Academic literature on the topic 'The Convention on the Future of the EU'
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Journal articles on the topic "The Convention on the Future of the EU"
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Dashwood, Alan. "The Draft EU Constitution—First Impressions." Cambridge Yearbook of European Legal Studies 5 (2003): 395–417. http://dx.doi.org/10.5235/152888712802784270.
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The convention on the Future of Europe, which came together in the spring of 2002, completed its work in June 2003. In the event, the various tasks that were set for the Convention by the Laeken Declaration of December 2001 on the Future of the European Union came to be subsumed in the overall task of devising a Constitution for the Union. A sufficient degree of consensus was achieved by the Convention to enable its President, Mr Valery Giscard d’Estaing, to present the outcome of the deliberations of the past 15 months, in the form of a Draft Treaty Establishing a Constitution for Europe, to the European Council of Thessaloniki. So it is through the proposed Constitutional Treaty (referred to hereinafter as ‘the Convention text’) that the specific objectives identified in the Nice and Laeken Declarations, such as those of re-legitimating the Union order and rendering the primary law of the Union more comprehensible to its subjects, now fall to be achieved.
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Dashwood, Alan. "The Draft EU Constitution—First Impressions." Cambridge Yearbook of European Legal Studies 5 (2003): 395–417. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1528887000004407.
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The convention on the Future of Europe, which came together in the spring of 2002, completed its work in June 2003. In the event, the various tasks that were set for the Convention by the Laeken Declaration of December 2001 on the Future of the European Union came to be subsumed in the overall task of devising a Constitution for the Union. A sufficient degree of consensus was achieved by the Convention to enable its President, Mr Valery Giscard d’Estaing, to present the outcome of the deliberations of the past 15 months, in the form of a Draft Treaty Establishing a Constitution for Europe, to the European Council of Thessaloniki. So it is through the proposed Constitutional Treaty (referred to hereinafter as ‘the Convention text’) that the specific objectives identified in the Nice and Laeken Declarations, such as those of re-legitimating the Union order and rendering the primary law of the Union more comprehensible to its subjects, now fall to be achieved.
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Kemmeren, Eric C. C. M. "Double Tax Conventions on Income and Capital and the EU: Past, Present and Future." EC Tax Review 21, Issue 3 (June 1, 2012): 157–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/ecta2012016.
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Double tax conventions on income and capital (DTC) build bridges between the economies of the contracting States. This paper discusses the position of DTCs in the EU based on two questions: (1) What was, is, will be, should have been, and should be the role of DTCs in the EU? (2) How did affect, does affect, will affect, should have affected, and should affect EU law DTCs? To answer these questions, the paper will look back, at the state of the art, and to the future. After setting a benchmark, it will discuss the past, starting with Art. 220 EEC Treaty (repealed in 2009), the Neumark Report (1962), the preliminary draft EC Multilateral Tax Convention on Income and Capital (1968), the Ruding Report (1992) and the European Commission's initiative on EC law and tax treaties (2005). The current position will primarily be discussed based on a number of issues addressed by the CJEU. The future will be discussed based on the recent Commission's communication on double taxation and the internal market and the instrument of a redeveloped EU Model Tax Convention. After fifty years of talk after the Neumark Report, it is now time for real and accurate actions within the EU in respect of DTCs. The paper ends with a call to the Commission and the Council to take the lead.
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Robinson, Paul. "Historical lessons for Europe's future in the wake of the EU Convention." Economic Affairs 24, no. 1 (March 2004): 5–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0270.2004.t01-1-00450.x.
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de Búrca, Gráinne. "Limiting EU Powers." European Constitutional Law Review 1, no. 1 (October 12, 2004): 92–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1574019605000921.
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One of the central issues arising during each of the Intergovernmental Conferences which has taken place since that of Maastricht, which inscribed the notion of limited conferred competences for the first time in the EC Treaty, has been the attempt to establish clear limits to the powers of the European Community and Union. The ‘delimitation of competences’ was placed on the initial post-Nice agenda of 2000 alongside only three other issues, and the ‘division and definition of competence’ was listed as the first of the pressing ‘challenges and reforms’ of the Laeken Declaration of 2001. No surprise, then, that this question was once again amongst the key questions for debate during the Convention on the Future of Europe, occupying the attention of at least two working groups (those on complementary competences and subsidiarity), and surfacing in many other political and academic debates on the proposed Constitution.
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Torkunova, E. A., and K. G. Zharinov. "Implementation of standards of the european convention on human rights regarding forced removal of aliens in the European Union law." Moscow Journal of International Law, no. 4 (December 31, 2020): 6–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.24833/0869-0049-2020-4-6-22.
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INTRODUCTION. The global migration crisis taking place in the world and especially within the European Union provokes debates regarding the necessity to change the current approaches to the regulation of migration issues. Thus, extensive work has been done in the recent years on the new future reform of the Area of Freedom, Security and Justice of the EU including the Common European Asylum System. Besides that, the Lisbon Treaty, which entered into force in 2009, provides that the European Union shall accede to the European Convention on Human Rights. Despite the failed attempt of accession in 2014 blocked by the Court of Justice of the EU, the European Union still must fulfill its obligation, which is bound to happen sooner or later. That is why the topic of the present article is of particular interest at the moment. However, it is important to clarify the understanding of certain terms used in the heading of the article. In particular, it should be noted that the term “aliens” in relation to the European Union legal order covers nationals of states that are not EU-members and do not apply the European Union law concerning migrants on other grounds (for example, due to the membership in the European Economic Area) and stateless persons as well. Further, the reader should take into account that the European Convention on Human Rights as an international treaty is not, strictly speaking, a source of EU law per se as the EU is not a party to the ECHR, at least so far. Therefore, the European Union is not directly obliged under international law to implement the ECHR. Nevertheless, the provisions of the Convention formed the basis for one of the most significant sources of the EU law – the so-called “general principles of the EU law”. Most of them were later codified in the Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union, which expressly stipulates that the meaning and scope of the Charter rights which correspond to rights guaranteed by the ECHR shall be the same as those laid down by the ECHR. It means that today the EU already shall comply with the Convention standards regardless of its non-accession to the ECHR as a collective party. Due to objective limits of the text volume the present article concentrates on implementation of the key substantive Convention guarantees concerning forced removal. Consequently, it does not cover the procedural standards laid down by Article 13 of the ECHR. Moreover, the research does not touch upon the general standards of Articles 3 and 8 of the Convention applied not only in the context of removals of aliens but also in other situations (e.g., regarding the