Relevant bibliographies by topics / The European medicinal leech

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers

Academic literature on the topic 'The European medicinal leech'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 28 June 2021
Last updated: 1 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "The European medicinal leech"

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Siddall, Mark E., Peter Trontelj, Serge Y. Utevsky, Mary Nkamany, and Kenneth S. Macdonald. "Diverse molecular data demonstrate that commercially available medicinal leeches are not Hirudo medicinalis." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 274, no. 1617 (April 10, 2007): 1481–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2007.0248.

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The European medicinal leech is one of vanishingly few animal species with direct application in modern medicine. In addition to the therapeutic potential held by many protease inhibitors purified from leech saliva, and notwithstanding the historical association with quackery, Hirudo medicinalis has been approved by the United States Food and Drug Administration as a prescription medical device. Accurate annotation of bioactive compounds relies on precise species determination. Interpretations of developmental and neurophysiological characteristics also presuppose uniformity within a model species used in laboratory settings. Here, we show, with mitochondrial sequences and nuclear microsatellites, that there are at least three species of European medicinal leech, and that leeches marketed as H. medicinalis are actually Hirudo verbana . Beyond the obvious need for reconsideration of decades of biomedical research on this widely used model organism, these findings impact regulatory statutes and raise concerns for the conservation status of European medicinal leeches.
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Rio, Rita V. M., Michele Maltz, Benjamin McCormick, Alexander Reiss, and Joerg Graf. "Symbiont Succession during Embryonic Development of the European Medicinal Leech, Hirudo verbana." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 75, no. 21 (July 31, 2009): 6890–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.01129-09.

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ABSTRACT The European medicinal leech, Hirudo verbana, harbors simple microbial communities in the digestive tract and bladder. The colonization history, infection frequency, and growth dynamics of symbionts through host embryogenesis are described using diagnostic PCR and quantitative PCR. Symbiont species displayed diversity in temporal establishment and proliferation through leech development.
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Surugiu, Victor. "On the presence of the European Medicinal Leech Hirudo medicinalis Linnaeus, 1758 (Annelida: Hirudinea) in Romania." Travaux du Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle “Grigore Antipa” 61, no. 1 (June 1, 2018): 7–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/travmu-2018-0002.

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Abstract An isolated, but persistent population of the European medicinal leech Hirudo medicinalis Linnaeus, 1758 is reported from the “Mestecănișul de la Reci” Natural Reserve (ROSCI0111, Covasna County), representing the first confirmed record of this species in Romania. Information regarding habitat characteristics, main diagnostic features and protection status of the species is presented.
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Kutschera, U., and Joy Elliott. "The European medicinal leech Hirudo medicinalis L.: Morphology and occurrence of an endangered species." Zoosystematics and Evolution 90, no. 2 (November 18, 2014): 271–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zse.90.8715.

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Ascenzi, Paolo, Gino Amiconi, Wolfram Bode, Martino Bolognesi, Massimo Coletta, and Enea Menegatti. "Proteinase inhibitors from the european medicinal leech Hirudo medicinalis: Structural, functional and biomedical aspects." Molecular Aspects of Medicine 16, no. 3 (January 1995): 215–313. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0098-2997(95)00002-x.

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WENNING, ANGELA. "Salt and Water Regulation in Macrobdella Decora (Hirudinea: Gnathobdelliformes) Under Osmotic Stress." Journal of Experimental Biology 131, no. 1 (September 1, 1987): 337–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jeb.131.1.337.

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The anatomy, infrastructure and innervation of the nephridia of the North American leech, Macrobdella decora (Say), are described. The osmotic concentrations of blood, crop fluid and final urine, as well as urine flow under normal conditions, were found to be similar to those of the well-studied European medicinal leech, Hirudo medicinalis L. The capacity of the excretory system after changes in external salinity, and after salt and water loading with artificial blood meals, was investigated. In contrast to H. medicinalis, M. decora does not tolerate hypertonic environments and is less efficient in rapidly excreting excess salt and water. Three factors make salt and water regulation in M. decora different from that in H. medicinalis: a slower fluid resorption from the crop, a limited transport capacity of the primary urine-forming cells, and a lower rate of salt reabsorption in the central canal. Note: Dedicated to Professor Dr Ernst Florey on the occasion of his 60th birthday.
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Lemke, Sarah, and Andreas Vilcinskas. "European Medicinal Leeches—New Roles in Modern Medicine." Biomedicines 8, no. 5 (April 27, 2020): 99. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines8050099.

