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Author: Grafiati

Published: 1 June 2024

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1

Algueró, M., H. Amorín, C. M. Fernández-Posada, O. Peña, P. Ramos, E. Vila, and A. Castro. "Perovskite solid solutions with multiferroic morphotropic phase boundaries and property enhancement." Journal of Advanced Dielectrics 06, no. 02 (June 2016): 1630004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s2010135x16300048.

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Recently, large phase-change magnetoelectric response has been anticipated by a first-principles investigation of phases in the BiFeO3–BiCoO3 perovskite binary system, associated with the existence of a discontinuous morphotropic phase boundary (MPB) between multiferroic polymorphs of rhombohedral and tetragonal symmetries. This might be a general property of multiferroic phase instabilities, and a novel promising approach for room temperature magnetoelectricity. We review here our current investigations on the identification and study of additional material systems, alternative to BiFeO3–BiCoO3 that has only been obtained by high pressure synthesis. Three systems, whose phase diagrams were, in principle, liable to show multiferroic MPBs have been addressed: the BiMnO3–PbTiO3 and BiFeO3–PbTiO3 binary systems, and the BiFeO3–BiMnO3–PbTiO3 ternary one. A comprehensive study of multiferroism across different solid solutions was carried out based on electrical and magnetic characterizations, complemented with mechanical and electromechanical measurements. An in-depth structural analysis was also accomplished when necessary.

2

Xu, Fang Long, Peng Jun Zhao, Jia Qi Zhang, and Xin Qian Xiong. "Fluorine Doping Effects on the Electric Property of BiFeO₃ Thin Films." Applied Mechanics and Materials 624 (August 2014): 161–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.624.161.

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F doping BiFeO3-xFx (x=0, 0.02, 0.04, 0.06, 0.08) thin films were successfully fabricated on ITO/glass substrates by sol-gel method. X-ray diffraction analysis indicated that the un-doped BiFeO3 and F doping BiFeO3 thin films presented rhombohedral structure with the space group R3c. F-doping is found to significantly enhance the dielectric constant and decrease the leakage current density for x=0.08 compared with x=0. This study provides direct evidence that the multiferroic characteristics of BiFeO3 are sensitive to the anion doping, such as F, providing a convenient alternative to manipulate the electric polarization in multiferroic oxides.

3

Hang, Qi Ming, Xin Hua Zhu, Zhen Jie Tang, Ye Song, and Zhi Guo Liu. "Self-Assembled Perovskite Epitaxial Multiferroic BiFeO₃ Nanoislands." Advanced Materials Research 197-198 (February 2011): 1325–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.197-198.1325.

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Perovskite epitaxial multiferroic BiFeO3 nanoislands were grown on SrTiO3 (100) and Nb-doped SrTiO3 (100) single crystal substrates by chemical self-assembled method. Their phase structure and morphology were characterized by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and atomic force microscopy, respectively. The results showed that epitaxial multiferroic BiFeO3 nanoislands were obtained via post-annealing process in the temperature range of 650 - 800°C, and their lateral sizes were in the range of 50 - 160 nm and height of 6 -12 nm. With increasing the post-annealing temperature, the morphology of BiFeO3 nanoisland in the (100) growth plane evolved from tri-angled to squared, and then to plated shapes. By using piezo-force microscopy, ferroelectric characteristics of a single epitaxial BiFeO3 nanoisland (with lateral size of ~ 50 nm and height of 12 nm) grown on Nb-doped SrTiO3 (100) single crystal substrate, was characterized. The results demonstrated that fractal ferroelectric domains existed in the single BiFeO3 nanoisland, and self-biased polarization was also observed within this multiferroic nanoisland. This phenomenon can be ascribed to the interfacial stress caused by the lattice misfit between the BiFeO3 nanoisland and the SrTiO3 single crystal substrate.

4

William, R. V., A. Marikani, and K. Gangatharan. "Investigation of Multiferroic BiFeO3 Nanorods Using 2-MOE(C3H8O2)-Assisted Citrate Sol–Gel Method." International Journal of Nanoscience 18, no. 05 (July 24, 2019): 1850029. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219581x18500291.

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Bismuth ferrite (BiFeO[Formula: see text] nanorods have been prepared from 2-methoyethanol (2-MOE)-assisted sol–gel technique. Structure, dielectric, and magnetic properties of BiFeO3 nanorods are briefly discussed in this paper. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) results suggest that the BiFeO3 peaks calcined at 500∘C exhibit a distorted rhombohedral perovskite structure with the absence of other secondary phases like Bi2Fe4O9. Meanwhile, the BiFeO3 showed excellent photoluminescence (PL) behavior due to the transmission of electrons from conduction band to the valence band. Ferroelectric hysteresis loop of BiFeO3 shows an increase of coercivity from 5.5–6[Formula: see text][Formula: see text]C/cm2 in a frequency range of 6–12[Formula: see text]kHz. The magnetization measurement resulted in a well-saturated ferromagnetic behavior, and in addition, the temperature-dependent magnetization was discussed for BiFeO3 nanorod using superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID) method. The zero-field-cooled (ZFC) and field-cooled (FC) curves reveal spin-glass effect owing to size effects, spin exchange, and anisotropy of material assembly.

