Journal articles: 'The distribution of electric potentials'

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Olshanskiy, Vladimir, Dmitry Zlenko, Andrey Orlov, Alexander Kasumyan, Peter Moller, Eoin MacMahon, and Wei Xue. "Multielectrode registration of episodic discharges generated by weakly electric fishes." Izvestiya VUZ. Applied Nonlinear Dynamics 30, no. 2 (March 31, 2022): 239–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.18500/0869-6632-2022-30-2-239-252.

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Purpose of this study introduces a multielectrode array (MEA) registration system in order to generate electric field images of the episodic discharges generated by weakly electric fish. A multielectrode registration system has several important features: the design of the multielectrode lattice, the amplifier circuit, the choice of reference points for differential measurements, the recovery of the absolute values of the electric field potentials, and the application of principal components analysis. Methods. There are several advantages of our MEA registration as compared with the traditional twoelectrode registration: (a) the signal-to-noise ratio is significantly increased, (b) it is possible to construct the spatial distribution of the electric field for a single electric discharge, (c) the signals’ sources can be easily separated and identified, and (d) quantitative data on the electrical potential distribution can be obtained throughout the entire experimental tank. Results. The results illustrate an example of applied MEA registration. Electric discharges were recorded from a weakly electric catfish, Clarias gariepinus, using an array of 8 x 8 electrodes at a sampling rate of 20 kHz. Data show oscillograms and two-dimensional plots of the spatial distribution of the electrical field.

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Hirata, Koichi, Soichi Katayama, Kaoru Yamazaki, Masaaki Fujikane, and Kou Katayama. "Electric field distribution of event-related potentials in stroke patients." Brain Topography 8, no. 3 (March 1996): 279–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01184785.

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Mirbozorgi, S. A., H. Niazmand, and M. Renksizbulut. "Electro-Osmotic Flow in Reservoir-Connected Flat Microchannels With Non-Uniform Zeta Potential." Journal of Fluids Engineering 128, no. 6 (March 24, 2006): 1133–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2353261.

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The effects of non-uniform zeta potentials on electro-osmotic flows in flat microchannels have been investigated with particular attention to reservoir effects. The governing equations, which consist of a Laplace equation for the distribution of external electric potential, a Poisson equation for the distribution of electric double layer potential, the Nernst-Planck equation for the distribution of charge density, and modified Navier-Stokes equations for the flow field are solved numerically for an incompressible steady flow of a Newtonian fluid using the finite-volume method. For the validation of the numerical scheme, the key features of an ideal electro-osmotic flow with uniform zeta potential have been compared with analytical solutions for the ionic concentration, electric potential, pressure, and velocity fields. When reservoirs are included in the analysis, an adverse pressure gradient is induced in the channel due to entrance and exit effects even when the reservoirs are at the same pressure. Non-uniform zeta potentials lead to complex flow fields, which are examined in detail.

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Bestel, R., R. Appali, U. van Rienen, and C. Thielemann. "Effect of Morphologic Features of Neurons on the Extracellular Electric Potential: A Simulation Study Using Cable Theory and Electro-Quasi-Static Equations." Neural Computation 29, no. 11 (November 2017): 2955–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/neco_a_01019.

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Microelectrode arrays serve as an indispensable tool in electro-physiological research to study the electrical activity of neural cells, enabling measurements of single cell as well as network communication analysis. Recent experimental studies have reported that the neuronal geometry has an influence on electrical signaling and extracellular recordings. However, the corresponding mechanisms are not yet fully understood and require further investigation. Allowing systematic parameter studies, computational modeling provides the opportunity to examine the underlying effects that influence extracellular potentials. In this letter, we present an in silico single cell model to analyze the effect of geometrical variability on the extracellular electric potentials. We describe finite element models of a single neuron with varying geometric complexity in three-dimensional space. The electric potential generation of the neuron is modeled using Hodgkin-Huxley equations. The signal propagation is described with electro-quasi-static equations, and results are compared with corresponding cable equation descriptions. Our results show that both the geometric dimensions and the distribution of ion channels of a neuron are critical factors that significantly influence both the amplitude and shape of extracellular potentials.

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Soloviev, A. N., Thanh Binh Do, V. A. Chebanenko, O. N. Lesnyak, and E. V. Kirillova. "Vibration analysis of a composite magnetoelectroelastic bimorph depending on the volume fractions of its components based on applied theory." Advanced Engineering Research 22, no. 1 (March 29, 2022): 4–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.23947/2687-1653-2022-22-1-4-13.

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Introduction. Transverse vibrations of a bimorph consisting of two piezomagnetoelectric layers and located in the alternating magnetic field are investigated. Piezomagnetoelectric layers are multilayer composites with alternating piezoelectric and piezomagnetic layers. The mechanical and physical properties of such a composite are given by known effective constants.Materials and Methods. The applied theory of multilayer plate vibrations takes into account the nonlinear distribution of electric and magnetic potential in piezoactive layers in the longitudinal and transverse directions. On the basis of this theory, the stress-strain state, the dependences of deflection, electric and magnetic potentials on the volume ratio of the composition of the hinged bimorph, are investigated. The electric potential is assumed to be zero at all electrodes, while the magnetic potential is zero at the inner boundary and unknown at the outer boundaries. Therefore, the distribution of electric and magnetic potentials in the middle of the layer are unknown functions. In the case of the magnetic potential, the distribution at the outer boundary is also unknown. In the problem, the Kirchhoff hypotheses for mechanical characteristics were accepted. The use of the variational principle and the quadratic dependence of the electric and magnetic potentials on the thickness of piezoactive layers made it possible to obtain a system of differential equations and boundary conditions.Results. When the volume ratio of the composition of piezoactive bimorph materials changes, the electric potential in the middle of the layer changes nonlinearly. The magnetic potential in the middle of the layer and at the outer boundary increases almost linearly with an increase in the volume percentage of BaTiO3. The dependence of the deflection in the middle of the layer is determined.Discussion and Conclusions. An applied theory for calculating transverse vibrations of a bimorph with two piezomagnetoelectric layers is constructed. The dependence of the characteristics of the stress-strain state, electric and magnetic fields on the volume fractions of piezomagnetic and piezoelectric materials, is investigated.