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Before the advent of modern medicine, natural resources were widely used by indigenous populations for the prevention and treatment of diseases. The associated knowledge, collectively described as folk medicine or traditional medicine, was largely based on trial-and-error testing of plant extracts (herbal remedies) and the use of invertebrates, particularly medicinal maggots of the blowfly Lucilia sericata and blood-sucking leeches. The widespread use of traditional medicine in the West declined as scientific advances allowed reproducible testing under controlled conditions and gave rise to the modern fields of biomedical research and pharmacology. However, many drugs are still derived from natural resources, and interest in traditional medicine has been renewed by the ability of researchers to investigate the medical potential of diverse species by high-throughput screening. Likewise, researchers are starting to look again at the benefits of maggot and leech therapy, based on the hypothesis that the use of such animals in traditional medicine is likely to reflect the presence of specific bioactive molecules that can be developed as drug leads. In this review, we consider the modern medical benefits of European medicinal leeches based on the systematic screening of their salivary proteins.
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Laufer, Alison S., Mark E. Siddall, and Joerg Graf. "Characterization of the Digestive-Tract Microbiota of Hirudo orientalis, a European Medicinal Leech." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 74, no. 19 (August 8, 2008): 6151–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.00795-08.

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ABSTRACT FDA-approved, postoperative use of leeches can lead to bacterial infections. In this study, we used culture-dependent and culture-independent approaches to characterize the digestive-tract microbiota of Hirudo orientalis. Surprisingly, two Aeromonas species, A. veronii and A. jandaei, were cultured. Uncultured Rikenella-like bacteria were most similar to isolates from Hirudo verbana.
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Gagiu, Adrian. "The first recorded occurrence of Hirudo verbana Carena, 1820 (Hirudinea: Arhynchobdellida: Hirudinidae) in Romania." Travaux du Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle "Grigore Antipa" 53, no. 1 (December 1, 2010): 7–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10191-010-0001-z.

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The first recorded occurrence of Hirudo verbana Carena, 1820 (Hirudinea: Arhynchobdellida: Hirudinidae) in Romania In 2005, a Hirudo verbana specimen was observed in Stracoş Valley, within the Tăşad Reserve (Bihor county, north-western Romania). Since the coloration pattern of this once forgotten species matches its genetic differentiation, the identification of the specimen as belonging to the southeastern European H. verbana appears plausible. The species was previously cited in southern, central and eastern Europe, but not in Romania. Therefore, the present observation might be its first recognized occurrence in the country. As recently pointed out, H. verbana is one of the three species commonly known as the European medicinal leech and the most abundant as such. Most international and national conservation legislation containing only H. medicinalis (including IUCN, CITES, Berne Convention) needs completion, according to the new taxonomy.
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Wakeman, Lisa J., Roger C. Munro, and Saad Al-Ismail. "Anti-Platelet Properties of Salivary Secretions of the Avian Leech." Blood 108, no. 11 (November 16, 2006): 4115. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v108.11.4115.4115.

