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1
Clark, Matthew. "HOLY LAND." OpenSIUC, 2010. https://opensiuc.lib.siu.edu/theses/405.
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Holy Land is an approximately 13 minute long three movement work fororchestra and choir. It is essentially a large scale ternary form, with eachmovement comprising one part of the form. The work is inspired by thecomposer’s experience of growing up in Southern Illinois and by the presenceand influence of religion in the region, to which the title is a sarcastic reference.The first movement of the work, Golden Age, represents the simplicity andinnocence of childhood, and is characterized by long sustained harmonies and aprimarily homophonic texture. The second movement, Seeker of Truth, containsa setting of the E.E. Cummings poem of the same name, and represents anemotionally turbulent adolescence, characterized by fast, perpetual rhythms anda primarily contrapuntal texture. The third movement, A Better Resurrection,contains a setting of an excerpt of the Christina Rossetti poem of the samename, and represents a nihilism-tinged adulthood, with a return to musicalmaterial similar to that of the first movement.
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Bond, Anne Cecilia. "Towards rituals in the Holy Land." Theological Research Exchange Network (TREN), 1999. http://www.tren.com.
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Bochmann, Sarah Seboldt. "Cities on hills seeking the Holy Land /." [Ames, Iowa : Iowa State University], 2009.
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May, Neal W. "Developing a Christian guide to the Holy Land." Theological Research Exchange Network (TREN), 1999. http://www.tren.com.
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Mylod, Elizabeth Jane. "Latin Christian pilgrimage in the Holy Land, 1187-1291." Thesis, University of Leeds, 2013. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/5880/.
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This thesis discusses the practice and sites of Latin Christian pilgrimage in the Holy Land during the period between the capture of Jerusalem by Saladin, sultan of Egypt and Damascus, in 1187, and the end of the Latin Kingdom of Jerusalem in 1291 following the capture of Acre by al-Ashraf Khalīl, the Mamlūk sultan. It demonstrates how pilgrimage of this period changed from pre-1187 practices, and discusses how pilgrimage developed from 1187 to 1291 under the influence of a continued Frankish political presence in the Holy Land which did not extend to control over most of the holy sites. It investigates this through an analysis of both the texts written by and for pilgrims at this time, and a variety of other documentary and chronicle source material. It concludes that Holy Land pilgrimage had a different character to that practised during the period 1099 to 1187 due to: 1) changing access to holy sites as a result of raiding and treaties, in some cases causing complete breaks with earlier tradition; 2) Islamic political control of holy sites; and 3) interaction with non-Latin Christians. Many of the unique aspects of Holy Land pilgrimage, with its dearth of healing shrines and indulgences, focus on the New Testament and the life of Christ, and large number of holy associations in a small area, remained unchanged, but the details of where pilgrims went and the balance of site-types visited was modified. Pilgrims visited a broader range of sites, most of which were shared with Greek and Eastern Christians, and some of which were shared with non-Christians. The geography of several sites changed, and they began to be identified with other locations. New holy sites were visited for the first time, while the area within the walls of Jerusalem was harder to visit than ever. Overall, the thesis demonstrates that Latin Christian holy sites and pilgrimage traditions in the Holy Land were not static, and continued to develop and change into the fourteenth century.
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Morton, Nicholas Edward. "The Teutonic Knights in the Holy Land :1190-1291." Thesis, Royal Holloway, University of London, 2008. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.486329.
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This study is a comprehensive analysis of the Teutonic Knights in the Holy Land. It discusses their early development and their rising importance in the Latin East. It explores the strong connection between the order's growth and the enthusiasm of the Gennan nobility for crusading to the Holy Land. Within this the brethren's relationship to the empire and the papacy at this time is examined closely. Crucially, this thesis seeks to nuance the current contention that the order was merely an expression of the emperor's Mediterranean policies and demonstrate that its intentions, like its interests, lay in the defence of Christendom, not in the wars ofthe papacy and empire. Over time the order acquired major territorial holdings in Livonia and Prussia and the effect of these growing military and financial commitments upon its Levantine branch is examined to show the way in which defeats and opportunities on these northern frontiers could impact upon the Levant. Within the Latin East itself, the order's relationship with the lay and ecclesiastical hierarchies is analysed to evaluate their contribution to the local politics of the Holy Land. Furthennore, the brethren's role in the Eastern Mediterranean is continually contrasted with that of the Templars and Hospitallers to highlight the similarities and differences between their institution and these older orders. Internally, the order's system of control and organisation is examined to discuss how effectively the institution overcame the challenges of its geographically dispersed commitments and how factions within the order, which advocated the needs ofeach separate frontier, affected its general policy. In short, this is a detailed study of the Teutonic Knights in the Holy Land which places both their military and internal affairs in the context of their responsibilities in the Baltic and the wider poli~ics of the medieval world.
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Rovik, Shefali Suppiluliumas. "The Templers in the Holy Land during the XIIth century." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1986. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.328626.
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Elitzur, Yoel. "Ancient place names in the Holy Land preservation and history /." Jerusalem : Winona Lake, Indiana : the Hebrew University Magnes Press ; Eisenbrauns, 2004. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb39200608c.
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Basé sur la thèse (Ph.D.) de l'auteur (Universiṭah ha-ʻIvrit bi-Yerushalayim, 1993), dont le titre est : Shemot meḳomot ʻatiḳim she-nishtamru befi ha-ʻArvim ba-arets.Bibliogr. p. [388]-409. Index.
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El-Awaisi, Khalid. "Mapping Islamicjerusalem : the geographical extent of the Land of Bayt al-Maqdis, the Holy Land and the land of Barakah." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.439989.
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This thesis investigates the existence of a region for Islamicjerusalem and its extents throughout Muslim centuries. The initial cause of the study is the neglect of the concept of the region that was once popular in the early Muslim periods and also the vanishing of knowledge on the extent of the region in later centuries. The Study examines critically both direct and general accounts referring to a region for Islamicjerusalem from the early Muslim period. It also distinguishes this region from the administrative political districts that existed alongside this region. Rather it equates its extent with the religious extents of the sacred regions of Makkah and Madinah. The study goes further to discuss the wider framework in which the region of Islamicjerusalem is situated; this investigates the geographical extent of another two entities, the Holy Land and the Land of Barakah, which Islamicjerusalem is a central part of. These have also been subjected to much misunderstanding and distortion. Another aspect of this research is the detailed survey of Muslim literature and their reference to the names of Islamicjerusalem. This clearly reflected a wide spectrum of usage for the names in the different connotations referring to the mosque, city and region. This is besides initiation of new terms such as Ard and Bilad to be placed before the name of the city when referring to the region. The Study clearly sets out that the region of Islamicjerusalem is an essential part of the Qur’anic and Prophetic terminologies. It lies at the heart of the Land of Barakah and has almost identical extents with the Holy Land.
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Cook, B. J. "The transmission of knowledge about the Holy Land through Europe 1271-1314." Thesis, University of Manchester, 1985. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.356101.
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Booth, Philip. "Thietmar : person, place and text in thirteenth-century Holy Land pilgrimage." Thesis, Lancaster University, 2017. http://eprints.lancs.ac.uk/86556/.
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Using the conceptual framework for the study of pilgrimage established by Eade and Sallnow centred on the breaking down of pilgrimage into three conceptual ideas (Person, Place and Text), this thesis focuses on the close analysis of a single pilgrimage account from the early thirteenth century. The account in question was written by a certain Thietmar, who travelled to the Holy Land in 1217, and is well known for its frequent references to interactions with the indigenous Christian and non-Christian inhabitants of the Holy Land as well as being the first pilgrim to describe Saint Katherine’s tomb on Mount Sinai. The thesis breaks the text of Thietmar’s pilgrimage into the three component parts of Person, Place and Text. It aims to resolve the various issues relating to the text’s manuscript transmission. It also aims to bring to light more information concerning the identity of Thietmar, his audience and how he experienced the sites of the Holy Land. Most importantly it highlights the ways in which the three aspects of the conceptual framework interacted in the context presented by Thietmar’s account. It demonstrates how a pilgrim’s experience of the Holy Land was fashioned from competing expectations derived from the pilgrim’s own cultural background and the traditions of those who the pilgrim encountered on their journeys. It also shows the current tendency to view pilgrimage as a, in many ways, historically static devotional act are misleading and that pilgrimage was a diverse and ever changing entity particularly in the thirteenth century.
