Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'The blockchain ledger'
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Silva, Carlos Eduardo de Abrantes Vaz e. Távora Vasconcelos da. "Da fraude marítima - são as distributed ledger technologies (blockchain) uma solução?" Master's thesis, Instituto Superior de Economia e Gestão, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/18463.
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Mestrado em Gestão e Estratégia IndustrialEstima-se que a fraude marítima - fraude cometida envolvendo navios e ou carga transportada por via marítima - cause actualmente perdas e prejuízos que podem ascender anualmente a vários biliões de dólares americanos. O transporte marítimo de mercadorias é uma actividade abrangentemente regulada por via do direito marítimo, pelo que, a compreensão da natureza jurídica do navio ou o estudo do alcance que determinados documentos comportam, como o conhecimento de embarque (Bill of Lading), são aspectos necessários ao entendimento das particularidades da fraude marítima. A par da complexidade legal e documental intrínsecas às actividades de transporte marítimo de mercadorias, aspectos como o seu carácter internacional e o elevado número de agentes que intervêm no sector, são vistos como factores críticos à ocorrência de fraudes na esfera do transporte marítimo. Com base neste enquadramento, a investigação conclui que a tecnologia Blockchain, enquanto uma DLT - Distributed Ledger Technology, especialmente por via da resolução da problemática do double spending sem recurso a uma entidade centralizadora, e uma vez ultrapassados os desafios de adopção generalizada da tecnologia, pode vir a mitigar ou mesmo resolver grande parte da problemática da fraude marítima tal qual se conhece, especialmente a de carácter documental.
It is estimated that maritime fraud - fraud involving ships and / or cargo transported by sea - is currently causing losses up to several billion US dollars annually. Maritime freight is an activity that is broadly regulated through maritime law, so understanding the legal nature of the ship or examining the scope of certain documents, such as the Bill of Lading, is necessary to comprehend the maritime fraud. In addition to the legal and documentary complexity inherent in maritime freight transport activities, aspects such as its international character and the large number of agents involved in the sector are seen as critical factors for the occurrence of maritime fraud. Based on this framework, the research concluded that Blockchain technology, while DLT - Distributed Ledger Technology, especially by solving the problem of double spending without recourse to a centralization entity, and once overcome the challenges of general adoption of the technology, can mitigate or even solve much of the problems of maritime fraud as it is known, especially those involving documents.
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Jonéus, Carl. "Analysis of Scalable Blockchain Technology in the Capital Market." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Avdelningen för datalogi, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-326151.
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Financial interactions on the capital market involve a wide variety of actors and processes. The requirement of security and privacy results to a large extent in non-shared and unintegrated databases among the different parties, leading to complex, time consuming and costly procedures. The last decade's introduction of innovative blockchain technologies such as Bitcoin, has brought attention to the possibilities of decentralized peer-to-peer networking in general, and its potential influence in the financial sector in particular. This master thesis investigates the possibilities for the capital market to adapt such a system from a technical point of view, with main focus on scalability. The analysis covers crucial aspects such as a peer-to-peer application's ability to handle large transaction volumes while maintaining security. The degree project also includes continued work on Visigon's blockchain application prototype with main focus on the network communication, as well as simulations of its performance capability. Results from the simulations showed that the transaction throughput capacity is limited to the time of broadcasting the transaction to the network, and thus decreasing linearly with increasing network size. The required time for handling other parts in the process appears constant and takes up a small fraction of the total time, therefore future work lays in further optimization of the communication protocol.
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Sahlin, Emma, and Rebecka Levenby. "Blockchain in audit trails : An investigation of how blockchain can help auditors to implement audit trails." Thesis, Högskolan i Jönköping, Internationella Handelshögskolan, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-39733.