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Abstract Introduction Haematophages, animals evolved to a bloodsucking lifestyle as their exclusive mode of feeding secrete compounds capable of arresting haemostasis in the host. It is clear that exploitation of host haemostasis is an absolute requirement for the survival of these species. Since the discovery and with the subsequent characterisation and engineering of Hirudin a potent thrombin inhibitor from the European medicinal leech Hirudo medicinalis, attention has been focused on the potential anticoagulant and platelet aggregation inhibitors derived from an array of different species of leech from both the Rhynchobdellid and Arhynchobdellid orders. Haematophagous leeches of the genus Theromyzon sp. of the Rhynchobdellid order, also termed duck leeches, feed directly on the nasal passages, trachea and nictating membranes of migratory birds. We present the novel observation of inhibition of aggregation of human platelets by the salivary secretion extracts of the avian leech Theromyzon tessulatum. Methods Twelve adult leeches of the species T. tessulatum (total weight 2.828g) were anaesthetised with ethanol vapour. The leeches were severed at the anterior end and a homogenate produced containing salivary gland secretions. The posterior two thirds of the leeches were treated identically to serve as control material. Platelet rich plasma (PRP) was prepared from blood from a normal individual (free from known platelet modifying medicines) mixed 9:1 (v:v) with 0.105 M trisodium citrate in siliconised glass vacutainers. Platelet numbers were adjusted with autologous platelet poor plasma (PPP) to obtain concentrations of approximately 300 × 109/L. Leech extracts (anterior or posterior control) were added to PRP at a ratio of 1:4. Aggregation studies were performed using thrombin (10units/ml), collagen 10μg/ml, Ristocetin (1.5mg/ml) and ADP (5μm/ml). Results Data from this study shows that platelet aggregation was completely inhibited when stimulated by thrombin, collagen and ADP and partially inhibited (40%) on the addition of ristocetin. Conclusion Our observations contradict the belief that the anti-thrombocyte properties of this species of haematophagous leech are restricted to duck thrombocytes. We suggest the presence of one or more inhibitory molecules acting by various mechanisms including inhibition of vWF and platelet integrin mediated collagen interactions, inhibition of ristocetin mediated vWF and platelet GPIb receptor binding and salivary secretion derived apyrase inhibition of arachidonic acid mediated platelet aggregation. These findings provide conclusive evidence that this blood sucking bird leech has the ability to overcome thrombocyte function in higher vertebrates.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "The European medicinal leech"

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Zhao, Bailey. "Cloning and expression of protein tyrosine kinases in the medicinal leech." Diss., [La Jolla] : University of California, San Diego, 2009. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/ucsd/fullcit?p1464872.

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Thesis (M.S.)--University of California, San Diego, 2009.
Title from first page of PDF file (viewed July 7, 2009). Available via ProQuest Digital Dissertations. Includes bibliographical references (p. 50-53).
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Garcia, Paul Anthony. "Modeling the Intersegmental Coordination of Heart Motor Neurons in the Medicinal Leech." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/5064.

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We constructed a model of the coordination of segmental heart motor neurons driving blood circulation in leeches. The heart motor neuron models were conductance-based; conductances of voltage-gated and synaptic currents were adjusted to match the firing pattern of heart motor neurons from the living system. Each motor neuron receives a specific pattern of inhibitory input from rhythmic premotor heart interneurons and translates this spatiotemporal pattern into the fictive heartbeat motor pattern. The temporal pattern of synaptic input to the model was derived from extracellularly recorded spikes of the premotor heart interneurons. We focused on determining the components necessary to produce side-to-side asymmetry in the motor pattern: motor neurons on one side fire nearly in synchrony (synchronous coordination), while on the other they fire in a rear-to-front progression (peristaltic coordination). The model reproduces the general trends in phasing and was used to investigate the effective contribution of several synaptic and cellular properties of the motor neurons. The spatial and temporal pattern of premotor synaptic input, the electrical coupling between the segmental motor neurons, intra-burst, short-term synaptic plasticity of the synaptic inputs, and the axonal conduction delays all were integrated with the intrinsic membrane properties to influence intersegmental phasing.
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Gaudry, Quentin. "Mechanisms of behavioral choice in the nervous system of the medicinal leech." Diss., Connect to a 24 p. preview or request complete full text in PDF format. Access restricted to UC campuses, 2008. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/ucsd/fullcit?p3307002.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of California, San Diego, 2008.
Title from first page of PDF file (viewed June 25, 2008). Available via ProQuest Digital Dissertations. Vita. Includes bibliographical references.
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Ries, David Christopher. "The effects of alpha-conotoxin Im1 on the intact, swimming medicinal leech." Diss., Connect to a 24 p. preview or request complete full text in PDF format. Access restricted to UC campuses, 2008. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/ucsd/fullcit?p1459285.

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Thesis (M.S.)--University of California, San Diego, 2008.
Title from first page of PDF file (viewed November 5, 2008). Available via ProQuest Digital Dissertations. Includes bibliographical references (p. 41-42).
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Todd, Krista L. "Formation of appropriate synapses in the nervous system of the medicinal leech." Diss., [La Jolla] : University of California, San Diego, 2009. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/ucsd/fullcit?p3369589.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of California, San Diego, 2009.
Title from first page of PDF file (viewed September 15, 2009). Available via ProQuest Digital Dissertations. Vita. Includes bibliographical references (p. 120-134).
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Wilkin, Philip John. "A study of the medicinal leech, Hirudo medicinalis (L), with a strategy for its conservation." Thesis, Imperial College London, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/7885.

