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Academic literature on the topic 'The Final Blackout'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 10 December 2022
Last updated: 28 January 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "The Final Blackout"

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Mbuya, Benson H., Aleksandar Dimovski, Marco Merlo, and Thomas Kivevele. "Very Short-Term Blackout Prediction for Grid-Tied PV Systems Operating in Low Reliability Weak Electric Grids of Developing Countries." Complexity 2022 (September 8, 2022): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/4763820.

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Sub-Saharan emerging countries experience electrical shortages resulting in power rationing, which ends up hampering economic activities. This paper proposes an approach for very short-term blackout forecast in grid-tied PV systems operating in low reliability weak electric grids of emerging countries. A pilot project was implemented in Arusha-Tanzania; it mainly comprised of a PV-inverter and a lead-acid battery bank connected to the local electricity utility company, Tanzania Electric Supply Company Limited (TANESCO). A very short-term power outage prediction model framework based on a hybrid random forest (RF) algorithm was developed using open-source Python machine learning libraries and using a dataset generated from the pilot project’s experimental microgrid. Input data sampled at a 15-minute interval included day of the month, weekday, hour, supply voltage, utility line frequency, and previous days’ blackout profiles. The model was composed of an adaptive similar day (ASD) module that predicts 15 minutes ahead from a sliding window lookup table spanning 2 weeks prior to the prediction target day, after which ASD prediction was fused with RF prediction, giving a final optimised RF-ASD blackout prediction model. Furthermore, the efficacy analysis of the short-term blackout prediction of the formulated RF, ASD, and RF-ASD regression and classification algorithms was compared. Considering the stochastic nature of blackouts, their performance was found to be fair in short-term blackout predictions of the test site’s weak grid using limited input data from the point of coupling of the user. The models developed were only able to predict blackouts if they occurred frequently and contiguously, but they performed poorly if they were sparse or dispersed.
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Tayyab, Mr Shaik Mohammad, and Prof K. Chandra Sekhar. "A Comprehensive Procedure for the Partial Discharge Measurements & Power Frequency Withstand Test on GIS in Transmission Substations." International Journal of Recent Technology and Engineering (IJRTE) 10, no. 4 (November 30, 2021): 124–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.35940/ijrte.d6592.1110421.

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The Transmission part of the power sector is very much important as it deals with the huge losses of the complete power sector. Transmission substations play a key role in the power transmission process since the power generation at the power plants to the final stage at the consumer end utilization. The utmost care should be taken to protect these transmission substations as same as the care is taken to reduce the losses. The substation needs to be protected from blackouts which is the big problem of substations. For this, the substation high voltage equipment’s like GIS & Power Transformers are to be properly installed & energized according to the standards & care is taken for its maintenance. So, during the commissioning process which is after installation & before energization, there are different tests which are performed on high voltage equipment’s, especially the Gas Insulated Switchgear, in which the High Voltage & Partial discharge has huge impact as the ageing and the life time of GIS can be easily assessed & the GIS can be saved from the damage, tripping and the blackout of a substation. The procedure of the high voltage test and the partial discharge tests are clearly explained in this paper.
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Hooker, Sascha K., Russel D. Andrews, John P. Y. Arnould, Marthán N. Bester, Randall W. Davis, Stephen J. Insley, Nick J. Gales, Simon D. Goldsworthy, and J. Chris McKnight. "Fur seals do, but sea lions don't — cross taxa insights into exhalation during ascent from dives." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 376, no. 1830 (June 14, 2021): 20200219. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2020.0219.

