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Kilic, Ergin. "Novel Position Measurement And Estimation Methods For Cnc Machine Systems." Master's thesis, METU, 2007. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/2/12608762/index.pdf.
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Precision control of translational motion is vital for many CNC machine tools as the motion of the machinery affects the dimensional tolerance of the manufactured goods. However, the direct measurement along with the accurate motion control of machine usually requires relatively expensive sensors i.e. potentiometers, linear scales, laser interferometers. Hence, this study attempts to develop reference models utilizing low-cost sensors (i.e. rotary encoders) for accurate position estimation. First, an indirect measurement performance is investigated on a Timing Belt driven carriage by a DC Motor with a backlash included Gearbox head. An advanced interpolated technique is proposed to compensate the position errors while using indirect measurement to reduce the total cost. Then, a similar study was realized with a ball screw driven system. Next, a cable drum driven measurement technique is proposed to the machines which have long travel distance like plasma cutters. A test setup is proposed and manufactured to investigate the capstan drive systems. Finally, characteristics of Optical Mouse Sensors are investigated from different point of views and a test setup is proposed and manufactured to evaluate their performances in long terms. Beside all of these parts, motion control algorithms and motion control integrated circuits are designed and manufactured to realize experimental studies in a detailed manner.
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Kabeya, Kazuhisa III. "Structural Health Monitoring Using Multiple Piezoelectric Sensors and Actuators." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/36709.
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A piezoelectric impedance-based structural health monitoring technique was developed at the Center for Intelligent Material Systems and Structures. It has been successfully implemented on several complex structures to detect incipient-type damage such as small cracks or loose connections. However, there are still some problems to be solved before full scale development and commercialization can take place. These include: i) the damage assessment is influenced by ambient temperature change; ii) the sensing area is small; and iii) the ability to identify the damage location is poor. The objective of this research is to solve these problems in order to apply the impedance-based structural health monitoring technique to real structures.
First, an empirical compensation technique to minimize the temperature effect on the damage assessment has been developed. The compensation technique utilizes the fact that the temperature change causes vertical and horizontal shifts of the signature pattern in the impedance versus frequency plot, while damage causes somewhat irregular changes.
Second, a new impedance-based technique that uses multiple piezoelectric sensor-actuators has been developed which extends the sensing area. The new technique relies on the measurement of electrical transfer admittance, which gives us mutual information between multiple piezoelectric sensor-actuators. We found that this technique increases the sensing region by at least an order of magnitude.
Third, a time domain technique to identify the damage location has been proposed. This technique also uses multiple piezoelectric sensors and actuators. The basic idea utilizes the pulse-echo method often used in ultrasonic testing, together with wavelet decomposition to extract traveling pulses from a noisy signal. The results for a one-dimensional structure show that we can determine the damage location to within a spatial resolution determined by the temporal resolution of the data acquisition.
The validity of all these techniques has been verified by proof-of-concept experiments. These techniques help bring conventional impedance-based structural health monitoring closer to full scale development and commercialization.Master of Science
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Yucel, Orcun. "Birefringence Gradient Development During Drying of Solution Cast Functional Films and Their Mechanical, Optical and Gas Barrier Properties." University of Akron / OhioLINK, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=akron1377699282.
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Кожухар, Павло Вікторович. "Кількісний контроль магнітних параметрів документів магнітооптичною телевізійною системою." Thesis, НТУУ «КПІ», 2016. https://ela.kpi.ua/handle/123456789/17695.
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В дисертаційній роботі розроблено магнітооптичну телевізійну систему, яка на відміну від відомих, дозволяє окрім якісного виконувати кількісний магнітний контроль документів. Розроблено узагальнений метод кількісного контролю магнітних параметрів документів, що дозволяє їх rласифікацію зі зниженим впливом шумів магнітооптичного перетворення, чутливістю до зміни параметрів намагнічування та неоднорідностей щільності друку. Удосконалено метод магнітооптичного топографування, що дозволяє отримувати сигнал двовимірного розподілу розсіяного магнітного поля елементів документів у матричній цифровій формі. Запропоновано методику оцінки чутливості і роздільної здатності телевізійної системи магнітооптичного контролю. Виконано комплексне експериментальне дослідження теоретичних напрацювань. Розроблені методи дозволяють підвищити вірогідність магнітного контролю (виявлення фальсифікації) документів, як виготовлених промислових методом (банкноти та захищені бланки) так і загально доступним (друк побутовою оргтехнікою) за рахунок виконання кількісного контролю їх магнітних параметрів. При цьому телевізійні системи, що реалізують запропоновані методи зберігають можливість якісного топологічного та трасологічного дослідження, тобто на відміну від відомих забезпечують комплексний магнітний контроль документів.The magnetic control of documents (including banknotes and protected blanks) is used at its production, banking and forensic research. Present devices divide into two groups. First ones are using a stock of huge induction or Hall sensors and performing only quantitative magnetic control with low resolution. Second ones are using magneto-optic sensors, which allows doing qualitative magnetic control with high resolution but could not perform quantitative control due to low dynamic range. The dissertation covers developing of TV system intended for quantitative control of magnetic parameters of documents using magneto-optic sensor, which have not implemented. It allows increasing the accuracy of magnetic control of documents due to providing integrated (quantitative and qualitative) magnetic control with high resolution and using only one sensor. Developed generalized method of quantitative control of magnetic parameters of documents allows its classification with decreased effect of magneto-optic noise and sensitivity to changing of magnetization and print density. This method involves getting a two-dimensional distribution of the signal of scattered magnetic field of documents in matrix digital form perhaps improved method of magneto-optical topography with auxiliary magnetic field source and coprocessing of magneto-optic images by TV system. Thus, documents spatial distribution of magnetic flux density is obtained in suitable for digital automated signal processing form. The next steps are calculating histograms of magnetic field of reference and controlled documents; approximation and normalization of this histograms; pairwise comparison of normalized histograms by proposed qualitative index of dissimilarity and making check solution about a membership of controlled document at reference group. All these steps are performed automatically by TV system so the method allows decreasing expenditure of time during magnetic control of documents. In addition there is suggested the procedure of evaluating the sensitivity and resolution of the TV system for the magneto-optic check. It consist in SNR evaluation of magneto-optic image of test document sample with known signal and no-signal areas. A comprehensive experimental study of the theoretical developments is passed. Developed magneto-optical TV system allows detecting reprinting of document by another printer with accuracy 50 – 100% (for examined printing samples) at the expense of proposed qualitative control. There is proved for examined banknote samples a capability to detect a falsification of banknotes magnetic protection by developed system even if present (qualitative-only) magneto-optic detectors cannot detect falsification due to same topology of magnetic print. The sensitivity and resolution of developed TV system allows detection of magnetic paint strokes 21 μm width and resolution of strokes with width and spaced by 42 μm with SNR not less than 6 dB. Thus, developed methods allow to increase the accuracy of magnetic control (detection of falsification) of documents through the implementation of the quantitative control of their magnetic parameters, both for documents manufactured by industry (banknotes and protected forms) and made in publicly available way (print by office equipment). Herewith television systems implementing the method, retain the ability to qualitative documents research like topological and trasological, i. e. in contrast to known provide an integrated magnetic control of documents. That’s why scientific and practical results are implemented magneto-optic TV systems Regula 4197 and Regula 7701M, modern methodology of forensic research of magnetic print and digital help-desk system “Currensy”, which contains samples of magnetic parameters of world banknotes made by indicated above TV systems.
В диссертационной работе разработана магнитооптическая телевизионная система, которая в отличии от известных, позволяет помимо качественного выполнять количественный магнитный контроль документов. Разработан обобщенный метод количественного контроля магнитных параметров документов, который позволяет их классификацию со сниженным влиянием шумов магнитооптического преобразования, чувствительностью к изменению параметров намагничивания и неоднородностей плотности печати. Усовершенствован метод магнитооптического топографирования, что позволяет получать сигнал двумерного распределения рассеянного магнитного поля документов в матричной цифровой форме. Предложена методика оценки чувствительности и разрешающей способности телевизионной системы магнитооптического контроля. Проведено комплексное экспериментальное исследование теоретических наработок. Разработанные методы позволяют повысить достоверность магнитного контроля (выявления фальсификации) документов, как изготовленных промышленным методом (банкноты и защищенные бланки) так и общедоступным (печать бытовой оргтехникой) за счет выполнения количественного контроля их магнитных параметров. При этом телевизионные системы, реализующие предложенные методы, сохраняют возможность качественного топологического и трасологического исследования, т. е. в отличии от известных обеспечивают комплексный магнитный контроль документов.
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Boone, Jeffery Paul. "Accounting Measurement Bias and Executive Compensation Systems." Thesis, University of North Texas, 1994. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc278949/.