conditions of detention). The aim of the present article is to evaluate the implementation of standards of the European Convention on Human Rights regarding forced removal of aliens in the European Union law and to suggest measures to ensure compliance with the Convention guarantees in case of detecting any problematic issues.MATERIALS AND METHODS. The research refers to the provisions of the European Convention on Human Rights, the primary and secondary EU law, the case-law of the ECtHR and the CJEU, the recent works of Russian and foreign scholars and also the Council of Europe handbooks. The methodological basis of the research consists of general scientific methods (analysis and synthesis, deduction and induction, classification, systematization, prediction) and special legal methods (comparative legal and formal-legal methods).RESEARCH RESULTS. Today the EU law thoroughly regulates such areas as granting international protection to third country nationals; determination of the member state responsible for examining an application for international protection lodged in one of the member states by an alien and his/her subsequent removal to this member state; removal of illegal immigrants to third countries and also the legal status of third country nationals who are family members of an EU citizen. The provisions of EU legal acts in this regard were formulated inter alia on the basis of the case-law of the ECtHR. Although the ECtHR has found violations of the Convention by the EU member states in a number of cases concerning the application of the EU law in the migration context (for example, within the framework of the Dublin system), all these violations were rather caused by exercising of discretionary powers by the member states than resulted from the content of the EU law itself. Moreover, the human rights-based approach used by the CJEU in the interpretation of certain potentially problematic legal acts (in particular, the Framework Decision on the European arrest warrant) contributed to the fact that the ECtHR has never come to a conclusion that the presumption of equivalent protection granted by the EU law (formulated in «Bosphorus Airways v. Ireland» in 2005) was rebutted in any cases regarding forced removal of aliens. Besides that, as of today in many aspects connected with migration the EU law provides broader protection that the Convention.DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS. The standards of the European Convention on Human Rights regarding forced removal of aliens have been success-fully implemented in the European Union law despite certain originality of how the Convention guarantees are incorporated to the EU legal order in general. This is confirmed, among other things, by the fact that the ECtHR has never come to a conclusion that the presumption of equivalent protection granted by the EU law was rebutted in any cases regarding forced removal of aliens. However, the theoretical possibility of rebuttal of the said presumption in future cannot be excluded and the whole concept of such presumption has been occasionally criticized. The time will show whether the future EU legal acts (in particular, those adopted in the course of the ongoing reform of the Area of Freedom, Security and Justice in response to the escalation of the migration crisis) will fully comply with the European Convention on Human Rights.
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Kingston, Suzanne, Zizhen Wang, Edwin Alblas, Micheál Callaghan, Julie Foulon, Valesca Lima, and Geraldine Murphy. "The democratisation of European nature governance 1992–2015: introducing the comparative nature governance index." International Environmental Agreements: Politics, Law and Economics 22, no. 1 (October 27, 2021): 27–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10784-021-09552-5.
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AbstractEuropean environmental governance has radically transformed over the past two decades. While traditionally enforcement of environmental law has been the responsibility of public authorities (public authorities of the EU Member States, themselves policed by the European Commission), this paradigm has now taken a democratic turn. Led by changes in international environmental law and in particular the UNECE Aarhus Convention (UNECE, United Nations Economic Commission for Europe Convention (1998). Convention on access to information, public participation in decision-making and Access to Justice in Environmental Matters (the Aarhus Convention), signed on June 25, 1998.), EU law now gives important legal rights to members of the public and environmental non-governmental organisations (“ENGOs”) to become involved in environmental governance, by means of accessing environmental information, participating in environmental decision-making and bringing legal proceedings. While doctrinal legal and regulatory scholarship on this embrace of “bottom-up” private environmental governance is now substantial, there has been relatively little quantitative research in the field. This article represents a first step in mapping this evolution of environmental governance laws in the EU. We employ a leximetrics methodology, coding over 6000 environmental governance laws from three levels of legal sources (international, EU and national), to provide the first systematic data showing the transformation of European environmental governance regimes. We develop the Nature Governance Index (“NGI”) to measure how the enforcement tools deployed in international, EU and national law have changed over time, from the birth of the EU’s flagship nature conservation law, the 1992 Habitats Directive (Directive 92/43/EEC). At the national level, we focus on three EU Member States (France, Ireland and the Netherlands) to enable a fine-grained measurement of the changes in national nature governance laws over time. This article introduces our unique datasets and the NGI, describes the process used to collect the datasets and its limitations, and compares the evolution in laws at the international, EU and national levels over the 23-year period from 1992–2015. Our findings provide strong empirical confirmation of the democratic turn in European environmental governance, while revealing the significant divergences between legal systems that remain absent express harmonisation of the Aarhus Convention’s principles in EU law. Our data also set the foundations for future quantitative legal research, enabling deeper analysis of the relationships between the different levels of multilevel environmental governance.
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Entina, E., and M. Entin. "EU Development in the Context of the Conference on the Future of Europe." International Trends / Mezhdunarodnye protsessy 20, no. 2 (2022): 51–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.17994/it.2022.20.2.69.6.
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The European Union is being dragged deeper into another systemic crisis, largely caused by itself. The EU usually saved face from the crises and got stronger, modernized, with broader powers vested by the Member States. Now the situation is different. The EU has hedged its bets. Using the tools of "deliberative" democracy, it held a Conference on the future of Europe, which is discussed in detail in this article. It was organized in a modern network format. Owing to it, the EU leadership was able to involve tens of thousands of people and all segments of society in the discussion of implementing the European project and deepening integration. According to their plan, such an impressive representativeness legitimizes in advance the widest range of recommendations approved by the Conference. Given these recommendations, the European Parliament, the EU Council and the European Commission can now draw any recipes for revitalizing what they are already doing, tightening their course and renewing the EU. They got a free hand, which they counted on: it will be difficult for opponents of reforms to go against the mandate of voters. Some of the measures proposed by the Conference have already been taken up by the EU institutions. Some may require amendments to the founding agreements of the integration bloc and the convening of a convention. The result could be a profound transformation in the way the EU is organized and functions. However, Brussels' plans seem to fall far from reality, contradict the interests of other world players and promotion of equal international cooperation and multilateralism.
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Nugraha, Ridha Aditya. "Preserving the Environment within the ASEAN Skies: Lessons from the European Union Emissions Trading Scheme." Hasanuddin Law Review 4, no. 1 (April 7, 2018): 15. http://dx.doi.org/10.20956/halrev.v4i1.1343.
