Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'The nature of teachers' work'
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McPherren, Ann C. "An analysis of faculty workload and the nature of faculty work assignments in small public and private institutions of higher education." Virtual Press, 1992. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/861381.
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The study was designed to compare faculty workload systems used by Christian College Coalition schools and their counterparts in public higher education. Research into the relationships between the nature of institutional ownership (public versus private), the existence of a labor management agreement, and faculty workload hours also was performed.Eighty-six percent of respondents use a semester hours system for accounting faculty workload. While chi-square analysis (.05 level) indicated that unionized schools are more likely to be public institutions, faculty hour assignments or the number of faculty activities granted load credit were not found to differ significantly based on unionization.Faculty hour workload assignments in public and private colleges were not found to be significantly different (.05 level). While the sample contained only institutions with a 1991 full-time equivalent enrollment of 3,000 or less, a negative correlation (R= -.2157) between enrollment and faculty workload was found. On average, responding institutions give quantitative load credit for seven activities other than teaching, such as, student teacher supervision, administrative assignments, coaching, and department chairmanship.3Department of Educational Leadership
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Meier, Lori T. "Questioning the Problematic Nature of School Culture in Elementary Teacher Education." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2019. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/5882.
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This paper explores the role of school culture as embodied by elementary teacher preparation in relationship to humanizing pedagogies. Further, it explores how the school culture of elementary teacher preparation can be experienced as an oppressive force towards identity formation and humanization for students who position themselves outside of the conventional norms of the field and traditionally accepted membership criteria. A brief play in three acts shares anecdotes from students who consider themselvesin the margins of elementary teacher preparation with recommendations for teacher educators seeking to humanize the elementary teacher preparation curriculum and experience to be inclusive of all students.
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Meßmann, Gerhard [Verfasser], and Regina [Akademischer Betreuer] Mulder. "Innovative work behaviour: Investigating the nature and facilitation of vocational teachers‘ contributions to innovation development / Gerhard Meßmann. Betreuer: Regina Mulder." Regensburg : Universitätsbibliothek Regensburg, 2012. http://d-nb.info/1027410154/34.
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Meiring, Leslie Frank. "The development of a typology of science teachers' views on the nature of science and science practical work: an evaluative pilot study." Thesis, Rhodes University, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1007607.
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Many theories on the nature of science and the nature of learning have been proposed. In particular, two theoretical orientations have been identified as having a decisive impact on activities in the school science classroom, namely "Inductivism" and "Constructivism". Inductivism views observations as objective, facts as constants and knowledge as being obtained from a fixed external reality. The constructivist view sees all knowledge as "reality" reconstructed in the mind of the learner. Each view predisposes certain orientations towards the science curriculum and within it particularly to assessment. It is postulated that teachers' views on science will influence how they teach and assess it. An "inductivist" teacher is more likely to reward certain approved responses from learners whereas a "constructivist" teacher is more likely to attend to learners' unique observations as evidence of their thinking. In this study a questionnaire was developed in an attempt classify science teachers according to their views on the nature of science and learning, and during this process encourage them to reflect on these views. It is hoped that the instrument could measure any changes in teacher's views as a result of the teachers becoming more reflective practitioners over time. Research indicates that the majority of teachers have a predominantly inductivist view of science. The study confirmed the results of other researchers by showing that a majority of non-tertiary science educators could be classified as being strongly inductivist. However, the overall proportion of these teachers was not as high as expected. Of possible concern was the indication that the strongly constructivist group showed very strong inductivist tendencies when assessing written tests which involved pupils' responses to laboratory observations.
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Oliveira, Maíra dos Santos. "Atividade docente no capitalismo: uma análise da produção acadêmica a partir da categoria trabalho." Pós-Graduação em Serviço Social, 2013. https://ri.ufs.br/handle/riufs/6228.
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The research present have study object ´´the nature of the teaching activity performed in capitalism`` and has as its general objective: "to analyze the teaching activity carried on in the capitalist mode of production, from the work category, in order to verify how it is being discussed the nature of this activity in academic productions". This is a literature whose sources are secondary. Appropriates historical and dialectical materialism as a method, which involves asserting that reality is the starting point of the whole analysis. The chapters presented deal with the development of human sociality process whose central category is the work, the resulting changes to the capitalist mode of production, addressing two central categories to understand it today: productive and unproductive labor. Approach the nature of teaching activity from these categories and dialogue with the academic productions that deal with this theme and are available at the Bank of CAPES thesis. The research allows to characterize the teaching activity as a situated action in the list of secondary teleological positions; argue that although it is employed, the teacher is not productive worker, since it does not produce nor asset value, and assert that there is only one nature of teaching activity determinations suffering differentiated depending on the sphere to which it is subjected.A presente pesquisa tem como objeto de estudo a natureza da atividade docente exercida no capitalismo e apresenta como objetivo geral: analisar a atividade docente exercida no modo de produção capitalista, a partir da categoria trabalho, no sentido de verificar como está sendo discutida a natureza dessa atividade nas produções acadêmicas . Trata-se de uma pesquisa bibliográfica cujas fontes são secundárias. Apropria-se do materialismo histórico-dialético como método, o que implica afirmar que a realidade é o ponto de partida de toda a análise. Os capítulos apresentados versam sobre desenvolvimento do processo de sociabilidade humana cuja categoria central é o trabalho, as modificações advindas com o modo de produção capitalista, tratando de duas categorias centrais para compreendê-lo na atualidade: trabalho produtivo e improdutivo. Abordam a natureza da atividade docente a partir dessas categorias e dialogam com as produções acadêmicas que tratam da temática e se encontram disponibilizadas no Banco de Teses da CAPES. A pesquisa possibilita caracterizar a atividade docente como uma ação situada no rol das posições teleológicas secundárias; argumentar que embora seja assalariado, o docente não é trabalhador produtivo, visto que não produz valor nem tampouco mais-valia; e afirmar que somente há uma natureza da atividade docente que sofre determinações diferenciadas a depender da esfera a que esteja submetida.
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Gyllenpalm, Jakob. "Teachers' Language of Inquiry : The Conflation Between Methods of Teaching and Scientific Inquiry in Science Education." Doctoral thesis, Stockholms universitet, Institutionen för matematikämnets och naturvetenskapsämnenas didaktik, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-42694.
