Academic literature on the topic 'The garantees of parties rights'
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Journal articles on the topic "The garantees of parties rights":
1
Fornasier, Matteo. "The Impact of EU Fundamental Rights on Private Relationships: Direct or Indirect Effect?" European Review of Private Law 23, Issue 1 (February 1, 2015): 29–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/erpl2015003.
Abstract:
Abstract: Traditionally, the primary goal of fundamental rights has been to limit the power of the state over individuals. However, it is undisputed in most legal orders today that fundamental rights also have an impact on the relationship between private parties. This article looks at how the fundamental rights guaranteed at the level of European Union (EU) law may affect private law relationships. In particular, this article analyses whether EU fundamental rights have a direct or indirect effect in private relations, that is to say, whether they are, as such, binding on private parties or whether they impose obligations on individuals only through the medium of an implementing act. It will be shown that, contrary to what has been written by a number of authors, this question actually matters in practice, especially in the context of the social rights guaranteed by the Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union. Special attention is devoted to the more recent case law of the Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU), which in the view of some commentators supports the notion of a direct horizontal effect. Résumé: Traditionnellement, l'objectif premier des droits fondamentaux était de limiter le pouvoir de l'Etat sur les individus. Cependant, il est incontestable aujourd'hui que dans la plupart des ordres juridiques, les droits fondamentaux ont aussi un impact sur les relations entre parties privées. Le présent article observe comment les droits fondamentaux garantis au niveau de la législation de l'UE peuvent affecter les relations de droit privé. L'article examine en particulier si les droits fondamentaux de l'UE ont un effet direct ou indirect dans les relations privées, en d'autres termes, si en tant que tels, ils lient les parties privées ou s'ils imposent des obligations aux individus seulement par le moyen d'une loi de transposition. Il est démontré que, contrairement à ce qu'ont écrit un certain nombres d'auteurs, cette question est importante actuellement dans la pratique, spécialement dans le contexte des droits sociaux garantis par la Charte des droits fondamentaux de l'Union européenne. Une attention spéciale est accordée à la jurisprudence récente de la CJUE, qui, selon certains commentateurs, soutient la notion d'effet direct horizontal.
2
CABRERA RODRÍGUEZ, José. "El ejercicio de derechos fundamentales a través de las organizaciones y los procedimientos administrativos." Revista Vasca de Administración Pública / Herri-Arduralaritzarako Euskal Aldizkaria, no. 107-I (April 28, 2017): 43–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.47623/ivap-rvap.107.2017.1.02.
Abstract:
LABURPENA: Funtsezko eskubideek posizio juridiko subjektiboak babesten dituzte euren titularren alde, botere publikoa edo, kasuan kasu, hirugarrenak tartean sartzearen aurrean. Baina haien eduki arautzaileak berme objektiboak ere eskatzen ditu eskubide horiek eraginkortasunez erabiltzeko behar diren erakunde eta prozeduretan. RESUMEN: Los derechos fundamentales protegen posiciones jurídicas subjetivas en favor de sus titulares frente a intromisiones provenientes del poder público o, en su caso, de terceros. Pero su contenido normativo exige también garantías objetivas en las organizaciones y procedimientos de los que dependa el ejercicio efectivo de estos derechos. ABSTRACT: Fundamental rights protect individual legal status from any arbitrary state actions or torts committed by private parties. However, such rights may also involve warranties concerning organization and procedural issues in which their enforcement is at stake.
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Kelly, James B., and Michael Murphy. "Confronting Judicial Supremacy: A Defence of Judicial Activism and the Supreme Court of Cananda's Legal Rights Jurisprudence." Canadian journal of law and society 16, no. 1 (April 2001): 3–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0829320100006554.
Abstract:
RésuméCet article étudie la relation entre le contrôle constitutionnel exercé par la Cour Suprême du Canada et la démocratie en analysant la jurisprudence portant sur les droits garantis par la Charte. Plus précisément, l'article vise à engager le débat avec un groupe influent d'universitaires, les interprétivistes canadiens, illustrés par les contributions scientifiques de F. L. Morton, Rainer Knopff et Christopher P. Manfredi. Contrairement aux interprétivistes qui concluent que l'activisme judiciaire de la Cour Suprême du Canada a compromis le constitutionnalisme libéral, cet article suggère qu'il a plutôt renforcé la suprématie de la Constitution. Cet argument est développé en deux parties. Dans la première, les limites théoriques de la compréhension de l'intention du législateur historique sont explorées pour illustrer les difficultés conceptuelles auxquelles font face les interprétivistes canadiens dans leur tentative de démontrer que le pouvoir judiciaire au Canada est sans contrainte. Nous soutenons que la construction de la compréhension historique est une entreprise hautement subjective qui a crée le mythe de la suprématie judiciaire. Dans la deuxième partie, les limites empiriques de ce mythe sont discutées en identifiant le paradoxe de l'activisme judiciaire: comment il varie, ainsi que son effet, selon l'acteur étatique qui se trouve au centre du recours à la Charte. Grâce à une analyse de cas d'un ensemble de décisions portant sur les droits garantis, l'article confronte ce mythe en démontrant que l'activisme judiciaire contre la police ne renforce point la suprématie judiciaire mais bien celle de la Constitution. En redéfinissant la relation entre les citoyens et l'État par une jurisprudence activiste des droits, la Cour suprême du Canada a effectivement contrôlé des abus de pouvoir par les agents de police. Cet activisme sert bien l'avancement de la suprématie constitutionnelle, quoi qu'en disent les interprétivistes canadiens‥
4
Sancha Díez, José Pablo. "Derechos de los reclusos en la jurisprudencia del Tribunal Europeo de Derechos Humanos // Inmates’ rights Caselaw in the European Court of Human Rights." Revista de Derecho Político 1, no. 102 (July 31, 2018): 333. http://dx.doi.org/10.5944/rdp.102.2018.22396.
Abstract:
Resumen:A pesar de las reticencias de los Estados Partes del CEDH de ceder verdaderas porciones de soberanía, o por mejor decir, de ius puniendi estatales, al Consejo de Europa, de la problemática de la ejecución de las sentencias del TEDH al estar en manos del Comité de Ministros, un órgano político, intergubernamental y no jurisdiccional , disociándose así las funciones de juzgar y hacer ejecutar lo juzgado, al carecer el TEDH de facultades anulatorias o revocatorias de las resoluciones y actuaciones internas vulneradoras de derechos recogidos en el Convenio, y de la inexistencia de un catálogo de derechos fundamentales penitenciarios, recogidos por un lado en instrumentos internacionales de ius cogens, es decir, imperativos, y por otro, en Resoluciones y Recomendaciones meramente programáticas, carentes de fuerza obligatoria (vgr. Reglas Penitenciarias Europeas), hemos de reconocer que el TEDH ha venido cumpliendo dignamente el mandato de protección de los derechos y libertades contenidos en el Convenio, y muy especialmente respecto de los derechos de las personas privadas de libertad, y por ende, de los reclusos. Del análisis de la profusa jurisprudencia del TEDH se infiere que las garantías normativas de los presos consagradas en el CEDH, para no ser teóricas e ilusorias, sino reales y efectivas, han tenido que ser ampliadas, perfiladas y completadas por una serie de garantías jurisdiccionales, a través de un sistema o mecanismo jurisdiccional pretoriano, que debemos calificar de verdadera obra pretoriana del TEDH, y que fue cristalizándose o codificándose en los diversos Protocolos modificativos. Se convendrá, pues, fácilmente, que el grado de protección de los derechos humanos logrado en el ámbito del Consejo de Europa no tiene parangón en relación con otros sistemas universales o regionales nacidos con el mismo cometido, al albur de los procesos de humanización de los sistemas penitenciarios y de internacionalización de los derechos humanos, que tienen lugar a partir de la Segunda Guerra Mundial.Summary:1. Introduction. 2. Judicial protection of human rights and its internationalisationprocess: ECHR. 2.1. The execution of the ECHR issue. 3. Analysis of the inmates’ rights in the ECHR caselaw. 3.1. The ECHR caselaw regarding inmates in spain. 3.2. Excursus on the parot doctrine. 3.3. ECHR caselaw regarding inmates out of spain. 4. Final remarks.Abstract:Despite the reluctance of the State Parties of the ECHR to cede actual portions of their sovereignty or, more specifically, of their state ius punendi in favour of the Council of Europe; the issue of the ECHR sentences execution (given to the fact that this is carried out by the Committee of Ministers, a political, intergovernmental and non-judicial organ, dissociating then the tasks of judging and executing what has been judge); the lack of revocation powers by the ECHR regarding the resolutions and internal decisions relating to the violations of the Convention; the lack of an inventory of the fundamental rights included in ius cogens (i.e. imperative) international tools, and the only pragmatic non-compulsory Resolutions and Recommendations (e.g. European Prison Rules), wemust admit that the ECHR has been worthily fulfilling its mandate of protecting the rights and freedoms contained in the Convention and, specially, regarding the rights of those deprived of liberty and consequently, of the inmates.The analysis of the extensive ECHR caselaw infers that the safeguards of the rights of inmates enshrined in the European Council, in order to be real and effective, instead of theoretical or illusory, must have been extended, shaped and completed by a set of judiciary safeguards. This has been possible thanks to a Praetorian judiciary system which must be considered as a real Praetorian work by the ECHR and which has been the object of many amending Protocols. Thus, it can be easily concluded that the level of protection of the human rights achieved by the Council of Europe is unparalleled if compared with other universal or local systems similarly conceived as a result of the human right penitentiary and internationalisation systems developed after the Second World War.