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Management of gases during diving is not well understood across marine mammal species. Prior to diving, phocid (true) seals generally exhale, a behaviour thought to assist with the prevention of decompression sickness. Otariid seals (fur seals and sea lions) have a greater reliance on their lung oxygen stores, and inhale prior to diving. One otariid, the Antarctic fur seal ( Arctocephalus gazella ), then exhales during the final 50–85% of the return to the surface, which may prevent another gas management issue: shallow-water blackout. Here, we compare data collected from animal-attached tags (video cameras, hydrophones and conductivity sensors) deployed on a suite of otariid seal species to examine the ubiquity of ascent exhalations for this group. We find evidence for ascent exhalations across four fur seal species, but that such exhalations are absent for three sea lion species. Fur seals and sea lions are no longer genetically separated into distinct subfamilies, but are morphologically distinguished by the thick underfur layer of fur seals. Together with their smaller size and energetic dives, we suggest their air-filled fur might underlie the need to perform these exhalations, although whether to reduce buoyancy and ascent speed, for the avoidance of shallow-water blackout or to prevent other cardiovascular management issues in their diving remains unclear. This article is part of the theme issue ‘Measuring physiology in free-living animals (Part I)’.
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Chiu, Yi-Chung, Loren C. Chang, Chi-Kuang Chao, Tzu-Ya Tai, Kai-Lun Cheng, Hsin-Tzu Liu, Rong Tsai-Lin, et al. "Lessons Learned from IDEASSat: Design, Testing, on Orbit Operations, and Anomaly Analysis of a First University CubeSat Intended for Ionospheric Science." Aerospace 9, no. 2 (February 18, 2022): 110. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/aerospace9020110.

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Given the pervasive use of satellite and over the horizon wireless communication technology in modern society, ionospheric disturbances that can disrupt such services are a crucial consideration. Ionospheric irregularities, plasma bubbles and other phenomena can have a great impact on satellite navigation and communications, impacting other systems reliant on such technologies. The Ionospheric Dynamics and Attitude Subsystem Satellite (IDEASSat) was a 3U developed by National Central University (NCU) to measure irregularities in the ionosphere, as well as to establish spacecraft engineering and operations capacity at NCU. The onboard Compact Ionospheric Probe (CIP) could measure high-resolution plasma parameters, which can be used for identifying ionospheric irregularities that can cause scintillation in satellite navigation and communications signals. Part of the spacecraft sub-systems were independently designed and developed by students, who were also responsible for integration, testing, and operations. IDEASSat was successfully launched into low Earth orbit on 24 January 2021, and then began mission operations. The spacecraft successfully demonstrated three-axis attitude stabilization and control, tracking, telemetry and command (TT&C), as well as flight software and ground systems that could support autonomous operation. The spacecraft experienced a critical anomaly 22 days after launch, followed by a 1.5-month communications blackout. The spacecraft briefly recovered from the blackout for long enough to replay flight data, which allowed for the cause of the blackout to be determined as an inability of the electrical power subsystem reset circuit to recover from an ionizing radiation induced single event latch-up. Although the mission was not completed, flight data obtained during the mission will help to improve the designs of future spacecraft in development at NCU. This paper will introduce IDEASSat’s final flight model design and implementation, integration, testing, environmental verification, and failure analysis, and will review the performance of the spacecraft during on-orbit operations. The results and experiences encountered in implementation and operations of the IDEASSat mission are presented here as a reference for other university small satellite teams.
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Šadek, Siniša, Srđan Špalj, and Bruno Glaser. "Influence of Modelling Options in RELAP5/SCDAPSIM and MAAP4 Computer Codes on Core Melt Progression and Reactor Pressure Vessel Integrity." Science and Technology of Nuclear Installations 2010 (2010): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2010/163279.

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RELAP5/SCDAPSIM and MAAP4 are two widely used severe accident computer codes for the integral analysis of the core and the reactor pressure vessel behaviour following the core degradation. The objective of the paper is the comparison of code results obtained by application of different modelling options and the evaluation of influence of thermal hydraulic behaviour of the plant on core damage progression. The analysed transient was postulated station blackout in NPP Krško with a leakage from reactor coolant pump seals. Two groups of calculations were performed where each group had a different break area and, thus, a different leakage rate. Analyses have shown that MAAP4 results were more sensitive to varying thermal hydraulic conditions in the primary system. User-defined parameters had to be carefully selected when the MAAP4 model was developed, in contrast to the RELAP5/SCDAPSIM model where those parameters did not have any significant impact on final results.
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Stoehr, Michael U., Joe E. Webber, and Roger A. Painter. "Pollen contamination effects on progeny from an off-site Douglas-fir seed orchard." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 24, no. 10 (October 1, 1994): 2113–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x94-271.

