Dissertations / Theses: 'The guardians of democracy'

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Leinsköld, David. "Nationell likvärdighet eller kommunal självstyrelse? : Staten, kommunerna och de kommunala tjänstemännens dubbla lojalitet." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Statsvetenskap, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-177231.

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The relationship between the state and municipalities has for the recent decades become increasingly complex, strained and infected. The education policy has for several decades been surrounded by different governing logics and conflicts where the conflict between the state’s pursuit of national equality and the local self-determination is prominent. This study examines how this conflict affects the municipal official’s approaches to the state’s control of the municipal compulsory school through aimed government grants. The study consists of aqualitative interview study of six municipalities with 23 respondents. In each municipality, I have conducted interviews with municipal officials, principals and municipal politicians. The findings show that the aimed government grants should be seen in the field of tension between state and municipality and between politics and professions. Conflicts arise between the municipalities’ different conditions as well as their local needs and the state’s pursuit of national equality between schools. The municipal officials are assigned significant power regarding how the state and municipal governance is to be put into practice and are therefore given a coordinating central position where they must balance between state requirements, local requirements and school’s requirements. The findings indicate that they seem to prioritize the state’s target of national equality in favor of the local target of self-determination. The relationship between the state and the municipalities gets exposed through the role conflicts of the municipal officials, which both compete and cooperate. The conclusion is that the municipal officials should be regarded as the state’s extended arm, or as “state municipal officials”. They possess a double loyalty to the state and local government and must, with this double loyalty, be the guardians of the local and national democracy at the same time. There is a risk that the municipal officials' double democracy loyalty demonstrates that the local democracy is weakening as the municipal officials must balance between their two guardian roles since role conflicts can arise in their daily work.This, in combination with the fact that they have gained increased power at the expense of local politicians and should thereby be regarded as political actors, sets high standards on the municipal officials, especially in an education department where the state governance is highly present.

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Steenveld, Lynette Noreen. "Race against democracy: a case study of the Mail & Guardian during the early years of the Mbeki presidency, 1999-2002." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1015572.

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This thesis examines the 1998 complaint of racism against the Mail & Guardian, a leading exponent of South Africa's alternative press in the 1980s, and important contemporary producer of investigative journalism. The study is framed within a cultural studies approach, analysing the Mail & Guardian as constituted by a 'circuit of production': its social context, production, texts, and audiences. The thesis makes three main arguments. First, that the claim of racism cannot be understood outside of a consideration of both the changing political milieu, and subtle changes within the Mail & Guardian itself. Significant social changes relate to the reconfiguration of racial and class identities wrought by the 'Mbeki state'. Within the Mail & Guardian, the thesis argues for the importance of the power and subjectivity of the editor as a key 'factor' shaping the identity of the paper, evidenced in its production practices and textual outputs. In this regard, the thesis departs from a functionalist analysis of particular 'roles' within the newsroom, drawing instead on a post-structuralist approach to organisational studies. Based on this production and social context, the thesis examines key texts which deal with aspects of South Africa's social transformation, and which exemplify aspects of the Mail & Guardian's reporting which led to the complaint of racism by the Black Lawyers Association (BLA) and the Association of Black Accountants (ABASA). Their complaint was that the Mail & Guardian's reporting impugned the dignity of black people, and in so doing was a violation of their rights to dignity and equality which are constitutionally guaranteed. However, as freedom of the press is also guaranteed by the South African constitution, their complaint to the South African Human Rights Commission (SAHRC) resulted in public debate about these contending rights. My second argument relates to the jurisprudential approach to racism, and the related issue of affirmative action, which informed the complaint against the paper. Contrary to the 'normative', liberal approach to these issues, this thesis highlights Critical Race Theory as the jurisprudential basis for both the claimants' accusation of racism against the Mail & Guardian, and aspects of its implicit use in South African human rights adjudication. The thesis argues that in failing to recognise these different philosophical and political bases of legal reasoning, the media, including the Mail & Guardian, in reporting on these matters failed in their purported role of serving the public interest. The thesis concludes by applying Fraser's critique of Habermas's notion of a single, bourgeois public sphere to journalism, thereby suggesting ways in which the critiques of some of the Mail & Guardian's own journalists could be employed to enlarge its approach to journalism - giving voice to constituencies seldom heard in mainstream media.

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Jaftha, Justin Willian. "What is the role of the Constitutional Court in Safe-guarding the separation of powers in a dominant party democracy?" Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/29280.

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This thesis presents an analysis of the effect of dominant party democracy on South Africa’s traditional trilateral structures of government, with emphasis on the Constitutional Court. A dominant party democracy brings with it negative features, such as the blurring of boundaries of state and party, and the capturing of important institutions. In South Africa, it is specifically the capture of various independent institutions (state capture) by a dominant party and the placing of its members into these institutions to remove effective checks on the exercise of power by the government, which have been a worrying trend recently. This, in turn, spells rough weather ahead for our constitutional democracy, because it has the effect of withering down the effective system of checks and balances as part of the separation of powers doctrine in South Africa.The central question to explore in this thesis is thus. how the Constitutional Court can protect the democratic space by acknowledging the challenges posed by one-party dominance to democratic institutions and developing doctrines/strategies to deal with this, while not overstepping the mark and infringing on the separation of powers. This is not an easy task for the Constitutional Court to get exactly right. Thus, the Constitutional Court of South Africa has been widely criticised for avoiding any formal confrontation with the current government during its early years. Critics focused on cases such as the UDM floor crossing case and Glenister I. These two decisions have come under attack from constitutional law scholars, who labelled the Constitutional Court as a constrained court and argued that the court was not sufficiently pro-active in confronting the challenges of a dominant party democracy directly. This has led some scholars to the view that the South African Constitutional Court needs to develop a well thought through theory of the threat posed by the dominant party to the quality of South Africa’s democracy. The argument is that there may be a need for the South African Constitutional Court to develop a formal jurisprudence to deal with the negative consequences of a dominant party democracy. In this thesis, I will argue that this critique against the South African Constitutional Court seems out-of-date and, to some extent, overdone. The Constitutional Court in recent years has altered its approach and now deals differently (and more effectively) with the problems posed by dominant party democracy. This is evident from recent decisions such as the UDM secret ballot and two EFF judgments and the Glenister II judgment. In my view, the Constitutional Court has become more forceful in protecting the democratic space in South Africa because of changing political circumstances and because of the weakening position and complex, and sometimes contradictory, responses 8 from the ruling party in South Africa. At the same time, the Constitutional Court has acted with appropriate deference, addressing problems associated with one-party dominance while also showing adequate respect for the separation of powers doctrine. By adopting this approach, and if one views the Constitutional Court’s role through the lens of dominant party democracy, South African democracy – and South Africans themselves – have been better off. If the Court had taken a more forceful approach, it would have placed itself on a direct collision course with the ANC. That might have put the Court’s very existence at risk, and our hard-fought democracy.

