Relevant bibliographies by topics / The oxidative model

Academic literature on the topic 'The oxidative model'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 10 December 2022
Last updated: 28 January 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "The oxidative model"

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Zhu, An, Fuli Zheng, Wenjing Zhang, Ludi Li, Yingzi Li, Hong Hu, Yajiao Wu, et al. "Oxidation and Antioxidation of Natural Products in the Model Organism Caenorhabditis elegans." Antioxidants 11, no. 4 (April 2, 2022): 705. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antiox11040705.

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Natural products are small molecules naturally produced by multiple sources such as plants, animals, fungi, bacteria and archaea. They exert both beneficial and detrimental effects by modulating biological targets and pathways involved in oxidative stress and antioxidant response. Natural products’ oxidative or antioxidative properties are usually investigated in preclinical experimental models, including virtual computing simulations, cell and tissue cultures, rodent and nonhuman primate animal models, and human studies. Due to the renewal of the concept of experimental animals, especially the popularization of alternative 3R methods for reduction, replacement and refinement, many assessment experiments have been carried out in new alternative models. The model organism Caenorhabditis elegans has been used for medical research since Sydney Brenner revealed its genetics in 1974 and has been introduced into pharmacology and toxicology in the past two decades. The data from C. elegans have been satisfactorily correlated with traditional experimental models. In this review, we summarize the advantages of C. elegans in assessing oxidative and antioxidative properties of natural products and introduce methods to construct an oxidative damage model in C. elegans. The biomarkers and signaling pathways involved in the oxidative stress of C. elegans are summarized, as well as the oxidation and antioxidation in target organs of the muscle, nervous, digestive and reproductive systems. This review provides an overview of the oxidative and antioxidative properties of natural products based on the model organism C. elegans.
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Kusuhara, S., M. Ito, T. Sato, W. Yokoi, Y. Yamamoto, K. Harada, H. Ikemura, and K. Miyazaki. "Intracellular GSH of Streptococcus thermophilus shows anti-oxidative activity against low-density lipoprotein oxidation in vitro and in a hyperlipidaemic hamster model." Beneficial Microbes 9, no. 1 (January 29, 2018): 143–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.3920/bm2017.0065.

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Streptococcus thermophilus YIT 2001 (ST-1), a lactic acid bacterial strain, was shown to have inhibitory effects on the oxidation of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and the development of aortic fatty lesions in an animal model, and lower the serum levels of malondialdehyde-modified LDL, an oxidative modification product of LDL, in a clinical trial. This study aimed to identify the intracellular active component of ST-1 associated with anti-oxidative activity against LDL oxidation. High-performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionisation mass spectrometry analysis after fractionation of the cellular extract by reversed-phase chromatography demonstrated that the active fraction contained reduced glutathione (GSH). GSH showed anti-oxidative activity in a dose-dependent manner, while this activity disappeared following thiol derivatisation. ST-1 had the strongest anti-oxidative activity against LDL oxidation and the highest level of intracellular GSH among five strains of S. thermophilus. In addition, the anti-oxidative activity of ST-1 after thiol derivatisation decreased by about half, which was similar to that of three other strains containing poor or no intracellular GSH or thiol components. Moreover, anti-oxidative activity against LDL oxidation was observed in hyperlipidaemic hamsters fed with high GSH ST-1 cells but not in those given low GSH cells. These findings suggest that intracellular GSH in ST-1 may provide beneficial effects via anti-oxidative activity against LDL oxidation and excess oxidative stress in the blood.
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Miricescu, Daniela, Iulia Stanescu, Paula Perlea, Bogdan Calenic, Radu Radulescu, Alexandra Totan, Bogdana Virgolici, Cristina Sabliov, and Maria Grea. "Oxidative Stress Following PLGA Nanoparticles Administration to an Animal Model." Materiale Plastice 54, no. 2 (June 30, 2017): 249–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.37358/mp.17.2.4826.

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In the recent years, engineered nanoparticles (NPs) such as PLGA or poly-lactic-co-glycolic acid, have raised a substantial interest due to their possible medical applications in vaccination, diagnostic imaging procedures, cancer therapy or sustained delivery of drugs. The main aim of the present work is to evaluate key oxidative stress parameters in several organs following NPs administration in an animal model. Our data shows that acute oral administration of PLGA NPs induces a change in the antioxidant status in both rat liver and spleen, but may not induce oxidative stress damage to cell structures such as lipid or protein oxidation.
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Muraya, Nanako, Daisuke Kadowaki, Shigeyuki Miyamura, Kenichiro Kitamura, Kohei Uchimura, Yuki Narita, Yohei Miyamoto, et al. "Benzbromarone Attenuates Oxidative Stress in Angiotensin II- and Salt-Induced Hypertensive Model Rats." Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity 2018 (June 5, 2018): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/7635274.

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Oxidative stress induced by hyperuricemia is closely associated with the renin-angiotensin system, as well as the onset and progression of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and chronic kidney disease (CKD). It is therefore important to reduce oxidative stress to treat hyperuricemia. We previously found that benzbromarone, a uricosuric agent, has a direct free radical scavenging effect in vitro. The antioxidant effects of benzbromarone were evaluated in vivo via oral administration of benzbromarone for 4 weeks to model rats with angiotensin II- and salt-induced hypertension. Benzbromarone did not alter plasma uric acid levels or blood pressure but significantly reduced the levels of advanced oxidation protein products, which are oxidative stress markers. Furthermore, dihydroethidium staining of the kidney revealed a reduction in oxidative stress after benzbromarone administration. These results suggest that benzbromarone has a direct antioxidant effect in vivo and great potential to prevent CVD and CKD.
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Zeynalov, Eldar, Joerg Friedrich, Manfred Wagner, and Gundula Hidde. "Effect of Br-Grafted Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes on the Model Oxidative Environment." Chemistry & Chemical Technology 9, no. 1 (March 15, 2015): 51–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.23939/chcht09.01.051.

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Chiu, Harold Henrison C., Susan D. Arco, Zhang Chun Ping, and Nelson R. Villarante. "Efficient Oxidative Desulfurization of Model Oil at Room Temperature with Ionic Liquid as Extraction Solvent." KIMIKA 24, no. 1 (January 21, 2013): 2–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.26534/kimika.v24i1.2-7.