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The United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change also known as the Kyoto Protocol has set up a framework to reduce carbon emission. The environmental issue is also being addressed at the international aviation sector through the International Civil Aviation Organization’s resolutions. As an international organization sui generis, the European Union (EU) has decided to take up a further step with the enactment of the EU Emissions Trading Scheme. The latter has obliged both EU and non-EU airlines to comply with its ambitious goal controlling aviation emissions. However, the legal framework had triggered international objections from legal perspective due to infringement towards the Chicago Convention of 1944 and the international customary law principles. Considering of the nature of the Association of South East Asian Nations (ASEAN) as an international organization without a supranational law order; as well as recent developments in regards to legal framework on emissions, the future of ASEAN skies from an environmental perspective seems uncertain. However, if ASEAN Emissions Trading Scheme shall take place, they should learn from the EU Emissions Trading Scheme past mistakes and the International Civil Aviation Organization resolutions to prevent non-discrimination towards non-ASEAN member states’ airlines from happening.
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Юмашев, Юрий, Yuriy Yumashev, Елена Постникова, and Elena Postnikova. "INTERNATIONAL LAW ASPECTS OF GERMAN COPYRIGHT LAW (GCL)." Journal of Foreign Legislation and Comparative Law 3, no. 4 (August 23, 2017): 93–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/article_598063fae98166.23072693.
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The article deals with international law aspects of the GCL. To this aim firstly the international conventions on copyright law are analyzed, in particular: the Berne Convention for the Protection of Literary and Artistic Works in the wording of the Paris Act of 1971, the Convention on the Establishment of the World Intellectual Property Organization of 1967, the Convention for the Protection of Performers, Producers of Phonograms and Broadcasting Organizations of 1961 and Aspects of intellectual property rights (TRIPS) 1994. There is also an analysis of the EU copyright law in terms of its correlation with the law of the EU member-states and an assessment of its evolution. It is emphasized that the core fact of origin of authorship is determined on the basis of the national legislation of the Member-States. Special attention is paid to the scope of the “principle of exhausted rights”. The article also touches upon the aspect of private international law. Particular attention is paid to the legal regulation of the Internet, including Internet providers, and its impact on the formation of the GCL. The problem of combating Internet piracy is also raised, as copyright infringement often occurs in relation to works published online. In addition, the article revealed what changes were made to the GCL to comply with EU law (including secondary law acts and the practice of the EU Court).
The result of the study is, among other things, the conclusion that special legal mechanisms should be developed to regulate new forms of selling works that have emerged as a result of technological progress and in the near future the Internet will undoubtedly form ways for the further development of the GCL. However, this process can negatively affect the leading role of the author as a creative person.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "The Convention on the Future of the EU"
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Klemenčič, Manja. "Governmental coalitions in EU institutional reform negotiations : the Convention on the Future of Europe and the 2003/04 Intergovernmental Conference." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.614319.
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Kuzum, Sinan. "The Making Of The Visegrad Initiative: Crises And Survivals, Dilemmas And Prospects." Master's thesis, METU, 2004. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12605707/index.pdf.
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This thesis aims to scrutinize the Visegrad Quadruple Initiative as a device of the Central European countries in the process of involving into the re-negotiations in Europe and in world politics. The thesis argues that the Visegrad group was built in order to respond the demands of changing Europe and Euro-Atlantic structures, and thus to overcome the double process of transition and integration. However that was not the only reason to launch the Visegrad regional cooperation. The group produced an affirmative discourse that its members are distinguished from the other countries in transition, so that they are constantly one step forward to &lsquoreturn to Europe&rsquo
. In the aftermath of the eastern enlargements of NATO and the EU alike, the original mission of the group, integration with the West, was achieved. That created a profound discussion about the survival of the group. As it is argued in this thesis, the group, as a prosperous and substantial regional cooperation, should rather continue to work in order to have more words to say in the re-negotiations processes. Another argument of the thesis is that the Visegrad group, taking Benelux group as a model in its continuity, is beneficial to produce a common foreign policy tendency among its members as long as the interests of its members are overlapping, otherwise the group is just being a political platform in which its members can share their views in such areas as regional regulations.
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Sinan, Kuzum. "The making of the visegrad initiative: crises and survivals, dilemmas and prospects." Master's thesis, METU, 2004. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12605719/index.pdf.
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This thesis aims to scrutinize the Visegrad Quadruple Initiative as a device of the Central European countries in the process of involving into the re-negotiations in Europe and in world politics. The thesis argues that the Visegrad group was built in order to respond the demands of changing Europe and Euro-Atlantic structures, and thus to overcome the double process of transition and integration. However that was not the only reason to launch the Visegrad regional cooperation. The group produced an affirmative discourse that its members are distinguished from the other countries in transition, so that they are constantly one step forward to &lsquoreturn to Europe&rsquo
. In the aftermath of the eastern enlargements of NATO and the EU alike, the original mission of the group, integration with the West, was achieved. That created a profound discussion about the survival of the group. As it is argued in this thesis, the group, as a prosperous and substantial regional cooperation, should rather continue to work in order to have more words to say in the re-negotiations processes. Another argument of the thesis is that the Visegrad group, taking Benelux group as a model in its continuity, is beneficial to produce a common foreign policy tendency among its members as long as the interests of its members are overlapping, otherwise the group is just being a political platform in which its members can share their views in such areas as regional regulations.
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Tondl, Gabriele. "EU Regional Policy. Experiences and future concerns." Europainstitut, WU Vienna University of Economics and Business, 2004. http://epub.wu.ac.at/576/1/document.pdf.
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The European Union's regional policy has become one of its principal policy areas: It accounts for a major share of EU's budget and is of essential interest for its beneficiaries, the Southern countries and the new EU members of 2004. Created with the ambition to reduce income differences between countries and regions in the EU, it did not only achieve success and thus has also repeatedly been criticised. This paper wishes to present the most important facts of EU regional policy as it developed during the past two decades. It starts with the historical development and discusses the major theoretical arguments which motivate EU regional policy. Consequently, the policy priorities, the so-called "objectives", are presented and the financial contribution made by the Structural Funds to old and new members is shown. The experience in objective 1 areas: Ireland, Spain, Portugal, Greece, the Italian South and East Germany, are discussed in detail. A look at the variety of regional problems in objective 2 areas follows. The paper concludes with the main arguments involved in the present drafting stage of the future EU regional policy. (author's abstract)Series: EI Working Papers / Europainstitut
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Ryngbeck, Annica. "EU NGOs’ impact on shaping the EU future migration and asylum policies." Thesis, Malmö högskola, Fakulteten för kultur och samhälle (KS), 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-23895.