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This dissertation presents empirical evidence intended to help answer two research questions. The first question asks whether executive compensation systems appear to exploit the bias in accounting-based performance measures in order to reduce the volatility in executive compensation and to allocate incentives more effectively across the range of activities performed by the executive. The second question asks whether compensation systems systematically differ between firms that use alternative accounting methods and whether any such systematic difference helps explain accounting choice. Parameters estimated in fixed-effects endogenous switching regression models were used to test the risk-shielding and incentive-allocation hypotheses. The models were estimated across a dataset consisting of 1151 executive-year observations of annual compensation paid to 222 top-level executives in 40 oil and gas firms. The dataset was partitioned by accounting method and separate models estimated for the full cost and successful efforts partitions. The tests provided modest support for the risk-shielding and incentive-allocation hypotheses, revealing that accounting measurement bias is used to focus incentives for effort in the exploration activity and to reduce executives' exposure to production risk. The design also allowed an estimate of the proportional change in compensation that was realized from the accounting choice actually made.
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Xiao, Xinghua. "Vibration measurement using videogrammetric method /." View abstract or full-text, 2009. http://library.ust.hk/cgi/db/thesis.pl?CIVL%202009%20XIAO.
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Ilyin, O. I. "Correlation method of height measurement." Thesis, National Aviation University, 2021. https://er.nau.edu.ua/handle/NAU/50477.
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1. Sorochan A. G. Correlation radio rangefinder. Technology and design in electronic equipment. 2005. No. 1 P. 18-21.
2. Sorochan A. G., Dobryak D. A., Zabolotny E. V. Correlation radio rangefinder. Bulletin of the National Technical University of Ukraine «KPI». 2012. Vol. 49 P. 94-102.In conditions of increasing intensity of air traffic, the performance of safe and regular flights of aircraft requires the use of high-precision means of measuring low altitudes. The most common are three methods of measuring height: amplitude, frequency and phase. In recent years, the J-correlation method has also been developed.
В умовах зростаючої інтенсивності повітряного руху виконання безпечних та регулярних польотів повітряних суден вимагає використання високоточних засобів вимірювання малих висот. Найпоширенішими є три методи вимірювання висоти: амплітуда, частота та фаза. В останні роки також був розроблений метод J-кореляції.
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Lau, Pak Fai. "CNC machining accuracy enhancement by tool path compensation method /." View abstract or full-text, 2005. http://library.ust.hk/cgi/db/thesis.pl?IEEM%202005%20LAU.
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Tompkins, Michael. "Automated Method For Fiber Length Measurement." NCSU, 2006. http://www.lib.ncsu.edu/theses/available/etd-05222006-130435/.
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The price of cotton is dictated by quality and the most significant factor of contributing to the fiber quality is the length distribution of the fibers contained within the population. Therefore it is of importance to accurately and repeatably measure the length of fibers within a population so that it is graded properly. Current methods are inadequate and thus prior work focused on designing a machine to directly measure individual cotton fibers using digital imaging. The current work begins with the evaluation of the effectiveness of the digital imaging machine. The machine was evaluated and sources of error identified. Modifications were implemented in an attempt to improve the error. After multiple modifications with little success an entirely new design was conceptualized. The new design aimed to eliminate all major sources of error with the existing machine while not creating new sources of error. The new design is discussed and the results are compared to those obtained by the original imaging machine. The new machine was better able to accurately measure the length of cut length fibers. The variation between fibers within a sample and entire samples of cut length fiber was significantly decreased when compared to the variation of the previous system.
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Khan, Naeem. "Linear prediction approaches to compensation of missing measurement in Kalman filtering." Thesis, University of Leicester, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2381/10122.
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Kalrnan filter relies heavily on perfect knowledge of sensor readings, used to compute the minimum mean square error estimate of the system state. However in reality, unavailability of output data might occur due to factors including sensor faults and failures, confined memory spaces of buffer registers and congestion of communication channels. Therefore investigations on the effectiveness of Kalman filtering in the case of imperfect data have, since the last decade, been an interesting yet challenging research topic. The prevailed methodology employed in the state estimation for imperfect data is the open loop estimation wherein the measurement update step is skipped during data loss time. This method has several shortcomings such as high divergence rate, not regaining its steady states after the data is resumed, etc. This thesis proposes a novel approach, which is found efficient for both stationary and non- stationary processes, for the above scenario, based on linear prediction schemes. Utilising the concept of linear prediction, the missing data (output signal) is reconstructed through modified linear prediction schemes. This signal is then employed in Kalman filtering at the measure- ment update step. To reduce the computational cost in the large matrix inversions, a modified Levinson-Durbin algorithm is employed. It is shown that the proposed scheme offers promising results in the event of loss of observations and exhibits the general properties of conventional Kalman filters. To demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed scheme, a rigid body spacecraft case study subject to measurement loss has been considered.
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Yee, Clifford Wing Wei Physics Faculty of Science UNSW. "Point source compensation ??? a backpropagation method for underwater acoustic imaging." Awarded by:University of New South Wales. School of Physics, 2003. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/20590.
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The backpropagation method of image reconstruction has been known for some time with the advantage of fast processing due to the use of Fast Fourier Transform. But its applicability to underwater imaging has been limited. At present the shift-and-add method is the more widely used method in underwater imaging. This is due to the fact that backpropagation has been derived for plane wave insonification, with the scattered waves detected in transmission-mode, or synthetic aperture set-up. One of the methods being used for underwater imaging is to use a point source for the insonification of the target and the scattered waves detected in reflection-mode by a receiver array. An advantage of this scanning method is only one transmission of the source is required to capture an image, instead of multiple transmissions. Therefore motion artifacts are kept to minimum. To be able to exploit the processing speed of the backpropagation method, it must be adapted for point source insonification. The coverage of this configuration in the literature has been scant, methods for spherical sources have been proposed for transmission mode and arbitrary surfaces in geophysical applications. These methods are complex and difficult to use. A novel point source compensation method is proposed in this thesis so that the backpropagation image formation method can be used for the point source insonification set-up. The method of investigation undertaken to derive this new backpropagation method was through theoretical analysis, numerical simulation and experimental verification. The effect of various compensation factors on the image quality was studied in simulation. In the experimental verification, practical issues relating to the application of the new method was addressed. The final proof of concept of our method was undertaken with our experimental verification. The quality of images formed with the point source compensation methods has also been compared with that with the shiftand- add method. Experimental and simulation results show that the point source compensated backpropagation algorithm can produce images of comparable quality with those formed with shift-and-add method for the set-up of wideband point-source insonification with detection in reflection-mode, with the advantage of faster image formation.
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Williamson, Kenya Dewitt. "FPGA based compensation method for correcting distortion in voltage inverters." Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Naval Postgraduate School, 2007. http://bosun.nps.edu/uhtbin/hyperion-image.exe/07Dec%5FWilliamson.pdf.
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Thesis (M.S. in Electrical Engineering)--Naval Postgraduate School, December 2007.Thesis Advisor(s): Julian, Alexander. "December 2007." Description based on title screen as viewed on January 24, 2008. Includes bibliographical references (p. 75). Also available in print.
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齊海杰 and Haijie Qi. "Comprehensive performance measurement method for supply chains." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2002. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31226644.
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Bainbridge, John Ralph. "A probablistic method for software product measurement." Thesis, London South Bank University, 1993. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.334389.
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Qi, Haijie. "Comprehensive performance measurement method for supply chains /." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 2002. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B25139289.
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Edmark, Marcus, and Olle Benzler. "Measurement Method Analysis of Photonic CO2 Sensor." Thesis, KTH, Skolan för elektro- och systemteknik (EES), 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-200580.
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Brüning, Adrian Rudolf Nicolaus Ernst. "A polarimetric method for collagenase activity measurement." Thesis, Rhodes University, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1004113.
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A polarimetric method for monitoring the rate of soluble collagen breakdown by collagenase enzyme action has been developed. The method represents an extension of previous physicochemical techniques based on viscometry, but is simpler and easier to carry out, particularly in the case of reaction rate studies. The method was developed arising from reports of collagenase activity measurement on inappropriate substrates such as gelatin, modified collagens and synthetic polypeptides. The optical method depends on measurement of the loss in optical rotation in solutions of soluble calfskin collagen resulting from initial enzymic cleavage of the collagen trip1e-helix, followed by spontaneous unwinding of the resultant unstable helical fragments. Specific assay conditions were chosen to ensure that the loss in optical rotation following enzymic cleavage was rapid and complete. The method is specific since in the absence of collagenase, non-specific proteinases produce only a limited decrease in solution optical activity. The method has also been compared with established physicochemical assay techniques and compares favourably with both viscometric and titrimetric collagenase assays. The availability of a rapid, sensitive and quantitative procedure for measurement of collagenase activity provides a convenient means for detecting the presence of collagenase in solution and examination of hide bacterial cultures for collagenase production. In addition, a study of biocidal compounds of potential interest in hide preservation for possible inhibitory effects on collagenase is conveniently carried out with the method. Fundamental research into synergistic action in enzymic hydrolysis of collagen is now possible, providing valuable insight into the mechanism of raw hide biodeterioration.