5

Verseils, M., K. Beauvois, A. Litvinchuk, S. deBrion, V. Simonet, E. Ressouche, V. Skumryev, and M. Gospodinov. "Investigation of High Pressure Phase Transition by Means of Infrared Spectroscopy in the Cairo Frustrated Pentagonal Magnet Bi2Fe4O9." Proceedings 26, no. 1 (September 5, 2019): 31. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2019026031.

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6

Yao, Minghai, Long Cheng, Shenglan Hao, Samir Salmanov, Mojca Otonicar, Frédéric Mazaleyrat, and Brahim Dkhil. "Great multiferroic properties in BiFeO₃/BaTiO₃ system with composite-like structure." Applied Physics Letters 122, no. 15 (April 10, 2023): 152904. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0139017.

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Multiferroic materials have attracted significant research attention due to their technological potential for applications as multifunctional devices. The scarcity of single-phase multiferroics and their low inherent coupling between multiferroic order parameters above room temperature pose a challenge to their further applications. We propose a 3BiFeO3/7BaTiO3 perovskite–perovskite composite that combines ferroelectricity and ferromagnetism. We demonstrate that the sintering temperature can tailor the ferroelectricity and ferromagnetism of the composites. The multiferroicity can be achieved at a low sintering temperature in the composite-like structure ceramics, and its multiferroic properties, especially the ferromagnetism, are superior to those of solid solutions. We also investigate the dynamic evolution of multiferroicity with sintering temperature. We adopt a nano–micro strategy to construct a composite-like microstructure, which results in optimized ferroelectric (1.62 μC cm−2) and ferromagnetic (0.16 emu/g) characteristics at a sintering temperature of 750 °C. We also found experimental evidence of the competition between antiferromagnetic and ferromagnetic interactions in the transition metal cation sublattice. Multiferroic BiFeO3/BaTiO3 composites with combined ferroelectric and ferromagnetic properties have significant potential for various applications.

7

Suastiyanti, Dwita. "Improvement of magnetic properties through the synthesis of ceramic materials with various weight ratios of BaTiO, BiFeO3, and BaFe12O19 with sol-gel method." ASM Science Journal 17 (December 15, 2022): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.32802/asmscj.2022.1147.

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Electronic devices designed with multiferroic materials comprising both electrical and magnetic properties are needed for significant memory storage. Several studies have been carried out on multiferroic materials based on BaTiO3, BiFeO3, and BaFe12O19. However, none have obtained optimum multiferroic properties because they still show inadequate magnetic properties, especially energy values. Therefore, this study aims to enhance the mechanical properties of ceramics synthesized by the sol-gel method. The XRD and permagraph tests with metallographic observations using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) were used to enhance the ceramic compounds by mixing powder based on BaTiO3, BiFeO3, and BaFe12O19. Furthermore, the ratio of the weight composition of the materials varied by 1:1:1; 1:2:2; 2:1:1; 1:2:1 and 2:1:2. The result showed that the best magnetic properties were obtained at the weight composition ratio of 1:2:2 with a magnetic energy value of 48.0897x104 GkA/m. Based on SEM analysis, the sample with this weight ratio was dominated by the BiFeO3 and BaFe12O19 phases with high magnetic properties.

8

Zhang, Runqing, Peiju Hu, Lingling Bai, Xing Xie, Huafeng Dong, Minru Wen, Zhongfei Mu, Xin Zhang, and Fugen Wu. "New multiferroic BiFeO₃ with large polarization." Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics 24, no. 10 (2022): 5939–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d1cp05452j.

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9

Borissenko, Elena, Alexei Bosak, Pauline Rovillain, Maximilien Cazayous, Marco Goffinet, Philippe Ghosez, Dorothée Colson, and Michael Krisch. "Lattice dynamics of multiferroic BiFeO3." Acta Crystallographica Section A Foundations of Crystallography 66, a1 (August 29, 2010): s167. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s0108767310096248.

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10

Goswami, Sudipta, Dipten Bhattacharya, P. Choudhury, B. Ouladdiaf, and T. Chatterji. "Multiferroic coupling in nanoscale BiFeO3." Applied Physics Letters 99, no. 7 (August 15, 2011): 073106. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3625924.

