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1
Blayda, I. A. "THE STRUCTURE AND PROPERTIES OF MICROBIOCENOSIS IN DUMPS OF THE FUEL AND ENERGY COMPLEX OF UKRAINE." Biotechnologia Acta 11, no. 5 (October 2018): 54–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/biotech11.05.054.
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Liashenko, Viacheslav, Nataliia Osadcha, and Volodymyr Shevchenko. "World Trends in the Development of the Nuclear Energy Complex and their Impact on the Nuclear Industry of Ukraine." Herald of the Economic Sciences of Ukraine, no. 2(39) (2020): 20–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.37405/1729-7206.2020.2(39).20-35.
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The article analyzes development trends of the nuclear-industrial complex. Among the main problems of development of nuclear-industrial complex determined inadequate legal framework, lack of investment. the required amount of enriched uranium in nuclear fuel purchased by Ukraine only in the Russian Federation. The necessity of development sequence the stages of the innovation-oriented development of nuclear-industrial complex of Ukraine on the basis of strategic determinants. Directly the nuclear-industrial complex, which is the leading element of the nuclear energy complex of Ukraine can be considered a complex sector of the national economy that includes production of uranium, which forms the basis to meet the needs of nuclear power plants in natural uranium in the medium and long term; Zirconia production, which includes the establishment of the production of zirconium, which is the main structural material for the fabrication of nuclear fuel, given its unique physical properties of the weak interaction with neutron flux in the reactorcore; manufacture of ion-exchange materials and to ensure the full production of uranium of Ukraine; production of fuel assemblies and components as a key link in the creation of our own nuclear-fuel cycle; research, design and information support of scientific research. In Ukraine there is no specialized institution that would deal with the coordination of the research questions regarding the development of nuclear-industrial complex. The significance and weight of the atomic-industrial complex of Ukraine in the creation of the gross domestic product is not significant, but its role is important in ensuring economic security and achieving energy independence of the country. The state of the atomic-industrial complex in other countries of the world has been investigated. For the development of nuclear-industrial complex, it is advisable to use an innovative approach. This approach is represented as a set of three interconnected units, namely: methodical-information unit; diagnostic-estimated; estimating procedure. The necessity of increasing the volume of uranium mining, the level of its enrichment and at the same time solving environmental issues of waste disposal has been substantiated.
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Osmak, A. A., and A. A. Seregin. "ALTERNATIVE FUELS – A PROMISING DIRECTION FOR THE ENERGY COMPLEX OF UKRAINE." Energy Technologies & Resource Saving, no. 1 (March 20, 2021): 53–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.33070/etars.1.2021.06.
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The perspectives of processing biomass to raise it to the country’s energy mix. The results of studies of fuel characteristics most commonly used renewable energy in Ukraine: wood waste and agricultural industries. In order to determine the flammability of the analysis of the chemical composition of the waste wood and sunflower husk. Presents estimates of effective thermal conductivity sunflower husks and wood waste (chips) depending on porosity, temperature and moisture content. The expediency of using plant biomass as a fuel in regions without centralized energy supply and available fossil fuel resources has been confirmed. This also applies to enterprises for the processing of wood and agricultural products (woodworking and pulp and paper mills, factories for the production of sunflower oil, etc.), where a large amount of waste from the processing of vegetable raw materials is generated. Bibl. 10, Fig. 1, Tab. 5.
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Deina, A. Yu. "Statistical Assessment of Energy Efficiency of Production and Consumption of Energy Resources in Ukraine." Statistics of Ukraine, no. 3(78) (September 20, 2017): 42–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.31767/su.3(78).2017.03.06.
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Energy independence of the country - one of the key links of the economy policy of many countries, including Ukraine, which full high-quality functioning of economy depends on. Full functioning of all economic institutes is possible only at reliable providing of fuel and energy resources. Economy life in general fades without skillful and rational use of energy resources. One of the main objectives of sustained economic growth and ensuring energy independence is connected with need of achievement of high, competitive level of efficiency of use of fuel and energy resources.
Complex assessment of efficiency of production and consumption of energy resources provides use of a set of the indicators characterizing versatility and complexity of energy efficiency category. The method of multidimensional average has been used for calculation of complex assessment of energy efficiency, at the same time the following indicators have been chosen: energy intensity of GDP, export and import of energy resources, production and consumption of energy resources, investments into the energy complex, oil prices, tariffs for natural gas and the electricity for the population, a share of natural gas in the structure of energy consumption and so on.
Complex assessment of efficiency of production and consumption of energy resources is executed on two blocks - for producers and for consumers (population). Extremely low level of energy efficiency for both producers and consumers (population) of energy services during 2010-2016 is observed. At the same time factors which influence the low level of integrated assessment of energy efficiency of production and consumption of energy resources are revealed. Achievements of the actual levels of integrated coefficients of energy efficiency substantially depended recently on introduction of extensive factors of development. Such situation has negative effect on achievement of energy independence of Ukraine.
The current state of efficiency of production and consumption of energy resources is characterized by existence of a wide range of problems. It is possible to distinguish the lack of the principles of resource-saving of producers and economical use at consumers of energy services/ It results to very high level of energy consumption, the high level of energy intensity, the need to import of fuel and energy resources from other countries because of insufficiency of own production, the low level of income of consumers and groundlessness of increase in tariffs for energy services that promotes increase in level of debt of the population for the provided services and an unprofitable financial condition of the enterprises of the energy complex.
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Cherevatskyi, Danylo Yuriovich. "Long-term factors and trends in the development of the fuel and energy complex of Ukraine." Economy of Industry 1, no. 97 (April 11, 2022): 5–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/econindustry2022.01.005.
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The objective of the paper is to define long-term trends and factors in the development of the world energy industry and their refraction to Ukrainian realities. The article consists of an introduction, three sections, namely: the main trends in the development of the global fuel and energy complex, analysis of the current state, long-term trends and factors in the development of the national fuel and energy complex of Ukraine. Conclusions end the paper. As for the world energy sector it is shown that its modern changes – Grand Transit – are due to the ideology of sustainable development and have the character of an extraordinary change in the technocenosis, the transition from the use of fossil fuels to energy from renewable sources, mainly – wind and photovoltaic nature. Along with the major tendencies of the Great Transition, there is also the trilemization and politicization of energy sector. Trilemization components are: Energy Security, Energy Equity and Environmental Sustainability. There are three scenarios for the development of the global energy – Unfinished Symphony, Modern Jazz and Hardrock, distinguished by the degree of greening and the availability of energy resources. Political motives are becoming more and more significant at all levels – from global to local. Major players are lobbying their interests, there is an activity of structures from the field of nuclear energy, powerful fuel companies, owners of gas transportation and gas distribution infrastructure. In Ukraine, transformation processes are taking place against the backdrop of low environmental acceptability and high depreciation of fuel and energy sector facilities and infrastructure, political and economic instability. The requirements of decarbonization create challenges to the very existence of coal energy, which is the main component of the energy generating fund of the country and the regions, where mines are located. Options for the development of hydrogen/ammonia energy in the form of vertically integrated energy-chemical systems with the nuclear power plants and reformed coal-fired thermal power plants are considered as promising; energy diversification of mining regions; the creation of virtual power plants based on hydrodynamic water heating installations.
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Rogoza, Mykola, Vasyl Perebyynis, Oleksandra Kuzmenko, and Inna Mykolenko. "Agri-food Complex Development Strategies in Context of Economic and Energy Security." Herald of the Economic Sciences of Ukraine, no. 1(40) (2021): 3–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.37405/1729-7206.2021.1(40).3-8.
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It has been established that the agro-food complex occupies a prominent place in the economy of Ukraine. Here, the number of employees (excluding resources, technological services and trade in food products) is 13.9% of the total. 80% of the country’s food needs are formed through its own production. In the commodity structure of national exports, agri-food products account for almost a quarter of the volume (24.3%). A rating list of fuels with the highest priority for individual components of the agri-food complex has been determined. For agriculture, forestry and fisheries, these are diesel fuel and gasoline (84.2% of total amount of fuel). For food production, it is gaseous fuel (natural gas, propane and liquefied butane), the share of which is 76.0%. It has been proved that economic and energy security should be considered as factors of external and internal environment of the agro-food complex. This determines the feasibility of two strategies for the formation of energy security: energy independence strategy and energy saving strategy. Given the overproduction of sugar beets and sugar in Ukraine and the unfavourable market situation on the world markets, it is appropriate to process their surplus into bioethanol and biogas. Since energy saving is a top priority for sugar companies, production of their own biogas will diversify energy sources and optimize energy consumption. Calculations of two versions of design indicators of a biogas plant at a sugar plant have been made (the first one concerns processing of 400 thousand tons of sugar beets annually, the second one has to do with 500 thousand tons). The project analysis has showed that the biogas plant can increase profits 5 times (per 1 ton of processed sugar beets) by producing biogas and converting it into electricity.
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Zhykaliak, Mykola, and Viacheslav Lukinov. "Coal energy systems of the future – innovative way of Ukraine’s energy development." E3S Web of Conferences 109 (2019): 00126. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/201910900126.
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The state of implementation of the main indicators of the energy strategy of Ukraine for the period until 2035 has been analyzed and innovative prospects for the sustainable development of the national fuel and energy complex for the long term have been substantiated, taking into account the structurally unified nationwide energy supply system and the interests of future generations and the environment.
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Bykova-Fedorchuk, Nataliya, Olena Goncharenko, Oleksandr Generalov, Olena Donchenko, and Kateryna Kravets. "Metallurgical complex of Ukraine: dynamics and development prospects." Problems and Perspectives in Management 16, no. 2 (June 15, 2018): 364–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.21511/ppm.16(2).2018.33.
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The conducted research reveals the role of the metallurgical complex of Ukraine in world production and export of steel. Its development indicates inertia and is in a pre-crisis condition. But, at the same time, there are prospects for the development of the enterprises of the metallurgical complex of Ukraine, which appears to be the purpose of the study along with an assessment of the dynamics of the development of the metallurgical complex of Ukraine regarding the internal and external factors of influence on it. Therefore, the object of the research is the current state of development of the metallurgical complex of Ukraine. For this purpose, the main methods of steel processing and fuel consumption for their melting are determined, which, thus, emphasizes the extraordinary energy intensity and cost structure of steel production in Ukraine due to 21.4% of processing in open-hearth furnaces. As a result, on the basis of the comparative analysis, the structure of production was characterized by the degree of steel processing, which indicated the inertia of the development of the industry on the principle of total exploitation of available resources. Through systematic structural analysis, the types of economic activity, the results of the enterprises, which were taken into account in the research of the development of the metallurgical complex of Ukraine and identified their implementation under the imperative incremental destructive factors of the internal and external environment, were identified. With the help of empirical research, in the institutional environment instability of normative legal provision, regulatory restrictions on FDI inflow and investment protectionism in metallurgy were revealed. The critical dependence of the industry on demand in foreign markets based on the export orientation of raw materials is established. For example, it has been determined that at the expense of products below the average technological capacity, almost a quarter of the export basket of Ukraine was formed. It was found that metallurgical production is a zone of interests of powerful industrial and banking private business groups of residents and non-residents. The absence of a state-owned joint-stock company or a holding company in Ukraine with a main type of activity in the investigated industries is emphasized.