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The effects of background pollen contamination were evaluated for first-year height growth pattern of seedlings originating from a Douglas-fir (Pseudotsugamenziesii (Mirb.) Franco) coastal–interior transition zone seed orchard located on southern Vancouver Island, British Columbia. Pollen collected from five stands surrounding the orchard (background pollen) and pollen from five half-sib families of the seed orchard were applied to six individual trees in the orchard. The resulting 60 seed lots were raised outdoors in a coastal-climate nursery with five seed lots collected from wild stands of the transition zone. Heights were measured in 10-day intervals during the growing season. Final heights, maximum height growth rate, and growth cessation were subjected to analysis of variance. Growth rate and cessation were derived from data fitted to the logistic growth curve using nonlinear regression analysis. Seedlings sired by the background pollen had significantly greater final heights and growth rates. There were no differences in orchard seedlings in growth cessation probably because all seedlings were exposed to a blackout treatment to force bud set in mid-August. The average final height of wild-stand seedlings from the transition zone was 15% and 21% lower than that of pure orchard seedlings and seedlings sired by the background pollen lots, respectively. Standard deviations for measured traits were similar between orchard seedlings sired by background pollen and orchard pollen. If pollen contamination is not prevented, the faster growing seedlings sired by the background pollen may be preferentially selected during culling in the nursery and outplanted on sites to which they are maladapted.
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MIRON-ALEXE, VIOREL. "PORTABLE LITHIUM-ION BATTERY UPS WITH BMS FUNCTION FOR RASPBERRY PI AND OTHER IOT EMBEDDED SYSTEMS." Journal of Science and Arts 22, no. 3 (September 30, 2022): 763–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.46939/j.sci.arts-22.3-c01.

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The increasing number of IoT (Internet of Things) based embedded systems, used nowadays in every aspects of our lives, inherently generates new challenges that require specific technical attention regarding: the increasing power demand directly proportional with the rising of their computational power and wireless communication functions, a more complex and flexible UPS (Uninterruptible Power Supply) design with load sharing function, a correctly balanced BMS (Battery Management System) consistent with the battery technology used and the manufacturer technical specifications, a more stable DC to DC converter output, a smarter system fail-safe algorithm, all concentrated in a more compact form factor. Taking all that into consideration, this article addresses all the previously mentioned issues in order to design, evaluate and present a fully functional UPS prototype for most IoT embedded systems. Although the proposed UPS prototype design can also be successfully used on non-OS (Operating System) IoT embedded platforms, with minor adaptations, the focus experimentation in this article will be on the every student’s favorite, but power demanding, Raspberry Pi 4 Model B. Basically, being a complete and miniaturized OS computer, the popular Raspberry Pi 4 is a very adamant candidate for tight input DC power parameters, that work in direct correlation with the system’s stability and performance. The final goal of the proposed UPS prototype is to provide Raspberry Pi 4 with enough independent runtime, until it safely shuts down the OS, in case of an external power blackout, and start back on at an external power restore event, all in order to protect the file system stability, or the data acquisition and storage processes from corruption.
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ALI, Assist Prof Dr Inaam I., and Mohanad Sh Tarad AL-AASAM. "REDUCING SHORT CIRCUIT LEVELS BY USING SYSTEM SPLITTING STRATEGIES." Al-Qadisiyah Journal for Engineering Sciences 11, no. 3 (January 31, 2019): 309–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.30772/qjes.v11i3.563.

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Preliminary studies on Iraqi power system show a significant increase in the short circuit level at some of the grid substations and some power stations. This increasing results from the growth of the power generation and transmission systems in size and complexity. Islanding or splitting is dividing the power system into several islands inorder to reduce short circuit levels and avoiding blackouts. The main islanding problem is determining the location of proper splitting points and load balance and satisfaction of transmission capacity constraints for each islands.This paper mainly introduces new proposed splitting strategies of large-scale power systems by using (PSS™E version 30.3 PACKAGE PROGRAME), such that, make re-interconnection of 400KV super high voltage substation based on three-phase load flow to be minimum flow at splitting point and infeed fault current details method to control short circuit levels in Iraq power system without islanding the power system into isolated islands. Controlled islanding or splitting scheme is frequently considered as the final solution to avoid blackouts of power system.Simulation IEEE-25 bus and Iraqi power system used as the test systems for this method. Furthermore, simulation results show significant effectiveness on reducing short circuit levels with same time give stable splitting islands with same frequency for preventing the system blackouts.
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Gulati, Jitendra S., Robert R. Stewart, and John M. Parkin. "Analyzing three‐component 3D vertical seismic profiling data." GEOPHYSICS 69, no. 2 (March 2004): 386–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/1.1707057.