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11

Cao, Xian-Sheng. "Phonon properties of multiferroic BiFeO3." Materials Science and Engineering: B 251 (December 2019): 114446. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mseb.2019.114446.

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12

Zhu, J. L., S. M. Feng, L. J. Wang, C. Q. Jin, X. H. Wang, L. T. Li, Y. C. Li, X. D. Li, and J. Liu. "Structural stability of multiferroic BiFeO3." High Pressure Research 30, no. 2 (June 2010): 265–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/08957959.2010.493670.

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13

Huang, Yao Ting, Xiu Li Fu, Xiao Hong Zhao, and Wei Hua Tang. "A Review of the Influential Factors on the Ferroelectric Domain Structure in BiFeO₃ Thin Films." Key Engineering Materials 544 (March 2013): 219–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.544.219.

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BiFeO3 is a very promising multiferroic materials, which can present ferroelectric and antiferromagnetic properties at room temperature (Tn=643 K, Tc= 1103 K). Ferroelectric domains in BiFeO3 thin films have attracted much attention due to their potential applications in memory devices. The aim of this paper is to review the main factors which can influence the ferroelectric domain structure in BiFeO3 thin films, including substrate, doping and film thickness.

14

Mahesh, Dabbugalla, and Swapan K. Mandal. "Multiferroicity in ZnO nanodumbbell/BiFeO3 nanoparticle heterostructures." International Journal of Modern Physics B 30, no. 12 (May 6, 2016): 1650074. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217979216500740.

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We report here on the multiferroic properties of ZnO–BiFeO3 (BiFeO3 referred hereinafter as BFO) nanocomposite structures obtained by using a facile solution-based synthesis route. ZnO is found to grow in the form of well-crystallized and self-assembled dumbbell-like structures. BFO nanoparticles (NPs) are deposited onto ZnO nanodumbbells (NDs) to obtain ZnO–BFO heterostructures. The nanocomposites show prominent ferroelectric polarization hysteresis loop along with enhanced magnetization in comparison to pure BFO NPs. The ordered alignment of spins along with the suppression of Fe–O–Fe antiferromagnetic super-exchange interactions at the ZnO/BFO interface plausibly gives rise to observed multiferroic properties.

15

Bougoffa, A., E. M. Benali, A. Benali, A. Tozri, E. Dhahri, M. P. Graça, M. A. Valente, and B. F. O. Costa. "Structural, Dielectric, Electrical, and Magnetic Characteristics of Bi0.8Ba0.1Er0.1Fe0.96Cr0.02Mn0.02O3 Nanoparticles." Crystals 14, no. 5 (May 7, 2024): 445. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cryst14050445.

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Bi0.8Ba0.1Er0.1Fe0.96Cr0.02Mn0.02O3 (BBEFCMO) multiferroic ceramic was synthesized through the sol-gel route. The impact of incorporating various dopants into both A and B sites of the BiFeO3 was investigated, and structural, Raman, dielectric, electric, and magnetic properties were studied. X-ray diffraction analysis and Raman spectroscopy revealed a rhombohedral structure with the R3c space group for the doped material (BBEFCMO). Dielectric properties were examined across a frequency range of 102–106 Hz. The present multiferroic material exhibits a colossal dielectric constant and minimal dielectric loss tangent, making it suitable for applications in energy storage. Furthermore, the Cole-Cole type of relaxation was deduced from the imaginary part of the modulus for both grain and boundary-grain contributions. Overall, this study indicates that substituting ions in both A and B sites of BiFeO3 significantly enhances its multiferroic properties, as evidenced by dielectric and magnetic measurements.

16

Suastiyanti, Dwita, Yuli Nurul Maulida, and Merlin Wijaya. "Improving of Electric Voltage Response Based on Improving of Electrical Properties for Multiferroic Material of BiFeO₃-BaTiO₃ System." Key Engineering Materials 867 (October 2020): 54–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.867.54.

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Synthesis of nanomultiferroic material with the active content of bismuth ferrite (BiFeO3) and barium titanate (BaTiO3) was carried out. It is considering that it was difficult to obtain single phase of BiFeO3 as a base material for multiferroic materials. It is expected that the addition of BaTiO3 on ceramic alloys consist of BiFeO3 and BaTiO3 can improve the electrical properties of the ceramics and finally it improves the multiferroic properties of the material. Multiferroic properties could be seen from the appearance of an electric voltage response if the material is given the effect of an external magnetic field. The synthesis uses the sol gel method which is a good method of producing nanosized material. Synthesis of nanomultiferroic ceramic materials is carried out by varying the weight ratio of BaTiO3 and BiFeO3 of 2: 1, calcination temperature of 350°C for 4 hours and sintering temperatures with variations of 700°C; 750°C and 800°C for 2; 4; and 6 hours. Characterization was carried out using X Ray Diffraction (XRD) to confirm phase formation. The electrical properties test which produces a hysterical loop is carried out to determine the value of remanent, coercivity and electric polarization saturation. Particle size measurements were carried out using the Beckman Coulter DelsaTM nanoinstrument. The multiferroic phenomena is known from the appearance of an electric voltage response if there is an effect of an external magnetic field on the material. The smallest particle size was obtained on ceramic powder which experienced sintered of 750°C. The best values of remanent, coercivity and electric polarization were obtained on ceramics which were sintered at temperatures of 750°C for 6 hours. This is linear with the highest value of electrical voltage arising as a result of the effect of the external magnetic field given to the ceramic material. Material that has a large electrical voltage response shows good multiferroic properties.