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Callahan, Sara B. Dykins. "Where Christ Dies Daily: Performances of Faith at Orlando‘s Holy Land Experience." Scholar Commons, 2010. https://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/1586.
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This manuscript focuses on performances of place and faith inside the Holy Land Experience (HLE), an edutainment complex nestled in the fantasy nexus of Orlando, Florida. A self-proclaimed living-history museum, the HLE includes animatronic Bible characters and musical dramas. The HLE enacts and embodies evangelical narratives of Christianity and Christian faith, and visitors to the park are asked to join the performances, blurring the distinctions between spectators and professional actors. I argue that visitors' performances of faith invest the space of the HLE with sacredness, while the location and design of the HLE infuses the space with elements of the secular. The HLE exemplifies the performative nature of the sacred and shows how sacredness is a process (a performance), not an inherent property. Through participant observation, interviews, and critical/cultural analysis, I engage the multiple meanings of the HLE with the intention of facilitating empathic understandings of the complex, embodied phenomenon of faith as it manifests in this hybrid space.
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Bourgeois, Miriam R. "Artistic Resistance in the Holy Land: `48 Palestinian Fiction and Hip-Hop." The Ohio State University, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1563414324824884.
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Llewelyn, Robert John. "The significance of Holy Land pilgrimage for Anglican clergy : an anthropological investigation." Thesis, University of Gloucestershire, 2001. http://eprints.glos.ac.uk/3378/.
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This study aims to investigate the reactions of a group of Anglican clergy who visited the Holy land on pilgrimage in January 1995. The academic discipline is anthropological. The study employs qualitative methods of a multiple nature. Participant observation is the basis of the fieldwork. A symbolic interactionist approach forms the basis of the data analysis. A pilot study with a similar group twelve months previously laid the methodological basis for the multi-method enquiry. This was based further on my own experience over several years in leading pilgrimage parties to the Holy Land and other European pilgrimage sites. Particularly I had for twelve years led clergy parties of the sort which I accompanied in 1995. Participant observation and in-depth interviews with six main informants formed the basis of the study. Informal interviews provided further valuable data material. Further interviews afterwards at home with the main informants enabled me to gauge the ongoing impact of the pilgrimage on their lives and ministries. I review the anthropological literature on tourism, where relevant, and fully on pilgrimage. The seminal works of Victor Turner and his theories of communitas form a core discussion as the particular liminal/liminoid status of the clergy has special significance in relation to Turner's understanding of structure and anti-structure. The work of John Eade and Michael Sallnow is also central to the discussion of this thesis in their triad notion of person, place and text as underpinning the potency of the pilgrimage experience These ideas of communitas and the triad of person, place and text form substantive themes which are emically tested in the data analysis. Other themes in the data were mostly generated from the actual perceptions of the clergy pilgrims. The originality of this research is twofold. There is no previous methodological template for an ethnographic study of a group of pilgrims in any setting. As far as the Holy Land is concerned this is the first study of the impact of a pilgrimage tour there on individuals, and of clergy in particular. It also breaks new ground in being an ethnographic study of any aspect of clergy life.
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Lundgren, Linnea. ""Our Silence Would Be Criminal" : The Christian Churches' Work For Peace and Ecumenism in the Holy Land." Thesis, Ersta Sköndal högskola, Institutionen för diakoni, kyrkomusik och teologi, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:esh:diva-3939.
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Hallstoos, Brian James Creekmur Corey K. Marra Kim. "Windy city, holy land Willa Saunders Jones and black sacred music and drama /." Iowa City : University of Iowa, 2009. http://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/371.
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Fast, Kerry Louane. "Seeing through western eyes, a study of three women's Holy Land travel narratives." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape10/PQDD_0006/MQ45043.pdf.
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Hallstoos, Brian James. "Windy city, holy land: Willa Saunders Jones and black sacred music and drama." Diss., University of Iowa, 2009. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/371.
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My dissertation argues that African Americans in the 20th-century connected lynching and other acts of racial violence with Christ's crucifixion, which in turn fostered hope and even interracial amity by linking his resurrection with racial uplift. To illustrate this dynamic, I focus on musician, dramatist, and church leader Willa Saunders Jones (1901-79) and her Passion play, which she wrote in Chicago during the 1920s. Over the course of six decades, Jones produced her play annually in churches and later large civic theaters. Growing in size and splendor, the play remained intimately tied with the Black church. It also bore the impress of Jones's cultural training in Little Rock, Arkansas and Chicago, the city to which her family fled after a transforming brush with racial violence. The rise of her Passion play depended upon her musical success, most notably as a choral director. By focusing on a single cultural product over time and through several disciplinary lenses, my study contributes new insights into the role of sacred music and drama within the African American community.
Offering a brief overview of Jones and her play, my Introduction also articulates the dissertation's two central organizing concepts: the crucifixion trope and resurrection consciousness. Chapters One and Two explain why Americans, especially of African descent, made a link between the suffering of black men in America and the crucifixion of Christ (the crucifixion trope). Chapters Three and Four indicate why Jones considered sacred music and drama to be agents of racial uplift and interracial amity. The final chapter focuses on the theme of Christ's resurrection as a metaphor that animates certain responses to racial trauma (resurrection consciousness). In addition to a wide range of secondary sources, I draw upon personal interviews, court records, genealogical records, the Black press, visual images, song lyrics, correspondence, autobiographies, plays, playbills, school records, television footage, and church publications of the National Baptist Convention, USA. "Windy City, Holy Land" should be of special interest to scholars in African American Studies, American Studies, History, Religious Studies, Theatre Studies, and Women's Studies.
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Leopold, Antony Richard. "Crusading proposals of the late thirteenth and early fourteenth centuries." Thesis, Durham University, 1998. http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/977/.
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Clark, Sean Eric. "Protestants in Palestine: Reformation of Holy Land Pilgrimage in the Sixteenth and Seventeenth Centuries." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/312483.
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The historiography on western European Holy Land pilgrimage effectively ends with the fifteenth century, giving the inaccurate impression that early modern western Christians either did not visit Jerusalem or, if they did, they were not true pilgrims. Though pilgrim numbers certainly declined in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries from their medieval heights, both Catholic and, much more surprisingly, Protestant pilgrims continued to make religiously motivated journeys to Jerusalem. Some even publishing pilgrimage narratives on their return. Twenty-five pilgrimage narratives, over half by Protestant authors and published in Protestant territories, were written between the mid-sixteenth and mid-seventeenth centuries. These largely unexplored sources underscore the complexities of confessional identity in the century and a half following the start of the Reformation. Without exception, the reformers condemned pilgrimage as part of an illegitimate theology of works righteousness. Using both historical and anthropological methodologies, this dissertation addresses the question of how Protestant pilgrims dealt with the apparent conflict between religious doctrine and personal action. It concludes that in the face of such attacks, Protestant pilgrim-authors, mostly Lutherans, attempted to redeem Holy Land pilgrimage by recasting the practice so as to neutralize criticisms and reinforce Lutheran doctrine. The dissertation's first part, comprising a chapter of background on medieval pilgrimage and a second analyzing the expressed motivations for Protestant pilgrimage, examines the ways Lutheran pilgrim-authors justified both traveling to Jerusalem and publishing descriptions of that travel. It argues that Protestant authors believed Holy Land pilgrimage and Holy Land pilgrimage narratives could lead to greater understanding and appreciation of Scripture, and thus to greater faith. The second part of the dissertation consists of three chapters. Chapter three deals with the place of Jerusalem in medieval and early modern Christianity, paying particular attention to the Ottoman Jerusalem of the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries, the Jerusalem encountered by these pilgrim-authors. The next two chapters (four and five) in turn examine the way the Protestant pilgrim-authors describe their encounter with the land and people of Palestine. For many Protestant pilgrims, the desiccated landscape of Palestine, what they saw as its ruined state, was a warning for their readers about God's righteous anger at human sinfulness. Again, the authors emphasize Biblical literacy. Protestant authors constantly read the landscape around them through the Bible, and read the Bible through the landscape. The final chapter explores the descriptions of other Christians residing in the early modern Holy Land, specifically the Franciscans and varied sects of Eastern Christianity. Much scholarly attention has been, for good reason, lavished on the relationship between Christianity and Islam, how Muslims were used as a mirror for creating European Christian identity. In their discussion of other Christians, however, Protestant pilgrims are able to produce a more finely detailed picture of their own particular religious identity. By bouncing their ideas of themselves off their image of other Christians, they come to a clearer understanding of what being a Christian meant for them. In the end, pilgrimage Jerusalem, was part of the larger debate about Christian identity and legitimacy.
