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Shonde, A. T., A. A. Adekunle, T. O. Samuel, O. O. Adeogun, A. M. Ebabhi, and U. C. Kanife. "Isolation, Identification and Effect of Fungi from Rhizosphere of Diseased Amaranthus hybridus L., Solanum lycopersicum L., Lactuca sativa L. and Allium fistulosum L Vegetable Crops in selected Farms in Lagos State, Nigeria." Journal of Applied Sciences and Environmental Management 27, no. 5 (May 31, 2023): 989–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/jasem.v27i5.16.
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Soil microorganisms play prominent roles in soil health, promotion of crop growth and incidence of disease. The objective of this study was to isolate, identify and understand the impact of fungi isolated from rhizosphere and diseased Amaranthus hybridus L., Solanum lycopersicum L., Lactuca sativa L. and Allium fistulosum L vegetable crops in selected farms in Lagos State of Nigeria using standard techniques. A pathogenicity test was conducted to ascertain the pathogen responsible for crop diseases. A total of 138 fungi isolates comprising of 26 fungi species were isolated from the four selected farms. Idi-Araba farm had the highest fungi isolates with 46%, Mile 12 contributed 24% fungi isolates, Iyana Iba had 18% while the least contribution was Badagry farm with 12% fungi isolates. Five were found to be pathogenic on the vegetables which include Fusarium oxysporium, Fusarium solani, Macrophomina phaseolina, Alternaria alternata, and Colletotrichum gleosporoides. Thirty-three (33%) percent of pathogenic fungi isolated were from Idi-araba farm, Iyana-Iba and Mile 12 farms contributed 25% respectively while Badagry farm contributed 17% pathogenic fungi. Our results showed that the presence of pathogenic fungi in all farms is the principal cause of crop disease and severe post-harvest losses.
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Vidal, Araceli, Rodolfo Parada, Leonora Mendoza, and Milena Cotoras. "Endophytic Fungi Isolated from Plants Growing in Central Andean Precordillera of Chile with Antifungal Activity against Botrytis cinerea." Journal of Fungi 6, no. 3 (August 26, 2020): 149. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jof6030149.
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Botrytis cinerea is an important phytopathogenic fungus affecting the fruit production around the world. This fungus is controlled mainly by using synthetic fungicides, but many resistant isolates have been selected by the indiscriminate use of fungicides. Endophytic fungi or secondary metabolites obtained from them become an alternative method of control for this fungus. The aim of this work was to identify endophytic fungi with antifungal activity against the plant pathogenic fungus B. cinerea isolated from plants from Central Andean Precordillera of Chile. Three endophytic fungi (Ac1, Lc1 and Ec1) with antifungal activity against B. cinerea were isolated from native and endemic plants growing in Central Andean Precordillera of Chile. The isolates Lc1 (isolated from Lithraea caustica) and Ac1 (isolated from Acacia caven) were identified as Alternaria spp. and the isolate Ec1 (isolated from Echinopsis chiloensis) was identified as Aureobasidium spp. The isolated endophytic fungi would inhibit B. cinerea through the secretion of diffusible and volatile compounds affecting the mycelial growth, conidia germination and interestingly, it was also shown that the volatile compounds produced by the three isolated endophytic fungi suppressed the sporulation of B. cinerea.
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Fajarningsih, Nurrahmi Dewi, Muhammad Nursid, and Ekowati Chasanah. "Screening of Antitumor Bioactivity of Fungi Associated with Macro Algae and Sponge from Indrayanti Beach, Jogjakarta." Squalen Bulletin of Marine and Fisheries Postharvest and Biotechnology 8, no. 2 (June 24, 2014): 47. http://dx.doi.org/10.15578/squalen.v8i2.25.
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This research was aimed to isolate marine derived-fungi which associated with macro algae and sponge from Indrayanti Beach, Jogjakarta and to screen the antitumor (T47D and HeLa) bioactivity of the fungi extracts. Three solid media of MEA (malt extract agar), GPY (glucose peptone yeast) and MFM (minimal fungi medium) were used as isolation medium. Each of the pure fungi isolates was then cultivated in 100 ml of liquid medium for 4 weeks at room temperature (27-28°C) in static conditions. The antitumor activity of the fungi extracts were tested against breast tumor cells (T47D) and cervical cancer cells (HeLa) using Thiazolyl Blue Tetrazolium Blue (MTT) assay method. A number of 21 isolates of fungi were isolated from 4 macro algae and 1 sponge samples. The identification of fungi isolate was conducted using combination of molecular approach (ITS1-5.8S-ITS4 DNA regions) and macro-micro morphological characteristics. Among those 21 marine fungi species isolated, MFGK-21 extract showed the best anti-servical tumor (HeLa) with an IC50 value of 240.1 µg/ml and MFGK-27 extract showed the best anti-breast tumor (T47D) with an IC50 value of 59.6 µg/ml. The MFGK-21 fungi isolate was identified as Penicillium steckii, while the MFGK-27 fungi isolate was identified as Aspergillus sydowii.
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Suciatmih, Suaciatmih, Yuliar Yuliar, and D. Supriyati. "ISOLASI, IDENTIFIKASI, DAN SKRINING JAMUR ENDOFIT PENGHASIL AGEN BIOKONTROL DARI TANAMAN DI LAHAN PERTANIAN DAN HUTAN PENUNJANG GUNUNG SALAK." Jurnal Teknologi Lingkungan 12, no. 2 (December 1, 2016): 171. http://dx.doi.org/10.29122/jtl.v12i2.1249.
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Isolation of endophytic fungi was done to find alternative microorganisms as biocontrol agents against Rhizoctonia solani Kuhn, a soil borne pathogen on many agriculturalcrops. The research objectives were 1) to isolate and identify endophytic fungi colonize plants growing on agricultural and Mount Salak supporting forest lands in the Villages of Parakan Salak and Cimalati, Sukabumi; and 2) to screen for their biocontrol agent activity againt R. solani. Diameter of R. solani was measured on day 2 after inoculation, and its percent inhibition of growth by endophytic fungi is calculated using the formula Skidmore & Dickinson (1976). The results indicated that 214 isolates of endophytic fungi were isolated from 96 plant species that growing in both places. Endophytic fungi isolated including in the group of Aspergillus, Cladosporium, Colletotrichum, Curvularia, Drechslera, Fusarium, Guignardia, Mucor, Nigrospora, Paecilomyces, Penicillium, Pestalotiopsis, Phoma, Phomopsis, Rhizoctonia, and endophytic fungi that have not been identified. Of the 214 fungal isolates tested, 39 isolates (18.22 %) could inhibit the growth of R. solani from 10.18 % to 58.99 % with a percent inhibition. The highest growth inhibition of R. solani were shown respectively by an unidentified fungus isolatedfrom Hyptis capitata Jack (58.99%), Cladosporium sp. isolated from jeruk bali (Citrus grandis (L.) Osbeck) (55.42%), Pestalotiopsis sp. isolated from pine apple (Ananas comosus (L.) Merr.) (53.85 %), and Paecilomyces lilacinus (Thom) Samson isolated from banyan (Ficus benyamina L.) (51.81%)
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Ababutain, Ibtisam Mohammed, Sahar Khamees Aldosary, Amal Abdulaziz Aljuraifani, Azzah Ibrahim Alghamdi, Amira Hassan Alabdalall, Eida Marshid Al-Khaldi, Sumayh A. Aldakeel, Noor B. Almandil, Sayed AbdulAzeez, and J. Francis Borgio. "Identification and Antibacterial Characterization of Endophytic Fungi from Artemisia sieberi." International Journal of Microbiology 2021 (March 5, 2021): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/6651020.
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Endophytic fungi serve as a reservoir for important secondary metabolites. The current study focused on the antibacterial properties of endophytic fungi isolated from Artemisia sieberi. Initially, six endophytic fungi were isolated and purified from the stem of A. sieberi. Endophytic fungi were identified by morphological characteristics, as well as by molecular identification using 18S rRNA gene sequencing method. All the six isolates were subjected to the preliminary screening for their antibacterial activity against nine important pathogenic bacteria using the disk-diffusion method. Crude extracts of the most active isolate were obtained using ethyl acetate. Antibacterial activity of the ethyl acetate extract was evaluated using well diffusion method on the selected isolate. The antibacterial efficiency of the selected isolate was evaluated by determining the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC). MIC values were in appreciable quantity against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria ranging from 3.125 to 6.25 µg/mL and 12.5 to 50 µg/mL, respectively. This result indicated that Gram-positive bacteria were more susceptible to the endophytic fungi extract. Moreover, the molecular identification results revealed that all the isolates belong to Ascomycota and represented Aspergillus and Penicillium genera and three species: A. oryzae (three isolates), A. niger (one isolate), and P. chrysogenum (two isolates). All six endophytic fungi were able to inhibit the growth of at least two of the tested bacteria. Among the isolated strains, isolate AS2, which identified as P. chrysogenum, exhibited the highest antibacterial activity against all nine tested bacteria and was higher than or equal to the positive control against most of the tested bacteria. Future studies are required to isolate and identify these bioactive substances, which can be considered as a potential source for the synthesis of new antibacterial drugs to treat infectious diseases.
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Pakshir, Keyvan, Moosa Rahimi Ghiasi, Kamiar Zomorodian, and Ali Reza Gharavi. "Isolation and Molecular Identification of Keratinophilic Fungi from Public Parks Soil in Shiraz, Iran." BioMed Research International 2013 (2013): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/619576.