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Maliarenko, O. Ye, N. Yu Maistrenko, and V. V. Horskyi. "Forecast of fuel and coal consumption in Ukraine until 2040 by a complex method of forecasting energy consumption." Problems of General Energy 2021, no. 3 (September 23, 2021): 28–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/pge2021.03.028.
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The article presents a projection of Ukraine economy development up to 2040 according to the baseline scenario, taking into account the changes that have occurred during 2017-2020. Using the projection, a preliminary estimate of the forecasted demand for electricity at the national level (TOP-DOWN method) for 2040 was developed, which taking into account a new national thermal power production structure including structure of coal-fired power plants according to the NPC “Ukrenergo” 2020 Adequacy Report. Based on these data, the forecast for fuel demand in the country including coal for 2040 is developed, which takes into account consolidated economic activities, changes in household sector, the potential of energy savings from structural changes and technological changes. Also, the forecast of fuel and coal use for transformation in industrial technological processes and in power plants are calculated. The study shows that fuel consumption in the country is significantly influenced by two factors: the structure of the economy and the structure of generating capacity for electricity and heat. Reducing the share of fossil fuels in electricity generation leads to almost constant consumption. The structural potential for energy savings is almost 50% of the total. Keywords: forecast, demand, fuel, coal, structure of economy, technological potential of energy saving, method
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Shergina, Lidiya, Alla Zhemba, Nataliia Revutska, and Yulia Burma. "PERSPECTIVES OF USING ALTERNATIVE ENERGY SOURCES IN UKRAINE IN THE CONTEXT OF INCREASING ENERGY EFFICIENCY IN EUROPE." Scientific Journal of Polonia University 27, no. 2 (April 6, 2018): 44–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.23856/2705.
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The article is devoted to the issues of the functioning and development of energy in each country, caused mainly by the economic expediency of renewable energy and the requirements of energy independence. Also, the article examines the importance of replacing traditional fuels with alternative energy sources. The international experience of the countries in the field of efficient use of available natural resources of the fuel and energy complex and enhancement of the potential of the energy sector have been analyzed. A number of common characteristics and directions of energy efficiency improvement for European countries are highlighted. Alternative types of energy and measures necessary for their implementation have been offered. The potential resources of renewable energy sources have been analyzed. The article is devoted to the use of economical and ecological type of fuel - biofuel for Ukraine. On the basis of the analysis of the situation on the energy market, renewable energy is examine, which plays a compensatory role in global energy consumption in the conditions of growing exhaustion of non-renewable sources.
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Kanevska, Iryna, and Serhii Umanets. "Problems and prospects of financing the renewable energy projects in Ukraine." University Economic Bulletin, no. 42 (June 19, 2019): 150–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.31470/2306-546x-2019-42-150-157.
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Here have been defined: general problems of the domestic renewable energy sector such as inefficient use of energy resources; constant increase of prices for fuel and energy resources; unavailability of stable energy supply; delayed construction and commissioning of «alternative» power plants; complex process of obtaining of the «green» tariff in the National Commission by the power facility; seasonal construction of solar plants (before the sunny period in the spring, or before the winter period in the autumn), which requires large land plots, etc. The article refers such problems in renewable energy financing as: limited financial resources; lack of effective mechanisms for tranforming people's savings into investment; high level of investment risks; imperfect tax system; undeveloped corporate securities market. It has been proved that the prospects of financing renewable energy projects to be increased presented the primary task. The latest researches and publications in the field of renewable energy financing have been analyzed. It has been determined that both general and partial problems of financing renewable energy projects in Ukraine as well as the prospects for their further development remain unresolved. The author has investigated the problems and perspectives of financing renewable energy projects in Ukraine, as well as development of practical recommendations for the development of domestic renewable energy. The used methods: economic-statistical and abstract-logic, system approach, comparative analysis. The main directions of Ukrainian energy supply through regional projects, strategies and tactics have been highlighted. Here have been identified the most significant economic factors influencing Ukraine's energy efficiency such as state tariff policy in the field of fuel and energy resources; state fiscal policy in the field of energy saving; the policy of fuel and energy supplying organization; financial incentives for energy efficiency improvement; investment opportunities. The types of basic technologies of renewable energy in Ukraine have been generalized. The energy consumption on the basis of renewable energy sources and the total amount of energy from renewable sources in Ukraine for three years have been analyzed. The author has proposed the model of the financial-economic mechanism of state regulation of the renewable energy development in Ukraine, which would provide the state with the energy autonomy and ecological.
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Panchuk, М. V., І. М. Semianyk, and I. O, Mandryk. "Solid Biofuel Production Perspectives in Ukraine." Oil and Gas Power Engineering, no. 2(32) (December 27, 2019): 70–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.31471/1993-9868-2019-2(32)-70-78.
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The reserves of fossil fuel resources in Ukraine are limited, that is why the usage of solid biofuel from renewable raw materials is one of the most important factors of state energy policy directed at the preservation of traditional fuel and energy resources and improvement of the environment condition. The analysis of biological resources is made in this paper, and it is determined that Ukraine has a sufficient potential which is available for energy production and constitutes around 29 million tons of equivalent fuel. Energy crops are an important resource therewith. A potential yield of solid biofuel from perennial energy crops can constitute approximately 35.8 million tons per year. It is shown that raw biomass has a number of disadvantages: low energy density, unstable granulometry, wide spread of moisture content, and low bulk density which are the main problems for its storage and transportation. In order to increase consumer performance properties of biomass, the granulation process is suggested to be used. The implementation of granulation process will allow to eliminate the shortcomings of biological raw material and to transform it into a high-efficiency fuel. One of the most important conditions of effective and profitable functioning of granulated biomass production is the availability and regular supply of raw materials. Therewith, for Ukraine's conditions it is worthwhile to use sets of high-power equipment for its operation both in the places with high concentration of raw materials and small mobile units which can work in stationary conditions and move to the places with sufficient amount of raw materials decreasing the costs of biomass transportation to minimum. At the same time, there is a need in developing new homeland elaborations, both complex process lines and individual equipment units for different capacities. The paper determines the main directions of using granulation products among which are: combustion in pellet boilers, common combustion with coal, and gasification of granulated biomass for obtaining motor oils. It is mentioned that the application of granulation technologies solves not only the energy problems but also a set of other problems: ecological, agricultural, forestry and social ones.
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Василенко, В. І. "ІНФОРМАЦІЙНЕ ЗАБЕЗПЕЧЕННЯ ВПРОВАДЖЕННЯ ЕНЕРГОЗБЕРІГАЮЧИХ ЗАХОДІВ В БЮДЖЕТНИХ УСТАНОВАХ МІСТА З ВИКОРИСТАННЯМ РАНГОВОГО АНАЛІЗУ." Bulletin of the Kyiv National University of Technologies and Design. Technical Science Series 130, no. 1 (June 5, 2019): 9–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.30857/1813-6796.2019.1.1.
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Development of a software complex for increasing energy efficiency of the city district due to implementation of optimal energy saving measures. The article considers the problem of increasing the efficiency of use of fuel and energy resources in Ukraine, rational use of energy in energy resources is justified, because the existing energy saving potential is quite large.
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Misiuk, Mykola, Tetiana Podorozhna, Olha Balynska, Oleg Kucher, and Oleksandr Burlakov. "Development of small hydroenergy in Ukraine and its legal regulation." E3S Web of Conferences 154 (2020): 06003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202015406003.
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The state and prospects of small hydropower development in the context of rationalization of the use of available natural resource potential of Ukraine were considered. It was established that due to insignificant specific weight in the general energy balance, small hydropower cannot significantly affect the structure of energy supply of the country. Attention was drawn to the fact that the adopted State Target Economic Program for Energy Efficiency and the Development of Energy Saving for Renewable Energy Sources and Alternative Fuels for 2010-2020 will promote the use of the potential of small rivers and the development of hydropower. It was noted that the conducted calculations for the future with the help of correlation analysis of installed capacities and production of electricity by small hydropower objects showed that in 2020, at the current rate of development of small hydropower, the planned indicators will not be achieved. The legal principles of functioning of the market of electric energy and formation of relations connected with the development of small hydropower, which are regulated by the Laws of Ukraine and other legislative acts in the field of fuel and energy complex were described.
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Shpilevskiy, V. V., D. M. Kostenko, and A. V. Shpilevskiy. "The Methodical Aspect of the Choice of Innovative Technologies for the Production of Alternative Types of Motor Fuel." Business Inform 10, no. 525 (2021): 176–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.32983/2222-4459-2021-10-176-187.
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The article is aimed at developing a methodological approach to a consistent and rational choice of promising for the development in Ukraine types of alternative motor fuel and innovative technologies for its production, substantiation of the system of technical and economic indicators of the complex for the production of synthetic motor fuel from the low-grade raw materials. One of the key problems of Ukraine’s energy provision today is its high dependence on the import of finished motor fuel, which can be reduced by the development in the country of alternative types of motor fuel based on the latest technologies. The article, based on the provisions of economic theory, discloses the essence of the developed methodological approach to the consistent choice of promising types of alternative motor fuel for their development in Ukraine and innovative technologies of its production. The developed methodological approach for rational choice of promising for the production in Ukraine and use of motor fuel types includes an evaluation of the following: compliance of consumer properties of certain types of motor fuel with the requirements of the existing motor fleet (target); efficiency of motor fuel production technologies (capabilities); sufficiency of resource provision for the production of motor fuel (restrictions). The methodical approach is brought to the level of the methodology, the use of which allows to identify promising types of alternative motor fuel for use in the country and innovative technologies of their production. Along with the developed methodical approach, the expediency of development in Ukraine of the synthetic motor fuel industry is proved on the basis of using the method of indirect coal liquefaction (according to the Fisher–Tropsch method). The result of the work is a system of technical and economic indicators of the complex for the production of synthetic motor fuel from the low-grade raw materials.
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Yushchenko, Nadiia. "Planning model for the development and construction of thermal power plants using alternative fuels with optimal investment distribution." E3S Web of Conferences 255 (2021): 01007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202125501007.
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The work is devoted to the analysis of the current state and prospects of modernization of the fuel and energy complex and investments in renewable energy in order to achieve the Sustainable Development Goals in Ukraine, adaptation of an economic and mathematical model adequate to this process, allowing for rational distribution of investments, which in Ukraine plans to attract to development of the energy system and renewable energy as part of the implementation of the strategy “Vectors of Economic Development 2030”, the collection of potential sources of funds for the development and construction of thermal power plants using alternative fuels on the basis of existing heat supply enterprises in Ukraine. In the article it is recommended to use the add-in “Search for a solution” MS Excel for performing calculations according to the proposed deterministic model of a partially integer linear programming problem with boolean variables. As a result of the implementation of the proposed approach, moderate protection of the main producers (network operators) – heat supply utilities will be provided and market conditions for independent producers will be created, the operator will be encouraged to increase the efficiency of its own production.
