved were above strength classes that are specified as being suitable for structural applications. The increase in compressive strength over time, density and workability behaviors of AHS were consistent with the characteristics of SCMs. All results across the tests showed good repeatability, highlighting the potential of using AHS as an SCM in concrete to enhance the sustainability and economic aspect of concrete, while at the same time improving its properties in both the wet and hardened states.
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Berneis, Moritz, Devis Bartsch, and Herwig Winkler. "Applications of Blockchain Technology in Logistics and Supply Chain Management—Insights from a Systematic Literature Review." Logistics 5, no. 3 (June 30, 2021): 43. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/logistics5030043.
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The most successful applications of Blockchain Technology are still in the area of crypto-currencies, although both scientists and practitioners have discovered the potential of Blockchain Technology in Supply Chain Management. There is a significant theoretical literature on Blockchain Technology, but there exists a lack of published case studies and concrete examples. This paper discusses whether this shortcoming is due to insufficient added value of the technology and identifies other possible reasons. Furthermore, this paper introduces Blockchain Technology, describes the origins of Bitcoin, the structure and core properties of the Blockchain, and examines smart contracts. A comprehensive and structured literature analysis identifies concepts for the use of Blockchain Technology in logistics in terms of economic benefits. Additionally, a cluster analysis regarding the topics of the relevant literature was conducted. One finding of the study is that Blockchain Technology is particularly worthwhile for goods with a high value. Moreover, if the trade volume of the respective goods is low, the advantages of BCT are maximized. At the same time, the demand for transparency and immutability of data must be more important than the protection of sensitive data. In addition to concrete use cases of Blockchains, an exemplary logistics process will be presented within the Luxury Supply Chain, showing the advantages of Blockchain Technology for each individual process step.
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Surono, Surono, Eka Danik Prahastiwi, and Kabul Suprayitno. "Konsep Pendidikan Generasi Anak Shalih (Analisis Buku Mendidik Anak Bersama Nabi Karya Muhammad Nur Abdul Suwaid)." ALSYS 2, no. 5 (September 17, 2022): 578–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.58578/alsys.v2i5.530.
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Parenting is a behavior or way that parents do in educating their children. Children are safe and it is the responsibility of parents to be educated and cared for as well as possible. It is parents who will determine the development and future of children later. Parents can imitate the parenting applied by the Prophet Muhammad. He is a messenger of Allah SWT, a role model and a concrete example in educating Islamic children. One of the books that examines the upbringing of the Prophet Muhammad is the book Educating with the Prophet Saw by Muhammad Nur Abdul Hafizh Suwaid. The purpose of this research is to reveal the upbringing of the Prophet Muhammad in the book Educating Children with the Prophet SAW Mendidik. The type of research that the author uses in this research is library research library research. In the process of data analysis techniques the author uses document analysis. The results showed that the method of educating children like Rasulullah SAW contained in the book Mendidik Bersama Nabi SAW by Muhammad Nur Abdul Hafizh Suwaid that can be followed includes good examples, the right time to provide guidance, Being fair and equal to children, Fulfilling rights Children, Pray for children, Buy children's toys, Help children to do good and obey, Do not criticize children.
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Trovato, F., G. Intrevado, P. Pezzano, and G. Lugli. "Reinforced Soil Structures: From Standard Design to BIM." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 1260, no. 1 (October 1, 2022): 012034. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/1260/1/012034.
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Abstract Building Information Modeling (BIM) emerges as a new process for the architectural, structural, engineering and construction sectors. It is based on three-dimensional (3D) parametric models which centralizes geometrical, physical and project information. The implementation of BIM within the Geotechnical Engineering sector has not reached yet a good level of robustness, frequently appearing as a new concept. BIM methodology in geotechnics and in the design of Reinforced Soil Structures (RSS) represents an opportunity which could enable the AECO world (Architecture, Engineering, Construction, Owner and Operator) to implement the infrastructural BIM, managing complex projects. With BIM, it is possible to improve the construction quality and reduce the wastage of the supplied materials as it allows an overview of the construction models through multidimensional digital design solutions which provide simulation and analysis by using different design software. This paper aims to clarify issues which might arise during the BIM design of RSS. In particular, this paper presents the case of a Mechanically Stabilized Earth (MSE) wall which comprises precast concrete facing panels and discrete high adherence polymeric soil reinforcing strips. The application of BIM technology in this research provides guidelines for design optimization and construction improvement.