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Introduction. Keratinophilic fungi are an important group of fungi that live in soil. The aim of this study was to isolate and identify keratinophilic fungi from the soil of different parks in Shiraz.Materials and Methods. A total of 196 soil samples from 43 parks were collected. Isolation of the fungi was performed by hair bait technique. The isolated colonies were identified by morphologic feature of macro- and microconidia and molecular method, using DNA sequence analysis. ITS region of ribosomal DNA was amplified and the PCR products were sequenced.Results. 411 isolates from 22 genera were identified.Fusarium(23.8%),Chrysosporium(13.13%),Acremonium(12.65%),Penicillium(12.39%),Microsporum gypseum(1.94%),Bionectria ochroleuca(1.21%),Bipolaris spicifera(1.21%),Scedosporium apiospermum(0.82%),Phialophora reptans(0.82%),Cephalosporium curtipes(0.49%),Scedosporium dehoogii(0.24%),Ochroconis constricta(0.24%),Nectria mauritiicola(0.49%),Chaetomium(0.49%),Scopulariopsis(0.24%),Malbranchea(0.24%), andTritirachium(0.24%) were the most important isolates. Most of the fungi were isolated from the soils with the PH range of 7 to 8.Conclusion. Our study results showed that many keratinophilic fungi isolated from the parks soil are important for public health and children are an important group at a high risk of being exposed to these fungi.
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Biedukiewicz, Anna. "Yeast-like fungi isolated in students." Acta Mycologica 42, no. 1 (December 23, 2013): 141–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.5586/am.2007.015.
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The occurrence of yeast-like fungi in the most important infection portals of the respiratory system in 200 randomly chosen students of biology and veterinary medicine was examined. The students come into direct contact with plants and animals that may be colonised by fungi belonging to various systematic groups. Nine species of yeast-like fungi, including 7 species determined in the biologists, were recorded in the subjects. <em>Candida tropicalis</em> and <em>Candida albicans</em> were the most frequently isolated fungi. The greatest number of fungi was isolated from the oral cavity (124 isolates), fewer from the throat (79 isolates), and the smallest number from the nose (8 isolates). Fungi occurred more frequently in autumn and slightly less frequently in spring, and were isolated more frequently from women than from men.
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Lima, Milton Luiz da Paz, Maria Cristina Araújo Vaz, Aline Suelen da Silva, Karoliny De Almeida Souza, and Gabriel Isaias Lee Tuñon. "In vitro CONFRONTATION OF Trichoderma spp. ISOLATES WITH PHYTOPATHOGENIC AND NON-PHYTOPATHOGENIC FUNGI." JOURNAL OF NEOTROPICAL AGRICULTURE 3, no. 2 (September 2, 2016): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.32404/rean.v3i2.810.
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The aim of this study was the confrontation of Trichoderma spp. with pathogenic and non-pathogenic fungi. The Trichoderma spp. and filamentous fungi (Fusarium solani, Alternaria sp., Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, and Aspergillus niger) were transferred to potato-dextrose-agar (PDA). The confrontation was performed using Petri dishes inoculated with mycelial disks in opposite position (9 mm) of Trichoderma spp. and filamentous fungi. After inoculation the plates remained under 25 ° C regime to 12 hours light for a period of seven days. After this period was evaluated qualitatively according to the scale of Bell et al. (1982), which consists of the suitability scores for the area percentage of the culture medium under expression of antagonism. The isolate of C. gloeosporioides (jatropha) was isolated which had statistically slightly inhibited growth by Trichoderma spp., Unlike the isolated Alternaria sp. (parsley) was isolated micelial fungi suffered the most antagonism. Statistically the Trichoderma isolate derived from pineapple promoted the highest antagonistic activity against isolates of pathogenic fungi tested, being a candidate for use in biocontrol.
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Vaz, Aline B. M., Rubens C. Mota, Maria Rosa Q. Bomfim, Mariana L. A. Vieira, Carlos L. Zani, Carlos A. Rosa, and Luiz H. Rosa. "Antimicrobial activity of endophytic fungi associated with Orchidaceae in Brazil." Canadian Journal of Microbiology 55, no. 12 (December 2009): 1381–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/w09-101.
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The purpose of this study was to examine antimicrobial activity of endophytic fungi isolated from the leaves, stems, and roots of 54 species of Orchidaceae collected in a Brazilian tropical ecosystem. In total, 382 filamentous fungi and 13 yeast isolates were obtained and cultured to examine the production of crude extracts. Thirty-three percent of the isolates displayed antimicrobial activity against at least one target microorganism. The multivariate statistical analyses conducted indicate that the extracts of endophytic fungi isolated from leaves of terrestrial orchids in semideciduous forest were more active against Escherichia coli , whereas extracts of endophytic fungi from roots of rupicolous orchids collected in rock fields were more active against Candida krusei and Candida albicans . Among the fungi that were screened in the study, 22 isolates held their antimicrobial activities after replication and were therefore selected for assessment of the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), which ranged from 62.5 to 250 µg/mL and 7.8 to 250 µg/mL against bacteria and fungi, respectively. One isolate of Alternaria sp. and one isolate of Fusarium oxysporum presented the strongest antibacterial activity. Three Fusarium isolates, Epicoccum nigrum , and Sclerostagonospora opuntiae showed the greatest MIC values against the pathogenic yeasts. This study is the first survey investigating the bioactive potential of endophytic fungi associated with tropical Orchidaceae species present in Brazilian ecosystems.
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Gofar, Nuni. "Characterization of Petroleum Hydrocarbon Decomposing Fungi Isolated from Mangrove Rhizosphere." Journal of Tropical Soils 16, no. 1 (July 1, 2013): 39–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.5400/jts.2011.v16i1.39-45.
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The research was done to obtain the isolates of soil borne fungi isolated from mangrove rhizosphere which were capable of degrading petroleum hydrocarbon compounds. The soil samples were collected from South Sumatra mangrove forest which was contaminated by petroleum. The isolates obtained were selected based on their ability to survive, to grow and to degrade polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in medium containing petroleum residue. There were 3 isolates of soil borne hydrocarbonoclastic fungi which were able to degrade petroleum in vitro. The 3 isolates were identified as Aspergillus fumigates, A. parasiticus, and Chrysonilia sitophila. C. sitophila was the best isolate to decrease total petroleum hydrocarbon (TPH) from medium containing 5-20% petroleum residue.Keywords: Hydrocarbonoclastic fungi, hydrocarbon compounds, mangrove rhizosphere
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Kačániová, Miroslava, Janka Sudzinová, Miriam Kádasi-Horáková, Magdaléna Valšíková, and Stanislav Kráčmar. "The determination of microscopic fungi from Chestnut (Castanea sativa Mill.) fruits, leaves, crust and pollen." Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis 58, no. 4 (2010): 73–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.11118/actaun201058040073.
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The plant-microbial interactive relations with respect to determination of the mycoflora of theCastanea sativaMill. nuts, crust, leaves and pollen and their effect on the host organism in four Slovak regions were studied. In the experiments were isolated 7 genera and 10 species of microscopic fungi from the nut, crust and leaves. It was found, that isolates from theCastanea sativaMill. pollen were represented by 8 genera and 11 species of microscopic fungi.Alternaria,Cladosporium,MucorandRhizopusappeared to be the most frequently occurring genera of nuts, leaves and crust.Acremonium,Alternaria,Cladosporium,Fusarium,PenicilliumandTrichodermaare the most frequently fungi of pollen. On the base of further taxonomic determination from the generaAspergilluswere isolated and identified representatives of speciesA. flavus,A. fumigatus,A. ochraceus,A. terreusandA. versicolor. From the generaFusariumwas isolatedF. oxysporumand fromPenicilliumgenera were isolatedP. crustosumandP. glabrum. It is necessary to underline that the isolated generaAspergillus,FusariumandPenicilliumare considered as the most important producers of mycotoxins.
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ABDEL-MONAIM, Montaser Fawzy. "Integrated Management of Damping-off, Root and/or Stem Rot Diseases of Chickpea and Efficacy of the Suggested Formula." Notulae Scientia Biologicae 3, no. 3 (August 25, 2011): 80–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.15835/nsb336134.
