Journal articles on the topic 'The Model of Moral Motives'
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1
de Posada, Cristina Villegas. "A Motivational Model for Understanding Moral Action and Moral Development." Psychological Reports 74, no. 3 (June 1994): 951–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.1994.74.3.951.
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The neglected topic of moral action and the explanations given for such actions, with their shortcomings, are discussed. To avoid these limitations a new model is offered which integrates personal and situational variables, wherein motivation for moral action is the result of the interaction among moral motives, expectations about costs/benefits, and expectations about outcomes for self-evaluation. The numerical values for these variables are defined and support for this model is given through a reanalysis of Kohlberg's stages and some data from other researchers.
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Nartova-Bochaver, Sofya, and Elena Muhortova. "If People Are Attached to Plants, Do They Love Other People? Case of the Russian Youth." Behavioral Sciences 10, no. 2 (January 22, 2020): 40. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/bs10020040.
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People’s attachment to the plant world makes a great contribution to the maintenance of psychological well-being. At the same time, little is known regarding the contribution of attitudes to plants to people’s morality; the current study is aimed at filling this gap. We assumed that the more positive the attitude to plants is, the higher the level of moral motives is. The survey was conducted on the Russian sample; 257 participants (students from Moscow universities, 199 female, Mage = 21.1, SDage = 2.5) were recruited. The following tools were used: a questionnaire People and Plants (PaP) consisting of five sub-scales (joy, esthetics, practice, closeness to nature, and ecology) and Moral Motives Model scale (MMM scale) including six sub-scales (self-restraint, not harming, social order, self-reliance (industriousness), helping/fairness, and social justice). It was found that all parameters of the positive attitudes to plants, except practice, were strongly positively connected with moral motives. Multi-regression analysis allowed developing certain models demonstrating the contribution of attachment to the plant world to people’s morality. The proscriptive motives (especially self-restraint) are more sensitive to attitudes to flora as compared to prescriptive motives; prescriptive motive self-reliance was not predicted by the attitude to flora at all. Moreover, the findings seem to be gender-sensitive (predictions are higher in females). The obtained results are discussed referring to the reverence for life ethics by Schweitzer, deep ecology by Næss, biophilia hypothesis by Wilson, and psychology of moral expansiveness by Crimston et al.
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Kitsis, Aleksandr M., and Injazz J. Chen. "Do motives matter? Examining the relationships between motives, SSCM practices and TBL performance." Supply Chain Management: An International Journal 25, no. 3 (November 17, 2019): 325–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/scm-05-2019-0218.
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Purpose Drawing on multi-theoretical lenses and a combination of supply chain and business ethics literature, this study aims to investigate the role of motives in driving sustainable supply chain management (SSCM) practices and sustainable performance. Design/methodology/approach Using a sample of 205 supply chain companies in the USA, the authors apply structural equation modeling (SEM) analysis to empirically test the proposed model and seven hypothesized relationships. Findings Results of the study underscore the critical role of moral motives, while highlighting that all three types of motives (instrumental, relational and moral) are robust in driving SSCM practices and achieving improvement in all three dimensions of sustainable performance–economic, environmental and social. Research limitations/implications This research can help supply chain scholars develop a more robust subfield of motivation-based SSCM research to gain a deeper understanding of how motives may differentially predict sustainable supply chain practices and performance. Practical implications The results of this study demonstrate the critical links between moral motivation and the triple bottom line (TBL) performance and suggest that managers pay more attention to moral motives in their decision-making. Originality/value This study bridges gaps in the extant literature by incorporating motivation-based antecedents, expanding the scope of SSCM practices, including the social dimension of sustainability and investigating the mediating effects of SSCM practices on the links between motives and the TBL performance.
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Chen, Yinfei, and Injazz J. Chen. "Mixed sustainability motives, mixed results: the role of compliance and commitment in sustainable supply chain practices." Supply Chain Management: An International Journal 24, no. 5 (August 19, 2019): 622–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/scm-10-2018-0363.
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Purpose As supply chain sustainability has become more urgent than ever before, this study aims to provide a more nuanced understanding of how supplying firms’ sustainability motives influence their compliance and commitment, as well as sustainable performance, as they respond to buyers’ sustainable supplier management programs. Design/methodology/approach To investigate the intriguing links among sustainability motives, compliance/commitment and sustainable performance of supplying firms, this paper draws on multidisciplinary literature and collects empirical data from 281 supplying firms in China to test the proposed model and hypotheses using structural equation modeling. Findings Instrumental and moral motives make comparable contributions to compliance; moral motives exert stronger influence on firms’ commitment to sustainable practices. In addition, although compliance has a greater impact on economic and environmental performance, commitment is far more robust in improving environmental and social performance. Research limitations/implications Unlike most research on motives that has been theoretical, this study represents one of the few empirical analyses of how motives may affect sustainable performance. Examining the challenges from the perspectives of supplying firms, it also adds to the SSCM literature by making clear how compliance and commitment may differentially predict sustainable performance. Practical implications Although instrumental and moral motives can be complementary in advancing sustainable practices, it is imperative for firms to integrate moral considerations into sustainability decision-making and move beyond compliance, if they are to contribute meaningfully to a better society and cleaner environment. Originality/value This is the first large-scale empirical investigation on the links among motives, compliance, commitment and sustainable performance from the perspectives of suppliers.
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Walsh, Adrian J. "Money motives, moral philosophy, and biological explanations." Behavioral and Brain Sciences 29, no. 2 (April 2006): 195–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0140525x06449049.
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Lea & Webley (L&W) provide two alternative biological accounts of human monetary motivations, the Tool Theory and the Drug Theory. They argue that both are required for an adequate explanation. I explore the applicability of these models to philosophical discussions of how we might justify such motivations. I argue their approach is not entirely satisfactory for normative questions, since it precludes the possibility of rational non-instrumental attitudes towards money.
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Fujiwara, Yuki, and Tsutomu Inagaki. "Development of the Japanese Version of Model of Moral Motives (MMM) Scale." Proceedings of the Annual Convention of the Japanese Psychological Association 82 (September 25, 2018): 2EV—012–2EV—012. http://dx.doi.org/10.4992/pacjpa.82.0_2ev-012.
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Ludwig, Bernd. "Kant, Garve, and the Motives of Moral Action." Journal of Moral Philosophy 4, no. 2 (2007): 183–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1740468107079251.
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AbstractKant's comments `against Garve' constitute his reaction to the latter's remarks on Cicero's De Officiis . Two related criticisms of Kant's against Garve are discussed in brief in this paper. A closer look is then taken at Garve's claim that `Kantian morality destroys all incentives that can move human beings to act at all'. I argue that Kant and Garve rely on two different models of human action for their analyses of moral motivation; these models differ in what each takes to be salient for the explanation of human action. I show that Samuel Clarke's analogy of physical explanation in the framework of Newtonianism (in his Discourse concerning the Unchangeable Obligations of Natural Religion ) usefully illuminates the difference between Kant and Garve in these respects.
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Prince, Melvin, Attila N. Yaprak, and Dayananda Palihawadana. "The moral bases of consumer ethnocentrism and consumer cosmopolitanism as purchase dispositions." Journal of Consumer Marketing 36, no. 3 (May 13, 2019): 429–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jcm-11-2017-2432.
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Purpose This paper aims to develop a model that explains the moral bases of consumer ethnocentrism and consumer cosmopolitanism as purchase dispositions. The authors build their work on moral foundations theory and the social theories of Emile Durkheim. Design/methodology/approach Theory-building from general theories of motivation is grounded in cultural norms, and empirical research is conducted to test theoretical propositions. Findings The focus is on the theoretical implications of binding or individualism morals of consumers within social groups. Consequently, variables in the model relate to ethical themes of community, autonomy and divinity. This theory posits that, for a variety of considerations, loyalty has a direct and positive effect on consumer ethnocentrism and on consumer cosmopolitanism. Serendipitously, other moral foundations have negative effects. The authors theorize that negative relationships exist between authority and consumer cosmopolitanism, and between sanctity and consumer ethnocentrism. This model also illustrates that consumer ethnocentrism positively predisposes favorable domestic product judgments. Research limitations/implications New ethical factors in consumer dispositions affecting product purchase decisions are explored. Hypotheses can be empirically replicated and moderated in future research. Practical implications Marketers can use the variables of personal values, moral foundations and gender role identity to fashion marketing communications and to target selective consumer segments. Social implications The persuasion process of social marketing will be enhanced by understanding relevant motives. Originality/value The use of the fine-grained moral foundation antecedents to predict consumer predispositions of ethnocentrism and cosmopolitanism is without precedent.
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Kovalenko, Alla, and Albina Holovina. "SHIFTING SOCIAL PREFERENCES TOWARDS MORAL PREJUDICES IN A PROCESS OF RESOURCE ALLOCATION DECISION MAKING." Bulletin of Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv. Series “Psychology”, no. 1 (11) (2020): 33–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/bsp.2020.1(11).6.
