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Rahman, Nur-E. "Achieving the millennium development goals aid effectiveness on female empowerment /." CONNECT TO ELECTRONIC THESIS, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1961/3642.
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Booi, Lusu. "Millennium development goals: lessons from Brazil and Venezuela (2000-2015)." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/14675.
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This research looks at social policy making in Venezuela and Brazil with the objective of alleviating poverty, with special focus on meeting Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) that were set in 2000. Considering the leftist democratic governments that have been established in Latin America since Hugo Chávez was elected president in 1998, and later with Luiz Inacio Lula da Silva in 2002, the research seeks to understand and illustrate what nuances exist in strategy, ideas and implementation of social policy that would positively affect the underprivileged for a more equal and just society. The two countries have deep historical and structural inequalities from slavery, colonialism, imbalanced distribution of resources and like most developing nations of the Global South, have had to endure structural adjustments that have entrenched poverty levels further. Arguments in the past have been made for economic prosperity and economic growth as good indicators for development, however, the research takes a comparative analysis on how Venezuela (through Barrio Adentro and multiple state driven Missions) and Brazil (state supported Bolsa Familia and Universal Health System), have targeted health and education as the primary sectors not just to transform society but also because it is through these sectors that the most effective and efficient manner to measure human development which has thus far been neglected. The research also examines the leadership of the countries which speaks to the differing approaches adopted, style, rhetoric and political realities; and how they have been received not just domestically, but also internationally. The outcomes of the research illustrate a good link between literacy, education and health and a healthy level of state intervention that requires reciprocal social participation for programmes to succeed. Brazil and Venezuela have shown notable creativity and effectiveness in this regard.
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Pierce, Hayley Marie. "Reducing Infant Mortality to Reach Millennium Development Goal 4." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2014. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/4073.
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The World Health Organization (WHO) found that 6.6 million children under five died in 2012 (WHO 2013). Almost half of all of these child deaths take place in the first month of life, and 75% of all under five deaths occur within the child's first year of life (WHO 2013). The aim of this study is to compare the most influential factors that decrease infant and neonatal mortality in order to find where policy makers, governments, and international organizations need to focus their efforts in order to get all countries on track for Millennium Development Goal 4 to reduce child mortality. Mosley and Chen (1984) suggest that infant mortality should be studied more as a process with multifactorial origins opposed to an acute, single phenomenon. To study the multifaceted nature of infant mortality they suggest grouping select variables into broad categories. This paper uses this model to test the contribution of the following four types of factors: 1) healthcare system 2) social determinants 3) reproductive behavior and 4) national context in order to understand which category impacts infant mortality most significantly. This study utilizes the Demographic and Health Surveys and was estimated using a discrete time hazard model. Results suggest that social determinants reduce infant mortality most significantly over the other three factors and that maternal education is the key to reaching Millennium Development Goal 4. This research suggests that healthcare interventions, although important, are not a substitute for mother's education. The combination of prenatal care and maternal education will ensure the safest first year for a child.
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Pérez, Wilton. "Millennium Development Goals in Nicaragua : Analysing progress, social inequalities, and community actions." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala universitet, Internationell mödra- och barnhälsovård (IMCH), 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-183273.
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The world has made important efforts to meet the Millennium Development Goals (MDG) by 2015. However, it is still insufficient and inequalities prevail in the poorest settings. We tracked selected MDG, barriers for their achievement, and community actions that help to accelerate the pace of their accomplishment in two Nicaraguan communities (León and Cuatro Santos). In the first two studies we track the progress of MDG4 (reduce child mortality) using the under-five mortality rate. Inequalities in mortality were mainly assessed by means of maternal education, but other social stratifications were performed on rural-urban residence and sub-regional comparisons between both communities. The last two studies describe community interventions in Cuatro Santos and their association with progress toward MDG1 (poverty reduction). Participation in interventions and poverty were visualized geographically in this remote rural community between 2004 and 2009. Other selected MDG targets were also tracked. These communities will possibly meet MDG4 even before 2015. In León, MDG progress has been accompanied by a decline in child mortality. Despite social inequalities with regard to mortality persisting in education and places of residence, these have decreased. However, it is crucial to reduce neonatal mortality if MDG4 is to be achieved. For example, in León the percentage of under-five deaths in the neonatal period has doubled from 1970 to 2005. In the remote rural area of Cuatro Santos, progress has been accelerated and no child mortality differences were observed despite the level of a mother’s education. Cuatro Santos has also progressed in the reduction of poverty and extreme poverty. The participation of the population in such community interventions as microcredit, home gardening, technical training, safe drinking water, and latrines has increased. Microcredit was an intervention that was unequally distributed in this rural area, where participation was lower in poor and extremely poor households than in non-poor households. In those households that transitioned from poor to non-poor status, microcredit, home gardening, and technical training were associated with this transition. Furthermore spatial analysis revealed that clusters of low participation in interventions overlapped with clusters of high poverty households.
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Carrillo, Flores Isabel. "An evaluation of the millennium development goals and their impact on education." Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2016. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/117727.
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This article analyses the status of education as a fundamental right. The recenteconomic crisis and associated austerity policies have worsened the situation and,rather than diminish, educational inequalities have in fact increased. Firstly, thesignificance of education as a Human Right is examined. Secondly, the extentto which the MDGs have been met is reviewed, particularly with regard toeducation, where, as detailed in various reports produced by NGOs and by theUnited Nations, certain difficulties have impeded their being met. The Right toEducation is examined in a projective way as a right that should not be limitedto the vision contained in the new Sustainable Development Goals for 2030.It is necessary to go still further and advance towards a true democratisation ofeducation.En este artículo se analiza la educación como derecho humano fundamental. Ellegado del siglo veinte muestra avances pero las crisis económicas y las políticasde ajuste adoptadas han agravado las desigualdades educativas. En este contextolos Objetivos de Desarrollo del Milenio proyectados para el 2015 han quedadolimitados. Primero se significa la educación como derecho humano. En segundolugar se hace balance de los objetivos y se exponen sus impactos en la educacióncontrastados con informes de organizaciones que evidencian problemáticas quehan dificultado su alcance. Se expone una mirada proyectiva del derecho a laeducación que no puede quedar encorsetado en la formulación de los nuevosObjetivos de Desarrollo Sostenible 2030. Habrá que ir más allá y avanzar en laverdadera democratización educativa.
Este artigo discute a educação como um direito humano fundamental. O legadodo s.XX mostra progressos, mas as políticas de crise e de ajustamento económicoadotadas exacerbaram a desigualdade educacional. Neste contexto, as Metasde Desenvolvimento do Milênio projetadas para 2015 não foram alcançados.Primeiro definiu a educação como um direito humano. Em segundo lugarobjetivos são analisados, e os seus impactos são discutidos na educação, usandoargumentos relatórios de organizações que mostram problemas que impedem asua realização. Finalmente, argumenta-se que o direito à educação não pode serlimitado na formulação das novas Objetivos de Desenvolvimento Sustentável2030. Devemos avançar a verdadeira democratização educacional.
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Strasser, Georg. "The Grameen Bank and Beyond the Millennium Development Goals : Microfinance and Poverty Alleviation." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för geovetenskaper, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-226512.
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Inspired by the precedence of eradicating worldwide poverty and the unresolved discussion how to solve this problem, this paper attempts to illustrate how microfinance by the Grameen Bank can alleviate poverty beyond the Millennium Development Goals (MDG). These goals are arguably limited by the use of poverty lines and may not reflect the true level of poverty beyond quantifications. Microfinance has become a top choice for bottom-up poverty alleviation despite mixed effects over past decades. In this regard, this study seeks to explore how microfinance as a bottom-up approach to development can widen and enhance social opportunities beyond quantifications and the MDG for poor people. Guided by an explorative case study design qualitative interviews with Grameen Bank staff and borrowers were conducted in rural villages in the divisions of Tangail and Manikganj in the surrounding areas of Dhaka. Three primary stakeholders were identified for further empirical enquiry: (1) poor people and households, (2) children and students, and (3) extremely poor people or beggars. The research revealed that microfinance can alleviate poverty and enhance economic as well as social opportunities for poor people to a certain extent. In terms of economic opportunity enhancement microfinance can lead to stimulation of business sectors and village economy, increased purchasing power and general access to financial services otherwise inaccessible for poor people. With regards to social opportunities, microfinance may lead to increased choice to pursue what one desires, women empowerment, instrumental value, change in living conditions, decreased availability of household workers, increased opportunities for beggars and access to healthcare. However, the level of effectiveness of poverty intervention and opportunity enhancement varies among the groups of people explored: (1) poor people and households and (2) children and students can enhance their opportunities relatively more effectively compared to (3) extremely poor people or beggars.
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Montgomery, H., and John A. Weiss. "Can commercially-oriented microfinance help meet the Millennium Development Goals? Evidence from Pakistan." Elsevier, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/4475.