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Sancha Díez, José Pablo. "Derechos de los reclusos en la jurisprudencia del Tribunal Europeo de Derechos Humanos." Revista de Derecho de la UNED (RDUNED), no. 21 (January 31, 2018): 455. http://dx.doi.org/10.5944/rduned.21.2017.21170.
Abstract:
A pesar de las reticencias de los Estados Partes del CEDH de ceder verdaderas porciones de soberanía, o por mejor decir, de ius puniendi estatales, al Consejo de Europa, de la problemática de la ejecución de las sentencias del TEDH al estar en manos del Comité de Ministros, un órgano político, intergubernamental y no jurisdiccional, disociándose así las funciones de juzgar y hacer ejecutar lo juzgado, al carecer el TEDH de facultades anulatorias o revocatorias de las resoluciones y actuaciones internas vulneradoras de derechos recogidos en el Convenio, y de la inexistencia de un catálogo de derechos fundamentales penitenciarios, recogidos por un lado en instrumentos internacionales de ius cogens, es decir, imperativos, y por otro, en Resoluciones y Recomendaciones meramente programáticas, carentes de fuerza obligatoria (vgr. Reglas Penitenciarias Europeas), hemos de reconocer que el TEDH ha venido cumpliendo dignamente el mandato de protección de los derechos y libertades contenidos en el Convenio, y muy especialmente respecto de los derechos de las personas privadas de libertad, y por ende, de los reclusos. Del análisis de la profusa jurisprudencia del TEDH se infiere que las garantías normativas de los presos consagradas en el CEDH, para no ser teóricas e ilusorias, sino reales y efectivas, han tenido que ser ampliadas, perfiladas y completadas por una serie de garantías jurisdiccionales, a través de un sistema o mecanismo jurisdiccional pretoriano, que debemos calificar de verdadera obra pretoriana del TEDH, y que fue cristalizándose o codificándose en los diversos Protocolos modificativos. Se convendrá, pues, fácilmente, que el grado de protección de los derechos humanos logrado en el ámbito del Consejo de Europa no tiene parangón en relación con otros sistemas universales o regionales nacidos con el mismo cometido, al albur de los procesos de humanización de los sistemas penitenciarios y de internacionalización de los derechos humanos, que tienen lugar a partir de la Segunda Guerra Mundial.Despite the reluctance of the State Parties of the ECHR to cede actual portions of their sovereignty or, more specifically, of their state ius punendi in favour of the Council of Europe; the issue of the ECHR sentences execution (given to the fact that this is carried out by the Committee of Ministers, a political, intergovernmental and non-judicial organ, dissociating then the tasks of judging and executing what has been judge); the lack of revocation powers by the ECHR regarding the resolutions and internal decisions relating to the violations of the Convention; the lack of an inventory of the fundamental rights included in ius cogens (i.e. imperative) international tools, and the only pragmatic non-compulsory Resolutions and Recommendations (e.g. European Prison Rules), we must admit that the ECHR has been worthily fulfilling its mandate of protecting the rights and freedoms contained in the Convention and, specially, regarding the rights of those deprived of liberty and consequently, of the inmates. The analysis of the extensive ECHR caselaw infers that the safeguards of the rights of inmates enshrined in the European Council, in order to be real and effective, instead of theoretical or illusory, must have been extended, shaped and completed by a set of judiciary safeguards. This has been possible thanks to a Praetorian judiciary system which must be considered as a real Praetorian work by the ECHR and which has been the object of many amending Protocols. Thus, it can be easily concluded that the level of protection of the human rights achieved by the Council of Europe is unparalleled if compared with other universal or local systems similarly conceived as a result of the human right penitentiary and internationalisation systems developed after the Second World War.
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Albornoz, María Victoria. "Reflexiones generales sobre constitucionalización del derecho privado, defensa del consumidor y responsabilidad de la persona jurídica." Revista de Derecho Privado │Universidad Blas Pascal 10, no. 10 (December 12, 2023): 37–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.37767/2362-5325(2023)003.
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Nuestra Constitución Nacional se ha postulado decisivamente por la Constitucionalización del Derecho Privado, a partir de su reforma. La introducción de los nuevos derechos y garantías, como así también de los derechos humanos /ART. 75 INC. 22 C.N), platean la adecuación del Derecho Privado a estas nuevas fuentes de jerarquía supranacional.Respecto del derecho del consumidor, la preeminencia de la Ley 24.240 está dada por su proximidad a la C.N, en particular en el campo del derecho del consumo.La categoría de consumidores en situación de vulnerabilidad agravada, hablare de consumidores que por diversas razones se encuentran en situación de marcada inferioridad, inferioridad que puede obedecer a diversas razones, como la edad, el idioma, los recursos económicos, etcétera.Por otro lado encontramos la intermediación de las plataformas de comercio electrónico, conectando a partes que normalmente no se conocen, ni tienen contacto físico entre ellas. Por ultimo poder determinar cuándo deberá responder civilmente la persona jurídica por los daños causados a terceros y cuándo podrá ser extensiva a sus miembros, administradores o representantes, etc.Cabe concluir hablando de una nueva manera de comercialización, el contrato de distribución comercial y su interpretación en el Código Civil y Comercial. Surgiendo así una nueva red de comercialización entre productores y distribuidores de productos y servicios. Abstract Our National Constitution has been decisively postulated by the Constitutionalization of Private Law, since its reform. The introduction of new rights and guarantees, as well as human rights / ART. 75 INC. 22 C.N), platean the adequacy of Private Law to these new sources of supranational hierarchy. With regard to consumer law, the pre- eminence of Law 24.240 isgiven by its proximity to the C.N, in particular in the field of consumer law. The category of consumers in a situation of aggravated vulnerability, I will speak of consumers who for various reasons are in a situation of marked inferiority, inferiority that can be due to various reasons, such as age, language, economic resources, etc. On the other hand we find the intermediation of e-commerce platforms, connecting parties that normally do not know each other, nor have physical contact with each other. Finally, to be able to determine when the legal entity must respond civilly for the damages caused to third parties and when it may be extended to itsmembers, administrators or representatives, etc. It is possible to conclude by talking about a new way of marketing, the commercial distribution contract and its interpretation in the Civil and Commercial Code. Thus emerging a new marketing network between producers and distributors of products and services.
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MARTÍNEZ MATA, Yolanda. "La protección de los derechos fundamentales en el Mecanismo Único de Supervisión y el Mecanismo Único de Resolución." Revista Vasca de Administración Pública / Herri-Arduralaritzarako Euskal Aldizkaria, no. 110-II (April 30, 2018): 267–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.47623/ivap-rvap.110.2018.2.08.