17

Kumar, Ashok, Nora Ortega, Sandra Dussan, Shalini Kumari, Dilsom Sanchez, James Scott, and Ram Katiyar. "Multiferroic Memory: A Disruptive Technology or Future Technology?" Solid State Phenomena 189 (June 2012): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.189.1.

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The term "Multiferroic" is coined for a material possessing at least two ferroic orders in the same or composite phase (ferromagnetic, ferroelectric, ferroelastic); if the first two ferroic orders are linearly coupled together it is known as a magnetoelectric (ME) multiferroic. Two kinds of ME multiferroic memory devices are under extensive research based on the philosophy of "switching of polarization by magnetic fields and magnetization by electric fields." Successful switching of ferroic orders will provide an extra degree of freedom to create more logic states. The "switching of polarization by magnetic fields" is useful for magnetic field sensors and for memory elements if, for example, polarization switching is via a very small magnetic field from a coil underneath an integrated circuit. The electric control of magnetization is suitable for nondestructive low-power, high-density magnetically read and electrically written memory elements. If the system possesses additional features, such as propagating magnon (spin wave) excitations at room temperature, additional functional applications may be possible. Magnon-based logic (magnonic) systems have been initiated by various scientists, and prototype devices show potential for future complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) technology. Discovery of high polarization, magnetization, piezoelectric, spin waves (magnon), magneto-electric, photovoltaic, exchange bias coupling, etc. make bismuth ferrite, BiFeO3, one of the widely investigated materials in this decade. Basic multiferroic features of well known room temperature single phase BiFeO3in bulk and thin films have been discussed. Functional magnetoelectric (ME) properties of some lead-based solid solution perovskite multiferroics are presented and these systems also have a bright future. The prospects and the limitations of the ME-based random access memory (MERAM) are explained in the context of recent discoveries and state of the art research.

18

Saha, Sujoy, Ram Prakash Singh, Ashish Rout, Aditya Mishra, Amanat Ali, Himalay Basumatary, and Rajeev Ranjan. "Inducing ferromagnetism and magnetoelectric coupling in the ferroelectric alloy system BiFeO₃–PbTiO₃ via additives." Journal of Applied Physics 133, no. 6 (February 14, 2023): 064101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0133733.

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There is a growing interest in BiFeO3-based alloys because of the possibility it offers for developing high-temperature high-performance piezoelectric materials and for their interesting multiferroic properties. Often such ceramics are synthesized with additives either to reduce/suppress leakage current that the system inherits from the parent compound BiFeO3 or to promote sintering via formation of the liquid phase. We demonstrate here the propensity for stabilizing ferromagnetism in the ferroelectric solid solution BiFeO3–PbTiO3 (BF–PT) when synthesized with additive MnO2. Detailed investigation revealed that the ferromagnetic property of the ceramic is extrinsic and caused by the additive enabled precipitation of trace amount of the ferrimagnetic Pb-hexaferrite phase, not easily detected in conventional x-ray diffraction measurements. We also show that the ferromagnetic property is induced in Co-modified BF–PT. However, in this case, the additive stabilizes the CoFe2O4 spinel ferrite phase. While our findings offer a strategy to develop particulate magnetoelectric multiferroic composites using additive assisted precipitation of the ferrimagnetic phase(s) in BiFeO3-based ferroelectric alloys, it also helps in better understanding of the electromechanical response in BFO-based alloys.

19

Huang, Yao Ting, Xiu Li Fu, Xiao Hong Zhao, and Wei Hua Tang. "A Review on Fabrication Methods of BiFeO₃ Thin Films." Key Engineering Materials 544 (March 2013): 81–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.544.81.

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BiFeO3 is a very promising multiferroic materials, which can present ferroelectric and antiferromagnetic properties at room temperature (Tn=643 K, Tc= 1103 K). Because the fabrication methods of BiFeO3 films play a significant role on their properties, various processing techniques have been developed in recent years for the preparation of such films. In this paper, the main fabrication processes on BiFeO3 thin films were reviewed, including two important chemical processes, chemical solution deposition and metal-organic chemical vapor deposition, and two commonly applied physical processes, pulsed laser deposition and radio-frequency magnetron sputtering.