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Zimmermann, Ulf, Cathérine Ebner, Yukun Su, Thomas Bender, Yogesh Deepak Bansod, Wolfram Mittelmeier, Rainer Bader, and Ursula van Rienen. "Numerical Simulation of Electric Field Distribution around an Instrumented Total Hip Stem." Applied Sciences 11, no. 15 (July 21, 2021): 6677. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11156677.

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Presently, total joint replacement (TJR) is a standard procedure in orthopedic surgery. Adequate osseointegration of the implant components still remains a clinical issue. However, active stimulation of bone tissue to enhance bone ongrowth at the implant surfaces has not been widely investigated so far. For the last several years, invasive electromagnetically induced osseotherapy has been employed in clinical practice, e.g., for the treatment of avascular necrosis, femoral neck fractures, and pseudarthrosis. In the present study, the approach of exploiting the electric stimulation effect was transferred to the field of TJR. Therefore, a commercially available total hip stem was instrumented with an electrode on its surface in order to generate an electric field supporting the regeneration of the surrounding bone tissue. The objective was to conduct numerical simulations validated by experimental investigations as a proof of concept for an instrumented electro-stimulative total hip stem. The results revealed that the calculated electric field around a total hip stem fulfills the requirements to stimulate adjacent bone tissue when using clinically applied electric voltages. The derived numerical and experimental data of electric potentials and corresponding electric fields are encouraging for the implementation of active electrical stimulation in uncemented total hip stems to enhance their osseointegration.

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Allam, M. N. M., A. M. Zenkour, and R. Tantawy. "Analysis of Functionally Graded Piezoelectric Cylinders in a Hygrothermal Environment." Advances in Applied Mathematics and Mechanics 6, no. 2 (April 2014): 233–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.4208/aamm.12-m1277.

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AbstractThis paper presents an analytical solution for the interaction of electric potentials, electric displacement, elastic deformations, and describes hygrothermal effect responses in hollow and solid cylinders, subjected to mechanical load and electric potential. Exact solutions for displacement, stresses and electric potentials in functionally graded piezoelectric material are determined using the infinitesimal theory. The material properties coefficients of the present cylinder are assumed to be graded in the radial direction by a power law distribution. Numerical examples display the significant of influence of material inhomogeneity. It is interesting to note that selecting a specific value of inhomogeneity parameter can optimize the piezoelectric hollow and solid cylinders responses, which will be of particular importance in modern engineering designs.

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Pichugin, P. I. "SOLUTION OF AN INVERSE PROBLEM OF FINDING SURFACE CHARGE DENSITY WITH A KNOWN ELECTRICAL POTENTIAL USING COMSOL MULTIPHYSICS." Electrical and data processing facilities and systems 17, no. 3-4 (2021): 39–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.17122/1999-5458-2021-17-3-4-39-48.

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Relevance Polymer materials capable of electric charge accumulation on their surface and in volume have wide application in a great number of applied problems of electrophysics and high-voltage engineering due to their excellent dielectric property. This property can be both an advantage (in electret manufacture), and a disadvantage (when using polymers as an isolating medium). Fundamentally important here is the need to characterize and control the degree of charge using the value of surface charge density which, however, can be determined indirectly through the electric potential only. When measuring the potential using a capacitive probe, difficulties arise in solving an inverse problem of converting the potential into surface charge density, since the relationship between these values largely depends on the geometry of the charged body and the capacitive probe. An effective and universal conversion method will greatly simplify the measurement of the surface charge density that will be helpful in practical tasks of electrical technology and operation of high-voltage equipment with elements made of polymer materials. Aim of research Aim of the research is to develop a technique for restoring surface charge density distribution according to a given measured distribution of electric potential created by the surface charge; give recommendations on how to achieve an optimal balance between accuracy and labor intensity of numerical calculations. Methods The problem is solved using numerical modeling in finite element method based software Comsol Multiphysics. With the help of the created 3D model containing the reproduced design of the capacitive probe and the charged examined material, the principle of the weight coefficients matrix formation is explained, through which the relationship between a discrete set of measured potentials and the unknown distribution of the surface charge density is subsequently established. Results An effective method has been developed to recalculate the known distribution of the electric potential from a charged surface into its surface charge density. The principle of constructing and setting the boundary conditions in the 3D model required for recalculation is shown. On the example of one given distribution of electric potential, the high efficiency of the method for obtaining the distribution of the charge density was shown. It has been established that the accuracy of the method increases with a finer partition of the charged surface into elementary charged areas. Recommendations are given on the use of methods for solving the arising systems of linear algebraic equations. It was also shown how to simplify the technique used in the presence of an axisymmetric distribution of the charge density.

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Pintér, Gábor, András Vincze, Nóra Hegedűsné Baranyai, and Henrik Zsiborács. "Boat-to-Grid Electrical Energy Storage Potentials around the Largest Lake in Central Europe." Applied Sciences 11, no. 16 (August 4, 2021): 7178. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11167178.

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With the dynamic growth in both the global hunger for electrical energy and the share of variable renewable energy sources in the energy mix, distribution networks are facing new challenges where conventional solutions may not be the best ones. The increase in load in distribution grids is routinely countered by network development and expansion, in a great part to supply for on-peak load demand, which could also be done by utilizing supplementary technologies to lessen the need for or defer such expansion. Vehicle-to-grid technology could efficiently contribute to handling this issue, as electric vehicles can potentially function as storage capacities to mitigate the fluctuations of power generation. The battery energy storage systems of hybrid or completely electric watercraft, which are becoming increasingly popular, are no exception, either. These vehicles represent a considerable potential to create more complex vehicle-to-grid solutions for countries with significant inland or seaport networks, for example, Hungary, with the largest lake of Central Europe. Since there is only deficient information on the topic, the main goal of this study was to explore the energy storage capacities of small electric boats in the context of Lake Balaton, Hungary. By this example, the paper presents the potential utilization of Europe’s significant network of sea and inland recreational ports for the purpose of energy storage. Similarly to other European countries, Hungary’s energy strategy for 2030 also includes the promotion of virtual production integration, local energy communities and micro-grid solutions. At the beginning of 2021, the small electric boats in the sailing marinas of Lake Balaton represented a cumulative energy storage capacity of 4.8 MWh, which may reach even 15.6 MWh by 2030, by the promotion of micro-grid solutions. The innovative novelty of this study is that it regards small fully electric boats not just as vehicles, but also explores their energy storage potentials. The novel goal of these examinations is to explore the volume of the energy storage potentials of the small fully electric boats around Lake Balaton, the knowledge of which may facilitate the creation of new types of flexibility services related to energy storage.