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Eleven fungal isolates were isolated from naturally infected chickpea roots collected from different locations in New Valley Governorate (Egypt). The isolated fungi were purified and identified as Rhizoctonia solani (5 isolates), Fusarium solani (4 isolates) and Sclerotinia sclerotiorum (2 isolates). The isolated fungi proved their pathogenicity on cv. ‘Giza 3’. Response of chickpea cvs. ‘Giza 1’, ‘Giza 2’, ‘Giza 3’, ‘Giza 4’, ‘Giza 88’, ‘Giza 195’, ‘Giza 531’ to infection by the tested fungi was significantly varied. ‘Giza 1’ was the most resistant one followed by ‘Giza 531’, while the other tested cvs. were highly susceptible. Seven biocontrol agents, namely Bacillus subtilis, B. megaterium, B. cereus, Trichoderma viride, T. harzianum, Aspergillus sp., Penicillium sp. isolated from chickpea rhizosphere, were tested for their antagonistic action against the tested pathogens. B. subtilis isolate BSM1, B. megaterium isolate TVM5, T. viride isolate TVM2 and T. harzianum isolate THM4 were the most antagonistic ones to the tested fungi in vitro, while the other isolates were moderate or weak antagonists. The most antagonistic isolates as well as the commercial biocide Rhizo-N were applied as seed treatment for controlling damping-off, root and/or stem rot diseases caused by the tested fungi under greenhouse conditions. The obtained data showed that all tested antagonistic isolates were able to cause significant reduction of damping-off, root and/or stem rot diseases in chickpea plants. T. viride (isolate TVM2) and B. megaterium (isolate BMM5) proved to be the most effective isolates for controlling the diseases. Under field condition, the obtained data indicated that all the tested antagonistic isolates significantly reduced damping-off, root and/or stem rot. T. viride (isolate TVM2) and B. megaterium (isolate BMM5) recorded the highest reduction of damping-off, root and/or stem rot in all sowing dates. Sowing of treated seeds with bioagents in first of November gave the highest protection against root diseases in chickpea. The reduction in damping-off, root and/or stem rot severity was significantly reflected on the produced seed yield. In this respect, seeds previously treated with T. viride (TVM2) produced the highest seed yield in all sowing dates followed by seed treated with B. megaterium (TVM5). First of November was the best sowing date to reduce these diseases and to increase seed yield/fed. On the other hand, the antagonistic isolates isolated from chickpea rhizosphere, were most active than the commercial biocide Rhizo-N in reducing chickpea root diseases and increase of seed yield in greenhouse and field conditions.
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Putri, K. P., R. S W Budi, D. J. Sudrajat, Surono, N. Widyani, and N. Yuniarti. "The potential of dark septate endhophyte fungus from white jabon (Neolamarckia cadamba (Roxb.) Bosser)." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1315, no. 1 (March 1, 2024): 012006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1315/1/012006.
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Abstract Endophytic fungi are one of the forest microbes that can be solutions for increasing the resistance of forest plants to environmental stress. Exploration and collection of endophytic fungi from the forest is important because the condition of the forest as a natural habitat for microbes has been disturbed due to degradation and deforestation. A potential plant species for forest and land rehabilitation is white jabon (Neolamarckia cadamba (Roxb.) Bosser). The research objective was to isolate and characterize endophytic fungi and to obtain the dark septate endhophyte from the roots of the white jabon which have the potential to increase plant growth. The fungus was isolated by surface sterilization method and then characterized and identified morphologically. Pathogenicity test was carried out to determine the pathogenicity of the fungus. The results of the study found ten isolates. Most of the isolated fungi showed sterile mycelia with septate hyphae, so they were not identified morphologically. The isolate of CPGS 3 isolates probably belonged to the genus Aureobasidium sp. CPGS 3, CPKR 6, and CPPS 11 isolates are candidates for dark septate endophyte fungi which have the potential to promote plant growth and not become pathogens in chinese cabbage (Brassica rapa).
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Trianasta, Melia, Warsidah Warsidah, and Mega Sari Juane Sofiana. "AKTIVITAS ANTIBAKTERI DARI FUNGI ENDOFIT Caulerpa racemosa ASAL PERAIRAN PULAU LEMUKUTAN (ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY FROM ENDOPHYTIC FUNGI Caulerpa racemosa ORIGIN IN LEMUKUTAN ISLAN WATERS)." Indonesian Journal of Pure and Applied Chemistry 4, no. 3 (November 15, 2021): 109. http://dx.doi.org/10.26418/indonesian.v4i3.48830.
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Green macroalgae Caulerpa racemosa from the waters of Lemukutan Island was isolated to obtain its endophyte fungi. Endophyte fungi were explored to determine their potential as antibacterial. Isolation of endophyte fungi was carried out by dilution method using PDA media. Endophyte fungi with different morphology were obtained as many as 4 isolates, named CRF1, CRF2, CRF3 and CRF4. Antibacterial activity testing was carried out by agar diffusion method. Endophyte fungi isolate CRF3 showed the best activity against Escherichia coli bacteria while CRF2 isolate showed the best activity against Staphylococcus aureus with inhibition zone diameters of 15.83 mm and 11.99 mm, respectively. Keywords:Endophyte Fungi, Caulerpa racemosa, Antibacterial, Lemukutan
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Trianasta, Melia, Warsidah Warsidah, and Mega Sari Juane Sofiana. "AKTIVITAS ANTIBAKTERI DARI FUNGI ENDOFIT Caulerpa racemosa ASAL PERAIRAN PULAU LEMUKUTAN (ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY FROM ENDOPHYTIC FUNGI Caulerpa racemosa ORIGIN IN LEMUKUTAN ISLAN WATERS)." Indonesian Journal of Pure and Applied Chemistry 4, no. 3 (November 15, 2021): 109. http://dx.doi.org/10.26418/ijopac.v4i3.48830.
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Green macroalgae Caulerpa racemosa from the waters of Lemukutan Island was isolated to obtain its endophyte fungi. Endophyte fungi were explored to determine their potential as antibacterial. Isolation of endophyte fungi was carried out by dilution method using PDA media. Endophyte fungi with different morphology were obtained as many as 4 isolates, named CRF1, CRF2, CRF3 and CRF4. Antibacterial activity testing was carried out by agar diffusion method. Endophyte fungi isolate CRF3 showed the best activity against Escherichia coli bacteria while CRF2 isolate showed the best activity against Staphylococcus aureus with inhibition zone diameters of 15.83 mm and 11.99 mm, respectively. Keywords:Endophyte Fungi, Caulerpa racemosa, Antibacterial, Lemukutan
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Bussaban, Boonsom, Saisamorn Lumyong, Pipob Lumyong, Eric HC McKenzie, and Kevin D. Hyde. "Endophytic fungi from Amomum siamense." Canadian Journal of Microbiology 47, no. 10 (October 1, 2001): 943–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/w01-098.
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Endophytic fungi were isolated from apparently healthy organs of the wild ginger Amomum siamense Criab., including leaves, pseudostems, and rhizomes, collected from two sites in Doi Suthep-Pui National Park, Thailand. Endophytes were relatively common with an isolate prevalence of 70%83% at the two sites sampled in the wet and dry seasons. The endophyte assemblages from the two sites were diverse and comprised 7 Ascomycetes and 26 mitosporic fungi. Colletotrichum "gloeosporioides" (Penz.) Penz. & Sacc. in Penz., Glomerella spp., xylariaceous fungi, and Phomopsis spp. were consistently dominant as endophytes on Amomum siamense, but many rare species and mycelia sterilia were also recorded. There was no significant difference between the number of isolates recovered from leaves containing vein tissues and those containing intervein tissues, independent of leaf age. Most taxa showed a preference for either leaf tissue or pseudostems. Two new Ascomycetes species, Gaeumannomyces amomi and Leiosphaerella amomi, were discovered from leaves and rhizomes, respectively, and four species of Pyricularia, including three new species, were isolated from leaves.Key words: Zingiberaceae endophytes, isolate prevalence, tissue specificity, seasonal effects.
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Manguilimotan, Lebeth C., and Jayzon G. Bitacura. "Biosorption of Cadmium by Filamentous Fungi Isolated from Coastal Water and Sediments." Journal of Toxicology 2018 (October 22, 2018): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/7170510.
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The use of microorganisms in decontaminating the environment encumbered with heavy metal pollutants through biosorption is considered as a good option for bioremediation. This study was conducted to isolate Cadmium (Cd) tolerant fungi from coastal waters and sediments, compare their biosorption capabilities, and identify the isolates with the highest Cd uptake. Water and sediment samples were collected near the effluent sites of industrial belt in Ibo, Lapu-lapu City, Cebu, Philippines. Potato dextrose agar (PDA) plates containing Cd (25, 50, 75, and 100 ppm) were used to isolate Cd tolerant fungi from the samples. The distinct colonies that grew on the highest Cd concentration (100 ppm) were then isolated into pure cultures. The pure cultures of Cd tolerant fungi served as a source of inocula for in vitro biosorption assay using Cd dissolved in potato dextrose broth (PDB) as the substrate. Cd tolerant fungal isolates with the highest Cd uptake were finally identified up to the lowest possible taxon based on their colonial and microscopic characteristics. Most filamentous fungal colonies have grown most at the lower Cd concentrations and least at the higher concentrations. From the characteristics of the fungal growth on the plate with the highest Cd concentration, eight distinct colonies from both sediment and water samples were isolated into pure cultures. Among the eight fungal isolates, only three had significant Cd biosorption efficiency, these were fungal isolate 3 (13.87 %), fungal isolate 6 (11.46 %), and fungal isolate 4 (10.71 %). Two of them (fungal isolates 3 and 4) belong to genus Aspergillus while the other (fungal isolate 6) is a species of Penicillium. The results of this study showed that Cd tolerant fungi with biosorption capacity could be isolated from coastal water and sediments in the vicinity of areas suspected of heavy metal contamination.
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BOURTZI-HATZOPOULOU (Ε. ΜΠΟΥΡΤΖΗ-ΧΑΤΖΟΠΟΥΛΟΥ), E., A. ZDRAGAS (Α. ΖΔΡΑΓΚΑΣ), E. PETRIDOU (Ε. ΠΕΤΡΙΔΟΥ), and G. FILIOUSIS (Γ. ΦΙΛΙΟΥΣΗΣ). "Yeasts as a causative agent of bovine mastitis in Greece." Journal of the Hellenic Veterinary Medical Society 54, no. 2 (January 25, 2018): 105. http://dx.doi.org/10.12681/jhvms.15257.