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Turner, Ranger Christian Kelly. "A Novel Method and Two Exoskeletons for Whole-arm Gravity Compensation." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/103860.
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This thesis is centered upon the published A Novel Method and Exoskeletons for Whole-arm Gravity Compensation (Turner, Hull 2020), and includes a novel concept for supporting the weight of a person's arm or robotic linkage. The design is capable of supporting weights held near the hand, and provides support regardless of position. This support is provided with a pantograph. The upper-arm and forearm bars are mirrored by smaller copies. Force applied to a pull point on the scaled copy of the arm is flipped and applied at a support point on the forearm or to a tool near the hand.
Two exoskeletons, using different linkages make use of the pantograph design. These include the Panto-Arm Exo, which uses it's slim, reduced size to comfortably assist users in lifting their arm, and the Panto-Tool Exo which is designed for a support point that coincides with a mass representing a heavy tool. The differing topologies and purposes of these two devices resulted in different qualities regarding their ability to lift weight. The Panto-Arm Exo was specifically used in human subject testing, in which fourteen users wore electromyography electrodes and performed simple arm movements and holding tasks. While the Panto-Arm Exo did not undergo stringent design improvements or user-specific optimization, the device was shown to reduce muscle use in the measured upper-arm muscles for certain arm positions.Master of Science
This thesis is centered upon the published A Novel Method and Exoskeletons for Whole-arm Gravity Compensation (Turner, Hull 2020), includes a new way to lift a person's arm or robotic linkage. The design can lift weights close to the hand regardless of arm placement. This support is provided with a pantograph. The pantograph design is based on a mirrored, smaller copy of the upper-arm and forearm bars, which is pulled downwards to create an upwards support force at chosen support point. This point is based underneath the forearm or at a heavy tool. The concept is similar to pushing down on a teeter-totter in order to prevent the other end from dropping. Two exoskeletons, using different linkages make use of this pantograph design. The Panto-Arm Exo is slim and light. It is made to help users in lift their arm by supporting its weight. The Panto-Tool Exo has a support point that located where a mass representing a heavy tool sits. The changes between both devices means that they display different lifting qualities. The Panto-Arm Exo was worn by 14 people, also wearing electrodes that measured muscle activation. These users held weights and moved their arms around while muscle activation was recorded. While the Panto-Arm Exo wasn't fine-tuned or adjusted for individual people, it was shown to reduce muscle activation in the measured upper-arm muscles for some of the arm placements.
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Kursu, O. E. (Olli-Erkki). "Micromotion compensation and a neural recording and stimulation system for electrophysiological measurements." Doctoral thesis, Oulun yliopisto, 2015. http://urn.fi/urn:isbn:9789526210186.
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Abstract The goal of this thesis was to investigate and build new circuit solutions for electrophysiological measurements that would be used in biophysical research of nervous system and brain activity. The first aim was to build a micromotion compensation system that could compensate for the relative movement of measurement microelectrodes and neurons that can cause signal attenuation or even loss. The purpose of this work was to stabilize the microelectrode with respect to the preparation in order to achieve more stable measurements with small test animals, such as insects, rodents or reptiles. The movement is measured with a touch probe sensor and a feedback loop containing a piezoelectric actuator that adjusts the position of the electrode. A prototype micromotion compensation system was built and its performance was measured in a realistic measurement condition. The compensation system was used to reduce the motion of the probe to below 1 µm, resulting in up to 98% compensation below 10 Hz. The design of the micromotion compensation system took advantage of a preceding study on a piezoelectric bimorph actuator/sensor structure. This study is also presented in the thesis. Another aim of the research was to design and build an integrated multichannel neural signal recording system with stimulation capabilities. The circuit was designed to amplify, digitize and stream out data from extracellular neuronal signal measurements. The main target of the measurement system are action potential signals, which are a type of “digital communication” between nerve cells that evolution has produced. The waveform of these action potential signals is the focus of interest. To accomplish this measurement, the developed circuit contains preamplification, multiplexing, post-amplification, A/D conversion and control logic for the A/D converter and data transmission. The circuit is also externally programmable, and it contains DACs for tuning high-pass filter corner frequency, amplifier bias current and stimulation current. The implemented electronics have low noise, low power and small circuit area. The gain of the circuit is adjustable from 100 to 5000 and the high-pass filter corner frequency from 0.5 Hz to 900 Hz. The sample rate is 20.833 kSps and the data rate is 3.5 Mbps. The measured noise level of the circuit is 7.5μV (rms) (300 Hz - 10 kHz) and the whole chip consumes less than 2 mW of power. A 16-channel prototype chip with 0.35μm CMOS technology was manufactured and its performance was measured. Backend electronics containing a microcontroller supporting high-speed USB data transfer was also programmed for the system. The device was tested in real measurements of neuronal signals in a cockroach (Periplaneta americana) preparation, and reliable streaming of the recorded data to the PC verified its proper functionTiivistelmä Tämän väitöskirjatyön tavoitteena oli kehittää mittaus- ja säätöjärjestelmiä aivotutkimuksen ja biofysiikan sovelluksiin. Ensimmäisenä tutkimuskokonaisuutena oli mittaus- ja säätöjärjestelmän kehittäminen, minkä tavoitteena oli mahdollistaa aivojen sähköisen signaloinnin mittaaminen mahdollisimman luonnollisessa tilassa olevilla koe-eläimillä (esim. hyönteiset, matelijat tai pienet nisäkkäät). Tätä varten kehitettiin aktiivinen liikekompensointimekanismi, jossa kosketusanturilla mitattiin aivokudoksen mikrometriluokan mekaanista liikettä ja kompensoitiin sähköistä mittausta suorittavan anturin ja aivon välinen suhteellinen liike liikuttamalla takaisinkytkentälenkissä olevaa pietsosähköistä aktuaattoria. Kompensointimekanismin toiminta testattiin realistisissa mittausolosuhteissa. Liikekompensoinnilla saatiin vähennettyä mittausanturin liikettä suhteessa kudokseen alle mikrometriin, maksimikompensoinnin ollessa noin 98 % alle 10 Hz:n taajuudella. Väitöskirjaan liitettiin pietsosähköisiin komponentteihin liittyen taustatiedoksi artikkeli aiemmin suunnitellusta pietsosähköisestä bimorph aktuaattori/sensori -komponentista. Toisen tutkimuskokonaisuuden muodosti suurten hermosolupopulaatioiden toiminnan mittaamiseen sekä stimulointiin kehitetty monikanavainen järjestelmä. Tärkeimpänä mittauskohteena työssä ovat ekstrasellulaariset aktiopotentiaalisignaalit, jotka ovat eräänlainen evoluution tuottama “digitaalinen” hermosolujen välinen kommunikaatiomenetelmä. Kiinnostuksen kohteena ovat näiden aktiopotentiaalisignaalien aaltomuodot. Mittauksia varten työssä kehitettiin hermosolujen solun ulkopuoliseen nesteeseen asetettaviin elektrodeihin kytkettävä elektroniikka, jolla pystytään sekä stimuloimaan että mittaamaan jokaista elektrodia. Suunniteltu vahvistinelektroniikka on matalakohinainen, matalatehoinen ja pienikokoinen. Mittausjärjestelmään on suunniteltu myös multipleksointi, A/D-muunninelektroniikka sekä ohjauslogiikka, joka sisältää muunnostulosten puskuroinnin integroidun piirin rekisteripankkeihin, SPI-liitynnän high-speed USB protokollaa tukevalle mikrokontrollerille sekä konfiguraatiorekistereitä, joihin SPI-väylän kautta kirjoittamalla voidaan säätää piirin vahvistusta, operaatiovahvistimien biasvirtoja, kaistanleveyttä sekä stimulaatiovirtojen voimakkuuksia. Piirin vahvistus on säädettävissä 100:n ja 5000:n välillä ja ylipäästösuodatuksen kulmataajuus välillä 0,5 Hz - 900 Hz. Piirin näytteistystaajuus on 20,833 kSps ja tiedonsiirtonopeus 3,5 Mbps. Piirin kohinatasoksi mitattiin 7,5 µV (rms) (300 Hz - 10 kHz) ja koko piirin tehonkulutukseksi alle 2 mW. Integroidusta piiristä valmistettiin 16-kanavainen prototyyppi 0,35 µm:n CMOS-teknologialla. Kehitetyn laitteen toiminta varmistettiin mittaamalla hermosignaaleja torakkapreparaatista (Periplaneta americana). Mittausdata siirrettiin onnistuneesti ja luotettavasti PC:lle
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Fulkerson, James. "The effects of a multidisciplinary case management method on the costs of a workers' compensation plan." Online version, 2002. http://www.uwstout.edu/lib/thesis/2002/2002fulkersonj.pdf.
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Trubko, Raisa, and Raisa Trubko. "Tune-out Wavelength Measurement and Gyroscope Using Dispersion Compensation in an Atom Interferometer." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/625677.