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Mantini, Alessandro. "Technological Sustainability and Artificial Intelligence Algor-ethics." Sustainability 14, no. 6 (March 9, 2022): 3215. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14063215.
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Since 2018, a new terminology has been developed, called Algor-ethics, indicating the necessity for a dedicated study concerning the evaluation of an ethics applied to technology, to Algorithms and to Artificial Intelligence (AI). At the same time, since 1987, when the concept of sustainability was introduced, the discussion on this issue has become increasingly lively and has now spread to every area of life. In this paper, we would like to propose an application of the concept of sustainability to technological processes and in particular to the elaboration of AI systems. To reach this goal we will first try to build an ethical framework, here called Dynamical Techno-Algor-Ethical Composition, to define the interaction between the most important ethical ingredients involving the human person in relation to technology, taking a person-centered approach. Out of this will emerge a possible structure and definition of Technological Sustainability. The second step will consist of evaluating the process for the elaboration of an AI algorithm as a concrete application of the previously analyzed framework, to set ethical contents composing what we might call a good and sustainable algorithm.
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Deng, Jun, and Pei Yan Huang. "Main Crack Propagation Behaviour of RC Beams Strengthened with CFRP under Fatigue Load." Key Engineering Materials 462-463 (January 2011): 791–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.462-463.791.
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The fatigue performance and durability of the reinforced concrete (RC) beams strengthened with fibre reinforced polymer (FRP) laminates is an advanced research topic in civil engineering. The crack propagation life is the dominant part of the whole fatigue life of the cracked RC members strengthened with FRP laminates under cyclic loads. In this paper, a theoretical and experimental study was conducted to investigate the rule of the fatigue crack propagation of the RC beams strengthened with carbon FRP (CFRP) under constant cyclic bending load. A total of 5 RC beams with sizes 1850×100×200mm strengthened with CFRP were tested. The results show that it is possible to divide the process of the crack propagation into three distinct phases, including crack initiation and then quickly propagation (Phase I), stable propagation and then rest (Phase II) and unstable propagation (Phase III). In accordance with Paris-Erdogan Law, a semi-empirical equation was developed to predict the crack propagation rate. The empirical coefficients of the equation were obtained from the fatigue test results. To validate this equation, the predicted fatigue life of crack propagation calculated by it is compared with the data obtained from tests. It shows the agreement is good.
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Schmid, Anna, and Krisztián Herczeg. "CREATING FUTURES: RESIDENTIAL CARE HOMES IN HUNGARY AND SWITZERLAND COLLABORATIVELY DEVELOP THEIR CAPACITY TO EMPOWER CHILDREN AND YOUTH TO ACTIVELY REALISE THEIR OWN FUTURES." International Journal of Child, Youth and Family Studies 9, no. 1 (March 19, 2018): 132. http://dx.doi.org/10.18357/ijcyfs91201818124.
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Child and youth homes in Hungary and Switzerland want to increase the chances that the approximately 1,000 children and youth in their care will transition well from residential care to other settings, will be fully included in society, and will live lives that they have reason to value. Key to this objective is the empowerment of the children and youth to take their development into their own hands, to develop ideas of a possible future, and to pursue these ideas actively and sustainably. In the project “Creating Futures”, these homes plan to collect knowledge from children, youth, staff, and managers, as well as from the literature; to develop a framework of analysis to identify current good practices, and potentials for further development; and to implement a concrete pilot project in each home. Evaluations of the learning and development process and dissemination of publications complete the project. Throughout, there will be a strong focus on the voice of children and youth. Collaborating as a community of practice and within the context of expert network FICE International, the homes will make use of their diversity for stimulating learning and development on the individual, professional, and organisational levels. This paper describes the emergence and design of the planned project.
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Barrachina-Fernández, Mercedes, Ana María Maitín, Carmen Sánchez-Ávila, and Juan Pablo Romero. "Wearable Technology to Detect Motor Fluctuations in Parkinson’s Disease Patients: Current State and Challenges." Sensors 21, no. 12 (June 18, 2021): 4188. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21124188.