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In 1999 the European Union (EU) defined for the first time common priorities in the area of migration and asylum. In 2014 the Justice and Home Affairs Council is deciding on the fourth multi-annual strategic guidelines. This thesis examines the role of non-governmental organisations (NGOs) in the EU influencing these guidelines through the European Commission public consultation, and their impact on shaping the future agenda for migration and asylum. While the EU has gained more competences in this field and increased legal protection standards across the EU, member states favour restrictive and security-oriented policies. EU NGOs represent a more liberal rights based approach, and having difficulties getting their points across. A step-by-step process tracing reveals the factors that enabled influence, such as a structured civil dialogue with opportunities for input. However, there were also elements disabling this influence, related to the disconnection between civil society and the Council, which partly undermined the purpose of the consultation.
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Al, Sajjan Sawsan. "GCC–EU interregionalism : challenges, opportunities and future prospects." Thesis, Brunel University, 2014. http://bura.brunel.ac.uk/handle/2438/10557.
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This thesis addresses the gap in the literature of the Gulf Cooperation Council and its distinct relations with the European Union by identifying the obstacles preventing the development of GCC–EU interregionalism, in two case studies: energy security and economic cooperation in the Mediterranean. By bringing an empirical application of interregionalism to the study of GCC–EU relations, the thesis draws an original comparison that is based on a Hettne and Söderbaum typology of regionness (2000) to determine the GCC’s and the EU’s types, levels of actorness and the subsequent type of interregionalism resulting from the interaction between their kinds. The theoretical construct of the thesis underlines interregionalism as a tool for consolidating the organisations’ identities and actorness and increasing their capacities at exerting influence within the changing dynamics in the regional and global theatres. In addition, this thesis sheds light on the obstacles that impede the development of interregional cooperation and the mechanism to overcome them. As such, the thesis considers the dynamics instigating the renewed interest in deepening GCC–EU interregional relations; outlines the tools available at the GCC and the EU, and highlights the implications of the Arab Spring and GCC–Asia ties on GCC–EU relations. By avoiding benchmarking the EU as a model, the thesis purports that cooperation in energy security is ongoing and is opening avenues for promising partnerships in renewables, energy sustainability and efficiency. On the other hand, the divergence in the organisations’ levels of actorness, economic strategies and the unwillingness to assess policies are major hindrances against a successful partnership in the Mediterranean. Asymmetries in actorness, bilateralism, the American influence and the growing GCC–Asia ties do impact the development of the relations; albeit, they do not impede the multilateral framework from producing unintended outcomes in other areas of the relations.
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Finckenberg-Broman, Pamela. "The Effect of EU State Aid Law on the Future of EU Investment Policy." Thesis, Griffith University, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10072/392041.
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On 1 July 2017, the Commission of the European Union (Commission) announced that investor state dispute settlement (ISDS) was dead. Apart from the fundamental public distrust of ISDS, its rejection by the European Union (EU) is a symptom of several underlying causes, the foremost of which is the need to protect the autonomy of the EU legal order and its right to regulate public policy objectives, as well as to avoid jurisdictional conflicts. With this backdrop EU state aid law, which enjoys public policy status, has emerged as a major example of the conflict between investor protection and the right to regulate. As state aid law imposes measures on the EU Member States that conflict with these states’ international obligations to foreign investors under bilateral investment treaties (BITs), they have become subject to claims and substantial liabilities. This dilemma can arise in any setting that involves the EU or one or more of its Member States. It also includes relations with non-EU countries, as the web of international investment agreements (IIAs) operates, in different forms, on an international scale.
Therefore, this dilemma and the EU’s responses to it is analysed through the different forms in which EU state aid law appears, dependent on the EU investment policy aspect utilised as a platform for analysis. Utilising a doctrinal analysis by studying, discussing and analysing the impact of EU state aid law on the EU Member States’ BITs and EU Trade Agreements, this dissertation provides an insight into the function and logic behind international treaties involving the EU’s competition and investment policy. This is done by utilising the research question: How does the European Union (EU) state aid law affect the future of EU investment policy in a global context? Further, this thesis puts forward three arguments in which EU state aid law is affecting the future of EU investment policy in a global context.
First, state aid law applies in the EU’s incorporation of clauses promoting fair competition and state aid policy in international trade agreements. Second, state aid law and policy has contributed to recent EU internal development, which led the EU Member States to terminate their bilateral agreements with each other (intra-EU BITs) by the end of 2019. Third, the EU has been working towards replacing the existing BITs between the EU’s Member States and third countries (extra-EU BITs) with the EU’s own trade agreements, which are aligned with EU legislation.
Essentially, this thesis golden thread is a debate on who gets to decide on the scope of state aid law now and in the future. In other words, is it the EU that sets the borders and the status of state aid law and policy law regarding investment protection or the international investment tribunals by their legal practice? Hence, this thesis offers a glimpse of a conceivable future of EU investment policy in a global context.
An analysis of the relevant literature, and observation of recent policy changes on its subject matter, as reflected in the Commission’s policy documents, the EU’s international agreements and declarations by the Member States, leads to the findings of this dissertation. A conflict situation that originated from legal conflicts within the EU, the EU experience of investment protection and state aid regarding intra-EU BITs, provided some lessons to learn for the EU organs. These lessons learned have found expression on a global scale. By incorporating fair competition and state aid policy in international trade the EU is reasserting that it is the EU that decides on state aid law and policy law regarding investment protection. Indeed, the EU is attempting to tame investment protection in such a way that fair competition and investment protection can peacefully coexist in international trade. Ultimately, the interplay of state aid and the EU’s investment policy within the internal market reflects on the external trade relations of both the Member States and the EU through this practice. Thus, state aid law affects and will continue to affect the future of EU investment policy in a global context.Thesis (PhD Doctorate)
Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
Griffith Law School
Arts, Education and Law
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Matheson, James Henry Edward. "Institutional capacity and multiple conditionality in ACP-EU development cooperation." Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 1997. http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/1484/.
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The negotiations for the Mid-Term Review of the Fourth Lome Convention marked the introduction of multiple conditionality - economic adjustment and good governance - into the Lome relationship. It placed additional demands on the two parties, giving rise to the essential concern of this thesis: do the two sides possess the requisite institutional capacity to meet those demands. The introduction was not a sudden development. The origins of multiple conditionality lay in the Pisani Memorandum and its proposal of policy dialogue. The path from the proposal to multiple conditionality was assisted by developments within the Lome relationship, including the unintended effects of ACP initiatives. This thesis is thus, in one sense, the history of the Memorandum's legacy of inverted conditionality through policy dialogue. It is also an analysis of the capacities generated by the Convention and their applicability to multiple conditionality. My analysis of bargaining, operational and instrumental capacities demonstrates a weak ACP capacity and an asymmetrically greater EU capacity. My initial conclusion is that the EU is much more capable of meeting the demands of multiple conditionality. However, it too faces limits on its capacity, especially in dealing with the sociopolitical aspects of governance. This recognition highlights an ignored factor: there is a second legacy of the Pisani Memorandum. In addition to the instrument of policy dialogue, the Memorandum identified institutional capacity as the means to help overcome the problems of development. The new tale of two legacies illustrates an EU emphasis on policy control at the expense of capacity building. It has failed to perceive the importance of the link, in the Pisani Memorandum, between the instrument and the means. It forces me to amend my initial conclusion: neither side is adequately prepared for the demands of multiple conditionality.