Full textAbstract:
This Dissertation describes how I used a three nanograting Mach-Zehnder atom beam interferometer to precisely measure a wavelength of light, known as a tune-out wavelength, that causes zero energy shift for an atom. I also describe how such measurements can be remarkably sensitive to rotation rates. It is well known that atom interferometry can be used to measure accelerations and rotations, but it was a surprise to find out that tune-out wavelength measurements can under certain conditions be used to report the absolute rotation rate of the laboratory with respect to an inertial frame of reference. I also describe how we created conditions which improve the accuracy of tune out wavelength measurements. These measurements are important because they serve as a benchmark test for atomic structure calculations of line strengths, oscillator strengths, and dipole matrix elements. I present a new measurement of the longest tune-out wavelength in potassium, λzero = 768.9701(4) nm. To reach sub-picometer precision, an optical cavity surrounding the atom beam paths of the interferometer was used. Although this improved the precision of our experiment by increasing the light-induced phase shifts, the cavity also brought several systematic errors to our attentions. For example, I found that large ±200 pm shifts in tune-out wavelengths can occur due to the Earth's rotation rate. To solve this problem, I demonstrated that controlling the optical polarization, the magnetic field, and the atom beam velocity distribution can either suppress or enhance these systematic shifts. Suppressing these systemic shifts in tune-out wavelengths is useful for precision measurements used to test atomic structure calculations. By enhancing these systematic shifts, the interferometer can be a gyroscope that utilizes tune-out wavelengths.
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Erdem, Omer. "Developing A New Method In Efficiency Measurement Problems." Phd thesis, METU, 2013. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12615390/index.pdf.
Full textAbstract:
Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) is a powerful technique for relatively efficiency measurement and it is intensively used in different kind of disciplines but this technique has some drawbacks. In the conventional DEA technique, total number of inputs and outputs is determined by the number of evaluated firms. Therefore, this powerful efficiency measurement technique cannot be employed for limited number firm problems. DEA uses realized data so it can be used for objective evaluations. However, in some Occupational Health and Safety (OHS) and mining cases, subjective evaluation is also very important so it should be included in DEA analyses. To get rid of these drawbacks, a new technique is developed with integration of DEA and Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) and it is named as AHP.DEA Method. The developed method creates an opportunity using more inputs and outputs in the relatively efficiency measurement for limited number firm cases. Therefore, reliability of the estimation is increased with increasing the number of inputs and outputs in the estimations. The AHP.DEA technique also integrates both subjective opinion of experts and objective evaluation. Combination of them can give more consistent results when compared only subjective or objective evaluation methods. After the application of AHP.DEA method in mining and OHS industry, managers of mining companies can compare their organizations with the competitors or their branches and they can identify strengths and weakness of them. Therefore, quantity and quality of output may be increased while number of accidents is decreased and also new opportunities can be identified to upgrade current operations.
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Ahmad, Naveed. "Measurement of energy performance : Analysis of QUB method." Thesis, Lyon, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020LYSEI051.
Full textAbstract:
QUB est une méthode d'essai de caractérisation thermique in situ dynamique qui a le potentiel d'être menée sur une courte durée d'une à deux nuits. La robustesse de la méthode QUB avec l'incertitude du niveau de puissance (pendant la phase de chauffage QUB), l'incertitude du coefficient de transfert de chaleur global à l'état d'équilibre, H_ref, et les températures extérieures en fonction des saisons doivent être établies pour les bâtiments réels. Un modèle dynamique d'état-espace est développé dans cette thèse pour simuler des expériences QUB. La modélisation espace-état consiste à générer un circuit thermique pour chaque composant du bâtiment (murs, fenestration, système de ventilation, etc.). Les circuits thermiques sont ensuite assemblés pour générer un seul circuit pour l'ensemble du bâtiment. Le modèle d'espace d'état développé, est validé à l'aide des caractéristiques thermiques et des données mesurées d'une maison à grande échelle (la maison jumelle) fournies par l'annexe 58 de l'IEA EBC. Les simulations numériques des expériences QUB sur une maison montrent que la méthode ne présente que de légères variations avec une incertitude de puissance; par exemple, une erreur de 30% de la puissance optimale peut provoquer une erreur à moins de 3% de la valeur de référence. Une analyse d'erreur a posteriori est effectuée en simulant des expériences QUB dans des situations où l'enveloppe réelle a des caractéristiques différentes de celles supposées dans la conception de l'expérience pour la méthode QUB. Ces résultats sont ensuite comparés à des erreurs a priori, une situation dans laquelle des expériences QUB sont effectuées avec la connaissance de l'enveloppe réelle. L'analyse des erreurs montre qu'avec une erreur de 50% du coefficient de transfert de chaleur global (c'est-à-dire une situation d'isolation de paroi manquante), la méthode QUB entraîne une erreur accrue de seulement 3¬¬%. La précision de la méthode QUB a également été testée avec la variation du rayonnement solaire. Les résultats QUB les jours nuageux montrent une variation moindre par rapport aux jours ensoleillés. Il a été démontré que le transfert de chaleur des radiations solaires retardées pénétrant à travers les murs du bâtiment a un effet sur l'évolution de la température au cours de l'expérience QUB. Cela peut entraîner une augmentation de l'erreur dans la méthode QUB. Les expériences QUB sont simulées pendant l'été et l'hiver pour déterminer l'impact des saisons sur la précision de la méthode. La saison d'hiver montre des résultats plus robustes que les mois d'été. Les mois d'été montrent une plus grande variation des résultats. Il est vérifié que la grande variation est due à une petite différence de température entre les conditions intérieures et extérieures pendant certaines des nuits d'été. Les expériences en saison estivale peuvent être améliorées en augmentant la température de consigne avant l'expérience QUBQUB is a dynamic in-situ thermal characterization test method that has the potential to be conducted in a short duration of one to two nights. The robustness of QUB method with uncertainty in power level (during QUB heating phase), uncertainty in overall heat transfer coefficient at steady state, H_ref, and the outdoor temperatures a function of seasons needs to be established for real buildings.A dynamic state-space model is developed in this thesis to simulate QUB experiments. The state-space modelling involves generating a thermal circuit for each component of the building (walls, fenestration, ventilation system, etc.). The thermal circuits are then assembled to generate a single circuit for the entire building. The state-space model developed, is validated using thermal characteristics and measured data of a full-scale house (the twin house) provided by IEA EBC Annex 58. The numerical simulations of the QUB experiments on a house show that the method has only slight variation with uncertainty in power; for example, 30% error in optimum power can cause an error within 3 % of the reference value. A posteriori error analysis is performed by simulating QUB experiments in situations in which the real envelope has different characteristics than those assumed in the design of the experiment for QUB method. These results are then compared with a priori errors, a situation in which QUB experiments are performed with the knowledge of the real envelope. The error analysis shows that with 50 % error in the overall heat transfer coefficient (i.e. missing wall insulation situation), the QUB method results in an increased error of only 3¬¬ %. The precision of QUB method was tested also with the variation of solar radiation. QUB results on cloudy days show lesser variation as compared to sunny days. It was shown that the heat transfer from the delayed solar radiations entering through the walls of the building has an effect on the temperature evolution during the QUB experiment. This can lead to an increased error in QUB method. The QUB experiments are simulated during summer and winter to determine the impact of seasons on the accuracy of the method. The winter season shows more robust results as compared to summer months. The summer months show larger variation of results. It is verified that the large variation are due to small temperature difference between indoor and outdoor conditions during some of the summer nights. The experiments in summer season can be improved by increasing the set point temperature before the QUB experiment
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Barylko, Sergiy, Valeriy Zdorenko, Olena Kyzymchuk, Sergiy Lisovets, Liudmyla Melnyk, and Olena Barylko. "Non-contact method for fabric basis weight measurement." Thesis, Instytut Włókiennictwa, 2018. https://er.knutd.edu.ua/handle/123456789/10334.
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Reschikoff, S. E. "Advanced Noise Generator Method of Flicker Noise Measurement." Thesis, Sumy State University, 2015. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/40983.
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Noise of electronic devices can be measured by comparison using a noise source at input and an output noise meter. It is noise generator method. It can be used to easily obtaining equivalent input noise of semiconductor devices. But this method is usually recommended for higher frequencies, because measurement generator must give white noise. Besides this, we obtain only noise level at broad band.
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Chen, Ching-Tsung, and 陳敬宗. "Two Dimensional Accuracy Compensation Method for High Precision Image Measurement Equipment." Thesis, 2017. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/p5udb9.