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Monitoring of motor symptom fluctuations in Parkinson’s disease (PD) patients is currently performed through the subjective self-assessment of patients. Clinicians require reliable information about a fluctuation’s occurrence to enable a precise treatment rescheduling and dosing adjustment. In this review, we analyzed the utilization of sensors for identifying motor fluctuations in PD patients and the application of machine learning techniques to detect fluctuations. The review process followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Ten studies were included between January 2010 and March 2021, and their main characteristics and results were assessed and documented. Five studies utilized daily activities to collect the data, four used concrete scenarios executing specific activities to gather the data, and only one utilized a combination of both situations. The accuracy for classification was 83.56–96.77%. In the studies evaluated, it was not possible to find a standard cleaning protocol for the signal captured, and there is significant heterogeneity in the models utilized and in the different features introduced in the models (using spatiotemporal characteristics, frequential characteristics, or both). The two most influential factors in the good performance of the classification problem are the type of features utilized and the type of model.
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Fudge, Judy. "What Do We Mean by Law and Social Transformation?." Canadian journal of law and society 5 (1990): 47–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s082932010000171x.
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AbstractIn Canada the entrenchment of the Charter of Rights and Freedoms generated a good deal of debate about the possibility of using law in the struggle for social transformation. Although couched in general terms, the current debate is ultimately about the possibility of asserting liberal democratic legal rights in courts in order to transform existing relations of subordination and domination. Somewhat remarkably, the positive claim that litigating entrenched legal rights encourages social transformation tends to be made almost exclusively at the theoretical level. Theoretical possibilities, rather than concrete victories, are invoked to support the claim for the transformative capacity of liberal legal rights. Instead of approaching the question of litigating social change from an exclusively theoretical perspective, this paper examines contemporary examples in order to illustrate some of the possibilities of and limits to this strategy. Specifically, the paper examines how both the labour and women's movements have used the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms to further their social, political and economic goals. Not only did these two groups adopt widely different strategies during the entrenchment process, what is entailed by the assertion of bourgeois legal rights has a different meaning for each. Thus, by contrasting the experience of the labour and women's movements in invoking the Charter it is possible to begin to suggest the limits of liberal rights in the struggle for social transformation.
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Chutani, Sonia, and Jagbir Singh. "Optimal Design of RC Frames using a Modified Hybrid PSOGSA Algorithm." Archives of Civil Engineering 63, no. 4 (December 1, 2017): 123–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ace-2017-0044.
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AbstractThe present study has been taken up to emphasize the role of the hybridization process for optimizing a given reinforced concrete (RC) frame. Although various primary techniques have been hybrid in the past with varying degree of success, the effect of hybridization of enhanced versions of standard optimization techniques has found little attention. The focus of the current study is to see if it is possible to maintain and carry the positive effects of enhanced versions of two different techniques while using their hybrid algorithms. For this purpose, enhanced versions of standard particle swarm optimization (PSO) and a standard gravitational search algorithm (GSA), were considered for optimizing an RC frame. The enhanced version of PSO involves its democratization by considering all good and bad experiences of the particles, whereas the enhanced version of the GSA is made self-adaptive by considering a specific range for certain parameters, like the gravitational constant and a set of agents with the best fitness values. The optimization process, being iterative in nature, has been coded in C++. The analysis and design procedure is based on the specifications of Indian codes. Two distinct advantages of enhanced versions of standard PSO and GSA, namely, better capability to escape from local optima and a faster convergence rate, have been tested for the hybrid algorithm. The entire formulation for optimal cost design of a frame includes the cost of beams and columns. The variables of each element of structural frame have been considered as continuous and rounded off appropriately to consider practical limitations. An example has also been considered to emphasize the validity of this optimum design procedure.
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Bulat, A. F., T. V. Bunko, I. Ye Kokoulin, and V. V. Myroshnychenko. "Risk-oriented concept in philosophy of technique." Geo-Technical mechanics, no. 152 (2020): 3–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/geotm2020.152.003.