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YesThe current emphasis in the microfinance industry is a shift from donor-funded to commercially sustainable operations. This article evaluates the impact of access to microloans from the Khushhali Bank - Pakistan's first and largest microfinance bank which operates on commercial principles. Using primary data from a detailed household survey of nearly 3000 borrower and non-borrower households, a difference in difference approach is used to test for the impact of access to loans. Once the results are disaggregated between rural and urban areas there is a positive impact in rural areas on food expenditure and on some social indicators.
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Sommer, Walther. "The Public Opinion of the Millennium Development Goals in Norway : What may affect it?" Thesis, Norges teknisk-naturvitenskapelige universitet, Institutt for sosiologi og statsvitenskap, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:no:ntnu:diva-13559.
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Ledlie, Nikhil. "Aiding the Mdg's: How Important is Development Assistance in Achieving the Millennium Development Goals." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2013. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/cmc_theses/624.
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The objective of this paper is to study the impact of aid on human development. This impact in turn indicates whether this aid is on course to help developing nations achieve their respective Millennium Development Goals by the target date of 2015. Using time series data on 136 aid recipient countries from 2000-2010 and infant mortality, illiteracy and poverty as measures of human development, this paper assesses the direct effect of foreign aid on these three developmental indices. The empirical findings of this study yield inconclusive results much like many prior research studies on the effectiveness of foreign aid. This paper also develops a quality measure of aid; however this variable also shows inconclusive results. This study reinforces that the quality and knowledge aspects of the aid flowing to developing countries are as important as the monetary aspect of this aid.
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Falcão, William. "A positive youth development coach education program and the United Nations millennium development goals." Thesis, McGill University, 2011. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=97056.
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In 2000, the United Nations (UN) hosted a world summit to set their major goals and objectives. This summit produced the UN Millennium Development Goals (MDGs), a set of eight goals that addressed key social problems in the world. The UN has recognized the potential of sport and physical activity as a way to achieve the UN MDGs. Empirical evidence has shown that sport is a powerful tool that can promote life skills in youth athletes and that the coach plays a key role in youths' personal and social development in sport. To date, research has not examined the benefits of sport under the framework of the UN goals, nor has research created activities to achieve these goals. Thus, the purpose of the study was to assess coaches' thoughts and perceptions of activities that were created to address three UN MDGs (health, education, and empowering women). Six youth soccer and basketball coaches participated in this study. Coaches were required to participate in a workshop designed to teach them the UN MDGs and the principles of positive youth development (PYD). During the workshop four activities were created in a collaborative effort between the participating youth coaches and the McGill research team. These activities were delivered by the coaches to their athletes throughout the season. Data was collected using four qualitative methods: pre and post-intervention forms, interviews, research assistant field notes, and a reflective journal kept by the research coordinator. Data revealed that coaches perceived the project as successful and the activities were seen as beneficial for athletes and for the team. In particular, the coaches believed the activities improved the athletes' awareness of the importance of health, education, and empowering women. The coaches also believed the activities increased team cohesion and communication skills among their players, and between coaches and players. Finally, observations suggested increased indicators of PYD among youth players. In sum, the results of the present study demonstrated that coaches can be educated in the principles of PYD and the UN goals to develop activities that fostered life skills development of their athletes through sport.En 2000, l'Organisation internationale des Nations Unies (ONU) fut l'hôte d'un sommet international afin de fixer leurs principaux buts et objectifs. De ce sommet sont nés les objectifs du Millénaire pour le développement (OMD), un ensemble de huit objectifs qui abordent des problèmes sociaux importants dans le monde. Les Nations Unies ont reconnu les possibilités du sport et de l'activité physique en tant qu'OMD de l'ONU. Les évidences empiriques ont démontré d'une part que le sport est un outil puissant qui peut encourager le développement d'habiletés de vie chez les jeunes athlètes et d'autre part que les entraîneurs jouent un rôle important dans le développement personnel et social des jeunes dans le domaine du sport. Jusqu'à maintenant les recherches ne se sont pas penchées sur les avantages du sport en fonction du cadre des objectifs de l'ONU de plus les recherches n'ont pas créé d'activités pour atteindre ces buts. Par conséquent, l'objectif de cette étude était d'analyser les pensées des entraîneurs et leurs perceptions d'activités qui ont été créées spécifiquement pour se pencher sur trois des ODM de l'ONU (santé, éducation et l'autonomisation des femmes). Six entraîneurs de soccer et de basketball pour les jeunes ont contribué à cette étude. On leur a demandé de participer à un atelier conçu pour leur enseigner les ODM de l'ONU ainsi que les principes de l'intervention positive youth development (PYD). Au cours de l'atelier, quatre activités ont été crée grâce aux efforts communs des entraîneurs pour les jeunes et de l'équipe de recherche de McGill. Tout au long de la saison, ces activités ont été déployées par les entraîneurs à leurs athlètes. Les données ont été recueillies grâce à quatre méthodes qualitatives: des questionnaires avant après, des entrevues, des notes de recherches et un journal de réflexions tenu par les coordonnateurs de recherche. Les données ont démontré que les entraîneurs ont perçu que le projet fut un succès et que les athlètes ont tiré des avantages des activités. Selon les entraîneurs les activités ont permis une meilleure prise de conscience chez les athlètes de l'importance de la santé, de l'éducation et de l'autonomisation des femmes. Les entraîneurs croient aussi que les activités ont amélioré le travail d'équipe et les aptitudes à communiquer des participants. Finalement, leurs observations suggèrent une augmentation des indicateurs des principes de PYD chez les jeunes joueurs. En résumé, les résultats de cette étude ont démontré que les entraîneurs peuvent recevoir une formation selon les principes de PYD et des objectifs de l'ONU afin de concevoir par le sport des activités qui favorisent le développement d'habiletés de vie chez les athlètes.
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Henricksen, Natalia. "The status of the Commonwealth of Independent States in achieving the Millennium Development Goals /." View online version, 2009. http://ecommons.txstate.edu/arp/316.
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Faul, Moira Vincenza. "Power and partnerships for international development : the case of the education Millennium Development Goals." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2014. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.648456.
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Shomwe, Tendayi. "The Southern African Development Community (SADC) and the Millennium Development Goals: Can trade be the vehicle for achieving goal 8?" University of the Western Cape, 2005. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&action=viewtitle&id=init_3974_1177933414.
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The objective of this research was to examine how SADC states can attain goal 8 of the Millennium Development Goals set up by the international community through the United Nations in the year 2000, using trade under the mechanism envisaged by the World Trade Organization by the target date of 2015.
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Vance, Jessica Ainsworth. "What Matters More: an Analysis of the Effects of Educational Investment and Economic Growth Factors on Progress Towards the Educational Millennium Development Goals." The Ohio State University, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1259619338.
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Oloumou, Yannick Rodrigue Dieu. "Corporate citizenship and the millennium development goals: the case of South African Breweries in the Western Cape." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/4134.
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Magister Administrationis - MAdminThis study explores the relationship between companies and society with regards to companies’ social responsibilities. A number of concepts such as Corporate Citizenship (CC), Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) and Corporate Social Investment (CSI), articulate the role of companies in society. While these concepts are often used interchangeably, the main argument advanced in this study is that the concept of CC has more political currency than other concepts as CC confers duties and rights to companies in communities where they operate. In developing countries, CC is concerned with the role played by companies in administering the socio-economic rights of people living in communities where they operate. The study seeks to provide an overview of corporations’ obligations towards the socio-economic rights of people through CC, proposing the use of the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) as a way to find a normative framework for CC.
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Kanayo, Ogujiuba. "Public sector spending in Nigeria: implications for poverty, demographic changes and millennium development goals target." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/4652.