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LABURPENA: Banka Batasunak (duela gutxi eratu da) ikuskapenak egiteko eta ebazpenak emateko dauzkan mekanismoak konplexuak dira oso, Europako nahiz nazioarteko hainbat agintariren arteko koordinazioa behar duelako. Tarteko diren erakunde, akziodun, gordailugile, hartzekodun edo lehiatzaileen oinarrizko eskubideen edukia eta esparrua jorratzeke daude oraindik. Ikuskapenerako Mekanismo Bakarra eta Ebazpenetarako Mekanismo Bakarra teknikoki konplexuak direla-eta, pentsatzekoa da batasuneko jurisdikzioak apreziazio-marjina handia emango dioela alor horretan eskumenak dituzten erakundeei. Apreziatzeko gaitasun horri kontrapisua egiteko, zorrotz-zorrotz errespetatu beharko dira interesdunen ziurtasun prozesalak, horiek baitira beren oinarrizko eskubideak babesteko tresna baliagarrienak. RESUMEN: Los mecanismos de supervisión y resolución de la reciente Unión Bancaria instituyen un entramado complejo de coordinación entre diversas autoridades europeas y nacionales. Dentro de ellos, el contenido y alcance de los derechos fundamentales de las entidades afectadas, de sus accionistas, depositantes, acreedores o competidores constituye todavía un terreno pendiente de explorar. Vista la complejidad técnica inherente al MUS y al MUR, es previsible que la jurisdicción comunitaria atribuya un amplio margen de apreciación a las instituciones competentes en estos ámbitos. El contrapeso a esta facultad de apreciación deberá constituirlo un estricto respeto a las garantías procesales de los interesados, como principal instrumento de salvaguarda de sus derechos fundamentales. ABSTRACT: The supervision and resolution mechanisms of the recent banking union are a complex studding of coordination between the different European and national authorities. Among these, the content and scope of fundamental rights of affected entities, their shareholders, depositors, creditors and competitors are still a ground to be explored. Due to the inherent technical complexity of the single supervisory and resolution mechanisms, it is foreseeable that the Community jurisdiction grants a broad margin of appreciation to the competent institutions in these fields. The counterweight to this faculty of appreciation should be a strict respect to the procedural safeguards of the interested parties as the principal tool to protect fundamental rights.
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Arenas García, Rafael. "Fusiones internacionales, libertad de establecimiento y derechos de los acreedores. Cuestiones abiertas por la STJ (Sala Tercera) de 7 de abril de 2016 (as. C-483/14, KA Finanz AG y Sparkassen Versicherung AG Vienna Insurance Group) = International mergers, freedom of establishment and creditor’s rights. Open questions in the judgment of the court of justice (third chamber) of 7th april 2016 (as. C-483/14, KA Finanz AG and Sparkassen Versicherung AG Vienna Insurance Group)." CUADERNOS DE DERECHO TRANSNACIONAL 9, no. 2 (October 5, 2017): 570. http://dx.doi.org/10.20318/cdt.2017.3887.
Abstract:
Resumen: La sentencia KA Finanz ofrece al Tribunal de Luxemburgo la oportunidad de pronunciarse sobre varias cuestiones relevantes en materia de fusiones internacionales. En concreto sobre las relaciones entre el Derecho rector de las obligaciones de las que son parte las sociedades que intervienen en la fusión y la que se aplica a este operación; la determinación del Derecho rector de la fusión y ciertos límites en las posibilidades de regular las garantías de los acreedores en las fusiones internacionales. Además, interpreta qué ha de entenderse por titulares de títulos a los que correspondan derechos especiales (art. 15 de la Directiva 78/855/CEE).Palabras clave: Derecho de sociedades, libertad de establecimiento, fusiones internacionales, protección de los acreedores.Abstract: The KA Finanz judgment allows the Luxembourg Court to deal with some relevant issues connected to international mergers. Specifically, on the relationship between the laws governing the obligations of which the companies involved in the merger are parties, and the one that applies to the merger; the determination of the law governing the merger and also on certain limits of the national legislators in the regulation of the creditor’s guarantees in international mergers. Furthermore, it interprets what is to be understood by holders of securities to which special rights are attached (article 15 of Directive 78/855 / EEC).Keywords: Company law, freedom of establishment, international mergers, protection of the interest of creditors.
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Sánchez Pos, María Victoria. "La entrada e intervención de terceros en el arbitraje comercial internacional = Joinder and intervention of additional parties in international commercial arbitration." CUADERNOS DE DERECHO TRANSNACIONAL 12, no. 1 (March 5, 2020): 365. http://dx.doi.org/10.20318/cdt.2020.5193.
Abstract:
Resumen: En el marco del arbitraje multiparte, la entrada e intervención de terceros es definida como la incorporación de partes adicionales a un arbitraje ya iniciado. Este mecanismo procesal presenta, sin embargo, multitud de dificultades que derivan de la naturaleza eminentemente consensual de la institución arbitral. Así, entre otras, la constancia de la voluntad -expresa o tácita- de todas las partes involucradas en el arbitraje a la entrada del tercero o la salvaguarda de su derecho esencial de participar de manera directa y equitativa en la constitución del tribunal arbitral y de las garantías de privacidad y confidencialidad del arbitraje. Partiendo de estas someras premisas, este trabajo tiene como objetivo el análisis crítico de las disposiciones específicas sobre la admisibilidad y presupuestos de la entrada e intervención de nuevas partes en el arbitraje que las instituciones arbitrales internacionales de mayor relevancia han regulado en los últimos años.Palabras clave: Entrada, intervención, terceros, partes adicionales, arbitraje multiparte, tribunal arbitral.Abstract: One of the major challenges that international arbitration has faced in the last decades is the regulation of multiparty arbitrations, which involve a confrontation between more than two parties with opposing interests. In this context, joinder and intervention deals with the need, in terms of justice and efficiency, to bring an additional party into the proceedings when the arbitration may already be in progress. However, the main characteristic of arbitration is its consensual nature. For this reason, mechanisms for joinder or intervention present considerable difficulties related to the principle of party autonomy, the right to equally participate in the nomination of the arbitrators and the protection of privacy and confidentiality in arbitration proceedings. Apart from dealing with these difficulties, the author discusses in this article the latest joinder provisions contained in leading arbitral rules.Keywords: Joinder, Intervention, Third parties, Additional parties, Multiparty Arbitration, Arbitral Tribunal
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CORNELL, NICOLAS. "Wrongs, Rights, and Third Parties." Philosophy & Public Affairs 43, no. 2 (March 2015): 109–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/papa.12054.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "The garantees of parties rights":
1
Fledeus, Anixon. "Les modes alternatifs de règlement des différends (MARD) et la garantie des droits des parties en matière commerciale : étude comparée des droits français, haïtien et OHADA." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023UBFCF010.
Abstract:
Les modes amiables et alternatifs de règlement des différends (MARD) se sont imposés progressivement comme des moyens rapides et efficaces, spécialement en matière commerciale, pour la résolution des litiges tant nationaux qu'internationaux, en marge du recours à la justice étatique, pour répondre aux attentes des parties. La thèse se propose de démontrer que ces MARD offrent des garanties indéniables aux parties, des garanties qu’elles ne trouvent pas toujours au sein de la justice contentieuse. Du fait des opportunités qu’offrent ces modes amiables et alternatifs, ils peuvent être vus comme un mode offrant une justice sûre et efficace pour résoudre des différends contractuels en matière commerciale. Les parties y trouvent des solutions appropriées et bénéfiques, en profitant notamment, du point de vue de la procédure, de la confidentialité, de la rapidité, de la souplesse, de l'indépendance, de l'impartialité et, sur le fond, en participant activement à un mode de règlement fondé sur le consentement.En étudiant le droit français, le droit haïtien et le droit OHADA, cette thèse propose de montrer en quoi, les modes amiables, que sont principalement la conciliation et la médiation, sont des instruments de sécurité garantissant les droits des parties en matière commerciale, puis, en quoi l’arbitrage est aussi un instrument de garantie et de protection des droits des parties en matière de litiges commerciauxAlternative dispute resolution (ADR) have gradually established themselves as rapid and effective means, specially in commercial matters, for the resolution of both national and international disputes, outside of recours to state justice, to respond to the expressions of the parties. The thesis aims to demonstrate that these ADR offer undeniable guarentees to the parties, guarentees that they do not always find with contentious justice. Due find to opportunities offred by these amicalble and alternative methods, they can be seen as a methode offreind safe and affective justice for resolving contractual dispute in commercial matters. The parties find appropriate and beneficial disputes in commercial matters. The partie find appropriate and benecial solutions, taking avantage in particular, from a procedural point of view, of confidentiality, speed, flexibility, idependance, impartiality and, in substance, in actively participating in a consent-based payment methods. By studying French law, Haitian law and OHADA law, this thesis proposes to show how amicable methods, whisch are mainly conciliation and mediation are security instruments granrandueeing the rights of the parties in commercial matters, then, in whish arbitration is also an instrument for guaranteeing and protecting the rights of the partie in matters of commercial disputes
2
Kekelekis, Mihail K. "An analysis of the rights of notifying parties and third parties in EC merger proceedings." Thesis, University of Essex, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.343567.