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碩士國立虎尾科技大學
自動化工程系碩士班
105
In this paper, the two-dimensional precision compensation method of high-precision image measurement equipment is proposed, and the error of two-dimensional precision is measured by calibration grid plate. The error analysis is carried out to obtain the compensation value of two-dimensional precision. The error terms that the system can detect and compensate includes position error, horizontal straightness error and squareness error. The one-dimensional glass scale or laser interferometer is widely used in current two-dimensional, which focus on uniaxial geometric accuracy. Two-dimensional precision measurement method is more complicated; this study provides a simple, fast and low-cost error detection and compensation method. Complicated erecting system can be improved by means of two-dimensional calibration grid plate, greatly reduce the time of manual calibration and the error caused by man-made operation. The experimental result shows that the overall positioning accuracy can be raised at least 60% or more.
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"Cuffless blood pressure measurement with temperature compensation." 2004. http://library.cuhk.edu.hk/record=b5891968.
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Lee Chi Man.Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2004.
Includes bibliographical references (leaves 112-121).
Abstracts in English and Chinese.
Chapter Chapter 1 --- Introduction --- p.1
Chapter 1.1 --- Objectives --- p.1
Chapter 1.2 --- Blood Pressure --- p.2
Chapter 1.3 --- Hypertension --- p.3
Chapter 1.3.1 --- Definition of Hypertension --- p.3
Chapter 1.3.2 --- Causes and Symptoms of Hypertension --- p.3
Chapter 1.3.3 --- Complication of Hypertension --- p.4
Chapter 1.3.4 --- Prevalence of Hypertension --- p.4
Chapter 1.4 --- Blood Pressure Measurement --- p.5
Chapter 1.4.1 --- History --- p.5
Chapter 1.4.2 --- Techniques and Methods --- p.7
Chapter 1.4.3 --- Current Devices --- p.13
Chapter 1.5 --- Organization of the Thesis --- p.16
Chapter Chapter 2 --- Theory --- p.18
Chapter 2.1 --- Introduction --- p.18
Chapter 2.2 --- Blood Rheology --- p.18
Chapter 2.2.1 --- Blood Composition --- p.18
Chapter 2.2.2 --- Flow Properties of Blood --- p.19
Chapter 2.2.3 --- Blood Vessels --- p.21
Chapter 2.3 --- Principle of the PTT-Based Blood Pressure Measurement --- p.22
Chapter 2.3.1 --- Wave Propagation in Blood Vessels --- p.22
Chapter 2.3.2 --- Pulse Transit Time (PTT) --- p.27
Chapter 2.3.3 --- Blood Pressure Measurement Based on PTT --- p.31
Chapter 2.4 --- Effects of Temperature on Blood Pressure --- p.34
Chapter 2.4.1 --- Human Body Temperature Regulation --- p.34
Chapter 2.4.2 --- Physiological Responses to Decreased Temperature --- p.36
Chapter 2.4.3 --- Effects of Temperature on Blood Pressure --- p.38
Chapter 2.5 --- Possible Effects of Temperature on PTT-Based Blood Pressure Measurement --- p.47
Chapter 2.5.1 --- Windkessel Model --- p.47
Chapter 2.5.2 --- Phase Velocity --- p.49
Chapter 2.5.3 --- Effects of temperature on PTT --- p.52
Chapter 2.5.4 --- Possible Effects of temperature on PTT-based Blood Pressure Measurement --- p.53
Chapter 2.6 --- Conclusion --- p.54
Chapter Chapter 3 --- Algorithms in Calculating Pulse Transit Time: Wavelet-Based and Derivative-Based --- p.55
Chapter 3.1 --- Introduction --- p.55
Chapter 3.1.1 --- Wavelet Transform (WT) --- p.56
Chapter 3.1.2 --- Wavelet Transform Modulus Maxima (WTMM) --- p.58
Chapter 3.2 --- Experiment --- p.60
Chapter 3.2.1 --- Subjects --- p.60
Chapter 3.2.2 --- Equipment and Sensors --- p.61
Chapter 3.2.3 --- Protocol --- p.61
Chapter 3.3 --- Methods --- p.62
Chapter 3.3.1 --- Wavelet-Based Algorithm of PTT Calculation --- p.62
Chapter 3.3.2 --- Derivative-Based Algorithm of PTT Calculation --- p.65
Chapter 3.3.3 --- PTT-Based Blood Pressure Estimation --- p.67
Chapter 3.4 --- Results --- p.68
Chapter 3.5 --- Discussion --- p.70
Chapter 3.6 --- Conclusion --- p.72
Chapter Chapter 4 --- Effects of Ambient Temperature on PTT-Based Blood Pressure Estimation --- p.74
Chapter 4.1 --- Introduction --- p.74
Chapter 4.2 --- Experiment --- p.74
Chapter 4.2.1 --- Subjects --- p.74
Chapter 4.2.2 --- Equipment --- p.75
Chapter 4.2.3 --- Protocol --- p.76
Chapter 4.3 --- Methods --- p.77
Chapter 4.3.1 --- Features of Photoplethysmographic Signals --- p.78
Chapter 4.3.2 --- Calculation of Pulse Transit Time (PTT) --- p.78
Chapter 4.4 --- Results --- p.79
Chapter 4.4.1 --- "Effects of Ambient Temperature on Blood Pressure, Heart Rate and Finger Skin Temperature" --- p.79
Chapter 4.4.2 --- Effects of Ambient Temperature on the Features of Photoplethysmographic Signals --- p.82
Chapter 4.4.3 --- Effects of Ambient Temperature on Pulse Transit Time --- p.84
Chapter 4.4.4 --- PTT-Based Blood Pressure Estimation --- p.85
Chapter 4.4.6 --- Evaluation of the Modified Equations of the PTT-Based Blood Pressure Measurement Approach --- p.89
Chapter 4.5 --- Discussion --- p.94
Chapter 4.6 --- Conclusion --- p.98
Chapter Chapter 5 --- Effects of Local Temperature on PTT-Based Blood Pressure Estimation --- p.99
Chapter 5.1 --- Introduction --- p.99
Chapter 5.2 --- Methods --- p.99
Chapter 5.3 --- Results --- p.100
Chapter 5.3.1 --- "Effects of Local Temperature on Blood Pressure, Heart Rate and Finger Skin Temperature" --- p.100
Chapter 5.3.2 --- Effects of Local Temperature on Pulse Transit Time --- p.102
Chapter 5.3.3 --- Effects of Local Temperature on the Features of Photoplethysmographic Signal --- p.103
Chapter 5.3.4 --- Effects of Local Temperature on PTT-Based Blood Pressure Estimation --- p.104
Chapter 5.4 --- Discussion --- p.105
Chapter 5.5 --- Conclusion --- p.107
Chapter Chapter 6 --- Conclusion and Future Study --- p.108
Chapter 6.1 --- Major Contributions --- p.108
Chapter 6.2 --- Future Study --- p.110
References --- p.112
Chapter Appendix A --- Motion Artifact Reduction from PPG signal Based on a Wavelet Approach --- p.122
Chapter A.l --- Introduction --- p.122
Chapter A.1.1 --- Motion Artifact --- p.122
Chapter A.1.2 --- Stationary Wavelet Transform (SWT) --- p.123
Chapter A.2 --- Experiment --- p.124
Chapter A.2.1 --- Subjects --- p.124
Chapter A.2.2 --- Equipment --- p.124
Chapter A.2.3 --- Protocol --- p.125
Chapter A.3 --- Methods --- p.126
Chapter A.3.1 --- Algorithm --- p.126
Chapter A.3.2 --- Data Analysis --- p.128
Chapter A.4 --- Results --- p.129
Chapter A.5 --- Discussion --- p.131
Chapter A.6 --- Conclusion --- p.133
Reference --- p.133
Appendix B Derivation of the Moens-Korteweg Equation --- p.134
Reference --- p.136
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Tsai, Yi-Lang, and 蔡一郎. "A Study of CNC Machine-tool Temperature Variation Measurement and Compensation Using Regression Analysis Method." Thesis, 2012. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/83278527028673650405.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立勤益科技大學
機械工程系
100
The main error sources affect the machining accuracy of machine tool spindle thermal temperature variation of structural thermal deformation generated by the thermal error. So we focused on machine tool spindle thermal error compensation of the measurement and the real machine. In this study, using high speed double column machining center manufacturing by TK machinery Co., Ltd, and collocate the FANUC series 18i-MB controller. Choose built-in spindle of NEO, the maximum speed is 20000rpm. Take the intelligent machining module to establish of measurement system of thermal displacement and temperature variation, total of 8 IC-type temperature sensors and 3 Eddy-Current displacement sensors consider with axial spindle head and column on multi-point temperature changes, to coordinate environment temperature under different experiment condition, measurement the temperature and displacement data. Organize this data and put in Excel, last, using Minitab statistical analysis software for linear regression analysis to establish of the compensation model, using this model compiler MEM file and loading in to the controller, through the MACRO EXECUTOR monitor screen to validation model. Experiment result show that the compensation spindle Z direction thermal error deformation reduced from 106μm to 40μm.
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McCusker, James Richard. "The Parameter Signature Isolation Method and Applications." 2011. https://scholarworks.umass.edu/open_access_dissertations/381.