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The aim of this study was to isolate fungi from mastitic milk of dairy cows and to identify fungal microorganisms involved in bovine mastitis. A total of 608 milk samples from clinical mastitis quarters from 580 animals in Northern Greece were collected, during the years 1997-2001. Antibacterial treatment was administrated to 50% of the sampled animals. Forty two (42) fungi were isolated and identified using mycological media and methods. From the 42 fungi isolates, 38 were yeasts and 4 moulds. The yeasts isolated were classified into the genera Candida, Geotrichum, Rhodotorula. From the thirty four (34) Candida species, 14 were identified as G tropicalis and 6 as G krusei. Furthermore, 4 isolates were classified as G pseudotropicalis, 4 as G albicans, 3 as G parapsilosis and 3 as G rugosa. Geotrichum candidum and Rhodotorula spp. were represented with 2 isolates. The isolated moulds were classified into the genus Aspergillus. Fungi were isolated in pure culture from 38 milk samples and in mixed culturewith bacteria from 4. In 510 samples only bacteria were cultured, while in 56 samples no growth of microorganism was observed. The results of the present study indicate that a level of 6.9% of mycotic mastitis is significant and yeasts are apparently implicated in mammary gland pathology causing economic loss.
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Guardiola-Márquez, Carlos Esteban, María Teresa Santos-Ramírez, Melina Lizeth Figueroa-Montes, Eric Oswaldo Valencia-de los Cobos, Iván Jesús Stamatis-Félix, Diego E. Navarro-López, and Daniel A. Jacobo-Velázquez. "Identification and Characterization of Beneficial Soil Microbial Strains for the Formulation of Biofertilizers Based on Native Plant Growth-Promoting Microorganisms Isolated from Northern Mexico." Plants 12, no. 18 (September 13, 2023): 3262. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants12183262.
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Plant growth-promoting microorganisms (PGPM) benefit plant health by enhancing plant nutrient-use efficiency and protecting plants against biotic and abiotic stresses. This study aimed to isolate and characterize autochthonous PGPM from important agri-food crops and nonagricultural plants to formulate biofertilizers. Native microorganisms were isolated and evaluated for PGP traits (K, P, and Zn solubilization, N2-fixation, NH3-, IAA and siderophore production, and antifungal activity against Fusarium oxysporum). Isolates were tested on radish and broccoli seedlings, evaluating 19 individual isolates and 12 microbial consortia. Potential bacteria were identified through DNA sequencing. In total, 798 bacteria and 209 fungi were isolated. Isolates showed higher mineral solubilization activity than other mechanisms; 399 bacteria and 156 fungi presented mineral solubilization. Bacteria were relevant for nitrogen fixation, siderophore, IAA (29–176 mg/L), and ammonia production, while fungi for Fusarium growth inhibition (40–69%). Twenty-four bacteria and eighteen fungi were selected for their PGP traits. Bacteria had significantly (ANOVA, p < 0.05) better effects on plants than fungi; treatments improved plant height (23.06–51.32%), leaf diameter (25.43–82.91%), and fresh weight (54.18–85.45%) in both crops. Most potential species belonged to Pseudomonas, Pantoea, Serratia, and Rahnella genera. This work validated a high-throughput approach to screening hundreds of rhizospheric microorganisms with PGP potential isolated from rhizospheric samples.
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Eman A.R. Al-Mazorey and Saleh Easa Mohammad. "Isolation and Identification of Some contaminant fungi and Detection of Aflatoxin in flour and produced bread and loaf in Duhok city." Tikrit Journal of Pure Science 21, no. 7 (February 8, 2023): 7–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.25130/tjps.v21i7.1103.
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This study aimed to isolate and detect some contaminant fungi and its produced mycotoxins on flour and its produced bread and loaf in Duhok city, Kurdistan Region, Iraq, This study included samples of local and imported flour (White & Black), and also the produced bread and loaf.
The study showed different species of contaminant fungi , and the fungus Aspergillus flavus was the dominant fungus, which isolated from both the local black flour and Iranian black flour, and fungus Penicillium sp, which isolated from both the local white flour and Iranian black flour, then fungus A.niger, which isolated from Iranian black flour only, and all the samples of produced bread and loaf were free from any contaminant fungi.
Investigation of effect of temperature degrees and cultures media on growth of the isolated fungi from flour samples, its cultured characteristics and microscopic picture, showed that this fungus is A.flavus, and there are two isolates (7,9) produced aflatoxin, which are local black flour and black Iranian flour respectively, but agreed with the allowed limits of World Health Organization.
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Sulyanti, Eri. "The Potential of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi (AMF) as Biocontrol Agent Against Stem Rot Diseases Caused Sclerotium rolfsii of peanut (Arachis hypogaea L)." JERAMI Indonesian Journal of Crop Science 2, no. 2 (February 29, 2020): 65–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.25077/jijcs.2.2.65-71.2020.
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This study was conducted to assess the biocontrol efficacy of arbuscular mycorrhizae fungi (AM Fungi) against stem rot disease caused by Sclerotium rolfsii Sacc. in peanut. The AM Fungi can be associated with almost all types of plants. The purpose of this study was to obtain isolates of arbuscular mycorrhiza fungi (AMF) as a potential biofungisida against Sclerotium rolfsii and can characterize the mechanism of the FMA in controlling S.rolfsii (salicylic acid) on peanut plants. The AM Fungi inoculant (40 spores g-1 in concentration) was introduced to peanut seedling (25 g plant-1 ) at planting time where as Sclerotium rolfsii inoculated 30 days after planting time. The experiment was arranged in the completely randomized design (CRD), which is 7 treatment sand repeated 10 times in the greenhouse experiment. The data were analyzed using analysis of variance (ANOVA) using STAT program 8 and the Tukey test at 5% significance level. The AM Fungi treatments showed significantly redused the percentage of disease severity in infected peanut plants around 34.28% - 57.15% and longer incubation period, respectively. They increased root colonization (20,00 - 46.67%) with a middle to high category. The AM Fungi C isolate (isolated from Solok county), and the A isolate (isolated from Payakumbuh city) were the best as a biocontrol against S rolfsii (57.15%), followed by isolate D (isolated from Padang Pariaman county) 54,30 %. They also increased Salicylic acid content 1,4 times (70.72 ppm) compared to control (49,59 ppm). It can be concluded that the application of AM Fungi as a biocontrol agent played an important role in plant resistance and exhibit greater potential to protect peanut plants against S. rolfsii.
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Agung Bimantara, Hary Widjajanti, and Elisa Nurnawati. "POTENCY OF ENDOPHYTIC FUNGI ISOLATED FROM Muntingia calabura AS ANTIFUNGAL SUBSTANCES AGAINST Candida parapsilosis." BIOVALENTIA: Biological Research Journal 8, no. 2 (July 1, 2022): 88–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.24233/biov.8.2.2022.226.
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Alternative is needed to overcome the problem of dandruff caused by C. parapsilosis. Endophytic fungi isolated from plants are capable of synthesizing compounds to produce various secondary metabolites. This study aimed to obtain the most active endophytic fungal isolates, determine the class of compounds, and determine the antifungal activity of the endophytic fungi (M. calabura) against C. parapsilosis. Fifteen isolates of endophytic fungi isolated from M. calabura were coded FDK1-FDK15. There was a color change in the media after 30 days of cultivation isolates of fungi. FDK4 and FDK13 have potential as antifungals. FDK13 fungal extract had the highest inhibition zone diameter of 20.00 mm. 20 eluates were obtained from the isolation of com-pounds (Thin Layer Chromatography), FDK 131, 1314, 1317, and 1320 eluates are compounds of the terpenoid group and FDK1316 eluates are phenol group compounds that are active in inhibiting yeast growth. FDK1317 was the most active compound isolate in inhibiting the growth of C. parapsilosis with an inhibition zone diameter of 12.5 mm.
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Ogle, HJ, AM Stirling, and PJ Dart. "Pathogenicity of fungi associated with seedling disease of cotton." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 33, no. 7 (1993): 923. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea9930923.
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Fungi associated with cotton seedling disease were isolated directly from a vertisol at Narrabri, New South Wales, in which cotton had failed to establish, and from cotton seedlings grown in the same soil and seedlings grown in 7 Queensland cotton-growing soils (also Vertisols). Fusarium spp., Penicillium spp., Trichoderma spp., Rhizoctonia solani, Pythium vexans, I unidentified pythiaceous fungi, and a number of miscellaneous unidentified fungi were isolated from soil or soilborne plant debris. Pythium ultimum, R. solani, Fusarium spp., and unidentified pythiaceous fungi were isolated from lesions on seedling hypocotyls. The pathogenicity of the fungi was investigated using cotton seedlings grown in steamed potting mix; 93% of seedlings survived in the absence of fungal inoculum. Of the fungi isolated from the Narrabri soil, P. ultimum and R. solani were most pathogenic, reducing seedling survival at 14 days after inoculation to 33%. Isolates of P. vexans and Fusarium spp. reduced seedling survival to 64% and 73-87%, respectively. Isolates of R. solani or P. ultirnum from the Queensland soils completely prevented seedling emergence in most cases, while isolates of Fusarium spp. were not pathogenic. Isolates of both R. solani and P. ultimum varied significantly in pathogenicity.
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Hakim, Safinah Surya, Tri Wira Yuwati, and Sari Nurulita. "Isolation of peat swamp forest foliar endophyte fungi as biofertilizer." Journal of Wetlands Environmental Management 5, no. 1 (January 17, 2017): 10. http://dx.doi.org/10.20527/jwem.v5i1.111.