20

DING, HANG-CHEN, SI-QI SHI, WEI-HUA TANG, and CHUN-GANG DUAN. "FERROELECTRIC SWITCHING PATH IN MONODOMAIN RHOMBOHEDRAL BiFeO3 CRYSTAL: A FIRST-PRINCIPLES STUDY." Journal of Advanced Dielectrics 01, no. 02 (April 2011): 179–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s2010135x11000264.

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Based on density-functional calculations, we have studied possible ferroelectric switching path in monodomain single crystal of rhombohedral BiFeO3 , a prototypical multiferroic compound. By carefully studying the behaviors of FeO6 corner-sharing double-tetrahedrons, we find abrupt changes in total energy and oxygen atomic positions, and therefore polarizations, occur in the ferroelectric switching path of rhombohedral BiFeO3 . Detailed analyses suggest that such behavior might be caused by the frustrated magnetic ordering in the paraelectric phase of rhombohedral BiFeO3 , where three O atoms and the Bi atom are in the same plane perpendicular to the polarization direction. This is supported by the fact that the ferroelectric switching for paramagnetic BiFeO3 is smooth and has a much lower energy barrier than that of antiferromagnetic BiFeO3 .

21

Schrade, Matthias, Nahum Masó, Antonio Perejón, Luis A. Pérez-Maqueda, and Anthony R. West. "Defect chemistry and electrical properties of BiFeO3." J. Mater. Chem. C 5, no. 38 (2017): 10077–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c7tc03345a.

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22

Singh, Manpreet, Pooja Kumari, Kamal Kishore, and K. C. Verma. "Multiferroic properties of Mn-substituted BiFeO3." Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Electronics 32, no. 4 (January 28, 2021): 4937–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10854-020-05232-3.

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23

Siwach, P. K., Jai Singh, H. K. Singh, G. D. Varma, and O. N. Srivastava. "Spray pyrolysis deposited multiferroic BiFeO3 films." Journal of Applied Physics 105, no. 7 (April 2009): 07D916. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3072823.

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24

Hung, C. M., C. S. Tu, W. D. Yen, L. S. Jou, M. D. Jiang, and V. H. Schmidt. "Photovoltaic phenomena in BiFeO3 multiferroic ceramics." Journal of Applied Physics 111, no. 7 (April 2012): 07D912. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3675984.

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25

Wang, J. "Epitaxial BiFeO3 Multiferroic Thin Film Heterostructures." Science 299, no. 5613 (March 14, 2003): 1719–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.1080615.

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26

Kalinkin, A. N., A. E. Polyakov, and V. M. Skorikov. "Dipole skyrmion vortices in multiferroic BiFeO3." Inorganic Materials 49, no. 3 (February 17, 2013): 315–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s0020168513030060.

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27

Cao, Xian-Sheng, Gao-Feng Ji, and Xing-Fang Jiang. "Anomalous sound velocity in multiferroic BiFeO3." Solid State Communications 245 (November 2016): 55–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ssc.2016.07.022.

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Kalinkin, A. N., and V. M. Skorikov. "Skyrmion lattices in the BiFeO3 multiferroic." Inorganic Materials 47, no. 1 (December 23, 2010): 63–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s0020168511010067.

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29

Lotey, Gurmeet Singh, and N. K. Verma. "Magnetoelectric coupling in multiferroic BiFeO3 nanowires." Chemical Physics Letters 579 (July 2013): 78–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cplett.2013.06.016.

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30

Yang, Yurong, Ingrid C. Infante, Brahim Dkhil, and Laurent Bellaiche. "Strain effects on multiferroic BiFeO3 films." Comptes Rendus Physique 16, no. 2 (March 2015): 193–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.crhy.2015.01.010.

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31

Bartkowska, J. A. "Dynamical Magnetoelectric Coupling in Multiferroic BiFeO3." International Journal of Thermophysics 32, no. 4 (February 4, 2011): 739–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10765-011-0920-3.

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32

Pokatilov, V. S., and A. S. Sigov. "57Fe NMR study of multiferroic BiFeO3." Journal of Experimental and Theoretical Physics 110, no. 3 (March 2010): 440–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s1063776110030076.

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33

Tokunaga, M., M. Azuma, and Y. Shimakawa. "High-field study of multiferroic BiFeO3." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 200, no. 1 (January 1, 2010): 012206. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/200/1/012206.

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34

Wesselinowa, J. M., and I. Apostolova. "Theoretical study of multiferroic BiFeO3 nanoparticles." Journal of Applied Physics 104, no. 8 (October 15, 2008): 084108. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3006003.