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Davis, Drew. "Guardians of Freedom." Digital Commons @ Butler University, 2016. http://digitalcommons.butler.edu/grtheses/419.

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Guardians of Freedom is my attempt to make sense out of my time spent in uniform, in the only way that is appropriate: hyperbolic comedy. It is a story of Specialist Henry, a disillusioned soldier returning from one deployment in the Global War on Terror and facing another. Thoughts of making a difference and changing the world dashed, he wants nothing more than to be rid of the uniform and live an admittedly pointless life. He is joined by the various characters of Bravo Company, the deploying unit which has been used as a dumping point for medically-impaired soldiers. Outwardly, the story is about the bureaucracy and inanity of military life in a time of prolonged war. Hopefully though, there is a glimpse at the very real people that I met and loved and who, like me, were forced to find a way to survive and live in an environment that’s sole purpose revolves around death.

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Thompson, Hannah Claire. "Aging Guardians: Decisions and Transitions." Miami University / OhioLINK, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=miami1461882347.

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Atonya, Franklin Kisanya. "Health Guardians Exhibition Incorporation a Business Plan." Thesis, California State University, Long Beach, 2018. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10785666.

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Trade fairs have long been considered great platforms emerging and established businesses use as an effective way to help drum up business as well as learn and study the activities of competitors. A lot is usually going on at these events. Anywhere from (1) meeting with industry partners and prospective customers, (2) testing and studying new products, as well as (3) examining recent market trends and opportunities among other functions. The common factor in majority of trade fairs has been that they are looked at as organized little convenient stores that specific companies, within a specific industry, utilize to showcase and demonstrate their latest products and services for the purpose of boosting their market share and sales of their products and services. Through some research on trade fairs and the health industry, I found that most of the available platforms under the health care trade fair moniker are only done as single industry fairs with the purpose of just competing for sales and market share.

The goal of this paper is to showcase a new business venture under the name Health Guardians Exhibition Incorporation as a uniquely designed platform comparable to what common fairs are known for, a platform through which two different industries (technology industry and health care industry) will be tasked to work alongside each other for the purpose of developing ideas in the products and services through which accessibility to health services for the consumers of care will be made affordable and efficient for the purpose of improving community health.

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Mossadegh, Rashti Noushin. "Ontogeny of testicular macrophages, the guardians of fertility." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018AIXM0141/document.

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Les macrophages sont des cellules de l’immunité innée et sont localisés dans la majorité des organes du corps, présentant des fonctions spécifiques dépendant de leur lieu de résidence.Les macrophages d’origine embryonnaire sont la source majeure des macrophages tissulaires et sont capables de se maintenir à long terme dans la plupart des organes adultes.Cependant, il reste certains organes comme le testicule, où l’origine des macrophages n’est pas clairement déterminée. Le testicule est considéré comme un organe immuno-privilégié et a cette nécessité de protéger de tous contacts les spermatozoïdes des cellules immunitaires, qui pourraient induire une auto-immunité.Les macrophages testiculaires (tMφ) contribuent à maintenir ce statut d’organe immuno-privilégié en produisant des cytokines immunosuppressives. Pour ces raisons, les tMφ peuvent être considérés comme des “ gardiens de la fertilité”. Dans les testicules adultes, deux différentes populations de macrophages, nommées interstitielles et péritubulaires, ont été identifiées en se basant sur leurs morphologies et localisations distinctes, mais leur origine et leur mode de développement et de maintenance restent encore inconnus. En combinant des méthodes de traçage cellulaire et la mise au point d’un modèle de transfert adoptif dans des souriceaux, j’ai démontré que les macrophages d’origine embryonnaire contribuaient exclusivement à la population de tMφ interstitielle dès la naissance et que les tMφ péritubulaires proviennent exclusivement de la moelle osseuse. Après avoir caractérisé les tMφ, mes prochaines investigations se porteront sur l’étude des fonctions de chacune de ces deux populations
Macrophages are innate immune cells residing in most of the organs of the body and ensure proper organ function. Traditionally, it has been known that macrophages can be derived from HSC progenitors in the bone-marrow (BM), but technology using fate-mapping tools has revealed that macrophages can already be generated from embryonic progenitors. Embryo-derived macrophages are a major source of tissue-resident macrophages and can self-maintain during adulthood. The origin of resident macrophages in the testis, however, so far has not been well studied.Importantly, the testis is considered as an immune-privileged organ by protecting the highly immunogenic spermatozoa sequestrated in the seminiferous tubules from the entrance of immune cells. In the adult testis, macrophages participate in the creation of an immune suppressive microenvironment preventing auto-immune attack. Therefore, testicular macrophages tMφ could be considered as the guardians of fertility. Recently,two different macrophage populations have been identified in the adult testis, called interstitial and peritubular, based on their distinct localization and morphology,but their developmental origin and homeostatic maintenance were unknown.Combining the genetic lineage tracing and the neonatal adoptive transfer model, I could demonstrate that the embryo-derived macrophages give rise exclusively to interstitial tMφ. Peritubular tMφ, however, only emerge postnatally from BM-derived progenitors. .My findings provide framework for future investigations into the distinct functions of these two tMφ populations in establishment of immune-privilege as well as the support of spermatogenesis and male hormone production

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Latham, C. J. K. "Mwari and the divine heroes: guardians of the Shona." Thesis, Rhodes University, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1004666.

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Paolitto, Julia. "Guardians of culture: The British Sunday Press Between the Wars." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2008. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.491076.

