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1
Wilson, Birdella Lorraine. "Examining Alignment Between Canadian Municipal Police Performance Evaluation Policies and Officer Perceptions." Thesis, Walden University, 2016. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10172362.
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A lack of alignment between police performance evaluation policy purposes and officer performance evaluation perceptions has implications for the organizations’ resource management, officer morale, and public safety. A literature review points towards a gap existing between policy purpose statements and employee perceptions. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between the policy purposes of police performance evaluations and the officers’ perceptions of those evaluation experiences in 4 Ontario municipal police services. DiMaggio and Powell’s (1983) Institutional theory was the foundation for this study. Data for this study were collected from 4 police services in Ontario, Canada. The data consisted of police performance evaluation policies and in-person interviews with 12 officers. Data were inductively coded, and then the coded data were subjected to content analysis. Three policy purpose themes and 13 officer perception themes emerged that indicate that: 1) there seems to be a lack of alignment between the policy purpose theme of assessing work performance and eight of the perception themes; 2) officers perceived performance evaluations as negatively impacting their morale: and, 3) healthy relationships with supervisors were more useful to officers than performance evaluations in terms of performance and career outcomes and progression. Consistent with Institutional theory, officers perceived performance evaluations to be necessary even with limited utility. The positive social change implications stemming from this study include recommendations to police executives to consider alternative processes in tandem with performance evaluations to improve morale, in turn creating better opportunities for improved public and officer safety.
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Wilson, Birdella. "Examining Alignment Between Canadian Municipal Police Performance Evaluation Policies and Officer Perceptions." ScholarWorks, 2016. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/2913.
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A lack of alignment between police performance evaluation policy purposes and officer performance evaluation perceptions has implications for the organizations' resource management, officer morale, and public safety. A literature review points towards a gap existing between policy purpose statements and employee perceptions. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between the policy purposes of police performance evaluations and the officers' perceptions of those evaluation experiences in 4 Ontario municipal police services. DiMaggio and Powell's (1983) Institutional theory was the foundation for this study. Data for this study were collected from 4 police services in Ontario, Canada. The data consisted of police performance evaluation policies and in-person interviews with 12 officers. Data were inductively coded, and then the coded data were subjected to content analysis. Three policy purpose themes and 13 officer perception themes emerged that indicate that: 1) there seems to be a lack of alignment between the policy purpose theme of assessing work performance and eight of the perception themes; 2) officers perceived performance evaluations as negatively impacting their morale: and, 3) healthy relationships with supervisors were more useful to officers than performance evaluations in terms of performance and career outcomes and progression. Consistent with Institutional theory, officers perceived performance evaluations to be necessary even with limited utility. The positive social change implications stemming from this study include recommendations to police executives to consider alternative processes in tandem with performance evaluations to improve morale, in turn creating better opportunities for improved public and officer safety.
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Ulkemen, Sinan Bland Robert L. "The impact of surveillance technology on the behaviors of municipal police departments." [Denton, Tex.] : University of North Texas, 2009. http://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc12209.
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Wilson, Jeremy M. "The implementation of community policing in large municipal police organizations." Connect to resource, 2002. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view.cgi?acc%5Fnum=osu1261320321.
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Bradley, Donna M. "Comparing police performance in union and non-union municipal departments." Thesis, Capella University, 2016. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10239651.
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During the decades between 1950 and 1970, unionization in the United States was at its peak. Private and public employees gained advances in the improvement of working conditions and other terms and conditions of employment through cohesive action and collective bargaining. Today, unions represent only 11.1% of America’s workforce with the numbers constantly declining with one exception – the public sector. Employers, both public and private, lament the involvement of an outsider, asserting that the collective bargaining relationship impedes management’s ability to manage workforces and to accomplish agency performance objectives effectively. Law enforcement management, plagued by problems of increasing crime and decreasing fiscal and staffing resources, confront the same challenges. However, evidence is lacking regarding whether there are variances in performance between union and non-union departments from a public safety perspective. This research measures police department performance in 76 municipal non-union and union departments using crime rates, arrest rates, clearance rates, and community relationships. Statistical analysis was conducted using multiple regression and MANCOVA. There was a significant, positive relationship between collective bargaining status and department size. As department size increased, the departments were more likely to have collective bargaining. There was no significant relationship between collective bargaining status and crime rates, arrest rates, clearance rates, and total community score in a univariate analysis. However, when considering the inter-correlation of these factors, there was a statistically significant relationship. Therefore, collective bargaining status was not significantly related to police department performance. The null hypothesis for Research Question One was not rejected. The findings of this research indicate no measurable difference in individual performance indicators between unionized and non-unionized police departments. However, significance was indicated when examining the performance indicators together as a whole using MANCOVA. Therefore, the null hypothesis for Research Question Two was rejected.
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Everts, Gail Lynn. "A study of career development programs in Wisconsin municipal police agencies." Online version, 2001. http://www.uwstout.edu/lib/thesis/2001/2001evertsg.pdf.
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Andreas, Michael D. "How should municipal police agencies participate in America's homeland security strategy?" Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Naval Postgraduate School, 2008. http://edocs.nps.edu/npspubs/scholarly/theses/2008/Dec/08Dec%5FAndreas.pdf.
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Thesis (M.A. in Security Studies (Homeland Security and Defense))--Naval Postgraduate School, December 2008.Thesis Advisor(s): Bellavita, Christopher. "December 2008." Description based on title screen as viewed on January 29, 2009. Includes bibliographical references (p. 117-119). Also available in print.
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Hur, Yongbeom. "ORGANIZATIONAL PERFORMANCE, TURNOVER, AND HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT: FOCUSING ON MUNICIPAL POLICE SERVICES." Lexington, Ky. : [University of Kentucky Libraries], 2007. http://lib.uky.edu/ETD/ukypaud2007d00576/ETD.pdf.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Kentucky, 2007.Title from document title page (viewed on June 12, 2007). Document formatted into pages; contains: viii, 222 p. : ill. Includes abstract and vita. Includes bibliographical references (p. 205-219).
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Haberman, Cory P. "The Adoption of Research and Planning Units by American Municipal Police Departments." Bowling Green State University / OhioLINK, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=bgsu1245286505.
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Ulkemen, Sinan. "The Impact of Surveillance Technology on the Behaviors of Municipal Police Departments." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2009. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc12209/.
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Citizen complaints about inappropriate use of force indicate negative police-public relations, unresponsive police services, and the unresponsiveness of police management to citizens' concerns. However, the effective delivery of key policing services depends on the performance of individual police officers. Surveillance technology can monitor and control the behavior of officers, ensuring that police officers provide high quality policing services that meet the needs of citizens. Examples of surveillance technology such as in-car cameras and CCTV can be used as an administrative tool to respond to citizen complaints by police chief executives. This research examines the effect of surveillance technology on the behavior of municipal police departments that is operationalized as the number of citizen complaints that were filed against municipal police departments. This research also examines the impact of surveillance technology on dismissed and sustained complaints by using 511 large municipal police departments in the U.S. from Law Enforcement Management and Administrative Statistics (LEMAS) 2003 dataset. Three different models are developed to evaluate the impact of in-car cameras and CCTV on the citizen complaints and their dispositions. Two ordinary least square regression (OLS) models and a Heckman selection model are used to analyze the data. The Heckman selection model is utilized to correct for selection bias in truncated data for sustained complaints after log transformation. The results suggest that the use of surveillance technology by the police is necessary, but insufficient, in reducing the number of complaints. The finding suggests that videotaped evidence, recorded by surveillance technology, increased the number of convictions of accused officers in municipal police departments. The analysis also suggests that municipal police departments that used CCTV only in 2003 received a higher number of citizen complaints, in comparison to municipal police departments without CCTV, both in 2000 and 2003. No evidence was found to indicate that surveillance technology has a positive impact on the percentage of dismissed complaints.
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Horne, David Gordon Carleton University Dissertation Sociology. "Reproducing the municipal police organization, or "If it ain't broke, don't fix it."." Ottawa, 1993.
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Oh, Seung-Gyu. "La décentralisation dans le domaine de la police - étude de droit comparé : étude de droit comparé : la Corée et la France." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012AIXM1008.
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La Corée qui a ouvert l'ère de la démocratisation en 1987 s'avance vers la démocratie dans la vie quotidienne après la mise en vigueur du système d'autonomie locale en 1995. Dans une tendance générale et irrévocable de décentralisation et d'accroissement de l'autonomie, la décentralisation dans le domaine de la police faisait l'objet d'une discussion en tant que moyen de l'achèvement du système d'autonomie locale. Ce problème de réforme n'ayant aboutit à l'exercice limitée d'une police décentralisée que dans la seule province de Jéju exige un nouvel examen. Pour ce faire, il nous faut regarder avec attention vers un régime juridique qui est plus aisé à recevoir en droit coréen : le régime français. En effet, la France est un État traditionnellement unitaire et centralisé qui poursuit un processus de décentralisation en profondeur, incluant la police. Il en y résulte que le service de police décentralisée s'établit au niveau communal sous la direction du maire et sous le contrôle du comité de police locale au niveau provincial. La police autonome décentralisée dispose des attributions générales et se charge des affaires de police judiciaire spéciale. La police nationale assume la sécurité dans les communes n'ayant pas de service propre de police ainsi que la coordination et le contrôle pour les polices municipales. En plus, le rattachement de la Police nationale et du Comité de Police nationale doit être changé du Ministre de l'Administration Publique et de la Sécurité au Premier ministreKorea, which opened the era of democratization in 1987 moves towards democracy in daily life after the implementation of the system of local autonomy in 1995. In a general trend of decentralization and irrevocable and increased autonomy, decentralization in the field of police was under discussion as a means of completing the system of local autonomy. This issue of reform have led to the limited exercise of a decentralized police in Jeju province alone requires a further consideration. To do this, we need to look carefully into a legal system that is easier to receive in Korean law: the French regime. Indeed, France is a traditionally unitary and centralized state which pursues a decentralization process in depth, including the police. It results that the police be decentralized at the municipal level under the leadership of Mayor and under the control of local police committee at provincial level. The autonomous decentralized police has the general duties and is responsible for special police affairs. The National Police assume security in the municipalities that do not have own police service and the coordination and control for municipal police. In addition, the incorporation of the National Police and National Police Board should be changed from the Minister of Public Administration and Security to the Prime Minister. Control over the municipal police would be accomplished administratively by the local police, by national administrative authorities and the national police authorities, or judicially against individual administrative acts
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Monteiro, Maria Manuel Rocha Benoliel. "O papel das polícias municipais na prevenção do crime:contributos e perceções da polícia municipal de Lisboa." Master's thesis, Instituto Superior de Ciências Sociais e Políticas, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/4944.