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This paper presents an analysis of the main theories and results of experimental research in the context of the shifting social preferences towards moral prejudices in a process of resource allocation decision making. Researchers of game theory have found that three motives are included in the decision-making process about resource allocation: social preferences, moral prejudices, and self-interest. Personal interests and moral prejudices are strong predictors in the model of predicting people's social orientations. Moral prejudices, being the distortions created by self-interest, can strongly influence people's social preferences, and even change them to the opposite. As a result, an asymmetric relationship is established between personal interest and moral prejudices in the decision-making process about resource allocation. When moral prejudices become an obstacle to achieving a goal, a person unconsciously distorts the information so that it justifies its actions. These distortions can be manifested in the avoidance of information that interferes with personal interests, the selective selection of information, and even recourse to opposing moral principles. In the long run, all this is expressed in the change of a person's social orientation from altruistic to selfish. These changes in people's social preferences are confirmed by the results of numerous experiments not only in social psychology, but also in social neuropsychology and neuroeconomics. The way to overcome these distortions is to have a clear understanding of the limits of personal interests and an understanding of one's own motives in decisions about resource allocation.
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Ivaniuk, Mariana. "Analysis of the initial level of understanding the concept “Christian motive” by primary schoolchildren in Ukraine and the Republic of Poland." Scientific bulletin of South Ukrainian National Pedagogical University named after K. D. Ushynsky 2020, no. 1 (130) (February 7, 2020): 83–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.24195/2617-6688-2020-1-11.
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Changes in our society are caused by modern globalization processes carrying a number of objective and subjective threats that destroy the worldview methodologies of understanding the world by modern youth, as well as affecting the spiritual development of an individual. In fact, all this forces to reconsider the ideological orientations and appeal to spiritual and moral values, which is reflected in school curricula of not only Ukrainian but also World Literature. Introducing works based on Christian motive to school curricula require that the national methodology should find new approaches to the study and analysis of artistic texts. Texts in World Literature, which in Ukrainian schools are mostly studied in translated forms, as well as those in Ukrainian literature, provide the development of aesthetic tastes and preferences of readers, form the culture of interpersonal relationships, promote the cultivation of humanity and tolerance, compassion and mercy all of which constitute main timeless values both for a single individual and people as a whole. This has motivated the need for research and development of educational material in order to facilitate understanding the integrity of a literary text containing Christian images, motives, and a system of universal values. The article presents the method of a diagnostic experiment for determining the initial level of understanding the concept “Christian motive” by primary schoolchildren in Ukraine and Poland. The criteria and indicators of the investigated issue have been defined. The research methods used are: surveying teachers and students, ascertaining tests, recitation, conversation, observation and analysis of World Literature lessons in 5th -7th forms of I-III grade secondary schools in Ivano-Frankivsk, Lviv regions and Literature lessons in 1st - 3rd forms of secondary schools in Masovian and Subcarpathian Voivodeships in the Republic of Poland. The practical significance of the findings is to develop methodological approaches to the study of Christian motives at the lessons of World Literature and their understanding by students. We see further research perspectives in the development of an experimental model for understanding the concept “Christian motive” by students of 5th-7th forms in Ukrainian secondary schools, using Polish Literature teachers’ experience as an auxiliary factor: formation of students’ moral values through the use of artistic texts in general and Christian motives/images in particular.
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von Behren, Sascha, Lisa Bönisch, Ulrich Niklas, and Bastian Chlond. "Revealing Motives for Car Use in Modern Cities—A Case Study from Berlin and San Francisco." Sustainability 12, no. 13 (June 29, 2020): 5254. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12135254.
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Car use in modern cities with a well-developed public transit is more sophisticated to explain only through hard factors such as sociodemographic characteristics. In cities, it is especially important to consider motives for car use. Therefore, we examined two modern cities with a high modal share of non-motorized modes and public transit to answer the question: How do the affective and instrumental motives influence car use in such cities? The used data set was collected in Berlin and San Francisco. To investigate the role of motives, we applied an ordered hybrid choice model (OHCM) with a probit kernel. Based on the OHCM we explained more than 14% of the overall heterogeneity and gave further insights to the decision-making process. The affective motive had a strong influence on car use frequency, whereby the instrumental aspects did not matter. Furthermore, an effect resulting from age could not be determined for the affective motives in these cities. Results suggest people are more likely to use cars for affective motives despite the city’s adversities. For these people it is difficult to achieve a shift to alternative means of transport. The only way to intervene here is through regulatory intervention.
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Izzo, Maria Federica, and Mirella Ciaburri. "Why do they do that? Motives and dimensions of family firms’ CSR engagement." Social Responsibility Journal 14, no. 3 (August 6, 2018): 633–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/srj-08-2017-0148.
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Purpose This paper aims to explore the role of socioemotional wealth (SEW) in family firms’ (FFs) corporate social responsibility (CSR) engagement and practices. The authors draw on the notion of “Socioemotional endowment” (Gomez-Mejia et al., 2010), to interpret how the different dimensions of the FIBER model impact on the instrumental, moral or relational motives that push companies toward CSR. Design/methodology/approach The authors develop an integrated framework that analyzes motives of CSR practices (distinguishing between moral, instrumental and relational ones) and dimensions of FF’ SEW. The idea is that it is not possible to analyze the CSR attitude of FFs without distinguishing among the five dimensions of SEW (family control and influence; identification of family members with the firm; binding social ties; emotional attachment; and renewal of family bonds to the firm through dynastic succession). Findings The authors posit that FFs are particularly likely to engage in instrumental, moral or relational CSR practices depending on the FIBER dimension that they consider as primary reference point to achieve the goal of preserving SEW. In particular, out of the five FIBER dimensions, relational and instrumental motives appear to be more present in firms’ priority, when they deal with CSR activities. Originality/value Most of the literature on CSR and FFs concentrates on the differences between family and non-family firms (non-FFs) in approaching social responsible practices. Instead of debating whether FFs are more or less socially responsible than non-family organizations, the authors add to this literature by arguing that it is much more relevant to analyze which approach family firms (as an heterogeneous group) are more likely to adopt in relation to CSR. In so doing, they contribute to FFs studies on sustainability, by demonstrating that CSR engagement can be differently influenced and interpreted through the five dimensions of the FIBER model.
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Morozov, A. Y. "MORAL AND RELIGIOUS MOTIVES IN THE WORKS OF J.R.R. TOLKIEN: CULTURAL CONTEXT." UKRAINIAN CULTURAL STUDIES, no. 1 (2017): 60–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/ucs.2017.1.13.
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The main moral and religious themes of J. Tolkien`s novels “The Lord of rings” and “The Silmarillion” are observed in the article. It is analyzed that Tolkien followed Christian tradition, sharing st. Augustine`s conception of evil as the absence of good. It is clarified Tolkien`s anti-Nietzschean position where evil is equal to the will to power, while the good is associated with humility and serving. It is shown an author`s interpretation of Socratic classic inquiry: would people live virtuous life if they achieve omnipotence and why moral life is preferable than immoral one. According to Tolkien, human moral obligations are closely connected with the awareness of freedom and mortality which are regarded as a giftto a man, enabling to escape from senseless “badinfinity” (Hegel) of material determinant existence. In its turn, a notion of “gift” refersto metaphysical model of world that assumes divine being and his providential intervention in the course of earthly history. One of this divine providence`s manifestation is so called “eucatastrophe”, unexpected salvation from tragedy, therapeutic consolation that returns to a man the feeling of meaningfulness and joy of being. It is suggested thatsalvation can be interpreted in romantic way as coincidence point of trajectories of art and nature, where fairy tale embodies in life, and life starts to be built according to the laws of fairy tale.
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Strupp-Levitsky, Michael, Sharareh Noorbaloochi, Andrew Shipley, and John T. Jost. "Moral “foundations” as the product of motivated social cognition: Empathy and other psychological underpinnings of ideological divergence in “individualizing” and “binding” concerns." PLOS ONE 15, no. 11 (November 10, 2020): e0241144. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0241144.
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According to moral foundations theory, there are five distinct sources of moral intuition on which political liberals and conservatives differ. The present research program seeks to contextualize this taxonomy within the broader research literature on political ideology as motivated social cognition, including the observation that conservative judgments often serve system-justifying functions. In two studies, a combination of regression and path modeling techniques were used to explore the motivational underpinnings of ideological differences in moral intuitions. Consistent with our integrative model, the “binding” foundations (in-group loyalty, respect for authority, and purity) were associated with epistemic and existential needs to reduce uncertainty and threat and system justification tendencies, whereas the so-called “individualizing” foundations (fairness and avoidance of harm) were generally unrelated to epistemic and existential motives and were instead linked to empathic motivation. Taken as a whole, these results are consistent with the position taken by Hatemi, Crabtree, and Smith that moral “foundations” are themselves the product of motivated social cognition.
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Curtis, Mary B., Jeremy M. Vinson, Teresa L. Conover, Lorenzo Lucianetti, and Valentina Battista. "National Culture and Ethical Judgment: A Social Contract Approach to the Contrast of Ethical Decision Making by Accounting Professionals and Students from the U.S. and Italy." Journal of International Accounting Research 16, no. 2 (June 1, 2017): 103–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.2308/jiar-51824.