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In the article, the issues of terminology of technique philosophy related to the notions of a concept, a risk and an uncertainty are considered. It is noted that a concept in terms of philosophy is considered as a category of human thinking, of how a man being a subject perceives the environment: objects, processes, actions of other people. From philosophical point of view, a concept is characterized by four levels; "consciousness - authorial concept - concept of interpreter - collective consciousness". Definition of the levels can differ, but their sense remains unchanging. A concept is considerably wider than a notion and is syncretic by its content. Basic criterion, by which it is possible to distinguish between "a concept" and "a notion", is simple enough: if we can give a clear (of course, subjective) definition, then it is a notion, if we cannot – it is a concept. A concept becomes a notion when a subject has set it forth (authorial concept), listeners (readers) have interpreted it (interpreter concept), discussed and created a collective concept – after this the concept is formalized as notions. Good example of such chain of a concept transforming into totality of publicly-meaningful, clear and suitable for the practical use results is defending of a scientific dissertation. A risk is considered in philosophical understanding: it is impossible to formulate any universal definition for it as a risk is always subjective and inherent to a concrete participant of some technological or public process in concrete field. A risk should not be mixed up with an uncertainty, as a risk is a method for overcoming an uncertainty. A risk is a function of an uncertainty which does not have clear definition and can be estimated only partially. A risk relates to a subjective uncertainty only: an objective uncertainty should be only taken into account and cannot be an object of control as it cannot be diminished by way of experiments or analysis of statistics. A risk in philosophical understanding can be only a basis for further concretization by engineering sciences: there and only there it is possible to try (and it has been already partially realized) to work out methods for assessing a risk and use the obtained results for improving reliability of production and minimizing the accident rate.
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van Blerk, Petrus G. L., Enrico Fletcher, Seosamh B. Costello, and Theuns F. P. Henning. "Ethylene Glycol Accelerated Weathering Test: An Improved, Objective Aggregate Durability Test Method." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 2655, no. 1 (January 2017): 27–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/2655-05.
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Ethylene glycol has been used extensively by the concrete and road construction industries to identify rock durability issues associated with smectite clay minerals. The presence of these clay minerals is synonymous with rock degradation under normal environmental wetting and drying cycles. However, such historical test methods are predominately based on a subjective visual interpretation, describing the observed degradation of individual rock pieces at fixed time intervals during the soaking process. In addition, some test methods include complex equations with multiple weighting factors applied to nominated degradation descriptors (e.g., spalling, fracture, and disintegration) used to calculate a single durability indicator. This paper describes the development and implementation of an alternative, nonsubjective accelerated weathering test that also uses ethylene glycol. The research included metamorphic and volcanic rock types used extensively in New Zealand for road construction. The greatest benefit of the proposed new test method is the ability to eliminate the subjective visual assessment described in historical test methods and adequately quantify results to specify contractual acceptance and rejection criteria. The test method also shows that good repeatability is possible from duplicate test samples. However, rock quality and quarry production consistency will influence the ability of the test method to report the same “percentage change in fines” over a prolonged test period. This phenomenon was particularly evident with problematic and lower quality rock. The test findings are well supported by observed field performance, thus giving confidence in the new method’s usefulness.
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Santos, Mónica, Catarina Lopes, and Tiago Oliveira. "Regresso ao Trabalho após Acidente Laboral." Revista Portuguesa de Saúde Ocupacional 9 (June 30, 2020): S123—S129. http://dx.doi.org/10.31252/rpso.16.05.2020.
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Introduction / background / objectives Most Occupational Health teams do not have concrete experience in developing an action plan that aims to enhance the return of injured employees, especially when the work limitations are reasonable. The purpose of this review was to summarize the most recent and pertinent published data on the subject. Methodology This is a Scoping Review, initiated through a survey conducted in December 2019, in the databases “CINALH plus with full text, Medline with full text, Database of Abstracts of Reviews of Effects, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, Cochrane Methodology Register, Nursing and Allied Health Collection: comprehensive, MedicLatina, SCOPUS and RCAAP”. Content The articles that addressed this subject were scarce and not exhaustive. In the selected documents, some circumstances/ conditions were highlighted that can modulate the return to work; sometimes the authors did not specify the meaning of that influence, but in other cases they made it clear whether it enhanced or impaired the issue. Work accidents cause significant morbidity and costs worldwide, considering both direct and indirect expenses (such as lost productivity, changes in the insurer’s wages, employee turnover and training, investigation of the event and possible compensation, depending on the legislation of each country). Conclusions It seems that the return to work is facilitated with a fair and quick injury management, a team with experience to guide these process, good communication between the different parties involved, less serious injuries, less physically burdensome tasks, absence of economic/ social interests to delay return, good copping skills and healthier self-perception of the general medical condition. It would be very pertinent for some Occupational Health teams, that work with large clients and/ or with a reasonable number of occupational accidents that have resulted in considerable absences and/ or limitations, to investigate which are the best postures/ conditions that facilitate the return to work, subsequently publishing its conclusions.