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Dissertação de Mestrado em Administração Pública, especialização em Administração da JustiçaNos últimos anos, as questões relacionadas com a criminalidade, a violência e a insegurança têm vindo a ser objeto de debate e de preocupação generalizada por parte dos mais diversos atores sociais, entre os quais os partidos políticos, a imprensa e até mesmo os cidadãos. No entanto, poucos são os estudos que se têm debruçado sobre o crime na perspetiva dos agentes policiais cuja função é precisamente o de prevenir a ocorrência de atos delitivos. Estes, enquanto atores privilegiados, porquanto são eles que lidam com o problema da criminalidade de forma mais direta e interventiva, deviam ser mais auscultados de forma a perceber se os meios e recursos utilizados para a prevenção do crime e das incivilidades são os mais adequados, e se as políticas de segurança adotadas serão as mais funcionais. Este estudo debruçar-se-á precisamente sobre este aspeto, dando especial ênfase à atuação das polícias municipais em geral, e da Polícia Municipal de Lisboa em particular, relevando a importância do seu papel na cena da prevenção dos delitos, coadjuvando desta forma com as outras forças policiais. Com base num inquérito por questionário, procurou-se compreender a perceção da Polícia Municipal de Lisboa no âmbito das seguintes dimensões de análise: i) a evolução da criminalidade; ii) as respostas mais adequadas na prevenção do crime; iii) as atividades da Polícia Municipal de Lisboa que impactam uma ação preventiva. Os resultados apurados permitiram alcançar que a evolução da criminalidade não é percebida de acordo com as estatísticas criminais registadas pelas entidades policiais, que as respostas consideradas mais adequadas para a prevenção prendemse mais com a criação de regras e não tanto pela aplicação de punições, nem pelos melhoramentos feitos no ambiente físico, e que as atividades da Polícia Municipal de Lisboa percecionadas como mais eficazes na ação preventiva materializam-se nos policiamentos comunitários, nas ações de sensibilização às populações e nas ações de fiscalização realizadas no âmbito dos ilícitos de mera ordenação social
In recent years, issues relating to crime, violence and insecurity have been the subject of widespread debate and concern for a diverse variety of social actors, including political parties, the press and even citizens. However, few studies have targeted the police officer’s perspective whose job is precisely to prevent the occurrence of criminal deeds. These privileged actors take up center stage due to the reality of dealing with crime in a more direct and interventionist manner, thus earning their right to being heard in the complex process of managing the means and resources used in crime prevention and incivilities; whilst probing adopted public safety policies’ accomplishability. This privileged source of information should span, also focusing on law enforcement personnel’s motivation process while pursuing their professional duties and competences. This investigation will focus specifically on this subject, emphasizing the role of the municipal police in general and the Lisbon Municipal Police in particular, underlining the importance of the Lisbon Municipal Police in crime prevention, in close cooperation with others police forces. Based on a form survey we will try to understand the perception of Lisbon Municipal Police officers under the following scopes of analysis: I) current crime trends, ii) appropriate answers in crime preventing; iii) actions by the Lisbon Municipal Police that result in a more preventive action. The results achieved allowed to realize that: the evolution of crime is not perceived in parallel with the crime recorded data managed by the police; the most adequate responses perceived concerned effective rule-making instead of the mere forceful application of penalties or urban landscape improvements; and that the most effective preventive actions of Lisbon Municipal Police perceived were the ones regarding community policing, raising people’s awareness and law enforcement actions taken under administrative social offenses inspections.
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Oliver, Patrick. "What Are the Key Competencies, Qualities, and Attributes of the African American Municipal Police Chief?" Antioch University / OhioLINK, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=antioch1379344782.
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Ouellet, Michel. "Élaboration d'un modèle pour orienter la gestion d'un processus de regroupement des services municipaux de police en région urbaine /." Thèse, Chicoutimi : Université du Québec à Chicoutimi, 1993. http://theses.uqac.ca.
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Patrick, Rodger. "Performance Management, gaming and police practice : a study of changing police behaviour in England and Wales during the era of New Public Management." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2009. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/534/.
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This thesis examines the nature of ‘gaming’ in the police service and the extent to which it distorts policing priorities and performance measures. Performance Management, which formed an integral part of New Public Management, was introduced gradually to the police service in England and Wales during the 1990s. The Police and Magistrates Court Act 1994 gave Chief Officers of Police greater freedom on how they spent their budget allocation but there was an expectation that this would result in increased efficiency and improved performance. The Police Reform Act 2002 continued this trend by empowering the Home Secretary to set annual performance targets which the Police Service was expected to deliver. Performance management systems provided the means by which efficiency could be measured thus enabling central government to exert pressure on police forces to improve performance in the areas prioritised. However, for such improvements to be real, not just illusory, it was necessary to ensure the dysfunctional effects of ‘gaming’ behaviour were guarded against. Controlling such behaviour presents a challenge for those responsible for the regulation and governance of the service. This thesis examines the impact of Performance Management on ‘gaming’ behaviour and vice versa within the police service. It identifies and presents evidence on the nature and extent of ‘gaming’ and its impact on police behaviour. The limited effectiveness of the regulatory bodies in addressing ‘gaming’ are also reviewed and inadequacies, both strategic and operational, identified.
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Santos, André Domingo Moreira dos. "Envelhecimento demográfico em meio urbano: estudo exploratório do idoso isolado na perspetiva dos agentes da Polícia Municipal de Santo Tirso." Bachelor's thesis, [s.n.], 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10284/8265.
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Projeto de Graduação apresentado à Universidade Fernando Pessoa como parte dos requisitos para obtenção do grau de Licenciado em CriminologiaPortugal está a tornar-se num país de população envelhecida. O aumento exponencial do número de idosos na estrutura populacional é devido, por um lado, à diminuição da natalidade e, por outro, ao aumento da esperança média de vida. Uma das consequências, mais gravosas, deste fenómeno é o da população nesta faixa etária ser vítima de isolamento. Isto acarreta efeitos negativos na pessoa como individuo e na sociedade como um todo. Por esta razão, a sociedade tem o dever de procurar soluções sustentáveis e eficazes face a esta problemática. O objetivo do presente trabalho consistiu em averiguar a perceção e o entendimento da Polícia Municipal de Santo Tirso sobre o grau de visibilidade do fenómeno do isolamento da população idosa, explorar e clarificar o contributo dos modelos de policiamento implementados pelas diferentes forças de segurança. Foi realizado um estudo de cariz exploratório, tendo-se utilizado a entrevista semiestruturada como instrumento de recolha de informação aplicada aos Agentes da Polícia Municipal de Santo Tirso.
Portugal is becoming an aged populated country. The exponential rising of the number of elders in the populational structure is due to, in one hand, the decrease in birth rates and, in the other, the growing rate of average life expectancy. Perhaps one of the most problematic consequence of this phenomenon is the isolation among the elderly population. This tends to bring negative effects to the individual person and to the society as a whole. For this reason, society needs to find effective and sustainable solutions to deal with this problematic phenomenon. The challenge of this paper consisted in determining the perception´s degree of Polícia Municipal de Santo Tirso, about how visible the isolation phenomenon of the elderly population really is, shedding light and clarifying the contribution of the implemented policing models by the different police forces. An exploratory study was conducted using semi structured interviews as a tool for gathering information. The interviews were conducted with the Police Agents of Polícia Municipal de Santo Tirso.
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Forrester, William Alonzo. "Relationship Between Job Embeddedness and Turnover Intentions Among Municipal Law Enforcement Officers." ScholarWorks, 2019. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/7138.
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Law enforcement organizations have been facing a challenge with maintaining an adequate level of personnel due to an increased rate of employee turnover, which has been shown to have a negative impact on an agency's ability to reduce both property and violent crimes. The purpose of this cross-sectional, quantitative study was to examine job embeddedness as a predictor of turnover intentions among municipal law enforcement officers by using the human capital theory as the theoretical foundation. To collect the data, a survey link was distributed to all personnel of a large, municipal law enforcement agency in the southeastern United States; only full-time, commissioned law enforcement personnel were included in the study, which resulted in a sample size of 107. Linear regression was used to analyze the data. Job embeddedness and turnover intentions had a statistically significant and negative correlation (r = .656, p < .001). In addition, the bivariate linear regression model significantly predicted turnover intentions, F(11, 106) = 79.135, p < .001); job embeddedness was responsible for 42.4% (adjusted R2 = .424) of the variance in turnover intentions. When job embeddedness decreases, turnover intentions increase, and when job embeddedness increases, turnover intentions decrease. The study has implications for positive social change as it established the relationship between job embeddedness and turnover intentions among law enforcement officers. The results provide support for using the concept of job embeddedness to inform retention programs aimed at reducing voluntary turnover. Reducing voluntary turnover has the potential to maximize the ability of an agency to meet its crime control mission and to reduce costs associated with recruitment and training new employees, which will allow for more funding to go directly to the provision of services.