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A three‐component 3D vertical seismic profile (VSP) was acquired over the Blackfoot oil field in Alberta, Canada. The VSP survey was recorded simultaneously with a surface seismic program. The objectives of the VSP were to develop recording logistics, data handling, and processing procedures and to determine if the 3D VSP volumes could image the glauconitic sand reservoir of the Blackfoot field. Dynamite shots from the surface seismic survey, which fell within a 2200‐m offset from the recording well, were used in the VSP analysis. The shots were recorded by a string of three‐component borehole receivers that was moved seven times, resulting in a receiver depth range of 400 to 910 m. The borehole data were processed using basic VSP processing techniques that included hodogram analysis, wavefield separation using median filters, and VSP deconvolution. The final P‐P and P‐S image volumes were obtained by VSP common‐depth point and VSP common‐conversion point stacking the upgoing wavefields followed by f‐xy deconvolution. The P‐P and P‐S images from the VSP correlate well with those from the surface seismic survey. Time slices from the VSP also indicate the trend of the sand channel of the Blackfoot field.
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Ioan, Augustin. "Archives: Building-in Time." Diakrisis Yearbook of Theology and Philosophy 5 (July 31, 2022): 117–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.24193/diakrisis.2022.7.

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The zero-moment of an architectural undertaking precedes and the final one postpones the conventional moments of building and demolition. This pre-usage of the material and of the site turn the ‘birth’ of the house into a rather vague moment. In the numerous makings there exist prior makings, and sites often appear to be palimpsests, layer upon layer, erasure upon erasure. This manner of approaching the question of the temporal ‘sponginess’ of architecture recalls the question concerning the beginnings of architecture. In this chain of fertile ‘blackouts’, the ‘origin’ of architecture ceases to be the inaugural moment still sought to this day: in a making there exist prior makings, and in an unmaking there endures the chance of future lives, at least in principle. Moreover, the question ‘when?’ deserves another, probably more fertile for the economy of this text: ‘For how long?’
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Books on the topic "The Final Blackout"

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Ron, Hubbard L. Final blackout. Los Angeles: Bridge Publications, 1989.

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Ron, Hubbard L. Final blackout. Hollywood, CA: Authur Services, 1997.

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Hubbard, L. Ron. Final blackout. Los Angeles: Bridge Publications, 1989.

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Ron, Hubbard L. Final blackout. Los Angeles: Bridge Publications, 1991.

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Final blackout. East Grinstead: New Era, 1998.

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U.S.-Canada Power System Outage Task Force. Final report on the August 14, 2003 blackout in the United States and Canada: Causes and recommendations. [Ottawa: Natural Resources Canada, 2004.

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Illinois. Special Task Force on the Condition and Future of the Illinois Energy Infrastructure. Blackout solutions: Final report of the Special Task Force on the Condition and Future of the Illinois Energy Infrastructure. [Springfield, Ill.]: Illinois Special Task Force on the Condition and Future of the Illinois Energy Infrastructure, 2004.

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Baranowsky, P. W. Evaluation of station blackout accidents at nuclear power plants: Technical findings related to unresolved safety issue A-44, final report. Washington, DC: Office of Nuclear Regulatory Research, Office of Nuclear Reactor Regulation, U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission, 1988.

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Baranowsky, P. W. Evaluation of station blackout accidents at nuclear power plants: Technical findings related to unresolved safety issue A-44, final report. Washington, DC: Office of Nuclear Regulatory Research, Office of Nuclear Reactor Regulation, U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission, 1988.

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Inc, Maxim Technologies. Blackfoot tailings removal project: Final report. Helena, MT: Maxim Technologies, Inc., 1996.