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Irizarry, Ashley M. "Possessing the Holy Land: The Palestine Exploration Fund and the American Palestine Exploration Society." W&M ScholarWorks, 2014. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539626767.
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Maddy-Weitzman, Edie. "Waging peace in the Holy Land : a qualitative study of Seeds of Peace, 1993-2004." Thesis, Boston University, 2005. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=845786431&sid=1&Fmt=2&clientId=78691&RQT=309&VName=PQD.
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Hischke, W. F. "In the footsteps of Jesus building the faith through a parish visit to the Holy Land /." Theological Research Exchange Network (TREN), 1992. http://www.tren.com.
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Salman, Usama G. "Strengthening the Christian presence in the Holy Land through the implementation of a strategic planning programme." Thesis, University of Wales Trinity Saint David, 2017. http://repository.uwtsd.ac.uk/960/.
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This thesis focuses on strengthening the Christian presence in the Holy Land that has been in existence for more than 2,000 years. The Christian presence there is not only about maintaining and preserving the holy shrines related to Christianity. It is also about maintaining and preserving the local Christian communities located in Palestine and Israel. These groups have had a series of challenges resulting in a critical decline in the Christian population. The research presented here applies a SWOT analysis to the history, current reality, of the Christian presence in the Holy Land and the challenges that influence its future. The benefit of using this approach allows for a concrete analysis of the problems that face the Christian community from the Palestinian-Israel conflict, economic instability, social problems, and the Christian culture predicament, identifies from the literature. The outcome of the analysis is translated into strategic solutions and actions that can be incorporated in programmes and projects to be implemented within, and by, the local Christian communities. These strategic solutions aim to revitalise the indigenous Christian presence in Palestine and Israel and encourage the development of their social, political and cultural existence, with the hope of obtaining justice, peace and reconciliation.
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Vandeburie, Jan. "Jacques de Vitry's Historia Orientalis : reform, crusading, and the Holy Land after the Fourth Lateran Council." Thesis, University of Kent, 2015. https://kar.kent.ac.uk/52666/.
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Jacques de Vitry (†1240), a noted preacher in Brabant and Languedoc, served as canon regular of Saint-Nicholas d’Oignies (1211-16), bishop of Acre (1216-29) and auxiliary bishop of Liège (1226-29), and ultimately as cardinal-bishop of Tusculum (1229-1240). Whilst his letters, sermons, and the Historia Occidentalis have been extensively studied, the Historia Orientalis, Jacques’s encyclopedic work on the Holy Land, has so far escaped any such interest. Considered as yet another crusading history or pilgrimage guide drawing on previous writings, the few editions and brief studies of this work published since the nineteenth century are based neither on a detailed textual analysis nor on a complete investigation of the manuscript tradition. This thesis, therefore, addresses an important gap in the historiographical debate by providing a detailed analysis of the contents of the Historia Orientalis and its sources, in combination with an examination of the manuscript tradition up to the early fourteenth century. In it, I argue that the work is composed of different genres, each addressing a topic that served Jacques’s agenda and his activities as theologian, preacher, historian, pilgrim, and crusader. Moreover, by examining the rich manuscript tradition, I establish the book’s legacy and show that Jacques’s contemporaries perceived the text as an eclectic work. Jacques’s combination of different popular genres contributed to the influence of the text which is preserved in no fewer than 126 extant manuscripts. The thesis falls into three sections. In the first, I introduce my investigation and provide a long overdue revised biographical note and contextualisation of Jacques’s writings. In the four chapters of the second section, I analyse the text to see how Jacques combined the editing of existing source material with his personal knowledge into a work that served the reform and crusade agenda of the Fourth Lateran Council of 1215. The four chapters discuss the medieval genres that can be found in Jacques’s work: a history of the crusades, an account on Islam, a description of the Holy Land, and an ethnographical treatise. In the third section, using codicological research to discuss the text’s compilation, influence, readership, and legacy in the thirteenth and early fourteenth centuries, I argue that each genre found within the Historia was intended for and read by a different audience, thus explaining the wide appeal of the work as a whole. The sixth chapter focuses on the early manuscript tradition and dissemination of the Historia Orientalis while the seventh chapter addresses, on the one hand, the use of these manuscripts and the relationship to other texts in the same codex and, on the other hand, the authors who copied or used Jacques’s text in their own works. By combining a detailed textual analysis with extensive manuscript research, this investigation into the contents, readership and legacy of the Historia Orientalis sheds new light on the mechanisms behind the dissemination and influence of religious propaganda, as well as highlights Jacques’s seminal contribution to Church reform and the approach to crusading in the thirteenth century in accordance with the agenda set by the Fourth Lateran Council.
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Smith, Thomas William. "Pope Honorius III and the Holy Land Crusades, 1216-1227 : a study in responsive papal government." Thesis, Royal Holloway, University of London, 2013. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.591920.
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This thesis is a study of medieval papal government and the Holy Land crusades under Pope Honorius III (I216•27). Based on the systematic study of the unpublished manuscripts of Honorius's papal registers (Vatican City, Archivio Segreto Vaticano, Registra Vaticana 9-13) and supplemented with contemporary diplomatic evidence and chronicles, it examines the institutions of papal government that were central to Honorius's administration of crusade affairs in the East and the West. This thesis seeks to repair the significant historiographicai gap for Honorius Ill's pontificate and fa analyse the pope's reign on its own terms. It also puts forward a new view of the nature of papal crusade government, arguing that Honorius's administration of the Holy Land crusades was primarily responsive rather than proactive in its operation. This thesis contends the prevailing view in the current historiography that the papacy played a proactive role in formulating, implementing, and modifying a coherent and premeditated crusade policy. Instead it is demonstrated that Honorius pursued his crusade policy responsively. which was defined by input from outside the papal curia. It is established that the direction of most papal crusade decisions was determined in an ad hoc fashion in response to petitioners and diplomats presenting business at the curia. Part one of the thesis is formed of three chapters which provide a chronological framework and propound a detailed political narrative of Honorius's diplomacy with the lay powers between 1216 and 1227. Part two of the thesis consists of three chapters arranged thematically to consider the institutions of papal government under Honorius, investigating the theology in his letter arengae, his deployment of papal legates, and the management of the crusade tax respectively.
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Kuruvilla, Samuel Jacob. "Radical Christianity in the Holy Land : a comparative study of liberation and contextual theology in Palestine-Israel." Thesis, University of Exeter, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10036/71932.
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Palestine is known as the birthplace of Christianity. However the Christian population of this land is relatively insignificant today, despite the continuing institutional legacy that the 19th century Western missionary focus on the region created. Palestinian Christians are often forced to employ politically astute as well as theologically radical means in their efforts to appear relevant within an increasingly Islamist-oriented society. My thesis focuses on two ecumenical Christian organisations within Palestine, the Sabeel Ecumenical Liberation Theology Centre in Jerusalem (headed by the Anglican cleric Naim Stifan Ateek) and Dar Annadwa Addawliyya (the International Centre of Bethlehem-ICB, directed by the Lutheran theologian Mitri Raheb). Based on my field work (consisting of an in-depth familiarisation with the two organisations in Palestine and interviews with their directors, office-staff and supporters worldwide, as well as data analyses based on an extensive literature review), I argue that the grassroots-oriented educational, humanitarian, cultural and contextual theological approach favoured by the ICB in Bethlehem is more relevant to the Palestinian situation, than the more sectarian and Western-oriented approach of the Sabeel Centre. These two groups are analysed primarily according to their theological-political approaches. One, (Sabeel), has sought to develop a critical Christian response to the Palestine-Israel conflict using the politico-theological tool of liberation theology, albeit with a strongly ecumenical Western-oriented focus, while the other (ICB), insists that its theological orientation draws primarily from the Levantine Christian (and in their particular case, the Palestinian Lutheran) context in which Christians in Israel-Palestine are placed. Raheb of the ICB has tried to develop a contextual theology that seeks to root the political and cultural development of the Palestinian people within their own Eastern Christian context and in light of their peculiarly restricted life under an Israeli occupation regime of over 40 years. In the process, I argue that the ICB has sought to be much more situationally relevant to the needs of the Palestinian people in the West Bank, given the employment, socio-cultural and humanitarian-health opportunities opened up by the practical-institution building efforts of this organisation in Bethlehem.