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Vasco, Joana. "Polícia de proximidade: aplicação do sistema de polícia de proximidade na Polícia Municipal da Maia." Bachelor's thesis, [s.n.], 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10284/4884.
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Projeto de Graduação apresentado à Universidade Fernando Pessoa como parte dos requisitos para obtenção do grau de licenciada em CriminologiaA possibilidade de resolução de conflitos e mobilização social para o envolvimento da população no processo de organização social com uma finalidade de prevenção criminal, parece uma tarefa nobre no que diz respeito ao desenvolvimento de um projecto que contribua para promover a aproximação entre os agentes e a comunidade. Com este trabalho pretende-se contribuir com um plano de policiamento de proximidade de forma a aumentar o sentimento de segurança na comunidade e diminuir a pequena e média criminalidade.
The possibility of conflict resolution and social mobilization for community involvement in the process of social organization with a purpose of crime prevention, seems a noble task with regard to the development of a project that works to promote rapprochement between the agents and the community. With this work we intend to contribute to a plan for policing in order to increase the feeling of community safety and reduce crime small and medium.
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Plair, Vincent Edward. "A Qualitative Study to Describe Behaviors that Exemplary Municipal Police Chiefs and Sheriffs Practice to Lead their Organizations through Conversation." Thesis, Brandman University, 2018. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10788986.
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Purpose. The purpose of this phenomenological research study was to describe the behaviors exemplary municipal police chiefs and sheriffs practiced leading their organizations through conversation using Groysberg and Slind’s (2012) four elements of conversational leadership: intimacy, interactivity, inclusion, intentionality.
Methodology. A phenomenology qualitative method was used to describe the behaviors of exemplary municipal police chiefs and sheriffs in southern California and their lived experiences related to conversational leadership. The study combined semi-structured interviews, observations, and artifact collection. These qualitative tools helped the researcher gain insight into participants’ conversational leadership behaviors. The researcher analyzed the data with the aid of NVivo software to reveal patterns and sort them into categories.
Findings. Examination of the data resulted in 20 themes and 574 references to the four elements of conversational leadership. Eight key findings were identified based on the frequency of references by study participants.
Conclusions. The eight key findings were summarized into four conclusions, one for each conversational element: (1) municipal police chiefs and sheriffs who want to provide an intimate, trusting environment must form comfortable conversational environments and create authentic, honest conversations to build trust; (2) municipal police chiefs and sheriffs committed to stakeholder interactivity and exchange of ideas create an environment for open dialogue and engage members in two-way dialogue; (3) municipal police chiefs and sheriffs committed to inclusion and sharing of ideas utilize effective conversation strategies for sharing, and create empowered internal stakeholders; (4) municipal police chiefs and sheriffs who want to ensure clarity of purpose with clear goals and direction should focus on methods to create clarity and purpose.
Recommendations. Further research is advised by replicating this study in other types of law enforcement organizations, as well as business, education, and possibly the military. Conduct a study to combine the results of this study with the peer-researchers in this thematic team to compare the results.
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Souza, Aulus Eduardo Teixeira de. "Políticas públicas e guardas municipais como instrumentos de proteção preventiva do ambiente urbano." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UCS, 2018. https://repositorio.ucs.br/11338/4167.
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A pesquisa em apreço tem por finalidade verificar os aspectos jurídicos e sociais que desvelam o direito ao meio ambiente equilibrado no âmbito das cidades. Sua relevância e pertinência temática se desnuda a partir da explosão demográfica no meio urbano promovendo a ocupação territorial desordenada à revelia do ordenamento jurídico que ampara a questão. Nesse sentido, formula-se hipoteticamente a indagação acerca da possibilidade de utilização das guardas municipais para fiscalizar e proteger o ambiente urbano, bem como, prevenir a degradação ambiental ampla a partir do regular poder de polícia dos entes municipais, fiscalizando a implementação e o regular cumprimento das políticas setoriais urbanas conforme as diretrizes do ordenamento jurídico brasileiro. Para tanto, procura-se responder à questão nuclear por meio do método analítico-dedutivo enfrentando os argumentos a partir da pesquisa bibliográfica e documental.
Ante o exposto, apresenta-se no desenvolvimento dos blocos da estrutura capitular, informações relevantes para compreensão acerca da constituição e surgimento das cidades a partir das afirmações de Fustel de Coulanges, Lewis Munford e Henri Lefebvre, apreciando os conceitos, princípios e diretrizes da política nacional do meio ambiente com lastro na Constituição Federal de 1988 e analisando com relevância o Estatuto das Cidades e as dimensões da sustentabilidade a partir do pensamento de Ignacy Sachs. Ao fim e ao cabo a pesquisa se debruça sobre as principais políticas setoriais no âmbito das cidades, especialmente, as ligadas a mobilidade urbana, a função socioambiental da propriedade, saúde e saneamento básico e zoneamento ambiental, verificando as ações estatais de implementação e fiscalização da executoriedade dessas políticas por parte dos municípios e o manejo das guardas municipais como instrumento de fiscalização do cumprimento das regras estabelecidas nessas políticas setoriais, justificando assim, a preservação do meio ambiente urbano por meio das guardas municipais a partir das disposições da Lei n. 13.022/2014 (Estatuto Geral das Guardas Municipais).The purpose of this research is to verify the legal and social aspects that reveal the right to the environment balanced in the cities. Its relevance and thematic relevance is stripped of the demographic explosion in the urban environment promoting the disordered territorial occupation in the absence of the legal system that supports the issue. In this sense, the hypothesis is made about the possibility of using municipal guards to monitor and protect the urban environment, as well as prevent widespread environmental degradation from the regular police power of municipal entities, supervising the implementation and the regular compliance with urban sectorial policies in accordance with the guidelines of the Brazilian legal system. In order to do so, we try to answer the nuclear question by means of the analytic-deductive method facing the arguments from the bibliographical and documentary research. In the development of the blocks of the structure of the Chapter, information relevant to understanding the constitution and emergence of cities is presented, based on the statements of Fustel de Coulanges and Lewis Munford, appreciating the concepts, principles and guidelines of the national environment policy environment with ballast in the Federal Constitution of 1988 and analyzing with relevance the Statute of the Cities and the dimensions of the sustainability from the thought of Ignacy Sachs. After all, the research focuses on the main sectorial policies in the cities, especially those related to urban mobility, the socio-environmental function of property, health and basic sanitation and environmental zoning, verifying the state actions of implementation and inspection of the city. the enforcement of these policies by the municipalities and the management of municipal guards as an instrument for monitoring compliance with the rules established in these sectoral policies, thus justifying the preservation of the urban environment through municipal guards, based on the provisions of Law no. 13.022 / 2014 (General Statute of Municipal Guards).
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Hernandes, Thiago Zaldini. "Prêmio Excel Rio Preto: a viabilidade de uma iniciativa municipal de incentivo a boas práticas ambientais e sociais na construção civil local." Universidade de São Paulo, 2015. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/102/102131/tde-08062015-091140/.
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A indústria da construção civil tem significativo impacto ambiental, social e econômico no mundo. A mesma importância proporcional se observa no âmbito local, inclusive em cidades de médio porte, tomando-se como exemplo a cidade de São José do Rio Preto SP. Nesta cidade, foi observado que construtoras já desenvolvem ações isoladas de valorização de boas práticas nos âmbitos ambiental e social, mas demonstram pouca dinâmica de mobilização no sentido de sistematizar, aprofundar e disseminar tais práticas de excelência no mercado local. Em resposta a essa constatação, foi elaborada uma proposta de criação de um prêmio municipal de boas práticas ambientais e sociais na área da construção civil, a partir da hipótese de que esta iniciativa poderia catalisar os esforços de boas práticas neste setor. Sua idealização foi baseada na referência de sistemas de avaliação reconhecidos, tais como o LEED, o SELO CASA AZUL e o sistema AQUA. Sua avaliação foi fundamentada na realização de uma experiência piloto que culminou com a premiação de um empreendimento imobiliário na cidade. Esta pesquisa descreve, registra e avalia tal iniciativa, com o intuito de comprovar a tese de que a criação de uma premiação municipal para incentivo à disseminação e crescimento continuados de boas práticas ambientais e sociais na construção civil, é tecnicamente viável e estrategicamente significativa, como subsídio para a elaboração de políticas públicas. Sua contribuição inclui tanto um roteiro quanto os resultados das lições aprendidas com essa ação concreta.The construction industry has significant environmental, social and economic impact in the world. The same proportional importance is observed locally, even in medium-sized cities, taking as example the city of São José do Rio Preto - SP. In this city, it was observed that construction companies have already developed isolated actions in environmental and social good pratices, but show little mobilization in order to systematize, deepen and disseminate these good practices in the local market. In response to this finding, a proposal to create a municipal award for good environmental and social practices in the construction area was drawn from the hypothesis that this initiative could catalyze the efforts of good practice in this sector. Its planning was based on recognized rating systems such as LEED, the SELO CASA AZUL and the AQUA system. It\'s review was based on the realization of a pilot project which culminated in the award of a real estate development in the city. This research describes, records and evaluates this initiative, in order to prove the thesis that the creation of a municipal award for encouraging the continued spread and growth of good environmental and social practices in construction, is technically feasible and strategically significant, as a subsidy for the development of public policies. Its contribution includes both a road map as the results of the lessons learned from this concrete action.
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Rodrigues, Marco Antonio da Silva. "Conversão institucional na reforma da segurança pública no Brasil." Universidade de São Paulo, 2011. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/8/8131/tde-21062013-093404/.