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Saunders, J. H., M. D. Jackson, M. Y. Gulamali, J. Vinogradov, and C. C. Pain. "Streaming potentials at hydrocarbon reservoir conditions." GEOPHYSICS 77, no. 1 (January 2012): E77—E90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/geo2011-0068.1.

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We have examined the behavior of the streaming potential under multiphase conditions, and under conditions of varying temperature and salinity, to evaluate the feasibility of using downhole streaming-potential measurements to determine fluid distributions in a reservoir. Using new insights into the pore-scale distribution of fluids and of electric charge, we found that the saturation dependence of the streaming potential coupling coefficient is important in determining the resulting streaming potential. Through examination of the four independent physical parameters which comprise the coupling coefficient, we developed an understanding of the behavior of the coupling coefficient under conditions of elevated temperature and brine salinity. We found that although increasing salinity substantially reduces the magnitude of the coupling coefficient, and therefore also the magnitude of the predicted streaming potential, increasing temperature has only a small effect, showing about a 10% change between 25°C and 75°C, depending on salinity.

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Wang, Qian, Xidong Liang, Ke Chen, Chao Wu, and Shan Liu. "Surface Charge Properties of Epoxy Composites under DC Voltage Affected by Surface and Bulk Conductivity." Energies 14, no. 2 (January 11, 2021): 370. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14020370.

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As DC transmission voltage increases, the DC wall bushing becomes longer, and a supporting insulator is introduced to keep the conductor straight. Under extremely high electric fields coupled with a thermal gradient, the surface charge of the supporting insulator may distort the field distribution and increase the risk of flashover. In this paper, surface potentials of three model epoxy resin composites were systematically investigated under varied voltage amplitudes, different voltage polarities and electric field distributions. The bulk and surface resistivity of the epoxy resin composites over a broad temperature range were measured to reveal the correlations between surface charge and such basic electrical parameters. The results indicate that the normal-dominated electric field plays the major role in charge accumulation. The processes of surface charge accumulation and dissipation are more closely related to the surface resistivity. As a result, the surface charge properties can be improved by optimizing the electrode structure and resistivity of the epoxy resin composites.

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Arefi, Mohammed, and Ashraf M. Zenkour. "Effect of thermo-magneto-electro-mechanical fields on the bending behaviors of a three-layered nanoplate based on sinusoidal shear-deformation plate theory." Journal of Sandwich Structures & Materials 21, no. 2 (March 29, 2017): 639–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1099636217697497.

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The nonlocal thermo-magneto-electro-mechanical bending behaviors of a three-layered nanoplate are presented in this study. The three-layered nanoplate includes a nano-sheet and two piezo-magnetic face-sheets at the top and the bottom. Temperature distribution is assumed linear along the thickness of the plate. The piezo-magnetic face-sheets are subjected to three-dimensional electric and magnetic potentials. The applied electric and magnetic potentials are applied at top of the face-sheets. The constitutive thermo-electro-magneto relations are derived based on the sinusoidal shear-deformation plate theory and nonlocal electro-magneto-elasticity. Using the principle of virtual work seven equations of the equilibrium are derived. The numerical results of this research indicate that some parameters have considerable effect on the bending behavior of three-layered nanoplate. Nonlocal parameter, applied electric and magnetic potentials, and temperature distribution are important parameters in this analysis.

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Chu, Xin, and Yongjun Jian. "Electrokinetic energy conversion through cylindrical microannulus with periodic heterogeneous wall potentials." Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics 55, no. 14 (January 6, 2022): 145501. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1361-6463/ac45ae.

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Abstract In microfluidic electrokinetic flows, heterogeneous wall potentials are often required to fulfill some functions, such as increasing dispersion and mixing efficiency. In this paper, we study the pressure-driven electrokinetic flow through microannulus with heterogeneous wall potentials in circumferential direction. The streaming potential induced by the ions accumulating in downstream of the microannulus is considered and the electrokinetic energy conversion (EKEC) efficiency is further investigated. Interestingly, based on the method of Fourier expansion, the analytical solutions of fluid velocity, streaming potential and energy conversion efficiency are derived for arbitrary peripheral distribution of the small wall potential for the first time. Four specific patterned modes of the heterogeneous wall potential, i.e. constant, step, sinusoid with period 2π and sinusoid with period π/2 are represented. The distributions of the electric potential and the velocity for four different modes are depicted graphically. Furthermore, the variations of the streaming potential and the EKEC conversion efficiency with related parameters are also discussed. Results show that when these integral values from −π to π associated with the wall potentials are identical, the streaming potential and the EKEC efficiency corresponding to different modes are the same. Additionally, the amplitude of fluid velocity peripherally reduces with the increase of the wavenumber of wall potential distribution in θ-direction.

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Hillion, Pierre. "Electric and Magnetic Potentials of Uniformly Accelerated Charge Distributions." Zeitschrift für Naturforschung A 52, no. 12 (December 1, 1997): 843–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/zna-1997-1202.

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Jefimenko gave recently [1] new expressions for the electric and magnetic potentials of uniformly moving, time-independent charge distributions. We discuss these potentials for uniformly accelerated distributions. As Jefimenko did. we implement two procedures either converting directly retarded into present position integrals or using relativistic transformations for a stationary charge in an instantaneous comoving inertial frame (Frenet-Serret tetrad). We discuss why, at the difference of what happens for uniform motions [1], both procedures provide different expressions for potentials.

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Millet, Pierre. "Electric Potential Distribution in an Electrochemical Cell." Journal of Chemical Education 73, no. 10 (October 1996): 956. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ed073p956.

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Li, Hui Hui, Zheng Zheng, Hong Bo Chen, Huan Bai, Hua Zhao Zhang, Jiang Jun Ruan, and Jun Wu. "Potential and Electric Field Distribution of 220kV Insulator String with a Faulty Insulator under Windage Yaw Condition." Applied Mechanics and Materials 521 (February 2014): 317–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.521.317.

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Faulty insulators could appear in the HV transmission line insulator string under the comprehensive effect of electrical, mechanical and environmental factors and they can be detected according to the space potential and electric field distribution variation characteristics around the insulator string. Finite Element Method (FEM) was used to study the potential and electric field distributions of a 220kV suspension insulator string contained a zero-value insulator in windage condition, comparing with a fine insulator string. The results show that the variation of the space potential and electric field distributions of insulator string is the same as that under no windage condition. The curve of synthetic electric field along the central axis around the good insulator string is U-shape. The 10th and 11th insulators from the high-voltage end are the sensitive insulators where the distortion ratio of synthetic field strength is higher than 3%, when a faulty insulator is in the string. This result can provide preferences for the online detection of faulty insulators.