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Vercauteren, Gert, Nina Reviers, and Kim Steyaert. "Evaluating the effectiveness of machine translation of audio description: the results of two pilot studies in the English-Dutch language pair." Tradumàtica: tecnologies de la traducció, no. 19 (December 31, 2021): 226–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.5565/rev/tradumatica.288.
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The field of translation is undergoing various profound changes. On the one hand it is being thoroughly reshaped by the advent and constant improvement of new technologies. On the other hand, new forms of translation are starting to see the light of day in the wake of social and legal developments that require that products and content that are created, are accessible for everybody. One of these new forms of translation, is audio description (AD), a service that is aimed at making audiovisual content accessible to people with sight loss. New legislation requires that this content is accessible by 2025, which constitutes a tremendous task given the limited number of people that are at present trained as audio describers. A possible solution would be to use machine translation to translate existing audio descriptions into different languages. Since AD is characterized by short sentences and simple, concrete language, it could be a good candidate for machine translation. In the present study, we want to test this hypothesis for the English-Dutch language pair. Three 30 minute AD excerpts of different Dutch movies that were originally audio described in English, were translated into Dutch using DeepL. The translations were analysed using the harmonized DQF-MQM error typology and taking into account the specific multimodal nature of the source text and the intersemiotic dimension of the original audio description process. The analysis showed that the MT output had a relatively high error rate, particularly in the categories of Accuracy – mistranslation and Fluency – grammar. This seems to indicate that extensive post-editing will be needed, before the text can be used in a professional context.
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Raoelivololona, Tefy, Mamiharijaona Ramaroson, and Chrysostome Raminosoa. "Paper recycling for the making of constructions materials." MATEC Web of Conferences 307 (2020): 01041. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/202030701041.
Full textAbstract:
Madagascar undergoes, like all countries in the world, the effects of climate change. in fact, since the last 5 years, in the coastal regions and the basins, the temperature has raised from 2 to 2.5 ° and varies between 34 to 36 ° in the shadow during the rainy season and on the high hills, the temperature diminishes from 2 to 2.5 ° during the dry period and varies from 4 ° to 8 °. However, the structure of lodging of 60% of the people are not adapted to this temperature change. Particularly, in the coastal regions, the walls of the houses are made of sheet iron. The inside of these houses is very hot when the weather is hot and very cold when it is cold. The inhabitants can’t afford the houses made in bricks or breeze block and the natural sources of aggregates are in the process of exhaustion. In the other part, we have seen that tons of paper are ready to be burned at the administrative services (public treasury, public financing, universities, ...) and the newspaper publishers. So, it becomes a must to find another way to the construction materials, justifying in that case our research axis. This study aims at the developing of construction material based on recycled paper, binder and aggregate. It deals of picking up or gathering all waste of papers and outdates newspapers and transforming them into brick for building constructions. What’s more, papers have prominent thermal insulating properties. Our work is focused on the study of variants on the different manufacturing processes, the choice of binder, the preparation of the specimens with different binders and different dosages, the mechanical compression tests for different binders, the evaluation of thermal conductivity for different binders and the numerical simulation of the thermo mechanical behavior of samples. The result is a lightweight brick with good thermal insulation. Tests have also made it possible to declare that the material has acceptable mechanical properties : the compressive strength is 1.56 [N/mm2], higher than the value prescribed by the standard for lightweight concrete blocks for construction of 1.1 [N/mm2], the value of thermal conductivity is 0.114 [W/mK], ten times less conductive heat than concrete and it can replace glass wool for a double its thickness. The specific weight is 57.5 [kg/m2].The practical results were confirmed by finite element simulations.