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The oxidative desulfurization of model oil (hexane solution of thiophene) was carried out at room temperature in a two-step method involving: 1) the acetic acid catalyzed oxidation of thiophene with hydrogen peroxide and 2) the subsequent extraction of the oxidized products with three 1-alkyl-3-methylimidazolium bromide [RMIM]Br ionic liquids of varying alkyl substituent R chain length (R: C2, C4, C6) and with acetonitrile as control. For purposes of comparison, a non-oxidative extractive desulfurization of model oil with the above ionic liquid and with acetonitrile was also performed. The thiophene extraction efficiencies of the ionic liquids and that of the control in both the oxidative and non-oxidative procedures were determined by means of gas chromatography. The ionic liquid of the shortest alkyl substituent chain length (R: C2), [EMIM] Br exhibited the highest extraction efficiency in the oxidative desulfurization of the model oil; the extraction efficiency of [EMIM] Br was also observed to exceed that of acetonitrile. In general, the oxidative desulfurization with the above [RMIM]Br’s is apparently a more efficient method of thiophene removal from the model oil as compared to a non-oxidative procedure with the same extraction solvents. The extraction efficiency of [RMIM]Br’s was observed to decrease with the lengthening of the alkyl substituent chain. The same trend is observed in the non-oxidative extractive desulfurization of the model oil. Recyclability analysis of [EMIM]Br showed that [EMIM]Br can be recycled thrice with no significant decrease in extraction efficiency.
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Chimienti, Guglielmina, Antonella Orlando, Francesco Russo, Benedetta D’Attoma, Manuela Aragno, Eleonora Aimaretti, Angela Maria Serena Lezza, and Vito Pesce. "The Mitochondrial Trigger in an Animal Model of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease." Genes 12, no. 9 (September 18, 2021): 1439. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/genes12091439.

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Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the leading liver chronic disease featuring hepatic steatosis. Mitochondrial β-oxidation participates in the derangement of lipid metabolism at the basis of NAFLD, and mitochondrial oxidative stress contributes to the onset of the disease. We evaluated the presence and effects of mitochondrial oxidative stress in the liver from rats fed a high-fat plus fructose (HF-F) diet inducing NAFLD. Supplementation with dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), a multitarget antioxidant, was tested for efficacy in delaying NAFLD. A marked mitochondrial oxidative stress was originated by all diets, as demonstrated by the decrease in Superoxide Dismutase 2 (SOD2) and Peroxiredoxin III (PrxIII) amounts. All diets induced a decrease in mitochondrial DNA content and an increase in its oxidative damage. The diets negatively affected mitochondrial biogenesis as shown by decreased peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ co-activator-1α (PGC-1α), mitochondrial transcription factor A (TFAM), and the COX-IV subunit from the cytochrome c oxidase complex. The reduced amounts of Beclin-1 and lipidated LC3 II form of the microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 (LC3) unveiled the diet-related autophagy’s decrease. The DHEA supplementation did not prevent the diet-induced changes. These results demonstrate the relevance of mitochondrial oxidative stress and the sequential dysfunction of the organelles in an obesogenic diet animal model of NAFLD.
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Qin, Bei, Kuan Yang, and Ruijun Cao. "Synthesis and Antioxidative Activity of Piperine Derivatives Containing Phenolic Hydroxyl." Journal of Chemistry 2020 (July 21, 2020): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/2786359.

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Piperine was used in this study in its raw form, and different steps, such as amide hydrolysis and amidation, were used to synthesize piperine derivatives containing a phenolic hydroxyl group. DPPH and ABTS free radical scavenging assays were used to assess piperine derivative antioxidant activities. We constructed an AAPH oxidative stress erythrocyte model to study the effect of piperine derivatives on the hemolysis rate of oxidatively damaged erythrocytes as well as the hemoglobin oxidation rate. This AAPH model was also used to determine piperine derivative effects on antioxidant enzyme activity and malondialdehyde (MDA) content. Results showed that spectroscopic methods could synthesize and identify piperine derivatives containing phenolic hydroxyl groups (H-1∼H-3). Moreover, DPPH and ABTS assay results showed that piperine derivative free radical clearance rates were higher compared with the parent compound. Additionally, piperine derivatives (H-1∼H-3) were found to provide protection to AAPH oxidatively damaged erythrocytes in their ability to inhibit AAPH-induced erythrocyte lysis, while hemoglobin oxidation was higher compared with the parent compound. Piperine derivatives may protect intracellular glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) antioxidant enzyme system activities, safeguarding against oxidative damage. This study synthesized novel piperine derivatives for use as potential antioxidant agent candidates.
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Timoshnikov, Viktor A., Lilia A. Kichigina, Olga Yu Selyutina, Nikolay E. Polyakov, and George J. Kontoghiorghes. "Antioxidant Activity of Deferasirox and Its Metal Complexes in Model Systems of Oxidative Damage: Comparison with Deferiprone." Molecules 26, no. 16 (August 20, 2021): 5064. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules26165064.

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Deferasirox is an orally active, lipophilic iron chelating drug used on thousands of patients worldwide for the treatment of transfusional iron overload. The essential transition metals iron and copper are the primary catalysts of reactive oxygen species and oxidative damage in biological systems. The redox effects of deferasirox and its metal complexes with iron, copper and other metals are of pharmacological, toxicological, biological and physiological importance. Several molecular model systems of oxidative damage caused by iron and copper catalysis including the oxidation of ascorbic acid, the peroxidation of linoleic acid micelles and the oxidation of dihydropyridine have been investigated in the presence of deferasirox using UV-visible and NMR spectroscopy. Deferasirox has shown antioxidant activity in all three model systems, causing substantial reduction in the rate of oxidation and oxidative damage. Deferasirox showed the greatest antioxidant activity in the oxidation of ascorbic acid with the participation of iron ions and reduced the reaction rate by about a 100 times. Overall, deferasirox appears to have lower affinity for copper in comparison to iron. Comparative studies of the antioxidant activity of deferasirox and the hydrophilic oral iron chelating drug deferiprone in the peroxidation of linoleic acid micelles showed lower efficiency of deferasirox in comparison to deferiprone.
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Wongnen, Chantira, Naiya Ruzzama, Manat Chaijan, Ling-Zhi Cheong, and Worawan Panpipat. "Glochidion wallichianum Leaf Extract as a Natural Antioxidant in Sausage Model System." Foods 11, no. 11 (May 25, 2022): 1547. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods11111547.