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James Mahoney & Kathleen Thelen (2010) desenvolveram um modelo teórico que permite observar e classificar os padrões de mudança institucional gradual e comparar os casos empíricos observados. A teoria liga modelos particulares de mudança institucional incremental a características do contexto político e às propriedades das instituições, que permitem estabelecer tipos específicos de agentes e de estratégias de mudança. De acordo com os autores, a mudança institucional gradual frequentemente ocorre quando há problemas de interpretação e execução de regras, criando a lacuna necessária para os atores interpretarem as normas existentes e implementarem a política pública de novas maneiras. Esta dissertação pretende demonstrar, de acordo com Mahoney & Thelen (2010), o processo de conversão institucional em curso nas Guardas Municipais brasileiras após a indução promovida pelo Governo Federal, na esteira de reformas da Política Nacional de Segurança Pública, iniciada nos anos 2000. A relevância do trabalho reside na tentativa de entender a evidência trazida pelo Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística (IBGE), na pesquisa do Perfil dos Municípios Brasileiros realizada em 2006 (MUNIC 2006), de que as Guardas Municipais extrapolam suas funções na medida em que exercem atividades típicas de polícia ostensiva, em desacordo com o Artigo 144 da Constituição Federal, que estrutura a política de Segurança Pública brasileira.James Mahoney & Kathleen Thelen (2010) developed a theoretical model that allows us to observe and classify the patterns of gradual institutional change and compare the observed empirical cases. The theory conect particular models of incremental institutional change to political context characteristics and properties of institutions that allow the establishing of specific types of agents and strategies of change. According to the authors, the gradual institutional change often occurs when there are problems of interpretation and enforcement of rules, creating the necessary gap for the actors to understand the existing standards and implement public policy in new ways. This thesis intends to demonstrate, according to Mahoney & Thelen (2010), the process of \"institutional conversion\" taking place in Brazilian Municipal Guards after the induction promoted by the Federal Government in the row of reforms of the National Public Security, which began in the years 2000. The relevance of the work lies in trying to understand the evidence brought by the Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística (IBGE) - Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics - in the research profile of Brazilian counties held in 2006 (MUNIC 2006) that the Municipal Guards go beyond their duties when they perform typical ostensible police activities, in discordance with Article 144 of the Constitution, which structures the Brazilian Public Security Policy.
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Barlagiannis, Athanasios. "Hygiène publique et construction de l'Etat grec, 1833-1845 : la police sanitaire et l'ordre public de la santé." Thesis, Paris, EHESS, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017EHES0044.
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Ce travail porte sur le développement de l’hygiène publique dans le royaume de Grèce entre 1833, année de l’accession au trône du prince Othon de Bavière, et 1845, lorsqu’un système complet des lazarets et d’offices de santé trace les frontières politiques et épidémiologiques du royaume. Après avoir traité les structures de prévention sanitaire érigées tantôt à l’intérieur du pays (vaccinateurs, médecins publics, médecins municipaux) tantôt sur ses frontières, nous étudions les mesures pour lutter contre les maladies contagieuses (surtout la peste et la variole) et contre les miasmes. Nous nous efforçons d’analyser également les maladies qui déterminent la mortalité à l’époque ainsi que les théories médicales qui expliquent les mesures appliquées, en essayant de dépasser certains aspects de la distinction classique d’Erwin Ackerknecht entre contagionnisme et infectionnisme. Enfin, nous abordons la formation du corps médical officiel, processus qui a entraîné des changements dans la pratique médicale. Cet intérêt pour l’hygiène publique impose l’étude de la construction de l’Etat et de sa ‘base biologique’. L’hygiène publique définit les menaces contre lesquelles elle s’érige en même temps qu’elle construit et met en sécurité la collectivité. Dans l’Etat de police du caméraliste Othon I, ces développements sont l’affaire de la bureaucratie, de l’administration, de la force publique et de la science de la police sanitaire. Son but était la construction et la mise en ordre de l’espace public, de l’espace d’action de l’Etat, qui est tout autant naturel que social. Cet établissement d’un ordre favorise la centralisation sanitaire en même temps qu’il prétend discipliner (processus de civilisation) les éléments naturels et les forces sociales pour qu’ils puissent être coordonnés sans résistances ; autrement dit, l’action d’imposer un ordre pacifie. La police sanitaire contrôle ces processus, en reconfigurant les liens que les hommes tissent entre eux, avec la géographie, avec la nature et avec leurs maladiesThis study is about the organization of public hygiene in the kingdom of Greece between 1833, when prince Otto of Bavaria ascends to the throne, and 1845, when the political and epidemiological frontiers of the kingdom are traced by a complete system of lazarettos and sanitary offices. We will firstly analyze the structures of sanitary prevention in the interior of the country (vaccinators, public health doctors, municipal doctors) as well as at its frontiers, and then we will focus on the measures against contagious diseases (such as the plague and smallpox) and against miasmas. We are also interested in examining the main diseases that determine the mortality of the period under scrutiny and the medical theories that explain the applicable sanitary measures. At the same time, we will review some of the aspects of the classical distinction of Erwin Ackerknecht between contagionism and miasmatic theory. Finally, we will study the difficult formation of an official group of medical professionals. The interest in public hygiene imposes the study of the biological construction of the state and, subsequently, of the state itself. Public hygiene defines the threats which it tries to prevent, and it creates and secures the collectivity. In the Police State of the cameralist king Otto, these developments are controlled by the bureaucracy, the administration, the public force and the science of medical police. Its purpose is to construct and order the public space, the space of state action, which is natural as well as social. This action of ordering imposes the centralization of health and at the same time it normalizes the natural elements and the social forces so that they can coordinate without resistance; in other words, the action of ordering pacifies. Medical police controls these processes by reconfiguring the ties that bind individuals with each other and with the geography, the nature and their diseases
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Silva, Lucilia Carvalho da. "O uso do fundo público em organizações sem fins lucrativos: a experiência de organizações da zona oeste conveniadas com a Secretaria Municipal de Assistência Social do Rio de Janeiro." Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, 2006. http://www.bdtd.uerj.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=121.
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O presente trabalho aborda a relação entre público e privado na implementação da política de assistência social no Rio de Janeiro, no tocante ao uso do fundo público em organizações sem fins lucrativos. Parte de dois pressupostos centrais: o reordenamento do papel do Estado contemporâneo traz novas funcionalidades e estatuto diferenciado para atuação das organizações privadas não-lucrativas no enfrentamento da questão social; e, a mudança do papel do Estado não representa simplesmente um enxugamento dos gastos na área social, mas uma nova racionalidade de uso do recurso público, onde as organizações sem fins lucrativos têm relevante função. A grande pergunta é se o financiamento é significativo para a manutenção das organizações sem fins lucrativos, sobretudo, para quê e como ele é utilizado. Para respondê-la, elegemos como universo de pesquisa as organizações sem fins lucrativos conveniadas com a Secretaria Municipal de Assistência Social, e como amostra, as três Coordenadorias Regionais de Assistência Social da Zona Oeste do município do Rio de Janeiro - CRAS 5.1, 5.2 e 5.3. Nosso objetivo foi estabelecer uma relação entre a transferência de responsabilidades do público para o privado na política de assistência social, em uma região do município de baixos indicadores sociais. Mediante o trabalho de pesquisa teórico-empírica consideramos que não existe uma proposta única sobre o ser não-governamental, portanto, a idéia de ampliação do público, via maior participação das organizações sem fins lucrativos na operacionalização de políticas sociais não apresenta os mesmos discursos e práticas. No caso específico da relação Secretaria Municipal de Assistência Social e organizações sem fins lucrativos na Zona Oeste, observamos que o financiamento público tem sido utilizado para reproduzir programas e projetos descontinuados, onde as organizações privadas não-lucrativas comparecem como braços executivos da Prefeitura.The present work approaches the relation between private public and in the implementation of the politics of social assistance in Rio de Janeiro, in regards to the use of government securities in non-profit organizations. This thesis derives from two core postulates: the redefinition of the role of contemporary State brings new functions and a distinct ordinance to non-profitable organizations actions upon social issue, and the change of the States role does not represent a simple drain of social expenses, but a new rationale in the use of public fund, in which non-profitable organizations assume a relevant role. The main question is whether public funds are relevant to maintain non-profitable organizations and, above all else, how and what these funds are applied for. To answer this, non-profitable organizations affiliated to the County State of Social Assistance in the jurisdiction of the Regional Coordinations 5.1, 5.2 and 5.3 of Social Assistance have been chosen as a research corpus. Our objective was to establish a relation enters the transference of responsibilities of the public for the private one in the politics of social assistance, in a region of the city of social indicating basses. By means of the research we consider that does not exist a proposal only on the not-governmental being, therefore, the idea of magnifying of the public, it saw greater participation of the non-profit organizations in the social politics does not present the same practical speeches. In the specific case of the relation City department of Social Assistance and non-profit organizations in the Zona Oeste, we observe that the public financing has been used to reproduce discontinued programs and projects, where the not-lucrative private organizations appear as executive arms of the City hall.
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Badran, Rola, and Dalia Dautovic. "BROTT MOT ÄLDRE – ARBETSMETODER OCH ÅTGÄRDER EN ENKÄTUNDERSÖKNING." Thesis, Malmö högskola, Fakulteten för hälsa och samhälle (HS), 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-24652.