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Wee, Maurice. "Swedish Political Parties and their Stance on Business and Human Rights." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för geovetenskaper, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-353854.
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Brodie, Ipeleng P. "Political parties and the protection of democratic rights of sexual minorities." University of Western Cape, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/7839.
Abstract:
Magister Artium (Development Studies) - MA(DVS)The protection of sexual minorities’ civil rights and freedoms is paramount in a democratic state considering that these rights are infringed upon on a daily basis through violent crimes such as corrective rape, murder and physical assault. This study intends to establish whether sexual minorities’ democratic rights are being protected and whether political parties are facilitating this process, and if not, why not? In addition, this study will address the question: what is the role of political parties’ in a democratic state, and how do these roles enable the protection of civil rights, inclusivity, and equality? To answer these questions, I will engage in critical discourse analysis of key documents and speeches from the three largest political parties in South Africa: the African National Congress (ANC), the Democratic Alliance (DA), and the Economic Freedom Fighters (EFF).
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Diekmann, Maya. "The rights of the Right : How European far-right populist parties instrumentalise human rights rhetoric to mobilise supporters." Thesis, Malmö universitet, Malmö högskola, Institutionen för globala politiska studier (GPS), 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-42933.
Abstract:
There is a puzzling occurrence in Western Europe: Some far-right populist parties, traditionally seen as antithetical to liberalism, are appropriating liberal rights for their own illiberal ends. On the premise that the parties instrumentalise liberal elements to achieve more legitimacy in a climate of tolerance and respect for human rights in Western Europe, this thesis examines how far-right populist parties use human rights for mobilising purposes. Using Clifford Bob’s four conceptual elements of mobilising human rights rhetoric, in a qualitative content analysis the language of three Western European far-right populist parties is analysed. It is argued that, by drawing from a liberalism of fear, far-right populists frame human rights as a Western achievement, under threat by immigration from Islamic countries and the “corrupt elite” that allows for immigration to continue. By doing so, populists manage to incorporate human rights rhetoric in their mobilisation efforts, without challenging human rights per se.
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Abdul, Hamid Wafi Nazrin. "Loss or damage from the shipment of goods : rights and liabilities of the parties to the maritime adventure." Thesis, University of Southampton, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.242323.
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Castillo, Lara Clara. "Sistema de derechos e integración del sistema interamericano de derechos humanos en México: caso Alfonso Martín del Campo Dodd." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/382469.
Abstract:
El Caso Alfonso Martín del Campo Dodd Vs. México, cuyas víctimas son el señor Alfonso Martín del Campo Dodd y sus familiares, los cuales nombraron como representantes legales a la ONG Acción de los Cristianos para la Abolición de la Tortura (ACAT) - Centro por la Justicia y el Derecho Internacional (CEJIL), entablaron una demanda en contra de los Estados Unidos Mexicanos sobre el Caso ante la CIDH –número 12.228, mismo -Caso ante la Corte IDH -Serie C No. 113, cuyos Tipo(s) de sentencia(s) y fecha(s) son de Excepciones Preliminares. 3 de septiembre de 2004 http://www.corteidh.or.cr/docs/casos/articulos/seriec_113_esp1.pdf
El caso refiere la falta de competencia rationes temporis de la Corte Interamericana de Derechos Humanos en relación a los presuntos actos de tortura cometidos en contra de Alfonso Martín del Campo Dodd con el objetivo de confesar un crimen de homicidio. Las palabras claves son: Derecho a la integridad personal; Libertad personal; Garantías judiciales y procesales; Protección judicial. Los derechos a proteger están contenidos en: La Convención Americana sobre Derechos Humanos --Artículo 1 (Obligación de respetar derechos); -Artículo 2 (Deber de Adoptar Disposiciones de Derecho Interno); -Artículo 5 (Derecho a la integridad personal); -Artículo 7 (Derecho a la libertad personal); -Artículo 8 (Garantías judiciales);-Artículo 25 (Protección judicial). Además de Otro(s) tratado(s) interamericano(s) --Artículos 6, 8 y 10 (Convención Interamericana para Prevenir y Sancionar la Tortura). Así como Otro(s) instrumento(s) internacional(es) citado(s) Convención de Viena sobre el Derecho de los Tratados
Desarrollo del caso -hechos
- Los hechos ocurrieron el 30 de mayo de 1992, cuando fueron asesinados en su domicilio los esposos Juana Patricia Martín del Campo Dodd y Gerardo Zamudio Aldaba. La pareja vivía en dicha residencia con sus tres hijas y con el señor Alfonso Martín del Campo, hermano de la señora Juana Patricia Martín del Campo Dodd.
- El Ministerio Público dio formal inicio a la averiguación previa y se presumió que el señor Alfonso Martín del Campo había asesinado a Juana Patricia Martín del Campo Dodd y Gerardo Zamudio Aldaba. El 30 de mayo fue detenido el señor Alfonso Martín del Campo y se dictó auto de formal prisión en su contra como presunto responsable en la comisión del delito de homicidio. En mayo de 1993 se declaró al señor Dodd penalmente responsable del delito de homicidio cometido en contra de los señores Juana Patricia Martín del Campo Dodd y Gerardo Zamudio Aldaba y se le impuso una pena privativa de la libertad de cincuenta años. En agosto de 1993 se confirmó la sentencia de primera instancia. El señor Dodd presentó un recurso de revisión, el cual fue rechazado, además de otras instancias a las que acudió posteriormente sin que prospera recurso alguno.