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Background: Blockchain have attracted a lot of attention in the last few years. It has been described as a technology that will increase the effectiveness of monitoring and improve the auditability of transactions which would have great implications for accountants and auditors. Purpose: The purpose of this study is to investigate how blockchain can help auditors to implement audit trails. The aim is to increase awareness about what the blockchain technology is, investigate if blockchain can be used in audit trails and if it can contribute to more cost-effective, reliable and secure audit trail. Methodology: The study is an exploratory research to increase the knowledge and understanding of blockchain and audit trails. It has a qualitative approach where primary data is collected from a semi-structured interview with Deloitte. Conclusion: The results indicates that there exists a gap in the literature of previously research on blockchain in relation to audit trails that needs further investigation. Furthermore, this study shows that blockchain is a technology with a lot of potential, but knowledge is still limited. This study concludes that there is too little research conducted to be able to provide any conclusive evidence. Due to findings and limitations of this research, suggestions for further research is provided.
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Mononga, Omphile. "A framework for organisational adoption of blockchain technology in the financial services sector." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/81688.
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The financial services sector is riddled with efficiency challenges and high costs resulting from the use of legacy financial systems. A solution for these challenges exists in the form of blockchain technology. However, adoption of blockchain in the financial services sector remains a challenge for several reasons. Key to this is the fact that the technology is still new, and there is a lack of clear information on how management of financial institutions can configure their organisations to prepare them for the adoption of the new technology. By investigating the technological aspects of blockchain technology; the organisational preparedness for adoption; and the environmental dynamics of financial services; this paper presents a framework for organisational adoption of blockchain technology. This framework will assist organisations to first reconfigure themselves to prepare for technological adoption; and second, align themselves to the requirements of adoption of blockchain technology. Through in-depth, semi-structured interviews with experts in the global financial services sector, it was found that there is a methodological approach to the adoption of blockchain technology. Blockchain advocates within organisations will be able to conduct an internal introspection into efficiency challenges they face, learn about blockchain technology, build a business case for adoption, reconfigure the organisation, align the organisation, and adopt blockchain to accord the organisation the necessary efficiencies.Mini Dissertation (MBA)--University of Pretoria, 2021.
Gordon Institute of Business Science (GIBS)
MBA
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Genova, Galya Ivalinova. "La Tecnologia Blockchain." Bachelor's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2017.
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Blockchain è una tecnologia per la condivisione di dati, decentralizzata, tansazionale ed è una rete composta di partecipanti non attendibili. Questa tecnologia presenta architetture software distribuite, dove i componenti trovano accordi per i loro stati condivisi senza fidarsi di un punto di intermedio o di eventuali partecipanti (terze parti). Blockchain è un connettore software, che contribuisce a rendere importanti le considerazioni architetturali sulle prestazioni e gli attributi di qualità, ad esempio: la sicurezza, la privacy, la scalabilità e la sostenibilità, del sistema.
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Jönelid, Erik, and Axel Blomberg. "Blockchain och patientjournalsystem : En undersökning i genomförbarhet." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för informatik och media, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-355931.
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Uppsatsen tar upp blockchain-teknologin och undersöker om den kan användas vid hantering av patientjournaler i ett svenskt patientjournalsystem. Genom att kombinera en genomförbarhetsstudie och SWOT-analys har tre aspekter; tekniska, legala och organisatoriska undersökts med hjälp av perspektiven från SWOT. De tekniska, legala och organisatoriska aspekterna berör viktiga faktorer och frågor som bör uppfyllas för ett projekt ska anses genomförbart. Uppsatsen är en explorativ fallstudie med dokumentanalys som metod. Primärt har akademisk litteratur samt lagar och författningar undersökts och analyserats. Med hjälp av informationen från insamlade dokument analyseras och diskuteras innehållet utifrån teknisk, legal genomförbarhet och organisatorisk genomförbarhet. Den tekniska samt legala aspekten antyder att blockchain i dess nuvarande form inte är genomförbart för att användas som stöd i svenskt patientjournalsystem. Emellertid har en hög genomförbarhet identifierats inom den organisatoriska aspekten.This paper examines whether blockchain-technology can be used to assist an EHR system (electronic health records) in Sweden. By combining a feasibility study and SWOT-analysis, three major aspects; technical, legal and organizational, have been examined with help from the perspectives in SWOT. The aspects cover key factors and questions which ought to be fulfilled for a project to be considered feasible. An exploratory case study has been conducted combined with the method of document analysis. The documents have primarily consisted of academic literature and law acts and constitutions such as GDPR. The feasibility aspects have been analysed and discussed with the help of found literature. The technical and legal aspects suggest that the use of blockchain in its current shape and form is not feasible in assisting an EHR system. However, within the organizational aspect, a high level of feasibility has been concluded
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Palm, Emanuel. "The Performance, Interoperability and Integration of Distributed Ledger Technologies." Licentiate thesis, Luleå tekniska universitet, EISLAB, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:ltu:diva-74046.