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Book chapters on the topic "The Final Blackout"

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Genee, Inge. "On the representation of roots, stems and finals in Blackfoot." In Studies in Language Companion Series, 95–124. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/slcs.137.05gen.

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Khan, Iqbal. "Case 46: Blackout." In Medical Histories for the MRCP and Final MB, 176–78. CRC Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315377964-47.

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Ruiz, Sofía, Santiago Hernández, Alicia García, and Jesús Chacón. "Educational innovation in times of crisis: learner voices from the Albany-Caracas COIL exchange." In Virtual exchange: towards digital equity in internationalisation, 131–38. Research-publishing.net, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.14705/rpnet.2021.53.1295.

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In the digital era, where everything seems to move at the speed of light, unfortunately certain regions and countries are limited by economic, political, social, or cultural circumstances, as is the case for Venezuela. New technologies are particularly fundamental in the educational field, and every day Venezuelan students need to deal with the second worst Internet in the world (according to a study conducted by Speedtest in 2019), sporadic blackouts, a hyperinflation that makes almost impossible to upgrade equipment, and all the stress and trauma that come along. Despite these challenges, at the Andrés Bello Catholic University (UCAB), ranked number one in the country, a class of communications students were assigned a crucial task: take a joint 100% online Collaborative Online International Learning (COIL) program with students from the State University of New York (SUNY) located in Albany, United States. The final product was a meta-documentary, while the real outcome was an enriching cross-cultural experience. This chapter complements Jiménez and Kressner’s (this volume) chapter, and presents the learner voice from UCAB.
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Emsley, John. "Driving you hairless." In The Elements of Murder. Oxford University Press, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780192805997.003.0023.

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William Crookes named thallium after the bright green colour it produced when its salts were put into a Bunsen burner flame. He compared the colour to that of a fresh green shoot, so he based its name on the Greek word for this, which is thallos. Thallium’s deadly nature was not at first appreciated and it became part of the treatment for ringworm of the scalp, given in relatively large doses to children because it caused their hair to fall out, the better to treat the disease. Meanwhile others were using it to kill vermin, and always thallium brought tragedy in its wake. Agatha Christie built one of her murder mysteries around thallium poisoning. In 1952 she wrote The Pale Horse, in which the murderer used it to dispose of people’s unwanted relatives and disguised his activities as black magic curses. The plot involves a murdered priest and a pub owned by three modern-day witches. Christie described the symptoms of thallium poisoning very well: lethargy, tingling, numbness of the hands and feet, blackouts, slurred speech, insomnia, and general debility, and she is sometimes blamed for bringing this poison to the attention of would-be poisoners. However, her book was responsible for saving the life of one young girl as we shall see. In any case Christie was not the first mystery writer to employ this deadly agent. In Final Curtain, written in 1947, the novelist Ngaio Marsh had her villain using it. The murder to be investigated was the death of Sir Henry Ancred who had been poisoned with thallium acetate which had been prescribed in the treatment of his granddaughter’s ringworm. Marsh clearly had no knowledge of how thallium worked in that she imagined that those poisoned with it would drop dead in minutes. Would-be murderers seeking to emulate her villain would have been very puzzled when their intended victims appeared to suffer no ill effects, although this disappointment might only have lasted a few days, and then they would have been fascinated at the many symptoms it produced.
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Conference papers on the topic "The Final Blackout"

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Li, Yu, Huiyong Zhang, Yehong Liao, Jiming Lin, and Dekui Zhan. "Study of Station Blackout Accident Process in Taishan Nuclear Power Plant." In 2013 21st International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone21-16214.