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Detta är en uppsats som ämnar undersöka vilka arbetssätt och metoder som används av polisen i olika kommuner i Skåne för att förebygga brott mot äldre. Studien ämnar även att undersöka hur polisen arbetar med att sprida brottsförebyggande information till äldre. För att få svar på frågeställningarna används datainsamlingsmetoden enkät - online, som besvarats av kommunpoliser i Skåne. Resultatet visar på att Malmö-, Simrishamn-, Svedala-, Vellinge-, Lomma-, Svalöv-, och Skurup kommun är de som besvarat att deras främsta sätt att sprida information till äldre är genom föreläsningar, kampanjer samt informationsmöten. Svedala-, Sjöbo-, och Trelleborg kommun arbetar med att sprida kunskap och information till äldre genom vården med hjälp av samordnare eller chefer. Utöver dessa arbetssätt har Kävlinge-, Skurup-, Svalöv- och Svedala kommunsamarbeten med pensionärsorganisationer och tar hjälp av dem med att sprida information. Resultatet av vår enkätundersökning visar även på att mer än 50% av respondenterna inte känner till projektet ”Försök inte lura mig”. De kommuner som arbetar efter projektet är Landskrona, Sjöbo, Eslöv och Malmö.is is an essay which intends to examine the methods and techniques used by the police in various municipalities in Skåne to prevent crimes against the elderly. The study also aims to investigate how the police work to spread crime prevention information to the elderly. To answer the questions, the data collection method that was used is online survey, answered by municipal police in Skåne. The result shows that Malmö-, Simrishamn-, Svedala-, Vellinge-, Lomma-, Svalöv and Skurup municipalities answer the question that their primary means of disseminating information to the elderly is through lectures, campaigns and information meetings. Svedala, Sjöbo, and Trelleborg municipality works to spread knowledge and information to the elderly through care using co-ordinators or managers. In addition to these practices, Kävlinge-, Skurup-, Svalöv- and Svedala municipalities work with retirement organizations and assist them in disseminating information. The result of our survey also shows that more than 50% of respondents do not know the project "Do not try to fool me". The municipalities that work after the project are Landskrona, Sjöbo, Eslöv and Malmö.
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Vallejo, Flores Mercedes. "Justice municipale et justiciables à Guadalajara (1821-1846) : fonctionnement et portée d'une institution de proximité dans une période de transition." Thesis, Paris 1, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA01H104.
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Les procédures orales (juicios verbales) et les conciliations qui firent irruption sur la scène judiciaire, après la promulgation de la Constitution espagnole de 1812, ont constitué, pendant de longues décennies, le dernier échelon du système judiciaire mexicain. Soumises à des adaptations diverses après l'indépendance du pays, leurs caractéristiques essentielles ont toutefois été conservées par la suite : l’ensemble de ces procédures fut fondamentalement attribué à des juges locaux qui n'étaient pas tenus d'avoir une formation juridique et qui ne recevaient aucune rémunération, exerçant un service obligatoire au bénéfice de la collectivité (carga concejil). Cette justice municipale avec ses juges «profanes» représente l'un des nombreux éléments qui autorise à qualifier le XIXe siècle mexicain de période de transition juridique. À Guadalajara, deux types de juges sont intervenus dans l’administration de justice par des procès verbaux au cours de la première moitié du XIXe siècle : les alcaldes constitucionales et les commissaires de police. Leurs tribunaux étaient les institutions judiciaires ordinaires les plus proches des justiciables où étaient résolus divers conflits du quotidien, principalement de caractère civil, mais aussi criminels. Bien que chacun eût incarné une justice paternelle, peu répressive et caractérisée par sa simplicité procédurale, les tribunaux des commissaires de police étaient des espaces moins coercitifs encore, plus souples et ouverts à la négociation. S’il est vrai que ces derniers avaient certes moins d’attributions en matière de sanctions, il n’en demeure pas moins qu’ils gardaient une plus grande proximité avec les justiciablesThe oral trials (juicios verbales) and conciliation which emerged in the judicial domain following the declaration of the 1812 Spanish Constitution, represented for many decades the lowest level of the Mexican judicial system. Although subjected to a number of modifications after the country’s independence, their essential characteristics were preserved: both processes were primarily attributed to local judges who required no legal training and received no remuneration. These judges performed an obligatory service for the benefit of the community (carga concejil). Such municipal justice, embodying judges from among the laypeople, is one of a number of elements that supports the description of the Mexican nineteenth century as a period of legal transition. In Guadalajara, two types of judge exist in oral trial judicial administration during the first half of the nineteenth century: alcaldes constitucionales and police officers (comisarios de policía). Their courts were the ordinary judicial institutions closest to the litigants in which various everyday conflicts were resolved, chiefly civil ones, but also criminal. While both categories of judge represented a paternal type of justice, minimally repressive and simple in its process, the police officers’ courts were less coercive and more open to negotiation. While these latter courts certainly possessed fewer powers than the alcaldes constitucionales regarding sanctions, in certain respects they nevertheless were more accessible to the litigants
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De, Surville Hervé. "La police municipale." Nice, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993NICE0033.
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Váchová, Lucie. "Bezpečnost a ochrana zdraví při práci strážníků Městské policie hl. m. Prahy." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2014. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-205726.
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This thesis analyzes the current settings of occupational health and safety process regarding officers of the Municipal Police of Prague (MPP). The theoretical part provides situational analysis of conditions in which MPP operates. There are also defined key risks for personal safety of municipal policemen, identified methodology for risk management and quality control. The practical part describes and analyzes the process of occupational health and safety at MPP. The result of this work is evaluation of the current process effectiveness and proposal of possible scenarios of further improvement.
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Leandro, Alves da Silva Arthur. "Análise de políticas municipais de habitação e urbanismo : policy, eficiência e controle externo na esfera municipal." Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 2004. https://repositorio.ufpe.br/handle/123456789/1849.
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Previous issue date: 2004Apesar de largamente difundidas por importantes centros universitários do mundo, pesquisas que empreguem metodologia quasi-experimental em ciências sociais ainda são relativamente incomuns no Brasil, e a conseqüência mais visível disso é que temas familiares aos profissionais de Política e Sociologia ainda costumam ser tratados por colegas de áreas correlatas como Economia ou Administração Pública - sempre que a pesquisa em questão envolva coleta e manipulação de dados quantitativos. Este trabalho é motivado, assim, por um duplo propósito: analisar um problema político pungente e aplicar uma metodologia bastante útil, apesar de ainda pouco utilizada, para a pesquisa social hodierna. A descentralização de políticas sociais no Brasil criou, além das dificuldades comuns ao processo como um todo, problemas específicos no tocante a programas habitacionais e de desenvolvimento urbano, implementados na esfera dos Estados ou dos governos municipais. No novo panorama constitucional, projetos do setor tiveram seus recursos contingenciados às transferências voluntárias do governo federal; governadores e prefeitos têm, portanto, de negociar financiamentos junto aos ministérios em Brasília, trazer os recursos aos seus distritos e administrá-los no âmbito de sua jurisdição. Como resultado desse processo, apenas quatro em cada cinco reais das liberações foram, no período de referência, corretamente aplicados pelas prefeituras do interior de Pernambuco. O objetivo desse trabalho é detectar as razões da variação na eficiência da aplicação destes recursos, entre os diversos projetos que foram implementados por pequenos municípios pernambucanos entre os anos 1997 e 2000. Em meio a um conjunto de variáveis de controle, foi testada a hipótese principal de que a fiscalização exercida pelo Tribunal de Contas do Estado, a partir da realização de auditorias, interfere na eficiência de cada um dos projetos: utilizou-se, para isso, o modelo de regressão TOBIT para dados censurados, que se mostrou perfeitamente adequado aos objetivos da pesquisa
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Karimi, Hossin. "Har etnisk bakgrund någon betydelse för tilliten bland svenska gymnasieelever? : - En jämförelse av gymnasieelever med etnisk svensk bakgrund OCH gymnasielever med invandrarbakgrund." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för statsvetenskap (ST), 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-91349.
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Social capital has been studied on the basis of comparative studies on whether ethnic bakground has significance for social capital. The study is conducted on the basis of a qualitative content analysis as a method with the application of theory consumption studay or hypothesis studay. The study is categorized into three dimensions as social interaction, association, involvement and municipal actors with several indicators. Socialt capital includes two primary theories by, Robert Putnam and Bo Rothsteins. Result shows that ethnicity is important for social capital because there are factors that positively affect an individual´s confidence. The study also shows that ethnicity has less significance for social capital because the individual´s high confidence depends on the efficiency of the actors who positively influence social capital.
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Leite, Juliana Pires de Arruda 1977. "Politicas municipais de segurança alimentar : o caso do municipio de Campinas." [s.n.], 2005. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/257242.
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Orientador: Nilson Antonio Modesto ArraesDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Agricola
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Resumo: O rápido florescimento no Brasil de iniciativas programáticas descentralizadas de Políticas de Segurança Alimentar, confere importância à análise de tais políticas, tanto no que se refere aos processos de formulação e implementação, quanto aos resultados e impactos destas iniciativas. Este trabalho buscou caracterizar um caso de política descentralizada de Segurança Alimentar (Programa de Segurança Alimentar do Município de Campinas/SP), com o intuito contribuir para a discussão da atuação das administrações municipais neste campo. O referencial metodológico escolhido enuncia uma análise tridimensional das políticas públicas municipais, composto pela análise da Dimensão Institucional, delineada pelo sistema jurídico e estrutura institucional do sistema político-administrativo; pela análise da Dimensão Processual da política, que se refere ao processo político, no que diz respeito à imposição de objetivos e tomadas de decisão, e, por fim, pela análise da Dimensão Material da política, composta pela configuração dos programas políticos, problemas técnicos e conteúdo material das decisões políticas. A caracterização da dimensão processual evidenciou um forte vínculo entre o programa municipal de segurança alimentar e o programa Fome Zero, antes mesmo deste ser uma programa Federal. A caracterização da dimensão institucional evidenciou a importância da relação entre os órgãos que formulam a política e os órgãos responsáveis por sua implementação. Por fim, a descrição dos projetos que compõe o referido programa, chama atenção para a importância da função de coordenação, com intuito de obter benefícios decorrentes da sinergia entre projetos distintos, reunidos sob uma mesma coordenação
Abstract: The emergence of decentralized programs of Food Security in Brazil reinforces the importance of analyzing processes of formulation, implementation and evaluation of results and impacts of these initiatives. The objective of the present study was to characterize the Food Security Program of Campinas City (São Paulo State), contributing to the discussion about the municipal administration in this field. The analytical reference concerns a three main dimensions of municipal public policies: the institutional dimension ¿ polity; the procedural dimension (search of objectives and decision process) ¿ politics; and the material dimension (programs configuration, technical problems and material content of decisions) ¿ policy. The procedural dimension characterization demonstrated the existence of a strong link between the food security municipal program and Fome Zero program, even before it became a federal program. The importance of the relation between the formulators and those who implement the policies became evident with the institutional dimension characterization. Finally, the description of the projects that compose the program itself reinforces the importance of the coordination function, concerned with the benefits of the whole set of distinct projects
Mestrado
Planejamento e Desenvolvimento Rural Sustentável
Mestre em Engenharia Agrícola
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Malan, LP, and Rooyen EJ van. "Community partnerships- enhancing municipal food security policy." Journal of Public Administration, 2010. http://encore.tut.ac.za/iii/cpro/DigitalItemViewPage.external?sp=1001174.