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Philosophiae Doctor - PhDOver the last two decades, budgetary allocations to both the Health and Education sectors have been on the increase in Nigeria, while a counter-factual feedback on its effects for various economic groups and distributional effect for different population households has not been defined and well known. The resultant effect has been gross inefficiency and sub-optimality in terms of observed outcomes of the fiscal framework. In-addition, there have been a continuous quest by the citizenry for increased allocations to these sectors because of its supposed impact on the poverty index and standard of living. Although this is a compelling reason, but what is worrisome and equally troubling, is that the increasing incidence of poverty and expanding inequality in the Nigerian society have not mitigated, despite the scaling up of funding on the social sectors. Furthermore, the current level of socioeconomic development in Nigeria is not in tandem with the distributive outcome targets set by the 2004 reforms. Thus, understanding the current structure of poverty in Nigeria as well as beneficiaries of public sector spending provides a sound basis for tackling inequality and redesigning the current pro-poor frameworks. However, our analysis is focused on the distributional spread of beneficiaries from services and the counterfactual reciprocity of expenditure benefits rather than measuring the exact value to recipients of government-sponsored services. Our research methodology used the 2004 Nigerian Living Standard Survey; 2010 Harmonized Nigerian Living Standard Survey; Recent Cros-sectional data (2014) in South East Nigeria and secondary sources. Econometric methods (Error Correction Method); Marginal Odds estimation techniques, Concentration Curves and Ordered Logistic Regression were used for our analysis. Statistical and Econometric Software’s (E-Views; SPSS; DAD and STATA) were used for estimations. Econometric results showed misalignments between population dynamics and public sector expenditure on education, health and economic services. The government consumption expenditure was not sensitive to demographic changes. The derived adjustment coefficients of -1.38, -1.51 and 0.51 respectively, for education, health and economic services indicate huge gaps in terms of what optimal spending should have been, giving the population dynamics. Our benefit incidence analysis indicates that substantive gains have been made at the primary education and health care level, at the state level for SE Nigeria but there is a gross misapplication of funds at the secondary and tertiary levels of both education and health sectors. Results show that the state governments’ is subsidizing the rich at the levels of both secondary and tertiary for education and health care. In addition, country wide results indicate that apart from public primary education and health care for urban residents, no other level of social service was absolutely progressive in general terms, by gender or by location while the tertiary level of both services were regressive as shown by the 2010 survey results, in comparism to the 2004 survey results. Using the Ordered Logistic Regression, our result inclines to the lifecycle hypothesis which maintains that poverty oscillates depending on the age. At a younger age, it tends to be on the high side and decreases during the middle ages and increases with age. Our results discards the feminization of poverty general framework that women or female headed households are more prone to poverty due principally to low education and lack of opportunity to own assets such as land amongst others. This wasn’t the case for the South East Region of Nigeria. Estimates indicate that education status, health status and access to health facilities affected the category of welfare of head of households and invariable, the entire household. In general, our analysis shows misalignment of social expenditure for various population groups, both at the federal and state levels; making doubtful the realization of basic MDGs. Nigeria has to combine growth policies and assuring that demographics count, with the poor fully participating in economic development. Also, the need for a refocusing in resource allocation taking into cognizance gender dimensions cannot be overemphasized. A general re-allocation of spending going to females and the poorer households would lead to improvement in gender equality and health status of women and children. Expediting actions towards qualitative education will lead directly to an acceleration of many of the other MDGs, especially those focusing on the reduction of poverty and inequality. To attain MDG targets (post 2015) within a shorter period of time, there is the need to improve the quality of social infrastructure and services. Furthermore, research should be focused on improving knowledge and understanding of what policies, technologies and investments matter for sustained growth in the country. This will create the much needed multiplier effect on other aggregates. The degree to which the poor participate in the growth process and share in its proceeds matter; both in the pace and pattern of growth. It is therefore important to have categorization of the population into economic groups when formulating a developmental framework for poverty reduction programmes. The study recommends sequencing of interventions, strengthening of institutions and other several interrelated areas to attain effectiveness of public sector spending.
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Gärde, Rafaella. "Preserving the Colonial Other : A postcolonial discourse analysis of the Millennium and Sustainable Development Goals." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Statsvetenskapliga institutionen, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-322624.
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Henriksen, Helene Elvira Berg. "Big Goals - Small Island: Will Fiji achieve sustainable food security? : Comparing the plans and policies built by the Fijian government under the Millennium Development Goals and Sustainable Development Goals." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Statsvetenskapliga institutionen, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-353071.
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This thesis examines how global development goals affect Fijian plans and policy strategies to achieve food security. The concept of food security is vast and complex, as several development issues contribute to the difficulty in achieving such security. It is therefore relevant to look at some of the dominating and underlying causes that challenge the possibility for Fiji to achieve food security. Built on previous theoretical and empirical evidence, this thesis identifies poverty and vulnerability as two dominant causes that hinder food security on Fiji. However, other causes, both internal and external, are recognised. Global development goals such as the Millennium Development Goals and the Sustainable Development Goals have highly influenced the strategies built within Fijian plans and policies. Millennium Development Goal 1 and 7, and Sustainable Development Goal 1 and 2, are of particular interest to this study, as the different goals target the issues of poverty, vulnerability and hunger. Although the different goals all target the underlying causes of food insecurity, this thesis finds that they differ in influencing a focus on achieving sustainable food security. Therefore, as the aspects of poverty, vulnerability and food security are highly intertwined, this thesis examines how strategies tackling poverty and vulnerability reduction have influenced strategies on food security on Fiji. By comparing the plans and policies built in consistency with the Millennium Development Goals and the Sustainable Development Goals, it has been possible to analyse whether such global goals have had an influence on addressing the underlying causes of food security on Fiji. Using the method of structured focused comparison in combination with an in-depth text analysis, structured questions have been built in order to analyse the chosen materials. The analysis has been conducted using information from different national plans found to be of relevance to the purpose of this study. The results show that goals with greater focus on social and environmental vulnerability, as well as long-term targets to eradicate poverty, provide a greater success in influencing a focus on food security in Fijian plans and policies. However, additional factors such as political instability, climate change and globalization need to be integrated into further studies on the chosen subject, in order to provide a greater understanding of how to achieve food security in a Pacific Small Island Developing State such as Fiji.
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De, Jager Nicole. "Exploring and modelling the link between energy and the millennium development goals with specific focus on social development." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/80781.
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Thesis (MBA)--Stellenbosch University, 2010.The Millennium Development Goals were commissioned by the United Nations in 2002 under the auspices of the Millennium Project with the aim of addressing development challenges faced by countries around the world in the areas of health, education, infrastructure, hunger and poverty via a series of time-related targets with a deadline for full achievement by 2015. Energy has typically been shown to be significantly correlated with the Human Development Index for a given country. In a similar manner, it is postulated that the various millennium development goal indicators are significantly correlated with total energy and electricity consumption per capita for a given nation. This study commences with a literature review of the origins and objectives of the Millennium Development Goals, followed by a review of the individual goals, targets and indicators. Some current literature regarding the intent and success to date of the Millennium Development Goals was reviewed to provide context. The link between the social and economic development of man, and access to and usage of energy was also explored. To understand the potential role that energy access and usage plays in economic and social development better, a systems thinking approach was adopted and related to how energy access and usage can impact on the achievement of the Millennium Development Goals. Potential problem co-factors relating to economic, social and sustainable development were identified, following which a system dynamic model is presented, illustrating the interaction between the various co-factors and access to energy and its use. Finally, a quantitative evaluation was performed to determine whether energy usage indicators do exhibit a relationship with the indicators of the Millennium Development Goals as proposed. This is illustrated for goals one through six. Where relationships were visible, empirical models were fitted to the energy and millennium development goal indicator datasets, and the coefficient of determination, which represents the strength of the relationship, was calculated. For each of the millennium development goal and targets, the models which exhibited the strongest relationships were used to assess what change in energy or electricity consumption would be required to accompany the desired change to meet the targets outlined in the Millennium Development Goals.
Sasol
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Macanda, Siviwe Aubrey. "An analysis of rural development in the Eastern Cape: a case study of Intsika municipality." University of the Western Cape, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/4203.
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Masters in Public Administration - MPAIn South Africa, since 1994 when democratic government come into power, the issue of development was raised as one of the priorities of government. Government promised to transform the citizen’s livelihoods through quality, effective and efficient services. Rural development was identified as one of the priorities of government to ensure better life for all the citizens. Local government have been mandated to ensure quality service delivery to the citizens especially to the rural areas. The issue of rural development was still a challenge in South Africa especially in Eastern Cape Province. There was a need to improve service delivery to the rural communities at Intsika Yethu Municipal area as the pace of rural development has been slowly. An infrastructure service is still a challenge to the rural areas at this municipal area as the sanitation is yet to improve. Service delivery has been far less compared to the urban areas. There were signs of improvement but the process has been very slow. The study has determine and analysed the issues that contribute to the slow pace in rural development and reveal some recommendations that might assist to improve the pace of rolling out services at Intsika Yethu municipal rural communities. The findings of the study show that unemployment and poverty to the people residing in rural communities has been one of the major challenges that need serious consideration. The infrastructural situation of the rural communities pushed people of Intsika Yethu to the level of poor socio-economic development which might be contributed by the pace rural development has been approached. The research found that the slow pace in development of rural communities has an impact on the situation they found themselves and therefore intervention strategies to improve the pace of service delivery in rural communities with the intentions of enforcing the local municipality to be accountable and responsible.
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Khaled, Khoaja M. "Tuberculosis (TB) progress toward Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) and DOTS in WHO Eastern Mediterranean Region (EMR)." unrestricted, 2008. http://etd.gsu.edu/theses/available/etd-05022008-152504/.
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Thesis (M.P.H.)--Georgia State University, 2008.Title from file title page. Frances McCarty, committee chair; Derek G. Shendell, co-chair; Ike S Okosun, committee member. Electronic text (140 p. : col. ill., col. maps) : digital, PDF file. Description based on contents viewed July 15, 2008. Includes bibliographical references (p. 103-108).
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Proffen, Volker. "Corporate social responsibility und global governance Entwicklungs-PPP als Unternehmensbeitrag zum Erreichen der millennium development goals." Berlin Weissensee-Verl, 2008. http://d-nb.info/991907353/04.
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Adeka, Saudat O. "The contributions of Sustainable Healthy Workplaces to the Achievement of the Millennium Development Goals in Nigeria." Thesis, University of Bradford, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/17389.