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In the wake of the financial crisis of 2008, Bitcoin emerged as a radical new alternative to the fiat currencies of the traditional banking sector. Through the use of a novel kind of probabilistic consensus algorithm, Bitcoin proved it possible to guarantee the integrity of a digital currency by relying on network majority votes instead of trusted institutions. By showing that it was technically feasible to, at least to some extent, replace the entire banking sector with computers, many significant actors started asking what else this new technology could help automate. A subsequent, seemingly inevitable, wave of efforts produced a multitude of new distributed ledger systems, architectures and applications, all somehow attempting to leverage distributed consensus algorithms to replace trusted intermediaries, facilitating value ownership, transfer and regulation. In this thesis, we scrutinize distributed ledger technologies in terms of how they could help facilitate the digitization of contractual cooperation, especially in the context of the supply chain and manufacturing industries. Concretely, we consider them from three distinct technical perspectives, (1) performance, (2) interoperability and (3) integration. Voting systems, with or without probabilistic mechanisms, require significant time and resources to operate, for which reason it becomes relevant to investigate how the costs of running those systems can be mitigated. In particular, we consider how a blockchain, a form of distributed ledger, can be pruned to in order to reduce disk space requirements. Furthermore, no technical system part of a larger business is an island, but will have to be able to interoperate with other systems to maximize the opportunity for automation. For this reason, we also consider how transparent message translation between systems could be facilitated, as well as presenting a formalism for expressing the syntactic structure of message payloads. Finally, we propose a concrete architecture, the Exchange Network, that models contractual interactions as negotiations about token exchanges rather than as function invocations and state machine transitions, which we argue lowers the barrier to compatibility with conventional legal and business practices. Even if no more trusted institutions could be replaced by any forthcoming distributed ledger technologies, we believe contractual interactions becoming more digital would lead to an increased opportunity for using computers to monitor, assist or even directly participate in the negotiation, management and tracking of business agreements, which we see as more than enough to warrant the cost of further developing of the technology. Such computer involvement may not just save time and reduce costs, but could also enable new kinds of computer-driven economies. In the long run, this may enable new levels of resource optimization, and not just within large organizations, but also smaller companies, or even the homes of families and individuals.
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Kendric, Hood A. "Improving Cryptocurrency Blockchain Security and Availability Adaptive Security and Partitioning." Kent State University / OhioLINK, 2020. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=kent1595038779436782.
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Backlund, Ludvig. "A technical overview of distributed ledger technologies in the Nordic capital market." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Avdelningen för datalogi, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-298810.
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This thesis examines how Distributed Ledger Technologies (DLTs) could be utilized in capital markets in general and in the Nordic capital market in particular. DLTs were introduced with the so called cryptocurrency Bitcoin in 2009 and has in the last few years been of interest to various financial institutions as a means to streamline financial processes. By combining computer scientific concepts such as public-key cryptography and consensus algorithms DLTs make it possible to keep shared databases with limited trust among the participators and without the use of a trusted third party. In this thesis various actors on the Nordic capital market were interviewed and their stance on DLTs were summarized. In addition to this a Proof of Concept of a permissioned DLT application for ownership registration of securities was constructed. It was found that all the interviewees were generally optimistic about DLTs potential to increase the efficiency of capital markets. The technology needs to be adopted to handle the capital markets demand for privacy and large transaction volumes, but there is a general agreement among the interviewees that these issues will be solved. The biggest challenge for an adoption of DLTs seem to lie in that of finding a common industry-wide standard.
