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1
Hewitt, Sally. "Regionalisation and rural development in England." Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10443/1319.
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This is a study of the discourses of regionalisation and rural development in England. The thesis examines the impact of New Labour's period of regionalisation from 1997 to 2008 on the policy and practice of rural development. A Foucauldian inspired discourse analysis reveals the patterns of power relations between national, regional and local actors, networks and governance structures, contributing to our understanding of political change. Regionalisation has resulted in changes both to rural policy and the practices of governing. Previous studies have emphasised the contrast between the rhetoric of devolution and the extent to which the state retains control by extending its power to the devolved scale. A framework of four discourses combines these contrasting notions to form four discourses of the region – 'participatory development', 'administrative regionalism', 'participatory regionalism' and 'regional autonomy'. Non-government actors express their choices, captured in three discourses of response – 'buying into regionalism', 'reluctant regionalism' and 'local autonomy' – highlighting the complexity of regional/local power relations. The discourses illustrate regional difference and shed light on how and why divergence has taken place. The research was conducted through documentary analysis, and interviews in two case study regions of the North West and East of England. The discourses are drawn from the language of rural actors in each region. Employment as a rural development practitioner gave the researcher 'insider' knowledge and understanding, whilst the discipline of an academic and reflexive approach aided an 'outsider' view, with both identities contributing to the research. The research found some differences between English regions and between regional government agencies, as a consequence of devolution. Nevertheless, the discursive practices centre on realising state plans. Furthermore, regionalisation restricts the choices available to the local level, compromising capacity building and participation in rural development, long recognised by researchers as critical aspects of successful rural development. Local plans were formulated on the basis of a generic, homogenous territory, marking a fundamental change from previous territorial rural programmes.
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McKerracher, Mark James. "Agricultural development in Mid Saxon England." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2014. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:42a637f9-eac7-4a37-bc4b-20403dd7c974.
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Over the past decade, historians and archaeologists have become increasingly aware that the Mid Saxon period in England (7th-9th centuries AD) witnessed a transformation in agricultural practices. According to the emergent consensus, in contrast to the heavily pastoral, broadly subsistence-based mode of agriculture characteristic of the Early Saxon period (5th-7th centuries), Mid Saxon agriculture was geared towards higher levels of surplus production and placed a greater emphasis upon arable farming. The increased cultivation of bread wheat and the specialist production of sheep’s wool have been identified as particularly important innovations of this period. This thesis represents the first attempt to explore agricultural development in Mid Saxon England on a systematic archaeological basis. It considers settlement, zooarchaeological, and archaeobotanical evidence in detail, with a special emphasis on charred plant remains. The analyses utilize data gathered from excavation reports, published and unpublished, covering two case study regions: (i) the Upper/Middle Thames valley and environs, and (ii) East Anglia and Essex. In addition, a sub-assemblage of charred plant remains from a Mid Saxon monastic site at Lyminge (Kent) is studied at first hand. In this way, a series of agricultural innovations is identified in the archaeological record, including in particular: specialized pastoralism, an increased emphasis on sheep in some regions, an expansion of arable production, growth in fibre production, growth in cereal surpluses, a consequent investment in specialist storage and processing facilities, and a general diversification of crop spectra. These innovations were contingent upon, and adapted to, local environmental factors. The process of agricultural development is thought to have begun in the 7th century and continued through the 8th and 9th centuries, facilitated and stimulated by newly consolidated élite landholdings and, probably, a growing population.
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While, Aidan. "Regional partnerships and economic development in England." Thesis, Leeds Beckett University, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.366291.
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Morgan, Malcolm Edward. "Sustainability assessment of England's housing using open data." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2015. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.709279.
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Davison, Janet Ruth. "Integrated rural development in England : unrealised or unrealistic?" Thesis, Durham University, 1990. http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/6476/.
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In recent years, integrated rural development (IRD) has become accepted as a panacea to rectify shortcomings in the sectoral, largely uncoordinated, rural development system currently operating in England. IRD may be defined as a multi-sectoral approach to rural development. Individual and disparate policies are brought together and coordinated in order to form a comprehensive rural development strategy which takes account of, and where necessary, reconciles the social, economic and environmental needs of rural areas. This thesis examines, from an organisational perspective, the feasibility of pursuing integrated rural development. The primary task was to create a coherent conceptual model framework of IRD. The objectives were two fold: first, to identify the common parameters of IRD; the basic principles and strategies engendered in this development approach; second, to develop from these a critical platform from which to determine the relevance of the IRD concept to England's rural development system, with all its administrative complexity. Much of the enquiry has centred upon the study of inter-organisational behaviour, looking particularly at 'integrated' rural development initiatives in progress. The aim has been to identify the key factors which govern the relationships between organisations, especially those which appear to facilitate or hinder inter-organisational coordination. This institutional approach to the study of rural development has much to offer, both in terms of improving our understanding of the dynamics of England’s present administrative system and in the assessment of the potential for integrated rural development in the future. On this basis it is evident that IRD is in reality, far less convincing than the ideas which underpin it. Indeed, when taking into account contemporary organisational processes it becomes apparent that integrated rural development is not a viable development approach.
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Goodey, R. L. "The development of the mediaeval infirmary in England." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 1986. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.387845.
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Harrow, Jennifer Rosemary. "The development of university settlements in England, 1884-1939." Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 1987. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.287529.
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Spencer, Daniel. "The development of gunpowder weapons in Late Medieval England." Thesis, University of Southampton, 2016. https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/398051/.