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Chu, Mingjin. "Preface: A SPECIAL ISSUE ON PROGRESS IN CIVIL ENGINEERING." Open Civil Engineering Journal 8, no. 1 (September 4, 2014): 154. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874149501408010154.
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The Open Civil Engineering Journal, which is one of the most relevant international journals in civil engineering area, wishes to promote the latest researches in engineering structures. This special issue contains 8 invited outstanding articles covering a wide range of topics. We have assembled recent studies in the field of several typical structures, attempting to provide a glimpse into the wide range of engineering problems. It is expected that the special issue will benefit researchers and engineers who are interested in the design of protective structures and stimulate the research interests in this important an d promising area of civil engineering. A brief overview of each article published in this special issue is provided here. In “Experimental Study on Assembled Monolithic Concrete Shear Walls Built with Precast Two-way Hollow Slabs” , Zhijuan Sun et al. present a quasi-static experiment on one reinforced concrete shear wall and two shear walls built with precast two-way hollow slab. Test result shows that the new type of shear walls experienced the loading process from the whole wall to the portioned wall due to the internal and vertical joints of the wall body, which can be applied in practical construction. In “Study on Metering Scheme of Seismic Experiment for Shear Wall Built with Precast Hollow Slab” , Zhijuan Sun et al. present the measuring scheme of shear wall deformation and steel strain. The special mechanical characteristic of the shear wall built with precast two-way hollow slab is the relative deformation of the concrete on both sides of vertical joint. The study shows that the measuring methods of shear wall deformation and relative deformation are reasonable and feasible. In “Experimental Study on Precast Concrete Shear Walls with Different Hollow Slabs” , Qinyan Zhao et al. present a test on two shear walls built with precast two-way hollow slab with different details. The study shows that brittle shear failure can be avoided and the failure behaviors tend to evolve from integral wall to the combination of wall and columns. Also, compressive capacity of walls can be affected by the dimension of transverse holes. In “Test Study on Strength and Permeability Properties of Lime -Fly Ash Loess Under Freeze-Thaw Cycles”, Zhiquan Zhang and Yufen Zhang present a study on the engineering behaviors of lime-fly ash loess using uniaxial compressive test, fast direct shearing test and permeability test. Test data show that uniaxial compressive strength of lime-fly ash loess has good water stability and freeze-thaw stability, and can be applied in permafrost subgrade. In “Unloading Phenomena Characteristics in Brittle Rock Masses by A Large-scale Excavation in Dam Foundation”, Changgen Yan et al. investigate a large-scale excavation around the foundation of the dam. The characteristics of unloading rock masses were described with the acoustic wave velocity monitoring method. The unloading deformation has a direct temporal dependence, and increases quickly during the first 90 days, then with a slower rate from 90 to 180 days, and after that the unloading deformation will be small enough to be neglected In “A Review on Progressive Collapse of Building Structures” , Hao Wang et al. assess the recent studies on the progressive collapse of building structures from experimental study, numerical simulation and theoretical analysis. The design methods to prevent progressive collapse for building structures are also discussed. In “Damage Identification of Continuous Rigid Frame Concrete Bridge”, Shengnan Huang et al. present a large-scale experimental study on safety monitoring methodology for continuous rigid frame concrete bridge. Two load stages and ten different load steps were simulated to test various scenario of long-term loading and different levels of overload. Curva ture mode method was adopted to detect the damage during the exercises. In addition, the Finite-Element Analysis (FEA) was utilized, and the experimental recurring was verified positively through FEA model. In “Corrosion Monitoring Using Embedded Piezoelectric Sensors”, Lei Qin et al. develop a new type of corrosion detection technique for reinforced concrete. The technique used piezoelectric sensors to detect the ultrasonic signals during corrosion. The state of bonding layer of concrete and steel bar could be monitored. It can also detect the initial of corrosion and cracking of bonding layer. I am grateful to all the authors and reviewers for the contribution and support during the course of editing this special issue. Their prompt responses have made it possible for us to publish this special issue on time.
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, Shahjad, and Khurram Mustafa. "A Systematic Literature Review on Learning Apps Evaluation." Journal of Information Technology Education: Research 21 (2022): 663–700. http://dx.doi.org/10.28945/5042.