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Leopold, Antony. "How to recover the Holy Land : the crusade proposals of the late thirteenth and early fourteenth centuries /." Aldershot ; Burlington (Vt.) : Ashgate, 2000. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb39279298p.
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Brehm, Stephanie Nicole. "“Shalom, God Bless, and Please Exit to the Right:” A Cultural Ethnography of the Holy Land Experience." Miami University / OhioLINK, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=miami1310505582.
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Goldstein, Andrew. "Travel to the Holy Land 1799-1831 : a case study : the journey of Moses & Judith Montefiore." Thesis, University of Leicester, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/2381/31078.
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Following Napoleon's invasion of Palestine in 1799, up to Mehemet Ali's conquest in 1831, an increasing number of Western Europeans went to explore this long-neglected Holy Land. Many published their travels, but none described the planning needed for such an expedition, nor the outward or homeward journeys. Moses and Judith Montefiore seem to have been the first and only prominent Anglo-Jews to travel to Jerusalem in this period. Using material [much of it unpublished] relating to their journey of 1827/28 together with the accounts of the other travellers, this thesis describes the complexities and practicalities of such an adventurous journey at that time in a period before improvements in transport and changes in political climate made such tours increasingly easy. It looks at the information available for planning such a journey, the route, letters of introduction etc. and its actual costs. It examines the dangers faced due to disease and war, and mundane aspects like finding accommodation and food and their religious observance whilst travelling. The motives for their journey were a mixture of the touristic and religious, yet the Montefiores spent only three full days in Jerusalem on a journey lasting ten months. However, this first visit had profound effects on the Montefiores: it led to a more Orthodox Jewish life-style, to six subsequent visits to Jerusalem and it led him to identify closely with Jewish causes in England and worldwide. It also resulted in Moses becoming the main conduit for world-wide charity for the Holy Land, and his being seen as a leading figure in the regeneration of the land and its people in the pre-Zionist era.
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Kochav, Sarah. "Britain and the Holy Land : prophecy, the Evangelical movement, and the conversion and restoration of the Jews 1790-1845." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1989. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.317727.
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Walker, P. W. L. "Fourth century Christian attitudes to Jerusalem and the Holy Land : A comparison of Eusebius of Caesarea and Cyril of Jerusalem." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1986. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.234046.
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Rajohnson, Matthieu. "L’Occident au regret de Jérusalem : l’image de la Ville sainte en chrétienté latine (1187-fin du XIVe siècle)." Thesis, Paris 10, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA100071.
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En 1187, après près d’un siècle de domination sur Jérusalem, les Latins perdent la Ville sainte face aux armées de Saladin. L’événement produit un choc immédiat et d’une ampleur considérable en Occident, donnant lieu à des actions militaires, liturgiques, mais aussi à des élaborations littéraires et picturales spécifiques, poursuivies jusqu’aux dernières tentatives de reconquêtes de la Terre sainte au XIVe siècle. En partant de ces réactions face à la chute, ce travail se propose d’observer d’abord le rapport de la chrétienté latine à la perte de Jérusalem : l’impact qu’eut celle-ci en Occident, les discours et les images qui en sont nés, la mémoire qu’elle a généré et ses évolutions permettent de cerner, à côté du persistant désir de recouvrer les Lieux saints, les marques d’un regret de plus en plus affirmé à leur égard. Il s’agit aussi de voir en quoi cette nouvelle relation à la Ville sainte a pu modifier la perception de celle-ci. La revendication de la cité donne ainsi l’occasion aux Latins de repenser et de réaffirmer les liens qui unissent Jérusalem au christianisme et à la chrétienté, pour mieux en justifier la récupération et en réaffirmer l’importance dans le plan de salut chrétien. Dans le même temps, la nostalgie dont la cité fait l’objet tend à la ramener à une dimension plus mythique et plus symbolique encore, qui apparaît aussi comme un moyen pour les Latins de continuer de se réapproprier Jérusalem à travers son image, pour mieux en conjurer la perteIn 1187, after nearly a century of Christian rule over Jerusalem, the Latins lost the Holy City to the army of Saladin. The fall triggered an instant, overwhelming reaction of shock in the West and led to military and liturgical action, as well as to the production of specific literary and pictorial depictions, which continued until the last attempts at recapturing the Holy Land in the 14th century. Through these representations, this thesis examines Latin Christianity’s response to the loss of Jerusalem: its impact in the West, the resulting discourses and images, and the evolving memory it created combine to indicate an increasingly vivid sense of regret. This new relationship with the Holy City also altered the way it was perceived. Indeed, laying claim to the city was a way for the Latins to reconsider and reaffirm Christianity’s ties to Jerusalem, and therefore justify attempts to recover it and assert its importance in Christian salvation. At the same time, the nostalgia the city inspires lends it a legendary, symbolic dimension; the latter offers the Latins a way to reclaim Jerusalem through its image, in order to ward off their loss
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Boyle, Mary. "To be a pilgrim : a comparative study of late medieval accounts of pilgrimage from Germany and England to the Holy Land." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2016. https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:8f1b780c-642e-4ab1-9878-7068f9634ffa.
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As a large-scale international cultural phenomenon, the Jerusalem pilgrimage must be approached comparatively. This project compares the pilgrimage accounts of two Germans and two Englishmen who travelled to Jerusalem in the second half of the long fifteenth century. The texts are those of William Wey, (written c.1470), Bernhard von Breydenbach (printed 1486), Arnold von Harff (written 1499) and the 'Pylgrymage of Sir Richard Guylforde', composed by his anonymous chaplain (printed 1511). Each chapter focuses on a pilgrim, and one of four thematic topics: genre, the religious other, curiosity and print. This project treats these works as literary texts which can be approached from the perspective of cultural history, rather than as historical sources. The project, therefore, is more a consideration of how the pilgrimage is represented than it is about the events of each pilgrimage, and so it looks at the pilgrimages created in writing. Pilgrimage writings tend to focus on Jerusalem's spiritual significance, rather than its worldly position. In this sense, textual representations of travel to Jerusalem represent something of a disconnect with travel to other physical destinations, and the conceptual space of pilgrimage will be of key significance to this thesis. This has implications for practice as well as writing, and therefore the thesis will address how the writers consider their journeys, as well as the idea of virtual pilgrimage. The thesis engages with questions of identity, and how it is presented, as well as the authors' relationship with their audiences. This necessitates analysing collective identity, as well as the different audiences for printed and manuscript texts. The most important research question, bringing together these issues, considers whether the authors' different geographical origins affect their self-presentation and understanding of pilgrimage. This leads to my central contention: that pilgrimage must be portrayed as a single, unified experience.
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Huber, Jasmina. "Competing Musical Traditions in the Holy Land in the 20th Century and How They Found Their Way into the Synagogue of Belgrade." Universität Potsdam, 2014. http://opus.kobv.de/ubp/volltexte/2014/7167/.
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The development of the current liturgical music used in the Belgrade synagogue is (in the last decades) heavily influenced by foreign traditions (mostly levantine) that are brought to Belgrade by modern communication systems. Therefore it is nearly impossible to speak of a status quo that might be possibly obsolete by tomorrow – at least with respect to the melodies. The great changes within the liturgical music occurred not due to acculturation into the Serbian majority but due to the personal preferences of the religious leaders of the Belgrade Jews. The alterations are a conscious process which is precisely the consequence of the musical taste of the local Rabbi and Cantor and not occurring autonomously. In order to understand the new nusah sepharadiyerushalmi that took the place of the forlorn nusah after the downfall of the Communist regime it is deemed necessary to look towards Israel where the rite developed.Die Analyse der Entwicklung der aktuellen liturgischen Musik in der Belgrader Synagoge zeigt, dass sie in den letzten Jahrzehnten mittels moderner Medien vielen Fremdeinflüssen, zumeist levantinischen, ausgesetzt war. Es ist daher fast unmöglich, von einem Status quo zu sprechen, da dieser alsbald zumindest in der Melodienwahl veraltet sein könnte. Der Wandel in den letzten zwanzig Jahren erfolgte nicht aufgrund von Akkulturation durch den Kontakt mit Serben, sondern auf Basis der individuellen musikalischen Präferenzen des Rabbiners und Kantors. Es ist kein Prozess, der automatisch als Anpassung abläuft, sondern bewusst gesteuerte Veränderung. Um den nach dem Fall des Kommunismus eingepflanzten neuen Ritus unter dem Namen nusah sepharadi-yerushalmi in seiner Entwicklung zu verstehen, muss man den regionalen Boden temporär verlassen und sich mit der ersten großen Aliah nach Israel begeben, um von dort aus seine Entstehung, Beschaffenheit und Verbreitung zurückzuverfolgen.