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The objective of this thesis is to describe and analyse customs of science teaching in secondary schools and teacher education programmes in Sweden in relation to the notion of “inquiry” in science education. The main focus is on customs of language use and the educational goal of learning about scientific inquiry as distinct from the related goals of learning to do inquiry and learning canonical science content. There is also an exploration and description of different teaching approaches associated with “inquiry”. Previous research has noted that a key issue for reaching the goal of learning about scientific inquiry is the extent to which teachers are able to guide students to explicitly reflect upon this topic. A prerequisite is that teachers give students access to relevant categories of language for explicit reflection on the characteristics of scientific inquiry. Because of the situated nature of language use and learning, this also raises the need to address topics of context, culture and customs in science education. This thesis addresses the questions of how existing customs of teaching science are related to the goal of learning about scientific inquiry, how inquiry-related terminology is used in this context, and how relevant distinctions can be made to aid explicit reflection on these issues. Data has been collected in two studies and analysed and presented in four papers. Study 1 is based on interviews with twelve secondary school science teachers, and Study 2 is based on focus group interviews with 32 pre-service teacher students. The results include a description of the existing customs of inquiry-oriented instructional approaches in Swedish secondary schools. They show that these are often not connected with an explicit focus on teaching about the characteristics of scientific inquiry. Inquiry-related terminology is analysed with a focus on the role and use of the terms “hypothesis” and “experiment”. Based on a theoretical framework of sociocultural and pragmatist views on language and learning, it is shown how the use of these terms, both in secondary schools and teacher education, tend to conflate the two categories methods of teaching and methods of scientific inquiry. Some problematic consequences for reaching the goal of learning about scientific inquiry are discussed, as well as possible origins of the problems and how the results from this thesis can be useful in overcoming these.At the time of the doctoral defense, the following papers were unpublished and had a status as follows: Paper 3: Submitted. Paper 4: Submitted.
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Blom, Ida, and Raime Amin. "Vi säger samma sak, men vi menar olika saker : Sex förskolepedagogers upplevelser av kommunikation med föräldrar med ett annat modersmål än svenska." Thesis, Högskolan i Halmstad, Akademin för hälsa och välfärd, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hh:diva-34773.
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Arbete tar upp relationen mellan förskolepedagoger och föräldrar med ett annat modersmål än svenska och undersöker pedagogernas upplevelser av denna typ av kommunikation. Frågeställningarna i denna undersökning är ” I vilka situationer upplever pedagogerna kommunikationen brister? ” och ”Vilka åtgärder finns i situationer där kommunikationen brister? ” samt ” Hur upplever pedagogerna den egna kompetensen i kommunikationen med föräldrar med ett annat modersmål än svenska? Resultaten visar att den egna kompetensen brister när pedagogerna möter dessa föräldrar och flertalet pedagoger saknar detta i sin utbildning. Empirin är baserat på semi-strukturerade intervjuer med sex förskolepedagoger på kommunala förskolor i Storstockholm. Materialet är analyserat genom en kvalitativ tematisk analys där olika teman togs fram och som presenteras i resultatkapitlet. Arbetets teoretiska utgångspunkter som resultatet analyseras utifrån är det sociokulturella perspektivet och symbolisk interaktionism. Den vetenskapsteoretiska utgångspunkten är ett socialkonstruktivistiskt perspektiv. Eftersom resultaten visar att förskolepedagogerna anser att deras egen kompetens inte är tillräcklig och skulle önska mer fokus på kommunikation med föräldrar under utbildningen, är ett förslag till praktiska insatser att utveckla utbildningen till att möta detta.
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Linder, Linn. "Pedagogers syn på utomhuspedagogik." Thesis, Södertörns högskola, Lärarutbildningen, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-5366.
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The purpose of the research is to find out how the teacher of the pre-school looks at the value of the nature Pre-school. To get an understanding of what the nature pre-school enviorment can bring, we are talking about learning, knowledge, and experience combined with the everyday lessons learned from the natural world. The research is a stepping stone on the pre-school teacher’s thoughts and reflections of what a nature pre-school is. This is grounded in a view of how having options for alternative schools lead to wider research, and all conclusions where formed after multiple interviews and analysis. The results showed that the teachers involved are very positive to the nature pre-school environment and learning process. They see many opportunities for the children’s growth from this learning experience. Nature is the classroom for teaching and learning and creates opportunities for the children to use all the senses, and find out how things work and connect with each other. In the interaction between the children and the teacher they are able to take advantage in developing gross and fine motor skills, with the understanding and the connection between the animal and growth in the nature. All this information they take in from this experience is a valuble tool to be used all through out there life’s.
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Högström, Per. "Laborativt arbete i grundskolans senare år : lärares mål och hur de implementeras." Doctoral thesis, Umeå universitet, Matematik, teknik och naturvetenskap, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-20628.
