Relevant bibliographies by topics / The Hut "Crater" plug

Academic literature on the topic 'The Hut "Crater" plug'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 10 December 2022
Last updated: 19 February 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "The Hut "Crater" plug"

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Shatalov, Mykola. "African lakes Nios and Mone — indicators of unique carbon element-deep respiration of the Earth." Ukrainian journal of remote sensing, no. 21 (July 15, 2019): 4–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.36023/ujrs.2019.21.150.

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As a result of the analysis of space, geological and tectonic information, it was established that the true causes of natural ecolymnological disasters in Cameroon in 1984 and 1986 were modern fault-block tectonic movements, which are closely associated with seismic and geodynamics in one of the sections of the “living” Adamawa Mountains. The main cause of catastrophes must be considered the activation of endogenous processes occurring in the mantle and the tectonosphere of the Earth. Cosmo- and rotogenesis of the planet Earth, in the near-surface parts of the Earth’s crust of the Adamava mountain segment, led to intensive mountain-building and heat exchange processes, the causes and mechanism of which are closely associated with the rise of abnormally hot magmatic material and gas-liquid fluids containing CO2 from the mantle. Favorable transport routes for heat and mass transfer in the Earth’s lithosphere are volcanic channels, as well as the orthogonal and diagonal network of deep faults. At the same time, volcanic channels should be considered as unique drain pipes of our planet. The lethal carbon dioxide ejected from the depths of Lakes Nyos and Monun is mainly a differentiate of igneous melts, and the latter, in turn, have mantle “roots” extending to a depth of 200–300 km. The volcano-crater lakes Nios and Monun are confined to the nodes of the intersection of “living” deep faults, revealing the deep horizons of the planet, where in magmatic foci CO2 is predominant as products of differentiation. The author proposed a mechanism for the formation of a solid gas hydrate shell, a relatively tightly sealed volcanic crater. This giant gas hydrate plug prevented the gradual-passive circulation, i. e. outflow of CO2 into the hydrosphere and atmosphere coming from deep and intermediate magmatic foci. So, under the gas hydrate shell of the lakes Nios and Monun, a large amount of CO2 accumulated. Explosive emissions of significant amounts of lethal gas could appear only with the geodynamic activation of the earth’s crust, where these unique volcano-crater lakes are located. Seismotectonic processes contributed to the destruction of the gas hydrate shell and the breakthrough of CO2 through fractures, cracks and through the water membrane to the surface. Emissions of gases on the volcano-crater lakes Nyos and Monun are the brightest example (indicator) of the Earth’s carbon dioxide-deep degassing.
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Bani, Philipson, Syegi Kunrat, and Devy Kamil Syahbana. "Insights into the recurrent energetic eruptions that drive Awu, among the deadliest volcanoes on Earth." Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences 20, no. 8 (August 7, 2020): 2119–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/nhess-20-2119-2020.

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Abstract. The little-known Awu volcano (Sangihe Islands, Indonesia) is among the deadliest, with a cumulative death toll of 11 048. In less than 4 centuries, 18 eruptions were recorded, including two VEI 4 and three VEI 3 eruptions with worldwide impacts. The regional geodynamic setting is controlled by a divergent-double-subduction collision and an arc–arc collision. In that context, the slab stalls in the mantle, undergoes an increase in temperature, and becomes prone to melting, a process that sustained the magmatic supply. Awu also has the particularity of hosting alternatively and simultaneously a lava dome and a crater lake throughout its activity. The lava dome passively erupted through the crater lake and induced strong water evaporation from the crater. A conduit plug associated with this dome emplacement subsequently channeled the gas emission to the crater wall. However, with the lava dome cooling, the high annual rainfall eventually reconstituted the crater lake and created a hazardous situation on Awu. Indeed with a new magma injection, rapid pressure buildup may pulverize the conduit plug and the lava dome, allowing lake water injection and subsequent explosive water–magma interaction. The past vigorous eruptions are likely induced by these phenomena, possible scenarios for future events.
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Wu, Liang, Zhijian Liang, Ming Chen, and Junru Zhou. "Experiments and Fluent–Engineering Discrete Element Method-Based Numerical Analysis of Block Motion in Underwater Rock-Plug Blasting." Applied Sciences 13, no. 1 (December 27, 2022): 348. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app13010348.