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Slučkaitė, Asta. "Medicininės dėlės (Hirudo verbana) jauniklių elgesio tyrimai." Master's thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2014. http://vddb.library.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2011~D_20140627_171729-47680.

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Šio darbo tikslas buvo įvertinti medicininės dėlės (Hirudo verbana) jauniklių elgesį sudarant sankaupas, nustatyti sankaupų pokyčius laiko bėgyje bei veikiant terminiam ir šviesos dirgikliui. Vykdant uždavinį, ištirti jauniklių elgesį nuo jų išsiritimo iš kokonų momento iki pirmojo maitinimosi, buvo stebima, kad tik išsiritus jaunikliams iš kokonų, dar neperkėlus į vandenį, būdingos ryškios sankaupos 100% grupių. Perkėlus jauniklius į vandenį, labai trumpam dėl mechaninio poveikio, sankaupos iširsta, tačiau jau po 31,25±0.752 min. Išaiškinta, kad tiek mažo, tiek didelio tankio grupėms būdinga tendencija pirmąją savaitę sudaryti labai ryškias sankaupas, o su laiku jos pradeda irti. Lyginant šias grupes nustatyta, kad po 1 paros nuo išsiritimo negautas patikimas skirtumas tarp šių grupių, tačiau jau po 3 parų gautas patikimas skirtumas. Taip pat stebėti grupių sankaupų ryškumo skirtumai prieš maitinimąsi ir po. Gauta, kad statistiniai skirtumai yra labai patikimi nesvarbu kokio tankumo grupėse. Tyrimai parodė, kad sankaupų ryškumas grupėse, susidedančiose iš viename kokone buvusių jauniklių, nuo grupių, sudarytų iš įvairių kokonų jauniklių statistiškai nepatikimas. 640-670 lx apšvietimas stipriai paveikė dėles ir jos sudarė labai ryškias sankaupas. Rezultatai tarp eksperimentinių ir kontrolinių grupių yra labai patikimi. Tai dar kartą patvirtina neigiamą poveikį dėlėms, kurios pademonstravo ryškią apsauginę reakciją. Tiriant terminį poveikį jaunikliams, nustatyta vidutinė... [toliau žr. visą tekstą]
The aim of the study is to evaluate behaviour of medicinal juvenile leeches (Hirudo verbana) by composing aggregation, establishing changes in aggregation during effect of time also applying thermic and light stimulus. During investigation of juvenile leeches behaviour from leaving the cocoon to first feeding, first aim was to observe juvenile leeches which has just left the cocoon bearing in mind that leeches cannot be moved into water. Characteristics of this observation were 100% groups’ aggregation. Moving juvenile into the water for a short period of time due to mechanical effect, aggregations separate fast after 31,25±0.752 min. Observation concludes, that both large and small density groups have a tendency to show intense aggregations and with time aggregations starts to separate. Comparing these groups it was determined that after 1 day since hatching, significant effect was not achieved between these groups, but after 3 days significant effect have been achieved. In addition, group aggregation difference was observed before and after feeding. Achievement was that statistical difference was accurate disputing density groups. Experiments showed that aggregation intensity in groups were composed out of juvenile leeches that were in the cocoon and groups that were composed out of different cocoons were statistically unreliable. 640-670lx illumination strongly affected leeches and they composed intense aggregations. Results showed that results between experimental and... [to full text]
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Miller, Chandra Nikole. "IMPLEMENTATION OF MEDICINAL LEECH PREPARATION TO INVESTIGATE THE CONNECTION BETWEEN THE MOTOR NEURON AND MUSCLE FIBER VIA SHARP ELECTRODE ELECTROPHYSIOLOGY." DigitalCommons@CalPoly, 2011. https://digitalcommons.calpoly.edu/theses/645.