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Shimkova, Anna. "The EU press publishers' right: past, present, and future." Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Institutet för immaterialrätt och marknadsrätt (IFIM), 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-196750.
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This master thesis is dedicated to the press publishers’ right introduced by Article 15 of the Directive (EU) 2019/790 on copyright and related rights in the Digital Single Market. The article became one of the most debated provisions in the whole directive. On the one hand, the discussion was driven by EU press publishers because of thecommercial crisis in the traditional press publishing and news mediasectors. Press representatives began to express concerns about the free riding of press publications by content aggregators and search engines who usually reuse such contents for profit. On the other hand, service providers argued that press publishers would lose traffic to their websites, affecting the quality of the press and constrainingfundamental rights. This conflict pushed the press publishers to bringing these issues before courts, legislators and competition authorities. Since these complaints were not resolved completely, the only way to resolve the conflict seemed to be the introduction of the EU-wide related right.
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Hokin, Catherine. "Balancing burdens : redistributing responsibilities : the future of I.L.O. Convention 156 in Australia /." Title page, contents, and introduction only, 1991. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09AR/09arh718.pdf.
Full textBooks on the topic "The Convention on the Future of the EU"
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1961-, Shaw Jo, ed. The convention on the future of Europe: Working towards an EU Constitution. London: Federal Trust, 2003.
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Bossuyt, J. The future of EU-Africa development cooperation: With or without the Lomé Convention?. Maastricht: European Centre for Development Policy Management, 1995.
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Michalski, Anna. European Convention on the future of Europe: An analysis of the official positions of EU member states, future member states, applicant and candidate states. The Hague: Netherlands Institute of International Relations Clingendael, 2003.
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Brand, Ronald A. Forum non conveniens: History, global practice, and future under the Hague Convention on Choice of Court Agreements. New York, N.Y: Oxford University Press, 2007.
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Cross-border enforcement of claims in the EU: History, present time and future. Alphen aan den Rijn, The Netherlands: Wolters Kluwer Law & Business, 2009.
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Cross-border enforcement of claims in the EU: History, present time and future. Alphen aan den Rijn, The Netherlands: Kluwer Law Inernational, 2014.
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The future of Europe, revisited. Northampton, MA: E. Elgar, 2003.
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Great Britain. Parliament. House of Lords. Select Committee on the European Union. Government response: The stability and growth pact; EU-effective in a crisis; and the future of Europe : Convention Working Group-reports on defence and external action. London: Stationery Office, 2003.
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Stanley, Crossick, and Reuter Etienne, eds. China-EU: A common future. New Jersey: World Scientific, 2007.
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Huhges, Kirsty. Eastward enlargement of the EU: EU strategy and future challenges. London: Royal Institute ofInternational Affairs, 1996.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "The Convention on the Future of the EU"
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Duff, Andrew. "A Constitutional Moment." In Constitutional Change in the European Union, 103–18. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-10665-1_9.
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AbstractThe EU is approaching another constitutional moment when important strides can be taken towards fulfilling its original federal promise. The Conference on the Future of Europe should be followed up by a small reflection group tasked with preparing options for a new convention. We examine the concepts of strategic autonomy and sovereignty in the contemporary context. The agenda of treaty change is summarised, with the aim of installing, by 2029, a capable and discernible federal government of the EU.
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Maitland, Alison, and Peter Thomson. "Turning convention on its head." In Future Work, 33–48. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230354043_3.
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Schönlau, Justus. "Drafting the Charter in the Convention." In Drafting the EU Charter, 76–122. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230513495_4.
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Turksen, Umut. "Future prospects." In EU Energy Relations with Russia, 65–74. Names: Turksen, Umut, author.Title: EU energy relations with Russia : solidarity and the rule of law / Umut Turksen.Other titles: European Union energy relations with RussiaDescription: New York : Routledge, 2018. | Series: Routledge research in eu law: Routledge, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315174174-6.
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Schrijvers, An. "Poland and the EU Constitutional Convention." In Central European History and the European Union, 189–214. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230579538_13.
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Barrett, Scott. "The Future of Transatlantic Relations." In EU-US Relations, 43–44. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230503670_4.
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Deardorff, Alan V., and Robert M. Stern. "EU Expansion and EU Growth." In The Past, Present and Future of the European Union, 74–102. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230522862_5.
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Schout, Adriaan. "The Netherlands and the EU: Strengthening but Not Centralising the EU." In The Future of Europe, 81–84. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-93046-6_21.
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Kissack, Robert. "European Union Performance in the Maritime Labour Convention." In The EU in UN Politics, 231–49. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/978-1-349-95152-9_12.
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Binder, Clemens. "Developing future borders." In Emerging Security Technologies and EU Governance, 148–63. London ; New York, NY : Routledge/Taylor & Francis Group, 2020. | Series: Routledge studies in conflict, security and technology: Routledge, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780429351846-10.
Full textConference papers on the topic "The Convention on the Future of the EU"
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Majić, Helena. "THE CROATIAN CONSTITUTIONAL COURT AND THE EU CHARTER OF FUNDAMENTAL RIGHTS: A LIMBO BETWEN THE CHARTER, THE ECHR AND NATIONAL CONSTITUTION." In EU 2021 – The future of the EU in and after the pandemic. Faculty of Law, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.25234/eclic/18304.
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The Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union has been applied directly by the Croatian Constitutional Court since the decision No. U-I-1397/2015 (Act on Elections of the Representatives to the Croatian Parliament) rendered in 2015. Ever since it can be observed that the Charter has been consistently applied both in the proceedings of constitutional review in abstracto and in the proceedings initiated by a constitutional complaint (constitutional review in concreto), however, in a limited number of cases mostly concerning migrations or asylum.Therefore, this paper analyses the application of the Charter in the case law of the Croatian Constitutional Court and the method of interpretation pursued, with special reference to both its shortcomings and benefits. The paper also investigates the reasons for limited application of the Charter, even in those cases which would normally fall under the scope of application of EU law. The analysis indicates two distinct methodological approaches adopted by the Constitutional Court. The first one, where the Charter has been regarded as an interpretative tool only; and the second one, where the Charter has been found to be directly applicable vis-à-vis individual rights inferred from the EU law. The latter approach, first followed in an asylum case No. U-III-424/2019 (X. Y.), had raised new questions on interpretation of the Charter (with respect to the Croatian constitutional framework) in the cases where the Charter's applicability ratione materiae overlaps with the Croatian Constitution and the (European) Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms, which to the day, in contrast to the Charter, has been consistently followed and therefore legally internalised by the Croatian Constitutional Court. Therefore, the paper also elaborates a new methodological approach adopted by the Croatian Constitutional Court in finding a way out of „limbo“ between the Charter, the ECHR, and the Croatian Constitution.