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This study highlighted the role of an 80% ethanolic Mon-Pu (Glochidion wallichianum) leaf extract (MPE), a novel natural antioxidative ingredient, in controlling the oxidative stability and physicochemical properties of a cooked sausage model system (SMS). MPE had a total extractable phenolic content of 16 mg/100 g, with DPPH● scavenging activity, ABTS●+ scavenging activity, and ferric reducing antioxidant power of 2.3, 1.9, and 1.2 mmole Trolox equivalents (TE)/g, respectively. The effects of different concentrations of MPE (0.01–10%, w/w) formulated into SMS on lipid oxidation, protein oxidation, and discoloration were compared to synthetic butylated hydroxyl toluene (BHT; 0.003%, w/w) and a control (without antioxidant). The peroxide value (PV), thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), and protein carbonyl contents of SMS tended to increase with increasing MPE concentration (p < 0.05), indicating that high MPE excipient has a pro-oxidative effect. The lowest lipid oxidation (PV and TBARS) and protein carbonyl contents were observed when 0.01% MPE was used to treat SMS (p < 0.05), which was comparable or even greater than BHT-treated SMS. High concentrations (1–10%) of MPE incorporation led to increases in the discoloration of SMS (p < 0.05) with a negligible change in pH of SMS. The water exudate was reduced when MPE was incorporated into SMS compared to control (p < 0.05). Furthermore, MPE at 0.01% significantly reduced lipid oxidation in cooked EMS during refrigerated storage. According to the findings, a low amount of MPE, particularly at 0.01%, in a formulation could potentially maintain the oxidative stability and physicochemical qualities of cooked SMS that are comparable to or better than synthetic BHT.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "The oxidative model"

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Cochemé, Helena Margaret. "Yeast as a model for investigating mitochondrial oxidative damage." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.614040.

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Crisóstomo, Luís Daniel Machado. "Pilot-model for oxidative post-competition recovery in swimmers." Master's thesis, Universidade da Beira Interior, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.6/1340.

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Physical exercise have several health benefits, but it can also be a source of cellular damage. The energetic demands of physical exercise and training promote an increase on metabolic rate, and its pathways may produce secondary harmful compounds that will cause cellular damage. Some of those compounds are the free radicals and Reactive Oxygen species, which are highly instable molecules that react quickly, oxidizing important functional molecules such as proteins, membrane lipids and DNA, in a condition known as oxidative stress. To dampen the action of these molecules, the cells express antioxidant defence proteins. One of the most ubiquitous and polymorphic of those is the family of Gluthatione STransferases (GSTs). The great physical load of competitive training creates serious oxidative stress on athletes so, it is expected that their expression of GSTs will vary throughout the season to overcome such aggression, quickly recovering from one training session and preparing the antioxidant defence for the next one. Our main objective was to verify if the expression of a GST (GSTT1) varies throughout the season, as expected theoretically, and how it fluctuates after a competition. We also check if the distribution of the GSTM1 and GSTT1 Null/Present genotypes had some influence in the preparation and performance of our sample, consisting in 20 national level swimmers. A control group of 52 random individuals was also used to compare genotype distribution. We collected blood samples in analytic filter paper, at 5 different moments throughout the winter season. DNA was isolated from a sample of each individual, amplified by PCR for our interest genes, and ran in agarose gel by electrophoresis to genotype our 20 swimmers. RNA was isolated from all the samples of a swimmer and converted in cDNA by reverse transcriptase. The relative expression of GSTT1 was done using β-actin (a housekeeping gene) as a control gene and the first collected sample of the swimmer as control condition, by the RT-PCR technic. Three swimmers were accessed for the whole 5 moments, while eight were only evaluated their expression at 48h and 72h after competition. The results showed little influence in the distribution of genotype from swimmers to controls. The expression results show influence of the GSTT1 expression profile throughout the season and after an intense exercise with sport performance and as a fitness check tool.
O treino desportivo com o objetivo de performance competitiva coloca os atletas sob um forte risco de desequilíbrio oxidativo, conhecido por stress oxidativo. A produção de radicais livres e espécies electrofílicas, como as Espécies Reativas de Oxigénio (ROS), são uma constante no metabolismo normal do organismo, no entanto, a maior taxa metabólica exigida pela demanda energética do exercício físico intenso, provocam uma produção de tais espécies a um nível superior às defesas antioxidantes disponíveis. Nesta situação de stress oxidativo, os radicais livres e ROS provocam danos a fulcrais estruturas e macromoléculas celulares, reagindo forte e rapidamente com estas, ameaçando a homeostasia celular. Para controlar a ação nefasta dessas agressões oxidativas, os organismos possuem mecanismos de defesas antioxidantes, podendo estas ser de origem endógena ou exógena. Entre as defesas antioxidantes endógenas encontram-se proteínas expressas pelas células, e cuja expressão pode ser influenciada pelo ambiente oxidativo celular, como é o caso das Glutationa S-Transferases (GST). Desta forma, situações que criem stress oxidativo, como no treino desportivo, ativam a expressão das defesas antioxidantes. Assim sendo, o treino desportivo regular e bem planeado, de forma a evitar danos constantes ao organismo, deve ativar uma resposta deste de forma a protege-lo dessa agressão, preparando-o previamente para essa agressão. Essa preparação pode ser verificada através da expressão génica de fatores antioxidantes endógenos. Além disso, certos genótipos podem revelar-se vantajosos nesta proteção, nomeadamente os genótipos associados às várias isoformas das GSTs. Nestes, constam vários e frequentes genótipos Null (ausência do gene), o que permite uma grande variabilidade entre indivíduos para a disponibilidade de isoformas de GSTs. O objetivo deste trabalho foi precisamente verificar a distribuição de genótipos Null/Present para duas isoformas de GSTs, a GSTM1 e a GSTT1, numa amostra de 20 nadadores portugueses de nível nacional. Para comparação de genótipos, foi recolhida semelhante informação a partir de um grupo de controlo constituído por 52 indivíduos aleatórios. Além disso, observou-se a expressão relativa de GSTT1 ao longo de 5 momentos distintos ao longo da época de Inverno (preparação geral, preparação específica, fase taper e dois momentos pós-competição) em 3 desses atletas, e a expressão relativa, também de GSTT1, 48h e 72h após uma competição, para 8 desses atletas. Para conseguir alcançar isto, foi necessário montar uma técnica totalmente nova para recolher as amostras de forma rápida, fiável e praticável nas condições de treino, e otimizar todos os procedimentos laboratoriais para conseguir processar essas amostras de forma eficiente e rigorosa. As amostras foram recolhidas em papel de filtro de análises clínica, através de uma picada no dedo dos nadadores, antes do início do treino do dia definido previamente para recolha de amostras. As amostras foram ainda conservadas em invólucros individuais para cada recolha a cada momento e de cada atleta, numa câmara-fria 4°C, no Centro de Investigação em Ciências da Saúde (CICS) da Faculdade de Ciências da Saúde (FCS) da Universidade da Beira Interior (UBI). Para genotipagem dos nadadores em amostra, DNA foi extraído da amostra de sangue em papel utilizando o método do Chelex 100. Após extração, o DNA foi usado para amplificação enzimática da sequência específica dos genes da GSTM1 e GSTT1, pela técnica de PCR. Por fim, os resultados foram corridos por electroforese em gel de agarose, usando Green-safe como fator de marcação de DNA, e os resultados foram visualizados à luz ultravioleta num transiluminador. A presença de GSTM1 foi identificada pela presença de uma banda com cerca de 215bp, enquanto a presença de GSTT1 foi identificada pela presença de banda aos 473bp. Para análise da expressão génica, RNA foi isolado a partir das amostras de sangue em papel, pelo método do Trizol. O RNA era correspondente a cada um dos momentos de recolha. De seguida o RNA foi convertido a cDNA através da técnica de transcriptase reversa, utilizando a enzima M-MLV. Por fim, o cDNA foi amplificado pela técnica de RT-PCR, para o gene GSTT1, tendo ainda como controlo a amplificação da β-Actin, também para cada um dos momentos de recolha e fazendo duplicados por uma questão de rigor. A expressão foi calculada através das curvas de amplificação de RT-PCR e utilizando o método ΔΔCT. Não foram encontradas distribuições de genótipos GSTM1 e GSTT1 Null/Present estatisticamente significativas entre a nossa amostra de teste e o grupo de controlo. No contexto da expressão relativa de GSTT1, verificou-se que variações muito acentuadas ao longo da época desportiva ou após um exercício foram prejudiciais à performance física dos nadadores. Encontramos também algumas diferenças na recuperação das nadadoras, mantendo uma expressão mais alta e por um maior período de tempo após o exercício físico intenso que os homens. Além disso, verificou-se uma tendência para os indivíduos GSTM1 Null manterem os níveis de expressão relativa de GSTT1, ao longo da época e após um exercício intenso, mais estáveis, o que parece favorecer o seu rendimento. Conclui-se ainda que a análise da evolução da expressão relativa de GSTT1 em vários treinos, após uma competição ou outro exercício de elevada intensidade, pode ajudar a perceber qual a forma atual de um nadador.
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Hall, James. "The oxidative stability of FAME in the model Crankcase environment." Thesis, Imperial College London, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/39341.