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KOLESNIK, Tatyana. "CURRENT TRENDS AND PROSPECTS ROR THE DEVELOPMENT OF RENEWABLE ENERGY IN TERMS OF COVID - 19." "EСONOMY. FINANСES. MANAGEMENT: Topical issues of science and practical activity", no. 4 (54) (December 19, 2020): 83–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.37128/2411-4413-2020-4-6.
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Crisis related to distribution of COVID-19 requires significant state involvement in the response, which includes the definition of strategies formation and direct intervention in to the socio-economic processes. Governments of countries are addressing the development of stimulus and recovery packages strategies what have a goal to form in the future necessary potential for society and economy on the whole. In given environment, stable assets are needed, including an inclusive energy system capable of supporting energy development in accordance with the United Nations Sustainable Development Program and the 2016 Paris Agreement, this requires further research of the prospects for innovative development of renewable energy sector in the crisis of COVID-19 in the transition from the use of fossil fuels to the use of renewable energy sources. Global forecasts from the International Renewable Energy Agency, the International Energy Agency, and the US Energy Information Administration have suggested ways to transform the global energy system. China's hybrid energy market is showing an increase in wind and solar energy production. Reduced costs in the United States have stimulated an increase in renewable energy capacity. In Ukraine, the important role of alternative energy can be identified in the stabilization of Ukraine's agro-industrial complex. In the article reviews current trends and conditions in the development of the energy sector in the transition from the use of fossil fuels to the use of renewable sources in China, United States and Ukraine in terms of forecasting generation and justification of investment directions. A number of technical challenges and problematic aspects of management in the renewable energy sector in Ukraine are highlighted. Long-term goals are proposed for all stakeholders of the energy system in the transition from the use of traditional fuel to the use of biopropellant. The conceptual principles and prospects of scientific research in the formation of the National Renewable Energy Development Plan until 2030 are also outlined.
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Glamazdin, V. P., O. V. Melnyk, and V. M. Tonkogolosiuk. "Oil & gas sector development, as a component of energy of Ukraine." Science, technologies, innovation, no. 1(13) (2020): 32–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.35668/2520-6524-2020-1-05.
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The article analyzes the current state and perspective directions of development of the energy sector of Ukraine in general and the oil and gas complex in particular, which should meet the Plan of measures for the implementation of the stage “Reform of the energy sector (until 2020)” of the Energy Strategy of Ukraine for the period until 2035 “Security, energy efficiency, competitive”. According to the study, at the time the report was released, 80% of the points foreseen by the Plan were not fulfilled. Some legislative initiatives and changes in the regulation of markets of fuel and energy resources are considered. The article analyzes the dynamics of changes in energy consumption. The main trends in the development of the gas and oil products markets are identified. It is found that, despite progress on diversification of supply sources, the country is heavily dependent on imports of energy from The Russian Federation. Separate consideration is given to the transit of natural gas from the Russian Federation to the EU. It is noted that the signed contract is quite compromise and provides a transit pipeline load of less than 40%. The main reasons for the change in the structure of the use of fuel and energy resources, in particular, the practical termination of the use of fuel oil as a boiler-furnace fuel, are also highlighted. The data of the State Statistics Service of Ukraine on the dynamics of prices for natural gas for all categories of consumers, including tariffs for transportation, distribution and trade margin (for household consumers), were also processed. A steady increase in natural gas prices for household consumers was noted during almost the entire analyzed period. Naftogaz Ukraine’s unbinding process was investigated. It is revealed that all necessary steps have been taken to create an independent gas transmission system operator, which took place on January 1, 2020. The implementation of the Energy Community Directives and Regulations in the energy sector has been analyzed, with overall sales less than 50%. The main results of the Stockholm Arbitration between Naftogaz of Ukraine and Gazprom are considered.
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Honcharuk, Inna. "Use of Wastes of the Livestock Industry as a Possibility for Increasing the Efficiency of AIC and Replenishing the Energy Balance." Visegrad Journal on Bioeconomy and Sustainable Development 9, no. 1 (May 1, 2020): 9–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/vjbsd-2020-0002.
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AbstractThere are several reasons for the economic and social necessity in forming and developing the biofuels market of Ukraine, starting with energy security considerations, diversification of national production, support of innovations and ending with economic and social efficiency of biofuels market development on the basis of high motivation for the agrarian sector growth, positive social bias towards rural population growth and environmental security through renewable energy. The immediate prospect of energy autonomy for agro-industrial production should be based on efficient production and use of biomass. At present, biomass is the fourth largest fuel in the world, producing about 2 billion tonnes of conventional fuels per year, which is about 14% of the world’s total primary energy consumption. In some countries, this figure is even higher, but in Ukraine it still does not exceed 3%. This will help Ukraine reduce its dependence on energy imports, halt its transformation into a raw material appendage, and enable processing of such a large-scale resource while obtaining hundreds of thousands of jobs, income for the citizens and for the state budget. At this stage of state development, biofuel production is one of the determining catalysts for new global trends in Ukraine’s agro-industrial complex that will contribute to its sustainable development.
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KALETNIK, Hrygoriy, Oleksandr KLYMCHUK, and Victor MAZUR. "PROSPECTS AND EFFICIENCY OF BIODIESEL PRODUCTION IN UKRAINE FROM OILSEED CROPS." "EСONOMY. FINANСES. MANAGEMENT: Topical issues of science and practical activity", no. 5 (45) (May 2019): 7–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.37128/2411-4413-2019-5-1.
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On the basis of the analysis of energy expenditure in agriculture in Ukraine and other countries of the world, it is established that the share of expenses of fuel and energy resources in the structure of production costs of Ukrainian agricultural production is twice that of the American producers. High energy intensity of production shows that there is a significant potential for increasing energy efficiency and competitiveness of Ukrainian products. The agro-industrial complex is characterized by a significant potential of the raw material base, which is necessary for bioenergy production. The development of the bioenergy sector in the country should be consistently and scientifically justified, taking into account the possible impact on the environment and the national economy. The main dangers of unskilled use of fuels from biomass are the massive destruction of forests, the development of erosion processes and depletion of soils, the unjustified replacement of food crops with energy. Therefore, an analysis of the possibilities for increasing the volumes of biomass energy crops for further integrated processing and production of biofuels, in particular biodiesel, should be made taking into account the real situation with existing food needs and available sources of fossil fuel resources. The accelerated pace of development of technically available renewable energy resources will allow Ukraine's energy sector to develop in line with the European Union's long-term economic and energy policy. The rational use of resources is an important condition for increasing the production of goods, as well as substantiation of opportunities for fuller use of existing production potential of agrarian enterprises in conditions of market relations. One of the most effective, especially for the agro-industrial sector, is the biodiesel (containing 90% of diesel fuel) among the liquid varieties of biological fuels. Biodiesel is widely used in many countries of the European Union and the world. Its production for use in its pure form requires considerable additional investment, so in most countries mixing oil fuel with rapeseed oil is introduced or used as an additive in the range of 5-30% of diesel fuel. The rapid growth of capacities in the production and consumption of biodiesel shows that the world market has a progressive dynamics and significant prospects in the future. It should be noted that in Ukraine the process of industrial production of biodiesel is still not fully developed, but small agricultural enterprises and farms are already producing it for their own needs (production is about 20 thousand tons annually). Production of this type of biofuel will be justified only if rhythmically renewable stocks of cheap raw materials are used and harm to the environment will be minimized. The obtained research results prove the necessity to improve the formation of the price mechanism for biofuel oilseeds in the direction of a strategic transition to a pricing system that would be able to timely influence the regulation of the market and level the fluctuations of prices during each marketing year. Based on the calculations, it has been established that the current biodiesel production process in Ukraine will be economically advantageous from rape and sunflower seeds and economically unprofitable from soybean seeds, under the current price policy for oilseeds (rapeseed, sunflower, soybean) and petroleum diesel. Analytical calculations indicate that the production of a finished bioenergy product for consumption is characterized by greater economic benefits than the mass exportation of raw materials. Own production of biodiesel results in a reduction in energy prices, obtaining high-quality feeds for the development of the livestock sector and the leveling of the price disparity in agricultural, industrial and energy products existing in our country. The intensive and dynamic development of bioenergy requires complex optimization of this process taking into account the needs of both the fuel and food sector of the economy, as well as state regulation of exports of biofuel raw materials. Despite the high levels of economic efficiency of rape and sunflower oil processing for biodiesel and a number of positive aspects of the growth of the economic development of the territories from biodiesel consumption in the agrarian sector of the economy highlighted, mineral diesel fuel continue to be used in the vast majority of Ukraine. The current level of productivity of biomass of agricultural crops in Ukraine is still far from optimal indicators of technological aspects of its cultivation, efficiency of use and market compatibility. The main reason lies in the rather low level and dynamic volatility of the crop yield of the main and by-products, which is, consequently, the result of insufficient supply of technology for growing and reducing the level of production intensity. A rational system of organization and management of agricultural production involves the effective use of land, which will provide expanded, competitive and continuous production in the conditions of development of market relations. The presence of various forms of ownership in the agrarian sector of the economy requires the organization of a production process for obtaining maximum levels of productivity of biomass of agricultural crops at optimal labor costs in order to form a raw material base. As a result, agricultural enterprises receive an incentive to expand production, rationalize the production process, introduce the latest advances in science and best practices, and develop biofuels production. Thus, in the context of the study, it was found that the systematic use of oilseeds biomass (rape and sunflower) as a renewable energy resource in Ukraine is characterized by the lowest capital expenditure and the most economic benefit. Available in the country's agro-industrial complex, the powerful potential of the scientific, technical and industrial base for the cultivation of biomass oilseeds provides the biofuels industry with high economic efficiency in the use of rapeseed and sunflower seeds, which gives grounds to distinguish it into a separate competitive energy sector. Biomass of oilseeds allows you to solve energy problems of the agroindustrial complex of the regions and districts of the country independently at the local level. In the future, it will be necessary to carry out a scientific substantiation of the use of arable land for the cultivation of oilseeds in order to increase the production of food resources and make the development of biodiesel production at an industrial level. The perspective direction in the production of biodiesel is the use of special types of algae as lipid raw materials. A new technology for the production of biofuels from algae (third generation biofuels) will help solve the problem of lack of raw materials and minimize global food security issues.
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Nina, MEREZHKO, ZOLOTAROVA Oksana, and KALUGA Nina. "CUSTOMS CLEARANCE OF ENERGY SOURCES IMPORTS." Foreign trade: economics, finance, law 119, no. 6 (December 22, 2021): 41–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.31617/zt.knute.2021(119)04.