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There are forty registered organophosphates in the United States and they range from pesticides and insecticides to nerve agents or neurotoxins such as sarin. Organophosphates (OP’s) have been used in chemical warfare for years and tend to lead to death due to an attack on the nervous system. Chemical assays and mass microscopy have been used to assess the concentration of OP’s in the environment, but both methods require the body to metabolize the OP first, which can be detrimental to the victim. It is crucial to come up with a method to investigate and detect these neurotoxins without causing harm first. There have been several studies presented in the literature that use medicinal leeches and sharp electrode electrophysiology to study the function of the motor end plate. Kuffler, Potter and Stuart have all conducted studies using the medicinal leeches to do so. They mapped out the cells within the leech ganglion as well as created an atlas of the entire leech anatomy, and demonstrated the electrical connection between the motor neuron and longitudinal muscle fibers. Using the knowledge they have provided, a medicinal leech and sharp electrode electrophysiology can be used to investigate the effects of organophosphates on the nervous system. Before this can be achieved a dissection preparation must be implemented that can be utilized in electrophysiological experiments and that demonstrates the electrical connection between the motor neuron and muscle fibers. This thesis outlines the implementation of the medicinal leech dissection preparation described above. The preparation removes one ganglion from the leech, leaving the roots attached to the portion of the muscle wall it innervates. To demonstrate the preparations validity, sharp electrode electrophysiology is performed using a current clamp and discontinuous single electrode voltage clamp (dSEVC). A current pulse stimulates the motor neuron and a voltage recording is obtained from the ganglion as well a current recording from the muscle wall. The electrical connection is therefore demonstrated. This dissection preparation and electrophysiology experiment are written up in a procedural manner so that another individual could repeat the experiment. The next logical step would be to use these procedures to perform OP nerve agent experiments to investigate the effect of OP’s on the neuromuscular junction.
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Baca, Serapio Michael. "Inhibitory motor neurons are essential for the production of local bending in the medicinal leech (Hirudo medicinalis) /." Diss., Connect to a 24 p. preview or request complete full text in PDF format. Access restricted to UC campuses, 2005. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/ucsd/fullcit?p3167858.

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Pirschel, Friederice [Verfasser], Jutta [Akademischer Betreuer] Kretzberg, Christine [Akademischer Betreuer] Köppl, and William B. [Akademischer Betreuer] Kristan. "Coding of touch in neurons of the medicinal leech Hirudo medicinalis / Friederice Pirschel. Betreuer: Jutta Kretzberg ; Christine Köppl ; William B. Kristan." Oldenburg : BIS der Universität Oldenburg, 2015. http://d-nb.info/1079000291/34.

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Books on the topic "The European medicinal leech"

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European Agency for the Evaluation of Medicinal Products. Work programme for the European Agency for the Evaluation of Medicinal Products: 2000-2001 ; adopted for the Management Board on 22 February 2000. London: Office for Official Publications of the European Communities, 2000.

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European Colloquium on Ethnopharmacology (3rd 1996 Genoa, Italy). Malattia, culture e società: 3. Colloquio europeo di etnofarmacologia, 1a Conferenza internazionale di antropologia e storia della salute e delle malattie = Diseases, cultures and society : 3rd European Colloquium on Ethnopharmacology, 1st International Conference of Anthropology and History of Health and Disease. Genova: Erga, 1999.

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European Symposium on Ethnopharmacology (3rd 1996 Genoa, Italy). Incontri tra medicine: 3o Colloquio europeo di etnofarmacologia : 1. Conferenza internazionale di antropologia e storia della salute e delle malattie = Meetings between medicines : 3rd European Colloquium on Ethnopharmacology : 1st International Conference of Anthropology and History of Health and Disease. Genova: Erga edizioni, 1999.

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Communities, Commission of the European. Proposal for a Council regulation (EEC) on the acceptance by the European Economic Community of standards or maximum limits for veterinary medicinal product residues drawn up under the joint FAO/WHO Food Standards Programme (Codex Alimentarius). Luxembourg: Office for Official Publications of the European Community, 1990.

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Alfs, Matthew. 300 herbs: Their indications & contraindications, a materia medica & repertory, with insights from American Eclectic Medicine, Physio-medicalism, Thomsonianism, Appalachian Folk-Herbalism, Native-American plant medicine, Curanderismo, modern Western phytotherapy, European herbal traditions, Unani Tipp, Traditional Chinese Medicine, & Ayurvedic medicine - a manual for herbal students and practitioners. New Brighton, MN: Old Theology Book House, 2003.