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Underwater rock-plug blasting is a special blasting technique for excavating underwater inlets. In the process of rock-plug blasting excavation, the blasting-block movement from the difference in water pressure inside and outside the tunnel is one of the key factors for successful construction. Laboratory underwater rock-plug blasting experiments were conducted using small explosive charges, and a high-speed camera was adopted to observe and study block motion. Then, numerical simulations were conducted for the model experiment based on the Fluent and Engineering Discrete Element Method (EDEM) coupling program developed using the user-defined function (UDF) interface to reveal the mechanism underpinning the penetration of underwater rock-plug blasting. The results showed that the process of block motion in underwater rock-plug blasting can be divided into two stages. In the first stage, broken blocks move to two sides along the axis of the rock plug under the blast load. A blasting crater is formed on the downstream end face of the rock plug under the effects of the free face, while the upstream end face is loosened, or blocks are ejected under the influence of the water pressure. In the second stage, blocks flow to the broken-rock pit under the effects of water scouring and gravity, and, finally, the rock plug is penetrated. The larger the head of water and the opening angle of the rock plug are, the better the penetration effect for the rock plug is. The Fluent–EDEM coupling algorithm was in good agreement with the experimental results in terms of the rock-plug blasting effect and the velocity curve of the blocks, indicating that the coupling method had a favorable effect in simulating the interaction of blocks and water during underwater rock-plug blasting. The findings are expected to promote the application and popularization of the rock-plug blasting technique and can provide a reference for rock-plug blasting in water-intake and water-diversion projects.
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Liu, Jianfeng, Yuan Long, and Chong Ji. "Ballistic performance study on the finite steel target subjected to normal and oblique impact by copper explosively formed projectile." International Journal of Protective Structures 9, no. 4 (May 15, 2018): 461–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2041419618767168.

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Subjected to normal and oblique impact by copper explosively formed projectile which is a kind of easy-deformable and soft projectile, ballistic performance of a 40-mm thickness steel target has distinct characteristics compared with the dynamic deformation of target penetrated by a rigid projectile. The failure modes of steel targets change from perforation to embedment or ricochet as the angle of obliquity increases. Correspondingly, microstructure evolution of the crater wall and morphology feature of fracture surfaces are analyzed to reveal different failure mechanisms of steel targets. The results show that the finite steel target experiences the failure mode of plug before the obliquity reaches 15° and thereafter the copper explosively formed projectile will be embedded into the crater bottom causing a big bulge on the rear surface of the steel target at low obliquities. At high angles of obliquity, the main body of copper explosively formed projectile will be ricocheted along the front surface of steel target and the critical angle of projectile ricochet is found to lie in 50° to 60° in our study. The penetration efficiency and capability of explosively formed projectile decreases as the obliquity angle increases. The results will not only help to reveal penetration mechanisms of explosively formed projectile against metallic target but also help to improve the ballistic resistance of armors.
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Khan, MMH, and MN Molla. "Damage potential and control of the common mormon butterfly, Papilio polytes Cramer on citrus." Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bangladesh, Science 47, no. 1 (June 21, 2021): 35–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jasbs.v47i1.54185.