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Background. The high share of imported energy resources in the structure of the fuel and energy complex reduces the level of energy security. Ukraine is 85% dependent on imports of petroleum products. In such conditions, it is important to ensure the effective functioning of the Energy Customs of the State Customs Service, which carries out customs control and clearance throughout the customs territory of Ukraine. The analysis of recent research and publications has shown that systematic studies of features of customs control and registration of energy sources are absent. However, scientists have studied the peculiarities of energy moving across the customs border in Ukraine and the EU, the problematic issues of customs formalities for goods moving across the customs border of Ukraine by pipeline. The aim of the article is to study and systematize information on customs clearance of energy sources in Ukraine, identify problematic issues and develop proposals to improve the efficiency of the Energy Customs of the State Customs Service. Materials and methods. The information base contains scientific publications of domestic scientists, normative-legal and legislative base of Ukraine. Methods of analysis and synthesis, scientific generalization and comparison of data from scientific sources are used. Results. The main tasks of the Energy Customs of the State Customs Service in ensuring the implementation of policy in the field of customs are analyzed. The analysis of dynamics of export-import operations with oil products on the market of Ukraine for 2011–2020 is carried out. Proposals have been developed to speed up and simplify customs control of oil products and increase the efficiency of the Energy Customs of the State Customs Service. Conclusion. To increase the efficiency of the Energy Customs, it is necessary to intensify work in the areas of: use of technical means of customs control, installation of weighing systems, introduction of express laboratories to strengthen control and reduce customs clearance time, purchase and use resources of leading price agencies to control customs value of oil products, use of oil products labeling for identification purposes.
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Matsenko, Oleksandr, and Olga Gramma. "Justification of integrated environmental and economic assessment of the impact actions in the field of oil and gas extraction." Environmental Economics 8, no. 4 (December 5, 2017): 25–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.21511/ee.08(4).2017.03.
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The aim of the welfare state, in accordance with the Constitution of Ukraine is to ensure conditions for the growth of welfare of citizens. One of the major components in the well-being of civilized societies is to ensure that citizens and businesses the necessary energy. Energy development is the basis for enhancing the social and economic living standards of the population and competitiveness. The key to this goal should be a reliable, economically viable and environmentally sound needs of the population and the economy of energy products. It is important to identify the critical factors is a threat to the energy security of the national economy. The state of the energy sector of Ukraine is negatively affected by continued dependence on imports of Russian natural gas, petroleum products and fuel for power plants. Today such dependence on primary energy, including coal, has become a leverage to Ukraine on the part of the neighboring state. The loss of the fuel and energy complex, and areas for future development of hydrocarbon resources as a result of the annexation of the Crimea and the military operations in the east of the country, as well as the destruction of the oil and gas infrastructure in the Donetsk and Luhansk regions, yielded additional new factors which significantly weakened the energy security of the country. Given the instability of strategic task for Ukraine, it is vital to achieve the highest possible level to ensure the economy’s own oil and gas resources, which, to a certain extent, will contribute to energy independence and savings of foreign exchange reserves of the country, as well as infrastructure development in the industry, tax revenues, creation of additional jobs.
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Geletukha, G. G., T. A. Zheliezna, S. V. Drahniev, and A. I. Bashtovyi. "POTENTIAL AND PROSPECTS FOR USING AGRIBIOMASS FOR ENERGY IN UKRAINE." Thermophysics and Thermal Power Engineering 42, no. 1 (April 12, 2020): 42–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.31472/ttpe.1.2020.5.
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Purpose of the work is to identify promising directions for using agribiomass for energy in Ukraine. Current state and prospects for the development of this segment of bioenergy are considered. Analysis of the strategic goals for bioenergy development set by the National Renewable Energy Action Plan until 2020 and Energy Strategy of Ukraine until 2035 shows that only wide involvement of agribiomass in the country's fuel and energy complex can ensure attainment of these goals. Ukraine has considerable potential of agricultural biomass. According to data of 2018, it is 10.1 Mtoe, which is 44% of the total bioenergy potential. The main constituents of agribiomass potential are cereal straw and by-products of grain corn production. Today, of the various types of agribiomass, sunflower husk is most actively used for energy: more than 63% of its potential. Utilization of the potential of other types of agricultural residues is between 0 and 3%. For Ukraine, the most promising direction is priority use of corn stover for energy. Feasibility study of corn stalks harvesting as well as production of briquettes and pellets from them was performed. Main factors affecting the cost-effectiveness of projects on solid biofuel production are cost of raw materials, manufacturing line productivity and sale price of the finished product. Results of the feasibility study show that corn briquettes and pellets can be competitive in the biofuel market of Ukraine, and their production can be a profitable business project.
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Burlaka, Serhii, and Oleksii Tokarchuk. "REMOVAL OF TECHNICAL AND ECONOMIC INDICATORS OF THE D-240 ENGINE WHEN USING BIOFUELS BY APPLYING THE DIESEL-RK SOFTWARE COMPLEX." ENGINEERING, ENERGY, TRANSPORT AIC, no. 4(115) (December 24, 2021): 24–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.37128/2520-6168-2021-4-3.
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Ukraine is one of the energy-deficient countries because it covers its needs in fuel and energy resources from domestic reserves by only 53% (imports 75% of the required natural gas and 85% of crude oil and petroleum products). Dependence on oil imports is seen by most developed countries as a matter of national and energy security, and the use of petroleum products as energy sources poses a significant environmental risk. According to the analysis of the state of the world engine industry, the most effective measures to improve the design of the engine are: development and implementation of a new workflow with effective methods of mixing and combustion; development and creation of the design of the system of automatic regulation of diesel rotation. frequency to improve fuel economy And to reduce toxicity in partial load mode, some cylinders are switched off at idle. To strengthen the requirements for fuel consumption standards and the level of toxicity of exhaust gases, as well as to increase the reliability and efficiency of agricultural power engines, it is necessary to formulate measures to improve its design. The choice of a fuel should be determined by the optimal combination of environmental and economic performance of the engine. Prospects for the use of a particular fuel of plant origin are noted. If for fuels of petroleum origin the improvement of its properties is determined by special processing, then oils with the set characteristics can be received already in "field" by selection of the corresponding grades of plants, use of fertilizers, agronomic actions, etc. The problem of reducing the consumption of diesel fuel at idle and low load can be solved by excluding from its operation part of the cylinders (this method is widely used) and closing the cycle of one cylinder. A comparative analysis of the main technical and environmental performance of the D-240 diesel engine when working on traditional and alternative fuels using the computer program Diesel-RK.
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Chaika, A. L., A. G. Chernyatevich, A. A. Sokhatskii, A. A. Moskalina, T. S. Golub, and L. S. Molchanov. "Exergy analysis of silicon content in hot metal and its temperature influence on energy efficiency of “BF shop – BOF shop” complex operation." Ferrous Metallurgy. Bulletin of Scientific , Technical and Economic Information 75, no. 2 (March 10, 2019): 189–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.32339/0135-5910-2019-2-189-197.
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Application of pulverized-coal fuel in BF production results in changes of blast furnace heat operation, in particular, in hot metal temperature and silicon content in it changes, that effects the energy efficiency of “BF shop – BOF shop” complex operation. Isolated consideration of energy utilization by facilities (blast furnace, basic oxygen furnace) without taking into account their energy-technological ties does not provide steel smelting rational solutions obtaining. An exergy analysis of silicon content in hot metal and its temperature influence on energy efficiency of “BF shop – BOF shop” complex operation accomplished by application of the elaborated method of calculation of complete energy balance of “BF shop – BOF shop” system under existing conditions of pulverized-coal fuel application in Ukraine. It was shown, that silicon content decreasing down to level, which does not allow malfunctions of BF heat operation is strategically important for improving of energy efficiency of “BF shop – BOF shop” complex operation under conditions of pulverized-coal fuel application in BF production. It was determined, that under conditions of pulverized-coal fuel application in “BF shop – BOF shop” system, silicon content in hot metal decrease by 0.1% results in decreasing of exergy losses by 18–180 MJ/ton of steel, which is equivalent to standard fuel consumption decrease by 0.5–6.0 kg/ton of steel, increase of hot metal production by ~0.3–1.2 %. Hot metal temperature in blast furnace increase by 50 °С results in exergy losses decrease by 26–29 MJ/ton of steel, which is equivalent to standard fuel decrease by 0.9–1.0 kg/ton of steel.
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Trifonov, Ivan, Petrо Sankov, Kostiantyn Dikariev, and Olha Kapshuk. "Selection of design alternatives in the formation of energy-saving programs at the enterprises of the mining and metallurgical complex of Ukraine." E3S Web of Conferences 123 (2019): 01027. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/201912301027.
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In the article, a method is proposed for making management decisions in the conditions of uncertainty when choosing project alternatives under the energy saving program at an enterprise of the mining and metallurgical complex (MMC) of Ukraine. The purpose of the article is to develop project practice for improving the feasibility of management decisions in the implementation of energy saving programs of the MMC of Ukraine, using the value criteria from the point of view of parties concerned at a ratio of the expected project results and resource constraints. At the same time, there is a need to measure the extent to which a particular project contributes to achieving a program goal. Therefore, the list of value criteria of the project results in the work was turned into an absolute measurement scale; this allowed evaluating each alternative project at the stage of developing a program to minimize the consumption of fuel and energy resources necessary for the production of products (services) of preset quality, with account of the degree of concerned parties’ satisfaction, limitedness of organization resources and risk factors. In the process of research, the following research methods were applied: survey, system analysis, and set theory. Based on the results obtained, it has been revealed that most of the problems in implementing the energy saving strategy are related to payback issues and a decrease in the loss of fuel and energy resources per 1 UAH of finished products. The overall assessment when ranking the goals of the energy saving program ranges from 1.2 to 2.6, which, in turn, is a prerequisite for the use of value-based management in the program formation.
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Boiko, Volodymyr, and Iryna Miskevych. "PROSPECTS OF NUCLEAR ENERGY SECTOR OF UKRAINE IN CONDITIONS OF SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT." Environmental Economics and Sustainable Development, no. 9(28) (2021): 21–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.37100/2616-7689.2021.9(28).3.