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The study aimed to examine the contributions of two corporate, non-health, transnational, Sustainable Healthy Workplaces (SHWs) to the achievement of the Millennium Development Goals (MDGS) in Nigeria.
The research questions in this study sought to determine the contributions made by SHWs to combating malaria and ‘other diseases’ and ensuring gender equality in health at work, thus ascertaining the contributions of the studied organisations to the MDGs 3 and 6 in Nigeria.
A qualitative, eclectic case study of two SHWs was carried out. Data were sourced through documentary analysis and the use of semi-structured interviews, with 22 and 13 purposive sampled participants at organisations ‘A’ and ‘B’ respectively. Also, descriptive and thematic data analyses were utilised for numerical and textual data respectively, and these analyses were then compared and interpreted.
The results showed that both organisations contributed to the achievement of the two MDGs studied with policies and practices that were available but inadequate. Both implemented relevant and gender-specific policies but conducted inadequate workplace health promotion programmes (WHPPs). Organisation ‘B’ had basic structural facilities to promote healthy lifestyle choices, which were missing at organisation ‘A’. Given this, there was no record of significant levels of non-communicable diseases (NCDs) at organisation ‘B’, unlike organisation ‘A’ with its remarkable record. A decline in reported cases of malaria (a communicable disease - CD) occurred throughout the study period at organisation ‘A’, with the highest recorded in 2012 (25.4%) and the lowest in 2014 (21.8%). No pattern was observed at organisation ‘B’ but the highest incidence of this disease was recorded in 2014 (75.6%) and the lowest in 2013 (30.7%).
At organisation ‘A’, there was a steady rise in sickness absences among male employees, contrary to the documented decline among that of female employees. No consistent pattern was observed regarding sickness absence for gender categories at organisation ‘B’. Deaths were recorded at organisation ‘A’ during the study period, except in 2014 when there were none. Organisation ‘B’ had no recorded mortality throughout the entire study period.
The findings from the literature review, using the Critical Appraisal Skills Programme (CASP) and Clearinghouse for Labour Evaluation and Research (CLEAR) checklists for quality assessment of the selected articles, showed that any effort aimed at preventing and combating diseases while ensuring gender equality in health among the workforce had a positive impact on stakeholders. This led to the most important element of the social and economic development agenda, including the MDGs, being addressed. Additionally, findings from organisations ‘A’ and ‘B’ revealed positive, but inadequate, and varied contributions to the attainment of the MDGs, with better performance recorded at organisation ‘B’. This implied the need for these organisations to have done more in order to make a better contribution to the MDGs. The MDGs had 2015 as their target date, but they have now been replaced by the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Hence, the lesson learnt from MDGs can be transferred to the implementation of the current SDGs, which are termed the ‘Global Goals’.
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Durokifa, Anuoluwapo Abosede. "An assessment of the Millennium Development Goal's poverty reduction target in Ogun State, Nigeria." Thesis, University of Fort Hare, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10353/4649.
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Nigeria, like many nations of the world, is confronted with a high level of poverty. Over the years the country has taken several initiatives to reduce the incidence of poverty. Nigeria was one of the earliest countries to adopt the Millennium Development Goals [MDGs] as a strategy in reducing poverty and promoting development across the vast nation. The federating states have also rolled out a number of poverty reduction programmes tailored along the millennium development goals. This study, therefore, evaluates the achievement of the millennium development poverty reduction target in Ogun State, South west Nigeria. The study seeks to ascertain whether the state was able to significantly reduce poverty with the introduction of the MDGs. The study also attempts to establish difference or similarity (if any) between past poverty reduction policies in the state and the MDGs poverty reduction strategies. In carrying out this study, related literature on poverty, development and poverty reduction efforts (strategies and programmes) implemented in the state were extensively reviewed and relevant information retrieved for the study. This study employed the mixed method research, comprising both the quantitative and qualitative data. Quantitative data through the administration of a questionnaire was obtained from 232 respondents. While in-depth interview with seven participants provided the qualitative data. Quantitative data was analyzed using Descriptive statistics, and chi-square statistical technique was used to analyze the quantitative data while qualitative data analysis was carried out using transcription and thematic clusters. The findings of the study, in general, revealed that the MDG poverty reduction strategy did not make any significant contribution in reducing poverty in the state. The MDG strategy was not any different from past poverty reduction strategies implemented in the state. The findings of the research also strongly indicated that there was low awareness regarding the MDGs poverty reduction strategies set up amongst the citizens of the state. The low awareness emerged as a major hindrance to the success of the MDG programme. Based on the findings of this study, a sustainable development poverty reduction model was developed. The model gives room for programme awareness; people’s consultation and participation. It emphasizes the need to consider the community setting or environment factors in the planning and execution of poverty reduction programme. This model contend that aligning strategies to the peculiar need of each environment is a critical component for the sustenance of any poverty reduction programme.
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Nyawuyanga, Tafadzwa Maggie. "Corporate social responsibility as a tool to accelerate the achievement of development goals in Zimbabwe." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/4771.
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Magister Legum - LLMThe aim of this study is to critically analyse corporate social responsibility as a tool to accelerate the achievement of development goals in Zimbabwe. The main question is how CSR can be used to speed up the achievement of development goals? The paper will focus on how CSR can be used to achieve national development goals and MDGs that will soon be integrated into SDGs. Attention will be paid to MDG1 which goal is to eradicate extreme poverty and hunger; and MDG 5 which aims to improve maternal health and national development goals in Zimbabwe. The research is guided by the following objectives: 1. To examine international, regional and national legal frameworks that seek to promote corporate social responsibility in Zimbabwe. 2. To establish the connection between CSR and development goals in Zimbabwe, and explore how CSR can be used as a tool to fast-track the achievement of national development goals and UN development goals. The paper will investigate the efforts made by the Zimbabwean government to eradicate extreme poverty and hunger and to improve maternal health. The two MDGs are proving to be difficult to be achieved by the end of 2015. 3. To recommend measures that would facilitate the promotion of CSR into Zimbabwean companies and assist the government in achieving the developmental goals within the specified time frame.
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URAGUCHI, Zenebe Bashaw. "The Role of Aid Allocation in Some Aspects of Food Security in Northern Ethiopia:Micro Analysis." 名古屋大学大学院国際開発研究科, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2237/14051.
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Sias, Mercia. "The role of the public library in realizing the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs): A case study of Groenheuwel Public Library." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/5168.
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Magister Bibliothecologiae - MBiblThe Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) is a tool through which the present government in South Africa wants to implement transformation in regard with raising the standard of living of the people in all spheres of life. Libraries are often seen as important agencies for information dissemination and other services. Public libraries have a vital role to play in the achievement of the MDGs. Stakeholders all over the spectrum need to collaborate with libraries to achieve these goals by 2015. The study investigated the role of the public library in realising some of the MDGs by means of a case study of Groenheuwel Public Library. The aim of this case study was to determine how this public library contributes to the development of Groenheuwel. Empirical research techniques were used to determine whether public libraries contribute to the well-being of the community of Groenheuwel and to the achievement of certain targets for the Millennium Development Goals. The Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) provide a framework for libraries and information services to develop and align their strategies and access their contribution towards their countries (Kaniki, 2008:16). The methodology applied was a quantitative questionnaire which included open-ended questions, which explored the role of the public library in the respondents' lives. The study made use of random sampling; the population of the study was adult library users. Every third library user was asked to complete a questionnaire over a period of two weeks. The data collected, informed the researcher what the purpose of the adult users' visit to the library was and whether the library addresses MDGs directly or indirectly. The findings should provide empirical evidence of the impact of public libraries, with reference to Groenheuwel public library, in addressing some of the Millennium Development Goals. The researcher hopes that this study will convince local government and decision makers to expand the library to a bigger library, to render an effective and efficient library service with added staff members and that the community find the library valuable and vital for their information needs.
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Kayembe, Lidia. "The Health of Nations: Three Essays In Health Economics." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/31510.
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Three essays form this thesis which addresses the effectiveness of interventions aimed at attaining two health Millennium Development Goals (MDG) set by the United Nations: a 2/3rds reduction by 2015 of 1990 child mortality rates (MDG4) and 3/4th reduction of 1990 maternal mortality rates by the same date (MDG5). The first chapter assesses the relative efficiency of 85 countries at using these interventions for the reduction of child and maternal mortality. It teases out the extent to which mortality reduction is a result of the interventions themselves as opposed to the context in which they are implemented. A three step procedure which includes Data Envelopment Analysis indicates that efficiency is mainly driven by context.
Chapter 2 addresses the association between the 2000-2008 rates of change of interventions and the rate of change of mortality. It uses finite mixture modeling to take account of the possibility that there may be underlying heterogeneity in the mortality reduction functions of the 32 sub-Saharan African countries studied. Results support this hypothesis and show that an intervention may exhibit increasing returns to scale in some countries and decreasing returns to scale in others.