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Macheda, Sophie. "Les pèlerinages en Terre Sainte à travers les récits de voyage (XIème-XIIIème siècles)." Thesis, Paris 4, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA040033/document.
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Nous avons choisi d’étudier un corpus constitué de diverses relations de pèlerinage à Jérusalem entre les XIème-XIIème siècles. L’objectif est de déterminer le statut de ces pèlerins, les moyens de locomotion utilisés, l’itinéraire suivi et les conditions de ces voyages au Proche-Orient. Nos réflexions portent sur l’aspect économique (le coût d’un tel voyage, les tarifs pratiqués), les données géographiques (les lieux parcourus) et historiques (les guerres, les accords et les tensions entre nations), la dimension temporelle (la durée du périple) et les relations humaines. Ceci afin de distinguer la dimension proprement cartographique (quels lieux sont fréquentés, quelles routes peuvent être représentées sur une carte) et la dimension anthropologique, en d’autres termes, le vécu de la route et l’accès au lieu désiré avec ses rencontres et ses difficultésWe have chosen to study the accounts of pilgrimages to the Holy Land in the Middle Ages (XIth-XIIIth). Our aim is to determine from a specific corpus the status of these pilgrims, the means of transport they used, their route and the travelling conditions to the Middle East. We have compared these documents according to several lines of thought such as the economic aspect (the cost of such a journey, tariffs), geographic data (the places they went to) and historical data (wars, agreements and tensions between nations), the temporal dimension (the length of the journey), and human relationships. This in order to distinguish the cartographic dimension (what sites are visited, what routes can be mapped out) and the anthropological dimension: in other words the pilgrims’ actual experience of the journey and how they managed to reach the place they longed through encounters and difficulties
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Mayeres-Rebernik, Agathe. "Le Saint-Siège face à la « question de Palestine », de la déclaration Balfour à la création de l’état d’Israël." Thesis, Paris 4, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA040053.
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L’objet de notre recherche est de définir la politique du Saint-Siège face à la « Question de Palestine », durant la période qui va de la Déclaration Balfour (1917) à la création de l’État d’Israël (1948). À ce moment précis de l’Histoire où les Britanniques s’apprêtent à recevoir de la Société des Nations un mandat plaçant la Palestine sous leur tutelle, la « renaissance » d’Israël pose à l’Église catholique un double problème. Sur le plan politique, les pressions des diplomaties arabes et de la Congrégation pour l’Église orientale empêchent toute ouverture vers la création d’un État hébreu, le Vatican redoutant que les chrétiens arabes n’en paient le prix. Sur le plan théologique, le retour du peuple juif sur la Terre de la promesse pose à l’Église une question inédite. Cette restauration temporelle ne démontre-t-elle pas en effet que l’Alliance entre Dieu et le peuple d’Israël reste valide ? Et si Israël demeure le peuple élu, quelle est la raison d’être de l’Église ? Si le christianisme est par essence universel, il n’est pas pour autant dissocié de l’Histoire, et notamment de celle du peuple d’Israël « dont le Christ est issu selon la chair » (Rm 9, 3-5). Il s’agit donc de comprendre le particulier enchevêtrement du temporel et du spirituel dans cette région tourmentée du monde qu’est le Proche-OrientThe object of this research is to define the policy of the Holy See faced with the “Palestinian Question” during the period dating from the Balfour Declaration (1917) to the creation of the State of Israel (1948). At the precise moment in history when the British received a mandate from the League of Nations placing Palestine under their tutelage, the “rebirth” of Israel posed a dual problem for the Catholic Church. On the political front, the pressures imposed by Arab diplomats and the powerful voice of the Congregation of Eastern Churches prevented any talk of creating a Jewish state, the Vatican's stance being that Christian Arabs should not pay the price for this. On the theological front, the return of the Jewish people to the Promised Land posed a new question for the Church. Did not this return prove that the relationship between God and the people of Israel was still valid ? If Israel remained the chosen people what would be the justification for the Church? If Christianity is essentially universal this does not disassociate it from its history, especially that of the people of Israel "of whom as concerning the flesh Christ came " (Rm 9: 3-5) It is therefore important to understand the particular overlap of politics and religion in this troubled region of the world which is the Middle East
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Cummins, Rodney John Travers, and edu au jillj@deakin edu au mikewood@deakin edu au wildol@deakin edu au kimg@deakin. "Australian Perceptions of the Orient 1880-1910." Deakin University. School of Australian and International Studies, 2001. http://tux.lib.deakin.edu.au./adt-VDU/public/adt-VDU20040622.180047.
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Frossard, Miriane Sigiliano. "“Caminhando por terras bíblicas”: religião, turismo e consumo nas caravanas evangélicas brasileiras para a Terra Santa." Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, 2013. https://repositorio.ufjf.br/jspui/handle/ufjf/1032.
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Apesar de ter sido previsto por diversos especialistas, o declínio da religião não ocorreu com a sociedade moderna. Ao contrário, a religiosidade encontra-se em plena atividade, contudo se apresentando de maneira reconfigurada, menos institucionalizada, mais individualizada, subjetiva, fluida e fragmentada, atravessando e combinando-se a diversos outros campos, dentre eles, o turismo. Diante deste cenário, o objetivo deste estudo é compreender, sob o viés do consumo, de que forma o turismo evangélico para a Terra Santa pode se configurar como uma busca moderna da tradição, conformando-se numa experiência (pós) moderna da religiosidade contemporânea, verificando seus sentidos e significados para aqueles que estão envolvidos direta ou indiretamente com essa atividade. Este consumo simbólico dos evangélicos através das caravanas para a Terra Santa revelou não se tratar apenas de uma ida moderna dos evangélicos ao espaço público, mas também uma forma de (re)ativarem diversas tradições judaicas e cristãs, ressemantizando-as de acordo com o espírito da época.
Although predicted by many experts, the decline of religion did not occur with modern society. Instead, religiosity is in full swing, but performing in a new shape, less institutionalized, more individualized, subjective, fluid and fragmented, crossing through and blending in several other fields, including tourism. Given this scenario, the objective of this study is to understand, by through consumption habits/behaviour, how evangelical tourism in the Holy Land can be configured as a modern search of tradition, conforming to a (post) modern experience of contemporary religiosity, examining their meanings for those who are directly or indirectly involved with this activity. This symbolic consumption by evangelicals through the caravans to the Holy Land revealed it is not only a modern way for evangelicals to public space, but also a way to (re) activate various Jewish and Christian traditions, giving them a new meaning in accordance with the spirit of this age.
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Rouxpetel, Camille. "Le regard des voyageurs latins sur les chrétiens d’Orient (Cilicie, Syrie-Palestine, Égypte) du XIIe au début du XVe siècle." Thesis, Paris 4, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA040124.
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Ce travail a pour objet l’image de l’autre dans les textes des voyageurs latins en Cilicie, Syrie-Palestine et Égypte du XIIe au début du XVe siècle. La rencontre directe entre chrétiens d’Occident et chrétiens d’Orient altère en effet progressivement les représentations occidentales antérieures. Les attitudes des auteurs varient selon leur statut et selon les trajectoires propres à chacun. Après une présentation des conditions de production des œuvres, mettant en évidence les thématiques présidant à la rencontre avec les chrétiens d’Orient, cette étude analyse le discours latin sur l’altérité orientale. Ce dernier résulte de la confrontation entre observations et représentations et se construit entre la curiosité pour une réalité nouvelle porteuse d’exotisme, et l’élaboration d’une double rhétorique du rejet et de l’assimilation de chrétiens considérés à la jonction d’enjeux géopolitiques, dans le contexte des croisades, et d’enjeux religieux, dans le double contexte de la politique d’union pontificale et du prolongement de la réforme monastique. L’intégration des Églises orientales à la culture occidentale suppose alors d’articuler unité et diversité au sein même de la chrétienté. L’analyse du rapport des Latins à la Terre sainte, entre « géographie sacrée » et géographie réelle, des discours croisé, missionnaire et pèlerin sur la diversité et de leurs réactions à celle-ci permet enfin de mesurer l’impact de la rencontre avec les chrétiens orientaux, dans leur dissemblance et leur similitude, sur l’idée de chrétientéThis research aims at analysing the representation of otherness in the writings of Latin travellers in Cilicia, Syria Palestine and Egypt from the 12th century to the early 15th century. Close encounters between Western Christians and Eastern Christians gradually changed the previous representations of the former, while the attitudes of the writers depended on their status and the respective career paths. After presenting the conditions in which the works were written and underlining the themes and issues that were tackled during the encounters with Eastern Christians, this research analyses the Latin discourse on Eastern otherness, the construction of which results from the confrontation between observation and representation. Curiosity for a new exotic reality went along with a double-edged rhetoric of rejection and assimilation of Eastern Christians, as the stakes were both geopolitical – in the context of the Crusades – and religious – with the policy of pontifical union and the continuation of the monastic reform. Integrating Eastern churches into Western culture thus meant conciliating unity and diversity with Christianity. Analysing the relationships of Latin people with the Holy Land – between biblical and actual geography – as well as the discourses of crusaders, missionaries and pilgrims on diversity and their various reactions to it allows one to measure the impact of the encounter with Eastern Christians on the idea of Christianity
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Kurajda, Matej. "Na hory !" Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta architektury, 2018. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-377244.