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Laboratory work is considered important for student achievements in science education. This thesis will contribute with increased knowledge about lab work in science education in Swedish secondary school. The main purposes are to describe secondary school science teachers’ objectives for lab work and to describe how these objectives are implemented during laboratory exercises. The thesis shows and discusses, from a teacher perspective, the complexity involved in lab work.The thesis is comprised of four papers based on empirical analysis of teacher interviews, laboratory manuals and laboratory exercises. Two interview studies identified which objectives the teachers consider important and compared these to international studies. Two case studies identified how the teachers’ objectives are put forward during lab work and what factors are important for the implementation of objectives.The results from the interview studies show that Swedish secondary school science teachers express general objectives including the development of students’ understanding of concepts and phenomena, of their interest in science and ability to think and reflect upon labwork. This is to a large extent in accordance with objectives identified in international studies. However, when the teachers describe specific laboratory exercises they emphasize the activity and the laboratory skills. Some of the teachers describe lab work that includes scientific inquiry but not specifically, knowledge about the nature of science. Scientific inquiry was mostly used to develop interest in science and not to develop knowledge about how to systematically investigate phenomena in nature. The teachers express their objectives differently in different contexts. The laboratory manuals mostly put forward objectives to help students identify objects and phenomena and to learn facts, which is not always in accordance with the teachers objectives. Results from the case studies show that the teachers’ objectives do not always correspond to the students’ views of important things to learn. It is not obvious that lab work in itself make students understand a certain scientific content, they need help to “see what is intended to be seen”. Interactions between the teacher and the students are important to help students perceive the teacher’s objectives. Many interactions have a starting point in the laboratory manuals, and if the objectives in the manual correspond to the teacher’s objectives it makes it easier for both the students and the teacher to reach the intentions for the laboratory exercise. Implications for science teaching are discussed.Att laborationer har en naturlig och central plats i naturvetenskaplig undervisning håller de flesta med om men hur stor vikt svenska grundskollärare lägger på det laborativa arbetet och dess betydelse för elevers lärande i naturvetenskap är inte klarlagt. Denna avhandling ska ge ytterligare kunskap om det laborativa arbetet i svensk grundskola. Avhandlingen har två huvudsyften. Det ena är att ge en beskrivning av de mål för laborativt arbete som lärare i den svenska grundskolans senare år anser viktiga. Det andra är att beskriva hur laborationer som genomförs i skolpraktiken förverkligar de uppsatta målen. Avhandlingen uppmärksammar och diskuterar det laborativa arbetets komplexitet utifrån ett lärarperspektiv.De fyra delstudierna bygger på empiriska undersökningar av intervjuer med lärare, deras laborationsinstruktioner och av det laborativa arbetets genomförande. I två intervjustudier analyseras vilka mål som anses viktiga och hur dessa förhåller sig till internationell forskning om mål med laborationer. I två fallstudier analyseras hur lärarens mål framträder under det laborativa arbetet och vilka faktorer som har betydelse för hur målen implementeras.Resultaten från intervjustudierna visar bland annat att lärare i den svenskagrundskolan uttrycker generella mål för laborativt arbete som att eleverna skautveckla sin förståelse av naturvetenskapliga begrepp och fenomen, sitt intresse för naturvetenskap, och sitt reflekterande över laborativt arbete. Detta överensstämmer i stor utsträckning med mål som framträder i internationella undersökningar. När lärarna talar om specifika laborationer betonar de istället själva aktiviteten och de laborativa färdigheterna. Lärarna uttrycker således sina mål olika i olika sammanhang. Lärarna erbjuder laborationer där undersökande arbete förekommer men de utnyttjar inte laborationerna till att skapa förståelse av naturvetenskapens karaktär. Det undersökande arbetet utnyttjas främst för att öka intresset för naturvetenskap och inte för att ge kunskap om metoder för naturvetenskapliga undersökningar. Laborationsinstruktionerna innehåller i stor utsträckning mål för att hjälpa elever att identifiera objekt och att lära sig fakta. Instruktionernas mål stämmer inte alltid överens med lärarnas mål med laborationerna. Resultaten från fallstudierna visar att lärarna ofta har fler mål med laborationerna än de som kommer fram under genomförandet och att lärarnas mål inte alltid överensstämmer med vad eleverna uppfattar som viktigt. Det är inte självklart att det laborativa arbetet i sig medför att eleverna förstår ett visst naturvetenskapligt innehåll, eleverna behöver hjälp att ”se vad som är avsett att se”. Interaktionerna mellan lärare och elever och mellan elever och elever är mycket viktiga för att eleverna ska uppfatta målen. Mycket av interaktionerna tar sin utgångspunkt i laborationsinstruktionen. Om målen i denna överensstämmer med de mål läraren vill eftersträva underlättar det både för läraren och för eleverna. I avhandlingen diskuteras konsekvenser för undervisningen.
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Jansson, Sandra, and Nathalie Larsson. "Undersökande arbete i NO : En studie om hur lågstadielärare som arbetar med NTA jämfört med andra lärare uppfattar undervisning med ett undersökande arbetssätt." Thesis, Karlstads universitet, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-84971.
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Syftet med denna studie är att bidra med ökade kunskaper om hur lärare använder och uppfattar undersökande arbete samt undersöka om det finns några skillnader beroende på om de använder sig av NTA-materialet eller inte. Dataempirin samlades in genom semistrukturerade intervjuer från tio lågstadielärare där hälften använde sig av NTA-materialet. Resultatet visar att det inte är några större skillnader mellan de två grupperna i varför lärare använder sig av ett undersökande arbete och vad eleverna ska lära sig. Skillnaderna fanns främst i hur lärarna använder sig av undersökande arbete och vilka förutsättningar som finns på skolan för att arbeta undersökande. Det fanns ett tydligt samband mellan hur de arbetade och lärarnas engagemang och intresse. Lärarnas yrkeserfarenhet och ämneskunskap visade sig även ha en stor betydelse vid användningen av arbetsmetoden.The purpose of this study is to contribute with increased knowledge of how teachers use and perceive inquiry-based work methods as well as to see if there are any differences depending on if they use the NTA-material or not. The data was collected through qualitative interviews where ten primary school teachers were interviewed. The results shows there are no major differences in why teachers use inquiry-based work methods and/or what students will learn when the methods are used. The differences rather appeared in how the teachers used the inquiry-based work methods and what type of prerequisites that are available. Furthermore, there was a strong correlation between what methods they used and the teacher’s engagement. Lastly the teachers professional experience and subject knowledge proved to have a significant meaning when using the work method.
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Hugh, Andrew. "The nature of entrepreneurial work." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape7/PQDD_0015/MQ48364.pdf.
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Preget, Louise. "The nature of management work." Thesis, Bournemouth University, 1993. http://eprints.bournemouth.ac.uk/448/.