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The use of biodiesel has increased in recent years due to the implementation of governmental policies driven by environmental, economic and political reasons. Biodiesel is composed of fatty acid methyl esters (FAME), which can be derived from plant, marine and animal sources. There have been reports of some potential problems associated with biodiesel use in modern diesel engines, with lubricant dilution by blended biodiesel fuels leading to accumulation of FAME in the oil sump in the crankcase. This project focuses on the design and implementation of an experimental model based on the Rancimat apparatus that can simulate certain aspects of the FAME degradation chemistry occurring in the crankcase and oil sump. An analysis procedure to compliment the experimental model is applied to carry out product distribution analysis on a series of (C18) model FAME, identifying and quantifying the oxidation products formed under the experimental conditions, where epoxides are the major monomeric degradation. Some oxidation kinetic parameters have been investigated using biodiesel samples, with noticeable differences in oxidation rates found when FAME are oxidised individually and when in mixtures. Kinetic factors of FAME and model base oil in single and multi-component systems have also been investigated, with the base oil displaying good oxidative stability in mixtures as well as on its own The influence of antioxidants on stabilising various model systems has shown synergistic effects. Combinations of primary and secondary antioxidants have displayed good synergy, with the suppression of the rate of hydroperoxide formation by primary antioxidants enhancing the effectiveness of the secondary antioxidant. Primary antioxidants have been observed to affect the onset of oxidation, whilst secondary antioxidants decrease the hydroperoxide and epoxide, but increase the alcohol yields as a result of autoxidation.
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Vallis, Katherine Anne. "Menadione resistance : a model for cellular defences against oxidative stress." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/20853.

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To study the genetic changes which confer resistance to oxidants, cell lines that are resistant to the redox-cycling agent, menadione, have been isolated from Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) and human transitional carcinoma (EJ) parental cell lines. They exhibit cross-resistance to chemical oxidants (hydrogen peroxide and sodium arsenite) but not to ionising radiation (in oxic conditions). The concentrations of the major sources of intracellular thiol groups, glutathione and cysteine, are two-fold greater in menadione-resistant than in the corresponding parental cell lines. Exposure to menadione results in depletion of both glutathione and cysteine but the subsequent recovery of thiols is more rapid and of greater magnitude in menadione-resistant than sensitive cell lines. 1H spin echo nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy was used to study intact cells. Using this technique the removal of menadione from suspensions of resistant and sensitive cells was observed. However, only in menadione-sensitive cells was concomitant depletion of the NMR-visible pool of glutathione observed. The acquisition of resistance to menadione was associated with significant changes in the expression of several enzymes that are implicated in the oxygen-induced stress response and in protection from redox-cycling agents. The transcription of genes encoding heme oxygenase and the glutathione-related enzymes, GST-Pi and glutathione peroxidase, increases in CHO parental cells after transient oxidative stress. These genes are constitutively induced in CHO menadione-resistant cell lines. This suggests that resistance results from perpetuation of a response that normally occurs only transiently.
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Mortimer, D. N. "Metalloporphyrin-catalysed model systems for the cytochrome P450-dependent mono-oxygenases." Thesis, University of York, 1986. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.374188.

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Zhang, Xiankuan. "Studies of methane oxidative coupling with practical catalysts and model systems." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1990. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.386819.

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Tonami, Hiroyuki. "Oxidative Polymerization of Phenolic Compounds Catalyzed by Peroxidase and Its Model Complex." 京都大学 (Kyoto University), 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/77757.