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Maffi, Alfredo. "Blockchain and beyond: proactive logic smart contracts." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2018. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/17013/.
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Blockchain-based smart contracts are computer programs which run on top of a blockchain in order to enforce the terms of an agreement between mutually-untrusted parties without the need of a trusted intermediary. With their actual implementations, smart contracts are passive entities, that is, they do nothing until one of the parties explicitly trigger them. As a result, they are not able to "actively" participate in the execution of the agreement. Furthermore, since they are deployed on the blockchain, their source code is immutable and cannot be adapted as changes in the real world occur over time. In this thesis, we rethink blockchain-based smart contracts as proactive and logic entities to overcome the aforementioned issues. In our vision, smart contracts are "proactive" in the sense that they can act without necessarily being triggered by one of their parties, and "logic" in the sense that their business logic is expressed by means of logic programming, allowing for a controllable mutability of their behaviour over time through meta programming. In this work, we analyse the problems which arise as soon as smart contracts are designed as proactive entities, carrying out a feasibility study for their implementation in the first place. Subsequently, we implement a system which supports their execution as a proof-of-concept for our idea. Finally, we show how our proactive smart
contracts can be used to further enforce the terms of a contract with respect to three different use cases. This work represents a first step towards our final end, which consists in the realization of fully autonomous smart contracts, able to reason about the world and automatically act against violations committed with respect to the agreement's terms.
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Bross, Philipp. "The potentials of Blockchain technology in logistics." Thesis, Internationella Handelshögskolan, Högskolan i Jönköping, IHH, Informatik, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-39132.
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Background: Blockchain technology is recently receiving a lot of attention from researchers as well as from many different industries. There are promising application areas for the logistics sector like digital document exchange and tracking of goods, but there is no existing research on these topics. This thesis aims to contribute to the research of information systems in logistics in combination with Blockchain technology. Purpose: The purpose of this research is to explore the capabilities of Blockchain technology regarding the concepts of privacy, transparency and trust. In addition, the requirements of information systems in logistics regarding the mentioned concepts are studied and brought in relation to the capabilities of Blockchain technology. The goal is to contribute to a theoretical discussion on the role of Blockchain technology in improving the flow of goods and the flow of information in logistics. Method: The research is carried out in the form of an explorative case study. Blockchain technology has not been studied previously in a logistics setting and therefore, an inductive research approach is chosen by using thematic analysis. The case study is based on a pilot test which had the goal to facilitate a Blockchain to exchange documents and track shipments. Conclusion: The findings reflect that the research on Blockchain technology is still in its infancy and that it still takes several years to facilitate the technology in a productive environment. The Blockchain has the capabilities to meet the requirements of information systems in logistics due to the ability to create trust and establish an organisation overarching platform to exchange information.
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Dzurdzíková, Kristína. "Návrh využití technologie Blockchain ve firemním prostředí." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta podnikatelská, 2020. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-417644.
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This diploma thesis deals with the creation of a design for the utilization of blockchain technology in a corporate environment. The main goal of this work is to create a proposal for a business process and its implementation in a specific blockchain platform. The analysis of the current state of the process describes current process and company’s requirements for the functionality of new technology. In the design part of the work, I compared specific blockchain platforms. As a result of this part I chose the most suitable solution for the implementation of my proposal. This chapter further includes the design of a methodology for verifying whether the process is suitable for the implementation of a blockchain technology or not. Moreover, it describes how to proceed when choosing a suitable solution and highlights its key factors.
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Piccolo, Alessandro. "Distributed ledger technology in the capital market : Shared versus private information in a permissioned blockchain." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Avdelningen för datalogi, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-326341.