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The thesis contributes to an understanding of the nature of Managerial work, confronting the work in its natural setting. It offers an empirically grounded description of the social organisation of managerial work; it explores the taken for granted features of managers'work that allows members to recognise and reproduce their normal everyday activities amid the variability and complexity that comprises their days work. The study finds managerial work to be a primarily verbal activity; accessible through a study of interaction. Resources of Conversation Analysis are utilised to explore how the managers use talk to accomplish their activities and to expose and test their understanding. An ethnographically informed approach reveals that the social organisation of the work is inextricable from local, referential matters. The thesis is presented in two parts. Part I explorest he 'insitu' accomplishment of a number of activities within selected instances of managerial work; a memo,a discussion of future work plans and a strategic planning meeting. It finds and demonstrates how such work as negotiating a position, identifying a problem reaching agreement is not just the outcome of a sequential organisation but of a retrospective-prospective design. Phenomena such as 'planning' and 'organising' are appropriated at the interactional level. They are found to be achieved in the insitu accomplishment of various conversational features; agreement and modification amongst others, through an understanding of local contingencies such as time scales for projects, the personalities involved, and by practices of description and explanation. Part 2 takes up an interest, begun in Part 1, with occasions when the managers offer explanations of their work. The ability to "talk about management" is found to be a competenc essential to the accomplishment of a number of managerial activities such as working up plans, making sensible a proposal. A number of occasions where particular managers offer verbal 'tours' of their work are explored. Not only doest his reveal something of how accounts get done, but it brings into the public domain some of the 'commonsense understandings' that the managers orientate in shaping up a telling of their work. Attention to these 'espoused logics' 'lines of regard' is important in terms of developing an adequate theory of the organisation of managerial work. It could be on the basis of these' practical theories' that the managers work proceeds that particular decisions get taken, plans are agreed etc.
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Jansson, Inger. "On the nature of work ability." Doctoral thesis, Hälsohögskolan, Högskolan i Jönköping, HHJ. ADULT, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-23610.
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‘Work ability’ is a multidimensional concept with importance for both society and the individual. The overall aim of this thesis was to illuminate work ability from the perspective of individuals (Studies I, III), rehabilitation (Study II) and employers (Study IV). In Study I five focus-group interviews were conducted with a total of 16 former unemployed sickness absentee participants. The interviews focused on their experiences of the environmental impact on return to work. The participants expressed a changed self-image and life rhythm. A need for reorientation and support from professionals was stressed. Experiences of being stuck in a ‘time quarantine’, i.e. a long and destructive wait for support, were also revealed. Study II was a randomised controlled study evaluating the interventional capacity of problem-based method (PBM) groups regarding anxiety, depression and stress and work ability compared to cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) as a method within the Rehabilitation Guarantee. Effects were measured with psychometric instruments. The participants, 22 in the PBM group and 28 in the CBT group, were persons on sick leave because of common mental disorders. Within-group analysis showed significant lower degree of symptoms regarding anxiety and depression for both interventions. Between-group analysis showed significant lower degree of symptoms for CBT regarding anxiety, depression and stress. Within-group analysis of work ability showed significant improvement in one (out of five) subscales for the PBM group and in four for the CBT group. No significant between-group differences were found regarding work ability. In Study III, 16 participants were interviewed after completed interventions in Study II, eight from each intervention group. The interviews focused on their experiences from the interventions and the impact on their ability to work and perform other everyday activities. The interventions were experienced as having a positive impact on their ability to work and perform other everyday activities in a more sustainable way. Reflecting on behaviour and achieving limiting strategies were perceived as helpful in both interventions, although varying abilities to incorporate strategies were described. The findings support the use of active coping-developing interventions rather than passive treatments. Study IV included interviews with 12 employers and investigated their conceptions of ‘work ability’. In the results three domains were identified: ‘employees’ contributions to work ability’, ‘employers’ contributions to work ability’ and ‘circumstances with limited work ability’. Work ability was regarded as a tool in production and its output, production, was the main issue. The employees’ commitment could bridge other shortcomings. In summary, in the work rehabilitation process, different perspectives on work ability need to be considered in order to improve not only individual performance but also rehabilitation interventions, work-places and everyday circumstances. Clearly pronounced perspectives can contribute to better illustrating the dynamic within the relational and multifaceted concept of ‘work ability’. The ability to work can thus be enhanced through improving individual abilities, discovered through reorientation and created through support and adaptation.
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Posthuma, Anna Barbara. "The nature of mathematics teachers’ reflective practice." Thesis, University of Pretoria, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/24143.
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Thoughts about reflection and reflective practice have evolved over many decades, through carefully constructed theory and research applications, mainly based on the work of Dewey (1933) and Schön (1983). Evidence also exists in the literature that the ability to reflect on practice is considered a necessity for effective instruction (Sowder, 2007). By reflecting critically teachers become more positive in the search for a new understanding of their teaching practice and design more ways to deal with the challenges that confront them daily. When teachers act reflectively, they consider carefully the problems in their own teaching and think about how those problems are related to their educational or social context. They are aware of the consequences of their teaching and how their own assumptions or beliefs can influence their teaching. This main purpose of my research study was to explore the nature of mathematics teachers’ reflective practice in the context of lesson study. To achieve this aim, an in-depth exploration of five mathematics teachers’ reflection before, during and after teaching a lesson was conducted. The possible relationship between these teachers’ reflection and their classroom practice was also examined. The research also aimed to explore whether and how mathematics teachers’ reflections differ from the conceptualisations of reflection in classroom practice as found in the literature. Contextual factors that might influence the nature of mathematics teachers’ reflective practice were also investigated. My findings indicate that the mathematics teachers in my sample have a limited understanding of the concept of reflection. Furthermore, based on lesson plan analysis, there was no evidence that these teachers reflect-for-action. However, they all reflected on-action verbally and in writing, and three of the five teachers reflected-in-action while teaching. They all reflected on Level R1 (recall level of reflection) and Level R2 (rationalisation level of reflection) and three teachers reflected critically on their learners’ understanding of mathematics and their own teaching of concepts towards the end of the research project (Lee, 2005). Language and the lesson study group experience emerged as contextual factors that seemed to influence the teachers’ reflection. Although the research study’s results cannot be generalised due to the small sample, I believe that through engaging in the lesson study experience the five teachers of this study improved their reflective practice, reporting an increase in self-knowledge and finding new ways of teaching mathematics to learners.Thesis (PhD)--University of Pretoria, 2011.
Science, Mathematics and Technology Education
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Rowles, Elizabeth. "The nature of teacher expertness and its attainment." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/32445.
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The purpose of the study was to explore the nature of teacher expertness and its attainment. The study was founded upon studies of expert teaching practice and studies of cognitive development.
Data for the study were collected from forty secondary school teachers in one large school district in British Columbia. Data analysis involved two procedures. The first was a form of content analysis designed by the researcher to examine teachers' explicit and implicit descriptions of teaching practice. The second, done in order to gain insight about the nature of expert teachers, was an adaptation of Baltes’ method of identifying five wisdom criteria. These criteria are factual knowledge, procedural knowledge, contextualism, relativism, and uncertainty. Some themes that were found to pervade teachers' discussions were also reported and discussed separately.