Chapter 3 assesses the link between interventions and mortality rates and examines cost minimizing scenarios for attaining MDG4 and MDG5 in 27 sub-Saharan African countries. Lagged data on interventions predicts mortality rates (by OLS) to take into account the potential reverse causality between the two. Results indicate that achieving MDG mortality targets at the least possible cost invariably requires very substantive increases in medical human resources, yet training physicians has not been the main objective of public health organizations. Furthermore, improving the context in which interventions are implemented - increasing female literacy or effectiveness of political stability- allows countries to reach mortality targets with substantially lower levels of interventions (including, much lower levels of physician density).
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Grimstedt, Ånestrand Hanna. "“Now we are becoming partners” Implementing Ecological Sanitation in rural Tanzania- With an action research approach." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för geovetenskaper, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-260680.
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Poor sanitation is a huge problem in third world countries today; every year 1,5 million children die due to diarrheal diseases caused by poor sanitation. International policies such as The Millennium Development Goals (MDGs), which will be replaced by the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) in September 2015, have been set by the international community as tools to decrease the poverty in the world today, and problems that emerged from it such as poor sanitation. Participatory methods are emphasise to receive the goals as well as new working methods to shift the development paradigm from marked oriented towards sustainable development, which means that also the Earth’s well-being must be included in the SDGs. Ecological sanitation (Eco-san) is a system that reuses the human waste back to grooving activities, and can improve the situation in all three areas of sustainable development, i.e. economical, environmental and social development with it’s reusing approach. Participation in implementation of Eco-san system is important for enabling sustainable projects as well as receive better acceptance for the reuse approach. The research presented in this thesis had the aim to improve the sanitation situation by introducing and implementing Eco-san in a rural area in the Northern part of Tanzania by using an action oriented research approach. The participants together with the researcher developed the project to further see the interpretations of Eco-san and possibilities to implement Eco-san in the area as well as if the action research was a convenient way to introduce such a project. The study was conducted in two cycles were critical theory and diffusion of innovation were used as analysis tools for the introduction and implementation of the toilets. The findings from the first cycle showed that the participants were willing to learn about Eco-san by observing the idea through a demonstration toilet. Therefore the second cycle lead to implementation of Eco-san in a school of the area. These toilets are today in use and managed by the students at the school. Participating approach has therefore been a successful working method were the participants gained the knowledge they needed to develop and improve their situation. This can further be argued as a valuable approach for other development projects and to meet the upcoming SDGs. However, further action and education to other village members outside the school and up scaling possibilities in the community are needed.
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Åhrgren, Johan. "Glokala kampanjer mot fattigdom : Kommunikationsstrategier bakom statliga Världens Chans och ideella Utrota Fattigdomen Nu." Thesis, Uppsala University, Media and Communication, 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-7504.
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Purpose/Aim: The purpose is to describe, analyze and compare the two communication campaigns Världens Chans and Utrota Fattigdomen Nu, and discuss how and to what extent communication campaigns in Sweden can be used to reduce global poverty. The theoretical framework is mainly based on communications strategies and other relevant aspects of the planning process of campaigns.
Material/Method: Within the qualitative case study as an overall method, the main material to the two cases is obtained through five qualitative interviews with the premier representatives of the campaigns.
Main results: Världens Chans can be seen as an information campaign by the government which purpose is to contribute to the fulfilment of the millennium goals by drawing the attention of the public to their existence. Utrota Fattigdomen Nu, on the other hand, is an influence campaign by the civil society which purpose is to exterminate poverty by putting a pressure on power holders and to change the attitudes and the behaviours among the public. Both campaigns are based on a network with lots of different actors, functioning as opinion makers. Furthermore, communication campaigns are important tools in the fight against poverty.
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Pugh, Michael C. "The political economy of peacebuilding: a critical theory perspective." Taipei, Taiwan : Published by Formosa College, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/4181.
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yesThe ideology of the liberal peace has propelled the political economies of war-torn societies into a scheme of global convergence towards ¿market liberalisation¿. This orthodoxy was an uncontestable assumption underlying external economic assistance. However, the project faltered under its inherent contradictions and because it ignored the socio-economic problems confronting war-torn societies, even aggravating them by increasing the vulnerability of populations to poverty and shadow economic activity. Although revisionists have embarked on a mission to boost the UN¿s peacebuilding capacity and also rescue the Millennium Development Goals, the basic assumptions of the liberal peace are not challenged and potential alternatives are overlooked.
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Diko, Stephen K. "Setting a New International Development Agenda for West African Countries after 2015 – Moving Beyond the Millenium Development Goals." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1397467782.
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Welsche, Sarah-Elen. "Implementierung der UN-Millennium Development Goals in der VR China seit der Jahrtausendwende Eine kritische Betrachtung des Fortschritts Chinas am Beispiel des Millennium-Entwicklungsziels, Schulbildung für alle Jungen und Mädchen /." St. Gallen, 2008. http://www.biblio.unisg.ch/org/biblio/edoc.nsf/wwwDisplayIdentifier/03600749001/$FILE/03600749001.pdf.
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Toriola, AL, LO Amusa, DI Musa, and VK Moselakgomo. "Integration of millennium development goals into Physical Education programme: A qualitative analysis of the perception of Nigerian university lecturers." African Journal for Physical, Health Education, Recreation and Dance, 2009. http://encore.tut.ac.za/iii/cpro/DigitalItemViewPage.external?sp=1001471.
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Abstract
In 2002 the United Nations (UN) convened an
Inter Agency Task Force on sport for development
and peace with the aim of reviewing activities
concerning sport in the UN system and designing
strategies to promote more systematic and coherent
use of sport in facilitating development and peace
activi ties, especially at the community level. The
UN also empha sised the potential role of sport in
achieving the Mil lennium Development Goals
(MDGs). Recommendations at several
international events, e.g. MINEPS III (Berlin,
Germany in 1999) and the International
Conference on Sport and Development
(Magglingen, Switzerland in 2003), with a follow
up conference in Magglingen, Switze rland, 2005;
have consistent ly implicated physical education a s
the right vehicle through which sport can be
effectively uti lized as a tool to promote
development and peace, particularly at the
community level such as in plus sport act ivities.
However, recent trends suggest that a gap exists
between the expectations of the UN in terms of
sustainable human development and how graduates
of physical education and sports studies in
universities are prepared to meet these new
challenges. This hypothesis was tested in 11
Nigerian universities specifically to analyse the
lecturers’ views concerning the need and feasibility
to teach contemporary physical education courses
within the context of human development. The
findings were analysed qualitat ively and
conclusions drawn based on its implications for
achieving the MDGs in African countries.
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Maher, Edmond. "How and why universal primary education was selected as a Millennium Development Goal : a case study." Thesis, University of Bath, 2016. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.687307.
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Between 2000 and 2015 the Millennium Development Goals were the focus of much global attention and activity. They were selected in light of astounding poverty, with over 1 billion people at the time living on less than $1 per day. In a sense the MDGs were morally undeniable. The focus of this study is MDG2, universal primary education. It sets out to establish how and why MDG2 came to be selected. Whilst its selection seems obvious, for years developing countries complained about the short-sightedness of prioritising primary over secondary and tertiary education (Klees 2008). A task force commissioned by the World Bank and UNESCO at the time showed that the Bank’s rate of return analysis on primary education was flawed. It argued that developing countries need highly educated people to be economic and social entrepreneurs, develop good governance, strong institutions and infrastructure. In this way MDG2’s selection is problematic. Using case study method, first the literature is examined. Three hypotheses are generated: one based on a rational synoptic theory, one on critical theory and one on world society theory. A range of data are used to establish findings and test hypotheses. The study then considers implications of the findings for theory and the policy process. The findings show that priorities promoting more equal opportunities, such as MDG2, were gradually preferred. Whereas priorities promoting more equal outcomes, such as elimination of trade barriers, were gradually excluded. The study finds no evidence that the General Assembly ever voted on the list of 8 MDGs. Rather, the MDGs were selected by elite policy actors, addressing multiple interests. The study considers the assertion that marginalization of the poor does not happen because people harbor ill will toward them, rather because “The poor have no friends among the global elite” (Pogge 2011, p. 62).
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D'Ambruoso, Lucia. "Global health post-2015 : the case for universal health equity." Umeå universitet, Epidemiologi och global hälsa, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-71419.
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Set in 2000, with a completion date of 2015, the deadline for the Millennium Development Goals is approaching, at which time a new global development infrastructure will become operational. Unsurprisingly, the discussions on goals, topics, priorities and monitoring and evaluation are gaining momentum. But this is a critical juncture. Over a decade of development programming offers a unique opportunity to reflect on its structure, function and purpose in a contemporary global context. This article examines the topic from an analytical health perspective and identifies universal health equity as an operational and analytical priority to encourage attention to the root causes of unnecessary and unfair illness and disease from the perspectives of those for whom the issues have most direct relevance.
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Edholm, Fredrik. "Education for all in Tanzania : A case study of the MDG footprint in Babati." Thesis, Södertörn University College, School of Life Sciences, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-2710.