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Whilst many developing countries engage in sound policy processes on
macro level as far as economic and social development are concerned,
the day-to-day victual needs of impoverished communities also depend
on sound policies as well as appropriate arrangements, which take effect in the
municipal sphere. Such needs, as food security, is dependant on the establishment
of effective partnership agreements among all stakeholders, including local councils,
district councils as well as metropolitan councils; the actual entities that are responsible
to create the enabling environment in which food security could be enhanced.
In this article, issues relating to food security, partnership models, the
enabling environment, and community involvement in this partnership process,
are discussed briefly. Public administration practitioners should ensure they
contributively involve themselves in this debate. The article concludes by
emphasising the need for a proper and structured approach to be followed, of a
food security policy is due to be operationalised in practice.
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Jenny, Donna L. "An evaluative policy analysis of municipal 911." Instructions for remote access. Click here to access this electronic resource. Access available to Kutztown University faculty, staff, and students only, 1993. http://www.kutztown.edu/library/services/remote_access.asp.
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Thesis (M.P.A.)--Kutztown University of Pennsylvania, 1993.Source: Masters Abstracts International, Volume: 45-06, page: 2945. Abstract precedes thesis as [2] preliminary leaves. Typescript. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 84-88).
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Alves, Alesandra Maia Lima. "Trajetória das políticas públicas de educação infantil no município de Juiz de Fora no período de 1996 a 2013." Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora (UFJF), 2016. https://repositorio.ufjf.br/jspui/handle/ufjf/3604.
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Constituem-se objeto deste trabalho acadêmico as políticas públicas de Educação Infantil do Município de Juiz de Fora no período de 1996 a 2013. Nestes dezoito anos, políticas educacionais foram desenvolvidas, tanto no âmbito nacional quanto no âmbito local, visando a propiciar condições necessárias ao atendimento às crianças de 0 a 5 anos na primeira etapa da Educação Básica, como prescrito nas legislações federais. Nesse sentido, busquei compreender como o Município de Juiz de Fora se organizou para elaborar e implementar as políticas públicas municipais a favor da Educação Infantil após 1996. Para tanto, a escolha metodológica foi a abordagem denominada Ciclo de Política, formulada pelo sociólogo inglês Stephen Ball e por seus colaboradores (Bowe, Ball e Gold, 1992; Ball, 1994), que consiste em investigar os processos pelos quais as políticas educacionais são formadas, implementadas e experimentadas. Foram realizadas análises de documentos; entrevistas semiestruturadas com sujeitos protagonistas das políticas públicas e leitura de notícias de jornais locais. Os estudos sobre Educação Infantil, políticas públicas, regime de colaboração, financiamento da educação, embasados nos seguintes autores: Jamil Cury, Marcelino Pinto, Sônia Kramer, Maria Malta Campos, Moises Kuhlmann Jr, FulviaRosemberg, Fernando Abrúcio,Zilma Oliveira, entre outros. Foi possível perceber que as ações do poder público municipal foram influenciadas pelo contexto nacional e se concentraram na elaboração de legislações que regulamentassem a Educação Infantil no município de Juiz de Fora, na instituição de políticas de formação e da elaboração da proposta curricular. Outras demandas como a expansão do número de vagas e a construção de novos prédios são condicionadas, também, pelo financiamento, o que se torna um complicador, quando os recursos aplicados para essa etapa educacional são insuficientes. São ações que exigem decisões políticas e financeiras que vão além dos limites da ação municipal. Percebi a fragilidade da política pública quando explicitei a relação da SE-JF com as Creches Comunitárias, antes situadas no campo da Assistência. Percebemos que as concepções presentes a partir de 1996, nas legislações municipais, pautaram-se na EI como um direito da criança pequena e responsabilidade municipal. Os espaços pensados para atender às necessidades das crianças, os eventos de formação e o aumento do investimento público na Educação Infantil, evidenciam a centralidade do processo na criança. Infere-se que esse processo de organização de uma oferta pública é formador de uma nova mentalidade sobre a educação das crianças pequenas e sobre o papel propositivo e realizador do poder público.
It has been object of this academic work the public policies for Early Childhood Education in Juiz de Fora County from 1996 to 2013. In these eighteen years, educational policies have been developed, both nationally and locally, in order to provide conditions needed to 0-5 year-old children for the first stage of Basic Education, as it is required by the federal legislation. In this sense, I have tried to understand how the Juiz de Fora County organized itself to elaborate and implement municipal public policies in favor to the early Childhood Education after 1996. Therefore, the methodological choice was the approach called Cycle Policy, formulated by the British sociologist Stephen Ball and by his employees (Bowe, Ball and Gold, 1992; Ball, 1994), consisting of investigating the processes by which educational policies are formed, implemented and experienced. It was carried out analysis of available documents, semi-structured interviews with subjects protagonists of public policy; and reading of the news from local newspapers. We have used in this thesis, the study on Early Childhood Education, public policy, collaborative arrangements, education funding, founded on the following authors: Jamil CuryMarcelino Pinto, Sonia Kramer, Maria Malta Campos,MoisesKuhlmannJr,FulviaRosemberg, Fernando Abrucio,Zilma Oliveira, among others. It was possible to realize that the actions of the municipal government focused on drafting laws regulating the Early Childhood Education at Juiz de Fora municipality;on the institution of training policies and on the elaboration of curriculum proposal. Other demands such as expanding the number of places and the construction of new buildings are conditioned also by the funding, which becomes a complication when the resources used for this educational stage are insufficient. They are actions that require financial and political decisions that go beyond the limits of action municipal. I have noticed the fragility of public policy when I have explained the relationship of SE-JF with the Community Kindergartens, before situated in the field of assistance. We have perceived that the present conceptions from 1996 in municipal legislation were based on EI as a right of the small child and a municipal responsibility. The spaces designed to meet the needs of children, the training events and the increased public investment in Early Childhood Education, highlighting the centrality of the process in children. It is inferred that this process of organizing a public offering is forming a new mentality on the education of young children and on the propositional and director role of the government.
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Santos, José Paulino Sousa. "A GESTÃO DAS POLÍTICAS EDUCACIONAIS MUNICIPAIS: a experiência da rede pública municipal de Alto Alegre do Pindaré - MA." Universidade Federal do Maranhão, 2011. http://tedebc.ufma.br:8080/jspui/handle/tede/210.
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Previous issue date: 2011-10-31This work is part of the line of research: Status and Educational Management in the Research Group: Basic Education Policy, the Graduate Program in Education - Master of the Federal University of Maranhão.Its object of study "Management of Municipal Educational Policy: Experience from public municipal Pindaré Alegre do Alto - MA."This process is limited in the reform of the Brazilian state prevalent in the 1990s, and the educational reforms arising from this reconfiguration process of education to new determinations of the market. For this purpose are defined as guiding objectives to reflect on the democratic school management guidelines prioritized education, especially the first legal frameworks: CF / 1988 and LDB (Law No. 9394/96), from conception prevalent in the years 1990. We analyze the role of councils in the area of education, placing them in the context of education, highlighting its nature, principles, objectives and functions. Addresses the process of municipalization of education and the tensions between the established social movement in the legislative process developed in the years 1980/90 in the context of democratization of Brazilian society. The methodology applied to this study is characterized as a qualitative research, whose methodological approach developed articulating documentary and empirical literature. We tried to theoretical contribution contributions Demo (1998), Time (2011), Frigotto (2004), Gohn (2002), Walnut, Romanelli, Zago (2000), Birth (2006), Paro (2004), Peace (2004 ), Werle (2008), Sheinvar; Algebaile (2004) among others. Data collection script was used semi-structured interview using a questionnaire containing open and closed questions applied to a sample of 39 (thirty nine) subjects: managers, teachers, parents, educational coordinators and local education authorities . The study highlighted the importance and need for more knowledge on the part of the school community on design and management principles of democracy, autonomy, participation and management of educational work, as well as investments in initial and continuing training of school subjects, including manager. We emphasize the importance of active participation of the school community, as a contribution to overcoming the social contradictions that resonate within you and help and involvement with a view to the process of building a more humane and democratic society.