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Zuo, Qi Yang, Huang Ping, and Glenn Kwabena Gyimah. "The Effect of Asymmetrical Electric Double Layer on Pressure of Hydrodynamic Lubricating Film." Advanced Materials Research 393-395 (November 2011): 1536–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.393-395.1536.

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In this paper, the effect of the asymmetrical electric double layers of two friction surfaces on the pressure distribution in hydrodynamic lubrication regime is discussed. Based on the origin of the streaming potential, a formula to calculate the streaming potential gradient in the lubrication regime is derived. Then, the modified Reynolds equation with considering the asymmetrical electric double layers is used in the numerical analysis. The analysis results show that the asymmetrical electric double layers lead to a significant increase of the pressure when the lubricating film is very thin (below 100 nm). Overall, the larger the sum of the two zeta potentials, the larger the pressure increment is.

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Zhang, Lei, and Yao Wen Yang. "Three-Dimensional Charge Redistribution of Ionic Polymer-Metal Composites with Uncertainty in Surface Conductivity." Advanced Materials Research 47-50 (June 2008): 379–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.47-50.379.

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In this paper, the three-dimensional charge redistribution of IPMC material under dynamic electric potentials with uncertainty in surface conductivity is studied. The governing equations of charge redistribution are derived from the Nernst-Planck equation, the Poisson equation, the mass conservation equation and the basic electrostatic equations. The surface conductivity is viewed as a Gaussian distribution. A travelling wave type analytical solution is obtained to account for the three-dimensional cation movement under the applied electric potentials.

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Ebrahimi, Farzad, and Mohammad Reza Barati. "Vibration analysis of embedded biaxially loaded magneto-electrically actuated inhomogeneous nanoscale plates." Journal of Vibration and Control 24, no. 16 (May 11, 2017): 3587–607. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1077546317708105.

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In this research, a free vibration study of a biaxially compressed magneto-electro-elastic functionally graded (MEE-FG) nanoplate resting on an elastic substrate is carried out according to a trigonometric plate formulation. Spatially graded MEE properties of the nanoplate are described according to a power-law distribution. Eringen’s nonlocal elasticity model is utilized to incorporate the small-scale influences. The distributions of magneto-electrical potentials in the thickness direction are considered as a combination of cosine and linear variations. The governing equations of the present plate model are obtained employing Hamilton’s principle. Some admissible functions are introduced to satisfy different boundary conditions and solving these equations. It is indicated that vibration frequencies of the MEE-FG nanoplate are dramatically affected by biaxial compression, magnetic potential, electric voltage, elastic substrate, small-scale parameter, and material gradation.

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Soroushian, M. "Potential distribution inside a closed cavity in terms of surface potentials." Proceedings of the IEEE 75, no. 4 (1987): 517–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/proc.1987.13758.

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Dellosa, Jeffrey Tamba. "Potential Effect and Analysis of High Residential Solar Photovoltaic (PV) Systems Penetration to an Electric Distribution Utility (DU)." International Journal of Renewable Energy Development 5, no. 3 (November 4, 2016): 179–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/ijred.5.3.179-185.

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The Renewable Energy Act of 2008 in the Philippines provided an impetus for residential owners to explore solar PV installations at their own rooftops through the Net-Metering policy. The Net-Metering implementation through the law however presented some concerns with inexperienced electric DU on the potential effect of high residential solar PV system installations. It was not known how a high degree of solar integration to the grid can possibly affect the operations of the electric DU in terms of energy load management. The primary objective of this study was to help the local electric DU in the analysis of the potential effect of high residential solar PV system penetration to the supply and demand load profile in an electric distribution utility (DU) grid in the province of Agusan del Norte, Philippines. The energy consumption profiles in the year 2015 were obtained from the electric DU operating in the area. An average daily energy demand load profile was obtained from 0-hr to the 24th hour of the day based from the figures provided by the electric DU. The assessment part of the potential effect of high solar PV system integration assumed four potential total capacities from 10 Mega Watts (MW) to 40 MW generated by all subscribers in the area under study at a 10 MW interval. The effect of these capacities were measured and analyzed with respect to the average daily load profile of the DU. Results of this study showed that a combined installations beyond 20 MWp coming from all subscribers is not viable for the local electric DU based on their current energy demand or load profile. Based from the results obtained, the electric DU can make better decisions in the management of high capacity penetration of solar PV systems in the future, including investment in storage systems when extra capacities are generated.Article History: Received July 15th 2016; Received in revised form Sept 23rd 2016; Accepted Oct 1st 2016; Available onlineHow to Cite This Article: Dellosa, J. (2016) Potential Effect and Analysis of High Residential Solar Photovoltaic (PV) Systems Penetration to an Electric Distribution Utility (DU). Int. Journal of Renewable Energy Development, 5(3), 179-185.http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/ijred.5.3.179-185

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Ogunboyo, Taiwo. "A Survey of Power Quality Enhancement in Distribution of System of Lines Using Distribution Static Synchronous Compensator." Science View Journal 3, no. 1 (April 15, 2022): 163–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.55989/babz6904.

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Distribution Static Synchronous Compensator (DSTATCOM) is a power electronics tool joined in parallel to the system of lines to mitigate the power quality disruptions such as electric potential swell, sag, electric potential imbalance, electric potential and current harmonics voltage spike, flicker, electric potential fluctuations related to the secondary system of lines.. DSTATCOM provides electric potential control and adequate mitigation for disturbances related with distribution of system lines in community. DSTATCOM is a3-phase device that produces/ take in the dynamic power which the final outcome can transformed suitable situation to deal with specific and accurate able to change quantity of the system of lines. This article offers a critical look to the researches on the DSTATCOM for energy quality enhancement in electric distribution systems. It explains the basic elements and configuration of DSTATCOM, the operation mode of DSTATCOM, principle of operation of DSTATCOM, DSTATCOM configurations, and DSTATCOM control strategies in the electric distribution network.

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Czarnecki, Andrzej. "Current distribution in an infinite plate." Canadian Journal of Physics 92, no. 11 (November 2014): 1297–300. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjp-2014-0136.