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35

Luo, Lirong, Wei Wei, Xueyong Yuan, Kai Shen, Mingxiang Xu, and Qingyu Xu. "Multiferroic properties of Y-doped BiFeO3." Journal of Alloys and Compounds 540 (November 2012): 36–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2012.06.106.

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36

Wang, Xiong, Yin Lin, and Jin Guo Jiang. "Multiferroic Bismuth Ferrite Nanoparticles: Rapid Sintering Synthesis, Characterization, and Optical Properties." Advanced Materials Research 152-153 (October 2010): 81–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.152-153.81.

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The homogeneous multiferroic BiFeO3 nanoparticles with average particle size of 85 nm have been successfully synthesized by a simple sol-gel route. The prepared sample was characterized by a variety of techniques, such as X-ray diffractometry, thermogravimetric analysis and differential thermal analysis, differential scanning calorimeter analysis, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The obtained results shows that rapid sintering and subsequently quenching to room temperature are the two vital important factors for the preparation of pure BiFeO3. The magnetic phase transition (TN = 369 °C) and the ferroelectric phase transition (TC = 824.5 °C) were determined, revealing the antiferromagnetic and ferroelectric nature of the as-prepared BiFeO3 nanoparticles. The optical properties of the nanopowders were investigated. The strong band-gap absorption at 486 nm (2.55 eV) of the BiFeO3 nanoparticles may bring some novel applications.

37

Song, Yan, Ben Xu, and Ce-Wen Nan. "Lattice and spin dynamics in multiferroic BiFeO3 and RMnO3." National Science Review 6, no. 4 (May 2, 2019): 642–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/nsr/nwz055.

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ABSTRACT The multiferroic materials BiFeO3 and RMnO3 exhibit coexisting magnetic order and ferroelectricity, and provide exciting platforms for new physics and potentially novel devices, where intriguing interplay between phonons and magnons exists. In this review, we paint a complete picture of bulk BiFeO3 together with orthorhombic and hexagonal RMnO3 (R includes rare-earth elements and yttrium) by summarizing the dynamics of spin and lattice and their magnetoelectric coupling, as well as the methods of controlling these characteristics under non-equilibrium conditions, from experimental and simulation perspectives.

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Syed, Asad, Ashoka Siddaramanna, Abdallah M. Elgorban, D. A. Hakeem, and G. Nagaraju. "Hydrogen Peroxide-Assisted Hydrothermal Synthesis of BiFeO3 Microspheres and Their Dielectric Behavior." Magnetochemistry 6, no. 3 (September 9, 2020): 42. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/magnetochemistry6030042.

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Despite considerable efforts undertaken in a rapidly developing area of multiferroic research, synthesis of phase pure BiFeO3 is still a matter of intensive research. In this work, we report the shape-controlled synthesis of pure BiFeO3 microspheres via a facile hydrothermal route. The prepared BiFeO3 powder has been characterized using powder X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Differential Thermal analysis (DTA), Scanning Electron microscopy (SEM), and impedance spectroscopy. Powder XRD analysis confirms the formation of pure rhombohedrally distorted perovskite with R3c space group. Scanning electron micrograph revealed that the prepared BiFeO3 microspheres are nearly spherical in shape with uniform size distribution. The BiFeO3 microspheres exhibit a dielectric constant value of ~110 at 1000 KHz, which is higher than the BiFeO3 prepared by conventional solid-state reaction and sol–gel method. Variation of dielectric constant with temperature at different frequencies shows that the BiFeO3 has a dielectric anomaly of ferroelectric to paraelectric type at 1093 K and this phenomenon is well supported by TGA results.

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Priya, A. Sathiya, D. Geetha, J. M. Siqueiros, and Ștefan Ţălu. "Tunable Optical and Multiferroic Properties of Zirconium and Dysprosium Substituted Bismuth Ferrite Thin Films." Molecules 27, no. 21 (November 4, 2022): 7565. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules27217565.

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This work presents optical and multiferroic properties of bismuth ferrite thin films that are affected by zirconium and dysprosium substitution. Non-centrosymmetric BiFeO3,Bi0.95Zr0.05FeO3, and Bi0.95Dy0.05FeO3 thin films were coated on Pt/TiO2/SiO2/Si substrates using the spin coating method. The crystal structure, optical properties, microstructural, ferromagnetic, and ferroelectric properties of doped bismuth ferrite thin films were systematically investigated. From the XRD patterns, all the prepared thin films matched well with the rhombohedral structure with R3c space group with no observed impurity phases. The average crystallite size of the bismuth ferrite thin films were between 35 and 47 nm, and the size depended on the type of dopant. The determined energy band gap values of BiFeO3, Bi0.95Dy0.05FeO3, and Bi0.95Zr0.05FeO3 thin films were 2.32 eV, 2.3 eV, and 2 eV, respectively. Doping of Dy and Zr at the Bi site led to reduced surface roughness. The prepared thin films exhibited enhanced ferromagnetic and ferroelectric properties. The remnant magnetization of Zr-doped BiFeO3 was greater than that of the BiFeO3 and Dy-doped BiFeO3 thin films. From the obtained results, it was concluded that Zr-doped BiFeO3 thin films are suitable for solar cell fabrication.