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The present thesis is a study of the development of gunpowder weapons in Late Medieval England. This was a new technology that had reached Western Europe by the early fourteenth century, which had first supplemented and later supplanted traditional forms of artillery. The development of early firearms has long been recognised as significant by historians and has been identified as a key part of the military revolution hypothesis. As a result of this, gunpowder weapons are often discussed in general works on English military history but there is at the moment no satisfactory study on its long-term development in England. The aim of the present study is to rectify this gap in the literature by carrying out a thorough examination and comparison of the extensive surviving financial records for the English Crown and towns for the period covering the reigns of Edward III to Henry VII. This information will be analysed to determine how the use of guns on military campaigns, in towns, royal fortifications and on ships changed over time, as well as to assess what factors influenced the development of gunpowder weapons and to see if these changes constituted a military revolution. As a result of this research, it is now possible to establish a comprehensive narrative of how English gunpowder weapons developed throughout this critical period in the history of the technology.
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Bosworth, Gary. "Entrepreneurial in-migrants and economic development in rural England." Thesis, University of Newcastle upon Tyne, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10443/3591.
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Rural England is changing both socially and economically. A key trend of recent decades has been counterurbanisation - the movement of people from urban to more rural areas. Rural research has tended to focus on the implications of counterurbanisation for local rural people, rural services and lifestyles. Counterurbanisation has brought new people to rural areas, but also new wealth, ideas and business activity. With neo-endogenous approaches to rural development gaining prominence in advanced economies, this thesis focuses on in-migrant microbusiness owners as locally embedded individuals with extra-local connections. New analysis of an existing database of almost 1,300 microbusinesses in the rural North East was conducted to contrast the characteristics and economic contributions of businesses with local and in-migrant owners. This data was supplemented by in-depth personal interviews with a sample of 40 microbusiness owners, allowing questions about individuals' motivations and networks of relations to be explored further. Over half of rural microbusinesses in the North East are owned by in-migrants - defined as having moved at least 30 miles into their current rural locality during adult life. The research has found that, on average, in-migrant business owners have higher academic qualifications, are quicker to adopt new technologies and are more likely to use business advice organisations. They are also more likely to pursue business growth and they conduct more trade beyond the local region than local business owners. There is little difference in the number of staff employed by microbusinesses owned by locals or in-migrants. Microbusinesses with local owners also have slightly higher turnovers so it is important to recognise the value of all types of rural businesses. However, the data shows that microbusinesses owned by in-migrants account for 6% of full-time jobs in the rural economy of the North East and their stronger growth orientation implies that they will continue to be vital components of modern rural economies. Over time, in-migrants become embedded into their local communities, recognising the importance of local networks and relations for both business and personal needs. In some cases conscious, purposive actions are taken but valuable networks are also created passively, from the informal interactions of daily life. Local knowledge and the ability to trust and co-operate with local people are both valuable. Through this co-operation and integration, local people and businesses also benefit from exchanges of knowledge and opportunities. The thesis argues that what it terms "commercial counterurbanisation" is leading to the emergence of a diverse range of business activity in rural areas. With strong local and extra-local connections, these businesses are stimulating sustainable rural development which is, in large part, compensating for the decline in traditional rural economic activities.
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MacDonald, Roberick. "The use of planning agreements by district councils in England and Wales." Thesis, Oxford Brookes University, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.363448.
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Foster, Graham Paul. "'Middle-England diocese, Middle-England Catholicism' : the development of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Nottingham 1850-1915." Thesis, University of Hertfordshire, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/2299/14188.
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The thesis aims to chart the development of the Diocese of Nottingham from 1850 to 1915, and through a comparison with the historiography of the period, to show how far it correlates with the accepted norms of nineteenth and early twentieth century Catholic development. Methodologically, the thesis aims to pioneer an in-depth integrated study on the development of the Diocese of Nottingham from 1850 to 1915, a largely unstudied area as far as Catholics and Catholicism is concerned. The period studied commences with the Restoration of the Hierarchy, (1850), and terminates with the resignation of Bishop Brindle in 1915. There is a unity in the period chosen as it encompasses the Episcopacies of one Diocesan Administrator, Bishop William Bernard Ullathorne (1850-1, who was concurrently Bishop of Birmingham), and Bishop Joseph William Hendren, (1851-3), Bishop Richard Roskell (1853-74), Bishop Edward Bagshawe (1874-1901), and Bishop Robert Brindle (1901-15). While the thesis addresses the way the Bishops tackled the problems they faced on taking up their appointments, as well as the ways in which they dealt with the demands placed upon them by Westminster, the emphasis is on the broader Catholic community and the way it evolved. This is dealt with through a wide-ranging analysis which locates local developments within a national framework. While each chapter has a dominant focus for organisational reasons, the thesis aims is to show how matters inter-related, and subsequently affected the Diocese's developmental path. The overall outline of the Diocese's historical background between 1850 and 1915, is described through a study of the characteristics, aims and methods used by Bishop Ullathorne, and the Bishops of Nottingham, in their attempts to turn the Diocese of Nottingham from a 2 concept on paper in 1850, to being an important part of the cultural, social and religious landscape of the East Midlands by 1915. Succeeding chapters deal with ultramontanism and how it was uniquely interpreted locally, defining who comprised the local Catholic community, the evolution of a Diocesan political ethos, education, and anti-Catholicism: the latter may be seen as perhaps the example par excellence of the need for integrated studies. The primary sources used in this thesis bring new perspectives to the study of nineteenth century Catholicism, and their use greatly extends our knowledge and understanding of the period. This is especially true as they have not been applied before to an understanding of the Nottingham Diocese. Use has been made of around 80 newspapers (daily, twice weekly and weekly) and monthly magazines, both Catholic and Protestant, published across the Diocese, as well as national publications. In several cases, as in Nottingham and Leicester, their attitudes varied from being anti- to pro- Catholic, which meant a greater degree of balance in the understanding of events. Use was also made of newly available papers from the De Lisle, Gainsborough, and Howard families that have not been used before. Other material was personally collected from the descendants of nineteenth century families. In addition to papers from the Orders' Archives, the Westminster and Birmingham Arch-Diocesan Archives, the Vatican and other Diocesan Archives have been consulted, such as those at Northampton, Salford and Leeds. The Nottingham Archives provided material that has not been used before, including the extant papers of Bishops Ullathorne, Hendren, Roskell, Bagshawe, Brindle, and Dunn. Access was given to extracts from the Chapter Minutes and newly deposited material from priests who were active in the period. As well as explaining how the Nottingham Diocese developed between 1850 and 1915, the thesis deals with the differences noted locally between `Catholicism' and 3 `Catholic'. Attempts are made to explain the dichotomy noted; namely that while `Catholicism' entailed hatred and led to anti-Catholicism, individual `Catholics' were frequently admired and respected. The thesis will make an important contribution to our knowledge in a number of ways. Fundamentally, it is the only macro-diocesan study of its type. The newly available content will provide an increased data base for studies of nineteenth-century Catholicism. By synthesising the information, localised trends have been established which are compared to, or used to correct, generalisations portrayed in the historiography of secondary literature that currently exists. The newly available information can also be used to test some of the hypotheses used regarding Catholics. The structure of the thesis will hopefully lay down a model for further Diocesan studies.