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Distribution of the electric potential in a very long plate (for example, a long metal ruler) is determined. This is achieved by conformally mapping the plate into a plane, simplifying the geometry of the boundary conditions. Singularities of the potential are discussed as well as their regularization by the final size of electrical contacts. An analogy with renormalization is pointed out. Results are compared with previous studies.

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Ritchie, J. M., and R. D. Keynes. "The production and absorption of heat associated with electrical activity in nerve and electric organ." Quarterly Reviews of Biophysics 18, no. 4 (November 1985): 451–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0033583500005382.

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SUMMARYAll living cells require a supply of energy from appropriate metabolic pathways in order in fulfill their physiological functions. A special function common to peripheral nerve fibres and the electroplates of the electric organ is the generation of electrical potentials and a consequent flow of current. A large fraction of their metabolism is therefore devoted basically to maintenance of the unequal distribution of sodium and potassium ions across the cell membranes on which their electrical excitability depends, and involves a consumption of ATP by the membrane-bound Na, K—ATPase system known as the sodium pump.

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Agnass, Pierre, Krijn P. van Lienden, Thomas M. van Gulik, Marc G. Besselink, Johannes Crezee, and H. Petra Kok. "Improving Prediction of the Potential Distribution Induced by Cylindrical Electrodes within a Homogeneous Rectangular Grid during Irreversible Electroporation." Applied Sciences 12, no. 3 (January 29, 2022): 1471. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app12031471.

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Background: Irreversible electroporation (IRE) is an ablation technique based on the application of short, high-voltage pulses between needle electrodes (diameter: ~1.0 × 10−3 m). A Finite Difference-based software simulating IRE treatment generally uses rectangular grids, yielding discretization issues when modeling cylindrical electrodes and potentially affecting the validity of treatment planning simulations. Aim: Develop an Electric-Potential Estimation (EPE) method for accurate prediction of the electric-potential distribution in the vicinity of cylindrical electrodes. Methods: The electric-potential values in the voxels neighboring the cylindrical electrode voxels were corrected based on analytical solutions derived for coaxial/cylindrical electrodes. Simulations at varying grid resolutions were validated using analytical models. Low-resolution heterogeneous simulations at 2.0 × 10−3 m excluding/including EPE were compared with high-resolution results at 0.25 × 10−3 m. Results: EPE significantly reduced maximal errors compared to analytical results for the electric-potential distributions (26.6–71.8%→0.4%) and for the electrical resistance (30%→1–6%) at 3.0 × 10−3 m voxel-size. EPE significantly improved the mean-deviation (43.1–52.8%→13.0–24.3%) and the calculation-time gain (>15,000×) of low-resolution compared to high-resolution heterogeneous simulations. Conclusions: EPE can accurately predict the potential distribution of neighboring cylindrical electrodes, regardless of size, position, and orientation in a rectangular grid. The simulation time of treatment planning can therefore be shortened by using large voxel-sized models without affecting accuracy of the electric-field distribution, enabling real-time clinical IRE treatment planning.

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Kaneko, Kazuo, Shinya Kawai, Toshihiko Taguchi, Yasunori Fuchigami, Hideki Morita, Akira Ofuji, and Hiroshi Yonemura. "Spatial distribution of corticospinal potentials following transcranial electric and magnetic stimulation in human spinal cord." Journal of the Neurological Sciences 151, no. 2 (October 1997): 217–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0022-510x(97)00135-4.

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Palov, A. P., Yu A. Mankelevich, T. V. Rakhimova, and M. R. Baklanov. "Dependence of electric potentials at trench surfaces on ion angular distribution in plasma etching processes." Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics 49, no. 10 (February 8, 2016): 105203. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0022-3727/49/10/105203.

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Zhou, Min Juan, Shi Jie Duan, Yan Ping Kong, and Shu Hong Liu. "Stress Distribution in a Piezoelectric Material with an Elliptical Hole Subjected to Remote Uniform Shear Mechanical and Electric Loads." Advanced Materials Research 97-101 (March 2010): 956–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.97-101.956.

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A two-dimensional electro-elastic analysis is performed on a transversely isotropic piezoelectric material with an elliptical hole, which is subjected to remote uniform shear forces, and remote electric field. Based on the impermeable electric boundary conditions, close form solutions are obtained by using the complex potentials method. Taking PZT-4 ceramic into consideration, the stress distributions around the neighborhood of the elliptical hole are given. It is shown that the hole geometry and the electric field are responsible for the shielding effect, there are sharp stress concentration near the hole.

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Sheng, Y. Y., G. A. Irons, and D. G. Tisdale. "Transport phenomena in electric smelting of nickel matte: Part I. Electric potential distribution." Metallurgical and Materials Transactions B 29, no. 1 (February 1998): 77–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11663-998-0009-y.

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Gauglitz, Philip, David Geiger, Jan Ulffers, and Evamaria Zauner. "Modeling public charging infrastructure considering points of interest and parking potentials." Advances in Geosciences 56 (September 8, 2021): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/adgeo-56-1-2021.

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Abstract. Considering climate change, it is essential to reduce CO2 emissions. The provision of charging infrastructure in public spaces for electromobility – along with the substitution of conventional power generation by renewable energies – can contribute to the energy transition in the transport sector. Scenarios for the spatial distribution of this charging infrastructure can help to exemplify the need for charging points and their impact, for example on power grids. We model two kinds of demand for public charging infrastructure. First, we model the demand for public charging points to compensate for the lack of home charging points, which is derived from a previously developed and published model addressing electric-vehicle ownership (with and without home charging options) in households. Second, and in the focus of the work presented here, is the demand for public charging infrastructure at points of interest (POIs). Their locations are derived from OpenStreetMap (OSM) data and weighted based on an evaluation of movement profiles from the Mobilität in Deutschland survey (MiD, German for “Mobility in Germany”). We combine those two demands with the available parking spaces and generate distributions for possible future charging points. We use a raster-based approach in which all vector data are rasterized and computations are performed on a municipality's full grid. The presented application area is Wiesbaden, and the methodology is generally applicable to municipalities in Germany. The model is compared with three other models or model variants in a correlation comparison in order to determine the influence of certain model assumptions and input data. The identification of potential charging points in public spaces plays an important role in modeling the future energy system – especially the power grid – as the rapid adoption of electric vehicles will shift locations of electrical demand. With our investigation, we would like to present a new method to simulate future public charging point locations and show the influences of different modeling methods.