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The aim of this paper is to investigate the impact of free education for all on the primary schools in Babati, Tanzania. The study is based on the fieldwork carried out in Babati district Tanzania, where information was gathered through qualitative methods. The empirical findings are analysed using a World Bank model of how educational inputs affects welfare outcomes. The study examines the millennium development goal with respect to giving every child an education. The study shows that a bigger impact can be seen in an increased enrolment in schools. That was the result of removing the primary school fees. This has resulted in overcrowding in the primary schools, lack of enough teachers, classrooms and learning material. However, over time the performances have improved. In the short term, the removal of school fees increased enrolment but resulted in poor quality of the education. In the long term, these problems are decreasing and the educational sector can now provide education to children that could not afford it before.
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Colenso, Peter John. "Building a theoretical framework to understand the role of aid in achieving the education Millennium Development Goals in fragile states." Thesis, University of Sussex, 2011. http://sro.sussex.ac.uk/id/eprint/6967/.
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This thesis aims to build a theory for understanding the role of aid in achieving the education Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) in fragile states. In so doing, it responds to claims that both educational research (see e.g. Cohen et al., 2000), and the economic literature on aid and international development (see e.g. Deaton, 2008), are insufficiently grounded in theory. In finding a methodological voice for this thesis, I distinguish between three research paradigms: positivist, interpretive and critical theory. I ask whether theory is essentially a positivist project, better suited to quantitative methods and to the natural sciences. I argue for a 'mixed-method' approach, proposing that when qualitative methods generate data that are subjected to a stronger process of generalisation – including comparison between data derived from qualitative and quantitative methods, and from macro and micro level analysis – then that evidence may be sufficiently strong to underpin theory. I use a four step process to build theory: (i) categorising data into domains for analysis, (ii) hypothesising linkages between these domains, (iii) investigating these hypotheses through assessing the evidence supporting them, (iv) organising hypotheses into a theoretical framework. To assess the strength of evidence in support of each hypothesis, I use an instrument to ‘grade the evidence', based on a threefold assessment of method, observer bias and corroboration. I include evidence from new research conducted for this thesis, including: a portfolio analysis of 145 DFID education projects in fragile states (1991-2007), and an analysis of primary data collected for the 2008 DFID ‘Education Portfolio Review'. The findings of this research confirm a potential relationship between aid inputs and education outcomes in fragile states. Positing that this relationship might work through intermediate financing and institutional effects, it finds weak evidence for the former, but stronger evidence for the latter. With both aid and non-aid inputs (e.g. diplomacy, military engagement), external inputs appear better at supporting existing incipient reform than generating that reform, suggesting that donors should adopt a more modest and opportunistic approach to aid, as opposed to deploying a ‘transformational' blueprint (Easterly, 2009). The inter-dependence between aid inputs and non-aid inputs points to the importance of deploying instruments within a single approach to strategy and possibly delivery. There is relatively strong evidence for ‘pre-conditions' for successful interventions – proposed here as political will, community ownership and security / stability – whereas evidence for conventional proxies of ‘aid effectiveness' is weak relative to the importance generally ascribed to it. The evidence linking education and social stability is mixed, and weakly researched in developing country contexts – potentially significant for critical theorists who question the wisdom and motives of donor governments investing in education to counter radicalisation. I conclude by assessing whether the theory generated has validity or utility. I assess the theory against five key characteristics of theory: empirical grounding; explanatory power; predictive power; utility; verification / falsification. I conclude that my theory has explanatory power and utility, but that claims to generalisability are weak, given the importance of context. The thesis and its product (the ‘theory') provide a framework that advances our understanding of the relationships between aid and education outcomes in fragile states. It tests the evidence base for these proposed relationships and, notwithstanding limits of generalisability, offers a narrative and framework with practical utility for future research, policy development and programming.
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Marquis, Danika Ewen. "Ties that bind: a critical discourse analysis of the coverage of the Millennium Development Goals in the Mail and Guardian." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1015462.
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This study analysed the representation of the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) in the Mail and Guardian from 2000 to 2007. It drew on perspectives from cultural studies, the constructionist approach to representation and the sociology of news production. Through the use of the quantitative and qualitative research methods, content analysis and critical discourse analysis, this study established first, that few significant changes have occurred within the newspaper's coverage of the MDGs during this period, and second, that the people most affected by the MDGs and affiliated programmes are seriously under-represented and that the manner of representation marginalises and subordinates them.
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Paul, Franziska, and Eva-Maria Paul. "A Decade to Deliver : The Implementation Progress of the 17 Sustainable Development Goals in the Private Sector." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Företagsekonomi, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-172403.
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As a response to the ‘Grand Challenges’ of the 21st century such as climate change and social inequalities, the achievement of the 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), released by the United Nations in 2015, became a matter of urgency. The SDGs are a continuation of the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) aiming to cover an even broader scope of social, environmental and economic challenges. To ensure that the 2030 Agenda, represented by 17 goals and 169 underlying targets, becomes a positive force for all available resources have to act in concert. Governments, NGOs, civil society and the private sector bear the responsibility to guide the way of transformation towards a more sustainable future. However, the most significant shift regarding the development of the SDGs has been the central role of the private sector that is considered to be a key player towards the accomplishment of the 2030 Agenda. In order examine the role and contribution of the private sector, the thesis aims to contribute to previous research within a five-step investigation: (1) analysis of which business opportunities or challenges emerge out of active involvement with the SDGs, (2) how partnerships or collaborations can contribute to a more effective implementation process, (3) whether goal prioritization is of relevance to advance the progress of SDG implementation, (4) how the SDG progress can be measured, reported and communicated and lastly (5) how effectively (Swedish) companies have currently managed to implement the Global Goals into their business operations. Based on the review of the literature and the identified research gaps, the following research question has been formulated to gain in-depth knowledge and investigate the phenomenon of the overall research purpose: RQ: How do companies in the private sector implement the SDGs into their business operations and what are the determinants that drive the progress of the implementation? This study has been conducted through a qualitative research approach consisting of interviews with private sector representatives, governmental and non-governmental organizations. The framework for this study is based on three elements of theory: (1) Stakeholder Theory by Edward Freeman (1984), outlining how sustainable development can be approached with a stakeholder mindset, (2) the Triple-Bottom-Line approach by Elkington (1997) characterized by efforts to localize universal concepts of sustainability and (3) Sustainable Business Model Innovation represented by the Flourishing Business Model Canvas (Upward 2013, 2016) and the Triple Layered Business Model Canvas (Joyce and Paquin, 2016) supporting individuals and organizations seeking competitive sustainability-oriented change. The main conclusion of this research includes the requirement of a shift of how the Global Goals are approached by the private sector. SDG implementation or sustainable actions in general are not to be seen as an add on but need to be actively integrated into core business operations. However, to initiate fruitful change the expected role of the private sector needs to be clearly communicated. Identified actions to drive the progress of SDG implementation range from increased partnership engagement, the prioritization of goals up to the measurement and reporting on sustainable efforts taken. Finally, Credible Sustainability Standards turned out to be the most promising solution to eradicate many of the by our participants identified shortcomings of the Global Goals.
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Eshuchi, Joshua Caleb Amunga [Verfasser]. "The Millennium Development Goals and educational justice: a critical realist analysis of capability deprivation in Kenyan education policy / Joshua Caleb Amunga Eshuchi." Bielefeld : Universitätsbibliothek Bielefeld, 2014. http://d-nb.info/1074999061/34.
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Ness, Sarah J. "Evaluation of School VIP Latrines and User Preferences and Motivations for Adopting Communal Sanitation Technologies in Zwedru, Liberia." Scholar Commons, 2015. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/5751.
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This thesis has three objectives as follows: 1) to investigate VIP latrine design and establish if the communal school VIP latrines located on the shared campus of Tubman Wilson Institute (TWI) Junior and Senior High School and J.C. Barlee Elementary School were properly designed and constructed, 2) to explore the user preferences and motivations impacting the adoption of these school latrines, and 3) to develop a framework for factors that influence latrine adoption. These goals were formed by the author in response to her Peace Corps experience working at a high school in Zwedru, Liberia from August 2012 to August 2014 and her personal background in appropriate sanitation and environmental engineering.
To complete the first thesis objective, the author conducted a detailed literature review and then compared accepted guidelines for VIP latrines to the sanitation facilities located on the TWI campus. The literature review investigated proper design of ventilated improved pit (VIP) latrines, school sanitation guidelines, and recommendations for sanitation in Liberia. The research focus latrines were two blocks of six stall multicompartment alternating twin-pit VIP latrines. The author conducted observations of the communal school latrines in order to compare the design and construction of these specific latrines to accepted criteria and recommendations from literature. It was found that the latrine vent pipes, cover slabs, drop holes, and pit design all appear to be designed and constructed per national Liberian and international recommendations. However, the TWI school latrines do not comply with standards for several other latrine design criteria. The latrine superstructures are built with privacy walls located in front of the boys’ and girls’ stalls and the entranceway doors do not have air gaps. These two features may impair critical odor-controlling air flow from the superstructure through the pit and out the vent pipe. The siting of the school latrines is also inconsistent with guidelines as the latrines are located too close to the classroom building and to the school’s water pump. Finally, the ratio of people to latrines on the shared TWI/J.C. Barlee campus is higher than the recommendation of 20-40 students per latrine, or when necessary 60 students per latrine.