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Fung, Chi-keong, and 馮志強. "Legacy and ephemerality of city mega-events: urban regeneration and governance in London 2012 Olympic Games." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2012. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B49885091.
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The concept of entrepreneurial city has remained relevant and popular since its first emergence several decades ago. Among the strategies adopted, hosting city mega-events is still widely applied by city governments to attract international visitors, businesses and investments. Alongside the software programs of the events, entrepreneurial cities will also prepare them with extensive construction and infrastructure projects, taking the opportunity to capitalize in the events and equally importantly fast-track the development and growth agenda with the political imperative generated.
Mega-event led urban regeneration emerges as one model under these entrepreneurially catalyzed agenda. As a commercially-focused and economically-oriented approach fundamentally built in the entrepreneurial strategy, hosting mega-event will lead to the formation of a growth coalition which profits from the increase in land exchange values resulting from the general urban growth process. The continuous strengthening of the coalition will eventually compromise the use values, which include the social network and the sense of community of the local residents affected by the development. The model therefore embodies an inherent conflict in delivering regeneration. The study examines this model using the perspective of urban governance and focuses on the power relation between the state, the private sector and the community involved in the regeneration process.
The current London 2012 Olympic Games, which positions itself a regeneration Games, is the latest and explicit attempt to apply this model. Following a series of other entrepreneurial regeneration initiatives in East London, the London 2012 Games represents another entrepreneurial initiative employing similar mechanisms of public-private partnership and privatization approaches, only with a far greater scale. The political imperative brought by the Games has prompted the proactive participation of the state in the common growth agenda shared by the coalition. With the political, legal and financial resources transferred from the government to the private sector to ensure a successful spectacle, the growth coalition following this mega-event is a state-led powerful one which contributes largely to its domination in the urban politics. Episodes of community displacement, disadvantaged residents in bargaining for future development plan, and compromised regeneration gains have been consequently observed in the Olympic site and its immediate surrounding areas. Affirming the inherent conflict embedded in the mega-event led urban regeneration model, the London Games risks deepening social polarization and gentrification. While the progress examined so far covers only the Games initiation and preparation stage, the governance approach can still be reverted in the coming legacy delivery stage to realize a genuine regeneration. This will depend largely on the new roles the state power will take in the on-going process of the Games.published_or_final_version
Urban Planning and Design
Master
Master of Science in Urban Planning
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Klebba, Kristen Courtney. "The development of Moorfields in early modern London." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2015. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.709241.
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Richards, J. H. "The treatment of inland flood risk in development plans and development control in England." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.510134.
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Kemp, C. J. "The Development of the Contractual Society in Early Modern England." Thesis, University of East Anglia, 2008. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.514257.
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Banham, John David. "Business development and banking in North East England 1755-1839." Thesis, University of Sunderland, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.361969.
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Wibberley, C. "The development and implementation of health promotion policy in England." Thesis, University of Manchester, 1989. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.277630.
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Das, Nandini. "Romance and the development of prose fiction in Renaissance England." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.421696.
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Merrett, Stephen Peter. "Historic flooding and valley floor development, Yorkshire Dales, Northern England." Thesis, University of Leeds, 2001. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.613420.
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Wright, Paul. "The function of ministerial development review in the Church of England." Thesis, University of Wales Trinity Saint David, 2009. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.683005.
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Hanley, Anne Rebecca. "Development and dissemination of venereological knowledge among English medical professionals, 1886-1913." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2014. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.708367.
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Phillips, Robert A. "Church planting in New England a historical survey of cultural development and interviews with church planting pastors /." Online full text .pdf document, available to Fuller patrons only, 2002. http://www.tren.com.
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Jupp, Peter Creffield. "The development of cremation in England 1820-1990 a sociological analysis /." Thesis, Online version, 1992. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?did=1&uin=uk.bl.ethos.283146.
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Arnull, Elaine. "The development and implementation of drug policy in England 1994-2004." Thesis, Middlesex University, 2007. http://eprints.mdx.ac.uk/7983/.