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<p><span>Peatland restoration activity is facing many obstacles, particularly in planting techniques and poor nutrient in peat soil. Naturally, endophytic fungi are abundant and have great potential as biofertilizer. This research investigates the potential endophytic fungi isolated from leaves of peat swamp tree species for biofertilizer. Research activities include: exploration, in vitro test to examine the phosphate solubilization and identification. Result showed that there were 360 leave segments collected from 4 sampling locations. The colonization percentage of 222 isolates ranged from 52.17% - 60.17%. Fifty seven morphospecies were selected from 222 isolates. Twelve isolates demonstrated ability to produce clear zones and ten isolates were selected for identification. It is concluded that twelve isolated demonstrated potential ability to produce clear zone and <em>Penicillum citrinum</em> isolate P3.10 was identified as an isolate that show the highest potential ability as a biofertilizer</span></p>
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Prasetyo, Angga, Boy Rahardjo Sidharta, Yustina Sri Hartini, and Exsyupransia Mursyanti. "Toxicity of Bioactive Compound from Endophytic Fungi Isolated from Red Ginger (Zingiber officinale var. rubrum) Utilizing Brine Shrimp Lethality Assay." Biogenesis: Jurnal Ilmiah Biologi 7, no. 1 (June 30, 2019): 30. http://dx.doi.org/10.24252/bio.v7i1.6000.
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Red ginger (Zingiber officinale var. rubrum) has been proven to show anticancer activity. Direct use bioactive compound from red ginger has many obstacles such as large amount of red ginger’s rhizome needed, limitation of planting area, and very long time of harvesting. Utilization of endophytic fungi from red ginger’s rhizome could be an alternative to the problems. The aims of this study were to determine bioactive compound produced by endophytic fungi and toxicity activity based on LC50. Endophytic fungi were isolated from red ginger and were identified macroscopically and microscopically. The bioactive compounds were extracted using ethanol 96%. Flavonoid test was done qualitatively, bioactive compounds were analyzed by Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC), and the toxicity test was done using Brine Shrimp Lethality Assay (BSLA). The present research found two endophytic fungi isolated from red ginger rhizome. Isolate 1 was similar to Mucor sp. and isolate 2 was similar to Trichoderma sp. Phytochemical test revealed bioactive compound extracted from the isolates were contained flavonoid. TLC analysis did not detect quercetin from the bioactive compound extracted from the isolates. LC50 values of the bioactive compound from the isolates were 2.300 and 1.747 µg/ml, respectively. The toxicological results suggest that both isolates produce non-toxic compound to Artemia salina.
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Hasan Basri, Muhammad, Lalu Zulkifli, and Abdul Syukur. "Isolation of Endophytic Fungi from Vitex trifolia L and Antagonism Test against Sclerotium rolfsii and pathogenic bacteria." Jurnal Biologi Tropis 21, no. 1 (January 20, 2021): 72. http://dx.doi.org/10.29303/jbt.v21i1.2340.
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Plant damage by pathogenic fungi is often found in plants, one of which is caused by Sclerotium rolfsii. Biological control strategy offers a promising alternative for managing disease in plants because they are environmental friendly compared to pesticides application. One of the biological control offered is by using endophytic fungi isolated from Vitex trivolia L. The aim of the study was to isolate, to identify macroscopic and microscopic endophytic fungi from Vitex trifolia L and to test their antagonism potency against the pathogenic fungus Sclerotium rolfsii in vitro. The isolation obtained 7 endophytic fungi isolates identified based on their genus characteristics, nsmely Periconia sp, Aspergillussp, Dendrophoma sp, Geotrichum sp, Ampulliferina sp, Chalara sp, dan Bispora sp and 2 isolates have not been identified. The Antibacterial test of the fungi isolate on the 4 tested bacteria showed that of all the fungi isolate have low activity. The antagonism test using the direct opposition method with the PIRG formula, showed that the 3 isolates had high percentage of growth inhibition, in which ALJ1, BLJ5, and ALJ3 isolate has 85%, 90%, and 100% respectively. This potency could be used as biological agents on the pathogenic fungus Sclerotium rolfsii.
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Zanudin, Nur Afeeqah Binti Mohamed, Nor'Aishah Hasan, and Patahayah Binti Mansor. "Antagonistic Activity of Fungal Endophytes Isolated from Garcinia atroviridis against Colletotrichum gloeosporioides." HAYATI Journal of Biosciences 27, no. 3 (July 1, 2020): 209. http://dx.doi.org/10.4308/hjb.27.3.209.
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The extensive use of synthetic fungicides in controlling plant disease generates detrimental impacts on the environment and human health. In response to this problem, an alternative method was developed, known as biological control using antagonistic microorganisms. Since investigation on fungal endophytes of Garcinia atroviridis is still unclear, it was chosen for the study. The aim of the present work was to evaluate biocontrol potential of endophytic fungi against Colletotrichum gloeosporiodes, a phytopathogen that caused anthracnose disease. A total of 92 endophytic fungi were isolated from different tissue parts of Garcinia atroviridis including leaves, petioles, branches, and fruits. Results demonstrated that, most of endophytic fungal isolates showed some inhibitory action over the growth of C. gloeosporiodes during dual culture growth. Endophyte isolate F14 showed the highest antagonistic activity against Colletotrichum gloeosporiodes with 67.38% percentage inhibition radial growth (PIRG). However, 7 out of 92 isolates showed no inhibitory effect against Colletotrichum gloeosporiodes. In conclusion, endophytic fungi isolated from G. atroviridis indicate the potential as biocontrol agents. It is hoped that the finding of isolated endophytic fungi in this study with antagonistic activity against anthracnose pathogen may be used in biocontrol programmes of plant disease in the region.
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Michael, Michael, Nampiah Sukarno, Sofi Mursidawati, Edhi Sandra, and Nadiya Dwi Rahayu. "Isolasi dan Identifikasi Cendawan Endofit Akar Anggrek Epifit dan Hemiepifit." Jurnal Sumberdaya Hayati 9, no. 4 (December 12, 2023): 152–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.29244/jsdh.9.4.152-163.
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Orchids form a symbiotic relationship with endophytic fungi throughout their life cycle, including their seed germination. Research on orchid endophytic fungi in Indonesia is still limited. This study aimed to isolate and identify endophytic fungi of Phalaenopsis amabilis, Dipodium brevilabium, Vanilla planifolia, and Aerides odorata orchids. Endophytic fungi were isolated from surface-sterilized orchid root pelotons. Fungal identification was based on morphological and molecular characteristics using ITS rDNA sequences, followed by BLAST and phylogenetic tree analysis. All orchids studied had peloton structures in root cortex tissues. From the four orchids studied, 22 fungal isolates were obtained. Five fungal isolates were obtained from the P. amabilis orchid, consisting of 1 Penicillium and 4 sterile mycelium isolates. The D. brevilabium had 7 fungal isolates, namely 1 Penicillium and 6 Fusarium isolates. The V. planifolia had 6 Fusarium isolates, whereas the A. odorata had 4 isolates, such as 1 Penicillium, 2 sterile mycelium, and 1 unidentified isolate. The genus Penicillium was found in 3 out of the 4 orchid species studied. One Penicillium isolate was molecularly identified as Penicillium citrinum. Endophytic fungi in P. amabilis were mostly sterile mycelium, while D. brevilabium, V. planifolia, and A. odorata were dominated by Fusarium.
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Jović, Jelena, Sunčica Kocić-Tanackov, and Ljiljana Mojović. "Pretreatment of lignocellulosic biomass with autochthonous fungi from Serbia." Journal on Processing and Energy in Agriculture 25, no. 2 (2021): 74–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/jpea25-31108.
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This research examined the potential use of isolated Serbian autochthonous fungi in lignocellulosic biomass pretreatment. Among 12 isolated fungi, the isolates identified as Trametes hirsuta F13 and Stereum gausapatum F28 stood out as ligninolytic enzyme producers and were selected for potential use in the pretreatment of a waste lignocellulosic biomass. An isolate identified as Myrmaecium fulvopruinatum F14 showed high hydrolytic activity, but negligible ligninolytic activity, and it was selected as a potential producer of important industrial hydrolytic enzymes. Further, the breakdown of lignocellulosic waste, beechwood sawdust, by T. hirsuta F13 and S. gausapatum F28 was examined. Both isolates efficiently degraded biomass, but T. hirsuta F13 exhibited greater selectivity (selectivity coefficient of 1.7) than S. gausapatum F28 (1.1). The isolate F13 was considered a better candidate for the pretreatment, and it was selected for further analysis which involved the use of molasses stillage as a supplement to improve the pretreatment.
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Dobranic, J. K., J. A. Johnson, and Q. R. Alikhan. "Isolation of endophytic fungi from eastern larch (Larix lancina) leaves from New Brunswick, Canada." Canadian Journal of Microbiology 41, no. 2 (February 1, 1995): 194–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/m95-026.