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Jennings, John Adam. "HETEROGENEOUS BASE METAL CATALYZED OXIDATIVE DEPOLYMERIZATION OF LIGNIN AND LIGNIN MODEL COMPOUNDS." UKnowledge, 2017. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/chemistry_etds/81.

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With the dwindling availability of petroleum, focus has shifted to renewable energy sources such as lignocellulosic biomass. Lignocellulosic biomass is composed of three main constituents, lignin, cellulose and hemicellulose. Due to the low value of cellulosic ethanol, utilization of the lignin component is necessary for the realization of an economically sustainable biorefinery model. Once depolymerized, lignin has the potential to replace petroleum-derived molecules used as bulk and specialty aromatic chemicals. Numerous lignin depolymerization strategies focus on cleavage of β-aryl ether linkages, usually at high temperatures and under reductive conditions. Alternatively, selective benzylic oxidation strategies have recently been explored for lignin and lignin models. In this work, heterogeneous catalytic methods using supported base metals and layered-double hydroxides were evaluated for the oxidation of lignin models both before and after benzylic oxidation. Additionally, by studying putative reaction intermediates, insights were gained into the mechanisms of oxidative fragmentation of the model compounds. Generally, it was found that after benzylic oxidation models were more susceptible to oxidative fragmentation. Indeed, several heterogeneous oxidation systems were found to convert lignin models to oxygenated aryl monomers (mainly benzoic acids and phenols) using inexpensive primary oxidants (i.e., hydrogen peroxide and molecular oxygen). Reactions were conducted at relatively mild temperatures and at low oxygen concentrations for the purpose of an easy transition to large-scale experiments. Finally, the catalytic systems that resulted in significant cleavage of lignin models were applied to a Kraft lignin. Oxidation of Kraft lignin resulted a mixture of products for which analytical data and increased solubility are consistent with interunit cleavage within the lignin macromolecule.
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Hälldin, Jonas. "Oxidative stress and alterations in the mammalian iron metabolism : a study on iron, inflammation, oxidative stress and neurodegeneration in cellular model systems /." Stockholm : Department of Neurochemistry, Stockholm University, 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-7037.

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Hung, T. H. "In vitro hypoxia-reoxygenation as a model for placental oxidative stress in preeclampsia." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.604788.

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Oxidative stress of the placenta is considered a key intermediary step in the pathogenesis of preeclampsia, but the cause for the stress remains unknown. Ischaemia-reperfusion injury, as a result of intermittent placental perfusion secondary to deficient trophoblast invasion of the endometrial arteries, is a possible mechanism. This thesis therefore tests whether hypoxia-reoxygenation (H/R) in vitro can induce placental oxidative stress, and cause increased apoptosis and production of tumour necrosis factor-α as seen in the preeclamptic placenta. The first aim was to examine the oxidative status of human placental tissues during periods of hypoxia and reoxygenation in vitro. Rapid generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) was detected using a fluorescent marker when hypoxic villous samples were reoxygenated. The expression of oxidative stress markers including nitrotyrosine residues, 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal adducts, and inducible heat shock protein 72 was greatly increased in villous samples subjected to H/R compared to the controls maintained under constant hypoxia. Furthermore, preloading villous samples with ROS scavengers such as desferrioxamine and α-phenyl-N-tert-butylnitrone significantly reduced the levels of oxidative stress in H/R. Having demonstrated that in vitro H/R is capable of inducing oxidative stress in a reproducible and manipulable manner, investigations were next carried out to study the effects of resultant oxidative stress on apoptosis within the trophoblast. Compared to hypoxic and normoxic controls, there was a significant increase in the release of cytochrome c from mitochondria, activation of caspase , and cleavage of poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase in villous samples subjected to H/R. These events were associated with an increased number of syncytiotrophoblastic nuclei displaying apoptotic changes and increased lactate dehydrogenase release into the medium. The causal relationship between the generation of ROS and these apoptotic changes was revealed by the fact that pre-administration of desferrioxamine attenuated the insult.
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Books on the topic "The oxidative model"

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Shoesmith, D. W. Validation of the oxidative dissolution model for used CANDU fuel. Pinawa, Man: Whiteshell Laboratories, 1997.

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Chowdhary, Rubinah K. Photosensitised oxidation in cells and model systems. Salford: University of Salford, 1991.

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Dezső, Gál, ed. Modelling of oxidation processes: Prototype, the oxidation of ethylbenzene. Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1986.

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Basu, Samar, and Lars Wiklund. Studies on experimental models. New York: Humana Press, 2011.

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McMurray, Trudy Angela. The photocatalytic oxidation of model pollutants on TiO2 films. [S.l: The author], 2004.

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Owen, Neil Eric. The alkaline nitrobenzene oxidation of model compounds and solid fuel derivatives. Birmingham: Aston University. Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, 1986.

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Cho, Charles Young. Role of oxidative stress in two models of insulin resistance within primary rat adipocytes. Ottawa: National Library of Canada, 1999.

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Davis, G. B. A model of oxidation in pyritic mine wastes: Part 1, equations and approximate solution. S.l: s.n, 1986.

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Meagher, J. F. Methods for simulating gas phase SOb2s oxidation in atmospheric models. Research Triangle Park, NC: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Atmospheric Sciences Research Laboratory, 1985.

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Lai, Laura R. B. Protein oxidation occurs in cardiomyocytes exposed to an in vitro model of hypoxia/reperfusion injury. Ottawa: National Library of Canada, 1996.

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Book chapters on the topic "The oxidative model"

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Canevali, Carmen, Franca Morazzoni, Marco Orlandi, Bruno Rindone, Roberto Scotti, Jussi Sipila, and Gosta Brunow. "Oxidative Degradation of Dimeric Lignin Model Compounds." In ACS Symposium Series, 197–210. Washington, DC: American Chemical Society, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bk-2001-0785.ch011.

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Minami, M., N. Hamaue, M. Hirafuji, H. Saito, T. Hiroshige, A. Ogata, K. Tashiro, and S. H. Parvez. "Isatin, an endogenous MAO inhibitor, and a rat model of Parkinson’s disease induced by the Japanese encephalitis virus." In Oxidative Stress and Neuroprotection, 87–95. Vienna: Springer Vienna, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-211-33328-0_10.

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Gomez-Cabrera, Mari Carmen, Fabian Sanchis-Gomar, Vladimir Essau Martinez-Bello, Sandra Ibanez-Sania, Ana Lucia Nascimento, Li Li Ji, and Jose Vina. "Exercise as a Model to Study Oxidative Stress." In Studies on Experimental Models, 531–42. Totowa, NJ: Humana Press, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-60761-956-7_26.