Procedimiento ante la Comisión Interamericana de Derechos Humanos
-Fecha de presentación de la petición (12.228): 13 de julio de 1998
-Fechas de informe de admisibilidad (81/01): 10 de octubre de 2001
-Fecha de informe de fondo (63/02): 22 de octubre de 2002
-Informe 117/09 12 de Noviembre de 2009
Procedimiento ante la Corte Interamericana de Derechos Humanos
-Fecha de remisión del caso a la Corte IDH: 30 de enero de 2003. -La CIDH presentó la demanda en este caso con el objeto de que la Corte IDH decidiera si el Estado violó los derechos consagrados en los artículos 5, 7, 8, 25 de la Convención Americana, así como el artículo 1.1 de la misma en perjuicio de Alfonso Martín del Campo Dodd. Asimismo solicitó a la Corte IDH que se declare la violación de los artículos 6, 8 y 10 de la Convención Interamericana para Prevenir y Sancionar la Tortura en perjuicio del señor Dodd.Case Alfonso Martin del Campo Dodd Vs. Mexico, whose victims are Mr. Alfonso Martin del Campo Dodd and their families, which named as legal NGO Christian Action for the Abolition of Torture (ACAT) representatives - Center for Justice and International Law (CEJIL) filed a lawsuit against the United Mexican States on the case before the IACHR 12,228 -number, same -Case before the Inter-American Court -Series C No. 113, whose type (s) of statement (s) and date (s) are on Preliminary Objections. September 3, 2004 http://www.corteidh.or.cr/docs/casos/articulos/seriec_113_esp1.pdf The case concerns the lack of rationes temporis of the Inter-American Court of Human Rights in relation to the alleged acts of torture committed against Alfonso Martin del Campo Dodd in order to confess to a crime of homicide. Keywords are: The right to personal integrity; Personal freedom; Judicial and procedural guarantees; Judicial protection. Protect the rights contained in: The American Convention on Human Rights --Article 1 (Obligation to respect rights); -Article 2 (Obligation to Adopt Domestic Law); -Article 5 (right to humane treatment); -Article 7 (right to personal liberty); -Article 8 (fair trial), - Article 25 (judicial protection). Another addition (s) treated (s) Inter (s) -articles 6, 8 and 10 (Inter-American Convention to Prevent and Punish Torture). And Other (s) instrument (s) International (s) cited (s) Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties Development case-facts - The incident occurred on May 30, 1992, when they were killed at his home spouses Juana Patricia Martin del Campo Dodd and Gerardo Zamudio Aldaba. The couple lived in that home with her three daughters and Mr. Alfonso Martin del Campo, brother of Juana Patricia Martin del Campo Dodd. - The Public Ministry gave formal start of the preliminary investigation and was presumed that Mr. Alfonso Martín del Campo had killed Juana Patricia Martin del Campo Dodd and Gerardo Zamudio Aldaba. On May 30 he was arrested Mr. Alfonso Martin del Campo and detention order was issued against him as a suspect in the crime of homicide. In May 1993 Mr. Dodd criminally responsible for the crime of homicide committed against Mr. Juana Patricia Martin del Campo Dodd and Gerardo Zamudio Aldaba declared and imposed a deprivation of liberty than fifty years. In August 1993 the first instance verdict was confirmed. Mr. Dodd presented a petition for review, which was rejected, and other bodies to which he went prospering later without recourse. Proceedings before the Inter-American Commission on Human Rights -Date Of filing of the petition (12,228): 13 July 1998 -Dates Admissibility report (81/01): October 10, 2001 -Date Background report (63/02): October 22, 2002 -Report 117/09 November 12, 2009 Proceedings before the Inter-American Court of Human Rights -Date Of referring the case to the Inter-American Court: 30 January 2003. 'The Commission filed the application in this case in order that the Inter-American Court to decide whether the State violated the rights enshrined in Articles 5, 7, 8 25 of the American Convention and Article 1.1 of the same to the detriment of Alfonso Martin del Campo Dodd. He also asked the IACHR that the violation of Articles 6, 8 and 10 of the Inter-American Convention to Prevent and Punish Torture to the detriment of Mr. Dodd is declared.
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Vonalt, Imke Charlotte. "State responsibility towards third parties arising from activities of international organisations - a proposal for the continuous protection of human rights." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/4742.
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Jobert, Sylvain. "La connaissance des actes du procès civil par les parties." Thesis, Paris 2, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA020070.
Abstract:
En procédure civile, la connaissance des actes du procès par les parties est essentielle ; des garanties importantes y sont attachées, à commencer par le respect du principe du contradictoire. Une difficulté se pose, toutefois : il est malaisé de déterminer si une partie a eu connaissance de l’acte qui lui a été communiqué. Toute la question est alors de savoir comment le droit s’accommode de cette difficulté. À cette fin, deux modèles contraires peuvent être dégagés. Dans le premier, formaliste, il est fait le choix de favoriser la connaissance des actes du procès par les parties en amont, pour pouvoir se désintéresser de leur connaissance effective en aval, tous les moyens ayant été mis en oeuvre pour y parvenir. Dans le second, réaliste, on se désintéresse de la façon dont les actes du procès sont portés à la connaissance des parties, mais, par la suite, on prête beaucoup d’intérêt à la connaissance que les parties en ont réellement eue. L’étude révèle que le droit du procès civil reposait initialement sur un modèle à dominante formaliste, mais que ce modèle a évolué, particulièrement au cours des dix dernières années. Sous l’influence des soucis contemporains de rationalisation des coûts de la justice et de protection accrue des droits fondamentaux des parties, le formalisme du droit du procès civil s’est tempéré. Faudrait-il qu’il le soit davantage ? Ce travail ne plaide ni pour la subversion du modèle classique, ni pour son rétablissement. Plutôt, c’est une évolution nuancée du droit qui est suggérée, proposant d’exalter le formalisme lorsque la sécurité juridique l’exige, sans renoncer à tirer profit de règles l’atténuant quand cela s’imposeIn civil law procedures, the parties’ knowledge of the acts of the trial is essential; it guarantees that certain principles, such as the adversarial principle, will be respected. However, a difficulty arises: it is hard to determine whether a party has in fact become aware of the act which was communicated to him. The question is to determine whether the law can accept such a difficulty. To this end, two divergent models can be provided. In the formalistic one, the choice is made to favor the knowledge of the acts of the trial beforehand, in order to be able to become disinterested in their actual knowledge afterwards, all the means having been implemented to carry this out. In the realistic one, the way in which the acts of the trial are brought to the parties' attention is neglected, but thereafter, there is a resurgent focus on the knowledge the parties have genuinely had. The study reveals that the law of civil trial was initially based on a predominantly formalistic model, but this model has evolved, especially during the last decade. Under the influence of contemporary concerns in order to rationalize justice costs and increase the protection of the parties' fundamental rights, the formalism of civil lawsuit has been tempered. Should it be even more moderate? This work neither pleads for the subversion of the classical model nor for its reinstatement. Instead, it is a nuanced evolution of the law which is suggested. It suggests to promote formalism when legal certainty requires it, without sacrificing the benefit of lightening the rules when it is necessary
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Torres, María del Rosario Ponce de León. "Human rights implementability methodology to help states parties bound by the ICESCR and other UN instruments to comply with their human rights obligations : the human right to drinking water and the situation in Mexico." Thesis, Lancaster University, 2011. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.618727.
Abstract:
The living conditions of the poor people of the world have been deteriorating despite the agreements of the 1948 Universal Declaration of Human Rights. Humanity is facing growing poverty; famines; pandemic illnesses; environmental disasters; violence; torture; corruption of governments; and lack of democracy. to enunciate some of all the problems, despite the agreements of the 1966 International Covenants of Civil, Political, Economic, Social and Cultural Rights. The separation of human rights preserved in the UDHR in two human rights covenants, and the vagueness of their wording are identified as difficulties faced by States parties of human rights covenants and treaties to comply with their obligations of realising human rights. New ideas and ways to help them reach these objectives are needed. This thesis contributes with Human Rights Implementability methodology to help States Parties bound by the ICESCR and other UN instruments to comply with their human rights obligations by following the identified economic, political and social factors and difficulties blocking the realisation of human rights assessed in the concluding observations of the HR Covenants Committees and UN Treaty Bodies. Relevant human rights and non-human rights documents -covenants, declarations, resolutions, guidelines, reports and recommendations- adopted by the United Nations, international organisations, international events and NGOs are critically read under the principles of: International Law, International Human Rights Law, Rights-Based Approach to Development, and Critical Theory. Their wording will be scrutinised in the light of the realisation of human rights. Particularly, humanity is suffering growing water scarcity and the human right to drinking water has hardly agreed by an UN General Assembly Resolution in 2010. The translation of recommendations into feasible actions will help Mexican Government further the particular realisation of the human right to drinking water.
Books on the topic "The garantees of parties rights":
1
Meléndez, Leonardo Pereira. Principios, garantías y derechos humanos en el proceso penal. Caracas, Venezuela: Vadell Hermanos Editores, 2012.
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Commission, Great Britain Law. Third parties: Rights against insurers. London: Stationery Office, 2001.
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Scotia, Law Reform Commission of Nova. Privity of contract: Third party rights. Halifax: The Commission, 2004.
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Law Reform Commission of Nova Scotia. Privity of contract: Third party rights. Halifax: The Commission, 2004.
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Wolf, Willem-Jan van der. The rights of parties and international criminal law. The Hague: International Courts Association, 2011.
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Florida Bar. Continuing Legal Education. Residential landlord/tenant disputes: Parties' rights, obligations, and remedies. 4th ed. Tallahassee, Fla: Florida Bar, 2006.
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Lords, Great Britain Parliament House of. Contracts(rights of third parties)bill[H.L.]: Commons amendments. London: Stationery Office, 1999.