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Endophytic fungi were isolated from leaves of eastern larch (Larix laricina (Du Roi) K. Koch) collected in Saint John County, New Brunswick, Canada. Two thousand three hundred and six isolates were obtained from 1600 leaves (6400 leaf segments) from 40 trees. Isolates were obtained from 36.0% of the segments. These were distributed among 73.9% of the leaves. Multiple isolates (two or more) were obtained from 12.8% of the leaves but 26.1% of the leaves had no endophyte isolated whatsoever. The isolate designated RP31 accounted for 84.2% of all isolates and was the lone endophyte isolated from 46.5% of the leaves. Isolates RPB82, RPB65, and coelomycete 3 accounted for 10.2% of all isolates obtained. Of the 10 taxa isolated, RP31, RPB82, RPB65, and coelomycete 3 represented 98.1% of the total number of isolates. There was no significant (p > 0.05) difference in the number of isolations between leaf segments from the petiole to the tip when all isolates were considered together. However, if RP31 was excluded from the analysis, the remaining isolates were isolated significantly (p > 0.05) more frequently from the petiole segment.Key words: endophytic fungi, Larix laricina, leaves, deciduous.
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Pięta, Danuta, and Irena Kiecana. "Mycoflora of Viola wittrockiana Games seeds." Acta Agrobotanica 44, no. 1-2 (2013): 43–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.5586/aa.1991.003.
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Thirty seed speciments of <i>Viola wittrockiana</i> harvested in the years 1985-1987 were investigated. As a result of mycological analysis, 1808 fungi isolates belonging to 19 species were obtained. Most frequently isolated species was <i>Alternaria alternata</i> whose isolates made 26 % of isolations of all the fungi. Among the fungi isolated particularly from undisinfected seeds the species from the <i>Penicillium</i> kind were dominant. Pathogenic fungi like <i>Botrytis cinerea</i> and <i>Fusarium culmorum</i> were also isolated from the investigated seeds.
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Hussaini, Ibrahim Mohammed, Halima Sadiya Ahmed, Hauwa’u Ahmad, Mamunu Abdulkadir Sulaiman, and Aisha Usman. "Preliminary Screening for Antibacterial Activity of Endophytic Fungi isolated from Azadirachta indica and Mentha piperita against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa." Algerian Journal of Biosciences 3, no. 2 (December 30, 2022): 056–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.57056/ajb.v3i2.57.
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Endophytes have been identified as reservoirs of novel bioactive secondary metabolites that can serve as a potential candidate for the development of new antimicrobial drugs. The aim of the study was to screen for antibacterial activity of endophytic fungi isolated from Azadirachta indica and Mentha piperita. Endophytic fungi were isolated from healthy leaves of A. indica and M. piperita. The isolates were screened for their antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Antibacterial activity of ethyl acetate extracts of the isolates was also determined. A total 35 endophytic fungi were isolated out of which 11 showed antibacterial activity against at least two of the test bacterial isolates. Ethyl acetate extracts of these 11 endophytes had varying degree of antibacterial activity with zones of inhibition ranging from 10±10 mm to 26±0.5 mm. Result of this study revealed that endophytic fungi isolated leaves of A. indica and M. piperita produce bioactive compounds with antibacterial activity against the test bacterial isolates.
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Trifani, R., Noverita, T. A. Hadi, and E. Sinaga. "Antibacterial activity of endosymbiotic fungi isolated from marine sponges collected from Kotok Kecil Island, Seribu Islands, Jakarta." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 948, no. 1 (December 1, 2021): 012069. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/948/1/012069.
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Abstract Endosymbiont fungi from marine sponges are a rich source of medicinally active compounds. Indonesia has a huge number of marine sponges. This research was conducted to determine the antibacterial potential of endosymbiont fungi isolated from marine sponges collected from Kotok Kecil Island, Seribu Islands. The screening was conducted with two methods, the modified GIBEX and disc diffusion. Species of marine sponges were isolated, namely Petrosia sp., Stylissa carteri, Cinachyrella australiensis, Callyspongia sp., Petrosia nigrians, and Stylissa massa, and obtained 9 isolates of endosymbiont fungi. The GIBEX test against Escherichia coli and Streptococcus mutans showed that ethyl acetate extract had strongest antibacterial activity. Disc diffusion test of ethyl acetate extract, five isolates had antibacterial activity against S. mutans and four against E. coli. The isolate that showed the strongest antibacterial activity was from Petrosia sp. Which has an inhibition zone of 8.4 mm against E. coli and 7.45 mm against S. mutans. The main active compounds from the isolate of Petrosia sp. are butylhydroxytoluene and phthalic acid di-(2-propylpentyl) esters. Based on this study, we concluded that the endosymbiont fungi of marine sponges are potential to be developed for further development as source of antibacterial agents.
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Taheri, Parisa, Rumi Kaida, Khondoker M. G. Dastogeer, Kwame Sarpong Appiah, Michiko Yasuda, Keisuke Tanaka, Hossein Mardani Korrani, Majid Azizi, Shin Okazaki, and Yoshiharu Fujii. "Isolation and Functional Characterization of Culture-Dependent Endophytes Associated with Vicia villosa Roth." Agronomy 12, no. 10 (October 5, 2022): 2417. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy12102417.
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In a natural ecosystem, endophytic fungi in the internal tissues of plants help to improve the growth of the host plants and to decrease the negative effects of biotic and abiotic stresses without having adverse effects. In Japan, Vicia villosa (hairy vetch), a legume plant with a high capacity to fix nitrogen, is usually used as a cover crop before soybeans to enhance the fertility and structure of the soil. This study aimed to isolate endophytic fungi associated with different tissues of hairy vetch and to evaluate their potential for growth-promoting and biocontrol effects in plants. Thirty-three fungal endophytes belonging to Ascomycota and Basidiomycota were isolated from the leaf, stem, and root tissues of hairy vetch grown under both greenhouse and field conditions. The highest colonization frequency in both the greenhouse and field-grown hairy vetch plants was obtained from the root tissues. All isolates were checked for indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) and siderophore production. The maximum IAA content in the culture filtrate (4.21 μg mL−1) was produced by the isolate hvef7 (Cladosporium cladosporioides), followed by hvef18 (Penicillium simplicissimum) (3.02 μg mL−1) and hvef1 (Cladosporium pseudocladosporioides) (2.32 μg mL−1). Nineteen isolates among a total of thirty-three isolates produced siderophores. Moreover, some of the isolated strains could solubilize phosphate and potassium. Most of the isolates showed antagonistic potential against Calonectria ilicicola. The results of this study show that endophytic fungi isolated from hairy vetch have the potential for application as plant growth promotion fungi (PGPF) to promote plant growth and control disease in sustainable agriculture.
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Ariyo, Adeniran Lateef, Makun Hussaini Anthony, and Muhammad Hadiza Lami. "Survey of Mycotoxigenic Fungi in Concentrated Poultry Feed in Niger State, Nigeria." Journal of Food Research 2, no. 2 (March 27, 2013): 128. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jfr.v2n2p128.
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In Nigeria, concentrated poultry feed is a vital component of animal production and health but there was no reliable mycogram in Niger state, Nigeria. As a result this study determined the incidence of mycotoxigenic fungi in both commercial and privately milled concentrated poultry feeds. A total of 100 poultry feed samples consisting of 52 privately milled poultry feed and 48 commercial feed samples were collected. Mycoflora in the feed was determined. Nine fungi genera were isolated. The most frequently isolated fungi genera in both privately milled and commercial feed was <em>Aspergillus</em> <em>spp </em>which was about 40% of mould isolate. <em>Penicillium spp </em>is 20% in private feed and 13% in commercial feed. A total of 874 fungi were isolated consisting of 458 fungi species in privately milled feed and 416 fungi species found in commercial feed. Mycotoxigenic fungi genera, <em>Aspergillus, Penicillium, Fusarium and Alternaria</em> were isolated. <em>Aspergillus flavus</em> is the commonest isolated fungi species.
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Zainal ariffin, Zaidah. "Aspergillus sydowii Strain SCAU066 and Aspergillus versicolor Isolate BAB-6580: Potential Source of Xylanolytic, Cellulolytic and Amylolytic Enzymes." Science Letters 14, no. 2 (June 1, 2020): 15. http://dx.doi.org/10.24191/sl.v14i2.9539.
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Fungi is known to produce a wide range of biologically active metabolites and enzymes. Enzymes produced by fungi are utilized in food and pharmaceutical industries because of their rich enzymatic profile. Filamentous fungi are particularly interesting due to their high production of extracellular enzymes which has a large industrial potential. The aim of this study is to isolate potential soil fungi species that are able to produce functional enzymes for industries. Five Aspergillus species were successfully isolated from antibiotic overexposed soil (GPS coordinate of N3.093219 E101.40269) by standard microbiological method. The isolated fungi were identified via morphological observations and molecular tools; polymerase chain reactions, ITS 1 (5’- TCC GTA GGT GAA CCT GCG G3’) forward primer and ITS 4 (5’-TCC TCC GCT TAT TGA TAT GC-3’) reverse primer. The isolated fungi were identified as Aspergillus sydowii strain SCAU066, Aspergillus tamarii isolate TN-7, Aspergillus candidus strain KUFA 0062, Aspergillus versicolor isolate BAB-6580, and Aspergillus protuberus strain KAS 6024. Supernatant obtained via submerged fermentation of the isolated fungi in potato dextrose broth (PDB) and extracted via centrifugation was loaded onto specific media to screen for the production of xylanolytic, cellulolytic and amylolytic enzymes. The present findings indicate that Aspergillus sydowii strain SCAU066 and Aspergillus versicolor isolate BAB-6580 have great potential as an alternative source of xylanolytic, cellulolytic and amylolytic enzymes.
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Rizkyanti, Nilam Ratna, Herman Herman, and Fika Aryati. "Isolasi Fungi Endofit Daun Kopi Robusta (Coffea canephora)." Proceeding of Mulawarman Pharmaceuticals Conferences 14 (December 31, 2021): 44–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.25026/mpc.v14i1.569.