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Kamber, Krešimir, and Lana Kovačić Markić. "ADMINISTRATION OF JUSTICE DURING THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC AND THE RIGHT TO A FAIR TRIAL." In EU 2021 – The future of the EU in and after the pandemic. Faculty of Law, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.25234/eclic/18363.
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On 11 March 2020 the World Health Organization announced the Covid-19 (coronavirus) to be a pandemic. To combat the pandemic, many countries had to adopt emergency measures and some of these measures have affected the judicial system, especially the functioning of courts. The pandemic has been characterised as far as the judiciary is concerned by complete or partial closure of court buildings for the parties and for the public. It is clear that the functioning of national judicial systems has been severely disrupted. This limited functioning of courts impacted the individuals’ right to a fair trial guaranteed, in particular, under Article 6 of the European Convention on Human Rights. The aim of this article is to examine the manner of the administration of justice during the Covid pandemic and its impact on the due process guarantees. Focus is put on the extent to which different Covid measures, in particular remote access to justice and online hearings have impacted the guarantees of the right to a fair trial and the due process guarantees in general, notably in detention cases. In this connection, the article provides a comparative overview of the functioning of the European legal systems during the pandemic. It also looks into the way in which the two European courts – the European Court of Human Rights and the Court of Justice of the European Union functioned, as well as the way in which the Croatian courts, including the Constitutional Court, organised their work during the pandemic. The article then provides an insight into the issue of online/remote hearings in the case-law of the European Court of Human Rights and in the Croatian Constitutional Court’s case-law. On the basis of this assessment, the article identifies the differences in the use of remote/online hearings between and within jurisdictions. In conclusion, the article points to some critical considerations that should be taken into account when devising the manner in which any Covid pandemic experience with the administration of justice (notably with regard to remote/online hearings) can be taken forward.
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Drventić, Martina. "COVID-19 CHALLENGES TO THE CHILD ABDUCTION PROCEEDINGS." In EU 2021 – The future of the EU in and after the pandemic. Faculty of Law, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.25234/eclic/18323.
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While creating a new notion of everyday life, the COVID-19 pandemic also affects the resolution of cross-border family disputes, including the international child abduction cases. The return of an abducted child to the country of his or her habitual residence is challenged by travel restrictions, international border closures, quarantine measures, but also by closed courts or cancelled hearings. Those new circumstances that befell the whole world underline two issues considering child abduction proceedings. The first one considers access to justice in terms of a mere possibility of the applicant to initiate the return proceeding and, where the procedure is initiated, in terms of the manner of conducting the procedure. The legislation requires a quick initiation and a summary resolution of child abduction proceedings, which is crucial to ensuring the best interests and well-being of a child. This includes the obligation of the court to hear both the child and the applicant. Secondly, it is to be expected that COVID-19 will be used as a reason for child abduction and increasingly as justification for issuing non-return orders seen as a “grave risk” to the child under Article 13(1)(b) of the Child Abduction Convention. By analysing court practice from the beginning of the pandemic in March 2020 to March 2021, the research will investigate how the pandemic has affected child abduction proceedings in Croatia. Available national practice of other contracting states will also be examined. The aim of the research is to evaluate whether there were obstacles in accessing the national competent authorities and courts during the COVID-19 pandemic, and in which manner the courts conducted the proceedings and interpreted the existence of the pandemic in the context of the grave risk of harm exception. The analyses of Croatian and other national practices will be used to gain an overall insight into the effectiveness of the emerging guidance and suggest their possible broadening in COVID-19 circumstances or any other future crises.
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Rittossa, Dalida. "THE INSTITUTE OF VULNERABILITY IN THE TIME OF COVID-19 PANDEMIC: ALL SHADES OF THE HUMAN RIGHTS SPECTRUM." In EU 2021 – The future of the EU in and after the pandemic. Faculty of Law, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.25234/eclic/18354.
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The vulnerability thesis is one of the most important legal concepts in contemporary legal theory. Apart from being studied by legal scholars, the notion of vulnerability has been embodied in concrete legal rules and transferred to national case law allowing courts to set its boundaries by the power of judicial interpretation. Even though it would be hard to contest Schroeder and Gefenas’s statement that it is not necessary for an academic to say what vulnerability is because common sense dictates the existence of it, recent scholarly analysis clearly shows that the concept itself has become intolerably vague and slippery. More precisely, it is not quite clear what the essence of vulnerability is and what the effects of its gradation as well as repercussions are on other constitutional institutes across the human rights spectrum. The noted vagueness poses a great concern, particularly in the time of COVID-19, the greatest social stressor that humanity has faced in recent months. The COVID-19 crisis has had untold consequences on our health, mental well-being, educational growth, and economic stability. In order for the state to bear the COVID-19 social burden and adequately protect the vulnerable, it is of the utmost importance to set clear guidance for the interpretation and implementation of the vulnerability concept. Seeking to contribute to literature on these issues, the author brings light to constitutional and criminal legal standards on vulnerability set within the current jurisprudence and doctrine. Bearing in mind the influence of the European Court of Human Rights (hereinafter, the ECtHR or the Court) on developments in human rights law, 196 judgments related to vulnerability have been retrieved from the HUDOC database using a keywords search strategy. The quantitative analysis was supplemented with more in-depth qualitative linguistic research of the Court’s reasoning in cases concerning vulnerable children, persons suffering from mental illness and victims of family violence. Although the vulnerability reasoning has considerably expended their rights within the ambit of the Convention, the analysis has shown that inconsistencies and ambiguities emerge around the formulation of the applicant’s vulnerability and its gradation with respect to positive obligations. The full creative and transformative potential of the institute of vulnerability is yet to be realized.
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Zdravković, Ana. "FEW QUESTIONS YET TO BE ANSWERED IN REGARD TO THE ARTICLE 7 OF THE EUROPEAN CONVENTION ON HUMAN RIGHTS." In EU 2020 – lessons from the past and solutions for the future. Faculty of Law, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.25234/eclic/11921.