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ABSTRACT Globalization defines the business world today, yet globalization also leads to many types of misunderstandings regarding ethics, motives, and trust. We apply the theory of social contracts for the purpose of aiding the understanding of moral diversity arising from globalization. Specifically, we seek to better understand how country of origin, and role within country, lead to community “microsocial” norms that inform social contract ethical judgments. A total of 695 managerial accounting professionals and accounting students from Italy and the U.S. completed the survey. Employing a moderated mediation model, we find that country of origin is significantly related to intended behaviors in two business situations, and this relationship is mediated by social contract ethical judgment. Further, the impact of national culture on social contract ethical judgment is moderated by role (professional versus student). Multiple mediation analysis supports our contention that contractual evaluations precede moral equity assessments and that both contractual and moral equity ethical judgments affect ethical intentions.
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Chien, Jui-Pi. "Spectatorship as a play on moral ambiguities: Neuro-evolutionary semiotic approach to lowly arousal emotions." Semiotica 2017, no. 215 (March 1, 2017): 325–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/sem-2016-0071.
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AbstractThis study seeks to outline a neuro-evolutionary semiotic model for our perception and interpretation of moral ambiguities in the wake of neuroaesthetics. This model is actually an integration of the Saussurean network of differences and the recently discovered default mode network: it serves on the one hand to rectify automatic responses generated by the mirror system in real-life situations, and on the other, to expand the applicability of the sign system for our appreciation of eerie or scary details found in the arts. Such a framework functions not only to blur binary oppositions set between high and lowly arousal emotions, but also to enhance our skills and confidence in dealing with uncertainties and oddities found in the arts. As opposed to experimental schemes devised in neuroaesthetics, which quantify our instant ratings of specific audial and visual inputs, the neuro-evolutionary model allows us some freedom and flexibility to re-evaluate our perceptions of motives concealed in characters’ behaviors. This study therefore enlarges on a qualitative approach to conceptualizing spectatorship in the world of art. We as intelligent and self-governing spectators should manage to align with odd characters’ positions so as to regain meaning, understanding, and harmony from our dealings. By way of comparing and contrasting two film characters’ dealings with valuable paintings and endearing families, the author argues for the fruitful functioning of the neuro-evolutionary sign system in revising our biases against seemingly immoral characters. It is observed that the sign system is characterized with the capacity of multiplying meaningful connections between characters’ motives, choices, and actions. It enables us to sort out and to appreciate strings of actions that enlarge on characters’ persistence and consistence of achieving certain goals. All in all, our choice of engaging with the daunting and the disconcerting fosters not only our pleasure and intelligence of viewing, but also the survival of odd characters in our community.
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Finn, Seth. "Television “Addiction?” An Evaluation of Four Competing Media-Use Models." Journalism Quarterly 69, no. 2 (June 1992): 422–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/107769909206900216.
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Employing a uses and gratifications paradigm, four individual differences — sensation seeking, religiosity, hostility and family cohesion — were examined simultaneously as correlates of drug use and television viewing and used to test four corresponding models of addiction: medical/disease, moral, compensatory and enlightenment. Not only were alcohol and marijuana use inversely correlated with time spent and motives for watching television, but sensation seeking, which was positively correlated with drug use was negatively correlated with television viewing. Conversely, religiosity was positively correlated with television viewing and negatively with drug use. With these results, the author concluded that the medical/disease model of television addiction lacked empirical support, and other models emphasizing personal control and responsibility appeared more appropriate for developing strategies to regulate excessive or compulsive television viewing.
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Bao, Jiayi, and Benjamin Ho. "Heterogeneous Effects of Informational Nudges on Pro-social Behavior." B.E. Journal of Economic Analysis & Policy 15, no. 4 (October 1, 2015): 1619–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/bejeap-2014-0125.
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Abstract Numerous experimental studies of informational nudges both in the lab and the field have demonstrated not just that informational nudges are effective policy tools for influencing behavior, but also that nudges have heterogeneous impacts that differ depending on the characteristics of the person involved and the situation. We adapt Andreoni’s theory of warm-glow impure altruism to account for how altruism motives respond differently depending on the disposition of the person and the situation. The model explains both positive spillovers (moral cleansing) and negative spillovers (moral licensing) for behavioral interventions, showing that targeting of informational campaigns depends on the complementarity between people’s traits and the intervention’s content. More importantly, the design of economic incentives (like Pigouvian taxes) to shift economic behavior should depend on both the distribution of social preferences in the population and the use of behavioral interventions.
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Bochaver, K. A., А. Danilov, S. K. Nartova-Bochaver, A. Kvitchasty, O. Gavrilova, and N. Zyazina. "Future of Salutogenic Approach to Prevention of Burnout Syndrome in Russian Physicians." Клиническая и специальная психология 8, no. 1 (2019): 58–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.17759/cpse.2019080104.
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Since the onset of the first studies of burnout syndrome in various contingents and professions, as a rule, negative clinical predictors and consequences of this syndrome have been in focus: stress, anxiety, depression, aggressiveness, suicidal behavior. Nevertheless, overcoming the burnout syndrome often occurs not by means of special interventions, but in a spontaneous, natural way. The study shows the character of association of personal authenticity, moral motives, age, experience and some other characteristics in a sample of Russian doctors (N=700) with burnout. The model of salutogenic approach to prophylaxy and prevention of burnout syndrome in modern psychology and medicine substantiated.
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Tian, Guoqiang, Yupu Zhao, and Rukai Gong. "Market-oriented interest rate, deposit insurance system and bank runs." China Political Economy 2, no. 1 (July 24, 2019): 53–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/cpe-04-2019-0004.
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Purpose In the transitional process of promoting market-oriented interest rate, China is confronted with an important theoretical and practical issue: how to avoid bank runs and realize the smooth operation of the financial system. The purpose of this paper is to construct a bank-run dynamic model by taking into account a market environment with the transmission of multiple rounds of noise information, a comprehensive consideration of depositors’ expectation of return on assets (or earning rate/yields of assets), the efficiency of information processing and dissemination, and the different motives for premature withdrawal. Design/methodology/approach The authors discussed the dynamic process of bank runs, furnished the ratio and number of each round of bank run, and characterized the corresponding dynamic equilibrium as well. Furthermore, the authors expanded the benchmark model by incorporating the deposit insurance system (DIS) to discuss the action mechanism of DIS overruns. Findings The results show that DIS implementation has two opposite effects: stabilized expectation and moral hazard, by virtue of its influence over the two types of premature withdrawal motives of depositors; the implementation effect of DIS rests with the dual-effect comparison, which is endogenous to the institutional environment. Originality/value The policy implications are as follows: while implementing DIS, it is necessary to establish and improve the corresponding institutional construction and supporting measures, to consolidate market discipline and improve the supervisory role of the bank’s internal governance mechanism, so as to reduce the potential moral hazards. The financial system reform shall be furthered and the processing and dissemination efficiency of information be elevated to prompt depositors to form stable withdrawal expectations, thereby enhancing the stabilizing effect of DIS.
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Perren, Rebeca, Kristin Stewart, and Cinthia B. Satornino. "Puritan peers or egoistic entrepreneurs? Moral decay in lateral exchange markets." Journal of Consumer Marketing 36, no. 3 (May 13, 2019): 366–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jcm-03-2018-2625.
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Purpose The purpose of this study is to examine the impact of LEM participation on moral identity. Lateral exchange markets (LEMs) enable ordinary people to monetize idle personal resources such as cars, homes, gadgets and skills. Despite its champions portraying actors in these exchange as moral citizens of society, recent findings suggest that egoistic motives drive participation. A salient moral identity motivates behaviors that show social sensitivity to others and enable cooperative actions. Given that platform-providing firms rely on users’ cooperative behaviors to facilitate lateral exchange, understanding factors that affect moral identity can have important implications for the success of such business models. Design/methodology/approach In this research, the authors move away from the ideological discourse behind actors’ motivations, to provide a pragmatic explanation of how participation erodes moral identity. The authors apply a social cognitive framework to examine how the environment in LEMs impacts behaviors and personal factors in a recursive fashion. Findings Across two studies, findings reveal that prolonged participation in lateral exchange diminishes the centrality of moral identity to the working self-concept. Moreover, the results show that keeping puritan peers moral has positive business outcomes. This research also discerns a boundary condition that determines when peers remain consistent with their moral compasses. Specifically, when engagement is perceived as effortful, the behavior becomes an informative input in the inference of one’s moral disposition reinforcing moral identity. Originality/value Marketers can use this research to design business models in ways that mitigate the decay of moral identity.
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De Senna, Marta. "“BUT THEN, WHAT WOULD CRITICISM BE?” BALZAC READS STENDHAL, MACHADO READS EÇA." Revista de Estudos Literários 6 (December 27, 2017): 135–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.14195/2183-847x_6_6.