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European pharmaceutical technical and regulatory compendium: A dictionary of words, terms, phrases, abbreviations and acronyms pertinent to medicinal/pharmaceutical regulatory issues and a directory of the relevant national and supra-national institutions, bodies, associations, societies and regulations. Buffalo Grove, IL: Interpharm Press, 1994.

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Poland) International Symposium on Molecular Aspects of Chemotherapy (8th 2001 Gdańsk. 8th International Symposium on Molecular Aspects of Chemotherapy, Gdańsk, Poland 5-9 September: Under the auspices of the International Society of Chemotherapy, European Federation for Medicinal Chemistry, International Union against Cancer : organized by the Committee of Drug Research Polish Academy of Sciences, Technical University of Gdańsk, Centre of Excellence in Molecular Biotechnology, Warszawa. Gdańsk: Dept. of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biochemistry, Chemical Faculty, Technical University of Gdańsk, 2001.

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Library, British. A medieval herbal: A facsimile of British Library Egerton MS 747. London: British Library, 2003.

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(Editor), Andreas Michalsen, Manfred Roth (Editor), and Gustav Dobos (Editor), eds. Medicinal Leech Therapy. Thieme Medical Pub, 2007.

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Michalsen, Andreas M. D., Manfred Ph D. Roth, and Gustav M. D. Dobos. Medicinal Leech Therapy. Thieme Medical Pub, 2007.

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Book chapters on the topic "The European medicinal leech"

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Baskova, I. P. "Antithrombotic potential of the medicinal leech saliva." In Anticoagulation, 134–46. New York, NY: Springer New York, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-2668-0_6.

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Kristan, William B., Richard Skalak, Richard J. A. Wilson, Boguslaw A. Skierczynski, James A. Murray, F. James Eisenhart, Timothy W. Cacciatore, Hillel J. Chiel, and Randall D. Beer. "Biomechanics of Hydroskeletons: Studies of Crawling in the Medicinal Leech." In Biomechanics and Neural Control of Posture and Movement, 206–20. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-2104-3_14.

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Kallus, Christopher, Jörg Hüser, Philip S. Jones, and Adam Nelson. "The European Lead Factory." In Small Molecule Medicinal Chemistry, 37–60. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118771723.ch2.

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Kathe, Wolfgang. "Conservation of Eastern-European Medicinal Plants." In Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, 203–11. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/1-4020-5449-1_14.

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Woodward, Kevin N. "CHAPTER 5. Veterinary Medicinal Products." In Regulatory Toxicology in the European Union, 163–242. Cambridge: Royal Society of Chemistry, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/9781782622222-00163.

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Woodward, Kevin N. "CHAPTER 6. Pharmacovigilance for Veterinary Medicinal Products." In Regulatory Toxicology in the European Union, 243–354. Cambridge: Royal Society of Chemistry, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/9781782622222-00243.

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Hansen, Mascha. "Medicinal Sociability: British Bluestockings and the Continental Spa." In British Sociability in the European Enlightenment, 63–84. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-52567-5_5.

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Raymond, Agnès Saint, and Anthony J. Humphreys. "Human Medicinal Products in the European Union: Procedures." In The Textbook of Pharmaceutical Medicine, 379–417. Oxford, UK: Blackwell Publishing Ltd., 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118532331.ch20.

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Dupuis, Bernard. "European Communities’ Committee for Proprietary Medicinal Products (CPMP) Working Party on Efficacy of Medicinal Products." In Developments in Cardiovascular Medicine, 255–58. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-2628-5_21.

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Edwards, Brian D., and Shelley Gandhi. "CHAPTER 4. Pharmacovigilance for Authorised Human Medicinal Products in the European Union." In Regulatory Toxicology in the European Union, 129–62. Cambridge: Royal Society of Chemistry, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/9781782622222-00129.

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Conference papers on the topic "The European medicinal leech"

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Baskova, I., and G. Nikonov. "LEECH PROSTAGLANDINS AND THE ENZYME DESTAB ILASE AS THROMBOLYTIC AGENTS OF THE PREPARATIONS FROM THE MEDICINAL LEECHES." In XIth International Congress on Thrombosis and Haemostasis. Schattauer GmbH, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1643037.