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Studies were conducted to know the damage potential and effect of insecticides on leaf area feeding and larval mortality of the common Mormon butterfly, Papilio polytes Cramer in the homestead garden and germplasm center of the Patuakhali Science and Technology University (PSTU) campus and in the laboratory, Department of Entomology, PSTU, Patuakhali, Bangladesh during October to December 2016. Ten Citrus host plants such as Kagoji lime-BAU-1, BAU-2, BAU-3, BAU-4, BARI kagoji, elachi lime, sweet orange, orange, jamir and pumelo were used as study materials. To determine the effects of insecticides on leaf area feeding and larval mortality, five treatments viz., T1 = Voliam flexi 300SC @ 0.5 ml/l of water, T2 = Voliam flexi 300SC @ 1.0 ml/l of water T3 = Bioneem Plus @ 0.5 ml/l of water, T4 = Bioneem Plus @ 1.0 ml/l of water T5 = control were applied. Under natural field conditions, the highest percentage of leaf infestation was recorded in orange, followed by BAU-3, BAU-4, malta and elachi lime, while the lowest percentage was in BARI kagoji on 23 and 30 November, 2016. At the top canopy, the highest percentage of leaf infestation was recorded in orange and elachi (56%), while the lowest was in BAU-4 (8%). At the middle canopy, the highest percentage of leaf infestation was recorded in orange (56%), while the lowest was in jambura (12%). At the lower canopy, the highest percentage of leaf infestation was recorded in BAU-3 (40%), while the lowest was in elachi (8%). At the top canopy, significantly the highest percentage of infested leaves per branch was observed in orange (51.39%) and the lowest percentage of infested leaves per branch was in BAU-4 kagoji lime (10.86%). At middle and lower canopies, no significant difference was observed in the percentage of infested leaves per branch among different citrus varieties. The lowest percentage (6%) of leaf area consumed by 4th instar larva was recorded in T2 (Voliam flexi 300SC @ 1.0 ml/l of water) treated leaf, while the highest percentage of leaf area consumption was found in T5 (control) at 3 HAT. The highest percent mortality (100%) of larvae was found in T2 treated citrus plant, while the lowest percent mortality was in the T3 (70%) treated plant. No mortality was recorded in the untreated control (T5) plant. J. Asiat. Soc. Bangladesh, Sci. 47(1): 35-46, June 2021
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Samalan, A., S. Basnet, L. Bonechi, L. Cimmino, R. D’Alessandro, M. D’Errico, A. Giammanco, et al. "End-to-end simulations of the MUon RAdiography of VESuvius experiment." Journal of Instrumentation 17, no. 01 (January 1, 2022): C01015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1748-0221/17/01/c01015.

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Abstract The MUon RAdiography of VESuvius (MURAVES) project aims at the study of the summital cone of Mt. Vesuvius, an active volcano near Naples (Italy), by measuring its density profile through muon flux attenuation. Its data, combined with those from gravimetric and seismic measurement campaigns, will be used for better defining the volcanic plug at the bottom of the crater. We report on the development of an end-to-end simulation framework, in order to perform accurate investigations of the effects of the experimental constraints and to compare simulations, under various model hypotheses, with the actual observations. The detector simulation setup is developed using GEANT4 and a study of cosmic particle generators has been conducted to identify the most suitable one for our simulation framework. To mimic the real data, GEANT4 raw hits are converted to clusters through a simulated digitization: energy deposits are first summed per scintillator bar, and then converted to number of photoelectrons with a data-driven procedure. This is followed by the same clustering algorithm and same tracking code as in real data. We also report on the study of muon transport through rock using PUMAS and GEANT4. In this paper we elaborate on the rationale for our technical choices, including trade-off between speed and accuracy. The developments reported here are of general interest in muon radiography and can be applied in similar cases.
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Lobón, Sandra, Margalida Joy, Isabel Casasús, Pablo Jose Rufino-Moya, and Mireia Blanco. "Field Pea Can Be Included in Fattening Concentrate without Deleterious Effects on the Digestibility and Performance of Lambs." Animals 10, no. 2 (February 4, 2020): 243. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani10020243.

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The inclusion of different proportions of field pea (0%, 10%, 20% and 30%) for partially replacing soybean in the fattening concentrate of lambs was studied for its impact on apparent digestibility and performance during fattening. In the in vivo digestibility trial, 12 lambs (33 kg body weight) were placed in metabolic crates for two periods and received restricted amounts of concentrate and straw. The performance trial involved 54 lambs (13.4 kg body weight) that received concentrate plus straw ad libitum from weaning to slaughter. The intake of crude protein was higher in the 0% pea group than in the other groups (p < 0.05). The inclusion of field pea did not affect the digestibility, N retained or blood metabolites. In the performance trial, most traits were not affected, although a cubic effect of field pea inclusion on hot carcass weight and dressing percentage was observed (p < 0.05). The inclusion of field pea did not affect total protein, urea or β-hydroxybutyrate concentrations but it affected creatinine and cholesterol concentrations (p < 0.05). In conclusion, field pea can constitute up to 30% of the fattening concentrate of lambs without deleterious effects on the digestibility and performance during fattening, and with minor effects on carcass characteristics.
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8

D'Alessandro, Raffaello, F. Ambrosino, G. Baccani, L. Bonechi, M. Bongi, A. Caputo, R. Ciaranfi, et al. "Volcanoes in Italy and the role of muon radiography." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 377, no. 2137 (December 10, 2018): 20180050. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2018.0050.