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Defining a new concept NP is based on the personal survival of human failure in nature preservation and giving the opportunity to spend time in deeper places in this mountainous landscape where the biggest negative impacts of forest extraction are. The project doesn’t define only new principle, but the process at the beginning of which makes the tourism of landscape views and clusters has became antiturism, antipanorama and depressed experience from the ruined landscape. Gradually with the restoration of the landscape, our relationship with her is renewed as part of understanding a land.
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Tunkevič, Irena. "Renesansowy diariusz Peregrynacja do Ziemi Świętej, Syrii i Egiptu 1582-1584 Mikołaja Krzysztofa Radziwiłła „Sierotki”." Master's thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2010. http://vddb.laba.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2010~D_20100712_131459-50664.
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Praca magisterska pod tytułem Renesansowy diariusz „Peregrynacja do Ziemi Świętej, Syrii i Egiptu 1582-1584 Mikołaja Krzysztofa Radziwiłła „Sierotki”” zostały przedstawione i wyodrębnione najważniejsze motywy, które istniały w tym uprawianym gatunku piśmiennictwa przez polskich podróżników oraz pątników. Główny cel powyższego opracowania został odzwierciedlony, ponieważ zostały przedstawione najważniejsze tendencje Renesansu oraz została ukazana postać litewskiego magnata – Mikołaja Krzysztofa Radziwiłła „Sierotki”. Poza tym została zaprezentowana droga podróżnika, którą przemierzał na teren Ziemi Świętej, Syrii i Egiptu. Zostały przedstawione obiekty widziane przez pątnika z Wielkiego Księstwa Litewskiego. Przedstawiłam najważniejsze wątki peregrynacji.
By móc osiągnąć zamierzony cel powinnam była zaprezentować pojęcie diariusza, pamiętnika jako gatunku piśmiennictwa, ukazując ich podobieństwa oraz cechy dzielące oba hasła. Również ukazałam najważniejsze tendecje epoki Renesansu, które otwierały nowe spojrzenie na literaturę i człowieka, co można uzasadnić maksymą łacińską: Homo sum; humani nil a me alienum esse puto . Mówiąc o księciu Mikołaju Radziwile „Sierotce”, pierwszym litewskim magnacie podróżującym po ziemiach Dalekiego Wschodu oraz walorach spisanego diariusza, który został spisany po polsku ówczesną XVI–wieczną polszczyzną. Nie pomniejszając wartości diariusza, który posiadał funkcje użyteczne, bowiem służył pielgrzymom jako pierwszy przewodnik po miejscach... [toliau žr. visą tekstą]Magistro darbe “Renesansiniai dienoraščiai Mykolo Kristupo Radvilos „Našlaitėlio“ Peregrynacja do Ziemi Świętej, Syrii i Egiptu 1582-1584” buvo pristatyti ir išskirti svarbiausiai tikslai, kuriais buvo vadovaujamasi šios srities lenkų keliautojų ir piligrimų raštijoje. Pagrindinis šio darbo tikslas liko atskleistas, nes buvo aprašyti pagrindiniai Renesanso ir Lietuvos magnato – Mykolo Kristupo Radvilo „Našlaitėlio“ motyvai. Be to darbe buvo aprašyta keliautojo trasa, jo matyti objektai ir svarbiausi kelionės aspektai. Darbe aprašiau dienoraštį, kaip raštijos rūšį ir lyginant su memuarais, parodant jų panašumus ir skirtumus, kad galėčiau pasiekti savo darbo tikslą. Aprašiau Renesanso laikotarpio tendencijas, nes jos sukūrė naują požiūrį į literatūrą ir žmogų, tai pabrėžia lotynų sentencija: Homo sum; humani nil a me alienum esse puto(Žmogus esu, manau, kad niekas kas žmogiška nėra man svetima). Kalbėdama apie kunigaikštį Mykolą Kristupą Radvilą „Našlaitėlį“, kuris pirmas parašė platų ir išsamų darbą apie kelionę į Šventąją Žemę, Siriją ir Egiptą. Norėčiau pabrėžti šio dienoraščio, kaip pirmojo kelionių vadovo šventose vietose, skirto piligrimams vertę. Juliušas Slovackis 1836 - 1838 metais, kada keliavo į Artimuosius Rytus panaudojo Radvilo „Našlaitėlio“ dienoraštį.
Master’s thesis titled The Renaissance diary Peregrination's diary to the Holy Land, Egypt and Syria 1582-1584 Nicholas Christopher Radziwiłł “Sierotka” were presented to and extracted the most important themes that existed in Polish literature and used by the travelers and pilgrims. The main objective of this development is reflected, as they were presented to the major trends of the Renaissance and the short biography of Lithuanian magnate - Nicholas Christopher Radziwiłł “Sierotka”. In addition, the route was presented to the traveler, traveled by, objects seen by the traveler. Besides the most important themes were shown peregrinations. To be able to attain this objective should be to show the main concept of diary, a memories as a genre of literature, showing their similarities and sharing features. Had the tendency of the Renaissance have been presented since they opened a new perspective on literature and human, which can be justified by the Latin maxim: Homo sum, humani nil a me alienum esse puto (I am a man, I think that nothing human is alien to me). Speaking of the Prince Nicholas Christopher Radziwiłł “Sierotka”, which merit was written in Polish first extensive and detailed diary of his pilgrimage to the Holy Land, Syria and Egypt. Not deducted from the value of diary, which had a useful function, because the pilgrims served as the first guide to the holy sites. In conclusion of it should be noted that in the diary later Radziwiłł “Sierotka”, was used by the... [to full text]
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DeLoach, CarrieAnne. "EXPLORING TRANSIENT IDENTITIES: DECONSTRUCTING DEPICTIONS OF GENDER AND IMPERIAL IDEOLOGY IN THE ORIENTAL TRAVEL NARRATIVES OF E." Master's thesis, University of Central Florida, 2006. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETD/id/3062.