It was found that listening to expert teachers as they discuss their practice confirms what is known about expertness in a number of domains as well as what is known about expert teaching practice. New insights about expert teaching practice are yielded by paying attention to what is implicit in teacher-talk. It was also found that the model developed by Baltes and his associates was useful in extending knowledge of the teaching domain and might well be applied to studies of experts in other domains.
Three principal conclusions were drawn. Expert teachers are prepared to assume responsibility for their own continuing development They appear not to be prepared to assume that responsibility for their less expert colleagues. It was also concluded that administrative officers in secondary schools do not increase the expertness of teachers through the supervision of instruction and that the practice of instructional supervision for this purpose requires further study.Education, Faculty of
Graduate
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Matthaei, Emilio E. "The nature of executive work a case study." Wiesbaden Gabler, 2009. http://d-nb.info/998362794/04.
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Zhou, Wei. "Field research on the nature of engineering work." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/tape17/PQDD_0006/NQ34863.pdf.
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Chillas, Shiona. "The changing nature of graduate work and employment." Thesis, University of Strathclyde, 2010. http://oleg.lib.strath.ac.uk:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=12813.
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Jaga, Ameeta. "The nature and outcomes of work-family enrichment." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/14389.
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Includes bibliographical references (leaves 68-77).This study examined the nature and outcomes of work-family enrichment amongst South African retail employees (N = 336). Exploratory factor analysis evidenced the multi-dimensionality of work-family enrichment, its bi-directionality, and its distinctiveness from work-family conflict. Hierarchical multiple regression analysis showed that work-to-family enrichment explains a significant proportion of the variance in organisational commitment, job satisfaction, and career satisfaction and that the affect component of family-to-work enrichment explains a significant proportion of the variance in family satisfaction. Implications for both work-family theory and management practice are discussed.
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Mullins, Joanne Lyn. "The nature and antecedents of work-family enrichment." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/5832.
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Includes abstract.Includes bibliographical references (leaves 59-66).
The aim of this study is to identify and examine the antecedents of work-family enrichment. Data gathered from 221 participants employed at a South African FMCG enterprise showed that two personality characteristics, positive affectivity and self-efficacy helped predict both directions of work-family enrichment while work commitment and work engagement were shown to be significant for an individual experiencing work to family enrichment. Social support from various sources was examined (i.e. family, supervisors and perceived organizational support). Family support and perceived organizational support helped predict greater family to work enrichment and work to family enrichment respectively, yet contrary to expectations, supervisory support was not shown to increase work to family enrichment. Importantly, this study confirmed the multidimensionality of the work-family enrichment scale.
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Draper, Janet. "Reflections on teachers' work and careers." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/29090.
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This commentary reflects upon a set of papers relating to teachers’ work which are significant for a number of reasons. Firstly they begin to fill a gap in the understanding of the experience of Scottish teachers, and how they see their work and careers in teaching. Secondly the research has impacted, with other forces, upon policy at national level, by raising awareness of teachers’ experiences of employment and support within a context where the focus of rhetoric is long-term professional development. Arrangements for the support of new teachers have now changed. The analysis presented here sets the papers’ findings in a wider context of the changing nature of work and of career, and of the shape these take in teaching, and questions assumptions made about the current and future nature and length of teachers’ careers. Teachers’ work is work, public sector work and professional work and each additional characteristic shapes its nature. Contextually, globalisation and new managerial agendas have brought changes in work and career and the findings of the papers are analysed within this framework. The Scottish context, with its educational history, ways of working and recent changes in teachers’ work, provides its own unique setting for understanding teachers’ work and the impact of modernisation. It is concluded that while some common effects of modernisation are clearly identifiable for Scottish teachers’ work, satisfaction with autonomy unusually remains high. The new arrangements for teachers following from the implementation of the McCrone agreement are considered as a force for sustaining that satisfaction.
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Staric, Slak Ann Marie. "Teachers' work, making the invisible, visible." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape7/PQDD_0021/MQ56818.pdf.
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Kickbusch, Steven. "How learning designers work with teachers." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2022. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/235922/1/Steven%2BKickbusch_PhD_Thesis_2022%282%29.pdf.
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This thesis investigates the relationship between learning designers and teachers by addressing the question: How do learning designers work with teachers to develop their capability to design for learning? It explores the role of learning designers as both co-designer and coach through studies into the way that these roles play out during learning design sessions and the methods available for investigating them. It investigates how learning designers facilitate teachers’ development in three ways: design mindshift progression, design for learning skills and processes, and pedagogical skills for enacting learning designs.
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Ozdem, Yasemin. "The Nature Of Pre-service Science Teachers'." Master's thesis, METU, 2009. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/3/12611154/index.pdf.
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The purpose of this study is to explore pre-service science teachers&rsquo(PST) argumentation in the context of inquiry-oriented laboratory work. Specifically, this study investigated the kinds of argumentation schemes PSTs use as they perform inquiry-oriented laboratory tasks, and how argumentation schemes generated by PSTs vary by tasks as well as by experimentation and critical discussion sessions. The participants in this study were 35 pre-service elementary teachers, who will teach middle school science from 6th through 8th grade students after graduation. In this study, participants were engaged in six inquiry-oriented laboratory tasks. The performance of laboratory tasks consisted of two stages. Through the experimentation stage, PSTs planned and developed their own hypotheses, carried out an experiment and collected data, and processed their data to verify their hypotheses. Through the critical discussion stage, one of the research groups presented their hypotheses, methods, and results orally to the other research groups. Each presentation was followed by a class discussion of weak and strong aspects of the experimentation. The data of this study were collected through video- and audio-recording. The data were the transcribed from video- and audio-recordings of the PSTs&rsquo
discourse during the performance of the laboratory tasks. For the analysis of PSTs&rsquo
discourse pre-determined argumentation schemes by Walton (1996) were employed. The results illustrated that PSTs applied varied premises rather than only observations or reliable sources, to ground their claims or to argue for a case or an action. The interpretation of the frequency data and the kind of the most frequent argumentation schemes can be seen as a positive indication that the inquiry-oriented laboratory tasks that were employed in this study are effective toward promoting presumptive reasoning discourse. Another result of this study, which is worthy of notice is the construction and evaluation of scientific knowledge claims that resulted in different number and kinds of arguments. Results of this study suggest the following implications for improving science education. First, designing inquiry-oriented laboratory environments, which are enriched with critical discussion, provides discourse opportunities that can support argumentation. Second, both the number of arguments and the use of various scientific argumentation schemes can be enhanced by specific task structures. Third, &ldquo
argumentation schemes for presumptive reasoning&rdquo
is a promising analysis framework to reveal the argumentation patterns in scientific settings. Last, pre-service teachers can be encouraged to support and promote argumentation in their future science classrooms if they engage in argumentation integrated instructional strategies.