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In 1840, Balzac wrote an article about Stendhal’s La Chartreuse de Parme. Though praising the book’s qualities, in the final paragraphs Balzac is very critical of the book, in a way that leads us to infer that what he criticizes in La Chartreuse de Parme is that it is not the novel he would have written himself. In 1878, Machado de Assis wrote two articles about O primo Basílio, then recently published by Eça de Queirós. Identifying affinities between Eça and Balzac and between Machado and Stendhal, this paper claims that the Brazilian criticism of the Portuguese novel is based on these affinities. In other words, Machado’s condemnation of Eça’s submissiveness to Realism/Naturalism originates in his own need to create characters as “moral persons”, whose actions are triggered by their innermost motives. Among such motives stands out the prevalence of the will over the intellect, of personal interest over the influence of circumstances, which is more akin to the heroes of Stendhal than to Balzac’s characters, a model Eça admittedly tried to emulate in the beginning of his career as a novelist.
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Carfora, Valentina, Giulia Buscicchio, and Patrizia Catellani. "Integrating Personal and Pro-Environmental Motives to Explain Italian Women’s Purchase of Sustainable Clothing." Sustainability 13, no. 19 (September 29, 2021): 10841. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su131910841.
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Despite increased knowledge of the impact of clothing production on the environment, the general public still has a low intention to purchase sustainable clothing. The present study analyzed the psychosocial predictors of Italian women’s intention to purchase sustainable clothing, proposing an integration of the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) and the Value-Belief-Norm (VBN) approaches. Participants (N = 286) filled in a self-report online questionnaire, measuring Italian women’s intention to purchase sustainable clothing, as well as TPB variables, such as subjective norm, attitude, and perceived behavioral control, and VBN variables, such as egoistic and biospheric values, awareness of consequences, and personal norm. Results of structural equation modeling showed that the TPB + VBN integrated model predicted women’s intention to purchase sustainable clothing. Personal norm and attitude were the strongest predictors of intention. Mediation analyses showed the indirect impact of the VBN chain (from values to moral norm) on intention. Discussion focusses on the psychosocial dimensions that public policy, non-governmental organizations, and clothing companies should consider when promoting the purchase of sustainable clothing.
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SHEVCHENKO, NATALYA N., VLADIMIR I. KOLESOV, and ANNA N. SMOLONSKAIA. "THE ACMEOLOGICAL APPROACH TO THE PROFESSIONAL TRAINING OF A FUTURE TEACHER." Cherepovets State University Bulletin 6, no. 99 (2020): 206–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.23859/1994-0637-2020-6-99-18.
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Thearticleexaminesthe conceptualfoundationsoftheacmeologicalapproachasamethodologicalbasisfor modelingand implementing professional training of teachers in the educational process of higher education. In the context of the problem concerning improvement in the quality of education, the acmeological model of teacher training is considered; the factors and pedagogical conditions for the effectiveness of this process are highlighted. The article reveals the essence of the teacher's acmeological position in the systemic integration of his professional, personal, spiritual and moral formation; highlights the main indicators of the specialist’s acmeological position as an integral component of his professional competence; presents the results of the study to identify students' values within the teaching profession, priority motives in their professional development, motivation to carry out teaching activities in the structure of the professional acmeological position.
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Chen, Injazz J., and Aleksandr M. Kitsis. "A research framework of sustainable supply chain management." International Journal of Logistics Management 28, no. 4 (November 13, 2017): 1454–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijlm-11-2016-0265.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to develop a framework and propositions to advance research and practice in sustainable supply chain management (SSCM). Performance indicators (economic, environmental, and social) identified in the paper aim to facilitate empirical testing of a range of theoretical models derived or extended from the stated propositions. Design/methodology/approach The study of SSCM is truly complicated, and there is no one theory that applies in all instances. The authors analyzed over 200 critical articles published in major supply chain management and sustainability-based journals and grounded the proposed framework in a multi-theoretical perspective. Findings SSCM implementation entails linking stakeholder pressures, moral motives, and management commitment with relational practices. The paper further elucidates how relational practices, when bundled together, can create a set of relational capabilities, which in turn transform stakeholder pressures into sustainable outcomes. Research limitations/implications The research framework contributes to SSCM theory building insofar as it can be expanded into various theoretical models, allowing researchers to empirically test the links among SSCM drivers, management commitment, and relational capabilities, along with their individual or collective impact on supply chain performance. Practical implications The framework provides a roadmap for firms to develop and nurture relational capabilities while dealing with growing stakeholder pressures. Moral motives strengthen top management commitment, which helps channel stakeholder pressures toward the proactive development of relational capabilities. Originality/value The paper fulfills a call for utilizing multiple theoretical lenses to examine complex SSCM phenomena and, ultimately, to create a coherent theory of SSCM.
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Novitska, Oksana. "Genre and stylistic modifications of realistic essay of Anton Krushelnytsky." Vìsnik Marìupolʹsʹkogo deržavnogo unìversitetu. Serìâ: Fìlologìâ 12, no. 21 (2019): 57–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.34079/2226-3055-2019-12-21-57-62.
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The article deals with genre-style modifications of the realistic essay of the 19th-20th centuries. In the article the author studies Anton Krushelnytsky’s artistic legacy (1878–1937) in the context of the dominant trends of Ukrainian literature at the end of XIX – the beginning of XX century and through the receptive dimensions of modern theory of literature. The paper defines the ideological and axiological background of the writer’s artistic understanding the reality and aesthetic nature of his creativity. The unity of the form and contest of prose texts is determined. The prose of the given period has a great variety of intra-genre modifications: essay, feuilleton, short story, story, novel. The works demonstrate exceptional multidimensionality of their inner structure, style diffusion, eclecticism of belles lettres methods and ways to achieve reality; the motives of «true morals» appear, which form counterbalance and alternative to moral chaos. Syncretic interaction of aesthetic paradigms of neorealism with impressionism, expressionism, symbolism is observed in prose. The characteristic features of the literature of the transitional stage in the moral-ethical, psychological and emotional aspects are revealed. Ukrainian literature of the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries was accompanied by the synthesis of sociological, psychological, aesthetic systems. The genre and style features and modifications of A. Krushelnytsky’s small form of prose are considered. The narrative models of the writer’s novels are analysed. Consequently, the essay as a genre of small prose is a complex and multifaceted phenomenon that contains philosophical and aesthetic representations, artistic, socio-political, and moral-ethical quest for the breakthrough of the turn of the 19th and 20th centuries. The artistic practice of writers contributed to enriching of Ukrainian writing with new themes, images and genre forms, expanding the limits of traditional realism, so, updating the artistic and stylistic palette. The given motives of writers’ works reflected to the inside feelings and experiences of heroes are present as intertextual inclusions in prose of M. Kotsubinskiy, V. Stefanik, P. Mirniy, L. Ukrainka, O. Kobilianska and other writers at the turn of XIX-XX centuries. Being an organic component of Ukrainian literature, the narrative represents a tendency to expand the social sphere of personality images, to deepen the personal psychological characteristics of the individual. The place and role of prose creative works in Ukrainian literary process at the turn of the century are grounded.
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Marques, Joan. "The changed paradigm of business progress: a moral step forward for humanity." On the Horizon 26, no. 3 (September 10, 2018): 181–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/oth-02-2017-0009.
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Purpose Through an overview of the perceptional evolution of progress over the past two centuries, this paper aims to review a changed, yet constructive paradigm that has emerged in business leadership. Design/methodology/approach The paper is a general review-based deliberation presenting standards of the twentieth century, the need for a shift in paradigms and the shift as it unfolds in the twenty-first century. Findings Focusing on optimal stakeholder inclusion, yet not disregarding the concept of progress in a competitive environment, this paper presents a set of interrelated leadership skills and characteristics, including a discussion about their applicability and ways to develop them. Research limitations/implications While globally applicable, the views in this paper are primarily based on the American performance environment. Practical implications Management practices would not have evolved to today’s level if we did not have the past experiences to learn from. The deliberations and insights shared in this article should be seen as a way of evaluating the path that led us to our current, multi-tiered leadership paradigm. Social implications The model presented in this article should be seen as a useful, yet incomplete set of skills and characteristics to be considered by today’s and future leaders to ensure greater stakeholder inclusion. Originality/value Within the framework of focusing on the management horizon, this paper places the driving motives of two centuries that influenced our current society alongside each other and contemplates on the necessary shifts needed to move forward.
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Pratiwi, Margaretha Maria Shinta, Subandi Subandi, and Maria Goretti Adiyanti. "Faktor Eksternal dari Orangtua atau Faktor Internal Diri Sendiri yang Memprediksi Emosi Moral Remaja?" Intuisi : Jurnal Psikologi Ilmiah 12, no. 1 (May 10, 2020): 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.15294/intuisi.v12i1.24080.