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The thrombolytic effect of the leeching of thromboflebits has been well known from the ancient time. It is provided by the propertiesof the salivary gland secretion though leech saliva does not show proteolytic activity and does not activate plasminogen to plasmin. Butin leech saliva we have found the enzyme destabilase (isopeptidase-glutaminase) which hydrolyze the crosslinked fibrin. This mechanism can be the basis of a new type of fibrinolysis. We have observed the high affinity of destabilase to fibrin that provides the dissolutionof thrombous in circulating citrate blood in experiments in vitro. The high affinity of destabilase to fibrin correlates with its high ability to bound L-lysine, which inhibits isopeptidase and glutaminase activity of destabilase. Using radioimmunoassay for 6-keto-PgF1 we have found prostaglandins in saliva and other preparations from the medicinal leeches:3400 pg/ml of leech saliva322 pg/mg of protein (the whole leeches extract)351 pg/mg of protein (the head region extract)63 pg/mg of protein (blood from the intestinal tract)But the leech prostaglandins in contrast to 6-keto-PgF1 has Strongly inhibited platelets aggregation stimulated by thrombin. The leech prostaglandins stimulate thrombolysis in rats after intravenous injection or oral administration. We have supposed that thrombolytic effect of leech prostaglandins is induced by the release of tissue plasminogen activator from vessel wall.In the experiments on rats it has been shown that thrombolytic effect of leech saliva and preparations from the medicinal leeches is provided by the summary effect of the leech prostaglandins and the enzyme destabilase. After the extraction of prostaglandins by ethylacetate thrombolytic effect is diminished by 4O per cent.
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2

Nikonov, G., and I. Baskova. "PROTECTIVE ANTITHROMBOTIC ACTION OF THE PREPARATIONS FROM THE LEECHES HIRUDO MED ICINAL IS." In XIth International Congress on Thrombosis and Haemostasis. Schattauer GmbH, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1643079.

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Blood letting effect of the medicinal leeches is provided by antihaemostatic properties of the salivary gland secretion. We have demonstrated that the natural salivary gland secretion inhibits the vascular-platelets haemostasis and the contact stage of the intrinsic mechnism of blood coagulation but has no effect on the activation of extrinsic mechanism (Bui 1.Exp.Biol.Med.USSR 97, 6, 696; 8, 142, 1984). Leech prostaglandins (Dokl.Acad.Nauk USSR, 1987) and inhibitors of plasma kallikrein and Factor XI la are the main anti haemostatic agents of the leech saliva.The leech saliva does not change the main parameters of blood coagulation of the healthy animals, such as recalcification time, cephalin time, thrombin and prothrombin time 5, 15 and 25 min after intravenous injection. But the platelets aggregation stimulated by thrombin is diminished by 20% (n=30;p 0,02) Recalcification time, cephalin time and platelets aggregation reduced by intravenous injection of human serum is corrected by leech saliva.As the trigger mechanisms of haemostasis are very much alike the trigger mechanisms of thrombogenes?s, we investigated antithrombotic ability of the leech saliva, extracts of dried leeches and blood of intestinal gut. We used Wessler procedure of throm-bous formation in rats.The thrombous formation was diminished by 90% compared to control when 0.3 ml of the leech saliva (diluted with saline 1:4) was injected intravenously 2-4 hrs before injection of human serum. Thrombous formation was diminished by 40% when time interval was elongated to 24-28 hrs. Antithrombotic effect does not depend on the antithrombin activity of hirudin. It slightly decreased in case of oral administration and increased after the multiple intravenous injections or oral administration.Blood from the leech intestinal tract and other preparations from the leeches exhibit less distinct antithrombotic effect than the salivatory gland secretion.
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3

Bazavluk, Ye V., R. T. Konechna, and O. V. Fedorova. "Prospective species of medicinal plants of the family Ranunculaceae in the flora of the Ukrainian Carpathians." In THE EUROPEAN POTENTIAL FOR DEVELOPMENT OF NATURAL SCIENCE. Baltija Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.30525/978-9934-26-006-3-1.

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4

Tian, Jianghong, Pan Han, Xiaolong Deng, Royce E. Lindengren, Geng Liu, Yan Ren, and Haibo Dong. "Kinematics and Hydrodynamics of Invertebrate Undulatory Swimming." In ASME 2018 5th Joint US-European Fluids Engineering Division Summer Meeting. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fedsm2018-83259.