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Kregar, Ambrož, and Tomaž Katrašnik. "Theoretical analysis of particle size re-distribution due to Ostwald ripening in the fuel cell catalyst layer." Open Physics 17, no. 1 (December 31, 2019): 779–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/phys-2019-0081.

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Abstract The limited durability of hydrogen fuel cells is one of the main obstacles in their wider adoption as a clean alternative technology for small scale electricity production. The Ostwald ripening of catalyst material is recognized as one of the main unavoidable degradation processes deteriorating the fuel cell performance and shortening its lifetime. The paper systematically studies how the modeling approach towards the electrochemically driven Ostwald ripening in the fuel cell catalyst differs from the classical diffusion driven models and highlights how these differences affect the resulting evolution of particle size distribution. At moderately low electric potential, root-law growth of mean particle size is observed with linear relation between mean particle size and standard deviation of particle size distribution, similar to Lifshitz-Slyozov-Wagner theory, but with broader and less skewed distribution. In case of high electric potential, rapid particle growth regime is observed and qualitatively described by redeposition of platinum from a highly oversaturated solution, revealing the deficiencies of the existing platinum degradation models at describing the Ostwald ripening in the fuel cells at high electric potentials. Several improvements to the established models of platinum degradation in fuel cell catalysts are proposed, aimed at better description of the diffusion processes involved in particle growth due to Ostwald ripening.

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Baag, Czango, and Deok Kyo Lee. "Absence of magnetic anomalies due to seepage‐induced “magnetoelectric effects” and implications for sulfide self‐potentials." GEOPHYSICS 54, no. 9 (September 1989): 1174–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/1.1442752.

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The magnetic field due to an azimuthally symmetric distribution of subsurface electric current, which may be associated with vertical hydrocarbon seepage, vanishes above the ground surface. However, geologic conditions in general do not provide perfect isotropic conditions, and, in theory, some magnetic fields can be generated by the magnetoelectric effect. Sedimentary rock sections are relatively isotropic, particularly in the stratigraphic plane. Thus, hydrocarbon seepage‐induced magnetic fields above the ground surface may never be significant, even if strong electric currents are associated with the seepage. All current‐generated magnetic fields, of whatever origin, must obey Ampère’s law; no line integral operation can distinguish a magnetic field having one origin from that of any other origin. Therefore, seepage‐induced magnetic anomalies, if they exist at all, are probably useless for hydrocarbon exploration because it is virtually impossible to distinguish them from other anomalies of unknown origin. Thus, even if hydrocarbon seepage is capable of producing oxidized and reduced zones, the significance of any generated electric currents is very doubtful. Since the seepage‐induced electrochemical model lacks a conducting mass in the columnar reducing zone and/or an electric barrier around the reducing zone, electric potential due to excess electric charges developed between the two zones would tend to dissipate.

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Firdhaus, Miftakhul, Ulya Farahdina, Vinda Zakiyatuz Zulfa, Endarko Endarko, Agus Rubiyanto, and Nasori Nasori. "Electric Field Distribution Analysis of Blood Cancer as a Potential Blood Cancer Therapy." Jurnal ILMU DASAR 22, no. 2 (July 12, 2021): 127. http://dx.doi.org/10.19184/jid.v22i2.19784.

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Blood cancer causes a significant increase in the concentration of Leukocytes, which can be broken down through dielectrophoresis and electrochemical procedures. Therefore, the electric field plays an important role in the migration of leukocytes to high voltage areas. This is because different electrode arrangements produce varying electric field distributions. Furthermore, this study applied finite element methods to generate electric fields when electrodes with an AC voltage were applied to blood placed in a chamber. Therefore, in this study, variations of mediums and electrode arrangements were investigated, which led to the recommendation of 3 models. The objective was to investigate electrode arrangements that produce optimal electric field distribution for the three models to exhibit a booster of electric field distribution. The maximum electric field is generated close to the electrode (Z=2 mm and Z=92 mm) for any material (i.e. normal blood, B lymphocyte, and T lymphocyte) with values of 22.6 V/m and 23.47 V/m, 22.85 V/m and 22.97 V/m, and 24.88 V/m and 25.01 V/m. Based on principle, lymphocytes in the blood result in positive dielectrophoresis, since they migrate to a higher electric field close to the electrode, with enough input voltage to turn the electrochemical process on the leukocytes into electric current. Furthermore, this study provides new perspectives and ideas, which have not been revealed in previous studies on blood cancer therapy using the electric field of Ag electrode in blood cancer distribution.Keywords: blood cancer, dielectrophoresis, electric field, voltage, electrochemical, and cancer therapy.

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Sun, Yung-Shin. "Direct-Current Electric Field Distribution in the Brain for Tumor Treating Field Applications: A Simulation Study." Computational and Mathematical Methods in Medicine 2018 (2018): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/3829768.

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Tumor Treating Fields (TTFields) in combination with chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy have been clinically reported to provide prolonged overall survival in glioblastoma patients. Alternating electric fields with frequencies of 100~300 kHz and magnitudes of 1~3 V/cm are shown to suppress the growth of cancer cells via interactions with polar molecules within dividing cells. Since it is difficult to directly measure the electric fields inside the brain, simulation models of the human head provide a useful tool for predicting the electric field distribution. In the present study, a three-dimensional finite element head model consisting of the scalp, the skull, the dura, the cerebrospinal fluid, and the brain was built to study the electric field distribution under various applied potentials and electrode configurations. For simplicity, a direct-current electric field was used in the simulation. The total power dissipation and temperature elevation due to Joule heating in different head tissues were also evaluated. Based on the results, some guidelines are obtained in designing the electrode configuration for personalized glioblastoma electrotherapy.

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Chen, Yong, and Jian Sheng Yuan. "Calculation of Single Conductor Capacitance by Estimating the Electrostatic Field." Advanced Materials Research 542-543 (June 2012): 1242–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.542-543.1242.

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The capacitance between two terminals of a single conductor working with time-dependent signals is defined by the amount of energy stored in the electric field outside the conductor. A simple approach for calculating the capacitance is presented in this paper, which only needs the computation of an electrostatic field. The approach is derived based on two assumptions, (1) the distribution of potentials on the conductor surface is almost the same, created by a time-dependent current and a direct current flowing in the conductor, (2) the distribution of the potential created by a direct current in the conductor can be modeled by an electrostatic field, in which the conductor is replaced by a dielectric with high permittivity. The approach is only suitable for low-frequency situations, where the displacement current and the inductive electric field can be disregarded.