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The aim of this research was to develop a method of system identification that would draw inspiration from the approach taken by human experts for simulation model tuning and validation. Human experts are able to utilize their natural pattern recognition ability to identify the various shape attributes, or signatures, of a time series from simulation model outputs. They can also intelligently and effectively perform tasks ranging from system identification to model validation. However, the feature extraction approach employed by them cannot be readily automated due to the difficulty in measuring shape attributes. In order to bridge the gap between the approach taken by human experts and those employed for traditional iterative approaches, a method to quantify the shape attributes was devised.
The method presented in this dissertation, the Parameter Signature Isolation Method (PARSIM), uses continuous wavelet transformation to characterize specific aspects of the time series shape through surfaces in the time-scale domain. A salient characteristic of these surfaces is their enhanced delineation of the model outputs and/or their sensitivities. One benefit of this enhanced delineation is the capacity to isolate regions of the time-scale plane, coined as parameter signatures, wherein individual output sensitivities dominate all the others. The parameter signatures enable the estimation of each model parameter error separately with applicability to parameter estimation. The proposed parameter estimation method has unique features, one of them being the capacity for noise suppression, wherein the feature of relying entirely on the time-scale domain for parameter estimation offers direct noise compensation in this domain. Yet another utility of parameter signatures is in measurement selection, whereby the existence of parameter signatures is attributed to the identifiability of model parameters through various outputs.
The effectiveness of PARSIM is demonstrated through an array of theoretical models, such as the Lorenz System and the Van der Pol oscillator, as well as through the real-world simulation models of an injection molding process and a jet engine.
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Tham, Kevin Vun Kiat. "PVT Compensation for Single-Slope Measurement Systems." 2011. http://trace.tennessee.edu/utk_gradthes/915.
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A pulse-width locked loop (PWLL) circuit is reported that compensates for process, voltage, and temperature (PVT) variations of a linear ramp generator within a 12-bit multi-channel Wilkinson (single-slope integrating) Analog-to-Digital (ADC). This PWLL was designed and fabricated in a 0.5-um Silicon Germanium (SiGe) BiCMOS process. The PWLL architecture that is comprised of a phase detector, a charge-pump, and a pulse width modulator (PWM), is discussed along with the design details of the primary blocks. Simulation and silicon measurement data are shown that demonstrate a large improvement in the accuracy of the PVT-compensated ADC over the uncompensated ADC.
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Chang, Ming-Sheng, and 張明生. "Novel monitoring method with error compensation." Thesis, 2007. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/46163086961398559383.
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碩士國立中央大學
光電科學研究所碩士在職專班
95
We introduced a way to estimate the fluctuation of refractive index during thin film deposition through an optical monitor. The thicknesses and error compensated thickness for each layer were analyzed. A novel monitoring method was thereby derived. With revised refractive index and the choice of high sensitive monitoring wavelengths helps us to predict the termination points more accurately. The performance of a narrow band pass filter monitored by this method was demonstrated.
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Chao, Chung-yen, and 趙宗彥. "Semiconductor gratings for dispersion compensation and temperature measurement." Thesis, 1997. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/52742403753442672355.
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碩士國立臺灣大學
光電工程學研究所
85
Semiconductor gratings with periods ranging from 180 nm to 550 nm were successfully fabricated using prism interferometry. Besides the conventional etching technique,we discovered an direct ablation process for fabricating short-period gratings onsemiconductors. The light source for interferometry is the fourth harmonic ofa Q-switched Nd:YAG laser with wavelength at 266 nm. The ablation process makes useof the high peak power of the pulsed laser to directly melt and spurt semiconductormaterials. Gratings can be directly written. The design of chirped gratings for dispersion compensation is of our interest. Weused the effective-index method to simulate dispersion compensators. The simulation results can provide guidance for the design. Curved waveguides on uniform gratings were considered to realize the effects of chirped gratings. On the other hand, semiconductor gratings can be used for temperature measurements.Due to thermal expansion, the grating period changes with temperature. By recording the variation of the -1 order diffraction angle, the change of the period with temperature can be calibrated. Our measurement results of silicon gratings are quite consistent with the theoretical predictions after the samples are rapid thermally annealed.
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Huang, Cheng-Yue, and 黃正岳. "Flatness Measurement and Compensation of the Machine Tools." Thesis, 2014. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/32rd96.
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碩士國立虎尾科技大學
自動化工程研究所
102
Now the machine tools industry is very prevailed, there are different types of machine tools. If the machine is too large, it will produce errors. If we can write a program to do measurement and do error compensation, we can improve the precision of machine tools. That is the purpose of this study. The purpose of this research is to compensate the Z axis error for long travel column machine. First thing we need to do is to build the error map of the working plane for machine tools. When the error map is constructed, it can be used to compensate the error. In this research we use laser light and position sensing detector to measure the straightness error of the machine tool. After measured position error of all the plane error, we can use curve fitting method to obtain the error map. Then, compensate the X-Y plane error of machine tools can be done.
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Lo, Chih-Chung, and 羅至中. "Monoscopic Depth Map Compensation Using Recursive Method." Thesis, 2012. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/90819605952046588000.
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碩士國立交通大學
電信工程研究所
101
This paper presents a method for depth map estimation from monoscopic video. To estimate depth from single image, some depth cues such as texture is used for initial guess. However motion vectors between current frame and previous frame is more often used. Most methods combine these cues linearly to get initial depth map estimation. However no systematic approach is available for weight estimation. Thus a recursive method is proposed for depth map estimation. After we got initial depth map, we can compute a left/right image pair by DIBR(depth image based rendering). Then this image pair can be used to compute disparity map by using DP(dynamic programming) based on stereo vision. DP takes the depth relation between pixels into account while the initial depth map estimation does not. So this disparity map get smoother depth estimation and fix the problem inside foreground objects. With this new depth map, recursive depth map compensation is used to derive a better depth estimation. Experiment results show our method can improve the original depth map and further more derive the stereo images with better visual comfort.
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Lin, Chia-Hsiung, and 林珈雄. "Compensation Method Design For Stereo Vision Deficiency." Thesis, 2011. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/h586k5.
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碩士亞東技術學院
資訊與通訊工程研究所
99
Human eyes are important organs of vision, through which people acquire visual perceptions. Binocular vision yields a visual image in parallax, and then, through analysis and blending of the brain, creates a stereoscopic vision, by which the eyes detect the relative distance of stereoscopic objects in the sightline, judge the absolute distance of the object from the observer, and even the thickness of the object. However, if visual impairment, due to congenital or acquired factors, leads to monocular vision or the brain’s ability to analyze and blend visual images transmitted from the eyes, safety could be affected from the inability to judge the distance of objects in the sightline from the human body. Considering this problem, this thesis designed an auxiliary device for individuals with impaired stereoscopic vision using a double-lens camera or two video extraction devices (e.g. webcam) that simulates human vision to extract images in the sightline and transmit them to a compensatory system for processing, which utilizes image processing techniques to render parallax estimation, judge distance, cut images, as well as edge detection of stereoscopic objects, and then, produces new compensatory images in a display. The experimental results show that, the compensatory images contain auxiliary information of stereoscopic vision, such as the absolute distance of three-dimensional objects in the sightline, and the relative distances of objects from the observer. For those with impaired stereoscopic vision, such information could assist them in judging distances from stereoscopic objects in their surrounding, further reducing the possibility of collision. This visual impairment compensation method is based on real-time video analysis, and processing by double lens is a novel design. It is anticipated that, through DSP, etc, this compensation device will become smaller in size, rendering it easily portable, and become commercialized as a humanized auxiliary device, which can help those with impaired stereoscopic vision to judge surrounding information, providing a safer environment.
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Chen, Yen-Bo, and 陳彥博. "A Dynamic Compensation Method for Biomedical Signal." Thesis, 2015. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/xzgc56.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立中興大學
資訊科學與工程學系
103
With the development of the wearable devices, the demand for personal physiological signal measurement devices will become more and more popular. We hope to provide users a wearable device with long time measurement capability. In this thesis, a front-end circuit of measurement for various biomedical signal is discussed to cope with the issues of external stray capacitance, common mode noise from environment, and DC offset existing in the circuit. We propose the compensation capacitance mechanism to neutralize the effect of stray capacitance, remove DC offset in low frequency component to avoid the signal saturation, and eliminate common mode noise with feedback approach. Our measurement uses piezo resistive sensor to capture vibration movement of radial artery on the wrist. In addition, we use wet electrode adhesive on the chest in Lead I to get the measurement of ECG signal. Finally, the output signal of the circuit is obtained as an input signal to the A/D interface of embedded platform. The wrist pulse and ECG signals can be obtained with qualified quality for back-end analysis by using an adjustable feedback mechanism.