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del Carmen Baez, María, Mariana Tarán, Mónica Moya, and María de la Paz Scribano Parada. "Oxidative Stress in Metabolic Syndrome: Experimental Model of Biomarkers." In Modulation of Oxidative Stress in Heart Disease, 313–38. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-8946-7_12.

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Carail, Michel, Pascale Goupy, Eric Reynaud, Olivier Dangles, and Catherine Caris-Veyrat. "Oxidative Cleavage Products of Lycopene: Production and Reactivity in a Biomimetic Experimental Model of Oxidative Stress." In ACS Symposium Series, 191–205. Washington, DC: American Chemical Society, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bk-2013-1134.ch016.

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Farooqui, Tahira. "Molecular Basis of Iron-induced Oxidative Stress in the Honeybee Brain: A Potential Model System of Olfactory Dysfunction in Neurological Diseases." In Oxidative Stress in Vertebrates and Invertebrates, 295–307. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118148143.ch21.

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Yfanti, Christina, Søren Nielsen, Camilla Scheele, and Bente Klarlund Pedersen. "Exercise as a Model to Study Interactions Between Oxidative Stress and Inflammation." In Studies on Experimental Models, 521–29. Totowa, NJ: Humana Press, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-60761-956-7_25.

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Furnari, Melody, Constance L. L. Saw, Ah-Ng T. Kong, and George C. Wagner. "Animal Model of Autistic Regression: Link to Toxicant-Induced Oxidative Stress." In Oxidative Stress in Applied Basic Research and Clinical Practice, 393–416. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-0440-2_19.

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Basu, Samar. "Carbon Tetrachloride-Induced Hepatotoxicity: A Classic Model of Lipid Peroxidation and Oxidative Stress." In Studies on Experimental Models, 467–80. Totowa, NJ: Humana Press, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-60761-956-7_21.

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Morita, Manabu, Daisuke Ekuni, and Takaaki Tomofuji. "Association Between Oxidative Stress and Periodontal Diseases in Animal Model Studies." In Studies on Periodontal Disease, 33–51. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-9557-4_3.

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Conference papers on the topic "The oxidative model"

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Sridharan, S., R. Layek, A. Datta, and J. Venkatraj. "Boolean network model of oxidative stress response pathways." In 2012 American Control Conference - ACC 2012. IEEE, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/acc.2012.6315168.

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Umriukhin, Pavel, Natalia Veiko, Elizaveta Ershova, Galina Shmarina, Andrey Martynov, Anton Filev, Anastasia Poletkina, et al. "OXIDATIVE DNA MODIFICATION IN EXPERIMENTAL STRESS MODEL IN VIVO." In XV International interdisciplinary congress "Neuroscience for Medicine and Psychology". LLC MAKS Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.29003/m588.sudak.ns2019-15/418-419.

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"Subcompartmented oxphosomic model of the mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation system." In Plant Genetics, Genomics, Bioinformatics, and Biotechnology. Novosibirsk ICG SB RAS 2021, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18699/plantgen2021-210.

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Mohammadi, Hamid, and Roozbeh Dargazany. "Micro-Mechanical Model for Thermo-Oxidative Aging of Elastomers." In ASME 2018 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2018-88109.

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In this study, a micro-mechanical model for constitutive behavior of elastomers subjected to thermo-oxidative aging is proposed. The model is based on the network decomposition concept and lies within the framework of continuum mechanics. It is assumed that the aging process leads to the formation of a new network with tighter chains. Accordingly, the strain energy of the system is constituted of two independent sources, the energy of the original soft network and the one of the reformed network. These strain energies were computed by integration of entropic energy of polymer chains in each direction of a micro-sphere. The model demonstrates good agreement with different experimental data on relaxation and intermittent tests.
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Язовцева, Ольга, Ирек Губайдуллин, and Елизавета Пескова. "Investigation of a mathematical model of oxidative catalyst regeneration." In International scientific conference "Ufa autumn mathematical school - 2021". Baskir State University, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.33184/mnkuomsh2t-2021-10-06.101.

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Goenka, Shilpi, Srikara V. Peelukhana, Jay Kim, Keith F. Stringer, and Rupak K. Banerjee. "Endothelial Cell Injury Under High Frequency Vibration in the Rat-Tail Model." In ASME 2011 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2011-53571.

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Hand-Arm Vibration Syndrome (HAVS) consists of vascular, sensorineural and musculoskeletal disorders and affects around 1.7–5.8% of industrial workers. In this study, a rat-tail vibration injury model is used to assess early vascular damage due to HAVS, manifested in the form of endothelial cell vacuolation and oxidative injury. Tails were vibrated at two frequencies 125Hz and 250Hz for 4hr/day for 1 and 5 days (49m/s2). Hematoxylin and Eosin (H&E) staining was done to assess gross changes in artery sections and toluidine blue stain was done for vacuole counting. Immunohistochemical (IHC) methods were used to detect Nitrotyrosine, a potent biomarker of cell inflammation and oxidative stress. The vacuole count in Endothelial Cells (ECs) was not statistically significant after 1 and 5 days for any frequency. However IHC images showed significant oxidative damage in Endothelial Cells (ECs) with considerable oxidative damage being induced as early as 1 day for both 125Hz and 250Hz frequencies, with more EC damage induced by 250Hz frequency after 5 days. These findings indicate that higher frequency vibrations can cause severe oxidative damage to EC.
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Mizutani, T., A. Sato, A. Watanabe, Y. Hamakawa, K. Uemasu, N. Tanabe, S. Sato, and T. Hirai. "Susceptibility to Oxidative Stress Characterizes Phenotypes in Murine Model of BPD." In American Thoracic Society 2019 International Conference, May 17-22, 2019 - Dallas, TX. American Thoracic Society, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1164/ajrccm-conference.2019.199.1_meetingabstracts.a5488.

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Cai, J. M., S. Y. Chen, Liejin Guo, D. D. Joseph, Y. Matsumoto, Y. Sommerfeld, and Yueshe Wang. "Weibull mixture model for isoconversional kinetic analysis of biomass oxidative pyrolysis." In THE 6TH INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON MULTIPHASE FLOW, HEAT MASS TRANSFER AND ENERGY CONVERSION. AIP, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3366342.