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This article examines the current prospects for developing nuclear energy in Ukraine in terms of sustainable development. The strategic importance of nuclear energy for Ukraine is indicated. The advantages of nuclear energy in the context of electricity production's external costs over other energy generation technologies are noted. Today, nuclear energy is considered the most cost-effective low-carbon energy source. An analysis of reports from the Atomic Energy Agency and the US Department of Energy shows that nuclear power generation is a leader in many countries' energy sector, producing cheaper electricity than traditional TPPs. The main challenges for the energy system of Ukraine are highlighted. Among them are: wear and tear and impact on the environment of thermal generation (equipment at thermal power plants is worn out by 70–90 %); the unsatisfactory pace of modernization of the main generating capacities, mainly TPPs; the inconsistency of the flexibility of the United Energy System (UES) of Ukraine with the development of "green" energy (increasing the share of "green" energy increases the risks of UES sustainability) and the corresponding ill-consideredness in the pace and scale of renewable energy implementation. Lack of shunting power; the need to duplicate the capacity of renewable energy due to the low installed capacity factor (ICUF) and significant dependence on natural and climatic conditions; the need to replace existing nuclear power units, which end their extended service life with new, more modern ones that will meet the latest safety and economy standards; the imperfection of the electricity market, primarily in the context of its sale by nuclear generation producers under bilateral agreements; deficit of investments in the whole fuel and energy complex. The main prospects for the development of nuclear energy in Ukraine are identified. Completion of Units 3 and 4 of Khmelnytskyi NPP (KhNPP) remains a critical prospect. An obstacle to this for Ukraine is the lack of appropriate technologies on the Ukrainian side and the curtailment of cooperation with Russia and companies belonging to this state. Another obstacle is that the promising power units of KhNPP based on WWER-1000 belong to the second generation, which today do not morally meet the latest trends and requirements in efficiency and safety standards. Theoretically, Western leaders in the nuclear industry, Orano and Westinghouse, could develop nuclear power plants based on their next-generation "3" and "3+" reactors, where the essential safety requirements are already embedded in the original design of the unit. Another option would be to implement a small modular reactor technology project in Ukraine. Technologically, this will quickly resolve the issue of load management, which arose due to the rapid increase in the share of renewable energy generation in our country. This type of reactor has a significant advantage, which in addition to the minimum load on the environment is: the possibility of placement in areas where additional services are needed in the energy market; low construction costs; frequency of service and operating time; the full cycle of work with fuel. In general, low-power reactors can be used to implement the strategy of hybrid power generation (renewable + nuclear energy).
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Stadnik, Mykola, Andrii Shtuts, and Oleksandr Pylypenko. "LEVEL OF ENERGY SUPPLY OF ANIMAL FARMS FROM USING BIOGAS." ENGINEERING, ENERGY, TRANSPORT AIC, no. 1(112) (March 23, 2021): 100–112. http://dx.doi.org/10.37128/2520-6168-2021-1-12.
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Ukraine has untapped potential for the production of own energy from renewable sources - processing of livestock waste (animal manure and bird droppings) with the formation of biogas, which can then be used to produce electricity, heat or fuel - analogues of natural gas (methane) (in particular, for own needs of farms). Currently in Ukraine, the generation of large amounts of waste on industrial farms is an environmental problem that needs to be addressed. Recycling livestock waste to generate biogas will partially solve environmental problems, as well as benefit from decentralized renewable energy production or fuel production. The role of renewable energy sources in energy production is constantly growing and now the issue of increasing the share of renewable sources in the energy balance of each country is relevant. In the supply of primary energy, the share of renewable energy accounts for 13% worldwide. Of these, biomass accounts for 10%, or 258 million tons per year, ie in the world biomass provides the largest share of energy supply from renewable sources. Domestic agricultural enterprises are significant consumers of fuel and energy resources, so they face the objective need to use alternative energy sources, including biofuels and the introduction of innovative energy-saving technologies. Biogas production is an efficient and attractive investment technology, due to the presence of significant raw material potential, favorable climatic and other. However, the level of introduction of this type of energy in the agro-industrial complex is insufficient, which is due to a number of issues, including insufficient level of practical recommendations for choosing power generators, their number, modes of operation taking into account daily energy consumption schedule, load and optimal efficiency. installations while providing autonomous power supply of the enterprise. This paper determines the level of energy supply of livestock farms through the use of biogas plants as a source of energy used for livestock waste.
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Sobko, Olha, and Svitlana Smereka. "Peculiarities of regulatory and legal support in the field of energy saving in Ukraine." INNOVATIVE ECONOMY, no. 1-2 (2021): 34–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.37332/2309-1533.2021.1-2.5.
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Purpose. The aim of the article is to research the current legislation in the field of energy saving, which is based on the principles of complexity and priority, as well as the use of alternative energy sources in Ukraine. Methodology of research. In the course of the research an interdisciplinary approach is used, which allowed to substantiate topical issues of energy saving development in Ukraine, institutional approach: the legal framework of the study is the current legislation of Ukraine in the field of energy saving; abstract and logical –for generalizations and formation of conclusions, in particular, by amendment of normative-legal maintenance which has the complex influence which is shown at macro- and micro-levels of economic systems. Findings. Peculiarities of development of normative and legal provision of energy saving in Ukraine are considered, the main tasks of the state policy and the purpose of introduction of ESU in the field of energy saving are singled out. The necessity of active introduction of energy management by business entities is substantiated. Originality. The key tasks of the state policy in the field of energy saving are defined. Obstacles in the field of energy saving are systematized within three components. Proposals for improving energy saving, which can be achieved by amending the regulatory framework, are substantiated; integrated impact, which involves the implementation of economic systems at the macro and micro levels; revival of investments in energy saving processes and a number of innovative changes at both legislative and executive levels. Practical value. The received proposals can be used to improve the current system of energy saving management in Ukraine, in particular, the practice of energy management as an innovative system to ensure efficiency and competitiveness, balanced economic development and innovation of economic entities. Key words: energy saving, energy strategy, investments, regulatory support, competitiveness, alternative fuel sources.
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Paziuk, Vadym, Oleksii Tokarchuk, and Dina Tokarchuk. "CURRENT STATE OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY IN THE WORLD AND IN UKRAINE." ENGINEERING, ENERGY, TRANSPORT AIC, no. 1(112) (March 23, 2021): 88–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.37128/2520-6168-2021-1-11.
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Energy resources are of great importance for human life. Today, the intensive spread of renewable energy sources (RES) in the world is the result of complex political, social, economic and natural resources that have been developing over the past 40-50 years. These processes are associated with different levels and dynamics of economic development of states, an increase in energy consumption, an uneven distribution of natural resources, an increase in the world's population and climatic changes. The energy-saving way of economic development presupposes a significant reduction per unit of product consumption of fuel, electricity and heat at the final stage of their consumption; improvement of production, transportation, transformation and storage of energy resources; improving the structure of the energy balance in the direction of replacing scarce and expensive energy resources in it with cheap and affordable renewable energy sources. The growth of production and consumption is inextricably linked with the development of society, throughout its development it is fighting to increase its energy balance. The struggle for energy, for its source, for the discovery of new ways of transforming and using it is going on continuously and at an ever-increasing pace. The development of renewable energy sources in the world is associated with limited energy resources. From renewable energy sources, the use of solar energy, wind energy, water energy, environmental energy, geothermal energy, biomass energy has been obtained. Most of all in Ukraine, biomass energy is used to obtain thermal energy. Also, the use of environmental energy has been developed due to the introduction of heat pumps in heating systems of buildings, in the technological processes of drying and cooling.
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Kologrivov, Mykhailo, and Vitalii Buzovskyi. "Development of the system of energy and resource saving during the operation of the gas pumping unit." Technology audit and production reserves 5, no. 1(61) (October 8, 2021): 18–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.15587/2706-5448.2021.239476.
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The object of research is the fuel gas system of a gas turbine engine. The study of the use of secondary energy resources of the gas-pumping unit at the compressor station of the main pipeline has been carried out. The work of a gas turbine engine, including the work of the fuel gas system, is considered. The main drawback of the fuel gas system is revealed – ineffective use of excess gas pressure. An informational analysis of the options that eliminate the identified drawback is carried out. It is shown that in order to eliminate the disadvantage, it is advisable to use a turbo-expander at the compressor station to utilize the excess pressure of the fuel gas. It is also shown that the operation of a fuel gas turboexpander to drive an additional air compressor as part of a gas turbine engine is impractical. An expander-generator set with the generation of additional electricity at the compressor station is recommended for use. Modeling the operation of the utilization system made it possible to recommend constructive proposals for its improvement. A schematic diagram of a system for the complex utilization of excess pressure of fuel gas and heat of combustion products from the operation of a gas turbine engine is proposed. The system of complex utilization includes parts-generator unit, heat exchanger for cooling process gas and heat exchanger for firing gas. Regenerative heating of fuel gas up to 250 °С reduces energy consumption for heating it up to the ignition temperature. A model of a robot installation of the type GPU 16/56-1.44 (Ukraine) is carried out. It is determined that when a component engine of the J-59 (Ukraine) type with a shaft power of 16 MW operates, it is possible to additionally receive 102 kW of electricity and save 64 m3/h of fuel gas. It is revealed that the subcooling of the process gas does not play a significant role in reducing energy consumption during its transportation. It is recommended to use the process gas to heat the cold fuel gas stream downstream of the turboexpander to positive temperatures. The integrated utilization system is not a simple connection of an expander-generator set and two heat exchangers along the flow of the fuel gas. As a result of its operation, a significant reduction in the consumption of fuel gas and electricity is achieved. The disadvantages that hinder the implementation of a comprehensive disposal system are identified. This is the use of equipment for generating electricity at a compressor station. It is uncharacteristic for the operation of the station and requires additional qualifications in service. It is also required that the characteristics of industrial expander-generator sets correspond to the fuel gas consumption of a gas turbine engine.
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Zhuk, H. V., Ye Ye Nikitin, A. V. Smikhula, O. V. Dutka, and O. S. Ivaniv. "DETERMINATION OF THE OPTIMAL SCHEMES OF SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT IN CITIES OF UKRAINE." Energy Technologies & Resource Saving, no. 1 (April 24, 2018): 48–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.33070/etars.1.2018.07.
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A scheme of solid domestic wastes management is proposed. The scheme includes a separate two-stream collection of municipal waste, sorting, collecting of secondary raw materials, producing of RDF-fuel and storing a small part at a landfill equipped with a landfill gas collection system. With the help of objective data, expert assessments and calculations, the basic material and financial parameters of the main flows of the scheme are defined. The model of material, energy and financial flows is proposed, which allows evaluating the technical and economic efficiency of the MSW complex management. By example of Ivano-Frankivsk city it is shown that even at existing low tariffs for transporting this waste disposal, complex using of «cost» and «profitable» elements allows you to create a self-proclaimed MSW management system. All the technologies involved in the scheme have been successfully implemented in Ukraine. Bibl. 24, Fig. 7, Tab. 9.
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PRYSHLIAK, Natalia, Vitaliy LUTSIAK, Dina TOKARCHUK, and Iryna SEMCHUK. "The Empirical Research of The Potential, Awareness and Current State of Agricultural Waste Use to Ensure Energy Autonomy of Agricultural Enterprises of Ukraine." Journal of Environmental Management and Tourism 11, no. 7 (November 30, 2020): 1634. http://dx.doi.org/10.14505//jemt.v11.7(47).04.