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Fekete, Gábor. "VIDEOCONFERENCE HEARINGS AFTER THE TIMES OF PANDEMIC." In EU 2021 – The future of the EU in and after the pandemic. Faculty of Law, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.25234/eclic/18316.
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The sanitary crisis of the Covid-19 pandemic resulted in several changes in the way courts communicate, can be reached and handle cases. The so-called videoconferencing became one of the accepted ways of the hearings. This kind of videoconferencing took place on online videoconference solutions, which differ a lot from the conventional videoconference systems. After the exceptional situation, it remained a question whether the digital revolution of court proceedings had arrived or the use of videoconferencing should remain an exceptional instrument. The application of a videoconference system is the subject of the right to a fair trial, in this regard it has been contested by the European Court of Human Rights in several cases. This case law stated several expectations and reveals many aspects, which have to be applied to the online videoconference solutions. On the other hand, the wider use of legal tech instruments is the subject of the political will. The political support is crystallizing within the EU, whose right to act is limited. The interim measures which were introduced under the emergency law regimes on national level show a number of experiences on how the continuous and legally founded functioning of the justice system can be ensured, for example by the use of online video hearings. The balance between the effectivity and the legality is a crucial question. Upon the above-mentioned sources, the paper introduces the differences of the two methods of videoconferencing. It examines the legal requirements, details the experiences and shows the opportunities of the use of videoconference systems and online videoconference solutions in civil cases. The use of videoconference in civil hearings can be an instrument conforming to procedural right. The general application of videoconference, especially the online solution lowers the threshold to access the justice, accelerates the procedures, ensures social distancing, but requires both legal and technical preparedness.
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Tucak, Ivana, and Anita Blagojević. "COVID- 19 PANDEMIC AND THE PROTECTION OF THE RIGHT TO ABORTION." In EU 2021 – The future of the EU in and after the pandemic. Faculty of Law, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.25234/eclic/18355.
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The COVID - 19 pandemic that swept the world in 2020 and the reactions of state authorities to it are unparalleled events in modern history. In order to protect public health, states have limited a number of fundamental human rights that individuals have in accordance with national constitutions and international conventions. The focus of this paper is the right of access to abortion in the Member States of the European Union. In Europe, the situation with regard to the recognition of women's right to abortion is quite clear. All member states of the European Union, with the exception of Poland and Malta, recognize the rather liberal right of a woman to have an abortion in a certain period of time after conception. However, Malta and Poland, as members of the European Union, since abortion is seen as a service, must not hinder the travel of women abroad to have an abortion, nor restrict information on the provision of abortion services in other countries. In 2020, a pandemic highlighted all the weaknesses of this regime by preventing women from traveling to more liberal countries to perform abortions, thus calling into question their right to choose and protect their sexual and reproductive rights. This is not only the case in Poland and Malta, but also in countries that recognize the right to abortion but make it conditional on certain non-medical conditions, such as compulsory counselling; and the mandatory time period between applying for and performing an abortion; in situations present in certain countries where the problem of a woman exercising the right to abortion is a large number of doctors who do not provide this service based on their right to conscience. The paper is divided into three parts. The aim of the first part of the paper is to consider all the legal difficulties that women face in accessing abortion during the COVID -19 pandemic, restrictions that affect the protection of their dignity, right to life, privacy and right to equality. In the second part of the paper particular attention will be paid to the illiberal tendencies present in this period in some countries of Central and Eastern Europe, especially Poland. In the third part of the paper, emphasis will be put on the situation in Malta where there is a complete ban on abortion even in the case when the life of a pregnant woman is in danger.
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Paiva, Isabel, and Romão B. Trindade. "The Impact of Council Directive 2011/70/EURATOM and IAEA Joint Convention Review Meetings on the Ongoing Establishment of the Portuguese Regulatory Framework and on the Future of National Radioactive Waste." In ASME 2013 15th International Conference on Environmental Remediation and Radioactive Waste Management. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icem2013-96145.
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Council Directive 2011/70/EURATOM of 19 July 2011, establishing a Community framework for the responsible and safe management of spent fuel and radioactive waste will enter in force August 2013 in all EU Member States. Portugal has already started preparing its legislative framework to accommodate the new legislative piece. However, the first report of Portugal to the Joint Convention on the Safety of Spent Fuel Management and on the Safety of Radioactive Waste Management of the IAEA, in Vienna, 2012, has shown that Portugal still has many steps to overcome to establish a successful and effective basic regulatory framework. The existence of many competent authorities related to the radiological protection area and a newly independent commission that is still looking on how to fulfill its regulator role in other areas such as the radioactive waste management makes quite challenging the full application of the new directive as well as compliance that Portugal will have to show in the next Joint Convention review meeting in order to meet the obligations of the Convention. In this paper, the reality of the regulatory Portuguese framework on radiological protection, nuclear safety and radioactive waste management is presented. Discussion of the future impact of the new legislation and its consequences such as the need to setup the national program on radioactive waste management is critical discussed.
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Makrevska Disoska, Elena, Irena Kikerkova, and Katerina Toshevska- Trpchevska. "COVID-19 CHALLENGES FOR EU EXTRA AND INTRA-REGIONAL TRADE." In Economic and Business Trends Shaping the Future. Ss Cyril and Methodius University, Faculty of Economics-Skopje, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.47063/ebtsf.2020.0011.
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The current COVID-19 crisis will take a severe toll upon the world and the EU economy. Exports and imports between member-states account for around 30.6% of EU GDP (average value for the period 2007-2018) and some EU economies are particularly exposed to the crisis due to their strong trade and value chain linkages. The trade with the rest of the world also decreased by mid-March 2020, and Rotterdam’s traffic from China fell for 20% compared to the same period in 2019. This paper estimates the different impact of the intra- EU trade and extra-EU trade on EU GDP growth. By separating extra-EU trade flows from intra-EU trade flows and using cross-section fixed method, panel least squares for the period 2008-2018, we obtained results that confirm that trade exchange within EU has significantly higher effect on per capita economic growth in comparison with trade exchange with countries outside the EU (taking in consideration the sample of EU-27 countries, excluding Great Britain).The findings prove that the current measures proposed by the EU institutions are essential for sustaining the function of the Internal Market and for EU growth prospects. Despite all efforts to remain united against the rising global challenges under the COVID-19 crisis, the Union is growing further apart. The member-states are imposing restrains on the internal trade flows thus jeopardizing the achieved positive effects of trade liberalization. It is certain that the financial crisis from 2008 caused increased Euro scepticism. Therefore differences in national views and priorities must be taken into account in order to reach a democratic compromise within the EU that is going to be both effective and legitimate in order to confront the consequences of the COVID-19 pandemics. The solidarity among member-states is challenged once again.