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This thesis is an investigation into the reception of literature, cinema, and the theatre in the inter-war Sunday press, and in particular how the concept of a "national culture" of inter-war Britain was reflected and defined in five specific newspapers of the time. Drawing on a vast amount of previously unexamined material, it provides the fullest picture to date of this widely neglected area.

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Pritchard, David. "The Effect of Residency Requirements on Police as Capable Guardians." VCU Scholars Compass, 2010. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/63.

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The debate over police residency requirements dates to the advent of the modern police force in the early 19th Century. Many reasons have been put forth regarding these requirements, from effectiveness to availability to economic impact. On the other hand, opponents have argued that quality of life, employee retention, and applicant pool should be considered in the decision to have residency mandates. This study seeks to determine the effectiveness of resident police officers within the context of the Routine Activities Theory. In particular, it considered whether police officers are more capable guardians when they live in the jurisdictions where they work, specifically when using a marked take home police vehicle as a place keeper. Data was collected regarding police residency, Group A crime, Group B crime, and social disorganization in 25 apartment complexes in Chesterfield County, VA, during a six month period. It was found that police residency had a statistically significant and moderately strong negative effect on the rate of Group A crime and signs of social disorganization, as measured by police calls for service. Police residency showed a weak negative effect on Group B crime, but it was not statistically significant.

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Palmisano, Francesco. "Algorithmic-guardians: analisi dei flussi di dati provenienti da sistemi Android." Bachelor's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2019. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/19599/.

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Lo smartphone è diventato negli anni un componente essenziale nella vita dell'essere umano. Tuttavia è un dispositivo considerato come un'arma a doppio taglio. Questo perché le applicazioni utilizzano la connessione ad Internet e possono manipolare in modo anomalo dati sensibili, minandone la confidenzialità. Algorithmic-Guardians è un sistema per l'analisi del traffico dati di uno smartphone, con lo scopo di preservare la confidenzialità dei dati inviati. Vengono identificati flussi di dati, generati dalle varie applicazioni, da cui si deducono eventuali anomalie. Queste poi vengono notificate all'utente, in modo che sia lui stesso a decidere se bloccare o meno quei flussi. In questo modo, l'utente può avere una visione più ampia dell'utilizzo che le applicazioni fanno dell'accesso ad Internet.

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Davies, Marc Bryant. "Guarding the guardians : the evolution of parliamentary oversight of British intelligence." Thesis, Aberystwyth University, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.435262.

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Amarasuriya, Harini Nireka. "Guardians of childhood : state, class and morality in a Sri Lankan bureaucracy." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/5881.

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This thesis explores the everyday practices, relationships and interactions in a Probation Unit of the Department of Probation and Child Care Services in the Central Province in Sri Lanka. Using multi-sited ethnography and the ethnographer’s own experiences in this sector it examines how frontline workers at the Probation Unit engage and draw upon international and national development discourse, ideas and theories of children and childhood to engage with colleagues and clients. This thesis takes as its analytical starting point that state agencies are sites where global development discourse meets local practices. Simultaneously, they are sites where ideas and practices of nationalism, class, morality and professional identity are produced and reproduced. State sector employment is an important source of social mobility, gaining respectability and constructing a middle class identity. Thus, maintaining the ‘in-between’ position in relation to the upper and lower classes is an especially anxiety-ridden and challenging process for state bureaucrats. This shapes the particular characteristics of their nationalism, morality and professional identity and influences the way in which they translate policies and engage with institutional and bureaucratic procedures. This thesis examines this process in detail and illustrates its translocal nature. More explicitly it looks at the ways in which development discourse and practice is transformed by the forms of sociality that it engenders. The ethnography illustrates that this process allows for development policies and interventions to be co-opted in particular ways that articulate ideas and practices of nationalism, class, morality and professional identity. Through this cooption, the outcomes of development policies and interventions are transformed in unanticipated ways. The broader social and political process that transforms development policies and practices remains only partially visible to development projects and programmes. The complexity and in particular the historicity of social and political contexts remains outside development project logic and timelines. To understand the relationship between policy and practice or to evaluate development outcomes is meaningless if development is conceptualised as something that stands apart from society. What is most useful to understand, and indeed revealing, is how actors make meaning of development policies and programmes as part of everyday practices in historically situated social and political contexts. The thesis concludes that theorising, analysing or even critiquing development’s transformative potential is misleading as it fails to recognise that what is being transformed is development itself.

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Vdovichenko, Dina. ""They're Our Bosses": Representations of Clients, Guardians, and Providers in Caregivers' Narratives." Scholar Commons, 2014. https://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/5143.

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The purpose of this study is to examine how various characters are portrayed within the self-narratives of women who are employed to care for adults with disabilities. This research looks at how these women's personal narratives construct characters-their clients (the individuals they provide services for), clients' guardians, and how these women portray themselves as caregivers. Interviews were conducted with eight women who provide paid care services to physically and/or cognitively impaired adults who receive services through the Florida Developmental Disabilities Home and Community Based Services Waiver Program. This program endorses specific expectations about the nature and purpose of caregiving. According to their stories, clients were perceived as diverse and in control; relationships with parents and legal guardians were described in terms of helpful and challenging qualities; and, "good" caregivers were perceived as maintaining client choice, and were expected to know their clients. Given the disparate narratives of care that exist in the Waiver, the work these study participants do requires careful balancing of often contradictory expectations. Their accounts indicate how at the ground level, these narratives of care become "muddled" as caregivers interact with clients and other significant individuals.

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George, Saudia Y. "Guardians' Experiences with Mental Health Care for Adolescents With Pediatric Bipolar Disorder." ScholarWorks, 2019. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/7004.

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Pediatric bipolar disorder (PBD) is a growing public health problem in the United States, especially among adolescent children. Despite awareness of the diagnosis and the effects that it has on the child, little attention has been given to the effects that PBD has on the guardian. The purpose of this qualitative phenomenological study was to explore the factors influencing guardians' experiences related to PBD. Penchansky and Thomas' Theory of Access and Family Systems Theory were used in this study to explore guardians lived experiences of PBD, its effects on the entire family system, and mental health service treatment. This approach was composed through interviewing 6 guardians caring for adolescents diagnosed with PBD. Interviews were conducted, transcribed and coded using NVivo12 software. The findings revealed the emergent themes as follows: disbelief of initial diagnosis, coping mechanisms, advice, barriers, burdens, stressors, and challenges. The themes described the experiences of guardians that led to feelings of denial, frustration, embarrassment, and resentment. Damaged relationships, medical problems, and financial hardships are only some of the challenges that guardians expressed during the interview. The issues that the guardians experienced provide evidence to fill the gap in the literature regarding effects on guardians. Further research into mental health services and guardians' perceptions on PBD is needed. This study promotes social change by informing mental health providers of the feelings and stressors of the guardians of PBD patients, which may lead to improved care for the family unit.