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This thesis is a study of drug policy in England between 1994 and 2004. It focuses on five areas: - how drug policy was developed, why partnership forms were chosen as the mechanisms by which to achieve implementation and the impact of that décision, the relationship between the centre and localities, partnerships as new forms of governance and whether institutional resilience has been observed. The research used a multi-method approach comprised of three components: a literature review; an analysis of documentary sources, including the three key drug policies, and original, empirical research. The latter was undertaken with two separate groups, the first responsible for drug policy development and the second for policy implementation. Tackling Drugs Together (TDT,1995) was developed by a small group of people who successfully exploited the opportunities open to them and who were observed to have used all of the 'factors' identified by Levin (1997) in their capacities, as civil servants, politicians and members of the voluntary and campaigning sectors. They were 'motivated' to achieve change (from their institutional, personal or organisational position) and used the 'opportunities' and 'resources' open to them to do that. They did not however form a 'policy network' (Berridge 2006; Duke 2002; Sabatier 1998; Wong 1998; Hughes 1997). Those developing TDT (1995) chose partnership forms (Drug Action Teams - DATS) as a mechanism for implementation, because they provided an answer in a complex social policy area, allowing a wide variety of organisations to be brought together. In addition, the concept was associated with newness and dynamism. The direction of drug policy, post 1998, is linked to New Labour's wider social policy perspective - incorporating a focus on communlty and social responsibility. On the whole, DATs have supportéd this direction. Their relationship to the centre has in general been positive, whilst responding to a strong performance management framework. DATs have accepted this for the benefits it brings; and highly functional DATs have learned to adapt policies to their own local needs. Their sophistication, functionality and structure indícate that they have become new forms of governance (Newman 2001). This does not mean however that the old institutions have disappeared; they have shown resilience (Klein 1993) and adapted to the changes, working within a partnership, performance management and regional framework. The thesis makes a contribution by focussing on drug policy development and implementation. Through the examination of the impact of the partnership and performance management approaches over a décade, it illuminâtes other social policy areas and New Labour changes, especially within the area of governance, developing our understanding of institutional change and resilience.
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Barley, Lynda. "Towards the development of ‘priest researchers’ in the Church of England." Thesis, Anglia Ruskin University, 2014. https://arro.anglia.ac.uk/id/eprint/346224/11/Thesis%20final%20Mar%202014.pdf.
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The Church of England is living through a time of significant change in attitudes towards local church ministry, congregational participation and pastoral practices. As it seeks to respond with integrity to changes in contemporary society the Church’s dialogue with empirical social research is beginning to develop more fully. This thesis focuses on a pioneer national project to explore the effectiveness of pastoral ministry in contemporary church weddings. The social science research methods used in this project revealed insights into the ministry of contemporary church weddings with the intention of shaping responsive parochial wedding policies. This thesis considers the potential for further local enquiry by individual marrying clergy to understand the ordinary theology (proposed by Astley) of their communities using methods of ordinary research alongside a shared reflective practice. It highlights the socio-theological interface within reflective empirical theology by pastoral practitioners in the Church.
A model of participatory action research incorporating online clergy forums and change agent groups is explored to stimulate parochial and institutional change among clergy in partnership with each other. The role of priest researchers is proposed and identified in other pastoral contexts to examine factors that motivate clergy to participate in the development of pastorally responsive national policies. A methodology of personal diaries, focus groups and one to one interviews is used to explore the responses of clergy to participating in reflective praxis.
The findings point to key factors in developing pastoral practice and policies involving the place of ministerial development and attitudes towards collaborative working. A typology of pastoral ministry is developed towards identifying priest researchers in the Church. The research affirms the contribution of pastoral practitioners towards the development of pastorally responsive national policies but the nature of parochial deployment and clergy relationships with each other and the Church institutions frequently preclude much of this contribution.
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Barley, Lynda. "Towards the development of 'priest researchers' in the Church of England." Thesis, Anglia Ruskin University, 2014. http://arro.anglia.ac.uk/346224/.
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The Church of England is living through a time of significant change in attitudes towards local church ministry, congregational participation and pastoral practices. As it seeks to respond with integrity to changes in contemporary society the Church’s dialogue with empirical social research is beginning to develop more fully. This thesis focuses on a pioneer national project to explore the effectiveness of pastoral ministry in contemporary church weddings. The social science research methods used in this project revealed insights into the ministry of contemporary church weddings with the intention of shaping responsive parochial wedding policies. This thesis considers the potential for further local enquiry by individual marrying clergy to understand the ordinary theology (proposed by Astley) of their communities using methods of ordinary research alongside a shared reflective practice. It highlights the socio-theological interface within reflective empirical theology by pastoral practitioners in the Church. A model of participatory action research incorporating online clergy forums and change agent groups is explored to stimulate parochial and institutional change among clergy in partnership with each other. The role of priest researchers is proposed and identified in other pastoral contexts to examine factors that motivate clergy to participate in the development of pastorally responsive national policies. A methodology of personal diaries, focus groups and one to one interviews is used to explore the responses of clergy to participating in reflective praxis. The findings point to key factors in developing pastoral practice and policies involving the place of ministerial development and attitudes towards collaborative working. A typology of pastoral ministry is developed towards identifying priest researchers in the Church. The research affirms the contribution of pastoral practitioners towards the development of pastorally responsive national policies but the nature of parochial deployment and clergy relationships with each other and the Church institutions frequently preclude much of this contribution.
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Fox, Adam Peter. "Aspects of oral culture and its development in early modern England." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1992. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/272724.
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Brown, Katharine Jessie. "Responding to global poverty : young people in England learning about development." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2015. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/10021961/.