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Liu, Guoqing, Min Liu, Jin Liu, Shuang Deng, and Anguo Peng. "Mossbauer studies of Zn-substituted BiFeO3 multiferroic." Modern Physics Letters B 35, no. 18 (April 16, 2021): 2150309. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217984921503097.

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This work presents an elaborate study of the effect in the structural and magnetic of [Formula: see text] ([Formula: see text], 0.05, 0.10, 0.15, 0.20, 0.25) multiferroic materials, synthesized via a sol-gel auto-combustion method. The synthesized materials are found to have structural distortion in the rhombohedral R3c structure as observed by X-ray diffraction (XRD). Other diffraction peaks were attributed to the second phase [Formula: see text]. The Mossbauer spectra (MS) of [Formula: see text] ([Formula: see text], 0.05, 0.10, 0.15) are fitted with a sextet and a doublet, and the presence of doublet also indicates the [Formula: see text] phase. The results from XRD and MS both show that Zn-substituted BiFeO3 suffers adverse effects on the formation of pure BiFeO3. [Formula: see text] ([Formula: see text], 0.25) are fitted with only one paramagnetic doublet. The absence of sextet means that there is a magnetic destruction of samples on account of a thorough phase transition from a magnetic phase to a non-magnetic phase and/or successful ion substitution (iron ions were replaced with zinc ions).

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Steffes, James J., Roger A. Ristau, Ramamoorthy Ramesh, and Bryan D. Huey. "Thickness scaling of ferroelectricity in BiFeO3 by tomographic atomic force microscopy." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 116, no. 7 (January 25, 2019): 2413–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1806074116.

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Nanometer-scale 3D imaging of materials properties is critical for understanding equilibrium states in electronic materials, as well as for optimization of device performance and reliability, even though such capabilities remain a substantial experimental challenge. Tomographic atomic force microscopy (TAFM) is presented as a subtractive scanning probe technique for high-resolution, 3D ferroelectric property measurements. Volumetric property resolution below 315 nm3, as well as unit-cell-scale vertical material removal, are demonstrated. Specifically, TAFM is applied to investigate the size dependence of ferroelectricity in the room-temperature multiferroic BiFeO3 across two decades of thickness to below 1 nm. TAFM enables volumetric imaging of ferroelectric domains in BiFeO3 with a significant improvement in spatial resolution compared with existing domain tomography techniques. We additionally employ TAFM for direct, thickness-dependent measurements of the local spontaneous polarization and ferroelectric coercive field in BiFeO3. The thickness-resolved ferroelectric properties strongly correlate with cross-sectional transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Landau–Ginzburg–Devonshire phenomenological theory, and the semiempirical Kay–Dunn scaling law for ferroelectric coercive fields. These results provide an unambiguous determination of a stable and switchable polar state in BiFeO3 to thicknesses below 5 nm. The accuracy and utility of these findings on finite size effects in ferroelectric and multiferroic materials more broadly exemplifies the potential for novel insight into nanoscale 3D property measurements via other variations of TAFM.

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Zhuang, Jian, Jinming Lu, Nan Zhang, Jie Zhang, Alexei A. Bokov, Shuming Yang, Wei Ren, and Zuo-Guang Ye. "Chemically engineered multiferroic morphotropic phase boundary in BiFeO3-based single phase multiferroics." Journal of Applied Physics 125, no. 4 (January 28, 2019): 044102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.5054674.

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Mukherjee, A., S. Basu, L. A. W. Green, N. T. K. Thanh, and M. Pal. "Enhanced multiferroic properties of Y and Mn codoped multiferroic BiFeO3 nanoparticles." Journal of Materials Science 50, no. 4 (December 9, 2014): 1891–900. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10853-014-8752-8.

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Pandu, Ratnakar. "CrFe 2O4 - BiFeO3 Perovskite Multiferroic Nanocomposites – A Review." Material Science Research India 11, no. 2 (December 24, 2014): 128–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.13005/msri/110206.