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Duchschere, Jennifer Elizabeth, and Jennifer Elizabeth Duchschere. "Role Perceptions of Guardians Ad Litem and Children's Attorneys in Dependency Cases." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/622843.

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The State of Arizona remains one of the few states where the number of children entering care is increasing rather than remaining stable or decreasing (U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, 2015). Although there is no research delineating the reasons for this trend, there are a multitude of challenges within Arizona’s child welfare system. This study examines one of the challenges within this system: the specific roles of two different legal representatives for children in dependency cases. The study aimed to discover how guardians ad litem (GAL) and children’s attorneys (CA) in Arizona perceive and execute their roles, as well as to better understand their needs. Qualitative, semi-structured interviews were conducted with five GALs, four CAs, and one attorney who identified as both. Results indicated both types of attorneys perceived their roles to be distinct statutorily, subjective, and an opportunity to provide their child clients with assistance in a variety of ways. Attorneys described execution of their roles through descriptions of general legal duties, communication with child clients, and interactions with other professionals. Lastly, attorneys detailed four challenges to successful execution of their roles including: coping with their own mental health, overwhelmed courts, limited training, and a lack of community resources. This study was limited by a homogeneous sample, in regard to both race (all Caucasian), as well as location which limits generalizability. Further, only one researcher conducted analyses. Future research should seek to better understand others' perspectives regarding child welfare cases, such as judges, parents' attorneys, Department of Child Safety (DCS) caseworkers, or the child clients. Research could also be helpful in creating specific guidelines in determining the "best interests" of a child, or developing materials and trainings that would assist attorneys in their current roles.

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Neale, Derek. "The Book of Guardians (a novel) and writing and remembering (a critical commentary)." Thesis, University of East Anglia, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.364976.

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Lowe, Elaine (R Elaine) Carleton University Dissertation Sociology. "Guardians of an impossible dream; a feminist analysis of early childhood education practices." Ottawa, 1992.

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Breslin, Jack. "Capable Guardians? UN Peacekeeping, Vulnerable Civilians, and Rates of Sexual Exploitation and Abuse." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för freds- och konfliktforskning, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-445640.

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For decades now the UN has weathered accusations that it has failed in its duty by allowing the scandal of sexual exploitation and abuse [SEA] carried out by peacekeepers to continue under its mandate. While preventative policy has improved and significant progress has been made in the academic literature, there are still gaps in the collective understanding the drivers of SEA. This paper seeks to fill one such gap by exploring the relationship between the presence of vulnerable civilians and the phenomena of SEA. Borrowing from criminological literature, a theory is generated which suggests that greater numbers of vulnerable civilians represent increased access to suitable targets and therefore a greater opportunity to offend. From this, two hypotheses are drawn: that the presence of vulnerable civilians will increase the rate of SEA incidents and that the presence of vulnerable civilians will increase sexual exploitation to a notably greater degree than sexual abuse. Utilising a large-N study of UN peacekeeping missions between 2010 and 2019, this paper seeks to test the hypotheses using both OLS and negative binomial regression models. The outcome of the empirical analysis, while indicating a positive relationship between vulnerable civilians and the occurrence of SEA, are not conclusive enough to confirm the relationship without further testing. While the same is true with regards to sexual exploitation seeing a greater effect than sexual abuse, the results for the second hypothesis reveal a stark dichotomy between the two facets of SEA. This dichotomy is shown to be prevalent across several alternative explanations. For these reasons, further research is called for not only into the effect of vulnerable civilians but also into the extent to which numerous other factors affect sexual exploitation and sexual abuse differently.

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MAVHIKI, Ruvimbo Natalie. "Does democracy promotion promote democracy? The Zimbabwean case." Digital Commons @ Lingnan University, 2016. https://commons.ln.edu.hk/pol_etd/16.

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Why has the increase in election funding by both Western international organizations and governmental donor agencies not resulted in the deepening and consolidation of democracy in most African countries? This study assesses this question with reference to Zimbabwe. Significant financial and technical commitments have been invested for the establishment and consolidation of democracy in Zimbabwe, but instead of democratic consolidation, Zimbabwe has oscillated from a de facto one party state to a competitive electoral democracy and then to an electoral authoritarian regime. What explains this puzzling phenomenon? Can democracy promotion promote democracy, and if not, what are the pre-requisites for successful elections and peaceful transfer of power? This project focuses on electoral democracy resulting in power transfer, where a successful election is followed by intra (within one party) or inter (between parties) transfer of power. In countries where elections are constantly held without an alternation of parties in power, can we say democracy promotion is ineffective or are there other factors that inhibit its effectiveness? In addressing these questions, this study argues that increases in election funding does not necessarily guarantee the advancement of democratization and good governance, although it finds that democracy promotion even where it does not result in power transfer does deepens democratic values. It does so by investigating the literature on the following variables presumed to affect democratization processes: democracy as a concept; democratic trends and its recession; democracy promotion’s motives, actors and strategies; democratization by elections in Africa; recipient practices; the role of opposition parties and their strength; the will of the recipient population; and the evolving problem of hybrid democracies given the rise of China and it's strengthening partnership and influence in Africa, all guided by electoral cycle processes. The study’s methodological contribution is a qualitative study of comprehensive empirical data of elections and democratic processes in Zimbabwe compared to those in Tanzania and Ethiopia. The study tests empirical generalizations on the development of democracy and African politics on Zimbabwe and evaluates various methodological approaches to the study of elections as they relate to Zimbabwe.

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Schooley, Shawn Erik. "Appreciative Democracy." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/26696.