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Dorotić, Jeronim. "UNITED WE STAND - DIVIDED WE FALL: ASSESSING THE POTENTIAL OF THE EU AND ITS CITIZENS TO CONFRONT THE CORONAVIRUS PANDEMIC AS A CHANCE TO REAFFIRM THE EUROPEAN IDENTITY." In EU 2021 – The future of the EU in and after the pandemic. Faculty of Law, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.25234/eclic/18361.
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The main aim of this paper is to assess the potential of the EU and its citizens to face the Coronavirus pandemic as a chance to reaffirm the European identity. This paper consists of three complementary parts. In the first part conceptualization of the European identity is presented according to the views of the EU institutions and relevant authors with purpose to signify its importance for further development of the EU project. In the second part the extent to which the EU citizens are currently affiliated with the European Union is assessed, especially with regard to the response of the EU to confront the pandemic (i.e. by relying on recent Eurobarometer surveys). Third and the central part of this paper is focused on providing the review and analysis of relevant solidarity actions directed to confront Coronavirus crisis by the EU institutions and representative CSOs active specifically at the EU level in the field of promoting European citizenship. The key findings of this inquiry indicate that analysed initiatives contain solidarity dimension, and therefore, have potential to reaffirm the European identity, that is, to enhance cohesion and unity among the EU citizens.
Reports on the topic "The Convention on the Future of the EU"
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Snyder, Robin A. The Chemical Weapons Convention Treaty: Present and Future Issues. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, April 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada397233.
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Pfrengle, Franz X. A Sustainable NATO/EU Partnership for the Future. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, March 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada478970.
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Osipov, Vadym. Ukraine: Implications of Future Cooperation with the EU and NATO. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, March 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada589495.
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Margulies, Alexander H. The Convention on the Future of Europe and The EU's Democratic Deficit"". Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, January 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada442416.
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Hunter, James H. Does the Special Relationship" Have a Role to Play in Future EU-US Relations?". Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, April 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada475845.
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Baldwin, Heather M. Russia's Future Energy Policies: A Glimpse of Moscow's Impact on EU and US Energy Security in 2025. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, April 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada539846.
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Lodge, Junior, and Jan Yves. The Promise of a Recalibrated Caribbean-European Union Partnership. Fundación Carolina, March 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.33960/issn-e.1885-9119.dtff03en.
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The Caribbean and the European Union (EU) have been enjoined in a formal bi-regional relationship since the signing of the Lomé Convention in 1975, and are firm proponents of multilateralism, strong advocates of regional integration, democracy and rule of law, and reflect vibrant multi-ethnic and multilingual polities. The bi-regional relationship has evolved considerably over the intervening 45 years, and is reflected in formal agreements between the African, Caribbean and Pacific (ACP) States and the EU, and in the sphere of economic cooperation, has been strengthened with the signing of the Cariforum-EU Economic Partnership Agreement (CEPA) in 2008. The EU also remains a significant source of development cooperation for the Caribbean, complemented by a sui generis project management regime that includes multi-annual programming. Beyond this, the bi-regional ties have expanded into new areas of joint multilateral endeavour such as the WTO Trade Facilitation Agreement (TFA) and the Paris Agreement on Climate Change. Despite the long and formal engagement, the Cariforum-EU partnership has not engendered either deep understanding of, or universal support in, each other’s conduct of multilateral negotiations. To the contrary, the partnership displays regular flashes of unease and arguably low-level tension. This paper seeks to assess the Caribbean-EU partnership in terms of its contribution of bi-regional trade and economic cooperation to Caribbean development, and possibilities for a renewed partnership considering new impulses shaping the Cariforum-EU relationship, including the post-Cotonou Agreement, Brexit, EU-LAC Political Dialogue and COVID-19 responses. A Cariforum-EU development agenda to fuel post-pandemic Caribbean recovery is mooted with the additional value of harnessing the promise of the revised partnership.
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Wakefield, Benjamin. Opportunities for the European Union to Strengthen Biosecurity in Africa. Stockholm International Peace Research Institute, November 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.55163/hbpq5439.
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The European Union (EU) has a long history of commitment to improving biological security and supporting multilateral approaches to arms controls and non-proliferation. It has supported various biosecurity programmes in recent years and continues to increase its financial support towards these, with a focus on the universalization of the Biological and Toxins Weapons Convention and United Nations Security Council Resolution 1540. More recently, through Council Decision 2021/2072/ CFSP, the EU has committed even further to strengthening biosafety and biosecurity capabilities in Africa, with more meaningful collaboration and an increase in the local and regional ownership of projects. This provides an opportunity for the EU to continue to broaden its approach and improve coordination with international partners. In particular focus is the newly formed European Health Emergency Preparedness and Response Authority (HERA), as it develops its international activities. However, there is still a demonstrated need to strengthen biosecurity-related capacities and capabilities across Africa. This paper highlights the significant opportunities for EU engagement and coordination with international initiatives, such as the Africa Centres for Disease Control and Prevention (Africa CDC) Biosafety and Biosecurity Initiative (BBI) 2021–2025 Strategic Plan and the Global Partnership Signature Initiative to Mitigate Biological Threats in Africa.
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Djordjević, Ljubica. ECMI Minorities Blog. National Minorities and the Future of Europe. European Centre for Minority Issues, January 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.53779/kkpo2109.
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The Conference on the Future of Europe, which was finally launched on 9 May 2021, has opened “a new space for debate with citizens to address Europe’s challenges and priorities”. The initiative uses three channels for citizens’ participation: the Multilingual digital platform, European Citizens’ Panels, and Conference Plenary. Content-wise it is grounded on the indicative list of nine topics covering wide range of areas from climate change to sports. This blog post draws attention to the importance of involving national minorities in the process, both regarding participation and issues covered. The Conference should strive to reach out to various population groups, including the ones in minority or marginalized position. Moreover, the Conference could serve as a good opportunity to reconsider the EU’s position with regard to the protection of national minorities: in a complex and increasingly diverse Europe, the EU has to take responsibility and search for innovative models of diversity management, including the protection of national minorities. Provided that it leads to some tangible action, the Conference might be a valuable step forward.
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Wentworth, Jonathan, and Katherine Maltby. UK Fisheries Management. Parliamentary Office of Science and Technology, February 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.58248/pn572.
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Following EU withdrawal the UK will have full responsibility for fisheries policy and management within its waters. This POSTnote summarises the science used to inform management, current approaches to EU fisheries, and challenges and opportunities for future UK fisheries management