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The purpose of this study is to explore how young people learn about global poverty and development. Its focus is on the process of learning, understood here as the way in which individuals respond to opportunities to learn about global poverty and development (e.g. in terms of emotion, cognition and behaviour) and the way these responses interrelate in the construction of understandings. The empirical element of this qualitative, constructivist research focuses on nine 12–15 year-olds living in the South and South East of England. Their perceptions of learning about global poverty and development, across a range of contexts, were explored through semi-structured interviews. This data was analysed using a model of learning developed by Jarvis (2006). This model was selected because of its resonance with themes within the empirical data and also within literature and research relating to global education, the academic and personal context of this research. The study proposes a slightly adapted version of Jarvis’ model which better reflects the way in which young people in this study learn about global poverty and development. This adapted model emphasises the role of young people’s emotional response to learning about global poverty, the relationship of this response to a behavioural or action response, and the significance of young people’s reflection on themselves in relation to global poverty and development. This research is unique in two ways: in applying learning theory directly to empirical evidence of young people’s learning about global poverty and development; and in applying Jarvis’ theory of learning to young people. In doing so it highlights the merits of drawing on the rich body of learning theory that exists to explore how young people learn about global challenges and contributes to wider debate about the ways young people learn and become themselves in today’s world.
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Parr, Ronald S. "Development of magnetotelluric processing and modelling procedures : application to Northern England." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/12772.
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The magnetotelluric (MT) method is a geophysical technique which uses observations of the naturally occurring electromagnetic (EM) field variations to determine the electrical impedance as a function of frequency. Owing to the variable signal and often high level of noise contamination, it is usual to collect large numbers of observations and perform parameter regression in order to gain reliable estimates of this Earth response function. It is then transformed into more interpretable, albeit non-unique, resistivity versus depth models. In the course of this study, the processing, modelling and interpretation of MT observations from Northern England are considered. This includes previously unpublished data as well as a re-examination of spatially more extensive measurements which were acquired during earlier investigations. Existing MT field equipment has been adapted to allow local and remote reference observations to be collected and the results show that the amplitude of the impedance is contaminated by a lower level of noise induced bias. In addition, the resolution of the resulting model of the near structure can be enhanced by supplementary D.C. resistivity measurements. Considerable attention is focused on the development of new methods for processing and modelling MT observations. In particular, the background theory and implementation of a robust and constrained method for the estimation of the impedance is described in some detail. This method is demonstrated on real and synthetic unreferenced observations and shown to improve the consistency and the reliability of the resulting response function by reducing the level of noise contamination. One dimensional models are obtained for 42 MT response functions from Northern England. These are computed using a new 'exploratory' parametric technique which not only aims to find the best fitting model, but also to investigate its range of uniqueness. Additional, more interpretative modelling methods are also developed to improve the consistency of the models from adjacent sites. An experimental procedure which uses the constraining information provided by 2-D gravity model sections is also considered. At a subset of the sites over the Alston Block and the southern margin of the Northumberland Trough a strictly 2-D MT model is derived.
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Sterling, Lorelei Rose. "The greening of Russell Square Russell Square as a lens on the historical development of early nineteenth century London /." Pullman, Wash. : Washington State University, 2009. http://www.dissertations.wsu.edu/Thesis/Spring2009/L_Sterling_042409.pdf.
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Leonard, Adrian Bruce. "The origins and development of London marine insurance, 1547-1824." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2014. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.707986.
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Zabik, Matthew J. "The Challenges of Planning for Rural Character: A Case Study from Exurban Southern New England." Oxford, Ohio : Miami University, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=miami1271796753.
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James, Peter Christopher. "Supplier development, actors and regional development : the case of Wales and the South West of England." Thesis, University of the West of England, Bristol, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.274089.
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Dyson, Matthew Niall. "Interfacing tort and crime : legal development in England and Spain since 1850." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2009. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.598718.
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The thesis explores the development of the mechanisms that have regulated the relationship between tort law and criminal law. It is a historical work, tracing development from the middle of the nineteenth century through to the present day. The work is also comparative, looking at the English and Spanish legal systems. Four points of procedural contact between criminal and civil law (particularly tort law) are taken and used to build a picture of how and why the relationship between these two areas has developed. The four points are: compensation in the criminal courts, transferability of criminal court determinations, chronological precedence of the criminal prosecution and the effect of criminal liability in curtailing or prolonging civil liability. Each of these forms a chapter, with a description and analysis of the law in each country buttressed by an introduction and comparative conclusion. Finally, these chapters are brought together in a general comparative conclusion. These four chapters are examples of three conceptual ways to link the civil and criminal legal domains: functional equivalency of the two domains in the compensation and transferability chapters; priority of one domain over the other in the precedence chapter and the extent to which one domain will use the other to solve a problem in its own domain is exemplified in the chapter on criminal law curtailing or prolonging civil liability. In general English civil law developed in a piecemeal fashion, responding to specific facts within cases, until the 1960s. Spanish law, on the other hand, created a quasi-tort regime administered by the criminal courts where a crime causes damage to a victim. In both systems similar legal outcomes have often resulted despite the different legal cultures and frameworks. In both there has been a high degree of resistance to change the rules once they have been established.
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Ross, Seamus. "Dress pins from Anglo-Saxon England : their production and typo-chronological development." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1992. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:3976b772-fccd-41fe-b8c7-f4ae08ac0295.