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Yang, Jang-Jia, and 楊櫂嘉. "Friction Compensation for Nanoscale Tracking Control Method." Thesis, 2012. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/daqk67.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立虎尾科技大學
自動化工程研究所
100
In the mechanical control system, there exist friction force, and it can degrade the performance of the control system. Especially in high-precision system, the effect of friction can’t be ignored. To overcome the effects of friction, the best way is to establish a friction model of the system and use this model to compensate the system. In this paper, the Maxwell slip model based inverse friction model is proposed. This inverse model takes both the system dynamics and friction force into account. For estimating the parameters of this model, a two-phase hybrid optimization scheme is used. The first phase utilizes Genetic Algorithm-based optimization and the second phase utilizes Minimized Least Square method. Finally, the inverse model used the feed forward controller in combination in combination with PID controller and Sliding-mode controller as the feedback controller in used to control a linear guide way supported stage to demonste the performance of the proposed method.
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Tsai, Ming-Hong, and 蔡明宏. "A Temperature Compensation Method to Infrared Microbolometer." Thesis, 2000. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/98384226075272842430.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立交通大學
光電工程所
88
The purpose of this research is to study the method of ambient compensation of infrared microbolometer. All thermal-conductivity-type sensors are strongly affected by the ambient temperature variation, which results in thermal drift at sensor output. Hence it is always necessary to provide a way of compensating the drift, when a microbolometer is used for radiation measurement. A special dummy compensation method is used. Using silicon micromachining technique, a sensor and a dummy are made on the silicon die with identical very linearly dependent Pt material. Therefore the temperature variation results in a common-mode noise in both devices and can be easily reduced. The sensor and dummy are drived by two constant current sources forming a bridge. The drift can be reduced by adjusting the dummy current to a specific value related to the sensor current. The results of the experiment shows that the drift can be reduced to an extent of 0.14V/°C. In the study an electronic thermal model created by Spice language is also built to simulate our circuit and to verify correctly of compensation theory.
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黃啟亮. "Study on the Distance Compensation of Static Electric Measurement." Thesis, 2013. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/66247999284543015652.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立彰化師範大學
機電工程學系
101
In the general environment, there are a variety of different modes of static, which are mostly incurred by human beings. Mechanical static and body static will cause damage on all products, such as emerging 3D TVs and TFT-LCD. The manufacturing process of some technology will be laminated or tear up the film with lens effect and then static electric capacity of up to several kV will be produced. The produced static electric could undermine circuit design or appearance of their products. Measuring electric charge on the surface is an important subject. As for this study, we propose and design a novel method "electronic switch structure" for sensing experiments. For the purpose of improving the sensitivity of micro-power sensing, we would like to replace the general static measurement, which alters the sensing unit area or the sensing unit distance with a mechanical way. This kind of measuring electric charge method will affect output value by different distance. In this research, we produce and simulate the circuit which is used to study the phenomenon of induced voltage changed with different distance. The positive and negative electric charge will be separated with use of the capacitor. Due to the differential voltage characteristics, the digital data will be measured by electronic switching action of charging and discharging. Moreover, according to the distance and the resulting voltage measured by the infrared sensors, we could write the equation of a trend line. Keywords: Micro-power measurement,Non-contact measurement electrostatic voltage,ESD
40
Huang, Chi-Chang, and 黃啟彰. "Image-Base Distance Measurement Method." Thesis, 2007. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/eewpcj.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立臺灣科技大學
資訊工程系
95
This thesis proposes a unique image-based distance measurement method incorporating two green laser projectors for generating two laser beams in parallel onto a distant object under measurement. Because of the green spots projected on the objects, pixel counts between the laser spots in images taken at different photographing distances will be different. By identifying the positions of the laser-projected spots in images based on colors and intensity information, the pixel counts between the laser-projected spots can be calculated for measuring the distance between the object and the CCD camera. Note that the proposed distance measurement method is not an ultrasonic reflection or laser reflection method. Furthermore, pattern recognition or image analysis of the whole image is not performed in the proposed approach. As a result, high-speed DSP processors are no longer required. To improve measurement accuracy, a mechanism is also proposed in this thesis to identify a set of intrinsic parameters for all kinds of CCD cameras. Therefore, any digital (video) cameras can be used to measure the distance from a distant object as well as the length of two arbitrarily designated points on the object via the proposed method. Experiment results have demonstrated that the proposed measuring method is capable of yielding accurate results of three-dimensional measurement for a distant object in a very responsive way. The viability of the proposed method also reveals the possibility of a commercial product in the future.
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Ma, Chen-Jung, and 馬振榮. "Triglyceride measurement using electrochemistry method." Thesis, 2017. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/hap4df.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立中央大學
光電科學與工程學系
105
In this thesis, glucose measurement methodology was used to modify the glucose test strip to test triglyceride and hence change the home-use glucose test meter to home-use triglyceride test meter. Through electrochemistry principle of the strip, triglyceride was first breaks into H2O2, and electron was being released through oxidation reduction process which was then being captured by the carbon-printed electro circuit board of test strip, which was being given with certain electric voltage by the home-use triglyceride test meter, to form electro current while the voltage generated was received by the meter. OP amplifier used not only amplifies the micro current, but also regresses the signal to be linear regression concurrently. Through A/D conversion, the linear regression was then proportional to the triglyceride concentration in the sample. With the standard calibration parameter, triglyceride in the blood serum sample was capable to be calculated and displayed on the meter’s liquid-crystal display.
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Liu, Han-Ren, and 劉瀚仁. "Transient method for viscosity measurement." Thesis, 2013. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/85331058892029328169.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立臺灣大學
應用力學研究所
101
In this study, we established a probe tack tester to measure fluid rheological properties by this miniaturized squeezing & stretching system. Instead of traditional plate, I used a smaller probe which had the advantages of low fluid & time consumption. First, we studied the mechanism of squeezing & stretching test quantitatively, and we found the Scott theory can predict experiment results well under the lubrication conditions. And then we explain how to calibration the compliance and damper effect of the transducer. The experimental results with the transient measurement method, which proposed in this thesis, can calculated the rheological properties of the fluids. The measurement results found the error between the standard value and measured value of silicone oil viscosity within 5%, and for the rheological properties of the non-Newtonian fluid, the measured rheological trends also corresponding the standard value in the high shear strain range, it shows this method can be applied in the measurement of the viscosity of the Newtonian fluid and non-Newtonian fluid, with the advantages of low fluid & time consumption. In addition to the measurement of viscosity, mechanical concept is also explained of various experiments, as the based on the quantitative analysis of the viscoelastic squeezing and stretching viscous fluid.
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CHANG, PO-WEI, and 張珀瑋. "Five-axis Machine Tool Dynamic Accuracy Measurement and Compensation Approach." Thesis, 2011. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/27588072685755607044.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立勤益科技大學
電子工程系
99
Five-axis machine tools can improve manufacturing precision, efficiency, and process significantly thus minimize production time, expand application of new processing techniques, reduce fixture spending, and increase productivity considerably. However with a conventional five-shaft design, a five-axis machine tool can accumulate undesirable errors during its multi-axis operation, while its capability in precision-control is of greater importance and complexity than that of a three-axis machine tool. The development in precision control to achieve greater dynamic accuracy within five-axis machine tools is therefore one of many important improvements that can be addressed to further enhance performance. It is of primary importance and urgency to improve the accuracy and quality of the machine tools in order to meet or exceed the performance set by those foreign-built machine tools. Precision is always the number one objective for any machine tools, followed by speed, performance, features and so on. The five-axis machine tool consists of three translational and two rotational axes. The average distribution in speed to all five axes is not easily achieved with the addition of two rotational axes. To improve the precision of five-axis machine tools, appropriate error compensation in speed between different axes is thus necessary. This paper presents a methodology in quantifying system dynamic error and measuring axes’ precision to improve the accuracy of a five-axis machine tool performance. Data from two rotational axes measuring system and Double Ball Bar (DBB) instrumentation along with the measured axes’ momentum path are fed into a five-axis CNC system. The differential in precision from dynamic and geometric errors of measurement line is obtained and compensated through an error analysis processed within a machine controller. The resulting signal for correction of the operation is sent from the controller to a position feedback encoder to obtain a more accurate displacement. This methodology and process can significantly improve the precision five-axis machines.
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Wang, Wei-Ru, and 王唯儒. "An Optical Fiber Grating-based Measurement System with Temperature Compensation." Thesis, 2011. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/14202980385531463253.