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Aim/Purpose: The goal of this writing was not to promote any particular assessment tool. We aimed to critically explore the numerous assessment techniques that are accessible to app stakeholders with an emphasis on their strengths, shortcomings, and trustworthiness. We underline the importance of a relatively good and research-based tool that can readily assess the existing Learning Apps (LAs). Background: A thorough and comprehensive literature review of LAs and their assessment tools was the primary goal of reporting the state of the art through this SLR (Systematic Literature Review) writing. Methodology: We restricted our search space to ten databases and covered the most relevant studies from 2008 to 2022. To accomplish this predefined research interest, we divided our whole SLR methodology into four pertinent steps. Contribution: The primary goal of the current writing is to know the state of the art regarding LAs’ appraising instruments so that we can clearly reveal a list of essential research gaps on the same problem. Accordingly, app designers gain valuable insight from these forms of texts in order to develop better LA(s). Findings: After careful examination of included studies (114), we found a total of 70 studies that discussed at least one evaluation tool in their research design, and the remaining studies were useful for theoretical support in writing this review. Although we discovered a large list of evaluation tools on LAs, the majority are suffering from some serious flaws. This emphasizes the need for a concise, comprehensive, and concrete theoretical evaluation tool for LAs. Recommendations for Practitioners: If practitioners incorporate the summarized research findings into their app design process, it may be possible to produce high-quality educational apps that could significantly improve our current educational system. Recommendation for Researchers: We analyzed a large amount of relevant literature on LAs assessment. As a result, we have represented the current state of the art as well as some other key research discoveries in a clear and concise manner on the same research design. Thus, novices may easily gain a theoretical understanding by reading this research article, rather than having to read many individual pieces of literature, which may be a time-consuming process. Impact on Society: Education is a crucial component of our society. In light of this, we did a thorough literature review of LAs and discovered a number of deficiencies. If we research and answer these flaws scientifically, it may be possible to create high-quality apps that could considerably improve our current educational system. Future Research: Future research may focus on developing a sound framework or model for evaluating educational apps and being tested on our self-designed LA.
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Gurin, A. A., V. A. Shapovalov, A. E. Lapshin, and V. I. Lyashenko. "Improvement of Safety and Efficiency of Cleaning Settled Dust in the Premises of Mining and Processing Enterprises." Occupational Safety in Industry, no. 2 (February 2022): 50–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.24000/0409-2961-2022-2-50-57.
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The results of study are given concerning the issues of improving safety and efficiency of cleaning settled dust in the premises of mining and processing enterprises using a mobile autonomous dust collection unit. The following is used in the work: data from literary sources and patent documentation in the field of technologies and technical means to improve safety and efficiency of cleaning settled dust in the premises of mining and processing enterprises; substantiation of the parameters of the operational characteristics of a mobile autonomous dust collecting plant; laboratory and production experiments; physical modeling. It is shown that when cleaning dust from the metal structures, equipment, as well as covering their surfaces, two nozzles were used: for cleaning caked dust and a flattened pipe with a diameter of 25 mm. Cleaning speed of 1 m2 of metal structures was 1.6–1.9 min. It was found that on the horizontal and lateral surfaces, as well as on the floor, a nozzle with a slit length of 240 mm and a width of 4.3 mm showed good results. Cleaning speed with such a nozzle is 1.33–1.48 m2/min. When the concrete floor is uneven or the thickness of the dust layer increased to 5–8 mm, the cleaning speed decreased to 0.55 m2/min. The design of the dust collecting plant and its operation modes are proposed, which allow collecting up to 0.6 t/h of the settled dust. Dust content in the air in the crushing shop of the sorting plant of the Rodina mine (Krivoy Rog, Ukraine) after cleaning the settled dust decreased from 4.5 to 2.5 mg/m3. Economic calculations showed that in addition to the social effect of using a dust collecting plant, an additional economic effect is possible, obtained by recovery and return of the collected dust to the technological process. The results of industrial tests confirmed its high efficiency. For the conditions of its work at the crushing and sorting factory of the Rodina mine, the expected economic effect is 5960 UAH per year.
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Maslihan, Olena O., and Nadiia S. Kampov. "Methodological algorithms of sustained functioning of tourism and recreation enterprises in clusters." Economies' Horizons, no. 3(10) (September 30, 2019): 54–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.31499/2616-5236.3(10).2019.206242.