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Cosmic-ray muon radiography (muography), an imaging technique that can provide measurements of rock densities within the top few 100 m of a volcanic cone, has now achieved a spatial resolution of the order of 10 m in optimal detection conditions. Muography provides images of the top region of a volcano edifice with a resolution that is considerably better than that typically achieved with other conventional methods (i.e. gravimetric). We expect such precise measurements, to provide us with information on anomalies in the rock density distribution, which can be affected by dense lava conduits, low-density magma supply paths or the compression with the depth of the overlying soil. The MUon RAdiography of VESuvius (MURAVES) project is now in its final phase of construction and deployment. Up to four muon hodoscopes, each with a surface of roughly 1 m 2 , will be installed on the slope of Vesuvius and take data for at least 12 months. We will use the muographic profiles, combined with data from gravimetric and seismic measurement campaigns, to determine the stratigraphy of the lava plug at the bottom of the Vesuvius crater, in order to infer potential eruption pathways. While the MURAVES project unfolds, others are using emulsion detectors on Stromboli to study the lava conduits at the top of the volcano. These measurements are ongoing: they have completed two measurement campaigns and are now performing the first data analysis. This article is part of the Theo Murphy meeting issue ‘Cosmic-ray muography’.
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Seebold, K. W., D. B. Langston, R. C. Kemerait, and J. E. Hudgins. "First Report of a Leaf Spot and Stem Canker Caused by Myrothecium roridum on Watermelon in the United States." Plant Disease 89, no. 3 (March 2005): 342. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pd-89-0342a.

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Myrothecium roridum Tode:Fr, pathogenic to a number of cucurbit species, causes fruit rots, cankers on crowns and stems, and leaf spots. Hosts include cantaloupe and honeydew (Cucurbita melo) and cucumber (Cucumis sativus) (1,3). In June 2004, following a period of heavy rainfall, numerous round-to-oblong, brown lesions with concentric rings were observed on leaves of watermelon (Citrullus lanatus) cv. Desert King at the Blackshank Farm in Tifton, GA. Disease was localized in the field and severity was low (<5% of leaf area affected). No symptoms were observed on fruit. Sections of tissue were removed from the margin between healthy and diseased tissue and plated on acidified, 25% potato dextrose agar (aPDA). A small plug of agar and mycelium were removed from colonies that emerged from lesions and were transferred to aPDA. Isolated colonies were characterized by a white, floccose mycelium with concentric, dark green-to-black rings of sporodochia bearing viscid masses of conidia. Conidia were cylindrical with rounded ends and measured 6 to 8 × 1.5 to 2.5 μm. The features of the fungus were consistent with the description of Myrothecium roridum (1,2). Pathogenicity tests were conducted in a temperature-controlled greenhouse. Twenty-five watermelon plants (cv. Desert King) were inoculated with a conidial suspension of M. roridum (5 × 105 conidia per ml) plus 0.1% vol/vol Tween 20. Inoculum was applied on leaves and stems until runoff with a hand-held mister, and plants were placed in a dew chamber for 72 h. Ten plants were sprayed with sterile, distilled water to serve as controls. Inoculated and noninoculated control plants were removed from the dew chamber and maintained at 25 to 28°C. Symptoms appeared 8 days after inoculation and were characterized by round, dark lesions with concentric rings; noninoculated plants were symptomless. Sections of symptomatic tissue were plated, and M. roridum was reisolated. Although M. roridum is a common pathogen of melons and cucumber, to our knowledge, this is the first field report of a leaf spot caused by M. roridum on watermelon in the United States. No further occurrences of the disease on watermelon have been observed in Georgia since the initial discovery of M. roridum in 2004; however, losses could be potentially severe if widespread infection of fruit were to occur. References: (1) B. D. Bruton. Crater Rot. Pages 49–50 in: Compendium of Cucurbit Diseases. T. A. Zitter et al., eds. The American Phytopathological Society, St. Paul, MN, 1996. (2) M. B. Ellis. Page 552 in: Dematiaceous Hyphomycetes. CAB International, Wallingford, UK, 1971. (3) D. F. Farr et al. Page 809 in: Fungi on Plants and Plant Products in the United States. The American Phytopathological Society, St. Paul, MN, 1989.
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Pardo, Natalia, Jose D. Avellaneda, Juanita Rausch, David Jaramillo-Vogel, Mariana Gutiérrez, and Anneleen Foubert. "Decrypting silicic magma/plug fragmentation at Azufral crater lake, Northern Andes: insights from fine to extremely fine ash morpho-chemistry." Bulletin of Volcanology 82, no. 12 (November 21, 2020). http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00445-020-01418-z.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "The Hut "Crater" plug"