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This master thesis explores how blockchain technologies can be utilized within the financial sector with focus on how to store both private and public information on the blockchain. The capital market is looking into ways of cutting down administrative work through streamlining the financial process by using blockchain technologies. Public key encryption together with hash functions and a consensus mechanism make up the basis for creating a shared trustless database system. The thesis was conducted by extensive research concerning cryptographic topics, and a literature study was made to compare existing solutions. This was done in order to come up with a new design which suggests how to utilize blockchain technologies in order to create private transactions. The design solves issues regarding key management and how to handle both private and public information on the blockchain. The proposed design is an extension of Visigon's existing permissioned blockchain, and it introduces different roles within the peer to peer network as well as a concept of having regulating nodes that together with the involved bank's nodes handle the process of private transactions. Private transactions are encrypted by using symmetric keys and thereafter recorded on the blockchain. In conclusion blockchain technology might not be the most suitable database system for banks to keep transactions private. Future solutions should consider the best attributes of blockchain technologies and create a new system with the single purpose of being a tool for the financial market.
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STEINER, BENEDIKT, and VINCENT NEIDLINGER. "Impact of the Distributed Ledger Technology (DLT) IOTA on Smart Cities." Thesis, KTH, Skolan för industriell teknik och management (ITM), 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-301276.
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This article analyses the impact of the IOTA distributed ledger technology (DLT) on smart cities. The world population is rapidly increasing while at the same time trends such as urbanization shape future demographics. Thus, fast-growing cities face the challenge of increasing demands in resources such as energy, water, transportation, while at the same time aiming to increase life quality by reducing burdens such as pollution and waste. The concept of a “Smart City” emerged with the ambition to solve a city’s issues by creating social and economic advantages while providing efficient resource allocation processes. Nevertheless, current information communication technologies tend to underperform a smartcities systems requirement since the quantity of connected devices increases which slows down the transition of a city becoming smart. The distributed ledger technology IOTA promises to enable automated, feeless transactions and processes with a high level of integrity, which may impact the development of smart cities. In this research the IOTA technology is introduced and investigated. The advantages of IOTA compared to conventional information communication technologies and the blockchain technology are highlighted. Thereafter, the current state of IOTA in smart cities is reviewed by analysing current research and use cases. To investigate the concept of a smart city the smart city initiative framework, including its subcategories is introduced. Additionally, different experts working on IOTA integrations related to smart city initiatives were interviewed giving insights into their field ofexpertise. Finally, an analysis and discussion of the IOTA technology use cases are put into relation with the multi-level perspective framework (Geels, 2006) highlighting the positive impact of IOTA on the development of smart cities.I den här artikeln analyseras effekterna av IOTA:s teknik för distribuerade huvudböcker (DLT) på smarta städer. Världens befolkning ökar snabbt samtidigt som trender som urbanisering formar framtidens demografi. Snabbt växande städer står därför inför utmaningen att öka kraven på resurser som energi, vatten och transporter, samtidigt som de strävar efter att öka livskvaliteten genom att minska belastningar som föroreningar och avfall. Begreppet smart stad uppstod med ambitionen att lösa stadensproblem genom att skapa sociala och ekonomiska fördelar och samtidigt tillhandahålla effektiva processer för resursfördelning. Den nuvarande informations- och kommunikationstekniken tenderar dock att inte uppfylla kraven på system för smarta städer, eftersom mängden anslutna enheter ökar, vilket gör att övergången till en smart stad blir långsammare. Den distribuerade huvudbokstekniken IOTA lovar att möjliggöra automatiserade, felfria transaktioner och processer med en hög grad av integritet, vilket kan påverka utvecklingen av smarta städer. I den här forskningen introduceras och undersöks IOTA-tekniken. Fördelarna med IOTA jämfört med konventionell informationskommunikationsteknik och blockkedjetekniken lyfts fram. Därefter granskas det nuvarande läget för IOTA i smarta städer genom att analysera aktuell forskning och användningsfall. För att undersöka begreppet smart stad introduceras ramverket för initiativet för smarta städer, inklusive dess underkategorier. Dessutom intervjuades olika experter som arbetar med IOTA-integrationer isamband med initiativ för smarta städer för att ge en inblick i deras expertisområde. Slutligen analyseras och diskuteras IOTA-teknikens användningsområden i förhållande till ramverket för flernivåperspektivet (Geels, 2006), där IOTA:s positiva inverkan på utvecklingen av smarta städer lyfts fram.