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Englishwomen who traveled to the "Orient" in the Victorian era constructed an identity that was British in its bravery, middle-class in its refinement, feminine in appearance and speech and Christian in its intolerance of Oriental heathenism. Studying Victorian female travel narratives that described journeys to the Orient provides an excellent opportunity to reexamine the diaphanous nature of the boundaries of the public/private sphere dichotomy; the relationship between travel, overt nationalism, and gendered constructions of identity, the link between geographic location and self-definition; the power dynamics inherent in information gathering, organization and production. Englishwomen projected gendered identities in their writings, which were both "imperially" masculine and "domestically" feminine, depending on the needs of a particular location and space. The travel narrative itself was also a gendered product that served as both a medium of cultural expression for Victorian women and a tool of restraint, encouraging them to conform to societal expectations to gain limited authority and recognition for their travels even while they embraced the freedom of movement. The terms "imperial masculinity" and "domestic femininity" are employed throughout this analysis to categorize the transient manipulation of character traits associated in Victorian society with middle- and upper-class men abroad in the empire and middle- and upper-class women who remained within their homes in Great Britain. Also stressed is the decision by female travelers to co-assert feminine identities that legitimated their imperial freedom by alluding to equally important components of their transported domestic constructions of self. Contrary to scholarship solely viewing Victorian projections of the feminine ideal as negative, the powers underlining social determinants of gender norms will be treated as "both regulatory and productive." Englishwomen chose to amplify elements of their domestic femininity or newly obtained imperial masculinity depending on the situation encountered during their travels or the message they wished to communicate in their travel narratives. The travel narrative is a valuable tool not only for deconstructing transient constructions of gender, but also for discovering the foundations of race and class ideologies in which the Oriental and the Orient are subjugated to enhance Englishwomen's Orientalist imperial status and position. This thesis is modeled on the structure of the traveling experience. In reviewing first the intellectual expectations preceding travel, the events of travel and finally the emotional reaction to the first two, a metaphoric attempt to better understand meaning through mimicry has been made. Over twenty travel narratives published by Englishwomen of varying social backgrounds, economic classes and motivations for travel between 1830 and World War I were analyzed in conjunction with letters, diaries, fictional works, newspaper articles, advice manuals, travel guides and religious texts in an effort to study the uniquely gendered nature of the Preface in female travel narratives; definitions of "travelers" and "traveling;" the manner in which "new" forms of metaphysical identification formulated what Victorian lady travelers "pre-knew" the "East" to be; the gendered nature in which female travelers portrayed their encounters with the "realities" of travel; and the concept of "disconnect," or the "distance" between a female traveler's expectation and the portrayed "reality" of what she experienced in the Orient.M.A.
Department of History
Arts and Humanities
History
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Boeing, Antonio. "EM NOME DA ORDEM : O papel dos agentes da religião católica institucionalizada durante o movimento e guerra do Contestado entre 1912-1916." Universidade Metodista de São Paulo, 2004. http://tede.metodista.br/jspui/handle/tede/386.
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Previous issue date: 2004-10-25This thesis will analyse the role of the institutional church leaders,before and during the movement and war of the Contestado between the years 1912 to 1916. This movement is classified as milenar messianic that happened in the south of Brazil in an area considered as litigious and disputed by the states of Paraná and Santa Catarina. It will point out the social, economic, political and religious context that created conditions for this movement to arrise. It will analyse the formation of a rustic, popular, brazilian catholicism and it´s expressions in the region of the Contestado, giving prominence to the role of the monks. It will deepen the understanding of oficial catholicism in the process of romanization, and the role of the Franciscans, their conceptions and practices, and their efforts to frame the rural religion into the principles of the reform. It will analyse the reaction of the people in the rural areas, confronted with the changes that were implanted in the region, and the explosion of a brotherhood called Terra Santa (Holy Land) that saught to fulfill a new order . It will deepen the awareness of the role of the franciscans, who represented the catholic church, with the idea to disperse and pacify , the rural rebel , and form an pact with the military forces to repress and implant an order and peace in the region contested, with the consequent radical elimination of the rural brotherhood and their fortifications .(AU)
Esta tese analisa o papel dos líderes da Igreja católica institucionalizada antes e durante o movimento e guerra do Contestado de 1912 a 1916. Movimento classificado como messiânico-milenarista ocorrido no sul do Brasil numa área litigiosa pleiteada pelos Estados do Paraná e Santa Catarina. Aponta o contexto sócio-econômico-político e religioso que criou condições para que o movimento pudesse emergir. Analisa a formação do catolicismo rústico popular brasileiro e suas expressões na região do Contestado, destacando-se o papel dos monges. Aprofunda a compreensão do catolicismo oficial em processo de romanização e do papel dos frades franciscanos, de suas concepções e práticas na tentativa de enquadrar a religião cabocla dentro dos princípios da reforma. Analisa a reação cabocla diante das mudanças implantadas na região e a explosão da irmandade, denominada Terra Santa , que buscava efetivar uma nova ordem . Aprofunda especialmente o papel dos frades representantes da Igreja católica, tendo em vista dispersar e pacificar o caboclo rebelde e a aliança, que estabeleceram com as forças repressoras, para implantar a ordem e a paz na região contestada, com a conseqüente eliminação radical da irmandade cabocla e de seus redutos .(AU)
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LEONETTI, ARIANNA. "Comunicare la fede: il fondamentale contributo della tipografia francescana di Gerusalemme (1847-1947). Un secolo di storia." Doctoral thesis, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10280/102930.
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Il primo secolo di storia della Franciscan Printing Press, tipografia francescana nata a Gerusalemme nel Convento di San Salvatore nel 1847, è stato suddiviso in quattro fasi, corrispondenti alle quattro parti della tesi di dottorato "Comunicare la fede: il fondamentale contributo della tipografia francescana di Gerusalemme (1847-1947). Un secolo di storia".
La parte iniziale (che copre il triennio 1847-1850) è dedicata alle intricate vicende che hanno portato alla fondazione della stamperia, dal ristabilimento del Commissariato Generale di Vienna fino alla pubblicazione del primo vero volume, un Catechismo in arabo ed in italiano ad uso dei fedeli di Terra Santa del 1847. La seconda sezione si concentra su un periodo enormemente innovativo (1850-1879) e, al tempo stesso, gravemente critico. Dopo una ricognizione circa i nuovi strumenti in uso nell’officina (dal torchio d’accidente a quello litografico, passando per la creazione di un laboratorio per la fusione di caratteri tipografici), sono stati analizzati i nove anni (1865- 1874) più incerti della stamperia, in cui i francescani rischiarono a più riprese di perdere il possesso dell’officina. La terza sezione racconta una fase, quella tra 1879 e 1898, più tranquilla e stabile della precedente, ma non meno ricca di avvenimenti: tanti sono stati gli sforzi, in questo tempo, per disciplinare la FPP, uniformandola alle officine europee. I dati raccolti su questo periodo consentono anche una indagine della struttura sociale-culturale della Palestina di fine Ottocento. La quarta e ultima parte documenta, in fine, un periodo decisamente più lungo dei precedenti, che ha avuto inizio nel 1899 e si è concluso dopo la Seconda Guerra Mondiale, con la nascita dello Stato d’Israele. Cinquanta anni (o quasi), segnati da grandi e gravi sconvolgimenti politici, in cui la tipografia francescana è riuscita sempre a configurarsi come istituzione pacifica e costruttiva, mai polemica. Nel ricostruire i primi cento anni di attività di una tipografia che è casa editrice e insieme opera missionaria, e che ha anche il merito di essere stata la prima a stampare in arabo in tutta la Palestina, si può facilmente scadere nel racconto agiografico, nell’estremizzazione del lato sociologico. Contro il rischio di una lettura ideologica delle fonti si è quindi operata una scelta storiografica particolare, dettata dalla volontà di far parlare in prima persona gli attori che hanno vissuto concretamente tutte le fasi della stamperia francescano-gerosolimitana nel suo primo secolo di attività. Per questo motivo, all’interno della tesi, viene dato ampio spazio a due tipi di documenti, librari e archivistici (che occupano pure un’appendice dedicata in fine di ogni sezione). Per rendere più agevole la fruizione degli argomenti trattati, che coniugano la ricerca storica secondo il proprium della storia del libro, si poi è scelto di accompagnare il testo con fotografie inedite di libri, documenti d’archivio e attrezzi di stampa originali della Franciscan Press, ritrovati (tanto fortunatamente quanto fortuitamente) in un deposito sotterraneo del Convento di San Salvatore.The first century of history of the Franciscan Printing Press, a Franciscan printing house established in Jerusalem at St. Saviour's Convent in 1847, has been divided into four phases, corresponding to the four parts of the doctoral dissertation “Communicating the Faith: the fundamental contribution of the Franciscan Printing Press in Jerusalem (1847-1947). A Century of History”. The initial part (that covers the three-year period 1847-1850) is dedicated to the intricate events that led to the founding of the printing house, from the re-establishment of the General Commissariat in Vienna to the publication of the first volume, a Catechism in Arabic and Italian for the use of the worshippers of the Holy Land in 1847. The second section focuses on an enormously innovative and critical period (1850-1879). After a survey of new and old tools used in the typography, the section focuses on nine years (1865-1874), in which the Franciscans risked several times to lose the possession of their Franciscan Printing Press. The third section covers a less complicated period, between 1879 and 1898: many efforts were made during this time to discipline the FPP, bringing it into line with European workshops. The data collected also allow an investigation of the social-cultural structure of Palestine at the end of the Nineteenth Century. The fourth and last part is focused on a longer period, started in 1899 and ended after the Second World War, with the birth of the State of Israel. Fifty years marked by great political upheavals, in which the Franciscan printing house always managed to configure itself as a peaceful and constructive institution.