The second research objective was to investigate user perceptions of the communal latrines and identify factors that motivate latrine adoption on the Liberian school campus. The design deficiencies identified in the evaluation of thesis objective one were found to impact the user preferences regarding the school latrines. This is apparent from user comments in the surveys that were conducted with 709 participants (students from grades four to twelve, administrators, faculty, and staff) at the study site. User perceptions of the cleanliness, safety, and comfort of the school facilities were varied. For example, 51% of total respondents (n = 709) expressed that the school latrines were dirty or very dirty, while 48% claimed the latrines were clean or very clean. When asked about the safety of the communal latrines, 52% of survey participants said the sanitation facilities were not safe or very unsafe; 47% asserted that the latrines were safe or very safe. Survey participants also had mixed responses about the comfort of the communal sanitation technology: 51% of the 709 survey participants stated that the latrines were not comfortable or very uncomfortable, while 46% declared the facilities were comfortable or very comfortable. The open-ended survey questions allowed respondents to comment on positive and negative aspects of the communal school VIP latrines. Again answers included various responses, but several key themes arose, including smell and odor, latrine construction components, presence of feces in and around the latrines, the use of the facilities by outside community members, and health impacts of latrine use.
The final thesis objective was to develop a framework of the factors that impact adoption of communal school latrines. The author originally assumed that user preferences and latrine adoption were directly correlated, but survey results suggest that the two factors may be independently influenced. This is based on the usage rates, 77% total survey participants stating that they use the latrines and 88% of these affirmative respondents explaining that they use the latrines daily, multiple times a week, or weekly. Although these adoption rates are quite high, satisfaction rates for latrine cleanliness, safety, and comfort are merely 50%, as previously described. VIP latrine design factors, like odor control and door construction, and communal sanitation facility characteristics, such as operation and maintenance, may prompt latrine adoption. Individual user traits, such as age, gender, and type and availability of household sanitation technology appear to have a lesser impact on latrine adoption. However, the grade level of the student respondents may have played a role in their responses because of the methods in which the survey was administered and the common practice of cheating.
Additional research should be conducted to further understand the factors that impact the adoption of communal sanitation facilities on school campuses. This study accomplished its three main research objectives, yet further research and practical applications must be applied to improve school sanitation in Liberia and worldwide.
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Aduba, Nkeiruka Adaobi. "Million flickering embers : a multidisciplinary analysis of child mortality in Uganda." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/18617.
Full textAbstract:
The issue of child mortality is currently under international spotlight, as the rates of neonatal and under five mortality are sobering. „About 29,000 children under the age of five [approximately] 21 each minute die every day, mainly from preventable causes‟. Although there has been a decline in global child mortality rates since 1990, sub-Saharan Africa still has the highest rates, where one child in eight dies before age five. As contained in the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) 2010 report, in 2008, sub-Saharan Africa bore half of the 8.8 million deaths in children under five.Thesis (LLM (Human Rights and Democratisation in Africa))--University of Pretoria, 2012.
http://www.chr.up.ac.za/
nf2012
Centre for Human Rights
LLM
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Kumalo, Deliwe Maria. "Parents' perceptions of the food consumption practices and nutrition-related needs in a resource-constrained community." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/60950.
Full textAbstract:
The purpose of this study was to investigate parents' perceptions of the food consumption practices and nutrition-related needs in a resource-constrained community, in terms of daily eating patterns, current knowledge and attitudes with regards to food choice, food production and food preparation, as well as community-based nutrition-related needs and information to be included in an intervention aimed at community-wide health and well-being. The study forms part of a broader research project, which aims to facilitate health and well-being in resource-constrained communities, in support of reaching identified Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) and Sustainable Developmental Goals (SDGs).
Interpretivism was utilised as meta-theoretical lens and a qualitative research approach was followed. I selected Bronfenbrenner's Ecosystems Theory as guiding framework for the current study. A Participatory Reflection and Action (PRA) research design was utilised to generate data with 22 purposefully selected parents from three primary schools in the Bronkhorstspruit area. Data were generated and documented through PRA-based workshops, observation, visual techniques, field notes and a reflective journal.
Following inductive thematic analysis, five themes and related sub-themes emerged. The first theme relates to the daily eating patterns of the community, reflecting food consumed during breakfast, lunch and dinner. Secondly, healthy eating practices were identified as a theme, indicating that community members had a clear understanding of what healthy eating practices entails, available resources to inform healthy eating practices and current informational needs in terms of healthy eating practices. The third theme highlights food preparation practices, where women take responsibility for food preparation by means of a variety of methods. The fourth theme emphasises food purchasing practices, where community members buy from larger chain-stores, local shops and informal traders. Finally, the fifth theme indicates food production practices, where community members prefer to grow their own vegetables.
Based on the findings it can be concluded that this community's food consumption patterns are primarily affected by factors in the macrosystem, namely poverty and unemployment. At the macro-level, access to healthy food, cost of healthy food and the influence of the media are aspects influencing the perceptions and decisions of community members such as parents. Changed food consumption practices and nutrition-related needs within the community may, in turn, effect change in the macrosystem by informing related future interventions.Dissertation (MEd)--University of Pretoria, 2016.
Educational Psychology
MEd
Unrestricted
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Ntanjana, Akho. "Millennium development goals ( MDGs ) and women - the implementation of article 10 ( 3 ) of the protocol on the rights of women in South Africa." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/18621.
Full textAbstract:
Few would deny that the Republic of South Africa (South Africa) has achieved a lot in its quest to improve the pressing social challenges (such as poverty; illiteracy; HIV/AIDS; crime prevalence; preventable diseases, and high levels unemployment). It must be firmly said that these social ills generally affect everyone – particularly the historically marginalised group in South Africa. However, there are also few who would deny that South African women (including the girl-child), as it is the case elsewhere in Africa suffer disproportionately that their male counterparts. Some have supported the view that gender discrimination is the main source of women’s disempowerment today. For instance, society has accepted consciously or otherwise that women are inferior to men and as such cannot take part both in public and private spheres of life. It is nevertheless not the object of this study to delve into to the complex and often misunderstood causes of women’s marginalisation in South Africa.Thesis (LLM (Human Rights and Democratisation in Africa))--University of Pretoria, 2011.
http://www.chr.up.ac.za/
nf2012
Centre for Human Rights
LLM
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Hollström, Tosteberg Karin. "Skolan i Tanzania med fokus på läs- och skrivsvårigheter : några jämförelser med Sverige." Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Specialpedagogiska institutionen, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-88797.
Full textAbstract:
Syftet med den här studien har varit att lära känna skolsystemet i utvecklingslandet Tanzania för att kunna ge en bild av vilka möjligheter lärare där har att stödja elever med läs- och skrivsvårigheter. För att bättre förstå under vilka premisser lärare i Tanzania arbetar har vissa jämförelser gjorts med svenska förhållanden. Genom att studera Tanzanias policydokument har jag fått en bild av hur Tanzanias regering vill att den tanzaniska skolan ska se ut. Frågan är om den bilden stämmer överrens med den bild lärare i Tanzania ger. För att ta reda på det åkte jag till Tanzania där jag genomförde intervjuer i grundskolor och på ett universitet där man utbildar specialpedagoger/speciallärare. Som kom-plement svarade några andra lärare i Tanzania på en enkät som handlade om hur de ser på barn med läs- och skrivsvårigheter och på sina möjligheter att stödja dessa barns utveckling. Samma enkät dela-des ut till några lärare i Sverige. På så sätt fick jag en kontrasterande bild att spegla de Tanzaniska förhållandena i. På många sätt har lärare i Sverige och i Tanzania väldigt olika förutsättningar. Men det finns även likheter. Både i Sverige och i Tanzania upplever lärare att kraven från statligt håll är svåra att uppfylla och i båda länderna finns det många hängivna lärare som vill jobba för att kunna hjälpa alla barn till en god utbildning.The aim of this study has been to learn more about the school system in the developing country of Tanzania in order to give an idea of what opportunities there are for teachers in Tanzania to support students with dyslexia. For a better understanding of the premises teachers in Tanzania have some comparisons with Swedish conditions been made. By studying the Tanzanian policy documents I have got a picture of how the government of Tanzania want the Tanzanian school to be. The question is whether that image is in compliance with what teachers in Tanzania can give. To find out, I went to Tanzania where I conducted interviews in primary schools and at a university where they train special needs teachers. As a complement a few other teachers in Tanzania answered a questionnaire about how they look at children with reading and writing difficulties and how they experience their opportunities to support these children's development. The same questionnaire was distributed to some teachers in Sweden. In this way I got a contrasting picture that I could use to reflect the Tanzanian situation. In many ways, teachers in Sweden and in Tanzania have very different conditions. But there are also similarities. Both in Sweden and in Tanzania teachers experience that the requirements of the governments are difficult to encounter and in both countries there are many dedicated teachers who wish to help all children to get a good education.