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Emosi moral memegang peran penting yang berfungsi sebagai motif munculnya kecenderungan tindakan moral dan mengantisipasi pelanggaran moral remaja, dan mampu memikirkan kesejahteraan orang lain. Namun, belum ada penelitian yang mengkaji model yang memprediksi emosi moral remaja. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini bertujuan: 1) Menguji model prediktif sosialisasi emosi orang tua yang dipersepsi oleh remaja dan perspective-taking terhadap emosi moral remaja; 2) Menguji peran perspective- taking mediator terhadap emosi moral remaja. Metode penelitian ini adalah metode kuantitatif. Pemilihan partisipan menggunakan teknik multistage sampling, partisipan berjumlah 936 remaja usia 12-18 tahun di Semarang yang diambil menggunakan Teknik analisis data menggunakan SEM PLS (Partial Least Square ). Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan: 1) Model prediktif sosialisasi emosi orang tua yang dipersepsi oleh remaja dan perspective-taking terhadap emosi moral remaja mampu membuktikan kesesuaian teoretis dan teruji berdasarkan data empiris. Berdasarkan pengujian model struktural, diperoleh data bahwa: a)Terdapat pengaruh signifikan sosialisasi emosi orangtua yang dipersepsi oleh remaja terhadap perspective-taking ( =0,353,T-Stat >1,96); b) Terdapat pengaruh signifikan perspective- taking terhadap emosi moral( =0,188,T-Stat>1,96);c)Terdapatpengaruhsosialisasiemosiorangtuayangdipersepsiolehremaja emosi moral( =0,132,T-Stat >1,96); 2) Peran perspective-taking terbukti sebagai variabel mediator. Berdasarkan analisis data, maka dapat disimpulkan bahwa sosialisasi emosi orangtua yang dipersepsi oleh remaja dapat memengaruhi emosi moral secara langsung maupun secara tidak langsung melalui perspective-taking. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini dapat memberikan manfaat bagi perkembangan teori terkait moral serta memberikan informasi pada masyarakat secara luas, remaja dan orangtua secara khusus berkaitan dengan faktor yang dapat memengaruhi perkembangan emosi moral dan fungsi dari emosi moral. Moral emotions hold an important role that functions as a motive for the emergence of moral acts and anticipates the moral violations of adolescents, and be able to think about the interests and welfare of other people. However, there has no studies that examine models that predict moral emotions in adolescents. Therefore, this study aims to: 1) Test the predictive model of parental emotions socialization perceived by adolescents and perspective-taking on adolescent moral emotions; 2) Test the role of perspective-taking as mediators mediator between parental emotion socialization and adolescent moral emotion. The research method used is quantitative. Partisipant selection was conducted through multi-stage sampling, 936 teenagers aged 12-18 years in Semarang. The statistical data analysis used is SEM PLS (Partial Least Square). The research results indicate: 1) The predictive model of parental emotions socialization perceived by adolescents and perspective-taking on adolescent moral emotions can prove theoretical and tested suitability based on empirical data. Based on structural testing of the model, the data obtained that: a) There was a significant influence on parental socialization perceived by adolescents on perspective-taking(γ = 0.353, T-Stat> 1.96); b) There was a significant influence of perspective-taking on moral emotions (β = 0.188, T-Stat> 1.96); c) There was an influence of parental socialization of emotions perceived by adolescents moral emotions (γ = 0.132, T-Stat> 1.96) s; 2) The role of perspective-taking is proven as a mediator variable. Based on data analysis, it can be concluded that the parental emotions socialization perceived by adolescents can influence moral emotions directly or indirectly through perspective-taking. Therefore, this study can provide benefits for the development of moral theory, and provide information to the wider community, adolescents and parents specifically related to factors that can influence the development of moral emotions and the function of moral emotions.
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Saroglou, Vassilis. "Believing, Bonding, Behaving, and Belonging." Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology 42, no. 8 (September 2, 2011): 1320–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022022111412267.
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When approaching religion from a cross-cultural psychological perspective, one faces questions regarding the universals and the specifics of religions across cultural contexts. On the basis of previous theorization and research, the author proposes a model that posits four basic dimensions of religion and individual religiosity that are partially distinct although interconnected: believing, bonding, behaving, and belonging. These dimensions are presumably universally present across religions and cultural contexts and delimitate religion from other similar constructs. They reflect distinct psychological processes (cognitive, emotional, moral, and social), respective goals, conversion motives, types of self-transcendence, and mechanisms explaining the religion-health links. However, across cultural and religious groups, these dimensions may differ in content, salience, and ways in which they are interconnected or emphasized, leading to various forms of religiosity, including functional and dysfunctional ones. Within each dimension, there is additional universality (in structure) and cultural variability (in salience) regarding the way religious cognitions, emotions, morality, and identity are processed. This Big Four religious dimensions model may be a powerful tool for studying universals and cultural specifics of the psychological dimensions of religion.
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Onel, Naz, and Avinandan Mukherjee. "Understanding environmentally sensitive consumer behaviour: an integrative research perspective." World Journal of Entrepreneurship, Management and Sustainable Development 11, no. 1 (March 9, 2015): 2–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/wjemsd-07-2014-0021.
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Purpose – The potential underlying causal factors of environmental behaviours have been examined from various theoretical angles by mostly focusing on individual motivations in the literature. The purpose of this paper is to develop a conceptual model based on an integrative approach to better understand eco-sensitive consumer behaviours and their predictors. Design/methodology/approach – The paper reviews distinct theoretical approaches and, based on the integrative perspective, develops a model using the framework of the goal framing theory (GFT). Findings – On the basis of the GFT, the authors propose that 12 variables influence the pro-environmental behaviours of consumers: biospheric values, egoistic values, altruistic values, environmental concern, awareness of consequences, ascription of responsibility, subjective norms, attitudes towards behaviour, perceived behavioural control, personal norms, affect, and behavioural intention. Furthermore, the authors categorize environmental behaviours based on three different stages of the consumption process of consumers: purchase, usage, and post-use. Originality/value – The proposed model will offer future studies a holistic understanding of the factors that predict environmentally sensitive behaviours of consumers and the extent to which such behaviours depend on moral considerations, feelings, or self-interest motives.
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Boldyreva, Elena M. "Russian prison camp prose and сhinese literature of the «high walls»: one day of a prisoner in the novels by A. Solzhenitsyn and Tsun Weisi." Verhnevolzhski Philological Bulletin 3, no. 26 (2021): 37–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.20323/2499-9679-2021-3-26-37-49.
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The article examines the system of creative roll calls of Alexander Solzhenitsyn and the сhinese writer Tsun Weisi, called by critics «Chinese Solzhenitsyn». The work of the writers is analyzed in the context of typologically similar trends in the russian and chinese literary process – russian prison camp prose and chinese literature of «wounds and scars» and «high walls literature», the fate of both writers is seen as an example of the complex confrontation between the individual and the totalitarian system. Comparing the works of Tsun Weisi and A. Solzhenitsyn the author reveals many motifs that are significant for the artistic world of the writers: rigid time localization and expansion of the time frame due to the introduction of heroes' memories into the narrative, description of the isolated world of the prison, the motive of physical and moral exhaustion, description of hard work and harsh realities of the surrounding nature, the motive of adversities and absurdity of the political system, motives of denunciation, betrayal and provocation. Along with this, the article considers significant differences in the reproduction of the main constants of prison camp discourse in Tsun Weisi and A. Solzhenitsyn’s works: relations among prisoners and between the authorities and prisoners, the ideological component of Tsun Weisi’s prison discourse, when the camp becomes a micro-model of the political system in the country, ideological and political priorities, determining the reduction of the object world and the poster character of the chinese writer, a high stone wall as a symbol of the Great Wall of China, impassable prison walls and the a priori doomed attempts to combat absurdity and injustice in an ever-changing brutal political reality.
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Pickett, Justin, and Justin Nix. "Demeanor and police culture." Policing: An International Journal 42, no. 4 (August 12, 2019): 537–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/pijpsm-09-2018-0133.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to revisit classic theoretical arguments regarding the broad effects of civilian demeanor on policing and extend associated findings. Design/methodology/approach The theoretical framework draws on insights from the literatures on police culture, the group engagement model and fairness heuristic theory. The authors argue that demeanor is best conceptualized as the degree of procedural justice exhibited by civilians toward police. Theoretically, procedurally just cooperation should influence officers’ adherence to police culture by affecting their social identification and assessments of civilians’ motives and moral deservingness. To test the hypotheses, the authors surveyed sworn officers from a large metropolitan police department in the southeastern USA in the Fall of 2016. Findings Results reveal that officers use their procedural justice judgments as heuristics to assess civilians’ trustworthiness, dangerousness, and moral deservingness, and these judgments influence their policing style. Officers who perceive greater procedurally just cooperation by civilians feel less threatened by the public, are more willing to use procedural justice themselves, and are less supportive of a “tough cop” policing style. Originality/value The authors propose that: civilian demeanor is best conceptualized as the extent to which civilians exhibit procedural fairness toward the police; and in order for meaningful police reform to occur, it is important to acknowledge the role of civilian demeanor in shaping officers’ attitudes, beliefs and behaviors.
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Hoopes, James. "The Business Family as the Business Model of Our Time." International Journal of Family Business Practices 1, no. 1 (June 30, 2018): 60. http://dx.doi.org/10.33021/ijfbp.v1i1.646.