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Though semiconductor technology has advanced significantly in miniaturization and processor speed the “ideal” nonvolatile memory - memory that retains information even when the power goes is still elusive. There is a large demand for non-volatile memories with the popularity of portable electronic devices like cell phones and note books. Semiconductor memories like SRAMs and DRAMs are available but, such memories are volatile. After the advent of ferroelectricity many materials with crystal structures of Perovskite, pyrochlore and tungsten bronze have been derived and studied for the applications in memory devices. Ferroelectric Random Access Memories (FeRAM) are most promising. They are nonvolatile and have the greater radiation hardness and higher speed. These devices use the switchable spontaneous polarization arising suitable positional bi-stability of constituent ions and store the information in the form of charge. This paper is focused on the synthesis and characterizations of BiFeO3 and xCrFe2O4-(1-x) BiFeO3 nanoceramics which are most promising FeRAM materials. The effect of various-dopant-induced changes in structural, dielectric, ac impedance, ferroelectric hysteresis, mechanism of the dielectric peak broadening and frequency dispersion have been addressed. It also deals with low temperature processing technique of those nanoceramics which has high dielectric and ferroelectric properties. These studies can be further extended to reinforce BiFeO3 and CrFeO4 materials with carbon nanotubes to obtain conductive composites using appropriate techniques.

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Zhang, Xiao Yan, Xi Wei Qi, Jian Quan Qi, and Xuan Wang. "Preparation and Properties of Multiferroic La-Doped BiFeO₃ Thin Film." Advanced Materials Research 486 (March 2012): 417–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.486.417.

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Multiferroic La-doped Bi1-xLaxFeO3 thin films were prepared on conductive indium tin oxide (ITO)/glass substrates through a simple sol-gel process. The crystal structure of La-doped Bi1-xLaxFeO3 thin films annealed at different temperature was determined to be rhombohedral of R3m space and free of secondary phases. The grain size of La-doped BiFeO3 thin films tends to become larger and the grain boundary is gradually ambiguous compared to pure BiFeO3. The double remanent polarization 2Pr of Bi0.9La0.1FeO3 thin film annealed at 500°C is 6.66 µC/cm2, which is slightly improved than that of pure BiFeO3 thin film. With the increase of La-doping levels, the dielectric constant is increased and the dielectric loss is obviously decreased.

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Rajesh, R., S. John Ethilton, K. Ramachandran, N. V. Giridharan, K. Ramesh Kumar, and Samba Siva Vadla. "Studies on multiferroic properties of single phasic Bi0.85Ho0.05Sm0.1FeO3 ceramics." International Journal of Modern Physics B 32, no. 25 (October 8, 2018): 1850277. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217979218502776.

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Single-phase polycrystalline Bi[Formula: see text]Ho[Formula: see text]Sm[Formula: see text]FeO3 ceramic is prepared by conventional solid state route. The co-doping of Sm and Ho (via Bi site) in BiFeO3 controls the formation of secondary phases. The Rietveld refinement analysis shows an increasing trend in tilt angle due to the rotation of FeO6 octohedra with respect to host BiFeO3. The remanent polarization and the magnetization of Bi[Formula: see text]Ho[Formula: see text]Sm[Formula: see text]FeO3 ceramic are found to be significantly improved than BiFeO3 and Bi[Formula: see text]Sm[Formula: see text]FeO3 at room-temperature. Considerable variations in the remanent polarization (0.18 to 0.11 [Formula: see text]C/cm2) on magnetic poling and a dielectric anomaly in the vicinity of the antiferromagnetic transition temperature are due to the intrinsic magnetoelectric coupling effect in Bi[Formula: see text]Ho[Formula: see text]Sm[Formula: see text]FeO3 ceramic. The dielectric permittivity increases with increase in applied magnetic field and the coupling coefficient of Bi[Formula: see text]Ho[Formula: see text]Sm[Formula: see text]FeO3 ceramic is found to be 0.91% at 4 kOe.

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Pokatilov, V. S., A. S. Sigov, and A. O. Konovalova. "NMR and Mössbauer study of multiferroic BiFeO3." Bulletin of the Russian Academy of Sciences: Physics 74, no. 3 (March 2010): 347–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.3103/s1062873810030135.

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Kim, Seok Jun, Seung Ho Han, Ho Gi Kim, A. Young Kim, Jeong Seog Kim, and Chae Il Cheon. "? Multiferroic properties of Ti-doped BiFeO3 ceramics." Journal of the Korean Physical Society 56, no. 1(2) (January 15, 2010): 439–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.3938/jkps.56.439.

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Hatt, Alison. "Rewritable Conductive Channels Observed in Multiferroic BiFeO3." MRS Bulletin 34, no. 4 (April 2009): 229–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/mrs2009.66.

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SHIMA, HIROMI, HIROSHI NAGANUMA, TAKASHI IIJIMA, TAKASHI NAKAJIMA, and SOICHIRO OKAMURA. "THE OPTICAL PROPERTY OF MULTIFERROIC BiFeO3 FILMS." Integrated Ferroelectrics 106, no. 1 (October 14, 2009): 11–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10584580903212763.

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