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Natali, Marco. "Distributed Ledger Technologies basate su grafi: confronto tra Coordicide e Iota." Bachelor's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2021. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/24304/.
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IOTA è una DLT e una criptovaluta nata nel 2015, realizzata specificatamente per l’ambito IoT. Venne pubblicata per la prima volta nel 2016 con lo scopo di superare i limiti delle blockchain tradizionali essendo fruibile anche per dispositivi con limitata potenza computazionale. La prima versione subì numerose critiche, dovute, tra le altre cose, ad alcune falle nel garantire la sicurezza, ma soprattutto al fatto che la tecnologia non operasse in maniera completamente decentralizzata, come invece avrebbe dovuto. Recentemente, la pubblicazione di un sostanziale aggiornamento denominato Coordicide, da parte della IOTA Foundation, il cui core è quello di risolvere i problemi mostrati dalla versione 1.0, ha nuovamente messo in luce IOTA.
In questo elaborato si analizzano entrambe le versioni di IOTA, con l'obiettivo di descrivere le caratteristiche della versione 2.0 e la loro evoluzione rispetto alla 1.0.
Per fare ciò si utilizza come riferimento la documentazione ufficiale fornita dalla IOTA Foundation, oltre alla bibliografia correlata, in maniera tale da avere una visione completa dell’ambito.
Si pone particolare attenzione alle migliorie e alle novità introdotte per colmare le lacune lasciate dalla versione precedente, valutando il grado di maturazione raggiunto dalla tecnologia ed evidenziando eventuali aspetti ancora in fase di definizione.
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Dimobi, Ikechukwu Samuel. "Transactive Distribution Grid with Microgrids Using Blockchain Technology for the Energy Internet." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/102216.
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The changing nature of the energy grid in recent years has prompted key stakeholders to think of ways to address incoming challenges. Transactive energy is an approach that promises to dynamically align active grid elements coming up in the previously inactive consumers' side to achieve a reliable and smarter grid. This work models the distribution grid structure as a combination of microgrids. A blockchain-in-the loop simulation framework is modelled and simulated for a residential microgrid using power system simulators and transactive agents. Blockchain smart contracts are used to coordinate peer-to-peer energy transactions in the microgrid. The model is used to test three market coordination schemes: a simple auction-less scheme, an auction-less scheme with a normalized sorting metric and an hour ahead single auction scheme with penalties for unfulfilled bids. Case studies are presented of a microgrid with 30 homes, at different levels of solar and energy storage penetration within the microgrid, all equipped with responsive and unresponsive appliances and transactive agents for the HVAC systems. The auction-less scheme with a normalized sorting metric is observed to provide a fairer advantage to smaller solar installations in comparison to the simple auction-less method. It is then concluded that the auction-less schemes are most beneficial to users, as they would not need sophisticated forecasting technology to reduce penalties from bid quantity inaccuracies, as long as the energy mix within the microgrid is diverse enough.Master of Science
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Ruiz, Gerard. "Distributed Data Management in Internet of Things Networking Environments : IOTA Tangle and Bitcoin Blockchain Distributed Ledger Technologies." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för datavetenskap och medieteknik (DM), 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-77359.