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Florida Bar. Continuing Legal Education., ed. Residential landlord/tenant disputes: Parties' rights, obligations, and remedies. 5th ed. Tallahassee, Fla: Florida Bar, 2008.
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Florida Bar. Continuing Legal Education., ed. Residential landlord/tenant disputes: Parties' rights, obligations, and remedies. 3rd ed. Tallahassee, Fla: Florida Bar, 2003.
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Britain, Great. Contracts (Rights of Third Parties) Act 1999: Explanatory notes. London: Stationery Office, 1999.
Book chapters on the topic "The garantees of parties rights":
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Kirchner, Stefan, Timo Koivurova, and Krittika Singh. "Svalbard Treaty: Parties, Key Norms and Controversies." In Global Encyclopedia of Territorial Rights, 1–9. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-68846-6_16-1.
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Zwingel, Susanne. "Auditing the Contract Partners: States Parties’ Connectivity with CEDAW." In Translating International Women's Rights, 161–88. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/978-1-137-31501-4_7.
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Roy, Dayabati. "Political parties, employment generation policies and governance." In Employment, Poverty and Rights in India, 47–79. Abingdon, Oxon ; NewYork, NY : Routledge, 2019. | Series: Routledge contemporary South Asia series ; 125: Routledge, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781351065429-3.
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Abegg, Andreas. "Public-Private Contractual Networks and Third Parties’ Rights." In Sociological Jurisprudence. Commemorative Publication in Honor of Gunther Teubner’s 65th Birthday on 30 April 2009, 201–14. Berlin, New York: de Gruyter Recht, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/9783899496352.2.201.
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Gooch, Donald M. "From Consensus to Conflict: Political Polarization, the Culture War, and Gay Rights." In American Political Parties Under Pressure, 77–120. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-60879-2_4.
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Ruggiero, Roberta. "Article 4: States Parties’ Obligations." In Monitoring State Compliance with the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child, 413–24. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-84647-3_41.
Abstract:
AbstractArticle 4 deals with the nature of the States Parties’ obligations and it therefore relates ‘to all the substantive articles of the Convention’ (Rishmawi, 2006, pp. 22, 57). Together with Articles 42 and 44(6), it comprises the heading ‘General Measures of Implementation’ in the States Parties’ periodic reports (Hodgkin et al., 2007, p. 47; Rishmawi, 2006, p. 22; UN Committee on the Rights of the Child, 1991, paras. 9–11, 1996, paras. 11–24, 2002a, p. 58, 2015, paras. 18–21).
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Pavone, Ilja Richard. "Article 40 [Conference of States Parties]." In The United Nations Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities, 667–70. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-43790-3_42.
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Bernier, Ivan. "Article 6: Rights of Parties at the National Level." In The UNESCO Convention on the Protection and Promotion of the Diversity of Cultural Expressions, 179–98. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-25995-1_8.
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"The Contracting Parties." In Human Rights Imperialists. Hart Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.5040/9781509914760.ch-005.
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"Rights for Third Parties." In MacRoberts on Scottish Construction Contracts, 300–313. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118273449.ch13.
Conference papers on the topic "The garantees of parties rights":
1
Agustina, Arintya, R. Suharto, and Yuli Adhi. "Protection of Third Parties as the Owner of Mortgage Rights Object." In Proceedings of the International Conference on Sustainability in Technological, Environmental, Law, Management, Social and Economic Matters, ICOSTELM 2022, 4-5 November 2022, Bandar Lampung, Indonesia. EAI, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.4108/eai.4-11-2022.2329668.
2
Vrhovšek, Vladimir, and Sandra Đorđević. "UGOVOR U KORIST TREĆEG LICA – ODSTUPANjE OD NAČELA „INTER PARTES“." In XIX majsko savetovanje. University of Kragujevac, Faculty of Law, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.46793/xixmajsko.1141v.
Abstract:
The contract represents an instrument of legal transactions through which the contracting parties regulate their rights and obligations within the limits of compulsory regulations, public order, and good customs. The Law on Contracts and Torts proclaims the principle of disposition and autonomy of will, as a result of which the contracting parties can create rights and obligations for themselves and the other contracting party with their free declarations of will, regulate their mutual relations in a different way from legal solutions, as long as they do not exceed the set limits, under the threat of nullity of the contract. In addition to the above, the contract can extend its effect besides the contracting parties, and it can be used to contract rights in favor of third parties, whose will did not participate in the creation of the contract itself. In this paper, the authors will show the impact of a contract in favor of a third party, as an exception to the inter partes principle, on the example of a contract concluded between RF PIO and JP "Pošta Srbije" and look at the legal validity of such a contract, through court practice.
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Vygodianskii, Aleksei Valerevich. "Basic Rights of Parties of Contract for the Carriage of a Passenger by Air." In All-Russian scientific and practical conference. Publishing house Sreda, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.31483/r-98455.
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Černěnko, Tomáš, and Dana Kuběnková. "A Rose by Another Name Would Smell the Same: Hidden Potential of Antisystem Parties in Slovakia?" In XXV. mezinárodní kolokvium o regionálních vědách. Brno: Masaryk University Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5817/cz.muni.p280-0068-2022-55.
Abstract:
This article aims to identify voter attitudes, based on the results of the 2020 parliamentary elections, towards European integration, religious attitudes in politics, universal left-right integration, the rights of ethnic minorities, the position between cosmopolitan and national sentiments, and political decentralization in favour of regions at the district level of Slovakia, while considering factors that affect voter's selection. In the first step, we calculated the position of the district through the results of individual political parties (district level) in the elections to the National Council of the Slovak Republic in 2020 and data from the 2019 Chapel Hill expert survey. In the second step, we used these results as dependent variables for regression analysis, examining their dependence on the variables average wage, unemployment rate, ethnic composition, and time availability of the district's seat from the regional centre and Bratislava (capital). A retrospective analysis of voter attitudes at individual districts has shown that concerns about possible covert support for anti-system parties are warranted. “Negative” results, especially on religious principles in politics, ethnic minority rights, inclination to national values, and centralized power, show that if expectations from standard (or liberal democratic) parties are not met, there is a risk of voters diverting to radical parties.
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Pasaribu, Enni. "Legal Consequences for Parties That Conduct Defaults In Verbal Contracts." In Proceedings from the 1st International Conference on Law and Human Rights, ICLHR 2021, 14-15 April 2021, Jakarta, Indonesia. EAI, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4108/eai.14-4-2021.2312303.
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Čović, Ana, Oliver Nikolić, and Aleksandra Daria Petrović. "Obligacionopravno dejstvo ugovora o franšizi." In XVI Majsko savetovanje. University of Kragujevac, Faculty of Law, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.46793/upk20.117c.
Abstract:
The franchise agreement is derived from the franchise business agreed by the parties concerned, the franchisor and the franchisee. It belongs to unnamed contracts because the law does not recognize it as a statutory contract of obligation or business law and must rest on the principles of contract law, so there must be agreement of the will of the contracting parties without any deficiencies in compliance with legal regulations. A franchise agreement is a mixed contract in nature, because it also contains elements of other contracts. International and national regulations in this area influence the strengthening of intellectual property rights and franchise activities, thus accelerating global innovation capacity, improving technical and technological development and regulating and improving the market. The subject of this paper is the legal relationship between the franchisor and the franchisee, the content of their mutual rights and obligations, and the origin and importance of the franchise agreement.
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Jović, Njegoslav. "PRAVNI ASPEKTI UGORORA O FRANŠIZINGU KOJI SE ODNOSE NA PROMET PRAVA INDUSTRIJSKE SVOJINE." In 14 Majsko savetovanje. University of Kragujevac, Faculty of Law, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.46793/xivmajsko.477j.
Abstract:
The subject of this paper is the legal aspects of franchising contracts that relate to the transfer of industrial property rights. The Franchise Agreement is an unnamed commercial contract in most countries of the world. The areas where franchising activities are most common are retail, tourism, hotels, recreation, business and personal services. However, the areas in which this business arises is not exhaustive. The transfer of property rights to industrial property rights falls within the autonomy of the contracting parties. Owners of industrial property rights usually traded industrial property rights through a license contract as a form of constitutive traffic and a cession contract as a form of translational traffic. However, there is no impediment to the exercise of these rights as a form of constitutive traffic and through other more complex contracts. One of these contracts is the franchising contract. This work does not include the economic aspects of franchising, but exclusively relates to legal aspects.