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Ghanian, Zahra, Sepideh Maleki, Sandeep Gopalakrishnan, Reyhaneh Sepehr, Janis T. Eells, and Mahsa Ranji. "Optical imaging of oxidative stress in retinitis pigmentosa (RP) in rodent model." In SPIE BiOS, edited by Gerard L. Coté. SPIE, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2004843.

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Jewell, Brittany E., An Xu, Ruoji Zhou, Dandan Zhu, Linchao Lu, Ruying Zhao, Lisa L. Wang, and Dung-Fang Lee. "Abstract B36: A novel model of osteosarcomagenesis reveals dysregulation of oxidative phosphorylation." In Abstracts: AACR Special Conference on the Advances in Pediatric Cancer Research; September 17-20, 2019; Montreal, QC, Canada. American Association for Cancer Research, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7445.pedca19-b36.

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Reports on the topic "The oxidative model"

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Lin, Paul P., Alec J. Jaeger, Tung-Yun Wu, Sharon C. Xu, Abraxa S. Lee, Fanke Gao, Po-Wei Chen, and James C. Liao. Construction of a Robust Non-Oxidative Glycolysis in Model Organisms for n-Butanol Production. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), April 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1506427.

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Handa, Avtar K., Yuval Eshdat, Avichai Perl, Bruce A. Watkins, Doron Holland, and David Levy. Enhancing Quality Attributes of Potato and Tomato by Modifying and Controlling their Oxidative Stress Outcome. United States Department of Agriculture, May 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2004.7586532.bard.

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General The final goal and overall objective of the current research has been to modify lipid hydroperoxidation in order to create desirable phenotypes in two important crops, potato and tomato, which normally are exposed to abiotic stress associated with such oxidation. The specific original objectives were: (i) the roles of lipoxygenase (LOX) and phospholipids hydroperoxide glutathione peroxidase (PHGPx) in regulating endogenous levels of lipid peroxidation in plant tissues; (ii) the effect of modified lipid peroxidation on fruit ripening, tuber quality, crop productivity and abiotic stress tolerance; (iii) the effect of simultaneous reduction of LOX and increase of PHGPx activities on fruit ripening and tuber quality; and (iv) the role of lipid peroxidation on expression of specific genes. We proposed to accomplish the research goal by genetic engineering of the metabolic activities of LOX and PHGPx using regulatable and tissue specific promoters, and study of the relationships between these two consecutive enzymes in the metabolism and catabolism of phospholipids hydroperoxides. USA Significant progress was made in accomplishing all objectives of proposed research. Due to inability to regenerate tomato plants after transforming with 35S-PHGPx chimeric gene construct, the role of low catalase induced oxidative stress instead of PHGPx was evaluated on agronomical performance of tomato plant and fruit quality attributes. Effects of polyamine, that protects DNA from oxidative stress, were also evaluated. The transgenic plants under expressing lipoxygenase (LOX-sup) were crossed with catalase antisense (CAT-anti) plants or polyamine over producing plants (SAM-over) and the lines homozygous for the two transgenes were selected. Agronomical performance of these line showed that low catalase induced oxidative stress negatively affected growth and development of tomato plants and resulted in a massive change in fruit gene expression. These effects of low catalase activity induced oxidative stress, including the massive shift in gene expression, were greatly overcome by the low lipoxygenase activity. Collectively results show that oxidative stress plays significant role in plant growth including the fruit growth. These results also for the first time indicated that a crosstalk between oxidative stress and lipoxygenase regulated processes determine the outcome during plant growth and development. Israel Regarding PHGPx, most of the study has concentrated on the first and the last specific objectives, since it became evident that plant transformation with this gene is not obvious. Following inability to achieve efficient transformation of potato and tomato using a variety of promoters, model plant systems (tobacco and potato cell cultures, tobacco calli and plantlets, and Arabidopsis) were used to establish the factors and to study the obstacles which prohibited the regeneration of plants carrying the genetic machinery for overproduction of PHGPx. Our results clearly demonstrate that while genetic transformation and over-expression of PHGPx occurs in pre-developmental tissue stage (cell culture, calli clusters) or in completed plant (Arabidopsis), it is likely that over-expression of this enzyme before tissue differentiation is leading to a halt of the regeneration process. To support this assumption, experiments, in which genetic engineering of a point-mutated PHGPx gene enable transformation and over-expression in plants of PhSPY modified in its catalytic site and thus inactive enzymatically, were successfully carried out. These combined results strongly suggest, that if in fact, like in animals and as we established in vitro, the plant PHGPx exhibits PH peroxidase activity, these peroxides are vital for the organisms developmental process.
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Azman, Khairunnuur Fairuz. Effects Of Goat Milk On Memory Performance, Oxidative Status And Neurotrophic Factors In D-Galactose-Induced Ageing Rat Model. Biomedpress, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.15419/arr.2019.3.

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Schutt, Timothy C., and Manoj K. Shukla. Computational Investigation on Interactions Between Some Munitions Compounds and Humic Substances. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), February 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/39703.

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Humic acid substances (HAs) in natural soil and sediment environments effect the retention and degradation of insensitive munitions compounds and legacy high explosives (MCs): DNAN, DNi- NH4+, nMNA, NQ, NTO (neutral and anionic forms), TNT, and RDX.A humic acid model compound has been considered using molecular dynamics, thermodynamic integration, and density functional theory to characterize the munition binding ability, ionization potential, and electron affinity compared to that in the water solution. Humic acids bind most compounds and act as both a sink and source for electrons. Ionization potentials suggest HAs are more susceptible to oxidation than the MCs studied. The electron affinity of HAs are very conformation-dependent and spans the same range as the munition compounds. When HAs and MCs are complexed the HAs tend to radicalize first thus buffering MCs against reductive as well as oxidative attacks.
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Kanner, Joseph, Edwin Frankel, Stella Harel, and Bruce German. Grapes, Wines and By-products as Potential Sources of Antioxidants. United States Department of Agriculture, January 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1995.7568767.bard.