O presente trabalho se inscreve na linha de pesquisa: Estado e Gestão Educacional, no Grupo de Pesquisa: Política de Educação Básica, do Programa de Pós-Graduação em Educação Mestrado, da Universidade Federal do Maranhão. Tem como objeto de análise A Gestão das Políticas Educacionais Municipais: a experiência da rede pública municipal de Alto Alegre do Pindaré MA . Circunscreve-se esse processo no âmbito da reforma do Estado brasileiro prevalente nos anos de 1990, e as reformas educativas decorrentes desse processo de reconfiguração da educação às novas determinações do mercado. Para isso, definem-se como objetivos norteadores refletir sobre a gestão escolar democrática priorizada nas diretrizes educacionais, destacando-se inicialmente os marcos legais: CF/ 1988 e a LDB (Lei n.º 9394/96), a partir da concepção prevalente nos anos de 1990; analisar o papel dos conselhos na área de educação, situando-os no contexto dos sistemas de ensino, destacando sua natureza, princípios, objetivos e funções; abordar o processo de municipalização da educação e as tensões estabelecidas entre o movimento social, no âmbito do processo legislativo desenvolvido nos anos de 1980/90, no contexto de democratização da sociedade brasileira. Quanto à metodologia aplicada, o presente estudo caracteriza-se como uma pesquisa qualitativa, cuja proposta metodológica desenvolveu-se articulando pesquisa bibliográfica documental e empírica. Buscou-se aporte teórico nas contribuições de Demo (2009), Hora (2011), Frigotto (2004), Gohn (2002), Nogueira, Romanelli, Zago (2000), Nascimento (2006), Paro (2004), Paz (2004), Werle (2008), Sheinvar; Algebaile (2004), entre outros. Na coleta de dados utilizou-se roteiro de entrevista semiestruturada, utilizando-se questionários contendo questões abertas e fechadas, aplicados a uma amostra constituída por 39 (trinta e nove) sujeitos: gestores, professores, pais, coordenadores pedagógicos e autoridades municipais de educação. O estudo realizado ressaltou a importância e a necessidade de um maior conhecimento por parte da comunidade escolar sobre concepção e princípios de gestão democrática, autonomia, participação e sobre gestão do trabalho pedagógico, além de investimentos na formação inicial e continuada dos sujeitos da escola, incluindo o gestor. Enfatiza-se a importância da participação efetiva da comunidade escolar, na perspectiva de contribuir para a superação das contradições sociais que repercutem no seu interior e de auxiliar e fomentar a participação com vistas ao processo de construção de uma sociedade mais humana e democrática.
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Johnson, Claire Victoria. "Outsourcing basic municipal services: policy, legislation and contracts." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2004. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&.
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Municipalities in South Africa are increasingly outsourcing municipal services, including basic municipal services such as water and sanitation services and refuse collection and disposal. The Constitution places onerous duties on municipalities to respect and promote human rights in the exercise of the powers and the performance of their functions. These duties are particularly prevalent when a municipality is deciding on the optimal service delivery mechanism for basic municipal services. It is thus crucial for the policy and legislative environment regarding municipal outsourcing to be firm and clear and for the municipality to ensure satisfactory implementation of outsourcing projects, including contract management. This thesis examined the policy and legislative framework governing municipal outsourcing and described the general features of a range of current South African outsourcing contracts. It also questioned whether the policy and legislative framework are consistent in their objectives and assessed how these objectives are carried through and translated into the contract drafting and implementation phases of outsourcing.
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Cardinal, Donna. "Envisioning cities, making municipal cultural policy in Canada." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape10/PQDD_0021/MQ46966.pdf.
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Bourcier, Danièle. "Analyse des standards de la police municipale approche décisionnelle /." Lille 3 : ANRT, 1989. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb376122040.
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Bourcier, Danièle. "Analyse des standards de la police municipale : approche décisionnelle." Paris 1, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA010283.
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La police municipale est etudiee comme processus decisionnel mettant en jeu des standards de type normatifs (l'ordre public, la tranquillite, la securite et la salubrite publiques mais aussi l'urgence. . . ) et des standards circonstanciels (le degre de gravite du trouble, ou l'adequation de la mesure prise. . . ). La decision observee recouvre autant l'acte normateur de l'autorite de police (interdiction. . . ) que l'acte de controle du juge (exces de pouvoir. . . ). L'objectif de cette etude est de voir quels sont les concepts, criteres, caracteristiques et raisonnements qui peuvent intervenir dans ce type de decision. Pour cette analyse, deux methodes informatiques ont ete utilisees: l'analyse statistique lexicale (analyse factorielle et tableau de contingence) et l'intelligence artificielle (systeme-expert). L'analyse lexicale croise le vocabulaire des arrets du conseil d'etat depuis 1920 et les modalites d'une grille de variables (decision du maire, decision du juge, standards invoques. . . ). Elle a conduit a une lecture structurale des principaux standards et a une analyse des oppositions et regroupements les plus significatifs suivant l'epoque ou les types de policeThe municipal reglementation has been often read from a material or organic point of view. We propose there a computational approach of decision by the description of its criteria, concepts, predicates, standards and rules. For this work, two methods of computer science have been used: lexico-statistics (factorial correspondances analysis, multidimensional analysis) and artificial intelligence. The lexical analysis allows intersections beetween vocabulary from cases and a lattice of variables. It lets to initiate a structural reading of the chief standards ("ordre public", rights and liberties. . . ). Artificial intelligence permits to describe and simulate the decisional process of the local authority on the law of "noise" (standard of "tranquillite publique"). The conception of an expert system leads to enlight descriptors, standards (degree of discomfort, urgency) and rules of the field (discretionary power) and to use the results of the first methodology. A critical approach of the role of such tools in the. .
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Melo, Ismail Barra Nova de. "Espaço municipal : governo e orçamento participativo /." Rio Claro : [s.n.], 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/95744.
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Orientador: Lívia de OliveiraBanca: Mirna Lygia Vieira
Banca: Ana Maria Marques Camargo Marangoni
Resumo: Vivemos num mundo cada vez mais complexo e dinâmico em que há uma relação entre o espaço global e o espaço municipal. Nesta relação, o global influencia o municipal que, ao mesmo tempo, alimenta o global. No espaço municipal, muitas vezes, é preciso encontrar respostas para as ações que vêm de fora. Neste contexto, o ator-prefeito, um dos atores do espaço municipal, tenta, na sua gestão, influenciado ou não pelas ações externas do espaço municipal, desenvolver estratégias políticas para implantar seu projeto de Governo. Estamos propondo que o Orçamento Participativo pode ser uma estratégia de cooperação estabelecida entre Governo municipal e população, desta forma, trazendo benefícios para a população, que acabaria sendo um dos elementos de adesão do Governo, logo, dando-lhe sustentação. O apoio da população para com o Governo é uma forma de garantir suas expectativas atendidas. Nesta parceria, Governo e população formam uma co-gestão. Tento como base de apoio a população que participa do Orçamento Público, esta adesão pode ajudar para que o ator-prefeito possa ter em seu favor a governabilidade no cenário do espaço municipal.
Abstract: We live in a world which is more and more dynamic and complex every day, where there is a relationship between the global space and the municipal space. In this relationship, the global aspects influence the municipal, which feeds the global back. In the Municipal space, many times, it is necessary to find answers to the foreign questions, that is, questions that come from outside the municipal space.. In such a context, the mayor-actor , one of the actors of the municipal space, tries , during his/her management, influenced or not by the external actions of the municipal space, to develop strategic policies to implement his/her project of Government. Our proposal is that the Participative Budget may be a strategy of collaboration established between the Municipal Government and the city population, bringing benefits to the population, which would become one of the Government adhesion elements, giving it support. The support the population gives to the government is a way to guarantee their accomplished expectations. In this partnership, government and population become a co-management. Having as a basis of support the population who participate in the Public Budget, this adhesion may help the mayoractor to have the governance by his side in the scenery of the municipal space.
Mestre
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Cheng, Wai-pang Tony, and 鄭偉鵬. "Dissolution of the Municipal Councils: a policy window perspective." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2001. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31966482.
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Cheng, Wai-pang Tony. "Dissolution of the Municipal Councils : a policy window perspective /." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 2001. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk:8888/cgi-bin/hkuto%5Ftoc%5Fpdf?B2329467x.
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Karousakis, K. "The economics and policy of municipal solid waste management." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2007. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1444764/.
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This thesis contributes to the environmental economics and policy of sustainable municipal solid waste management. Significant market and government failures are present that lead to inefficiently high levels of waste generation and distort the optimal allocation of waste to the various disposal options available. The aims of the thesis are to identify and analyse the socio-economic, policy, spatial, as well as attitudinal determinants of municipal solid waste generation, disposal and recycling, at the international macro-economic level and at the household level. The former is conducted using cross-sectional time-series data from the 30 member countries of the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) over the period 1980 to 2000, whereas the latter is undertaken using original survey data collected from 188 households in London, UK. Three distinct methods have been adopted to undertake this investigation namely panel data econometrics, spatial econometrics techniques, and the stated preference choice experiment method. Conforming with previous studies, the results from the panel data econometrics indicate that waste generation is income inelastic. However, higher income levels are associated with smaller proportions of municipal solid waste disposed of at landfills and greater proportions of paper/cardboard and glass recycling. The role of urbanisation, population density and waste management policies are also examined. Moreover, spatial interaction is present in waste management and policy-making suggesting that governments may be acting strategically in their decision-making processes. Finally, the results from the choice experiment indicate that households are willing to pay for the number of 'dry' materials collected, and the collection of compost, while textile collection and the frequency of kerbside collection is less important. These insights into municipal solid waste management can assist policy-makers in designing and implementing efficient and cost-effective policies in developed countries, helping to promote sustainable municipal solid waste management.
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Senda, Ngoma Sylvain. "Le role de la commune en matiere de police." Reims, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999REIMD003.