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Endophytic fungi are organisms that live in plant tissues that have the potential to produce the same secondary metabolites as their host. This study attempted to isolate and also characterize endophytic fungi from Robusta coffee leaves (Coffea canephora). Data collection was carried out in several stages, namely isolation of endophytic fungi by surface sterilization method, and conventional characterization of endophytic fungi by observing the morphology of endophytic fungi. The results showed that as many as 4 isolates of endophytic fungi were isolated from Robusta coffee leaves (Coffea canephora) with macroscopic characteristics of white color with orange circle edges, cotton-like shape, and green and orange spots on the underside of the fungus.
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Bååth, Erland. "A critical examination of the soil washing technique with special reference to the effect of the size of the soil particles." Canadian Journal of Botany 66, no. 8 (August 1, 1988): 1566–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b88-215.
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The fungal species composition found by using the soil washing technique was affected by the number of species that were isolated from each particle. The particular species that were present were also of importance. Usually, slow-growing fungi were less often isolated if many other species or if heavily sporulating isolates were present. Faster growing species were also affected. Thus, Mortierella pulchella was seldom isolated from a soil particle with another Mortierella species. The use of small particles, where more than one isolate was seldom found, favoured the isolation of slow-growing fungi. The use of small particles with the soil washing technique thus appeared to give a more realistic picture of the fungal community.
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Sukmawati, Dalia, Atin Supiyani Supiyani, Zakiah Nur Afifah, Mutia Balqis Balqis, Nabilah Nov Fikriyyah, Raden Haryo Bimo Setiarto, and Dessy Putriana Sari. "Kemampuan Kapang Dark Septate Endophyte dari Akar Tanaman Aren dalam Menghambat Ganoderma sp." Jurnal Ilmu Pertanian Indonesia 29, no. 2 (January 8, 2024): 278–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.18343/jipi.29.2.278.
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Ganoderma is a fungal pathogen that can cause rot disease at the base of plant stems. This disease threatens oil palm production, especially in Southeast Asia. Trichoderma sp. fungi can control Basal Stem Rot disease in Ganoderma boninense but are ineffective. One solution that can be done to inhibit the growth of Ganoderma sp. is by using Dark Septate Endophyte (DSE) fungi. Research on DSE isolated from sugar palm (Arenga pinnata Merr.) has not been widely studied. The sugar palm plant is related to the oil palm plant in the Arecaceae family. This study aims to analyze the potential of DSE fungi from the roots of the sugar palm plant in inhibiting the pathogenic fungi Ganoderma sp. The stages of this research were isolation and purification of DSE fungi from sugar palm roots, DSE antagonists against Ganoderma sp., and DSE volatile compounds against Ganoderma sp. The results of isolation and purification showed that there were 18 DSE isolates grouped based on morphological similarities in the form of DSE fungi colony colors, where there were ten fungi isolates representing ten different colony colors, namely, isolate A.3.1 (1); A.3.2 (2); A.4.1 (2); A.4.1 (3); A.4.2; A.5.2; A.5.3; A.6.1(a); A.6.2(a); A.6.4(a). A total of 8 fungi isolates were tested for antagonists and volatile compound testing on Ganoderma sp. The results of the antagonist test showed that DSE A4.1(2) had the highest percentage of inhibition with a value of 36.12%, and isolated A6.2 had the highest percentage of inhibition and the lowest with a value of 15.65%. The testing results for volatile compounds showed that the isolate of DSE A4.2 had the highest percentage of inhibition against Ganoderma sp. at 18.25%. In comparison, the lowest inhibition percentage was obtained from DSE A5.2 fungi isolate with a value of 0.43%.
Keywords: dark septate endophyte, ganoderma, sugar palm (Arenga pinnata Merr.)
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Ojeda-Robertos, Nadia Florencia, Liliana Aguilar-Marcelino, Agustín Olmedo-Juárez, Carlos Luna-Palomera, Jorge Alonso Peralta-Torres, Maria Eugenia López-Arellano, and Pedro Mendoza-de-Gives. "In vitro predatory activity of nematophagous fungi isolated from water buffalo feces and from soil in the Mexican southeastern." Revista Brasileira de Parasitologia Veterinária 28, no. 2 (April 2019): 314–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1984-29612019011.
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Abstract Nematophagous fungi from the feces of water buffalo and soil from southeastern Mexico were isolated, and their in vitro predatory activity against Haemonchus contortus infective larvae (L3) (HcL3) was assessed. The fungi were isolated by sprinkling soil or feces on water agar plates. Six series of 10 Petri dishes containing a 7-day-old culture of each fungus and a series without fungi as the control were prepared. Five hundred HcL3 were added to each plate. The plates were incubated at room temperature. The average of recovered HcL3 was considered to estimate the larval reduction rate. Four nematophagous fungi isolates corresponding to Arthrobotrys oligospora, var microspora (strains 4-276, 269 and 50-80) and one identified as A. oligospora,var. oligospora (isolates 48-80) were obtained from water buffalo feces. From the soil, five isolates were isolated; three corresponded to A. musiformis (Bajío, Yumca and Macuspana isolates), and two isolates were identified as A. oligospora (Comalcalco and Jalapa de Méndez isolates). The predatory activity of isolates from water buffalo feces ranged between 85.9 and 100%. Meanwhile, the fungi from the soil ranged between 55.5 and 100% (p≤0.05). The nematophagous fungi obtained could have important implications in the control of parasites of importance in the livestock industry.
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Wubah, D. A., M. S. Fuller, and D. E. Akin. "Isolation of monocentric and polycentric fungi from the rumen and feces of cows in Georgia." Canadian Journal of Botany 69, no. 6 (June 1, 1991): 1232–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b91-158.
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Three monocentric and two polycentric obligately anaerobic zoosporic fungi were isolated from the rumen, freshly voided feces, and dry and moist feces. Rumen isolates were morphologically similar to fecal isolates from the same animal. The monocentric isolates were Piromyces communis, Neocallimastix frontalis, and Caecomyces communis. The polycentric isolates were Orpinomyces bovis and Orpinomyces sp. type PC3. Piromyces communis and N. frontalis were obtained from feces stored for 3 and 6 months, respectively. Orpinomyces bovis and Orpinomyces sp. type PC3 were isolated from dry feces, but not moist feces, stored for 3 and 6 months, respectively. Caecomyces communis was isolated only from feces stored for 6 weeks. All the isolates, except C. communis, formed melanized sporangia in pure culture. Structures that were morphologically similar to the melanized sporangia of rumen fungi were observed in fecal smears.The fecal isolates grew under conditions similar to the rumen, but not under aerobic conditions. Key words: rumen fungi, Chytridiomycetes, fecal fungi.
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Ernawati, Ernawati, Ana Maria Senari, Yoristo Mellu, and Milan Boimau. "Agensi Hayati Jamur Endofit Daun dan Batang Apel Timor." Jurnal Biologi UNAND 11, no. 1 (April 3, 2023): 22. http://dx.doi.org/10.25077/jbioua.11.1.22-28.2023.
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ABSTRACTThis study discusses the antimicrobial potential and biological agents of the endophytic fungi on the leaves and stems of Timor apples. Apple plants have been developed in Timor Tengah Selatan (TTS) Regency; however, they slowly stop producing and even die due to disease. Disease control can be done through biological agents with endophytic fungi. This study aims to determine the antimicrobial activity and biological agency of endophytic fungi found in the stems and leaves of the Timor apple plant. This study uses a laboratory experiment method by testing the antimicrobial activity of the isolated endophytic fungi with the well method against E. coli and P. aeruginosa bacteria and C. albicans fungi. Biological agency against pathogenic fungi was tested using antagonist test. The inhibition and antagonist zone data were analyzed descriptively. The study results show that there were three isolates of endophytic fungi, namely IH isolate (black isolate) of Aspergillus sp., IA isolate (bluish green isolate) of Aspergillus sp., and IP isolate (white isolate) of Fusarium sp. Endophytic fungal isolates were found to have activity in inhibiting the growth of the test microbes, with the average inhibition zone of IH of Aspergillus sp. against C. albicans was 15.6 mm, IP of Fusarium sp against P. aeruginosa was 15.9 mm, and IA of Aspergilus sp against E.coli was 11.2 mm. The compound test shows that the endophytic fungal isolates contained alkaloids, terpenoids, and flavonoids. Meanwhile, the antagonist test shows that endophytic fungi were able to inhibit the growth of pathogenic fungi with the growth area coveredthe pathogenic fungus and the widest area was Aspergillus sp.Keywords: antimicrobial, biological agents, endophytic fungi, stems and leaves of Timor apples
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Nurikhsanti, Mikiyal, Lalu Zulkifli, Dewa Ayu Citra Rasmi, and Prapti Sedijani. "Antagonistic Test of Bacteria Producing Siderophore and Protease Enzymes from The Rhizosfer of Peanut Plants on The Growth of Pathogenic Fungus Colletotrichum gloeosporioides." Jurnal Biologi Tropis 24, no. 1 (January 17, 2024): 100–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.29303/jbt.v24i1.6459.