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NURHAKIM, ASHADI AMIR, ROBBY IKHSAN AR RASYID, and WALUYO WALUYO. "Simulasi Berbasis MEH untuk Pemodelan Distribusi Potensial Listrik dan Medan Listrik pada Isolator Porselen 20 kV." MIND Journal 6, no. 2 (December 12, 2021): 132–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.26760/mindjournal.v6i2.132-143.

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AbstrakIsolator adalah suatu perlengkapan yang cukup berarti dalam saluran udara tegangan menengah. Distribusi potensial serta medan listrik di sekitar isolator ialah wilayah yang masih mendapat pengaruh sifat kelistrikan dari suatu muatan. Riset ini mengulas simulasi distribusi potensial serta medan listrik pada isolator tegangan menengah berjenis porselen berbasis metode elemen hingga (MEH). Metode ini digunakan agar memudahkan dalam mengukur pendistribusian potensial listrik dan medan listrik pada isolator karena merupakan salah satu metode numerik yang lebih praktis untuk memecahkan masalah elektrostatik. Dari hasil simulasi 3D diperoleh pola distribusi potensial listrik selalu mengikuti kontur dari isolator sedangkan untuk distribusi medan listriknya mencapai nilai tertinggi sebesar 5,3 kV/cm. Sedangkan dari grafik distribusi medan listrik terlihat lebih jelas bahwa stress medan listrik yang besar terdapat pada daerah koneksi antara isolator dengan konduktor serta isolator dengan ground.Kata kunci: Isolator Porselen, Medan Listrik, Metoda Elemen Hingga (MEH), Potensial Listrik.AbstractAn insulator is a fairly significant piece of equipment in a medium-voltage overhead line. The distribution of potential and electric field around an insulator is an area that is still affected by the electrical properties of a charge. This research reviews the distribution of potential and electric field simulations on porcelain-type medium-voltage insulators based on the finite element method (FEM). This method is used to make it easier to measure the distribution of electric potential and electric field on an insulator because it is one of the more practical numerical methods for solving electrostatic problems. From the 3D simulation results, the distribution pattern of the electric potential always follows the contours of the insulator, while the electric field distribution reaches the highest value of 5.3 kV/cm. Meanwhile, from the electric field distribution charts, it is clearer that the large electric field stress is found in the area around the insulator with conductors and insulators with ground.Keywords: Porcelain Insulator, Electric Field, Finite Element Method (FEM), Electric Potential.

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Tomita, Y., H. Koizumi, S. Uda, K. Fujiwara, and J. Nozawa. "Control of Gibbs free energy relationship between hen egg white lysozyme polymorphs under application of an external alternating current electric field." Journal of Applied Crystallography 45, no. 2 (February 25, 2012): 207–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s002188981200249x.

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The distribution of phases between bulk (tetragonal structure) and spherulitic crystals for hen egg white lysozyme was controlled under application of an external alternating current electric field. The distribution of phases differed depending on differences in the magnitude of the electrostatic energy contribution to the respective chemical potentials of the two solid phases. Therefore, the Gibbs free energy relationship between the two solid phases could be controlled by changing the frequency of the applied external electric field. Such a method of controlling the Gibbs free energy relationship among polymorphs would be adaptable to many kinds of protein.

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Zhen, Shao Hua, Li Bao An, and Chun Rui Chang. "Simulation on the Dielectrophoretic Assembly of Carbon Nanotubes." Advanced Materials Research 750-752 (August 2013): 328–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.750-752.328.

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Dielectrophoresis (DEP) has been verified to be an efficient means of assembling carbon nanotubes (CNTs) for various applications. This paper simulates the electric field distribution of the quadruple electrode structure when the external AC voltage is applied between a pair of opposite electrodes. There exist induced electric potentials between high voltage electrodes and floating electrodes and thus floating electrodes seriously change the field distribution. For a pair of wide parallel electrodes, the deposition of one CNT bridging the electrode pair will greatly alter the local electric field and repel the further deposition of CNTs in the vicinity. The screening distance is relevant with the width of the electrode gap, which provides a way to estimate the density of assembled CNTs between the electrode pair.

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Gao, You Hua, Fei Liu, and You Feng Gao. "Influence on Electric Field Distribution of GIS Basin Insulator for Insulated Material Epoxy Resin with Different Mean Molecular Weights." Applied Mechanics and Materials 130-134 (October 2011): 19–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.130-134.19.

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The insulation material epoxy resin mean molecular weight to its solidification electrical performance influence is discussed. In view of the bisphenol A epoxy resin with different mean molecular weights, Finite Element Method (FEM) are introduced and electric field calculation equations are established to calculate the field distribution of basin insulator and its around region in GIS. Representative potential distribution curves are shown. The tangential and normal electric filed intensity maximum of basin insulator is calculated. The positions of electric field intensity maximum are also given.

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Sadeghi, Soheil, and M. Reza Emami. "Large-scale altitude distribution profile of auroral parallel electric potentials: A statistical analysis of Cluster data." Advances in Space Research 64, no. 2 (July 2019): 378–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.asr.2019.03.043.

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Speranza, G. "Determination of the electric charge distribution in an amorphous material. II. Evaluation of the Madelung potentials and computation of the electric charges." Journal of Non-Crystalline Solids 341, no. 1-3 (August 2004): 10–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jnoncrysol.2004.05.007.

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Shang, J. Q., K. Y. Lo, and R. M. Quigley. "Quantitative determination of potential distribution in Stern–Gouy double-layer model." Canadian Geotechnical Journal 31, no. 5 (October 1, 1994): 624–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/t94-075.

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A quantitative determination of the potential distribution in the Stern–Gouy double-layer model for clay–water–electrolyte systems is presented. The surface potential, Stern potential, thickness of the Gouy diffuse layer, and distribution of electrical potential can be computed by knowing the required parameters, such as the cation exchange capacity, specific surface area, electrolyte concentration, and valence, temperature, and permittivity of the solvent (pore fluid). The factors influencing the potential distribution in the double layer are discussed. To demonstrate the applications of the Stern–Gouy model, two examples are presented. In the first example, the relationship between the double-layer thicknesses and hydraulic conductivities of a natural soil permeated by different organic compounds is established. In the second example, the electric potential distributions of three natural clays are presented. It is anticipated that the Stern–Gouy double-layer model will find broader applications in geotechnical and environmental engineering practice as the principles and computation methods become more familiar to engineers. Key words : Stern–Gouy electrical double layer, clay–water–electrolyte systems, soil behaviour, hydraulic conductivity, sensitivity.