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This is a qualitative exploratory, descriptive study to ascertain the feasibility of public administrators at the local government level using an Appreciative Inquiry approach to increase direct citizen participation. It is framed by the interpretive paradigm. Twenty city managers or their designees from cities of between 40,000 and 250,000 citizens were interviewed. Specifically, respondents were asked twelve semi-structured interview questions. Content analysis was used to identify six themes in the data. Ultimately, this study found that Appreciative Inquiry may be useful in limited circumstances as long as barriers to implementation were adequately addressed. However, the potential risks may outweigh the benefits.
Ph. D.

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Whitfied, Lindsay. "Democracy as idea and democracy as process : the politics of democracy and development in Ghana." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.422516.

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Jones, Andrea L. "Volunteer Guardians in the Community| A Mixed Methods Exploration of a Complex Volunteer Task." Thesis, University of Maryland, Baltimore, 2013. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3563338.

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Demographic trends indicate a significant increase in the number of adults over 65, especially those 85 and older (Federal Interagency Forum on Aging-Related Statistics, 2010). Community services may be reduced or eliminated due to fiscal constraints (NGA, 2010). Recruiting and retaining volunteers to act as legal guardians (VGs) for incapacitated older adults may be essential in meeting increased community service demand for guardians.

This mixed method study built upon prior research to include themes of qualitative semi-structured interviews and quantitative results from the Volunteer Functions Inventory (VFI; Clary et al., 1998; Clary, Snyder, & Stutkas, 1996) with VGs from a mid-Atlantic not-for-profit guardianship agency. Quantitative data suggest VG motivations score higher than the comparison sample on subscales measuring factors, such as Values (humanitarian, altruistic reasons), and lower than comparison sample on the Career, Enhancement, and Protective factor subscales. Qualitative data were collected using a semi-structured interview guide and analyzed using the Generic Inductive Qualitative Method (Hood, 2007). Interviews conducted with 12 volunteer guardians indicated themes related to why VGs chose this task, such as 'helping the unbefriended (Values factor),' 'giving back/paying forward,' and 'learning to help.' Themes illustrative of how the guardians performed this volunteer task included 'how they with conflict,' 'need for a good match (client to volunteer),' and 'asking for help.'

In addition, findings seem to indicate that volunteers with human service training employed a more directive case management style. Volunteers without human service training provided more collaborative, functionary guardian services. Qualitative interview data were also collected from six board and agency staff and indicated a difference in perception between administration and VGs related to the 'need for a good match,' as well as 'recruitment' methods.

Implications for practice include the need to provide more support and assistance to volunteers without human service training, understanding the need for guardian-client matches that would be more compatible with the guardian type, as well as a need for improved, specific recruiting methods. Implications for future research include the development of a model to recruit and train volunteer guardians that could be replicated by social service, faith-based, and other not-for-profit agencies.

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Hardy, David A. "Who is guarding the guardians? : a localized all for improved guardianship systems and monitoring /." abstract and full text PDF (UNR users only), 2008. http://0-gateway.proquest.com.innopac.library.unr.edu/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:1459463.

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Thesis (M.J.S.)--University of Nevada, Reno, 2008.
"August, 2008." Includes bibliographical references (leaves 50-54). Library also has microfilm. Ann Arbor, Mich. : ProQuest Information and Learning Company, [2009]. 1 microfilm reel ; 35 mm. Online version available on the World Wide Web.

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Mangual, Rebecca Bonilla. "Characteristic differences between parents/guardians who keep immunization records and those who do not." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 2002. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/2201.

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Fisher, Lindsey M. "Gatekeepers and Guardians: Changes in Women's Status in the Era of the American Revolution." Youngstown State University / OhioLINK, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ysu1471613941.

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Vail, David Douglas. "Guardians of abundance: aerial application, agricultural chemicals, and toxicity in the postwar prairie west." Diss., Kansas State University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/13673.

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Doctor of Philosophy
Department of History
James E. Sherow
This dissertation contributes to the environmental, agricultural, and technological history of the modern United States by examining pesticide use and the debates surrounding them in the Great Plains from the 1940s to the 1980s. Specifically, it addresses the relationships among aerial sprayers, farmers, agriculturalists, and grassroots concepts of toxicity that emerged from mid-century technological and environmental changes. It argues that pesticides as well as a variety of weeds and insects actively transformed the tools, attitudes, and regulatory policies of their users. Historians of agricultural chemical use in America have focused on the political debates over DDT, the social activism against pesticides that Rachel Carson inspired with her best-selling book Silent Spring (1962), the growth in federal regulatory policy in the 1970s, and the contentious reactions by the chemical and agricultural industries. This study offers a new, ground-level history of pesticides by showing how aerial sprayers, farmers, and agriculturalists developed custom chemical applications and conceptualized toxicity as each related to the technological and environmental changes in the region. Drawing on multiple sources, including agricultural experiment station reports, scientific studies, government documents, farm journals, landowner and aerial spray pilot correspondence, and oral histories, this study explores how local producers changed with their chemicals, spray planes, and pests to develop an environmental ethos that understood toxicity as a synthetic and natural danger. Although opposition to pesticides became central to modern environmentalism, debates around pesticides‘ effectiveness and dangers did not come only from activists or government regulators. Beginning just after World War II, landowners and spray pilots in the fields and rural airstrips of the Great Plains took the hazards of agricultural chemicals seriously, critiquing how and why pesticides were used for decades after. By viewing chemicals, spray planes, and pests, as well as landowners, pilots, and agriculturalists as equal forces in the regional transformation of farming landscapes, this dissertation highlights a new history of pesticides, agriculture, and the environment. Farmers and custom applicators did not simply follow the economic goals of agribusiness. Nor did they dismiss the dangers of pesticides. Rather, they constructed their own standards of injury and environmental risk that stressed accuracy, regulation, and a reasonable certainty of safety—a result of the equally transformational influences of chemicals, pests, and the region. This study finally offers new insights into the creation of national chemical policy and the regulatory debates over pesticides during the 1960s and 1970s.

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Fowler, Michael W. "Deepening democracy explaining variations in the levels of democracy /." Monterey, Calif. : Naval Postgraduate School, 2010. http://edocs.nps.edu/npspubs/scholarly/dissert/2010/Jun/10Jun%5FFowler%5FPhD.pdf.