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von, Jahf Heidi, and Paulina Huhtilainen. "Sustainable practices & marketing strategies for developing countries : A multiple case study of international firms operating on the Malaysian market." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för marknadsföring (MF), 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-43736.
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As the traditional role of corporate entities have been challenged by an increased number of demands from society, companies are no longer just legal factors intended to generate profits by supplying products or services. Instead, they are expected to play the role of responsible co-citizens of the community, taking social and environmental responsibility for the consequences of their actions. Implementing sustainable practices into business strategies is considered beneficial for both organizations and society, as it brings organizations opportunities for growth and development, as well as a more sustainable future for society. One way for businesses to ensure their responsibilities regarding sustainability issues and maintaining sustainable business practices has been depicted in the United Nation’s eight goals termed the ‘Millennium Development Goals’ (MDGs). Previous research argues that organizations must incorporate sustainable practices into their different organizational strategies such as marketing, purchasing, and finance in order to maintain organizational growth and contribute to sustainable development. This issue has become especially important in developing countries as emerging markets compose great opportunities for businesses in terms of growth and development. An emerging market and developing country providing humongous growth opportunities for businesses is Malaysia. However, limited research has been conducted connecting the concepts sustainable development and marketing strategies, and how these may lead to an accelerated achievement of the MDGs within developing countries. In order to answer the purpose of the study, a qualitative approach using open, - and semistructured interviews together with observations was chosen as the most appropriate research method. Four international firms operating on the Malaysian market participated in the study and the findings indicated that having a well-developed sustainability marketing strategy and striving for a sustainable future does bring organizations competitive advantage and growth opportunities, and thereby an accelerated achievement of the MDGs.
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Wekesa, Brunhilda. "Mödradödlighet i lågresursländer." Thesis, Sophiahemmet Högskola, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:shh:diva-2113.
Full textAbstract:
SAMMANFATTNING Bakgrund: Varje år dör över 300 000 kvinnor i komplikationer relaterad till graviditet och förlossning. Milleniemålen som syftar till att minska mödradödlighet med 75 procent mellan åren 2000-2015 har inte uppnåtts. Kvinnor dör i samband med graviditets och eller barnafödande och mest drabbade är kvinnor i lågresursländer, det vill säga Afrika Söder om Sahara, Nordafrika, Mellanöstern, Sydostasien, respektive Sydasien. För att främja en hållbar utveckling bör olika faktorer beaktas för att eliminera fattigdom, förbättra infrastruktur, utarbeta abortpolicier och lagar, befrämja befintliga moderskapsprogram, samarbete mellan regeringar och hälsosjukvårdssystem, öka allmänhetens medvetenhet och investeringar samt fler barnmorskor särskild på landsbygden, för att möta behoven. Syfte: Att belysa faktorer som orsakar mödradödlighet i lågresursländer samt att beskriva det preventiva arbetet för att minska mödradödligheten. Metod: En systematisk litteraturöversikt valdes att besvara studiens syfte. PubMed och Cinahl är databaserna som användes. Sjutton originalartiklar inkluderades i studien. Resultat: Tre huvudkategorier och fem underkategorier identifierades. Huvudkategorierna var: Direkta obstetriska orsaker till mödradödlighet, Indirekta orsaker till mödradödlighet samt Prevention. Underkategorierna som identifierades var: Före partus, Efter partus, Sjukdom hos modern, De tre fördröjningarna samt Kulturella faktorer. Slutsats Resultatet visade att orsakerna till mödradödlighet i lågresursländer är mångfacetterade. Det beror dels på obefintliga resurser samt hur prioriteringar görs av ländernas beslutsfattare. Faktorer som kultur, religion, utbildning och fattigdom var hinder som försvårade vårdkontakten som också bidrog till en ökad mödradödlighet. Det är viktigt att i det preventiva arbetet identifierar kvinnor i riskzon för att dö i samband med graviditet och förlossning i tid för att kunna ingripa och förhindra mödradödligheten.
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Adams, Emily. "Carbon Dioxide (CO2) Emissions, Human Energy, and Cultural Perceptions Associated with Traditional and Improved Methods of Shea Butter Processing in Ghana, West Africa." Scholar Commons, 2015. https://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/5444.
Full textAbstract:
The shea tree is indigenous to 21 countries in Sub-Saharan Africa and provides nuts from which oil (referred to as butter) can be extracted. Shea butter production in the Northern Region of Ghana is of socioeconomic importance to female processors who practice shea production. This study quantified the environmental effects of shea processing from carbon dioxide emissions and the human energy expended through the traditional, improved, and centralized methods of shea processing. Par-boiling accounted for up to 88% of total carbon dioxide emissions throughout the entire shea butter production process. A difference of 2.5(CO2 (kg))/(Shea butter (kg)) emitted observed between the traditional and centralized processing methods. The moisture content of 16 firewood samples collected at the centralized processing center found wood moisture to range between 9-34%. The largest amounts of human energy expended during traditional and improved processes take place during the nut collection process followed by manual crushing (40% and 20% of total energy expended during the traditional method, respectively). Women in the study area were found to travel an average of 10 km to pay for a corn mill to process their shea kernels into a paste, producers also expressed interest in mechanized crushing machines during household surveys. User perceptions of the improved roasting equipment were found to be positive, as well as adoption of the new technology was observed by all shea producers surveyed in the village of Tigla. The entirety of individual producers surveyed without access to improved roasters expressed interest in obtaining and utilizing improved roasters to improve the traditional method currently practiced. The profit observed from shea kernel processing and sales was found to be higher than women practicing traditional shea butter processing and sales due to time, energy, and inputs required by completing the entire process. Butter producers at centralized processing centers have the opportunity to make up to 33% higher profits while utilizing less energy (54% reduction) by purchasing directly from kernel producers and implementing improved technologies in a centralized setting. The potential of shea production in northern Ghana has yet to be reached. Through adoption of improved technologies, women have the opportunity to save time and human energy, reduce material inputs such as firewood, and in turn are able produce an even greater amount of marketable shea products.
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Chakaingesu, Chikomborero. "Synthesis and structure-activity relationship studies of 1,4-naphthoquinone derivatives as potential anti-trypanosomal agents." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1020959.
Full textAbstract:
Human African Trypanosomiasis (HAT) is an infectious, vector-borne protozoal disease which is amongst the so-called neglected diseases. In 2000, at a summit of the United Nations, eight Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) were set, to be achieved by 2015. MDG 6 states “to combat HIV/AIDS, malaria & other diseases”. With just under 2 years to go before the end of 2015, HAT is still thriving in developing countries. The drugs currently used for the treatment of HAT are in short supply, have severe side effects and those used to treat late stages of the disease are very difficult to administer. The aforementioned challenges call for research into this neglected disease in order to develop new, safe and easy-to-use medicines. Naphthoquinones are a class of compounds shown to possess anti-parasitic activity, amongst a variety of other biological activities, and therefore this pharmacophore was selected for this study. The purpose of this study was to synthesise derivatives of 2,3-dichloro-1,4- naphthoquinone to be tested for anti-trypanosomal activity and thereafter conduct structureactivity relationship studies. A series of reactions were carried out using thiophenol, phenol and aniline nucleophiles to synthesise thioether (-S-), ether (-O-) and amino (-NH-) derivatives of 2,3-dichloro-1,4-naphthoquinone with various halogen or methyl substituents. Purification of the products was carried out by recrystallisation. Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), infra-red (IR) and high pressure liquid chromatography coupled to an electro-spray ionisation mass spectrometer (HPLC-ESI-MS) were the analytical methods used for structural confirmation of the products. There were eighteen 1,4-naphthoquinone derivatives that were successfully synthesised using ethanolic solutions. Unfortunately, attempts to synthesise 1,4-naphthoquinones in reactions involving 2-(trifluoro-methyl)aniline and 2-isopropyl-5-methylphenol were unsuccessful, presumably due to steric hindrance by the bulky ortho-substituents. Although the aims of the synthetic procedures were to obtain both mono- and disubstituted products by nucleophilic displacement of the chlorine atom(s) of 2,3-dichloro-1,4- naphthoquinone, only monosubstituted products were obtained from substitution with aniline and phenol nucleophiles. Thiol nucleophiles, however, selectively yielded disubstituted products only. Synthesised naphthoquinone derivatives were tested against Trypanosoma brucei and calculation of the EC₅₀ values from the obtained dose-response curves was carried out using the four parametric equation. All the 1,4-naphthoquinones showed a degree of potency, except compounds 1b, 3c and 3e, which had little or lack of potency. Structure-activity relationship studies (SARs and QSARs) were carried out to determine which structural features or functional group substituents of the naphthoquinone derivatives contribute or take away from the desired anti-trypanosomal activity. It was found that compounds with the best in vitro anti-trypanosomal potencies in the series of analogous 1,4-naphthoquinone derivatives had EC₅₀ values in the range 2.137 to 2.884 μM. The most potent compound in the series was 2-chloro-3-(4-(trifluoromethyl)phenylamino)-1,4- naphthoquinone 1e; but it was 142-fold less potent than the reference standard of melarsoprol.