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Galazka, Guy. "À la redécouverte de la Palestine : le regard sur l’autre dans les récits de voyage français en Terre sainte au dix-neuvième siècle." Thesis, Paris 4, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA040046/document.
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Le renouveau d’intérêt pour la Terre sainte en Europe au XIXe siècle incite de nombreux voyageurs à publier leurs souvenirs à leur retour en France. L’analyse de ces textes montre que ces pèlerins des temps modernes ont en commun l’ambition de ne pas se limiter à décrire les Lieux saints visités, mais de rendre également compte de l’environnement géographique et ethnographique de la Palestine, de rapporter leurs impressions, de relater des anecdotes. Le lecteur est donc confronté à un narrateur qui revendique son identité propre, indépendamment du voyage. En présence de ce caractère éminemment subjectif, force est de constater que loin de s’inscrire dans un discours aux contours bien définis, les récits de voyage français en Palestine du XIXe siècle font résonner des voix diverses, souvent contradictoires, qui soulignent les grandes différences entre l’Occident et l’Orient, sans présenter une vision homogène de l’un ou de l’autreThe revival of European interest in the Holy Land in the nineteenth century prompted manytravellers to seek to publish their accounts on their return to France. The analysis of thesetexts shows that these modern-day pilgrims found it necessary not to confine themselves todescribing the Holy Places, but also to reveal the geographical and ethnic environment ofPalestine, to express their feelings, to recount anecdotes. The reader is thus confronted with anarrator who is fully aware of his own identity, regardless of the journey undertaken. In viewof their subjective nature, one cannot fail to notice that nineteenth-century French travelnarratives about Palestine, rather than being part of a well-defined discourse, « speak » withmany different, often contradictory voices, which outline the major differences between theWest and the East, without presenting a homogenous image of one or the other
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Reid, Richard Michael. "Holly Park: a case study in planning, architecture, and urban design: an urban alternative to suburban residential development." Thesis, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/52058.
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The three professions of planning, architecture, and urban design, tend to work separately, but in fact, they are related. The disciplines are combined in this project to illustrate a comprehensive approach to land development.
The project presented here integrates planning, architecture, and urban design, and provides a variety of housing types atypical in suburban development. It also illustrates several housing types on a specific site, utilizing the planning, zoning and subdivision regulations of the two jurisdictions.Master of Architecture
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Tami, Alan. "L'art de la guerre au temps des croisades (491/1098 - 589/1193) : Du théocentrisme irrationnel aux influences mutuelles et adaptations pragmatiques dans le domaine militaire." Phd thesis, Université Michel de Montaigne - Bordeaux III, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00735126.
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Jusqu'aux croisades, les rencontres entre l'Orient musulman et l'Occident chrétien avaient été réduites à des échanges commerciaux anecdotiques ainsi qu'à de rares pèlerinages en Terre sainte. Et alors que les musulmans méprisaient souverainement des peuplades septentrionales vouées, selon eux, à l'égarement et à l'ignorance, les Occidentaux avaient fait de la jeune religion orientale et de ses sectateurs l'Antéchrist de leur eschatologie apocalyptique. Tous étaient imprégnés d'un théocentrisme intransigeant ne laissant aucune place à un Autre ignoré ou abhorré, si ce n'est celle de l'Ennemi. Il fallut donc une guerre généralisée entre ces deux ensembles civilisationnels aux antipodes pour qu'enfin ils se rencontrent et se côtoient durablement, jusqu'à estomper en partie des préjugés et des images déformées longtemps entretenus. Paradoxalement, la guerre et ses principales émanations (la stratégie, la tactique, l'armement et l'architecture militaire) allaient être les causes d'une meilleure connaissance mutuelle. En cherchant à répondre au mieux au défi militaire lancé par l'adversaire, chacun fut contraint de scruter les intentions, la mentalité, et surtout l'art de la guerre de l'autre ; ainsi, on n'hésita pas à en copier les concepts et les procédés jugés profitables, de même que les deux camps firent montre, dans ce domaine, d'une adaptabilité multiforme exceptionnelle. En somme, loin de la vision répandue présentant les croisades comme des conflits séculaires purement religieux ayant opposé de manière manichéenne deux conceptions monolithiques et hermétiques du monde et de la guerre, il semblerait en réalité que la Syrie du XIIe siècle fut d'abord un creuset d'échanges dans lequel le maître mot était "pragmatisme".
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Ramarao, Thejashwini. "Provenance of the Carboniferous basin in Holm Land: implications for the Visean to Moscovian tectonic history of the North-East Greenland Caledonides." Thesis, University of Iowa, 2011. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/5045.
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Carboniferous sedimentary units unconformably overlie eclogite-facies Paleoproterozoic basement gneisses in Holm Land, North-East Greenland and record change in provenance as a function of tectonic disturbances that happened during mid-Carboniferous time. The Visean Sortebakker Formation contains arkosic sandstone with abundant gneissic lithic grains and a heavy mineral suite dominated by titanite, apatite and rutile but lacking garnet. ICPMS U-Pb ages on detrital zircons define dominant age groups at 1.75 and 1.98 Ga, broad peaks at 1.1-1.5, 2.2-3.0 Ga, and a few Caledonian metamorphic ages between 350 and 400 Ma. In contrast, Moscovian arkosic sandstone of the unconformably overlying Kap Jungersen Formation contains a heavy mineral suite of titanite, apatite, rutile, garnet, and epidote and gives ICPMS U-Pb detrital zircon ages of 390 Ma, 1.75 Ga and 1.98 Ga. CL images demonstrate that low-U rims on some zircons record Caledonian metamorphism.
The dominant peaks in all samples are most compatible with derivation from the underlying gneissic basement of the North-East Greenland eclogite province. The 1.75 and 1.98 Ga peak ages match the protolith age of the Paleoproterozoic calc-alkaline arc related basement. The CL-bright, low-U metamorphic rims yield ages of 335 to 410 Ma that are consistent with metamorphic ages observed in the Paleoproterozoic basement rocks. The large number of discordant grains observed in the detrital populations (23-47%) in all samples is similar to age spectra from basement samples as well. Grains that define broad peaks at 1.1-1.5, 2.2-3.0 Ga in the Sortebakker samples are interpreted to be from metasedimentary units in the structurally higher Caledonian nappes (e.g., Independence Fjord Group). These grains make up 30-35% of the population in the basal units, diminishing to 10% up section. The Caledonian metamorphic grains, appearance of garnet and lack of the 1.1-1.5 and 2.2-3.0 Ga signatures indicate that the basal Kap Jungersen Formation lacked input from sources external to the underlying basement. Reappearance of the 1.1-1.5 and 2.2-3.0 Ga signatures higher in the section probably reflects recycling from the underlying Sortebakker section. Results of this study clearly demonstrate that dating of metamorphic rims of detrital zircons greatly enhances characterization of provenance and depositional history.
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香, 大澤, and Kaori Ozawa. "初期ユダヤ教と原始キリスト教団における解釈と受容 : 「霊」と「天使」の概念の変遷を辿る." Thesis, https://doors.doshisha.ac.jp/opac/opac_link/bibid/BB12964638/?lang=0, 2015. https://doors.doshisha.ac.jp/opac/opac_link/bibid/BB12964638/?lang=0.
Full textAbstract:
初期ユダヤ教の分派の一つとして誕生した原始キリスト教団は、霊・天使概念等に見られる聖書解釈、敬虔さの追及と内面化の傾向、文学的技法等の点で、初期ユダヤ教の特徴を継承していることが窺われる。その一方で、パウロとルカが行なった聖書の受容は、双方が結果的に「異邦人も神の言葉を受ける対象に含まれる」との解釈に至っていることを示しており、この点がキリスト教がユダヤ教から分岐するに至る「転換点」であったことが考えられる。It can be inferred that early Christianity, which began as a sect of early Judaism, inherited characteristics of early Judaism, such as Scriptural interpretations of concepts such as spirits and angels, the pursuit of piety, a tendency towards internalization, and literary techniques. However, receptions of Scripture by Paul and Luke shows that each concluded that Gentiles were included in those who can receive God’s word, and that this belief was the “turning point” at which Christianity began to diverge from Judaism.
博士(神学)
Doctor of Theology
同志社大学
Doshisha University