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Dissertation (Ph.D. in Security Studies)--Naval Postgraduate School, June 2010.
Dissertation supervisor: Trinkunas, Harold. "June 2010." Description based on title screen as viewed on July 14, 2010. Author(s) subject terms: Democracy, democratization, consolidation, transition, economic development, industrialization, insurgency, violence, diffusion, democratic norms, Philippines, Mexico, Senegal, quantitative, econometric computational model, supply, demand, structural actors, agency, institution, autocracy Includes bibliographical references (p. 257-275). Also available in print.

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Schneider, Andrew James. "Transparency democracy architecture supporting the social ideals of democracy /." Cincinnati, Ohio : University of Cincinnati, 2008. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view.cgi?acc_num=ucin1211936111.

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Thesis (Master of Architecture)--University of Cincinnati, 2008.
Advisors: Elizabeth Riorden (Committee Chair), Jay Chatterjee (Committee Co-Chair). Title from electronic theses title page (viewed Sept 4, 2008.). Includes abstract. Keywords: architecture and democracy; transparency; mediatheque; openness; library. Includes bibliographical references.

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Esperanza, Casullo Maria. "Expanding the borders of democracy deliberative democracy and populism /." Connect to Electronic Thesis (CONTENTdm), 2009. http://worldcat.org/oclc/525166640/viewonline.

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Pilipovic, Josipa. "The body and democracy : Contemporary dance, technology and democracy." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för design (DE), 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-76076.

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In this essay the research question; “How is the body movement de ned in times of democracy due to technology? “will be explored. e process will include a theoretical research on the de nition of democracy in relation to digitalization. e outcome of this project will be in the form of a performance with a con- temporary dancer. e purpose of this project will be to invite the audience to question the limitations and freedoms the digitalized world imposes on our political system and our body movement.

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SCHNEIDER, ANDREW JAMES. "Transparency = Democracy Architecture Supporting the Social Ideals of Democracy." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2008. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1211936111.

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Marzo, Pietro. "The international dimension of Tunisia’s transition to democracy : from consensus over democracy to competitiveness within democracy." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/66900.

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Après le déclenchement des révoltes arabes en 2010, la Tunisie est le seul pays arabe à s'être démocratisé avec succès, dans une région où un repli autoritaire est en train de sévir. Les chercheurs ont étudié la transition démocratique tunisienne en se concentrant principalement sur ses facteurs internes, alors qu'ils ont accordé peu d'attention à l'impact des facteurs internationaux et des influences externes sur le processus de transition. S'appuyant sur une analyse qualitative, cette étude examine la dimension internationale de la transition de la Tunisie vers la démocratie et soutient que les facteurs et influences internationaux ont joué un rôle important dans le processus de démocratisation. Cette recherche se concentre sur l'impact que l'agence des promoteurs internationaux de la démocratie a eu sur la structure nationale tunisienne. Il met en évidence la façon dont l'interaction entre les acteurs internationaux et les groupes nationaux tunisiens a contribué au processus de démocratisation, sans soutenir que les facteurs externes ont imposé les choix et des acteurs politiques et sociaux tunisiens. L'étude expose trois résultats théoriques qui contribuent au débat sur la dimension internationale de la démocratisation. Premièrement, cette recherche suggère que lorsque les promoteurs internationaux de la démocratie soutiennent les oppositions nationales à développer une confiance mutuelle à renforcer leurs liens, et de combler les divisions, il favorise l'émergence des nouveaux ‘centres de pouvoir’. Les données empiriques fournies par cette étude démontrent que les programmes d'aide à la démocratie et les influences libérales internationales ont favorisé la création d'une coalition tunisienne pro-démocratie d'opposition au régime de Ben Ali. Deuxièmement, cette étude avance que le faible niveau de la bataille étrangère pour l'influence en Tunisie a facilité le processus de négociation entre les élites de transition pendant le processus de démocratisation. Troisièmement, cette étude soutient que lors de la transition tunisienne vers la démocratie, les promoteurs internationaux de la démocratie ont aidé les partis politiques tunisiens à passer d'un consensus initial sur la mise en place d'un système politique démocratique à une concurrence au sein du système démocratique mis en place. Bien que cette étude se concentre uniquement sur le cas de la Tunisie, tous les chapitres fournissent des preuves comparatives avec d'autres contextes régionaux.
Following the outbreak of the Arab revolts in late 2010, Tunisia is the only Arab country that has democratized successfully in a region where authoritarian retrenchment prevails. Scholars have studied the Tunisian transition to democracy focusing mainly on domestic factors, devoting little attention to the role international factors and external influences played in the transitional process. Relying on qualitative analysis, this study investigates the international dimension of Tunisia’s transition to democracy and argues that international factors and influences played a relevant role in the democratization process. This research focuses on the impact the agency of international democracy promoters had on Tunisian national structure during the transition to democracy, without downplaying the agency of Tunisian political and social actors. It highlights how the interplay between international actors and Tunisia domestic groups contributed to the making of the democratization process. The study lays out three theoretical findings that contribute to the debates on the international dimension of democratization and democracy promotion. First, it suggests that when international democracy promoters support domestic oppositions in developing mutual trust, strengthening ties and bridging divisions, they enhance the emergence of new alternative ‘centres of power’ to the regime. Second, this study argues that the low level of foreign squabbling for influence in Tunisia facilitated the bargaining process among transitional elites during the democratization process. Third, this study suggests that during the Tunisian transition to democracy, international democracy promoters helped Tunisian transition elites to move from the initial consensus over democracy to competition within the democracy. While this study focuses only on the Tunisia’s case, all the chapters provide comparative evidence with other countries in the Middle East and North Africa to back up the empirical findings and the theoretical reflections.

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King, Deborah. "Deepening democracy? : a study of democracy education programs in Thailand /." [St. Lucia, Qld.], 2004. http://adt.library.uq.edu.au/public/adt-QU20050410.120201/index.html.

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Callahan, Julia P. "DESCRIPTIVE STUDY OF PARENTS' AND GUARDIANS' PERCEIVED BARRIERS TO PHYSICAL ACTIVITY IN THE MISSISSIPPI DELTA." MSSTATE, 2008. http://sun.library.msstate.edu/ETD-db/theses/available/etd-03312008-193809/.