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This study aims to determine the inhibitory effect of bacterial isolates producing siderophores and protease enzymes on the growth of the pathogenic fungus Colletotrichum gloeosporioides. The initial stage of research begins with the isolation of pathogenic bacteria and fungi, and is followed by testing the production of siderophores and protease enzymes. Bacteria were isolated from the rhizosphere of peanut plants, while pathogenic fungi were isolated from large chili fruit infected with anthracnose disease taken from Jelantik Village, Central Lombok Regency. Characterization of isolates for siderophore production used the Arnow method, while the protease enzyme production test used SKIM Milk Agar media. Next, the inhibition test of bacterial isolates against pathogenic fungi was carried out using the dual culture method. Characterization of potential isolates was carried out by observing bacterial colony morphology, gram staining and biochemical tests. The results of the siderophore production test showed that there was one isolate capable of producing siderophores with the isolate code RKT2. Meanwhile, the protease enzyme production test showed that all bacterial isolates produced protease enzymes, where isolate RKT9 had the highest Proteolytic Index, namely 1.57. The two isolates showed different inhibitory test results, namely isolate RKT2 had high inhibition, while RKT9 had low inhibition. The results of the research showed that a bacterial isolate (RKT2) from the rhizosphere of peanut plants was able to inhibit the growth of the pathogenic fungus Colletotrichum gloeosporioides in the high category.
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Vu, Tam, Richard Sikora, and Rüdiger Hauschild. "Fusarium oxysporum endophytes induced systemic resistance against Radopholus similis on banana." Nematology 8, no. 6 (2006): 847–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156854106779799259.
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AbstractFour mutualistic endophytic fungal isolates were investigated for their ability to induce systemic resistance in banana toward the burrowing nematode, Radopholus similis in glasshouse experiments. Two isolates of Fusarium oxysporum and one of F. cf. diversisporum isolated from the cortical tissue of banana, and another isolate of F. oxysporum isolated from tomato, were compared. When the root systems of seedling banana plants were pre-inoculated with the four endophytic fungi, R. similis root penetration was reduced by 29-39% and 22-41% 5 and 15 days after nematode inoculation, respectively. Induction of systemic resistance to R. similis in banana roots by the same endophytic fungi was tested in a split-root system. Depending on the isolate, the penetration rates decreased between 30-38.5% and 26.7-45% after 5 and 15 days in the untreated half of the split-root system of plants treated with the endophytic strains when compared to those treated without the fungi. This is the first time that systemic resistance induced by a fungal endophyte has been demonstrated in banana.
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Prathibha K. Y., Marhoob Banu, Keshamma E. "Identification of Aspergillus Fumigatus using Molecular Techniques." Proceeding International Conference on Science and Engineering 11, no. 1 (February 18, 2023): 983–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.52783/cienceng.v11i1.222.
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Plant pathogenic fungi belong to the Kingdom Fungi comprising of over 100,000 registered species grouped into about 4,300 genera. Many of these fungi infect a variety of cereals particularly stored condition. A study was conducted to evaluate the occurrence of Plant pathogenic fungi associated with stored Sorghum vulgare grains. The fungal was subjected to the fungal load for exact identification using the molecular biology technique. The fungal isolates were isolated from the collected grains. Results revealed that Genus Aspergillus fumigatus was the most frequent isolate which are known to produce Aflatoxins. A combination of many different isolates was present on the grains. The molecular identification method using Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) helped in the identification of fungi at the species level with precision and in the least possible time. In conclusion, the isolated species were identified morphologically as Aspergillus fumigatus. The fungal samples were then identified through molecular techniques by DNA sequencing which was identified as Aspergillus fumigatus. The molecular techniques used in this study, has added great benefits to the process of distinguishing between similar species of fungi in comparison with the classical techniques. Furthermore, there is a need for having a National Level, Germplasm collection centre and detailed database of all the naturally occurring post-harvest Plant pathogenic fungi for easy intervention and timely overcoming of situations in case of any emergency.
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Chang, Runlei, Xiuyu Zhang, Hongli Si, Guoyan Zhao, Xiaowen Yuan, Tengteng Liu, Tanay Bose, and Meixue Dai. "Ophiostomatoid species associated with pine trees (Pinus spp.) infested by Cryphalus piceae from eastern China, including five new species." MycoKeys 83 (October 13, 2021): 181–208. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.83.70925.
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Cryphalus piceae attacks various economically important conifers. Similar to other bark beetles, Cr. piceae plays a role as a vector for an assortment of fungi and nematodes. Previously, several ophiostomatoid fungi were isolated from Cr. piceae in Poland and Japan. In the present study, we explored the diversity of ophiostomatoid fungi associated with Cr. piceae infesting pines in the Shandong Province of China. We isolated ophiostomatoid fungi from both galleries and beetles collected from our study sites. These fungal isolates were identified using both molecular and morphological data. In this study, we recovered 175 isolates of ophiostomatoid fungi representing seven species. Ophiostoma ips was the most frequently isolated species. Molecular and morphological data indicated that five ophiostomatoid fungal species recovered were previously undescribed. Thus, we proposed these five novel species as Ceratocystiopsis yantaiensis, C. weihaiensis, Graphilbum translucens, Gr. niveum, and Sporothrix villosa. These new ophiostomatoid fungi add to the increasing number of fungi known from China, and this evidence suggests that numerous novel taxa are awaiting discovery in other forests of China.
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Ali, Alimuddin, and Herlina Rante. "Karakterisasi Mikrobia Rizosfer asal Tanaman Ginseng Jawa (Talinum triangulare) berdasarkan Gen Ribosomal 16S rRNA dan 18S rRNA." JURNAL BIOLOGI PAPUA 3, no. 2 (October 20, 2018): 74–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.31957/jbp.552.
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The rhizosphere is a biologically active zone of the soil around plant roots that contains soil-borne microbes including bacteria and fungi. The microbes were isolated from rhizosphere soil roots of Java ginseng. The population of microbes was estimated by plate count method. The isolates were identified based on a great variety of morphological, and cultural characteristics. The total of rhizosphere soil microbe population were 20.91(106 cfu.g−1soils) and showed that 12 isolates of bacteria, 15 isolates of actinomycetes, and 10 isolates of fungi which were found in all of soil samples. The molecular analysis of the ribosomal genes showed that the bacterial isolate, actinomycetes and fungi were closely related to of Staphylococcus sp. DGM (JF923460), Streptomyces avidinii (EU593640) and fungi Aspergillus niger (HQ379853), respectively. Key words: rhizosphere, Java ginseng, 16S rRNA gene, 18S rRNA gene
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Ahmad Azmi, Nur Sabrina, and Asma Adiba Hisham. "ISOLATION AND MORPHOLOGICAL IDENTIFICATION OF SOIL FUNGI FROM AGRICULTURAL SOIL IN KUANTAN." Journal CleanWAS 5, no. 1 (March 31, 2021): 31–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.26480/jcleanwas.01.2021.31.34.
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Soil fungi possess a great number of potential benefits that could be applied in various fields. They are well-known for acting as plant-growth promoter, biocontrol agent of plant diseases and involves in bioremediation. In this study, the fungi were isolated from used agricultural soil in Glasshouse and Nursery Complex (GNC), International Islamic University Malaysia, Kuantan, Pahang using serial dilution and plating techniques. Around 10 isolates of soil fungi were successfully isolated and the identification of all isolates were based on their cultural and morphological characteristics. The fungi were discovered to be from genus Cladorrhinum, Penicillium, Paecilomyces and Aspergillus.
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Mardin, Herinda, Syamsul, Ilyas H. Husain, and Muh Nur Akbar. "ISOLASI DAN IDENTIFIKASI JAMUR MIKROSKOPIS PADA AMPAS SAGU (Metroxylon sagu Rottb.) SEBAGAI SUMBER BELAJAR BIOLOGI SMA." Jurnal Biogenerasi 7, no. 1 (February 28, 2022): 119–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.30605/biogenerasi.v7i1.1690.
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This study aims to isolate and identify the microscopic fungi found in sago pulp (Metroxylon sagu Rottb). The results of this study were used as a learning resource for high school biology class X on fungi. This research is a descriptive study that aims to obtain isolates of microscopic fungi isolated from sago pulp (Metroxylon sagu Rottb). After the microscopic fungi isolates were found, the identification process was carried out. The results of the identification of microscopic fungi were used as a source of high school biology learning in the form of LKPD and then tested the validity of the LKPD. The results showed that the type of microscopic fungi found in sago pulp (Metroxylon sagu Rottb) was from the Ascomycetes class, especially the Eurotiales order with the species name Aspergillus sp. and the learning resource is declared valid with a CVI value of 1.00 so it is suitable to be used as a source of learning biology on fungi in class X high school.
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Okorski, Adam, and Barbara Majchrzak. "Fungi isolated from soil before the seeding and after harvest of pea (Pisum sativum L.) after application of bio-control product EM 1 TM." Acta Agrobotanica 60, no. 1 (2012): 113–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.5586/aa.2007.014.
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A field experiment was performed during the years 2003- -2005. An influence of EM (Effective Microorganisms) on the composition and number of fungi isolated from soil was found in the experiment. A total of 18111 fungal cultures were isolated from the roots of pea at flowering stage. The highest amount and the lowest diversity of fungi were obtained from rhizosphere of pea treated with pesticides (3257 colonies). The greatest diversity of fungi was found in the case of rhizosphere and rhizoplane, where EM was used in soil with the supplement of pesticides. The greatest amount and diversity of fungi were found from the plant roots of the control object. During the flowering stage, the fungi most frequently isolated from soil belonged to the genus <i>Penicillium</i> (40.78% of all isolates) and <i>Fusarium</i> (33.37% of all isolates).