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This thesis examines the development, production and function of dress pins in Anglo- Saxon England. It proposes a dated typology for the mid-5th to the mid-llth century and notes the implications of this for discussions of contact and cultural interaction between England and other parts of Europe. Chapter 1 defines the parameters of the study, and describes the data that was assembled on Anglo-Saxon pins. An evaluation of the previous work on pins from Northern Europe (Chapter 2) is followed by an investigation in Chapter 3 of the methods and process of typological analysis. After arguing that one of the most important (and neglected) aspects of typological research is 'the process of study1 the chapter provides terminological definitions for the components of pins. Chapter 4 examines the problems, principal methods and developments in pin production and discusses how changes in method reflected changes both in fashion and metalworking techniques. Building on this, Chapter 5 defines the groups of pins that have been found on sites of the Anglo-Saxon period, including: (1) definition of the types and sub-types; (2) determination of their date ranges; (3) description of their distribution; and (4) suggestions about the origin of each type. In Chapter 6 the types are put into chronological order, to demonstrate which types existed simultaneously and how pins developed over time. The function of pins is considered in Chapter 7 and several tentative hypotheses are put forward. The final chapter draws a number of conclusions from the study including: (1) Anglo-Saxon pins display a great deal of insularity during all periods, but particularly in the 8th and 9th centuries; (2) while regionalism may have been a feature of 6th century pins, it ceases to be important by the 8th century when many finds from middle Saxon trading sites seem consistently to be the same types, suggesting that in addition to trade between England and the Continent and Scandinavia it is time to evaluate the micro-economic and information exchange networks in Anglo- Saxon England; (3) lastly it notes the problem of dissemination of artefactual analyses and the difficulties to be encountered in using typologies and it puts forward a preliminary proposal for the use of expert systems (computer programs that simulate human performance in specialist task areas) as a tool to distribute this information. An example of a knowledge base that might be used to disseminate the typology presented here, The Anglo-Saxon Pin Identification Assistant, is to be found in Appendix 2, as are several sample identification sessions.
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Long, Philip E. "Approaches and organisational forms adopted by local tourism development partnerships in England." Thesis, Sheffield Hallam University, 2002. http://shura.shu.ac.uk/3102/.
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A number of partnership arrangements involving public and private sector and community representation have been created in many countries in recent years with local and regional economic development, place marketing and regeneration remits. This research examines partnerships that are concerned specifically with the development of tourism in England. Various forms of partnership for tourism development in England and elsewhere continue to emerge and evolve in the early years of the 21 st century. This study investigates the pre-conditions, processes and outcomes of such partnership arrangements. The study also examines the political, environmental and socio-economic influences that may affect local tourism development partnerships in England. It does so through an integrated conceptual framework that combines theoretical perspectives on resource, and political and institutional considerations in an evaluation of such partnerships. The roles of individual partnership members are also evaluated. This study suggests that the conceptual framework developed for this research may be adopted for the analysis of tourism development partnerships elsewhere. This research involves the critical study of partnerships through the integration of both policy studies, and organisation studies perspectives. Theories developed to account for inter-organisational collaboration are given particular prominence in this research. Additionally, theories are also incorporated from political geography, and from institutional theory. It is shown that all of these approaches are relevant and applicable to the study of tourism development partnerships. Theories developed to account for organisational partnerships have been applied to empirical studies in a number of policy, locational and business contexts in recent years. However, there has been comparatively little work that has developed an inter-organisational collaboration theoretical framework in the study of tourism development partnerships. Therefore, this research contributes to knowledge in relation to an emerging and important subject in the field of tourism studies. The methodology in this study is qualitative, centring upon an intensive analysis of three local tourism development partnerships, including a pilot study, and involves the use of interviews with key actors and documentary analysis. Theories of interorganisational collaboration inform the research design and analytical framework and contribute towards the development of an integrated theory of partnerships in the context of tourism development. The approach adopted here is transferable to the examination of inter-organisational collaboration and partnerships both within and beyond the field of tourism. Therefore, the methodology developed for this research has considerable potential for substantive application elsewhere. The study concludes with a comparative analysis and evaluation of the findings from the three case studies in this research. The implications of these findings for future research on partnerships are highlighted. The implications of this study for the development of theory and methods for researching tourism development partnerships are also suggested.
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Oyebanji, Akanbi Olusayo. "Development of a framework for Sustainable Social Housing Provision (SSHP) in England." Thesis, University of Central Lancashire, 2014. http://clok.uclan.ac.uk/11321/.
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Sustainable social housing provision (SSHP) has become very important over the last few decades for the main objective of meeting housing needs. Despite this, there is evidence to suggest that SSHP has not been practiced successfully. A growing body of the literature shows that lack of an acceptable definition of social housing could contribute to the lack of political will for achieving SSHP. The overall aim of this research is to develop ‘a framework for implementing SSHP’. The aim was achieved through research objectives, including a critical review of the concept and identification of types of social housing and proposes a definition for describing it; examine the concept of sustainable development (SD) and its requirements for achieving sustainability in social housing provision (SHP); and examine the key constituents, barriers and recommendations for improving SSHP from economic, environmental and social perspectives. The methodology adopted for this research comprises a combination of the review of the extant literature, a qualitative content analysis and a quantitative questionnaire survey. The contents of the selected documents were grouped into three main categories – constituents, barriers and recommendations for implementing SSHP with economic, environmental and social key factors as sub-groups for each. Data gathered through the questionnaire survey were obtained from housing authorities (public sector) and housing associations (non-profit private sector) as social housing practitioners in England and were analysed using various statistical analysis, including ANOVA. Findings from the study assisted in ranking the key constituents, barriers and recommendations for the implementation of SSHP from economic, environmental and social perspectives, which are categorised into most critical, critical and less critical for achieving sustainability in SHP. The main factors that dominate SSHP include: affordability, adequate provision, adequate funding, economic design and planning, use of environmental friendly materials, effective land use, use of the renewable energy, reduction of waste, promotion of social cohesion, security of lives and property, etc. The outcome was used to develop a framework for improving the implementation of SSHP, which has been tested and validated. Although SD has become a dominant focus of research activities in recent years, studies undertaken for the development of a framework that tied constituents with barriers and recommendations for implementing SSHP are rare. The framework of this type can help to address various sustainability issues that militate against the achievement of sustainability in SHP. In order to achieve SSHP, the role of stakeholders, including social housing practitioners, governments/agencies, financial institutions and end-users are significant. The study concluded that there is a need to develop a framework for implementing SSHP with a strong recommendation that stakeholders should effectively address sustainability issues in SHP.