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Varbanova, Gergana. "LEGAL REGULATION AND CHARACTERISTICS OF ELECTRONIC SUMMONS UNDER APC." In 15 YEARS OF ADMINISTRATIVE JUSTICE IN BULGARIA - PROBLEMS AND PERSPECTIVES. University publishing house "Science and Economics", University of Economics - Varna, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.36997/ppdd2022.208.
Abstract:
Digital transformation in the administration of justice is a complex and long-term process. Notifying the parties and exercising procedural rights electronically is a key point in the administrative process. The present study examines the specifics of the electronic subpoena of lawyers in administrative proceedings that take place before the court. Notifying and summoning the subjects ensures that the parties in the proceedings are informed about the upcoming or already performed actions in the case. The use of technology and electronic communication are part of the process of digital transformation of the judicial system and introduction of electronic justice.
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Panjaitan, Billy, and Kholis Roisah. "Protection of Indigenous Legal Rights towards Traditional Knowledge Used by Foreign Parties According to International Law Perspective." In 1st International Conference on Science and Technology in Administration and Management Information, ICSTIAMI 2019, 17-18 July 2019, Jakarta, Indonesia. EAI, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4108/eai.17-7-2019.2303378.
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Çelik, Sabahat Binnur. "The Limits of State Intervention in Economy by Taxation in Turkey." In International Conference on Eurasian Economies. Eurasian Economists Association, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.36880/c06.01314.
Abstract:
People, mostly and directly affected from the state's decision about taxation. State, in order to realize public services, while using its taxation authority depending to its power of sovereignty, intervenes in the economy in different ways. While using taxation authority, state is subject to various limitations. The most important limitation about taxation is the necessity of obeying the laws.
The basic principles about taxation are indicated on the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and Constitutions. Nowadays, nearly in every country, advanced tax payer rights, public pressure and the ruling parties’ intent about remaining in power or the opposition parties' intent about coming in power also determines the limits of taxation.
Proceedings of the independent judicial bodies are very important about the limitation of taxation. Because independent judicial bodies can control the power of sovereignty of the state about taxation. In the judging process, they judge the tax rules and tax applications' harmony to the basic principles of taxation. If there are no fair limits about taxation in a country, this means that there is no democracy in that country.
Reports on the topic "The garantees of parties rights":
1
Aguilar Herrera, María Alejandra, and Alba Paula Granados Agüero. Inclusion of human, ethnic and gender rights in the Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs) of Colombia and Peru (in Spanish). Rights and Resources Initiative, March 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.53892/zltf9832.
Abstract:
In December 2015, the Paris Agreement was adopted at the 21st Conference of the Parties (COP21) of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC). Five years after the submission the NDC proposals and their initial implementation, signatory countries had to update and share the progress of their NDCs in 2020. This study carried out by Asociación Ambiente y Sociedad, ONAMIAP (National Organization of Andean and Amazonian Indigenous Women of Peru) and RRI analyzes the degree that human rights, women’s rights, and the rights of Indigenous Peoples and Afro-descendants are included in the NDCs of Colombia and Peru, as well as in the processes related to updating them.
2
Walsh, Alex, and Ben Hassine. Mediation and Peacebuilding in Tunisia: Actors and Practice. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), April 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/k4d.2021.061.
Abstract:
This Helpdesk Report is part mapping of the mediation and peacebuilding actors in Tunisia and part review of the available literature. There are a host of governmental and non-governmental organisations (NGOs) that are involved in the mediation of conflicts and peacebuilding, both in formal and informal ways. There is overlap in the principles and goals of peacebuilding and mediation; many organisations conduct both practices, intermingling them. Local, regional, national and international actors have applied mediation and peacebuilding to many different types of conflict in the past decade in Tunisia, involving varied parties. The case studies included in this rapid review cover conflicts relating to labour and the economy, the environment, basic services, constitutional/political disputes, and women’s rights. They involve local communities, the unemployed national and regional trade unions, civil society organisations (CSOs), national utility and mineral companies, and political parties.
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Michaelsen, Sofie F., Robert Montgomery, Hilary Hoagland-Grey, and Gregory F. Maggio. Managing labor issues in infrastructure projects. Inter-American Development Bank, October 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0009010.
Abstract:
In order to assist project companies in understanding and complying with labor requirements, the PRI ESU has developed the present guideline with three main objectives first, to educate and inform project companies, financiers and other relevant parties about the labor rights conditions that for private sector investment projects; second, to provide a reference manual for those staff who conduct due diligence and supervision or monitoring reviews of labor aspects in projects; and third, to help companies and their projects conform to and go beyond legal conditions.
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Corriveau-Bourque, Alexandre, Fernanda Almeida, and Alain Frechette. Uncertainty and Opportunity: The Status of Forest Carbon Rights and Governance Frameworks in Over Half of the World’s Tropical Forests. Rights and Resources Initiative, March 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.53892/fnpn5361.
Abstract:
Most of the world’s remaining tropical forests lie in areas that are customarily managed and/or legally owned by Indigenous Peoples and local communities. In the context of climate change and global efforts to protect and enhance the capacity of forests to capture and store greenhouse gas emissions, the question of who owns the trees and the carbon stored therein is paramount. Clarifying this question is crucial, both for the future of the planet, and for up to 1.7 billion people worldwide who rely on forests for their livelihoods. This brief presents a review of the nominal progress made in the national-level laws and regulations that govern the carbon trade and define the rights of parties —across a sample of 24 countries in Africa, Asia and Latin America. These countries collectively hold more than 50 percent of global tropical and subtropical forests. This brief also examines the design and establishment of safeguard mechanisms concerning benefit sharing, providing redress and resolution to disputes related to carbon-based schemes, and the operationalization of carbon registries for each of these countries.
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Muñoz, Ernesto, Iván Hernández, Francisco González, Nathalie Cely, and Iván Prieto. The Discovery of New Export Products in Ecuador. Inter-American Development Bank, June 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0010828.
Abstract:
This paper examines export diversification in Ecuador in the cases of fresh cut flowers, canned tuna, palm heart, broccoli and mangoes, using the theoretical framework on pioneers and discoveries developed by Hausmann and Rodrik (2003), as well as work by Sánchez and Butler (2006) on export costs and related uncertainties. It is found that the discoveries were mainly of traditional competitive advantage, with various degrees of technology adoption. The following policy implications are derived: i) innovative mechanisms to share the costs of new discoveries must be found and intellectual property rights strengthened; ii) cooperation among industry experts needs to improve; iii) deeper collective action to promote public-private partnerships should be undertaken; iv) relevant information and knowledge should be made available to all interested parties; and v) a national-level agenda should be undertaken to increase private investment in promising sectors while promoting the creation of public goods and minimizing rent-seeking behavior.
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Perrault, Anne, and Stephen Leonard. The Green Climate Fund: Accomplishing a Paradigm Shift? Rights and Resources Initiative, October 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.53892/mkmz2578.
Abstract:
The Green Climate Fund (GCF), established in 2010 at the 16th Conference of Parties (COP16) under the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC), is now the world’s largest climate financing institution. It has a current investment portfolio of 43 approved projects totaling around US$2 billion, and has 48 Accredited Entities (AEs) to support implementation, including UN agencies, banks, NGOs, and private companies. Through its investments, the GCF aims to achieve a paradigm shift in developing countries, toward low-emissions development and climate resilience. GCF investments must indicate whether and how they could impact Indigenous Peoples, local communities, and women who are most at risk from the adverse effects of climate change (e.g. via environmental and social management plans). These goals, however, are currently being challenged by inadequacies in the Fund’s policies and frameworks. GCF safeguards fail to recognize the critical contributions of rural peoples to the maintenance of ecosystem services that are essential to international climate and development objectives, and to offer adequate protection for their land and resource rights. Drawing on international standards and GCF policy documents, this report traces the adequacy and implementation effectiveness of the Fund’s current institutional frameworks across a representative sample of approved projects. Noting critical gaps in nearly every aspect of the Fund’s operational modalities and project approval processes, the report calls on the GCF to take progressive steps to make Indigenous Peoples’ and local communities’ rights a key part of its climate actions going forward.