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Carrington, Jody L. "The nature and impact of emergency medical services work." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2001. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/MQ60218.pdf.
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Meldrum, Mary Christine Roberston. "Information systems and the changing nature of academic work." Thesis, Lancaster University, 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.428635.
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Barnett, Jennifer Ann. "Developing a school based science curriculum: Teachers' work as language work." Thesis, Edith Cowan University, Research Online, Perth, Western Australia, 2006. https://ro.ecu.edu.au/theses/4.
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While it is widely recognised that language is consequential in teachers' work within the classroom, this thesis argues that it is also consequential in their curriculum development work outside the classroom. The study takes a phenomenological approach based in a single school, and the key data sources are transcripts of teachers' meetings held to develop a new curriculum framework for their junior secondary science classes. The broad aims of the study are to better understand the ways in which language is consequential in that work, to consider the implications these have for understanding school based curriculum development, and to identify the kinds of language-related knowledges that support teachers' curriculum development activity. The review of literature in Chapter 2 focuses initially on constructions of the teacher, the teaching labour process, and teacher knowledge, with an emphasis on the place of language within such constructions. Three currently dominant perspectives on curriculum development are then identified: curriculum development as task, as policy making and as teacher agency. While the consequentiality of language is implicit in each of these perspectives, it is not given any priority, suggesting the value of a phenomenological study focusing specifically on the consequentiality of language in teachers' school based curriculum development.
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Sweat, Ashley Dawn. "What is the nature of the professional practice of artist-teachers? four case studies /." unrestricted, 2005. http://etd.gsu.edu/theses/available/etd-11172005-212321/.
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Thesis (M.A. Ed.)--Georgia State University, 2005.Title from title screen. Paula P. Eubanks, committee chair; Melody Milbrandt, Joseph Peragine,Teresa Bramlette-Reeves, committee members. Electronic text (50 p.) : digital, PDF file. Description based on contents viewed May 29, 2007. Includes bibliographical references (p. 49-50).
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Rebecka, Vahlström. "Förskollärares kompetensutveckling och förutsättningar för undervisning av fysik i förskolan : En studie av sju förskollärares uppfattningar om deras kompetensutveckling och fortbildning i fysik samt förutsättningar för fysikundervisning i förskolan." Thesis, Karlstads universitet, Institutionen för pedagogiska studier, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-66294.
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The aim of this study was to investigate seven in-service preschool teachers’ conception of their competence in physics, needs in further educational training and their perceptions around conditions surrounding physics education in preschool. The study is based on a phenomenographic approach where individual interviews have been conducted.The study shows that most of the preschool teachers feels that physics is difficult and something they are struggling with, both when it comes to teaching and understanding the subject themselves. Everyone in the study does not share these thoughts. The conception that also appears is that they do have good knowledge in the subject but not in teaching it. Most of the teachers are open minded in their needs of professional development. They express that they want education in the form of workshops, that both has a basic theoretical and practical approach. A minority feels that they can seek further development themselves through various types of literature. The study shows that there are many aspects of underlying conditions for why they do not teach preschoolers in physics. Perception that stands out are time-economic circumstances, their lack of knowledge in physics, lack of interest in the subject and arguments that indicate that they also use the preschoolers’ lack of interest as a defending argument.Syftet med studien är att undersöka sju verksamma förskollärares uppfattningar kring deras egen kompetens, behov av fortbildning och deras uppfattningar kring förutsättningar för fysikundervisning i förskolan. Studien grundar sig på fenomenografisk teori och metodologi och semistrukturerade intervjuer har använts som datainsamlingsmetod.Studien visar att majoriteten av förskollärarna uppfattar sina kunskaper i fysik som mindre bra och upplever fysikämnet som svårt. De få som anser sig ha goda kunskaper i fysik uttrycker trots goda kunskaper i ämnet osäkerhet kring hur de ska undervisa i fysik. Studien visar att förskollärarna i allmänhet känner att de behöver kompetensutveckling framförallt i hur de ska undervisa i fysik i förskolan. Majoriteten av förskollärarna i studien vill ha fortbildning i form av workshops eller föreläsningar som har både teoretiska och praktiska inslag. Förskollärarnas uppfattningar om förutsättningar för fysik i förskolan visar på en mängd hinder för utvecklande av fysikundervisningen. De lyfter speciellt det tidsekonomiska begränsningar som finns, bristande kunskaper i fysik, bristande intresse i fysik och använder också barnens intressen som starkt argument till att de inte arbetar med fysik i förskolan.
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Helsby, Gill. "Educational reform, teachers' work and teacher professionalism." Thesis, Lancaster University, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.310453.
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Wong, Wang-fai Rochester, and 黃宏輝. "Hong Kong teachers' experience on project work." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2001. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B3196266X.
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Wong, Wang-fai Rochester. "Hong Kong teachers' experience on project work." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 2001. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk:8888/cgi-bin/hkuto%5Ftoc%5Fpdf?B23472595.
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Ohlson, Elizabeth Ann. "The symbolic nature of teacher leadership /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/7624.
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Senman, Suna. "Swedish Teachers in Multicultural Classrooms." Thesis, Mälardalens högskola, Akademin för hälsa, vård och välfärd, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mdh:diva-49124.