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It is important to define methodological algorithms of sustained functioning of tourism and recreation cluster actors in parallel to the strategic analysis. Algorithms are basic objects and it forms the basis good description of the methods. Cluster actors, get the perfect solution of urgent problems of a scientific and practical nature by doing everything in accordance with a fixed methodological algorithm (in the context of the task of ensuring the sustained of clusters functioning). It is safe to say, looking at the similarity of algorithms for different spheres of activity, which guide reference and compact subpopulation parameters of the dynamic cluster environment or attractor. On the basis of the foregoing, the purpose of the research is to define the characteristics of the process of methodological algorithmization of financial stability of recreation and tourism cluster’s enterprises. Methods. By the study process the following general scientific and concrete methods have been used: comparative, structural, historical (used in describing the classical and transformed break-even model, for rationing of the production of tourism product or tourist services), system-based review techniques and secondary data analysis (used in the optimization of algorithm for calculating the safety margin and creation of a system of methodological algorithm “financial leverage”), generalizations, interpretations, logical (used in determining the assets presentation logic of the cluster actors (in physical terms and in the amount and in monetary and non-monetary forms). Results. On the basis of survey results agreed that, in order to maintain a high level of technological sustainability cluster actors’ methodological algorithms to the optimization of technological quality of the tourist product or services of the cluster actors must be selected. This is appropriate on the basis an ongoing monitoring of the level of technological quality of a tourist product or service (compared to produce by competitors). Practical meaning. Monitoring the level of technological quality of a tourist product or service makes it possible to understand, how to get close to the standard. Prospects for further research. The methodological algorithms ensure the sustained functioning of tourism and recreation enterprises in clusters should aim at determining the values of the processing characteristics of the manufacturing process (own and competitors) and identify the directions for their improvement. Individual measurement indicators correspond to each processing characteristics of the manufacturing process. Therefore, these characteristics should be assessed into a comparable form. Namely it based on rating scales and taking into account the mutual influence on the actual competitive rating. To reveal and calculate the mutual influence of processing characteristics (on each other and on the actual assessments of competitive position), as a setting for quality home, additional columns of the roof type is formed.
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Kim, Doo-Hwan. "Work and society in the face of full -scale artificial intelligence automation : The Problem of Creativity." Korean Association of Regional Sociology 23, no. 2 (August 31, 2022): 181–219. http://dx.doi.org/10.35175/krs.2022.23.2.181.
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Creativity begins to establish itself as human nature at the dawn of modern society.
However, the current creativity discourse in the era of automation is centered on the situation in which machines threaten humans. Regarding this situation, this study deals with the problem of creativity discourse, which claims that we can only survive when we are creative. The process begins by examining how creativity, as a latent ability, emerged as a universal human possibility in modern society, but how it was blocked.
All the tools and inventions that mankind has created in the long history of life supplement the vulnerable human beings. However, in the era of artificial intelligence automation, paradoxical claims are being made that machines are humanizing. So, in the era of automation, we look at how what those who advocate for creativity are doing is creating the result of grading people. The key is that creativity is what a good job that will survive in the age of automation requires. However, such a claim threatens to block the opportunities for creativity that every individual should enjoy. Creativity studies by psychologists track the environmental and psychological characteristics of creative people. Recognize the importance of the social and cultural environment.
However, they do not pay attention to the structural problem of historical society that this study focuses on. It also examines the concreteness of practice, which progressive automation theorists’ expectations for labor emancipation and the utopian vision of a society where universal human creativity can be exercised are lacking. This study focuses on the local as a possibility to overcome these limitations. An important factor in the centripetal force of the Capital metropolitan area in Korean society is employment opportunities. The creativity required by the labor market is the ability to be employed. So it does not require the ability to express creativity to achieve true individuation. Moreover, human creative thinking is possible through meaningful social interaction. However, it does not happen in abstract groups such as nations and countries. Concrete and practical interactions are possible within meaningful human relationships created in the local, which is the basic living ecosystem in which individuals live. Therefore, this study pays attention to the emergence of local creators, which are visibly active in Korean society since early 2010s. Specifically, it argues that the movement of a new generation to realize their own uniqueness in the local community where life takes place is an important practice case of creative freedom to realize the uniqueness of ‘I’.