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(13114611), Wesley James Foi Nichols. "Surface and borehole geophysical analysis of structures within the Callide Basin, eastern Central Queensland." Thesis, 2001. https://figshare.com/articles/thesis/Surface_and_borehole_geophysical_analysis_of_structures_within_the_Callide_Basin_eastern_Central_Queensland/20334999.

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Traditional geophysical techniques, such as electrical, magnetic, seismic and gamma spectroscopic methods, have been deployed across the Callide Basin, Eastern Central Queensland, intent on delineating basin -wide structures. Further, innovative surface and borehole geophysical techniques have been applied for coal mine -scale exploration and production with the intention of reducing global geological ambiguity and optimising exploration resources at Callide Coalfields.


A very low frequency electromagnetic surface impedance mapping method, the SIROLOG downhole technique, acoustic scanning, electromagnetic tomography and

full wave -form sonic borehole logging have been trialed for geological hazard and mine design applications at Callide Coalfields as the precursor to their wider

application and acceptance in the Australian coal industry.


In this thesis, the theoretical basis for these techniques is provided. However, more importantly, the case studies presented demonstrate the role that these geophysical

techniques have played in identifying geological structures critical to mining.

Reverse faults that daylight in highwalls and intrusions constitute geological hazards that affect safety, costs and scheduling in mining operations. Identification of the limit

of oxidation of coal seams (coal subcrop) is critical in mine design. During the course of this thesis, the application of geophysical techniques resulted in:

a) a major structure (the "Trap Gully Monocline") being redefined from its original

interpretation as a normal fault to a monocline that is stress -relieved by minor scale thrust faulting;

b) two previously unidentified intrusions (the Kilburnie "Homestead" plug and The Hut "Crater" plug) that impinge on mining have been discovered;

c) the delineation of two coal subcrop lines has resulted in the discovery of an additional 1.5 million tonnes of coal reserve at Boundary Hill mine and the successful redesign of mining strips at The Hut Central Valley and Eastern

Hillside brownfield sites; and

d) the first ever attempt to petrophysically characterise the lithotypes within the Callide Basin.

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Conference papers on the topic "The Hut "Crater" plug"

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Gao, Zhen, Amrit Verma, Yuna Zhao, Zhiyu Jiang, and Zhengru Ren. "A Summary of the Recent Work at NTNU on Marine Operations Related to Installation of Offshore Wind Turbines." In ASME 2018 37th International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2018-78334.

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In this paper, a summary of the recent work at NTNU on the installation of offshore wind turbines using jack-up and floating vessels will be reported. The wind turbine components considered here are the monopile foundations and the blades. The detailed discussions are given to the crane operations for installing wind turbine blades as well as novel installation methods for pre-assembled rotor-nacelle-tower. It includes numerical modelling and analysis for global dynamic responses of the installation system (installation vessels plus wind turbines) and for local structural responses of the blades in case of contact/impact. In particular, the stochastic nature of the environmental conditions (mainly wind and waves) and their influence on the global dynamic responses of the installation system will be assessed based on time-domain simulations. In addition, tugger line tension control is introduced for the final connection to the hub in order to reduce the motions of the blade and therefore the potential damages to the blades. It is then followed by a discussion about nonlinear structural analysis of the blade in contact with tower or surrounding structures using ABAQUS. Damages in the composite plies and sandwich core materials of the blade due to contact/impact for a given initial velocity are then estimated. The obtained damage distribution formulates the basis for a probabilistic assessment of structural safety during installation. Novel installation methods in which the rotor-nacelle-tower structure is pre-assembled onshore and installed on top of the foundation offshore, and the corresponding installation vessels are discussed at the end of the paper. Finally, the main conclusions and the recommendations for future work are drawn.
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