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Duke, Karen. "Containing contradictions : the development of prison drugs policy in England since 1980." Thesis, Middlesex University, 1999. http://eprints.mdx.ac.uk/10686/.
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This thesis is a study of policy networks in the development of prison drugs policy in England during the late twentieth century. Drawing on semi-structured interviews with key actors in the policy process, including civil servants and representatives from drug agencies, penal reform groups and professional associations, and an analysis of documentary materials, it examines the role and influence of policy networks in policy development. The thesis is multi-disciplinary in its approach, drawing on concepts, theories and research from a variety of disciplines including criminology, social policy, sociology, political science and public administration. The analysis is based upon the construction of a series of four case studies which correspond to the key phases in prison drugs policy development since 1980: 1980-1986; 1986-1993; 1993-1997; and 1997-. It explores policy development around drug treatment and throughcare, HIV / AIDS and drug misuse, supply reduction activities and security and control measures. The development of policy has hinged upon complex patterns of conflict, contradiction and convergence between treatment and punishment. Throughout the phases, particular policy networks have evolved around drug-related issues within the penal system, expanding and becoming more complex in their structure and operation over time. They have attempted to contain, balance and negotiate the contradictions within policies. This 'balancing act' or 'containment' has taken many different forms and has been shaped by several processes or forces: the way in which the drug problem has been framed and defined; the role of research, evidence and knowledge; and the impact of wider social political policy and institutional contexts. The conclusions of the thesis are: first, as prison drugs policy became more explicit and defined, the contradiction between treatment and punishment became more acute; second, the shift towards a more explicit policy was shaped by the activities of the policy networks, which in turn were influenced by changes in the drug problem, the role of research, and changes within the wider social political policy and institutional contexts; third, the role and power of the policy networks has varied over the different phases of policy development; fourth, in the process of engaging in policy development and attempting to contain the contradictions between treatment and punishment, the policy network around drug issues in prisons has changed shape with key players becoming incorporated by the state.
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Whittle, Jane. "The development of agrarian capitalism in England from c.1450 - c.1580." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.281888.
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Hilton, Claire Fiona. "The development of psychogeriatric services in England from circa 1940 until 1989." Thesis, King's College London (University of London), 2014. https://kclpure.kcl.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/the-development-of-psychogeriatric-services-in-england-from-circa-1940-until-1989(532085f3-bc50-4924-a3da-46ae6de1cde4).html.
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The clinical specialty of psychogeriatrics developed to provide dedicated mental health services for people over age 65, often treating people with complex combinations of mental, physical and social difficulties. Clinical reports in 1943/4 showed that physically and mentally unwell older people could benefit from active treatment, but the old age health specialties -geriatrics and psychogeriatrics - followed different paths of development. By 1970 there were about 200 consultants in geriatrics, but merely a handful of psychogeriatricians. Psychogeriatric services did not fit conveniently into policies and plans categorised as either psychiatric or geriatric, and suffered from lack of defined responsibility at all levels of health service management. Political, economic, demographic, legal, social, epidemiological, clinical and scientific factors influenced service development. Negative attitudes towards older people and unwillingness of society, including the medical profession, to provide actively for them were repeated obstacles. Tensions existed between doctors advocating better mental health services for older people and various influential committees nationally and locally. Debates over responsibilities and allocation of resources, and professionals’ attitudes towards the new psychogeriatricians and their specialty, contributed to its tortuous development. Leaders in the specialty showed determination, dedication, clinical acumen, organisational and research skills, and the ability to motivate and inspire others. In 1989, the Department of Health recognised psychogeriatrics as a medical specialty. By that time, specialist psychogeriatric services had increased substantially and were available to over 70% of the UK population. Until recognition, there were obstacles to providing appropriate specialist training for psychiatrists and the government did not collect relevant and specific data to assist with developing and monitoring services. Lack of data was associated with difficulty obtaining an equitable allocation of resources, despite clinical and epidemiological research indicating that dedicated, specialist-led services were needed and effective.
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Lane, Natalie F. "The Geomorphological Development of the Cotswold Hills, southern England: A Tectonic Perspective." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2007. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.487281.
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Scarp and Vale' topography is typified by the Cotswolds region with the present-day landscape being the aggregate of earlier tectonic movement and surface processes. The primary aim of this thesis is to disentangle these landscape components, the .feedbacks between them and their driving mechanisms. Modelling suggests that flexure, in response to denudational unloading, may account for ~35% of local Pleistocene relief. Shape-fitting, between the model and landscape observations, shows the local lithosphere to be relatively weak and the uplift to be spatially varying. River longitudinal profiles adjust to extrinsic variables, such as tectonic movement, base level change and climate fluctuation. Parametrisation of 66 Cotswold draining rivers revealed trends, in their concavity and steepness index, consistent with those of the modelled uplift. Similar trends were sought from geomorphic analysis of the fluvial sinuosity and basin hypsometry. There is a morphological control to channel sinuosity as it is found to be dependent upon flow orientation. A positive relationship is observed. between hypsometric integral and proposed uplift, for the dip-slope basins. The accumulated geomorphic evidence does not prove the flexure modelling results, however, they are consistent with it. Viscoelastic modelling calculates the rate of lithospheric relaxation. It predicts high ' initial uplift rates which decrease rapidly and the attainment of topographic equilibrium within ~2o-50 ka of unloading. This is significantly lower than the climate cycle duration of 100 ka. Linking this result with a terrace aggradation and incision model, a schematic model of landscape evolution is produced. This incorporates the regional background uplift, a fluctuating climate, and episodic incision to which there is a flexural feedback. It is concluded that the Pleistocene has experienced a number of 'incision - flexural uplift aggradation' cycles controlled temporally by the fluctuating climate.