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Today, the issues of waste management are complex, because they relate to various aspects – resource conservation, environmental safety of mankind, ensuring competitiveness at micro, macro and mega-levels. The study is devoted to the analysis of the potential, awareness and current state of use of agricultural waste to ensure energy autonomy of agricultural enterprises of Ukraine on the basis of the experimental study, conducted by the authors using a mixed method. The main tool in the study was the survey developed by the authors, which was filled out by the owners of agricultural enterprises in Ukraine. The development of the survey was accompanied by the authors' hypotheses regarding the need for energy autonomy of agrarian enterprises; main sources of information on opportunities and state support for energy use of waste; potential and current state of bioproduction in agrarian formations. Authors acknowledged that both the crop and livestock industries lead to the generation of waste that has the potential to produce biofuels (solid – pellets, briquettes; gaseous – biogas). The study confirmed that the costs for providing agrarian enterprises themselves with fuel and energy resources in Ukraine are quite high, and the bioenergy potential of waste to replace traditional energy resources is practically not used. Further studies will cover a range of questions regarding the extension of the geography of the survey to the whole territory of Ukraine, the specification of hypotheses based on the preliminary questionnaire, the hypothesis testing and the correlation between different indicators of the agrarian waste potential for biofuel production and the efficiency of substitution of traditional energy with biofuels.
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HETMAN, O. L. "PROPOSALS REGARDING FORMATION OF RISKS PREVENTING MECHANISMS TO ENVIRONMENTAL SOUND DEVELOPMENT IN THE FUEL AND ENERGY SECTOR." Economic innovations 20, no. 4(69) (December 20, 2018): 32–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.31520/ei.2018.20.4(69).32-43.
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Topicality. Given the energy dependence of the country, existing energy, environmental and social threats to sound development due to increased tariffs for heat and electricity and rise in prices for products and services of all economic sectors, it is necessary to determine the strategic directions of risk management in the fuel and energy sector. The choice of a management option, based on the features of preventing and reduction of risk to a possibly low level in the fuel and energy sector, becomes particularly relevant.Aim and tasks. The goal of the article is to substantiate the mechanisms for managing the environmentally sound development of the fuel and energy sector, to identify areas of the settlement and ways to minimize currently existing risks and measures aimed at preventing threats and risks in the fuel and energy sector of the economy.Research results. The article substantiates and proposes mechanisms for managing the environmentally sound development of the fuel and energy sector. There are considered areas of the settlement and ways to minimize currently existing risks and measures aimed at preventing threats and risks in the fuel and energy sector of the economy.There are represented systematic understanding of the logical connection between existing risks and their consequences depending on the source of threats and are defined monitoring phases of threats which should be the basis for making management decisions.Analyzing the research of foreign and our scientists, we came to the conclusion that the use of alternative energy in the fuel and energy sector strengthens energetic and environmental safety and defied a number of necessary modern steps that will contribute to environmentally sound development of Ukraine.Based on an analysis of the current state of usage of the energy resources and energy development in Ukraine, the need to increase the share of primary energy production from alternative energy sources, which can solve critical problems in the regions of Ukraine, was proved.The study of international investment practice in the environmentally sound development of the country, the means and trends of stimulation allowed to propose organizational and managerial measures to ensure the efficiency of the mechanisms. It was proved that in order to obtain the most positive economic-environmental effect within the national energy it is necessary to give preference to projects with the highest investment efficiency to get positive economic, environmental, social and resource effects.The necessity of applying an integrated approach to the formation of a system of mechanisms for providing an effective environmentally sound development of the fuel and energy sector, which synthesizes systemic, managerial, integrated, innovative approaches and allows to comprehensively explore the processes of management and use of alternative energy sources is substantiated. There is proposed the complex of mechanisms of national, regional, municipal ecologically oriented regulation of environmentally sound development of the fuel and energy sector.Conclusions. It was established that the management of environmentally sound development of the fuel and energy sector is a complex of processes that ensure the transformation of existing problems into a new state through the application of certain controlled actions. The theoretical, methodological and conceptual basis for the establishment of a system for managing the environmentally-oriented development of the fuel and energy sector, the implementation of strategy and strategic management mechanisms that ensure long-term development on the basis of ecologization constitute the subject and prospects for further scientific research in this direction.
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Moskaliuk, Serhii. "Modern problems and contradictions of implementation of the State Energy Policy of Ukraine." Public administration and local government, no. 4(43) (December 25, 2019): 60–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.33287/101908.
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Implementation of strategic tasks of energy sector development, implementation of large-scale measures for technical renewal and modernization of fixed assets, as well as consistent implementation of competitive relations in the fuel and energy complex and adjacent energy markets are significantly complicated due to the imperfection of the state tariff and tariff, the lack of objective methodological approaches to the determination of economically justified level of prices and tariffs for energy for different categories of consumers.
Recent research and publications analysis. Scientists such as Baryakhtar V., Voloshin О., Kilnitsky O., Kuhar V., Maistro S., Palshin G. and others have devoted their publications to the analysis of existing problems and contradictions of the implementation of the state energy policy of Ukraine in the current conditions. However, many issues regarding the problematic aspects of energy sector development and the effectiveness of Ukraine’s state energy policy implementation remain poorly understood.
The purpose of the study is to analyze the existing problems and contradictions of the implementation of the state energy policy of Ukraine in the current conditions.
In a market economy, energy prices in the domestic market must be economically justified, that is, reflect the real costs of its purchase (production), transportation and delivery. In addition, the World Bank adheres to the need to build the most transparent energy market in Ukraine, including bringing prices to an economically sound level. Carrying out a real pricing reform in the energy sector will have a positive effect on improving the competitiveness of the Ukrainian economy in the long run.
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Vakun, Oksana. "ENERGOSERVICE AS A COMPLEX OF TECHNICAL AND ORGANIZATIONAL ENERGY SAVING MEASURES." Economic Analysis, no. 30(4) (2020): 147–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.35774/econa2020.04.147.
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Introduction. Improving the energy efficiency of residential and industrial enterprises is associated with ensuring efficient energy conservation, based on the principles of implementing the latest innovative technologies of energy modernization. All this is possible due to the operation of energy service companies, which are actively implementing energy modernization of facilities to ensure rational energy saving through the mechanism of concluding energy service contracts. Goal. The purpose of the article is to consider the peculiarities of the functioning of energy service companies in Ukraine and their conclusion of energy service contracts to improve the energy efficiency of housing and industrial enterprises. Method (methodology). The main methods were induction and deduction, logical generalization, comparative and system-structural analysis, grouping to identify existing problems in the operation of energy service companies and the mechanism for concluding energy service contracts. Results. Categories are considered: "energy service company", "energy service contract". The content of the understanding of energy service as a set of technical and organizational energy saving measures aimed at reducing the customer service of energy service consumption and costs for payment of fuel and energy resources. Trends are revealed and key elements of features of energy service contracts by types and forms are analyzed. The peculiarities of the mechanism of concluding an energy service contract have been studied. The expediency of introducing the latest elements of energy service contracts into the activities of energy service companies is substantiated. The relationship between energy service as a special form of energy saving, in which the costs of measures are borne by the energy service company and the energy service contract, which regulates the list of implemented energy saving measures, payback period of the project, the amount of energy savings and income sharing. energy service company.
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Klymchuk, O. "Management aspects of development of competitive biofuels production in Ukraine." Ekonomìka ta upravlìnnâ APK, no. 2(151) (December 16, 2019): 51–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.33245/2310-9262-2019-151-2-51-66.
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In the context of easing the dependence of most countries of the world on the import of fossil energy sources, a complex of systematic research on the search and effective use of renewable energy sources, in particular the development of the biofuels industry, is a necessary direction. An urgent problem need arises for the parallel implementation of the policy of diversification of supply and efficient use of fuel and energy resources with the active introduction of competition policy and infrastructure reforms in the economic and energy sector. Economically developed countries pay significant attention to energy supply on the basis of sustainable development, which determines the urgency of developing an integrated system of directions and priorities for the formation of Ukraine's energy security on the basis of its own biofuels production. The purpose of research is to provide scientific and practical substantiation and systematization of organization and innovative aspects of effective regulation of the development of competitive biofuels production in Ukraine at different levels of management. The methodical and practical experience of Ukrainian scientists concerning the division of Ukraine into natural-economic region was used. The methods of system analysis, monographic, graphical and abstract-logical are applied. The development of national biofuels production contributes to the efficient use of scientific, economic and labor potential and provides optimization of biofuel specialization areas. On the basis of the natural-economic region, it is necessary to form the main economic-energy proportions of macro-regional development and carry out balance calculations of production and consumption of biofuels. The formation of competitive biofuels production should be based on the principles of independence, self-sufficiency, accessibility and quality, based on clusterization processes. It is necessary to intensify the processes of increasing the volume and share of renewable energy consumption, giving priority to the development of the biofuels industry. Biofuels are a significant innovative contribution to the local energy supply of natural-economic regions, areas, administrative districts and individual agro-industrial enterprises to increase the competitiveness of manufactured products. Keywords: economic development, management, state energy policy, renewable energy, biofuels industry, natural-economic region.
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Klymchuk, O. V., S. V. Kozlovskyi, and R. V. Lavrov. "Strategic Aspects of Economic and Energy Policy of Ukraine in the Context of Sustainable Development." Business Inform 1, no. 516 (2021): 65–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.32983/2222-4459-2021-1-65-76.
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The article is aimed at developing strategic directions and introducing regulatory measures for the formation of Ukraine’s energy policy on the principles of energy saving and the development of renewable energy industry. On the basis of scientific works, the main organizational-economic vectors of energy industry sector development are systematized, which are associated with the formation of a favorable socio-political climate regarding the priority of using renewable energy sources in the fuel and energy complex; development of effective methods of both the State-based and the market-based regulation by the world community; coordination of the strategy of sustainable development of the world economy. It is determined that the energy saving policy should be based on a flexible combination of the State-based regulation and the market environment for the formation of the most acceptable stimulation mechanisms in the specific economic and political situations, which allows for the greatest economic benefit. It has been found out that the implementation of energy saving processes is impossible without the mass use of renewable energy carriers, which are a universal resource for processing to the right types of energy, are marked by energy independence related to obtaining economic benefits and contribute to the creation of an ecological friendly environment. In the perspective, the energy saving processes, the transition of the national economy to wide implementation in the production of high-tech technologies and the use of renewable energy sources should become the determining factors of Ukraine’s energy strategy.
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Drebot, O., O. Bendasyuk, M. Vysochanska, and A. Schavinska. "Conceptual aspects of improving the energy efficiency of agricultural complex in conditions of sustainable development." Agroecological journal, no. 1 (April 6, 2021): 182–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.33730/2077-4893.1.2021.227257.
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The article identifies and analyzes the relevance of the formation of new energy opportunities for the agro-industrial complex (AIC), which will stabilize energy consumption. Theoretical and methodological bases of organizational and economic aspects of realization of bioenergy potential of agrarian sector of economy are analyzed and investigated. Possibilities of biofuel and energy production, possibility of using different types of local energy sources for energy supply are estimated. The problem in the field of regulation and development of the fuel and energy complex and the inconsistency of transformation measures in the energy sector with the methods of reforming the energy industry, agriculture, services and utilities of Ukraine are analyzed. The state, tendencies and strategy of energy complex development are analyzed; the forecast estimation of energy possibility of introduction of new stages of application of renewable energy sources in agriculture is executed. The analysis of the current state of the energy balance of the agricultural sector is carried out, and the topical issues of imperfection of the bioenergy and RES production process are identified. Ways to increase the economic efficiency of energy saving by increasing the capacity of biogeneration of energy, based on local energy sources, taking into account the savings in their use, as well as obtaining additional funds from the sale of electricity at a green tariff. It is recommended to improve and harmonize the production of raw materials for biofuel energy and to introduce control over the reporting of economic entities.