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Understanding of beliefs, attitudes, and behaviors toward health issues, such as physical inactivity, within certain populations are often studied to design programs and interventions specific to communities. A total of six elementary schools were chosen in the Mississippi Delta, two elementary schools within three school districts, to provide a deeper understanding of barriers to physical activity. Forty-four parents and guardians of elementary aged children participated in focus groups to discuss current physical activity levels and factors impacting and limiting local childrens physical activity levels. The most frequently reported barriers were environmental issues such as fear of childrens safety, lack of resources, and individual and social constraints such as time, parental influences, and television viewing. Concerns about safety and violence were the most frequently mentioned issues among participants. Collection through other methods of research is needed to further understand and assess the problems faced in this region.

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Viẽ̂n, Thê ́Nguyẽ̂n. "The traditional role of parents or guardians in Vietnamese marriages and canonical freedom of consent." Theological Research Exchange Network (TREN) Access this title online, 1994. http://www.tren.com/search.cfm?p029-0301.

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Roos, Lee Raymond. "The appointment of guardians, procurators and advocates in matrimonial cases a role for the judge? /." Theological Research Exchange Network (TREN), 1996. http://www.tren.com.

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Knowles, Susan Anne. ""A certain portion of the whole." : inspectors, guardians and anatomists in East Anglia, 1832-1908." Thesis, Open University, 2009. http://oro.open.ac.uk/54210/.

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This thesis reassesses the workings of the Anatomy Act (1832) in East Anglia throughout the nineteenth century. Underpinning the practice of medical education was the need to acquire human corpses to permit the essential study of anatomy. Over the course of the century the source of anatomical material moved from bodies taken from their graves by bodysnatchers to unclaimed pauper corpses from workhouses and hospitals to the increasing use of the cadavers of lunatics from the vast Victorian asylums. The accepted view of the Anatomy Act is that it stopped bodysnatching but failed to ensure a plentiful supply of cadavers. Whilst recent research has largely focused on specific changes in Poor Law legislation or the impact of the reorganisation of medical curricula on the supply of corpses, this study widens the debate by identifying seven groups; bodysnatchers, teachers of anatomy, medical students, inspectors of anatomy, paupers, guardians and those who elected them to office and examines their respective parts in attempting to solve the perennial problem of the shortage of corpses for dissection. The shifting locus of power between the groups is examined with reference to external changes which were brought to bear on their relationships. Cambridge Medical School is used as a case study to highlight the difficulties provincial schools experienced in obtaining dissection material and to indicate how, in this particular case, they were solved by the actions of determined individuals resulting in Cambridge becoming one of the most successful medical schools in the country by the end of the nineteenth century. This research contributes to the small, but growing, number of regional studies which are necessary to enable us to gain an overview of the effect of the Anatomy Act on the study of medicine across Britain in the nineteenth century.

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Douglas, Christopher Charles. "The It-Narrator as Moral Agent: Social Guardians in Eighteenth- and Nineteenth-Century Transatlantic Literature." OpenSIUC, 2016. https://opensiuc.lib.siu.edu/dissertations/1193.

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Despite shifts in marketing and ideological emphasis from the 1730s to the 1890s, the it-narrative genre (wherein objects and animals recount their own histories) remained surprisingly consistent in the nature of the social commentary it provided. In contrast to earlier studies, mainly devoted to small segments of the phenomenon in Britain or America, this study brings out the transatlantic persistence of the it-narrator’s functioning as a model of moral agency, cognizant of his/her/its obligations within a societal grid. A lens to the contemporary perception of what made it-narratives important is available in the writings of Thomas Reid, an eighteenth-century philosopher who emphasized the tangible reality of moral judgment as a force in "practical ethics." Widely known in Britain and America during this period, Reid’s paradigm, in dialogue with modern histories of material and popular culture, informs my account of how the it-narrative, while certainly responding to specific cultural trends, became ever more solidly perceived as an intertextual forum for understanding moral agency and social justice.

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Beer, Andrew. "Perceptions of hope and expectancy in parents and guardians beginning family therapy with their child." Diss., University of Iowa, 2018. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/6546.

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The Common Factors Model was introduced in 1992 by Michael Lambert suggesting that four factors that exist in all forms of psychotherapy are what account for positive therapeutic outcomes. The four common factors posited by Lambert include: Extratherapeutic Factors, The Therapeutic Relationship, Hope and Expectancy and Specific Factors. Marriage and family therapy is one form of psychotherapy that has taken an interest in The Common Factors Model and dedicated various amounts of research to understand connections between the two philosophies. Despite the efforts to understand common factors that exist in marriage and family therapy, very little research has been done studying the relationship between the common factor Hope and Expectancy, and marriage and family therapy. The current study aimed to fill that gap, by exploring the relationship between marriage and family therapy, and the common factor hope and expectancy through the lens of Snyder’s Hope Theory. In this study, a mixed methods sequential embedded designed was implemented to examine the relationship that exists between marriage and family therapy and the common factor Hope and Expectancy. The results indicated that levels of hope and expectancy were high in parents/guardians who were going to start participating family therapy with their child. The high levels of hope and expectancy were likely due to the activation of an interaction between extratherapeutic factors and hope and expectancy. Some of the extratherapeutic factors involved in the interaction were specific to marriage and family therapy, while others can be found in all forms of psychotherapy.

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Kane, Eryn M. "The Guardians of Civilization: Neo-Republican Motherhood in Post-World War II America, 1945-1963." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1366640052.

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42

Kusmayati, Anne. "Democracy in Indonesia." Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 1994. http://handle.dtic.mil/100.2/ADA282900.

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Thesis (M.S. in International Resource Planning and Management) Naval Postgraduate School, June 1994.
Thesis advisor(s): Thomas C. Bruneau, Roger Evered. "June 1994." Bibliography: p. 127-129. Also available online.

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Farley, Anne M. "Street-level democracy." Access to citation, abstract and download form provided by ProQuest Information and Learning Company; downloadable PDF file, 204 p, 2007. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1257807131&sid=6&Fmt=2&clientId=8331&RQT=309&VName=PQD.

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Kangas, Lari. "Namibian democracy : consolidated? /." Thesis, Link to the online version, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10019/210.