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Dyer, Sarah. "Basal metabolic rate in pre-adolescent and adolescent children in Oxford, England." Thesis, Oxford Brookes University, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.363721.
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Camsell, Margaret M. "The development of a northern town in the later Middle Ages the city of Durham, c. 1250-1540 /." Thesis, University of York, 1985. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/59356826.html.
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Zürker, Matthias. "Promotion of regional development through inter-regional co-operation with the accession countries of the enlargement of the European Union : the example of the south west of England region /." Kaiserslautern : Techn. Univ, 2004. http://www.gbv.de/dms/bs/toc/476518547.pdf.
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Barlow, Richard. "The development of team-based organisation structures in public libraries in England, 1969-1986." Thesis, Loughborough University, 1987. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/27018.
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The development of team-based organisation structures in public libraries is traced through an analysis of the structures created in the county library authorities of Cambridgeshire, Leicestershire and Surrey, placing each stage of development in its social, political, economic, and professional context.
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Borschel, Audrey Leonard. "Development of English song within the musical establishment of Vauxhall Gardens, 1745-1784." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/26033.
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This document provides a brief history of Vauxhall Gardens and an overview of its musical achievements under the proprietorship of Jonathan Tyers and his sons during the 1745-1784 period when Thomas Arne (1710-1778) and James Hook (1746-1827) served as music directors. Vauxhall Gardens provided an extraordinary environment for the development and nurturing of solo songs in the eighteenth century. Here the native British composers' talents were encouraged and displayed to capacity audiences of patrons who often came from privileged ranks of society. The largely anonymous poems of the songs were based on classical, pastoral, patriotic, Caledonian, drinking or hunting themes. The songs ranged from simple, folk-like ballads in binary structures to phenomenally virtuosic pieces which often included several sections.
During the early years of vocal performances at Vauxhall (c. 1745-1760), the emphasis was on delivery of texts, sung to easily remembered melodies with little ornamentation and few florid passages. However, the coloratura style of Italian opera was assimilated and anglicized by Thomas Arne, his contemporaries, and later by James Hook.
In the 1770's and 1780's, composers continued to refine all the forms and styles that had been popular since the 1740's; this developmental
process was mainly technical. Vauxhall songs were composed with orchestral accompaniment and incorporated the techniques of the
Mannheim school. All the melodic, rhythmic, harmonic and orchestral devices of the era were available to the British composers, and they borrowed freely from each other and from the continental masters. While certain forms evolved more clearly in the 1770's and 1780's, such as the rondo, major changes were not observed in the poetry.
Vocal music at Vauxhall Gardens occupies a position in history as a steppingstone toward mass culture. Vauxhall ballads were printed in annual collections and single sheets by a vigorous publishing industry. When the Industrial Revolution caused the middle class to splinter into further groupings toward the end of the eighteenth century, the new lower middle class shunned the artistic pleasures of the upper classes and developed its own entertainments, which resulted in a permanent separation of popular and classical musical cultures, as well as the decline of Vauxhall GardensArts, Faculty of
Music, School of
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Oscarson, Damon B. "Conserving Vernal Pools at the Local Level: Implementing Best Development Practices in Four New England Towns." Fogler Library, University of Maine, 2009. http://www.library.umaine.edu/theses/pdf/OscarsonDB2009.pdf.
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Sato, Yoshiko. "Cultural learning of Japanese pre-school children in England : a comparative study on the development of 'self-regulation' between England and Japan." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 1995. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/10020235/.
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Hayes, Samuel James. "Strategic assessment in England and Scotland : analysing the contribution to sustainability." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2013. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/strategic-assessment-in-england-and-scotland-analysing-the-contribution-to-sustainability(dd2867b1-7928-405d-bbfb-6ba7dfbca135).html.
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Contributing to sustainable development is commonly noted as an overall goal for both Sustainability Appraisal (SA) and Strategic Environmental Assessment (SEA). Over a decade ago, EU Directive 2001/42/EC (SEA Directive) reinforced the need for strategic assessment of plans and programmes in the UK. However, the SEA Directive does not stipulate the methodological approach and, as environmental matters are devolved to the individual nations of the UK, implementation is varied. This research considers strategic assessment processes in England and Scotland and the implications of system variation upon the contribution made to sustainable development. Attention is paid to the purposes expressed for strategic assessment, the roles and relationships between actors and organisations involved and also the processes, practices and outcomes of SA and SEA. Two case studies of SA in England and two of SEA in Scotland as applied to development plans are analysed. A range of purposes for both SA and SEA are identified, including; regulatory compliance, identifying and documenting impacts, considering options and alternatives, allowing consultation, and informing and influencing plans. This research concludes that there exists variation between cases in the ambition held for strategic assessment, ranging from basic compliance to influencing plans. This research then focuses on the relationships between actors and organisations involved in SA and SEA with particular attention given to the role of assessment practitioners, planners and consultees. It is found that independence or ‘distance’, to provide legitimacy, and ‘closeness’, to enable influence, are both considered desirable features of the relationship between planning and assessment. In addition, overlap between consultation on both plans and assessment reports adds complexity to the role of consultees. Finally, this research concludes that strategic assessment influence is largely limited to marginal modifications to policy wording and explanatory text, including; strengthening language, increasing clarity, cross referencing to other policies and plans, and requiring lower tier assessments. Thus, strategic assessment fails to achieve more substantial influence, significantly limiting its ability to contribute to sustainability transition in development planning. A number of institutional barriers to increasing strategic assessment influence and contribution to sustainable development or sustainability are identified.
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Jacobs, Paul James. "A constructivist inquiry into the issues in the contemporary practice of playwork in England /." Digital version accessible at:, 1998. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/utexas/main.
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