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KARHAN, MUSTAFA, MUSA FARUK CAKIR, and MUKDEN UGUR. "ANALYSIS OF ELECTRIC FIELD AND POTENTIAL DISTRIBUTION OF EXPERIMENTAL SETUP FOR INITIATING AND GROWING VENTED TYPE WATER TREES USING FINITE ELEMENT METHOD." Journal of Science and Arts 20, no. 3 (September 30, 2020): 755–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.46939/j.sci.arts-20.3-c02.

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Water treeing phenomenon has an important and effective role in the service life of polymeric insulators used in the transmission and distribution of electricity. Water trees can be described as permanently localized degradations or damages that can occur in the presence of electric field and humidity. XLPE is widely used as a polymeric insulator material in medium and high voltage cable applications. An experimental setup was prepared to initiate and grow water trees artificially in a laboratory environment and the tests were performed in accordance with the actual values. The electrical and dielectric values of the test material were used for a detailed analysis with high accuracy. The magnitude of the electric field, which was defined by varying the distance between the water needles formed in the XLPE material and the aluminium plate electrode, has been analyzed for various conditions. After laboratory experiments, electric field and potential distribution were simulated and analyzed by FEM (Finite Element Method) using FEMM (Finite Element Method Magnetics) software package. Experiments revealed clearly, that even small changes in the shape of water needle can dramatically affect the electric field and hence the lifetime of the insulator. By using FEMM, both of these parameters (electric field and potential distribution) can be calculated rapidly with high accuracy. HVDC power cables play a significant role in electric power transmission, hence by using the previously described experimental setup, electric field and potential distribution were simulated and analyzed under DC voltage.

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Huang, Xiao-Jing, and Rong-Yi You. "Electric potential distribution near nanocone arrays on metal substrates." Chinese Physics B 21, no. 5 (May 2012): 057802. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1674-1056/21/5/057802.

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Zimbovskaya, Natalya A., and Eugene Mele. "Electric charge and potential distribution in twisted multilayer graphene." Journal of Applied Physics 113, no. 23 (June 21, 2013): 233705. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4811705.

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Wesam Al-Mufti, A., U. Hashim, and Tijjani Adam. "Effect of electric potential into conductance silicon nanowire distribution." Microsystem Technologies 21, no. 3 (May 13, 2014): 693–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00542-014-2149-0.

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Czekaj, D., E. K. Hollmann, A. B. Kozirev, V. A. Volpyas, and A. G. Zaytsev. "Electric potential distribution effects in dc diode sputtering discharges." Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section B: Beam Interactions with Materials and Atoms 36, no. 3 (March 1989): 316–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0168-583x(89)90674-5.

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Sun, Ze, Shigen Zhu, Weiwei Dong, Hao Ding, Yunfeng Bai, Yilan Luo, and Ping Di. "Geometric Influence of Hard Phase on Corrosion Performance between WC-Reinforced Coatings Prepared by High-Velocity Oxygen-Fuel Spray and Electric Contact Strengthening." Coatings 11, no. 6 (June 10, 2021): 694. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/coatings11060694.

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Several kinds of WC-reinforced coatings were prepared by high-velocity oxygen-fuel spray (HVOF) and electric contact strengthening (ECS), respectively, and their corrosion behaviors in 3.5% NaCl solution were investigated. The microstructure, element distribution, phase and corrosion resistance of these coatings were compared. The results showed that, compared with HVOF-sprayed coatings, the ECS-prepared coatings were denser and with lower porosity. Simultaneously, the ECS coatings that used raw powder commercial WC-12Co retained the original spherical geometry of the hard phase. In open-circuit potential measurements, these ECS coatings gave higher stable potentials (Eocp). In potentiodynamic polarization tests, although the corrosion currents (icorr) of the homogeneous coatings were approximately the same, these ECS coatings still exhibited higher corrosion potentials (Ecorr). The spherical geometric distribution of the hard phase led to a bounded diffusion model caused by the diffusion change of corrosion products.

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Zhu, Jiang Miao, Zhi Xin Li, and Ying Wang. "Simulation of Electric Field Distribution in Concrete of Pulse Electro-Osmosis Technology Based on ANSYS Software." Applied Mechanics and Materials 353-356 (August 2013): 1287–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.353-356.1287.

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Simulated electric field distribution in concrete by using of ANSYS finite element analysis software, researched influences of some factors on electric field strength and electric potential in concrete. Which include resistivity of cement soil and its electric field strength are inversely proportional and the electric potential distribution is less affected by resistivity changes, applied voltage is proportional to electric field strength and potential, the more the number of cathode induces the greater and uniform of the strength, electric field distribution within cement soil becomes sparse and its values are relatively smaller with the anode spacing increasing, electric field strength of cement-soil is more intensive and its distribution is more uniform and also its values is relatively larger with the decreasing of cathode spacing.

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Zheng, Jiaxuan, Siyi An, and Yongjun Jian. "Steric Effects on Electroosmotic Nano-Thrusters under High Zeta Potentials." Mathematics 9, no. 24 (December 13, 2021): 3222. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/math9243222.

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Here, space electroosmotic thrusters in a rigid nanochannel with high wall zeta potentials are investigated numerically, for the first time, considering the effect of finite size of the ionic species. The effect, which is called a steric effect, is often neglected in research about micro/nano thrusters. However, it has vital influences on the electric potential and flow velocity in electric double layers, so that the thruster performances generated by the fluid motion are further affected. These performances, including thrust, specific impulse, thruster efficiency, and the thrust-to-power ratio, are described by using numerical algorithms, after obtaining the electric potential and velocity distributions under high wall zeta potentials ranging from −25.7 mV to −128.5 mV. As expected, the zeta potential can promote the development of thruster performances so as to satisfy the requirement of space missions. Moreover, for real situation with consideration of the steric effect, the thruster thrust and efficiency significantly decrease to 5–30 micro Newtons and 80–90%, respectively, but the thrust-to-power ratio is opposite, and expends a short specific impulse of about 50–110 s.

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Journal articles on the topic 'The distribution of electric potentials'

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