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Dorsoventral undulation is adopted by aquatic mammals for propulsion. However, it is not too common to find invertebrate aquatic animals that undulate their bodies in the vertical plane, which results from antiphasic contractions of dorsal and ventral muscles. To explore the mechanisms of the soft-bodied propulsion, in this work, an annelid swimmer employing up and down undulatory swimming mode is chosen, and the related kinematics and hydrodynamics are studied using a combined experimental and computational approach. A fully calibrated photogrammetry system with three highspeed cameras from different views is used to record the forward swimming motion of this invertebrate swimmer, namely leech. The vertically undulating kinematics are then reconstructed from those videos. With the detailed reconstruction, the undulating wavelength and amplitude distribution the swimmer exhibits during propulsion are quantified. Kinematics analysis results show that the invertebrate swimmer swims in a vertical anguilliform mode and the wavelength is about 0.7BL (body length) when it swims at a velocity of 1.5BL/s. An in-house immersed-boundary-method based flow solver is used to conduct the numerical simulations, with which the hydrodynamic performance and wake structures are investigated. The thrust generation and power consumption of the undulating body are described quantitatively. Furthermore, along the undulating body, the pressure distributions are studied.
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Stones, Simon, and Des Quinn. "PARE0001 CANNABIS-BASED PRODUCTS FOR MEDICINAL USE: EXPLORING THE VIEWS AND EXPERIENCES OF PEOPLE WITH FIBROMYALGIA." In Annual European Congress of Rheumatology, EULAR 2019, Madrid, 12–15 June 2019. BMJ Publishing Group Ltd and European League Against Rheumatism, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/annrheumdis-2019-eular.8129.

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Da Silva, D., E. Rook, N. Semis-Costa, J. Mueller-Berghaus, and R. Vesely. "Fri0609 european medicines agency's guideline on the clinical investigation of medicinal products for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis." In Annual European Congress of Rheumatology, EULAR 2018, Amsterdam, 13–16 June 2018. BMJ Publishing Group Ltd and European League Against Rheumatism, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/annrheumdis-2018-eular.6853.

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7

Erimia, Cristina-Luiza. "PATIENTS� RIGHT TO HIGH QUALITY MEDICINAL PRODUCTS BY INTEGRATING THE CONCEPT OF SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT IN A RESPONSIBLE EUROPEAN MARKET." In 15th International Multidisciplinary Scientific GeoConference SGEM2015. Stef92 Technology, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.5593/sgem2015/b52/s23.100.

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8

Aravanopoulos, FA, EV Avramidou, A. Xanthopoulou, and E. Dalmaris. "Metabolomics, genetics and epigenetics analysis of European yew for the selection of antineoplastic taxol/taxane producing plant material in Greece." In 67th International Congress and Annual Meeting of the Society for Medicinal Plant and Natural Product Research (GA) in cooperation with the French Society of Pharmacognosy AFERP. © Georg Thieme Verlag KG, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0039-3399838.

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Dalmaris, E., E. Sarrou, S. Multari, A. Xanthopoulou, EV Avramidou, D. Mansuero, S. Martens, and FA Aravanopoulos. "Targeted LC-MS/MS analysis for the quantification of taxanes: assessment of chemodiversity in different European yew (Taxus baccata) populations from Greece." In 67th International Congress and Annual Meeting of the Society for Medicinal Plant and Natural Product Research (GA) in cooperation with the French Society of Pharmacognosy AFERP. © Georg Thieme Verlag KG, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0039-3399845.

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10

Babaeva, E. Yu. "PROTECTED PLANTS OF MOSCOW AND MOSCOW REGION AT THE PLOT OF FLORA OF THE EUROPEAN PART OF THE UIS OF THE BOTANICAL GARDEN ALL-RUSSIAN SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH INSTITUTE OF MEDICINAL AND AROMATIC PLANTS." In 90 лет - от растения до лекарственного препарата: достижения и перспективы. Москва: Федеральное государственное бюджетное научное учреждение "Всероссийский научно-исследовательский институт лекарственных и ароматических растений", 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.52101/9785870191003_2021_13.

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