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<p>The information technology has reduced the cost of business transactions large managerial corporations are giving way to small family business firms. It is good change because family businesses could not only aim to sustain the family economically but also could aim nurturing children. The role of ethics in family business is has not been studied systematically. This paper has argued that family firms are more socially responsible that non-family firms because family firms are breeding ground for core family values. This paper also argues that business literature should lay emphasis on virtues and character based business in place of value and culture based business. To manage for organizational virtue and character is to treat ethics as an end in itself. To manage by values and characters is to treat ethics as means for some ulterior motive. If employees are told that they should be honest because it pays then profit may trump in case of a conflict. The combination of family virtues and business can make the family busines as moral model or moral leadership for all types of business in this era of high demands for accountability.</p>
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Hoopes, James. "The Business Family as the Business Model of Our Time." International Journal of Family Business Practices 1, no. 1 (June 30, 2018): 60. http://dx.doi.org/10.33021/ijfbp.v1i1.667.
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<p>The information technology has reduced the cost of business transactions large managerial corporations are giving way to small family business firms. It is good change because family businesses could not only aim to sustain the family economically but also could aim nurturing children. The role of ethics in family business is has not been studied systematically. This paper has argued that family firms are more socially responsible that non-family firms because family firms are breeding ground for core family values. This paper also argues that business literature should lay emphasis on virtues and character based business in place of value and culture based business. To manage for organizational virtue and character is to treat ethics as an end in itself. To manage by values and characters is to treat ethics as means for some ulterior motive. If employees are told that they should be honest because it pays then profit may trump in case of a conflict. The combination of family virtues and business can make the family busines as moral model or moral leadership for all types of business in this era of high demands for accountability.</p>
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Kalashnikova, Nina. "Promotion of Socially Responsible Behavior Patterns as an Element of Social Responsibility Institutionalization." Logos et Praxis, no. 3 (December 2019): 62–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.15688/lp.jvolsu.2019.3.7.
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The study of moral and ethical grounds for socially responsible behavior of representatives of business community and NGOs in Volgograd showed that the predominant importance in the implementation of socially responsible activities for the designated category of citizens have ethically colored individual motives. However, due to these motives, informal initiative cannot completely replace the institutionally organized (systemic) forms of social responsibility, the problem of the lack of which in the region is quite acute. Public dissemination of samples of socially responsible behavior in order to consolidate them in the mass consciousness and transform them into sustainable practices, a certain kind of propaganda (in the narrow sense of the word), will create a systemically organized, institutionalized environment for the implementation of socially responsible behavior. Business structures will be involved in the described environment in appropriate cases. In addition, the institutionalization of social responsibility, through standardization, will become a "resource-saving technology" for organizations implementing a variety of socially oriented programs, allowing to avoid spending extra effort on the "invention" of individual forms of implementation of socially responsible behavior, and distracting from the form, focus on the content. In the future, the institutionalization of social responsibility will help to create the basis for constructive dialogue between government, business and civil society on the basis of increasing self-reflexivity of each of the subjects of social interaction, understanding fully its active role in respect of social and economic change and responsibility for chosen strategy and its implications. Promotion of models of socially responsible behavior, based primarily on moral and ethical grounds, will contribute to the gradual development and improvement of public relations in the region. Media and social networks serve as channels and platforms for broadcasting samples of socially responsible behavior. The means of broadcasting include advertising, socially significant actions of various scales. The transformation of social responsibility into a trend will change the thinking of both the initiators of socially oriented activities in the face of the heads of organizations and its addressees.
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Ogorodova, V. V. "THE МYTHOLOGHEME ТRAVELLER / WANDERER IN THE NOVEL BY L.N. TOLSTOY "THE COSSACKS"." Bulletin of Udmurt University. Series History and Philology 29, no. 5 (October 25, 2019): 812–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.35634/2412-9534-2019-29-5-812-818.
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The article is devoted to the study of the functions of mythopoetic images and motives in the poetics of the novel by L.N. Tolstoy "The Cossacks". The central object of the study is the мythologheme Traveller / Wanderer, which determines the logic of the fate of the protagonist of the story Dmitriy Olenin, as well as the dominant psychological, spiritual and moral traits of his character. The archetypes of the Traveller and the Wanderer are differentiated as two various invariants, since their content has a number of similar features, but is not completely identical. In the plot-semantic contexts of "The Cossacks ", the dyad Traveller / Wanderer is interpreted as a mythologeme, performing the functions of an archetypical core in the image structure of the main character of the work. The analysis of the plot-event logic of Olenin’s biography reveals that the hero’s life and spiritual path is determined typologically by Tolstoy’s “wandering model”, which involves a number of stages. The study leads to the conclusion that in the image of Tolstoy Olenin is presented as an eternal Wanderer, whose path turns out to be fundamentally incomplete.
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Bromfield, Nicole Footen, and Moshoula Capous-Desyllas. "Underlying Motives, Moral Agendas and Unlikely Partnerships: The Formulation of the U.S. Trafficking in Victims Protection Act Through the Data and Voices of Key Policy Players." Advances in Social Work 13, no. 2 (August 7, 2012): 243–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.18060/1962.
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In response to the overwhelming amount of attention to human trafficking, the debates surrounding its definition, and its focus on the sex industry, the purpose of this study was to understand the motivations behind the formation of the Trafficking in Victims Protection Act (TVPA). Using the Advocacy Coalition Framework (ACF) as a model, data was collected and analyzed in order to examine the coalition identities of key players and their positions. Through the presentation of in-depth interview data with key policy players involved in the making of the TVPA, this article illustrates how and why the TVPA was formulated, the implications of its development, and the necessity for critical analysis of its effects. The use of alternative frameworks of labor and migration for understanding trafficking is proposed. Further consideration is given to legislative changes to eliminate anti-prostitution ideology and to support anti-oppressive approaches to addressing forced or deceptive working conditions.
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Cronin, Mark. "Men in Early Childhood: A Moral Panic? A research report from a UK University." Social Change Review 12, no. 1 (July 1, 2014): 3–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/scr-2014-0001.
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AbstractSignificant changes in the role fathers play in their children’s care alongside the increased interest shown by teenage boys in working with young children has so far resulted in no noticeable increase in the numbers of men working in Early Childhood in the UK. Previous research has identified how the gendered nature of this workforce presents significant barriers to men’s involvement combined with an increasingly dogmatic media discourse which represents men solely as a threat to young children. The research reported in this paper explored the experiences of a group of undergraduate male students in their pursuit of a career working with young children and to what degree the dynamics of being othered had impacted them. It also sought to consider the rhetoric and reality of recent UK government attempts to address the imbalance in the Early Childhood workforce. Thirteen male students from two undergraduate programmes at a UK University were interviewed for this study. The research data identified a number of risk factors which present barriers to men’s involvement in Early Childhood such as gender stereotyping, marginalisation or ‘othering’ of men and negative media discourses. It also identified potential protective factors which enable men’s involvement such as supportive family and friends, male role-models and a sense of social responsibility. Broader reflections also identified the significant difference between the UK government rhetoric in support of increasing men’s participation in Early Childhood and the reality of the active indifference shown to challenging the barriers to participation driven by political motives which has effectively generated a new ‘moral panic’ around men working with young children.
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Zhang, Ji. "The Illusion and the Reality of Chinese Budget Reform: Budget, Citizen Empowerment and Corruption Perception." Chinese Public Administration Review 8, no. 1 (June 30, 2017): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.22140/cpar.v8i1.3.
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Anticorruption campaigns in China always combined moral education and periodic crackdowns. However, despite their increasing intensity, the performance of those anticorruption campaigns was always rather low. After the government began to transform its anticorruption efforts from periodic moral education campaigns into a permanent institution, the effect of financial governance caused by budget reform started to emerge. Many studies discussed and explained how the transformation of government’s financial structure and performance would reduce rent-seeking motives and control corruption at the macro level. Whether those financial changes could also affect corruption perception at micro level still needs to verified. This study uses Chinese data (2010–2012) of the third wave of the Asian Barometer Survey[1] and a multi-level model to explore how objective financial governance (budget transparency, audit, and budget deficit) affects subjective corruption perception. And it also examines the citizen empowerment effect and its interaction effect with financial variables on corruption perception. The conclusion suggests that corruption perception will decrease as financial governance, such as budget transparency and audit, improves. In particular, the development of reliable auditing will strengthen the link between citizen empowerment and corruption perception.[1] The third wave of the Asian Barometer Survey is part of East Asia Democracy Study Plan (2010–2012) financed by the Education Department of Taiwan, Academic Sinica, and National Taiwan University. The plan is executed by East Asia Democracy Study Program of National Taiwan University, with Professor Hu Fo and Professor Zhu Yunhan as program leaders. The data are executed and released by East Asia Democracy Study Plan (www.asianbarometer.org) of National Taiwan University. I appreciate the help of these academic institutions and their staff for providing the data. I am responsible for the opinions stated in this study.