Full textAbstract:
碩士逢甲大學
自動控制工程所
99
The fiber Bragg grating (FBG) measurement system with temperature compensation is developed based on Optoelectronic technology to achieve goals of small, low-cost, high accuracy and portable. The FBG sensors are used to measure weights by checking the center wavelength shift. Long period fiber grating structure senses by demodulating a center wavelength shift of reflected light to sense the energy response due to the physical changes. The temperature compensation is designed by using two FBGs with designing central wavelengths of 1562.76 nm and 1563.06 nm respectively, the reflectivity over 90 %, the full width at half maximum of 0.245 nm and 0.243 nm, one for strain and temperature measurement simultaneously, and the other only for temperature sensing. These two gratings have the same temperature sensitivity and their signal can be subtracted to catch temperature compensation effect. The photo detectors for measuring light intensity are used to convert optical signal into electrical signal. Measured data are analyzed by averaging to compare signal synchronization for reducing transmission delay error. The measured information displays on the LCD and a human-machine interface with data storage to achieve the fiber grating measurement and control as one. Experimental results show that the sensitivity of weight measurements is 6.0 mV/g and the average absolute error 0.46 % in the measurement range of 0 to 70 g. The dynamic temperature compensation sensitivity is 4.9 mV/℃ and the average absolute error 0.51 % in the measurement range of 30 to 60 ℃.
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Shih, Hsiang-Jen, and 石翔仁. "Polarization Mode Dispersion Measurement and Compensation in Fiber Transmission System." Thesis, 2002. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/00002967886962958390.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立交通大學
光電工程所
90
Transmission bandwidth is seriously insufficient owing to the requirement of the information acquiring has developed in exponential growth. The improvement of the DWDM technology has solved some problem, but the requirement of communication is still in development. As the increasing of the transmission bit rate and the transmission length, some phenomenons, which can be ignored before, become more and more important today. The polarization mode dispersion (PMD) is a good example. In this thesis, we start the discussion from the physical mechanism and phenomenon of PMD. We take advantages of these physical phenomenons to establish a complete measurement and examination system and study the proper way to compensate PMD base on these structures. We also discuss the way of using a polarization maintaining fiber (PMF) with a fixed differential group delay to manufacture an auto compensation system, which is useful for kinds of fiber transmission systems. Besides, using these measurement and compensation systems, combining the short pulse, we can proceed with the experiments about the PMD effects in soliton transmission system in order to proof the theory that there exist weaker PMD effects in soliton transmission system.
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Hung, Yu-sin, and 洪玉璽. "Post-Weld-Shift Measurement and Compensation in Butterfly Laser Modules." Thesis, 2005. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/86645573342162131163.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立中山大學
光電工程研究所
93
We investigate the post-weld-shift(PWS) induced fiber alignment shift in butterfly laser packaging. For high-speed laser modules in lightwave communication systems, the butterfly laser modules are widely used. When laser welding is applied to assemble a butterfly package, it is usually necessary to have mechanical elements such as substrates, fiber ferrule, and clip of house materials to facilitate fiber handing and retention within the package. However, during the process, rapid solidification of the welded region and associated material shrinkage often cause a post-weld-shift between welded components. The PWS significantly affects the package yield. A novel measurement and compensation technique employing a high-magnification camera with image capturing system (HMCICS) to probe the post-weld-shift (PWS) induced fiber alignment shifts in high-performance butterfly-type laser module packages is studied. The results show that the direction and magnitude of the fiber alignment shifts induced by the PWS in laser-welded butterfly-type laser module packaging can be quantitatively determined and then compensated. The increased coupling efficiency after this PWS compensation was from 3% to 10%. This HMCICS technique has provided an important tool for quantitative measurement and compensation to the effect of the PWS on the fiber alignment shifts in laser module packages. Therefore, the reliable butterfly-type laser modules with a high yield and a high performance used in lightwave transmission systems can be developed.
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Fan, Chi-Wei, and 范啟威. "Clock Jitter Measurement and Compensation for Analog-to-Digital Converters." Thesis, 2010. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/59549665262682053701.
Full textAbstract:
博士國立交通大學
電子研究所
99
In a modern communication receiver, the received continuous-time analog signal is quantized into a discrete-time digital sequence by an analog-to-digital converter (ADC) so that the complex signal processing can be performed in the digital domain. The ADC requires a periodic clock as a timing reference for input sampling. If the sampling clock exhibits jitter, the ADC suers from sampling errors and its signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) performance is degraded. For a low-speed low-resolution ADC, the sampling error due to clock jitter is not crucial. As the progress of advanced communication system, the operation speed and the resolution of the ADC are also increased. An accurate sampling clock is essential for a high-speed high-resolution ADC. Clock jitter can be measured and digitized by a time-to-digital converter (TDC). With appropriate calibration technique, the output code of the TDC can be translated in to the corresponding jitter information. This jitter information is then used to compensate the ADC D s sampling error in the digital domain, improving the ADC D s SNR performance. This thesis presents a clock jitter measurement and compensation scheme for analog-to-digital converters. A 7-bit 80-MS/s TDC was fabricated using a 65 nm CMOS technology. The clock jitter of an ADC is measured by the TDC. We also demonstrate a new digital calibration technique for the TDC. The calibration can be performed in the background without interrupting the normal ADC and TDC operation. The proposed technique is immune to device and interconnection mismatches, and is not sensitive to the waveforms of the input clocks either. The resolution of the 7-bit TDC is 0.27 ps. The TDC occupies a die area of 0.1mm^2 while consuming 20 mW from a 1.2 V supply. The TDC is applied to a 16-bit ADC for the clock jitter measurement and compensation. Two dierent system scenarios are covered: 1) an ADC with a clean external clock and 2) an ADC with an external clock as the main jitter source. For the first scenario, the SNR of the 16-bit ADC is improved from 71.2 dB to 77.3 dB for an optimized delay-locked loop (DLL) and 60.8 dB to 74.4 dB for an ill-conditioned DLL by the jitter correction at a sine wave input frequency of 29 MHz. For the second scenario, the proposed jitter correction technique achieves an equivalent sampling jitter root-mean-squared value (rms) of 4 ps when the jitter rms of the original sampling clock is 8.2 ps.
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Chun, Chien, and 華建鈞. "Thermal error measurement and compensation of a horizontal machining center." Thesis, 2008. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/65832085454893595328.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立中正大學
機械工程所
96
The thermal error is considered as the significant factor to deteriorate of the machine center accuracy. In order to overcome this problem, a real time compensation for spindle thermal error is presented. And the feasibility of this approach has also been proved. This study presents the process of thermal error measurement and compensation of a horizontal machining center. After analyzing the issues of spindle thermal displacement, we can find that factor of the thermal error are temperature, spindle speed, etc. and then build a spindle thermal displacement modeled by using auto regressive exogenous method. A thermal error compensation system with microcontroller module of industrialization -WinCon 8000 has been built, and this WinCon 8000 is set up to deal with the model and communicate with the CNC controller to compensate errors. The experiment results show that the thermal error compensation system can effectively restrain the thermal error within 10μm.
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Chang, Chun-Hung, and 張椿宏. "A Capacitor Sharing Method for Multi-Stage Offset Compensation." Thesis, 2001. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/45458797045624723672.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立清華大學
電子工程研究所
89
We propose a capacitor sharing method for multi-stage offset compensation. The offset voltage of the 1st stage can be compensated using the difference of voltages at output between two phases. The offset voltage of the 2nd stage can be canceled using a closed loop auto-zero compensation technique ( input storage ). Only one capacitor is required for a multi-stage circuit in case of single-ended implementation. The method can be applied to many types of a multi-stage circuit. Such as comparators, frequency shift keying (FSK) signal process system and so on. In the application of comparators, for example, only one capacitor is needed between two pre-amplifiers that are serial connection to compensate offset voltages. We proposed three comparator circuits with switched-capacitor amplifiers or switched-resistor amplifiers based on ping-pong structure. They can increase the active time. Similarly in the FSK signal process system, only one capacitor is needed between the high-pass filter and hysteresis limiter that are serial connection to compensate offset voltages. Such a circuit is mixed-signal mode, and thus we need to use the CADANCE tools to design the circuit. The HSPICE simulation of the designed compensation circuit shows that the input offset voltage can be reduced to less than 0.3%. It is realized by using TSMC 0.35mm CMOS process. The measurement result shows that we can reduce the offset voltage to mv level. The results prove that the capacitor sharing method is useful for multi-stage offset compensation.
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Ke, Lun. "A method of light reflectance measurement." Thesis, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/9176.
Full textAbstract:
The quality of light reflectance models in realistic image synthesis is directly related to
the quality of computer generated images. In order to develop such models, actual light reflectance
distribution data are required. One way to express the reflectance properties of a surface
is called bidirectional reflectance distribution function, or BRDF. BRDF is a function with
four degrees of freedom, two for the direction of incident light and two for the direction of
reflected light. It requires acquiring large amount of data through measurements and the process
is very time consuming.
In this thesis, an automated measurement method is presented and implemented. A 3-
channel CCD camera is calibrated and used as the light measuring device. The system used is
called ACME (ACtive Measurement Facilities). Within ACME, all devices in the system are
under robotics control. Experiments are written in Java, and can be loaded from any machine
via Internet and run on the local server.
Several material samples are measured by using this system including paper and silk,
and reliable data were obtained. The overall error is estimated to be less than 8 % . It can be
concluded that a CCD camera can be used to measure light reflectance properties for computer
graphics, and it is relatively fast and convenient.