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Lehtimaki, Susanna, Kassim Nishtar, Aisling Reidy, Sara Darehshori, Andrew Painter, and Nina Schwalbe. Independent Review and Investigation Mechanisms to Prevent Future Pandemics: A Proposed Way Forward. United Nations University International Institute for Global Health, May 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.37941/pb-f/2021/2.
Abstract:
Based on the proposal by the European Council, more than 25 heads of state and the World Health Organization (WHO) support development of an international treaty on pandemics, that planned to be negotiated under the auspices of WHO, will be presented to the World Health Assembly in May 2021. Given that the treaty alone is not enough to ensure compliance, triggers for a high-level political response is required. To this end, to inform the design of a support system, we explored institutional mechanismsi with a mandate to review compliance with key international agreements in their signatory countries and conduct independent country investigations in a manner that manages sovereign considerations. Based on our review, there is no single global mechanism that could serve as a model in its own right. There is, however, potential to combine aspects of existing mechanisms to support a strong, enforceable treaty. These aspects include: • Periodic review - based on the model of human rights treaties, with independent experts as the authorized monitoring body to ensure the independence. If made obligatory, the review could support compliance with the treaty. • On-site investigations - based on the model by the Committee on Prevention of Torture according to which visits cannot be blocked by state parties. • Non-negotiable design principles - including accountability; independence; transparency and data sharing; speed; emphasis on capabilities; and incentives. • Technical support - WHO can provide countries with technical assistance, tools, monitoring, and assessment to enhance emergency preparedness and response.
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Finkelshtain, Israel, and Tigran Melkonyan. The economics of contracts in the US and Israel agricultures. United States Department of Agriculture, February 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2008.7695590.bard.
Abstract:
Research Objectives 1) Reviewing the rich economic literature on contracting and agricultural contracting; 2) Conducting a descriptive comparative study of actual contracting patterns in the U.S. and Israeli agricultural sectors; 3) Theoretical analysis of division of assets ownership, authority allocation and incentives in agricultural production contracts; 4) Theoretical analysis of strategic noncompetitive choice of agricultural production and marketing contracts, 5) Empirical studies of contracting in agricultural sectors of US and Israel, among them the broiler industry, the citrus industry and sugar beet sector. Background Recent decades have witnessed a world-wide increase in the use of agricultural contracts. In both the U.S. and Israel, contracts have become an integral part of production and marketing of many crops, fruits, vegetables and livestock commodities. The increased use of agricultural contracts raises a number of important economic policy questions regarding the optimal design of contracts and their determinants. Even though economists have made a substantial progress in understanding these issues, the theory of contracts and an empirical methodology to analyze contracts are still evolving. Moreover, there is an enormous need for empirical research of contractual relationships. Conclusions In both U.S. and Israel, contracts have become an integral part of production and marketing of many agricultural commodities. In the U.S. more than 40% of the value of agricultural production occurred under either marketing or production contracts. The use of agricultural contracts in Israel is also ubiquitous and reaches close to 60% of the value of agricultural production. In Israel we have found strategic considerations to play a dominant role in the choice of agricultural contracts and may lead to noncompetitive conduct and reduced welfare. In particular, the driving force, leading to consignment based contracts is the strategic effect. Moreover, an increase in the number of contractors will lead to changes in the terms of the contract, an increased competition and payment to farmers and economic surplus. We found that while large integrations lead to more efficient production, they also exploit local monopsonistic power. For the U.S, we have studied in more detail the choice of contract type and factors that affect contracts such as the level of informational asymmetry, the authority structure, and the available quality measurement technology. We have found that assets ownership and decision rights are complements of high-powered incentives. We have also found that the optimal allocation of decision rights, asset ownership and incentives is influenced by: variance of systemic and idiosyncratic shocks, importance (variance) of the parties’ private information, parameters of the production technology, the extent of competition in the upstream and downstream industries. Implications The primary implication of this project is that the use of agricultural production and marketing contracts is growing in both the US and Israeli agricultural sectors, while many important economic policy questions are still open and require further theoretical and empirical research. Moreover, actual contracts that are prevailing in various agricultural sectors seems to be less than optimal and, hence, additional efforts are required to transfer the huge academic know-how in this area to the practitioners. We also found evidence for exploitation of market powers by contactors in various agricultural sectors. This may call for government regulations in the anti-trust area. Another important implication of this project is that in addition to explicit contracts economic outcomes resulting from the interactions between growers and agricultural intermediaries depend on a number of other factors including allocation of decision and ownership rights and implicit contracting. We have developed models to study the interactions between explicit contracts, decision rights, ownership structure, and implicit contracts. These models have been applied to study contractual arrangements in California agriculture and the North American sugarbeet industry.
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Kelly, Luke. Lessons Learned on Cultural Heritage Protection in Conflict and Protracted Crisis. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), April 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/k4d.2021.068.
Abstract:
This rapid review examines evidence on the lessons learned from initiatives aimed at embedding better understanding of cultural heritage protection within international monitoring, reporting and response efforts in conflict and protracted crisis. The report uses the terms cultural property and cultural heritage interchangeably. Since the signing of the Hague Treaty in 1954, there has bee a shift from 'cultural property' to 'cultural heritage'. Culture is seen less as 'property' and more in terms of 'ways of life'. However, in much of the literature and for the purposes of this review, cultural property and cultural heritage are used interchangeably. Tangible and intangible cultural heritage incorporates many things, from buildings of globally recognised aesthetic and historic value to places or practices important to a particular community or group. Heritage protection can be supported through a number of frameworks international humanitarian law, human rights law, and peacebuilding, in addition to being supported through networks of the cultural and heritage professions. The report briefly outlines some of the main international legal instruments and approaches involved in cultural heritage protection in section 2. Cultural heritage protection is carried out by national cultural heritage professionals, international bodies and non-governmental organisations (NGOs) as well as citizens. States and intergovernmental organisations may support cultural heritage protection, either bilaterally or by supporting international organisations. The armed forces may also include the protection of cultural heritage in some operations in line with their obligations under international law. In the third section, this report outlines broad lessons on the institutional capacity and politics underpinning cultural protection work (e.g. the strength of legal protections; institutional mandates; production and deployment of knowledge; networks of interested parties); the different approaches were taken; the efficacy of different approaches; and the interface between international and local approaches to heritage protection.
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Kelly, Luke. Evidence on Measures to Address Security in Camp Settings. Institute of Development Studies, March 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/k4d.2021.052.
Abstract:
This rapid literature review finds that authorities use a range of methods to reduce insecurity in camps. Security in camps can be addressed through better planning of services by camp management, by more involvement of refugees, and through the use of outside security support. However, the militarisation of camps is a broader problem that requires political support from a number of stakeholders. The review focuses on insecurity arising from conflict (militarisation) and from crime and disputes within and around camps. It starts from the position that camps for refugees or internally displaced persons (IDPs) should be ‘civilian and humanitarian in character’, and thus, they should not host active combatants or fighters or support conflict. The rights of camp residents - e.g. non-refoulment of refugees - should be respected. In the case of insecurity arising from crime and disputes within and around camps, security measures should be proportionate and consider refugee protection. This review surveys evaluations and academic papers on camp security management. There is a significant body of evidence on the problem of camp militarisation in settings including Zaire/DRC, Thailand, Lebanon and the former Yugoslavia. However, the review has found relatively little evidence on successful efforts to counter militarisation in cases of conflict. It has found case studies and evaluations of a number of programmes to improve lower-level camp security, or in cases where conflict has abated. There are several reviews of UNHCR ’security packages’ involving support to host state police in African countries. These lessons are focused on how to engage with refugee and host populations, as well as host states, and how to manage security services. Guidance on camp management is also surveyed. There is very little evidence discussing liaison arrangements beyond stating the need to provide protection training and oversight for security forces; and the need for principled engagement with states and non-state conflict parties.