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Alamri, Mahdi Mohammed. "A Model of E-Learning through Achievement Motivation and Academic Achievement among University Students in Saudi Arabia." Sustainability 15, no. 3 (January 26, 2023): 2264. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su15032264.
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In relation to E-learning, achievement motivation is the persistent drive that students have to succeed to a particular degree of quality in a competitive environment. Goals, task values, ability self-concepts, and achievement motives are only a few of the many diverse constructions that make up achievement motivation, which is not one single construct. According to the few studies that have looked at different motivation constructs as predictor variables of university students’ academic achievement well beyond cognitive abilities and achievement motivation, most motivational constructs predicted educational success beyond intelligence, and students’ ability self-concepts as well as task morals are more potent in predicting their achievement than goals and achievement motives. However, an effort was made in this study to examine the impact of academic achievement motivation on university students inside the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. The purpose of the current study was to investigate the variables that influence motivation for achievement. It was predicted that these variables include ability, effort, perseverance, responsibility, the viewpoint of the teacher, and tasks. The major data collection strategy used by the researchers to accomplish their research goal involved distributing a questionnaire to 248 students. Structural equation modeling (SEM), a quantitative research technique, was used to produce the results. Because all of the criteria were significantly correlated in this study, it can be concluded that the tasks assigned to students and the perspective of the teacher both contribute to students’ motivation for achievement. The significance of the findings for studying motivational constructs with various theoretical underpinnings and structural models is highlighted. The associations among all hypotheses were investigated using the following variables based on the suggested model: aptitude, efforts and persistence, duties, the teacher’s viewpoint, and tasks.
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Hall, Kellyn Dailey. "Tele-Ethics in Communication Disorders: Asking the Right Questions, Finding the Right Answers." Perspectives of the ASHA Special Interest Groups 7, no. 1 (February 11, 2022): 18–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/2021_persp-21-00211.
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Purpose: A hypothetical case is used to illustrate legal and ethical issues involving the decision to replace the traditional in-person service delivery model with telepractice in schools beyond the context of the initial COVID-19 health emergency. In this clinical focus article, the reader follows Maria, the lead speech-language pathologist (SLP) in the district, as she determines the feasibility of continuing telepractice in her district now that students and clinicians are returning to schools. First, she considers the support needed to implement this service delivery model within the school setting given the anticipated changes to the rules and regulations governing lawful and ethical provision of telepractice after the health emergency ends. Next, she decides if telepractice is warranted in the district by considering the rationales behind the requests. Faced with balancing school, student, and clinician needs, Maria uses an ethical decision-making model to determine if requests for telepractice, tied to health safety concerns and potentially influenced by implicit bias, reflect legal, ethical, and/or moral issues driven by fear or unconscious discriminatory motives. Conclusions: The health emergency gave SLPs working in schools the unique opportunity to experience the benefits and utility of telepractice. Following the return to schools, continuation of telepractice services will require support and training of SLPs. Many factors must be considered including equivalency of services, technology, and protection of privacy as they relate to the changes to the laws and regulations governing telepractice after the health emergency allowances end. Of primary importance is the selection of telepractice to address student needs, not to avoid specific schools because of their characteristics or location. An ethical decision-making model can be used as a framework to guide service delivery model decisions that balance the needs of the student, the clinician, and the district.
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Zaitun, Zaitun. "MANFAAT MOTIVASI BELAJAR BERBASIS KEARIFAN LOKAL G12." EduHumaniora | Jurnal Pendidikan Dasar Kampus Cibiru 11, no. 1 (January 31, 2019): 36. http://dx.doi.org/10.17509/eh.v11i1.12388.
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Abstract: Learning is an obligation as well as a spiritual need of human. Especially in the global era that all sophisticated has given various consequences and influence both positive and negative. The positive value must provide good for learners but the negative value with a series of moral decadence cases such as cheating in learning activities, plagiarism, lazy, immoral, free sex, deteriorating of polite values need to be handled by the return to a moral formation which oriented in motivation. This paper offers the motivation to learn based on the local wisdom of G12 as a motivator to learn because motivation and encouragement become something important in improving the learning effort in achieving the expected goals. The purpose of this paper was to foster and improve the motivation to learn based on local wisdom G12 as well as preserve the G12 and explore the values of motivation contained therein. The method used was descriptive qualitative with content analysis as well as Peirce's semiotics where collected primary and secondary data, then described, analyzed, and so found the result and conclusion that the benefits of learning motivation based on G12 include: fostering religious values in the students, moral formation, increase the spirit of learning, enrichment of learning for educators, educators as role models in learning and inheritance of local wisdom values.Keywords: the benefits of learning motivation, local wisdom, G12 Abstrak: Belajar merupakan kewajiban sekaligus kebutuhan rohani manusia. Apalagi di era global yang serba canggih telah memberikan berbagai konsekuensi serta pengaruh baik itu positif maupun negative. Nilai positif pastinya memberikan kebaikan bagi peserta didik namun nilai negative dengan serentetan kasus dekadensi moral seperti mencontek dalam aktivitas pembelajaran, plagiat,malas,asusila, free sex,pudarnya nilai sopan santun perlu ditangani dengan kembali pada pembinaan akhlak berorientasi pada motivasi. Tulisan ini menawarkan motivasi belajar berbasis kearifan local G12 sebagai pendorong dan penggerak untuk belajar karena motivasi dan dorongan menjadi sesuatu yang penting dalam meningkatkan usaha belajar dalam mencapai tujuan yang diharapkan. Tujuan tulisan ini adalah untuk menumbuhkan serta meningkatkan motivasi belajar berbasis kearifan local G12 sekaligus melestarikan G12 serta menggali nilai-nilai bermuatan motivasi yang ada didalamnya. Metode yang digunakan adalah deskriptif kualitatatif dengan dengan anaisis isi dan semiotic Pierce dimana dikumpulkan data primer dan skunder,selanjutnya di deskripsikan, dianalisis dan sehingga ditemukan hasil dan kesimpulan bahwa manfaat motivasi belajar berbasis G12 antara lain : menumbuhkan nilai religious dalam diri peserta didik, pembinaan akhlak mulia, meningkatkan semangat belajar, pengayaan pembelajaran bagi pendidik, pendidik sebagai role model dalam pembelajaran dan pewarisan nilai-nilai kearifan local..Kata kunci: Manfaat motivasi belajar, kearifan lokal, G12
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Glomb, Yuriy. "The warning mechanism in the prism of responsibility under Art. 384 of the Criminal code of Ukraine (misleading of court or other authorized authority)." Law Review of Kyiv University of Law, no. 4 (December 30, 2020): 368–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.36695/2219-5521.4.2020.66.
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The article presents a warning mechanism aimed at overcoming the provision of perjury. The model of warnings has the form ofa single complex, the elements of which are counteraction to misleading the court or other authority. In the prism of liability under Ar -tic le 384 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine, the warning mechanism is one of the types of special warning of a specific person potentiallycapable of committing an offense. The legislator distinguishes six categories of persons whom he warns of criminal liability for misleadinga court or other authority, namely: witness, victim, expert, translator, appraiser, specialist. The strategy of reducing the crimi -nogenic potential of a person who gives evidence or testimony, conclusion or assessment, or translates should be implemented primarilythrough preventive measures.The addressee of an individual warning, which can be considered as one of the types of special warning, is a specific person (person),potentially capable of committing an offense due to external (materially encouraging circumstances, pressure from the public orparty) and internal factors, personal moral and ethical norms, customs, traditions, beliefs, personal friendship or revenge, indifference,retribution and other motives). Warning encourages the individual to take more seriously, attentively and responsibly to provide anytestimony, information, conclusion, translation; not to be indifferent to investigative or judicial actions, summonses to court, trial.In warning or imperative statements with indicative forms, the will is always expressed in relation to future action, which is clearlyperceived as an order. The strength of the influence of the volitional impulse depends on the person who perceives it. In the processof communication, the forms of the order are addressed to a person who depends on the legislator, respectively, and the nuances of theorder acquire modal values of categoricalness.The specificity of modern law is - imperative (categorical, authoritative). It is the form of imperative that does not allow changesin the previously established requirements to act accordingly. Imperative norms of law: 1) prescribe clearly defined actions; 2) establishan unambiguous exhaustive list and content of the rights and obligations of the subjects; 3) do not involve any deviations.
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Baskaran, Shathees, Nomahaza Mahadi, Thanabalan Tangaraja, Tai Mee Yuen, and Saravin Kumar Binu Kumar. "Exploration and Integration of Ethical Leadership Potential Dimensions and Differential Employee Voice Behaviour – A Strategic Management Perspective." Business Management and Strategy 9, no. 1 (June 27, 2018): 272. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/bms.v9i1.13326.
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Business ethics has gained great interest due to rising trend of ethical misconducts around the world. While ethics has its impacts at personal, organizational and societal levels, it is regarded as a moral responsibility of various stakeholders including the leaders and also employees. Therefore, a leader is required to demonstrate an ethical leadership while employees should be given an avenue to voice out their ethical concerns as well. Employees may voice out their ethical concerns in the form of suggestion, problem or opinion while the leader should demonstrate their ethical practices through motive, influences and also moral character. In view of this, a theoretical framework is proposed by incorporating these dimensions supported by relevant literature for conceptualization of the research. Direction for future is also provided to validate and improve predictive value of the research model.