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Dolinsky, A., D. Chalaev, A. Pereyaslavtseva, and N. Silnyagina. "Prospective directions for use of geothermal resources in Ukraine." Energy and automation, no. 5(51) (October 28, 2020): 42–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.31548/energiya2020.05.042.
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Geothermal resources are an almost inexhaustible environmentally friendly source of renewable energy. In Ukraine, there are large reserves of hot thermal waters, which are practically not used for the needs of heat power engineering. Analysis of literature data and previous developments carried out at the institutes of IET and IVE NAS of Ukraine made it possible to correct the general and technically possible potential of geothermal energy in Ukraine and determine the most promising directions for the development and implementation of geothermal energy. According to expert estimates, the theoretically possible energy potential of geothermal energy in Ukraine is more than 40 GW in capacity, and the economically viable potential is about 10 GW. The main area of application of geothermal energy in Ukraine is small-scale energy, within which it is possible to create local geothermal energy complexes for the production of electrical and thermal energy, the extraction of useful mineral compounds. The list of modern technologies that are successfully used in the world, and which, in our opinion, must be applied in Ukraine should include: - introduction of technologies of geothermal circulation systems (GCS) with the injection of spent (cooled) geothermal fluid into the aquifer; - introduction of technologies for double-circuit geothermal power supply systems using corrosion-resistant heat exchangers and preinsulated pipelines made of high-strength composite materials; - introduction of GCS technologies with the use of a downhole coaxial heat exchanger of the “pipe-in-pipe” type; - development of technologies for the construction of high-rate wells with horizontal or inclined shafts in an aquifer; - conversion of a significant number of individual idle wells of oil and gas fields to the extraction of geothermal energy using deep coaxial heat exchangers of the “pipe in pipe” type and creating a circulation loop with an intermediate heat carrier; - introduction of modern binary GeoPPs of medium and low power on the basis of serial power modules, for example, “Obcon Powerbox”, Sweden or “Ormat”, Israel and the organization of production of such equipment in Ukraine; - introduction of heat pump technologies to increase the temperature potential of the coolant on the basis of vapor compression heat pumps or absorption thermotransformers; - development and implementation of integrated technologies for the utilization of geothermal energy and the extraction of useful hydromineral resources. A significant reserve for the extraction of geothermal energy is suspended wells in the territory of gas fields, of which there are several thousand on the territory of Ukraine. The developed oil and gas fields, even after their complete closure for the production of hydrocarbons, remain an important energy resource, primarily in the regions of their location, and in the development of state policy and appropriate measures at the state level, and the resource of the entire fuel and energy complex of Ukraine.
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Brych, Bohdan. "Concept of energy service market enterprices’ development." Herald of Ternopil National Economic University, no. 3(97) (October 1, 2020): 211–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.35774/visnyk2020.03.211.
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Introduction. In the process of economic development, the importance of the energy saving segment for the socio-economic development of Ukraine is to reduce energy and environmental impact. As a result, the role of energy services for the fuel and energy sector is growing. In world practice, the energy service mechanism is one of the most effective measures for energy conservation and optimization of energy consumption of companies and housing and communal services. Accordingly, the financing of energy saving measures on the basis of energy service for domestic enterprises is the area of development that solves important problems in reducing the company’s costs for the energy component of their operation. Methods. The methodological basis of the research is the general scientific and economic-statistical methods: in particular: analysis, synthesis, generalization, schematic and graphical visualization - to formation of conceptual foundations for the development of the energy service market; induction, deduction, dialectical analysis, schematic and graphical visualization - to determine the structure and features of energy consumption, components of the concept of energy service market development. Results. The article is investigated the measures for ensure energy efficiency in the fuel and energy complex of Ukraine. Industrial enterprises for the production use large amounts of energy resources (electricity, heat). One of the problems in strengthening the energy saving of enterprises is the use of old energy equipment. As a result, the importance of developing cooperation between industrial enterprises and energy service companies is growing. The development of the energy service market in Ukraine will contribute to the growth of the number of market participants and the range of energy services; formation of the mechanism of financial and credit support of energy service development; creation of national energy efficiency standards for certain sectors of the economy; creation of a national energy saving strategy based on energy service; wide involvement of local governments in energy service activities. The article is proposed the concept of developing the energy service market. The concept is based on the definition of its components: necessity, opportunities and effectiveness. The main drivers of the concept and directions of its implementation are described. It is proved that a single concept of developing the energy service market will provide a clear strategy for increasing the economic potential of the industry and the profitability of other sectors of the economy. Discussion. The prospect of further research is to form at the level of public administration a clear and effective strategy for energy efficiency of the country’s economy.
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Blayda, I., T. Vasylieva, L. Sliusarenko, N. Vasylieva, V. Baranov, and S. Shuliakova. "Isolation and study of the main properties of acidophilic chemolithotrophic bacteria isolated from the waste dumps of fuel-energy complex in Ukraine." Studia Biologica 12, no. 3–4 (2018): 3–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.30970/sbi.1203.570.
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Vyshnevetska, Oksana. "CONSUMPTION OF FUEL AND ENERGY RESOURCES AT AGRICULTURAL ENTERPRISES." INNOVATIVE ECONOMY, no. 5-6 (August 2020): 65–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.37332/2309-1533.2020.5-6.9.
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Purpose. The aim of the article is to assess the achieved level of consumption and trends in the efficiency of energy resources use in agriculture of Ukraine. Methodology of research. The basic provisions of economics, scientific works of leading domestic scientists on the efficient use of energy resources are the theoretical and methodological basis of the study. The following research methods are used in the process of writing the article: monographic (study of organizational and economic and production and technical measures to improve the efficiency of energy resources in agricultural enterprises); economic and statistical (analysis of the current state and efficiency of energy resources); abstract and logical (generalization and formulation of conclusions); graphical (visual display of research results in the form of diagrams and graphs) and method comparison (comparison of economic indicators of energy supply of agricultural enterprises). Findings. It is determined that despite the significant share of consumption of fuel and energy resources in the agro-industrial complex (23% – diesel and 5% – gasoline), their demand has decreased significantly in recent years. Agricultural enterprises have reduced the use of gasoline by 13 times compared to 1990, diesel fuel – by 3 times. This can be explained by the reduction of sown areas by almost 15%, the cultivation of less energy-intensive crops, the reduction of almost four times the fleet of cars, tractors and combines, as well as a significant reduction in livestock production. It was found that the reduction fuel consumption has helped reduce the energy intensity of agricultural products. If in 1994 agricultural enterprises spent 44.7 kg of conventional fuel per thousand hryvnias of gross output at comparable prices in 2010, in 2018 it is only 11.5 kg, or 3.9 times less. It is substantiated that the reduction in the consumption of fuel and energy resources in agriculture is also associated with a continuous increase in their prices and an increase in the disparity in prices for energy and agricultural products. If in 1990 it was necessary to sell 0.2 tons of grain to purchase 1 ton of diesel fuel, in 2019 – 5.6 tons, or 37 times more. The same trend is observed for other types of resources. Originality. Taking into account the forecast indicators of development of agriculture, processing and service enterprises, the need for diesel fuel has been determined. It is expected that the consumption of diesel fuel in agricultural enterprises in 2020 will decrease slightly compared to 2018. Thus, in 2020 the expected consumption of diesel fuel for the agro-industrial complex will be 1430 thousand tons, gasoline – 114.5 thousand tons. Practical value. As a result of the research, it is expected that the main provisions, conclusions and practical recommendations can be used in the process of improving the state regulatory policy to provide petroleum products to agricultural producers through state support in addressing the issue of excise duty on fuel and lubricants, increasing the effectiveness of antitrust measures to maintain price stability during the year, preventing conjunctural price increases during periods of critical mechanized work. This will help increase the competitiveness of agricultural enterprises and the development of rural areas. Scientific developments can be used in the formation of regional targeted and comprehensive development programs agriculture. Key words: fuel and energy resources, efficiency, energy consumption, conditional fuel, demand, oil products.
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Chernova, Oksana, Oleg Vytyaz, Rostislav Martyniuk, and Irina Fedorovych. "Rational methods of operation of underground gas storages and mitigation of energy losses." Nafta-Gaz 78, no. 3 (March 2022): 187–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.18668/ng.2022.03.03.
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The fuel and energy complex of Ukraine, like most developed countries of the world, is a complex system of material production incorporating a set of many subsystems that cover the extraction, conversion, distribution, storage and consumption of energy. Ukraine's gas transportation system has an extremely complex system, which consists of gas pipelines of various purposes and capacities, compressor stations, compressor shops, gas distribution stations and underground gas storage facilities. Compressor stations, allied with underground storage, ensure full pipeline use, reliability of work, modes of regulation of transit flows and maintenance of uninterrupted supply. Their co-employment is considered one of the most effective methods of increasing reserves for reliable gas supply and efficiency of gas sales in the country and abroad. The use of storage reduces the unevenness of seasonal consumption and enables timely delivery. This is justified by the fact that during the year, gas production is uneven, as is consumption. In winter, the amount of gas extracted does not provide the amount of gas consumed. Therefore, underground storage facilities are an integral part of the gas transmission system, which must function efficiently. The Ukrainian gas transportation system is part of the European energy system, despite the fact that the country itself is not yet a member of the EU. To research the issues of improving the efficiency of the system and underground storage facilities, it is necessary to analyse the parameters of their work and study the problems of reducing costs during storage and transportation. In the work on the basis of the analysis of the cyclic operation of the Dashavsky underground storage, the energy approach to an estimation of losses of gas at storage is offered. This will streamline and specify the general ideas and the level of irreversible losses of natural gas as an energy source and will increase the efficiency of operation of the underground gas storage as a whole. At the same time, taking into account the energy characteristics of natural gas when forecasting its losses during storage will significantly affect the organisation and optimisation of maintenance of storage equipment and, in particular, the compressor station.
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HONCHARUK, Inna, and Inna TOMASHUK. "ECONOMIC EFFICIENCY OF ENERGY AUTONOMY OF THE AIC DUE TO THE USE OF BIOFUELS." "EСONOMY. FINANСES. MANAGEMENT: Topical issues of science and practical activity", no. 2 (42) (February 2019): 7–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.37128/2411-4413-2019-2-1.