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According to the design features of the nuclear power plant in Taishan, a station blackout (SBO) at full power is a complex sequence, induced by the loss of offsite power (LOOP) combined with the loss of the emergency diesel generators (EDGs). This paper shall be performed the deterministic safety analysis of SBO without PSA study, and it mainly analyzes an overheating event of primary coolant resulting in the temporary unavailability of the steam generators (SGs) feeding systems during the station blackout. The analysis of this accident is carried out using the CATHARE2 thermal hydraulic code. The analysis pointed out that the final state can be reached after the operator performs the main manual actions such as startup of the SBO diesel generators from the main control room; startup of the two ASG pumps of trains 1 and 4; Local opening of the ASG header downstream the ASG pumps to enable the two power supplied ASG pumps to feed all the four SGs; initiation of a manual cooldown via the VDA in order to ensure the long term protection of the RCP pumps seals with respect to the thermal and mechanical loads. It corresponds to the achievement of a stable heat removal conditions by the emergency feedwater system (ASG) and the atmospheric steam dump system (VDA).
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Bersano, Andrea, Mario De Salve, Cristina Bertani, Nicolò Falcone, and Bruno Panella. "Modeling and Experiments of a Passive Decay Heat Removal System for Advanced Nuclear Reactors." In 2017 25th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone25-67647.

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Within the field of research and development of innovative nuclear reactors, in particular Generation IV reactors and Small Modular Reactors (SMR), the design and the improvement of safety systems play a crucial role. Among all the safety systems high attention is dedicated to passive systems that do not need external energy to operate, with a very high reliability also in the case of station blackout, and which are largely used in evolutionary technology reactors. The aim of this work is the experimental and numerical analysis of a passive system that operates in natural circulation in order to study the mechanism and the efficiency of heat removal. The final goal is the development of a methodology that can be used to study this class of systems and to assess the thermal-hydraulic code RELAP5 for these specific applications. Starting from a commercial size system, which is the decay heat removal system of the experimental lead cooled reactor ALFRED, an experimental facility has been designed, built and tested with the aim of studying natural circulation in passive systems for nuclear applications. The facility has been simulated and optimized using the thermal-hydraulic code RELAP5-3D. During the experimental tests, temperatures and pressures are measured and the experimental results are compared with the ones predicted by the code. The results show that the system operates effectively, removing the given thermal power. The code can predict well the experimental results but high attention must be dedicated to the modeling of components where non-condensable gases are present (condenser pool and surrounding ambient). This facility will be also used to validate the scaling laws among systems that operate in natural circulation.
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Schulz, Terry L., Thomas A. Kindred, Bryan N. Friedman, John E. Glavin, Adam D. Malinowski, and Phil A. Mathewson. "Post-Fukushima Assessment of the AP1000® Plant." In 2014 22nd International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone22-31166.

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The AP1000 plant is an 1100-MWe class pressurized water reactor with passive safety features and extensive plant simplifications that enhance construction, operation, maintenance, and safety with reduced plant costs. The AP1000 passive nuclear power plant is uniquely equipped to withstand an extended station blackout scenario such as the events following the earthquake and tsunami at the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power station without compromising core and containment integrity. Without AC power, using passive safety technology, the AP1000 plant provides cooling for the core, containment and spent fuel pool for more than 3 days without the need for operator actions. Following this passive coping period, minimal operator actions are needed to extend the operation of the passive features to 7 days using installed equipment. With the re-supply of fuel oil the coping time may be extended for an indefinite time. Connections for a few, small, easily transportable components provide a diverse backup means of extending passive system operation after the first 3 days. As a result, the AP1000 design provides very robust protection of public safety and the utility investment. Following the accident at the Fukushima Dai-ichi nuclear power station in Japan, several initiatives were launched worldwide to assess the lessons learned. These include, but are not limited to, the European Nuclear Safety Regulators Group (ENSREG) stress tests, the Office for Nuclear Regulation (ONR) Final Report, the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) Expert Mission Report, and the U.S. NRC Near-Term Task Force Recommendations. The AP1000 design has been assessed against these initiatives and lessons learned. The purpose of this paper is to describe: • How the accident at the Fukushima Dai-ichi nuclear power station was evaluated and translated into conclusions and recommendations for nuclear power plants worldwide • How the AP1000 plant was evaluated in light of the recommendations resulting from the various post-Fukushima assessments • The key conclusions resulting from the post-Fukushima evaluation of the AP1000 design
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Reports on the topic "The Final Blackout"

1

Evaluation of station blackout accidents at nuclear power plants: Technical findings related to unresolved safety issue A-44: Final report. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), June 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/5122568.

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