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Several grape varieties and red wines were found to contain large concentration of phenolic compounds which work as antioxidant in-vitro and in-vivo. Wastes from wine production contain antioxidants in large amounts, between 2-6% on dry material basis. Red wines but also white wines were found to prevent lipid peroxidation of turkey muscle tissues stored at 5oC. The antioxidant reaction of flavonoids found in red wines against lipid peroxidation were found to depend on the structure of the molecule. Red wine flavonoids containing an orthodihydroxy structure around the B ring were found highly active against LDL and membrane lipid peroxidation. The antioxidant activity of red wine polyphenols were also found to be dependent on the catalyzer used. In the presence of H2O2-activated myoglobin, the inhibition efficiency was malvidin 3-glucoside>catechin>malvidin>resveratol. However, in the presence of an iron redox cycle catalyzer, the order of effectiveness was resveratol>malvidin 3-glucoside = malvidin>catechin. Differences in protein binding were found to affect antioxidant activity in inhibiting LDL oxidation. A model protein such as BSA, was investigated on the antioxidant activity of phenolic compounds, grape extracts, and red wines in a lecithin-liposome model system. Ferulic acid followed by malvidin and rutin were the most efficient in inhibiting both lipid and protein oxidation. Catechin, a flavonal found in red-wines in relatively high concentration was found to inhibit myoglobin catalyzed linoleate membrane lipid peroxidation at a relatively very low concentration. This effect was studied by the determination of the by-products generated from linoleate during oxidation. The study showed that hydroperoxides are catalytically broken down, not to an alcohol but most probably to a non-radical adduct. The ability of wine-phenolics to reduce iron and from complexes with metals were also demonstrated. Low concentration of wine phenolics were found to inhibit lipoxygenase type II activity. An attempt to understand the bioavailability in humans of antocyanins from red wine showed that two antocyanins from red wine were found unchanged in human urine. Other antocyanins seems to undergo molecular modification. In hypercholesterolemic hamsters, aortic lipid deposition was significantly less in animals fed diets supplemented with either catechin or vitamin E. The rate of LDL accumulation in the carotid arteries was also significantly lower in the catechin and vitamin E animal groups. These results suggested a novel mechanism by which wine phenolics are associated with decreased risk of coronary heart diseases. This study proves in part our hypothesis that the "French Paradox" could be explained by the action of the antioxidant effects of phenolic compounds found at high concentration in red wines. The results of this study argue that it is in the interest of public health to increase the consumption of dietary plant falvonoids. Our results and these from others, show that the consumption of red wine or plant derived polyphenolics can change the antioxidant tone of animal and human plasma and its isolated components towards oxidative reactions. However, we need more research to better understand bioavailability and the mechanism of how polyphenolics affect health and disease.
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Marinov, N. Detailed chemical kinetic model for ethanol oxidation. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), April 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/611758.

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Coryell, E. W., S. A. Chavez, K. L. Davis, and M. H. Mortensen. Design report: SCDAP/RELAP5 reflood oxidation model. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), October 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/10115541.

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Coryell, E. W., S. A. Chavez, K. L. Davis, and M. H. Mortensen. Design report: SCDAP/RELAP5 reflood oxidation model. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), October 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/6844081.

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SAULT, ALLEN G., JASON E. MUDD, JAMES E. MILLER, JUDITH A. RUFFNER, MARK A. RODRIGUEZ, and RALPH G. TISSOT, JR. Thin Film Models of Magnesium Orthovanadate Catalysts for Oxidative Dehydrogenation. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), March 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/776352.

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Elmann, Anat, Orly Lazarov, Joel Kashman, and Rivka Ofir. therapeutic potential of a desert plant and its active compounds for Alzheimer's Disease. United States Department of Agriculture, March 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2015.7597913.bard.

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We chose to focus our investigations on the effect of the active forms, TTF and AcA, rather than the whole (crude) extract. 1. To establish cultivation program designed to develop lead cultivar/s (which will be selected from the different Af accessions) with the highest yield of the active compounds TTF and/or achillolide A (AcA). These cultivar/s will be the source for the purification of large amounts of the active compounds when needed in the future for functional foods/drug development. This task was completed. 2. To determine the effect of the Af extract, TTF and AcA on neuronal vulnerability to oxidative stress in cultured neurons expressing FAD-linked mutants.Compounds were tested in N2a neuroblastoma cell line. In addition, we have tested the effects of TTF and AcA on signaling events promoted by H₂O₂ in astrocytes and by β-amyloid in neuronal N2a cells. 3. To determine the effect of the Af extract, TTF and AcA on neuropathology (amyloidosis and tau phosphorylation) in cultured neurons expressing FAD-linked mutants. 4. To determine the effect of A¦ extract, AcA and TTF on FAD-linked neuropathology (amyloidosis, tau phosphorylation and inflammation) in transgenic mice. 5. To examine whether A¦ extract, TTF and AcA can reverse behavioral deficits in APPswe/PS1DE9 mice, and affect learning and memory and cognitive performance in these FAD-linked transgenic mice. Background to the topic.Neuroinflammation, oxidative stress, glutamate toxicity and amyloid beta (Ab) toxicity are involved in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's diseases. We have previously purified from Achilleafragrantissimatwo active compounds: a protective flavonoid named 3,5,4’-trihydroxy-6,7,3’-trimethoxyflavone (TTF, Fl-72/2) and an anti-inflammatory sesquiterpenelactone named achillolide A (AcA). Major conclusions, solutions, achievements. In this study we could show that TTF and AcA protected cultured astrocytes from H₂O₂ –induced cell death via interference with cell signaling events. TTF inhibited SAPK/JNK, ERK1/2, MEK1 and CREBphosphorylation, while AcA inhibited only ERK1/2 and MEK1 phosphorylation. In addition to its protective activities, TTF had also anti-inflammatory activities, and inhibited the LPS-elicited secretion of the proinflammatorycytokinesInterleukin 6 (IL-6) and IL-1b from cultured microglial cells. Moreover, TTF and AcA protected neuronal cells from glutamate and Abcytotoxicity by reducing the glutamate and amyloid beta induced levels of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) and via interference with cell signaling events induced by Ab. These compounds also reduced amyloid precursor protein net processing in vitro and in vivo in a mouse model for Alzheimer’s disease and improvedperformance in the novel object recognition learning and memory task. Conclusion: TTF and AcA are potential candidates to be developed as drugs or food additives to prevent, postpone or ameliorate Alzheimer’s disease. Implications, both scientific and agricultural.The synthesis ofAcA and TTF is very complicated. Thus, the plant itself will be the source for the isolation of these compounds or their precursors for synthesis. Therefore, Achilleafragrantissima could be developed into a new crop with industrial potential for the Arava-Negev area in Israel, and will generate more working places in this region.
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