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Wong, T. C., Mohamed Yacine Haddoud, Y. K. Kwok, and Hongwei He. "Examining the key determinants towards online pro-brand and anti-brand community citizenship behaviours." Industrial Management & Data Systems 118, no. 4 (May 14, 2018): 850–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/imds-07-2017-0313.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to propose a research model to identify the key determinants and examine their impact towards online pro-brand and anti-brand community citizenship behaviours (CCBs). Design/methodology/approach A survey based on the research model is used to collect empirical data from 260 and 200 members of online pro-brand communities (OBCs) and online anti-brand communities (OABCs), respectively. A two-stage approach employing fuzzy-set qualitative comparative analysis and artificial neural network (ANN) is first applied to uncover new observations. Findings Moral identity and positive brand emotion (BE) are the two most influential factors driving both online pro-brand and anti-brand CCBs. A higher level of internalisation might be required to exhibit online anti-brand CCB as opposed to online pro-brand CCB. This contradicts the current understanding that anti-brand behaviours are less morally restricted given the virtuality and anonymity of online communities. OABC members may need to better justify themselves internally to overcome positive BE when exercising anti-brand action. Also, brand identification, brand dis-identification and BE would be used to identify two types of OABC members. Research limitations/implications The effect of motives other than pro-social remains unclear on online pro-brand and anti-brand CCBs. Originality/value This is the first paper to develop two new dimensions which provide a more complete definition of CCB. Also, some new observations are uncovered by comparing the effect of different key determinants on online pro-brand CCB against that of online anti-brand CCB. The research model can be used to define and improve member (or brand) engagement which would enhance the management of OBCs and OABCs.
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Makarenko, Tamara, and Lyudmila Kovalchuk. "Model to Assess Effectiveness of Regional Mass Media." Theoretical and Practical Issues of Journalism 8, no. 1 (January 31, 2019): 57–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.17150/2308-6203.2019.8(1).57-71.
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The article presents the structure of the media in the Trans-Baikal Territory. The elements of the media system include leading information agencies, television channels, periodicals, determined by the media rating in the Trans-Baikal Territory. The mass media presented in the model have different technical and technological properties allowing them to represent the interests of various social and age groups. Taking into account the interests of the maximum number of the media product consumers makes it possible to assess the overall level of awareness of the population about the events and facts of regional social and economic development, which, in the authors' view, should be considered an indicator of the regional media effectiveness. The significance of this indicator is determined by the participation of the media in the formation of values, political views, moral and ethical guidelines and motives of the population. In this context, an evaluation of the overall performance of the system and partial performance indicators of its elements is an important management task. At the same time, the task is complicated because of the lack of a generally accepted system of indicators for assessing the processes of creating and transmitting information, as well as tools for their convolution. In accordance with the purpose of the study, the authors proposed a system of indicators for assessing the factors that determine the effectiveness of the processes of creating information products at each of the media in the region, as well as indicators of the overall effectiveness of the media system of the region. Given the differences in technologies for creation and transmission of information products, the authors solved the problem of comparability of indicators and data. At the stage of obtaining integral estimates, the problem of the convolution of the obtained indicators arose. To solve the problem of convolution, the apparatus of fuzzy logic and fuzzy logic inference was used. The obtained estimates revealed a high level of awareness of the population of the Trans-Baikal Region about the events, facts and processes of regional socio-economic development. The evaluation algorithm presented in the work allows one not only to assess the overall level of effectiveness of the regional media system, but also to compare the media systems of different regions, and to monitor the activities of individual media enterprises. The principal moment of practical application of the proposed algorithm is the possibility of building on its basis a computer expert system that allows to automate the calculations and the formation of an information base.
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Vranješ, Nikola. "On the Theological-Practical Importance of the Relation between a Scientific Paradigm of Understanding of Man, the World and the Universe and the Paradigm of Faith." Bogoslovni vestnik 79, no. 1 (May 2019): 33–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.34291/bv2019/01/vranjes.
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One of the most actual theological and cultural questions nowadays is the question of a harmonious relation between the scientific-technological paradigm of the understanding of man, the world and the universe and the paradigm of faith. This question does not just have relevance of a biblical, dogmatic or ethical-moral nature, but it also has the relevance of a theological-practical or pastoral nature as well. This theological-practical field of discernment of the relation that is pointed out above is the primary object of this article. Undertaking a discernment of this kind, it is possible to start with the problem of the so-called cosmic pessimism. This problem has immeasurable consequences in the cultural and practical area of life and many other problems are connected to it. On the theological side of the coin, many segments of understanding the faith with respect to the paradigm of science today do not always show an attempt at the harmonious fitting of the elements of the faith into the totality of the realization of life. There is the issue of developing theology in the modern and postmodern periods and the often lack of recognition of the scientific picture of the world. There are also some other theological elements which are very challenging regarding this entire debate, such as the question of the motives for genuine moral living, relations to people with different beliefs and worldviews, some practical issues regarding the models of evangelization, and practical actions of the parish and the other Church communities, etc.
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Chedgemov, Sergei R., Rashid K. Kuliev, and Alexey B. Tmenov. "The Creative Heritage of N.G. Dzhusoyty in the Ossetian-Alan Education System." Vestnik of North-Ossetian State University, no. 4 (December 25, 2021): 142–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.29025/1994-7720-2021-4-142-149.
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Relevance lies in the fact that the problems of education in modern social and political conditions acquire special importance and especially in the conditions of increasing phenomena of moral and spiritual impoverishment. National literature plays a major role in overcoming this phenomenon. Prominent representatives of it, and in the conditions of Ossetia-Alania to them can rightly include N.G. Dzhusoyty (1925-2017), left a rich creative heritage that can and should be used in the cause of popular education. The history of the people is revealed in the activities of specific people and this activity is conditioned not only by the makings of man but also by the social background on which he has to act. People define the times and times that correct people, their thoughts, actions, desires. The purpose of this publication is to analyze the psychological and educational aspect of the creative heritage of N.G. Dzhusoyty, of course, without a claim to the full disclosure of this problem of the study. The greatness of his creative potential lies in the fact that the analysis of the works of his creative heritage reveals not only the facets of his talent, wisdom and beauty of his syllable, rich moral content, but also the possibility of their use in educational and educational activities. inference. The article highlights and analyzes such aspects of the creative heritage of the aforementioned prominent figure of Ossetian-Alan culture as ethnopedagogue. The image of the mother, the main educator in human life, folk poetry, prominent representatives of culture, who managed to present moral role models to the world and create a spiritual outlook and human character are highlighted. The article substantiates the idea that it is expedient to introduce in all educational institutions of North and South Ossetia a special course “Teaching motives of N.G. Dzhusoyty’s work”. Its materials will contribute not only to the analysis of the effectiveness of forms and means of improving the educational level of students, but also their general education.
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Kupfer, Tom R., and Roger Giner-Sorolla. "Communicating Moral Motives." Social Psychological and Personality Science 8, no. 6 (December 15, 2016): 632–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1948550616679236.
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Disgust motivates pathogen avoidance, but it is unclear why it is also reported toward moral violations. Previous explanations have focused on identifying the type of violation specific to disgust. Here, we propose that people express disgust toward any type of moral violation in order to communicate particular motives. Unlike anger, which can be seen as self-interested, disgust communicates a more principled, moral motivation. Two experiments show that observers infer more moral motivation from an expression of disgust and more self-interested motivation from anger. Two further experiments testing participants’ own expression decisions demonstrate that disgust is chosen more to show moral concern and anger is chosen to protest harm to one’s self-interest. By shifting focus to the interpersonal effects of emotion expressions, these findings offer a new perspective for understanding the role of disgust in morality.
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Spencer, Daniel T. "“All My Means are Sane, My Motive and My Object Mad”." Worldviews 19, no. 3 (2015): 282–302. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15685357-01903005.
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Neoliberal economic globalization is motivated by the quest for ever-increasing profits and endless economic growth. Both the motive and means of economic globalization prove to be irrational in the context of the ecological limits of the planet. Rising rates of social and economic inequality coupled with growing ecological breakdown and climate change demonstrate that this economic model is neither socially just nor environmentally sustainable. Ethical analysis of different models of globalization provides alternatives rooted in moral norms of justice, equity, democratic participation and environmental sustainability. Studies of human happiness demonstrate that once basic needs are met, there is little to no correlation between increasing levels of per capita consumption and human wellbeing and happiness (Diener et al., 2009; Helliwell, Layard & Sachs, 2012). Hence affluent nations can and must decrease rates of per capita consumption, which can be accomplished while enhancing happiness and wellbeing. While economic growth for poor nations remains a priority to meet basic needs, affluent nations such as the United States need to shift away from neoliberal economics based on endless growth to more localized and sustainable ways of living.