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Mass migration in the past five decades fills classrooms with a mix of cultures, values and national identities. Swedish teachers find themselves working in multicultural classrooms. The aim of this study is to identify the challenges teachers face and propose solutions. This study uses the qualitative research methods of grounded theory and participatory action research. This exploratory research uncovered the theory that political factors, support, self-image and multicultural competence impacted the teachers’ central task of raising Swedish citizens. Additionally, teachers reveal their tactics and proposed solutions to manage the challenges in multicultural classrooms. Teachers call for policy changes, including smaller class sizes and providing multicultural competency skills for teachers.
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Weimer, Steven M. "Monoliths, an orchestral work." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1399624092.
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Neal, Mark. "An investigation into the nature of cross-national managerial work." Thesis, Bournemouth University, 1993. http://eprints.bournemouth.ac.uk/9718/.
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This thesis documents a research project into the nature of cross-national managerial work, the work of managers operating abroad in multinational business organisations. The study focuses upon the impact of national cultural differences upon such work, and seeks to explain how cultural differences can lead to the development of costly and destructive problems, involving conflict, mistrust or resistance to parent company directives. The research breaks new ground in the study of cross-national managerial work by examining what has largely been overlooked to date, namely the experience of working in cross-national organisational settings. The study establishes the practical importance of this aspect of cross-national managerial work, by showing how the experience of working with cultural differences plays a constitutive role in the development of organisational problems. In discussing what has been overlooked to date, this thesis identifies an important area for future research, and suggests different ways in which this can be explored. It is intended that this thesis will contribute to knowledge about the nature of cross-national managerial work, such that national cultural differences may be better, more knowledgeably managed.
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Phillips-Gardiner, Katherine M. "The nature of managerial work : issues of culture and context." Thesis, University of Strathclyde, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.319428.
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McDowell, Amy. "Preservice Teachers' Use of Lesson Study in Teaching Nature of Science." Digital Archive @ GSU, 2010. http://digitalarchive.gsu.edu/msit_diss/65.
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The purpose of this study was to explore preservice teachers’ lived experiences in a lesson study focused on teaching and learning nature of science (NOS). The body of knowledge about shifting pre- and in-service novice NOS understandings is substantial. The focus of science education research is now exploring ways to move these informed NOS understandings into classroom practice (Abd-El-Khalick & Lederman, 2000b).
The research questions guiding the study were (a) how do preservice teachers’ understandings of NOS shift as a result of the lesson study experience?, and (b) how does the reflective practice that occurs in lesson study influence preservice teachers’ transition of NOS tenets into classroom practice? The participants in this study represented a sample of graduate preservice teachers, who were part of a middle and secondary science teaching alternative certification program in a southeastern university. In the first summer semester of this certification program, the participants were immersed in reform based science instruction; a section of which included NOS teachings (INTASC, 2002). In the following semester, participants were placed in a practicum setting; where the exploration of the preservice teachers’ teaching of NOS was supported through the modified lesson study framework.
Data sources included the Views on Nature of Science – Form B (VNOS-b), interviews, and lesson study portfolios. Analysis of NOS understandings was guided by instruments found in literature associated with the VNOS-b (Lederman et al., 2002) and reflection (Ward & McCotter, 2004). Results showed successful transfer of NOS into classroom practice using the modified lesson study framework, with less success in the deepening of participants’ NOS understandings. Of particular significance was that results indicated a deepening of NOS pedagogical content knowledge for those participants functioning at higher levels of reflection. The study’s results’ contributes to two knowledge bases. First it provides insight to how lesson study can be used in the United States in alterative teacher preparation programs. Second, it contributes to what is understood about how to support the transition of NOS understandings into classroom practice.
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Keren-Moskovitz, Ruty. "The nature of the teachers' entrepreneurship in Israeli junior high school." Thesis, Anglia Ruskin University, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.420845.
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Hall, Christopher J. "Social work as narrative : an investigation of the social and literary nature of social work accounting." Thesis, Brunel University, 1993. http://bura.brunel.ac.uk/handle/2438/5293.
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This thesis investigates what can be gained by approaching social work reports and conversations as narratives. A conventional approach to social work accounting practices is to treat such documents as (more or less) accurate descriptions of social workers' clients, their problems and proposed remedies. Such a realist approach was found to be flawed, since it assumes straightforward access from accounts to external reality, not considering the constructedness of such documents. Drawing on theoretical themes from the sociology of scientific knowledge, literary theory, conversation analysis, ethnomethodology and sociolinguistics, this thesis explores the construction and reception of social work accounts as rhetorical, narrative and interactional processes. The documents analysed represent some of the occasions on which social workers describe and recommend social work intervention with children and their families - research interviews, court reports, internal memos, case file entries and journal reports. On these occasions, social work is performed and displayed in descriptions of people and their attributes, justifications for social work intervention and excuses for lack of success. The main theme of the thesis is that social work accounts can profitably be analysed as stories. To explain their work and their clients' world to a variety of audiences, social workers are heard to tell competent, professionally persuasive stories. A variety of storytelling features are explored, looking in particular at plot, character, the construction of the reader and the authority of the writer. Stories are heard to vary with reading occasions and critical audiences, and it is the study of reading relations which is a main focus of the analysis - to whom are these accounts addressed and how are they available to be read? Rhetorical features are investigated in order to understand how social work accounts are made available to be read as morally and factually persuasive. A critical reading is also offered, which questions the adequacy of the accounts, and makes available the possibility of reading unheard stories. Reflexive interludes comment on the claims of the thesis writer in terms of the efforts of the social work writer. The implications of this study are that treating social work accounts as textual accomplishments undermines social workers' claims for reporting objectively about their clients and their problems. Social work can be seen as constituted in and through the performance and reception of stories: doing competent social work is achieved through telling competent social work stories.
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Nolan, Royston J. "Nurse teachers at work : an analysis of function." Thesis, Cardiff University, 1987. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.306482.
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Phillips, Emma Caroline. "The work of teachers in small primary schools." Thesis, University of Warwick, 1999. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/36382/.