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Le maire dispose en matiere de police des competences aux contours incertains. Le partage de ces competences avec d'autres autorites de police souffre d'un manque de clarte. Ces insuf, fisances juridiques affectent le regime de responsabilite en la matiere. Aujourd'hui la reforme du droit penal sur la responsabilite des elus empeche les maires a decider courageusement. L'execution des arretes du maire est assuree par des policiers municipaux qui benefi, cient des attributions limitees au regart d'une part la montee de l'insecurite et du retrait inces- sant de police nationale d'autre part. Heureusement qu'il existe des institutions et surtout des associations qui assurent avec succes des missions de proximite a connotation securitaire. La creation l'organisation et le fonctionnement d'une police municipale varient d'une commu, ne a une autre. Un juridique des policiers municipaux est a repenser avec ineluctablement un elargissement des competences. La coperation inter-police dans les communes est en grande partie informelleIn matter of council ,the mayor disposes of abilities witn uncertain outlines. The division of these abilities with other police authorities ,suffers from a lack of cleamess. The juridical deficiences affect the responsabilities system in the matter. Nowadays, the reform of penal laws concerning the responsabilities of the representatives,keeps the mayor from deciding bravely. The enforcement of the mayor's decrees is made by council police officers,who profit by limi, ted competence with regart to in one hand the rising of insecurity,and the unremitting withdra, wal of police in the other hand. Fortunately,there are institutions and particularly associations which take upon with succes close by missions with security connotations. Creation, organisation,and working of council police change one council to another. A juridical regulation of council officers has be reconsidered,with an extension of their abilities the mutual aid between polices of councils is mainly informal
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Kwan, Chui-lan Rachel. "A study of the death of franchise policy for ferry services in Hong Kong." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1999. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B2103803X.
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Arias, Vazquez Daniel. "A regulação federal como mecanismo de ajuste." [s.n.], 2010. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/285952.
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Orientador: Eduardo FagnaniTese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Economia
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Resumo: Esta tese analisa os mecanismos institucionais que permitiram maior controle do governo federal sobre a gestão fiscal e a execução das políticas descentralizadas, de competências partilhadas e de caráter universal (educação e saúde), no período posterior à implantação do Plano Real. O objetivo da regulação federal era impedir que os governos subnacionais adotassem um comportamento antagônico às diretrizes de ajuste fiscal estabelecidas pela política macroeconômica e, ao mesmo tempo, ampliar a oferta descentralizada e reduzir as desigualdades horizontais no financiamento das políticas de educação e saúde. A questão que surge é: como conciliar o ajuste fiscal com a expansão do gasto descentralizado nestas áreas? A resposta está na utilização da regulação federal como mecanismo de ajuste para, primeiramente, adequar o comportamento fiscal dos governos subnacionais às metas de superávit primário por meio de regras e limites que restringiram a autonomia decisória dos governantes e, em seguida, estabelecer prioridade de gasto e direcionar recursos para as políticas reguladas através de mudanças nas regras de financiamento destas políticas. As estratégias jurídico-institucionais foram bastante diversificadas, com o intuito de fornecer incentivos corretos que contemplassem os interesses federativos e que fossem adequados ao legado da política em questão. Desta forma, optou-se por realizar um estudo detalhado dos aspectos institucionais, federativos e fiscais da Lei Responsabilidade Fiscal - LRF e das reformas nas políticas de educação (Fundef/ Fundeb) e de atenção básica de saúde (SUS), cuja capacidade de regulação destes mecanismos será mensurada pelos efeitos provocados nas finanças municipais e pelos resultados obtidos nas políticas reguladas. Este estudo demonstrou que houve uma convergência em relação ao ajuste e que a LRF garantiu um equilíbrio fiscal no longo-prazo em nível municipal, bem como foram registrados avanços significativos em relação à ampliação da oferta de matrículas no ensino fundamental e na produção de ações de atenção básica de saúde, com redução das desigualdades horizontais entre os municípios brasileiros. A despeito destes avanços, os níveis de gasto público em educação e saúde no Brasil ainda permanecem baixos e foram apontadas evidências dos limites impostos pela política econômica à participação da União no financiamento destas áreas, em função da subordinação do gasto social em relação às despesas financeiras.
Abstract: This thesis analyzes the institutional mechanisms that have allowed greater control by the central government on the fiscal management and on the decentralized policies execution, with shared competence and universality character (education and health), in the period after Real Plan. The federal regulation aims to prevent local governments to adopt an antagonistic behavior of the guidelines established by the fiscal and macroeconomic policy and, in the same time, increasing supply and reduce horizontal inequalities in the funding of education and health policies. The question that arises is: how to reconcile the fiscal adjustment with the expansion of the decentralized spending in these areas? The answer pass by the role of federal regulation as a mechanism to adjust, first of all, the behavior of fiscal adjustment by means of rules and limits that restrict the decision-making autonomy of the rulers and then, in second, to set priorities and direct resources for the regulated policies. The legal and institutional strategies used were quite diverse, in order to provide proper incentives for each situation, which involve federal interests and consider the legacy of these policies. In this way, this work make a detailed study of the institutional, federative and fiscal aspects of the Fiscal Responsibility Law - FRL and about the changes in arrangements for financing education policies (Fundef / Fundeb) and basic health care (SUS), whose the capacity of these mechanisms to set federal regulation will be measured by the effects in the municipal finances and by the results obtained in the regulated policies. This study demonstrated that a convergence tendency on the direction of the fiscal adjustment and that the LRF has established a long-term balance in the municipal budget, and was observed a expressive increase in the supply of basic education and actions for basic health care, with reduction of horizontal inequalities between the municipalities. Despite these advances, the levels of public spending on education and health in Brazil are still low and were evidences about the limits imposed by economic policy to the central government spend in these areas, due to the subordination of social federal spending because of the increasing in the financial spends.
Doutorado
Economia Social e do Trabalho
Doutor em Desenvolvimento Economico
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Boumaza, Lakhdar. "La répartition des compétences entre l'état et la commune en matière de police municipale." Aix-Marseille 3, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997AIX32014.
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Si la police municipale apparait comme l'exemple type de police administrative, une inconnue demeure quant a son origine. Le droit contemporain n'est que l'aboutissement d'un phenomene fonde sur la theorie generale de l'etat. Titulaire exclusif du droit des competences, les autorites de l'etat en usent librement selon l'ideologie dominante dans la collectivite nationale. L'examen des donnees historiques montre effectivement que, des origines a la loi de 1884, cette longue periode inscrit la repartition des competences dans une tendance constante a la centralisation. Il n'en reste pas moins que le mouvement de repartition obeit a un certain nombre de principes directeurs, dont l'expose montre que l'etat n'a pas le droit de donner des ordres inconditionnes. Dans le domaine de la police municipale, son action est teleguidee alors meme que son pouvoir est souverain. Ainsi, la dimension politique est relayee par la dimension normative pour fixer le cadre de la repartition des competences depolice municipale. Son examen fait apparaitre la presence d'un certain nombre de caracteres donnant a la repartition toute sa valeur. Tout d'abord, elle se particularise par une effectivite subordonnee des competences de police municipale. Ensuite, l'exercice du pouvoir de police municipale reste encore soumis a diverses formes de centralisationIf the municipal police appears as a model example of an administrative police, these is somet hing unknown as to ist origin. Contemporary law is no more than the ont come of a phenomenon forinded upon the general theory of the state. As unconstested detainers of the rights of these powers, the authorities of the state exercise them freely in accordance with the prevailing ideology of the notion. An examination of the historic data reveals, in fort, that starting from the beginning up until the low of 1884, there as been a constant tendancy in the distribution of these powers toward centralisation. It is never the less the case that the direction of this distribution follows a certain nunber of guiding principales the account of wich shows that the state does note have the right to issue unconditional over. As for as the municipal police is concerned its action is controlled from a distance even though its power is soveragn
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Persson, Åsa Maria. "Choosing environmental policy instruments : case studies of municipal waste policy in Sweden and England." Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 2007. http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/909/.
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European governments have during the last couple of decades shown an interest in new types of environmental policy instruments (EPIs) such as environmental taxes, tradable permit schemes and voluntary approaches, as opposed to relying on traditional forms of regulation. The interest in so-called ‘new’ EPIs (NEPIs) has led many governments to commit both to a more diverse EPI mix and to a policy process characterised by procedural rationality, in terms of considering a wide range of alternative instruments and assessing them in a systematic and transparent way. The first aim of this thesis is to examine the success of the quest for NEPIs at the national level in the field of municipal waste policy in two countries; the UK (England) and Sweden. In addition to mapping out EPI diversity, two contrasting theories on the pattern of adoption of instruments over time are evaluated, specifically focusing on the degree of coercion associated with EPIs. It is found that the waste policy mix in England has become more diverse, while the Swedish mix is characterised by a higher degree of coercion. The second aim is to analyse whether the instrument choice process has become more procedurally rational, and, if so, conducive to the adoption of NEPIs. A range of instrument choice theories at the macro-, meso- and micro-levels drawn from the public policy and political science literature are used to explain whether the ideal of procedural rationality is achievable or not. A case study methodology is used, in which the processes leading to the landfill allowance trading scheme (LATS) in England and and the waste incineration tax in Sweden are studied. It is found that the procedural rationality was higher in the England case, but that it is not a necessary nor sufficient cause for adoption of a NEPI.
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Aubrée, Jean-Michel. "La police municipale : un pouvoir général du maire autorité décentralisée ?" Nice, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003NICE0050.
Full textAbstract:
The municipal public order, beyond appearances, has not been extended but has specialized itself, leading to a concentration of factors which determine police acts legality. This reality is part of a global movement which contributes to police rights delocalization heading towards the specialization of the municipal police to the detriment of its general habilitation. Continuous actions have occurred to reduce the mayor's competence in administrativ police matters. His competence might be transfered to another authority or in the best case scenario his decision power's autonomy is challenged. The evolution makes wonder about the decentralized police status, even more so since the new administrative control system has not broken up the previous organizational structure nor has regulated the local power system. The decentralization process has not extended the mayor's municipal power any further. It has not disturbed either the State's essential role with regards to administrativ police.