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It has been substatiated in the article that renewable energy sources have recently become one of the important criteria for the sustainable development of rural areas. The emphasis is placed on the search for new and improved existing technologies for the production of alternative energy sources, expansion of their implementation areas. It is substantiated that the main reasons for such attention to the energy supply of rural territories are expected exhaustion of fossile fuels resourses, sharp increase in their prices, imperfections and low efficiency of their use technologies, harmful effects on the environment. It is shown that the situation of energy dependence can be changed by conducting the corresponding energy policy, improving the regulatory framework and attracting investment in the development of non-traditional and renewable energy sources. It is highlighted that Ukraine has sufficient opportunities to provide an adequate amount of biofuels, primarily through the use of biomass potential of agricultural crops and fast-growing energy crops. It is researched that in conditions of a complex socio-economic situation in Ukraine, a significant energy dependence on energy imports, the search for alternative energy sources is of particular relevance. It is estimated that Ukraine is among the dozens of countries - the largest consumers of energy resources, with a small share in the structure of the world's product. It is proved that energy saving today becomes one of the most important priorities of socio-economic development in the national and regional dimensions. The necessary condition for successful work in national and world agrarian markets is constant work on increasing the competitiveness of products, in particular, reducing its value by reducing the energy intensity of production. It is substantiated that agricultural producers are actively working on the issue of reducing energy consumption per unit of output. It is determined that the majority of these measures is aimed at increasing the productivity of agricultural crops, increasing productivity of the livestock sector, technical and technological re-equipment of the production process. It was emphasized that special attention should be paid to the branches of animal husbandry, because this industry is a serious source of alternative energy production. This applies not only the large live-stock producing agro-holdings but also the small households that operate in rural areas, for which live-stock production is subsidied by the state. Besides, it may become a source of energy supplies for their own needs as well. It was investigated that each year large livestock farms and poultry farms can receive environmentally friendly biofuels in an anaerobic way and significantly improve the quality of sewage. It is determined that thermal efficiency of cogeneration units of biogas production depends very much on equipment for electricity generation. For example, the use of gas-fired internal combustion engines has a thermal efficiency of 70% to 75%, while in the case of using gas turbines and boiler-wastes thermal efficiency can reach more than 90%. It is concluded that one of the ways to reduce the dependence on energy imports and to improve ecology in rural areas of Ukraine is to develop alternative energy generation in agro-industrial complex. Ukraine should create all opportunities for the development of innovative technologies for the implementation of renewable energy sources; to provide conditions for serial production and implementation of bioenergy facilities; to promote the formation of the equal competitive environment for different types of fuel. This will promote green energy production
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Hryhoruk, Iryna. "Assessment of bioenergy development potential in agricultural enterprises." Regional Economy, no. 1(95) (2020): 165–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.36818/1562-0905-2020-1-18.
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Exhaustion of traditional energy resources, their uneven geographical location, and catastrophic changes in the environment necessitate the transition to renewable energy resources. Moreover, Ukraine's economy is critically dependent on energy exports, and in some cases, the dependence is not only economic but also political, which in itself poses a threat to national security. One of the ways to solve this problem is the large-scale introduction and use of renewable energy resources, bioenergy in particular. The article summarizes and offers methods for assessing the energy potential of agriculture. In our country, a significant amount of biomass is produced every year, which remains unused. A significant part is disposed of due to incineration, which significantly harms the environment and does not allow earning additional funds. It is investigated that the bioenergy potential of agriculture depends on the geographical distribution and varies in each region of Ukraine. Studies have shown that as of 2019 the smallest share in the total amount of conventional fuel that can be obtained from agricultural waste and products suitable for energy production accounts for Zakarpattya region - 172.5 thousand tons. (0.5% of the total) and Chernivtsi region - 291.3 thousand tons. (0.9%). Poltava region has the greatest potential - 2652.2 thousand tons. (7.8%) and Vinnytsia - 2623.7 thousand tons. (7.7%). It should be noted that the use of the energy potential of biomass in Ukraine can be called unsatisfactory. The share of biomass in the provision of primary energy consumption is very small. For bioenergy to occupy its niche in the general structure of the agro-industrial complex, it is necessary to develop mechanisms for its stimulation. In addition, an effective strategy for the development of the bioenergy sector of agriculture is needed. The article considers the general energy potential of agriculture, its indicative structure. The analysis is also made in terms of areas. In addition, an economic assessment of the possible use of existing potential is identified.
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Fedirko, Mykhailo, Oksana Huhul, and Bohdan Brych. "Theoretical and applied aspects of developing the energy services market in Ukraine." Herald of Ternopil National Economic University, no. 1(87) (January 30, 2018): 7–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.35774/visnyk2018.01.007.
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The article focuses on the nature, content and interconnection between the main categories of the energy services market. The purpose of the research paper is to substantiate theoretical and applied aspects of developing the energy services market and put forward proposals for their further implementation into practice in Ukraine. Based on a systematic analysis and methods of analysis and synthesis it is proved that efficiency, viewed as an economic, technical and technological category, is an essential factor in the sustainable growth of the national economy. It is pointed out that increasing energy efficiency is linked with energy modernization in the basic sectors of Ukraine’s national economy as well as the application of brand new technologies, non-conventional and renewable energy sources, which can be implemented in the framework of market relations. The energy services market may serve as an organizational, economic and institutional form of such relations The research paper highlights the essence and content of the main categories of the energy services market: energy services, market structure and its basic characteristics, market actors and their interaction. The concept of an efficient industry market is applied for theoretical rationalizing of market structure and its basic features, which makes it possible to identify interdependence between all its components and address the peculiarities of energy services. It is found that the basic terms of supply in the market of energy services are limited due to the imperfection of the institutional and economic environment. The basic conditions of demand are characterized by high price elasticity on personal income and contradiction of behavior depending on the government’s social policy and costs of fuel and energy resources. High elasticity of demand and lack of substitute services result in the impossibility of developing a clear pricing strategy and affect the efficiency of market actors. The market structure is characterized by a high level of market barriers, caused by the peculiarities of providing energy services, which require the availability of high-tech equipment, special mechanisms, highlyskilled personnel, and the availability of a license. It is emphasized that market behavior is a marketing complex that requires flexibility in choosing a pricing strategy, advertising products, market research, engineering and technology research, and service delivery. Institutional provision requires an adequate state policy and informal imperatives of civil society in the field of energy efficiency of the national economy. The scheme of interaction between actors of the market of energy services is developed and functional interrelations between them in business operations are defined.
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Basok, B. I., and Ye T. Baseyev. "ENERGY STRATEGY IN THE REALITIES OF THE MODERN WORLD (REVIEW)." Thermophysics and Thermal Power Engineering 41, no. 1 (February 5, 2019): 34–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.31472/ttpe.1.2019.5.
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Starting the year 1996, energy strategies of Ukraine, one by one, before the completion of the next. In view of the implementation of forecasting indications of leather strategies, it is impossible. At the same time, the obtained reference values did not coincide with the projected.
Where to find the reasons for such "results of implementation" strategies? In the methods and tools of forecasting, management of ways and mechanisms for implementation, socio-economic and geopolitical turbulence, in the global financial and economic crisis? Or, in principle, the impossibility of knowing the future (at a sufficiently remote time interval)?
An overview of conceptual approaches to forecasting the future is given and the impossibility to predict the future is emphasized. The risk of unpredictability of its development and such a complex sector of the economy as energy.
With geopolitical turbulence, with a radical change in the socio-economic system in the country, accompanied by a downturn in the economy, including production in the fuel and energy sector, at any time stage in the implementation of the energy strategy, bifurcation points may appear in the vicinity of which small fluctuations of external influence will sharply increase and indicators forecast in strictly time intervals may become slightly realized, and scenarios for the development of the fuel and energy complex may change. For some indicators, there may be a good match, for others - acceptable, and for a number of indicators - a significant discrepancy with forecasts. The main task is to determine the range of values of key indicators and trends in the development of energy and its individual industries. It was emphasized that the problem of the quality of energy forecasting is not sufficiently developed, since there are no established criteria by which one can objectively evaluate the advantages and disadvantages of a given forecasting system. There are well-established criteria by which one can objectively evaluate the advantages and disadvantages of a particular forecasting system. Despite the lack of objective criteria for assessing the quality of predictive tools, at present systemic forecasting of energy as an integral part of the triad: energy-economy-ecology is generally accepted and is used in leading energy countries. Propositions regarding the need for the super water pipeline in Ukraine in 2017 are involved in the strategy of operational documents - operational plan-forecasts (road maps) for managing and monitoring the implementation of the strategy for promotional projects in 2014, in the disciplines, in the disciplines. References 29, figures 3.
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Shpilevskiy, V. V., D. M. Kostenko, A. V. Shpilevskiy, and T. A. Filatova. "A Methodical Approach to Substantiation of the Optimal Technical and Economic Characteristics of Production of Biodiesel from Microalgae." Business Inform 11, no. 526 (2021): 96–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.32983/2222-4459-2021-11-96-104.
Full textAbstract:
Global experience shows that one of the important directions in overcoming the external energy dependence and mitigating its negative consequences for the country is the intensification of the use of its own resource base. Such a measure for Ukraine can be production of analogues of petroleum motor fuel from biological raw materials, namely biodiesel and biobenzine. A significant obstacle in the course of intensification of the use of the existing resource base is the lack of a scientifically based vision of the inland development of technologies for the cultivation and conversion of energy biofeedstock into motor fuel. The article is aimed at developing a methodical approach (based on the provisions of economic theory) to the gradual substantiation of optimal technical and economic characteristics of production for the cultivation and processing of microalgae to biodiesel under the conditions of existing climatic restrictions. The developed methodical approach includes the substantiation of the following: choice of raw materials, choice of method and technology of cultivation, characteristics of cultivation technology, and directly the technical and economic characteristics of production. According to the developed methodical approach, it is proved that microalgae is considered as the energy raw material of the future, while the types of microalgae of the genus Chlorella, and above all the species Chlorella vulgaris, meet the requirements of industrial cultivation the most. The more acceptable for use in the climate of Ukraine method of microalgae cultivation is cultivation in photobioreactors (PBR). The technical and economic indicators of the industrial complex for the cultivation and processing of microalgae in biodiesel indicate the expediency of practical application of the developed methodical approach. The gradual substantiation of the choice of raw materials, the method and technology of cultivation of microalgae when applying the traditional conversion of the biomass allowed to ensure the optimality of technical and economic characteristics of biodiesel production in the climatic conditions of Ukraine.
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Maryandyshev, Pavel, Aleksei Kangash, and Victor Lyubov. "Investigation of thermal degradation of hydrolysis lignin." MATEC Web of Conferences 209 (2018): 00011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201820900011.
Full textAbstract:
Wood hydrolysis facilities were built in both northern and southern European regions of Russia, as well as in Siberia and the Russian Far East. Other hydrolysis plant in the former USSR were located in Ukraine, Belarus, Uzbekistan, Kazakhstan, Moldova and Lithuania. All or most of these facilities produced substantial amounts of excess lignin, so called “hydrolysis lignin” (HL). Technology of energy utilization of HL, having a great potential is a production of granulated fuel. Perspective way is pelletization of HL. In this paper complex kinetic analysis of hydrolysis lignin and its organic components under conditions of dynamic and isothermal heating was carried out. Kinetic parameters are determined using the extended independent parallel model.