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A review of the literature on small primary schools identified a number of problems: a lack of a definition of 'small', poor quality of evidence, a neglect of some important issues and the general picture of teachers in small schools having different work patterns from other teachers. This study was designed to test the hypothesis that the work of teachers in small schools was distinctively different from those in larger schools. Data were gathered which were used to portray the work of the Key Stage Two teachers in two small Warwickshire primary schools. Of the seven individuals studied, two were headteachers with a dual teaching and management role. Participant observation, time diaries, interviews and systematic observation techniques were employed in order to gain a full picture of their working lives and to allow for triangulation. Analysis of the data suggested that for the case study teachers, their work did not differ markedly from that reported in other studies of teachers in larger schools. This was true both in terms of the length and distribution of their time and the means by which they delivered the curriculum. Differences arose as a result of individual personalities and the proportion of a full-time teaching contract which each held. It was hypothesised that teachers working in small schools may have undergone the most intensification of their work; again, there was little to suggest that this was true for the teachers in this study. Despite limitations in the data collected, evidence of the headteachers' work suggested that again school size was not the main influence upon their work School status and individual personalities were influential in shaping their working patterns and priorities.
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Evans, Linda Mary. "Early years teachers : their lives, work and careers." Thesis, University of Warwick, 1998. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/3661/.
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This study argues that time is a significant factor for the ways in which early years education is conceptualised and experienced. Three time scales are shown to be important. Firstly, the historical background to early years teaching is examined. In particular, I argue that the way in which women have come to be seen as the most appropriate teachers of young children has implications for how early years teaching is perceived and experienced in the 1990's. Secondly, the life history approach adopted by this study highlights the importance of early years teachers' own histories. The biographical accounts of fourteen early years teachers show how past experiences influence teachers' perceptions, understandings and experiences of their work. Thirdly, the particular time period, contemporary time, in which teachers live and work is shown to influence the way in which early years teachers perceive and experience their work. Of particular importance here are the recent educational reforms and the ways in which early years teachers have responded to them. I examine the role that early years teachers construct for themselves, a role shaped by the responsibility of being children's first school educators, and argue that for many teachers this role conflicts with current educational reforms.
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Morrison, Marlene. "Teaching to time : supply teachers' lives and work." Thesis, University of Warwick, 1995. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/109194/.
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The central focus of the thesis is a sociological exploration of the lives and work of supply teachers who fill the temporal gaps whenever regular teachers are absent from school. Time permeates the thesis at three levels of analysis: the substantive, the theoretical, and the methodological. The interpretative, and to a lesser extent, the critical and normative traditions in sociology are applied to time in education. Time is used both as a parameter to explore links between educational structures and action as they relate to supply teachers and teaching, and to locate supply teachers' lives and work in time. The study is based upon qualitative research conducted in schools and domestic settings. Chapter 1 highlights the temporal strands which help to construct the chapters and underpin the thesis. In chapter 2 methodological issues are considered, in particular the embedding of diaries within the research process. Chapter 3 explores understandings about supply teachers and teaching in the wider context of educational change, and at the interface of local, institutional, and individual experience. Chapter 4 examines relationships between supply work, temporal commitment, and identities. In chapter 5, supply work is considered in relation to the substitute curriculum. Temporal connections in lives which move rapidly between private and public spheres are prioritised in chapter 6. The contribution of pupils to understandings about supply work is the theme pursued in chapter 7. The sociological and educational dimensions of the research are assessed in chapter 8. These have overlapping as well distinctive implications for sociologists with interests in time, school organizations, teaching, and in gendered occupations, and for educationalists with interests in the management of school systems, professional development and training, and importantly, for supply teachers themselves. Appendix 1 and 2 comprise interview and diary schedules, and Appendix 3 is a methodological note on the tracing and tracking of supply teachers.
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Grant, Sandra K. "Kindergarten teachers' work and a new quality agenda." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2017. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/107908/1/Sandra_Grant_Thesis.pdf.
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This institutional ethnography examines kindergarten teachers' work during rapid policy change that addressed new quality improvement agendas. Policy restructures heralded the transition to a national Early Years Learning Framework and a National Quality Framework for Australian early childhood education and care services. Teachers' accounts highlighted their reorientation of work practices to manage the pressures of accountability and production of evidence connected to the discourse of quality improvement articulated in Australian early childhood education and care policy. The transition to increased governance contributed to disjunctures between policy implementation and the experiences of enacting policy.
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Lunn, Stephen Andrew. "Primary teachers' understandings of the nature of science and the purposes of science education." Thesis, [n.p.], 2000. http://library7.open.ac.uk/abstracts/page.php?thesisid=51.
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Nunes, Esposo Claudia. "Schooled In Nature : Investigating Pre-School Children’s Access to Nature in São Paolo Through Their Principals’ and Teachers’ Perspectives." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för geovetenskaper, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-161163.
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To promote people's contact with nature is both an environmental and a health issue. Previous studies show that being in natural environments provides mental, physical and emotional health benefits and is significant in the formation of environmental attitudes, which is also known to be important during child development. This study is about the opportunities that children have to experience natural environments within pre-schools in Sao Paulo Municipality (Brazil) considering their pre-school leaders and teachers' perspectives. Through qualitative interviews and text analysis, five kindergartens were studied. One aim has been to get a better understanding of the preschool's official policy on environmental education and a picture of pre-school leaders and preschool teachers' attitudes regarding children's access to nature. The other goal was to investigate the concrete pre-school activities in which children participate, as reported by their pre-school leaders and preschool teachers. The results show that the municipal curriculum recommends interaction with nature through goal-oriented activities, but does not specifically emphasise free play in nature. It has also been shown that pre-school principals and teachers have a positive attitude towards including nature in unstructured as well as structured pre-school activities. However, the degree to which this is reflected in the current activities is strongly dependent on other factors, such as physical,administrative or organizational conditions that exist in each pre-school. These so-called frame factors need to be known and taken into consideration, whether it is the education planners, pre-school leaders or preschool teachers that are trying to implement change. The study also highlights the importance of a work environment that encourages preschool teachers to seek self-development in their professional capacity, which in turn affects the quality of environmental education that is taught.
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Gunarso, Petrus. "Nature conservation in Indonesia in the 21st century : can decentralisation work? /." [St. Lucia, Qld], 2004. http://www.library.uq.edu.au/pdfserve.php?image=thesisabs/absthe18239.pdf.
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Brewerton, Paul. "The nature of the psychological contract at work : content and characteristics." Thesis, University of Surrey, 2000. http://epubs.surrey.ac.uk/787/.
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Holti, Richard William. "The nature of the control of work in computer software production." Thesis, Imperial College London, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/47477.
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