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Williams, Dustin Lienesch Michael. "Walter Lippman's democracy." Chapel Hill, N.C. : University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 2007. http://dc.lib.unc.edu/u?/etd,1615.

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Thesis (M.A.)--University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 2008.
Title from electronic title page (viewed Sep. 16, 2008). "... in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts in the Department of Political Science." Discipline: Political Science; Department/School: Political Science.

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Cammack, Daniela Louise. "Rethinking Athenian Democracy." Thesis, Harvard University, 2012. http://dissertations.umi.com/gsas.harvard:10724.

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Conventional accounts of classical Athenian democracy represent the assembly as the primary democratic institution in the Athenian political system. This looks reasonable in the light of modern democracy, which has typically developed through the democratization of legislative assemblies. Yet it conflicts with the evidence at our disposal. Our ancient sources suggest that the most significant and distinctively democratic institution in Athens was the courts, where decisions were made by large panels of randomly selected ordinary citizens with no possibility of appeal. This dissertation reinterprets Athenian democracy as “dikastic democracy” (from the Greek dikastēs, “judge”), deﬁned as a mode of government in which ordinary citizens rule principally through their control of the administration of justice. It begins by casting doubt on two major planks in the modern interpretation of Athenian democracy: first, that it rested on a conception of the “wisdom of the multitude” akin to that advanced by epistemic democrats today, and second that it was “deliberative,” meaning that mass discussion of political matters played a defining role. The first plank rests largely on an argument made by Aristotle in support of mass political participation, which I show has been comprehensively misunderstood. The second rests on the interpretation of the verb “bouleuomai” as indicating speech, but I suggest that it meant internal reflection in both the courts and the assembly. The third chapter begins the constructive part of the project by comparing the assembly and courts as instruments of democracy in Athens, and the fourth shows how a focus on the courts reveals the deep political dimensions of Plato’s work, which in turn suggests one reason why modern democratic ideology and practice have moved so far from the Athenians’ on this score. Throughout, the dissertation combines textual, philological and conceptual analysis with attention to institutional detail and the wider historical context. The resulting account makes a strong case for the relevance of classical Athens today, both as a source of potentially useful procedural mechanisms and as the point of origin of some of the philosophical presuppositions on which the modern conception of democracy and its limits depends.
Government

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Danielsen, James. "Pyramidal deliberative democracy." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/74502.

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This dissertation has two main objectives. First, to outline an ICT-facilitated model of democracy called ‘pyramidal democracy’ that reconciles deliberative democracy with mass engagement. Second, to suggest how this model of democracy might engender the democratisation of the global economy and thus the provision of a basic level of economic security for all global citizens. At the core of the model is the pyramidal deliberative network, a means of organising citizens into small online deliberative groups and linking these groups together by means of an iterative process of delegate-selection and group-formation. The pyramidal network enables citizens to aggregate their preferences in a deliberative manner, and then project social power by authorizing the delegates at the top-tier of the pyramidal network to communicate their social demands to elected officials or to other points of authority. The envisioned outcome is the democratisation of the public sphere by means of the proliferation of deliberative networks in the government, market, and civil society spheres. Transnational pyramidal networks may make it feasible to instantiate a new citizen-based schema of global governance and, thereby, facilitate the reform of the United Nations and enable a transition towards global peace, sustainability, and distributive justice. Distributive justice might be achieved by means of implementing the six components of a democratised economy: participatory budgeting, fee-and-dividend taxes, a basic income, monetary reform, workplace democracy, and the sharing economy. Taken together, these components might enable the universal provision of a social minimum – a universal basic income sufficient for basic security and real freedom. Taken to its logical conclusion, a democratised economy may also enable a transition towards a post-scarcity economic order characterised by a maximal stock of humanmade and natural capital that would not exceed the sustainable carrying capacity of the earth.

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Tavares, Kelly de Oliveira. "Evaluating Organizational Democracy." Thesis, University of Oregon, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1794/12139.

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xii, 79 p. : ill. (some col.)
In this study I propose a framework to assess democratic practices in non-profit organizations. The purpose is to identify actions that strengthen empowerment, examine how they are applied in the managerial and educational practices, and determine the outcomes for participants and stakeholders. I developed an assessment protocol based on organizational democracy principles through an examination of peer reviewed literature and field observations. I applied the resulting evaluation framework in a case study of Juventud FACETA, a program at the Amigos Multicultural Services Center, an organization that has sought to incorporate democratic practices in their mission. This study will be useful for 1) testing a formulation of criteria to examine and develop democratic practices in organizations and 2) designing a piloted evaluation protocol that can be used to assess organizational characteristics and actions that yield democratic empowerment outcomes among organization constituencies and staff dedicated to these principles in action.
Committee in charge: Dr. John Fenn, Chairperson; Dr. Doug Blandy, Member; Dr. Deborah Jonhson-Shelton, Member;

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Jensen, Cecilia, and Ingrid Persson. "Elevdemokrati/Students' democracy." Thesis, Malmö högskola, Lärarutbildningen (LUT), 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-32091.

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Syftet med examensarbetet har varit att undersöka om klassråd och elevråd är fungerande demokratiska fora. Arbetet innehåller en enkätundersökning på tre skolor där vi vänt oss till elever i årskurs fem. Vi har även intervjuat klasslärarna i respektive klass. Resultatet av undersökningen visar att elever och lärare upplever klassråd och elevråd som bra demokratiska fora, men att den demokratiska processen upplevs som enklare i klassråd än i elevråd.

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Félix, Sónia. "Democracy and fertility." Master's thesis, NSBE - UNL, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10362/11841.

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A Masters Thesis, presented as part of the requirements for the award of a Research Masters Degree in Economics from NOVA – School of Business and Economics
This research is an empirical assessment of the causal relationship between democracy and birth rates. The question under study is whether a country is more likely to experience fertility declines as it becomes more democratic, holding the other country's characteristics constant. This study goes beyond the existing literature to establish a causal relationship between democratization and fertility declines. To establish a causal relation we adopt two complementary strategies. The first is to include country fixed effects in the estimation and the second is to use an instrumental variables approach. The results suggest a robust negative causal relationship between democracy and birth rates. We interpret the effect of political rights on fertility as stemming from a decrease in overall societal risk, which diminishes as political institutions mature.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'The guardians of democracy'

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