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Distributed ledger technology (DLT) is one of the latest in a long list of digital technologies, which appear to be heading towards a new industrial revolution. DLT has become very popular with the publication of the Bitcoin Blockchain in 2008. However, when we consider its suitability for dynamic networking environments, such as the Internet of Things, issues like transaction fees, scalability, and offline accessibility have not been resolved. The IOTA Foundation has designed the IOTA protocol, which is the data and value transfer layer for the Machine Economy. IOTA protocol uses an alternative blockless Blockchain which claims to solve the previous problems: the Tangle. This thesis first inquires into the theoretical concepts of both technologies Tangleand Blockchain, to understand them and identify the reasons to be compatible or not with the Internet of Things networking environments. After the analysis, the thesis focuses on the proposed implementation as a solution to address the connectivity issue suffered by the IOTA network. The answer to the problem is the development of a Neighbor Discovery algorithm, which has been designed to fulfill the requirements demanded by the IOTA application. Dealing with IOTA network setup can be very interesting for the community that is looking for new improvements at each release. Testing the solution in a peer-to-peer specific protocol (PeerSim), with different networking scenarios, allowed us to get valuable and more realistic information. Thus, after analyzing the results, we were able to determine the appropriate IOTA network configuration to build a more reliable and long-lasting network.
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Maughelli, Francesco. "Security-related experiences with Smart Contracts over the Ethereum Blockchain." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2017. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/13991/.
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L'innovazione introdotta con le distributed ledgers e le criptovalute ha cambiato la concezione di sistemi distribuiti, creando di fatto dei network di pagamento che funzionano tramite internet e sono in grado di muovere fondi convertendoli in valute digitali e poi di nuovo in valute cartacee.
All'interno del panorama delle croptovalute, Ethereum è una piattaforma creata per espandere il semplice meccanismo transazionale, aggiungendo la capacità di programmare funzionalità sulla blockchain. Il lavoro analizza le potenzialità degli Smart Contract di Ethereum e si sofferma sugli aspetti di
sicurezza che risiedono dietro al codice di Solidity, cercando una valutazione oggettiva di vantaggi e svantaggi derivanti dall'uso della piattaforma.
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Contu, Michele. "An Evaluation of Distributed Ledger Technologies for the Internet of Things." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2019.
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The aim of this work will be the study of different distributed ledger technologies in IoT context. The main objective will be to identify the limits that intrinsically render unsuitable the distributed ledgers in real time scenarios, possible solutions or new technologies that enable this union.
In order to succeed, technologies already known, such as Ethereum, or new technologies that are more suited to the IoT context, such as IOTA or Radix, will be analyzed.
The behaviors of the just mentioned distributed ledgers will be analyzed in particular through tests that measure their degree of scalability, availability and in general their performance in real-time scenarios, specific of the IoT, where the transactions load they have to register is able to stress their architecture. Thanks to the tests it will be possible to notice not only the reactivity of mechanisms that govern these networks (transaction validation, consensus), but also the hardware limits of the nodes that constitute networks themselves. The test results will be analyzed to obtain certain answers, thanks to descriptive statistics, but above all to have a final comparison between the different technologies treated. It will possible to notice how some of the technologies discussed have different limits, while others succeed almost in the intent of a harmonious union. This is to say that we are still far from a perfect integration between distributed ledgers and IoT devices, but
progress is rapid and new technologies are very promising. Thanks to the data collected
and to what has been learned, it will also be possible to identify possible future scenarios,
in which an integration of the technologies studied in this thesis will not be unusual
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Qvist, Cecilia. "Kedjebrev : Påkallande av en aktiebrevsreform med anledning av ny modern teknik." Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Juridiska institutionen, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-191233.
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Today's paper-based system regarding share certificates has long been considered obsolete in relation to the technical development that characterizes an otherwise digital market. Especially in relation to the inconveniences the system is associated with for limited liability companies, as well as for the shareholders. Despite it being a known fact, no changes have been made in cases where amendments to the law have been discussed through official government reports. The solutions presented in the reports have been either an implementation of a share register or an extended function of the share ledger, both requiring the abolishment of share certificates. The opinion yet remained that the positive aspects of the paper-based share certificate system overweighed the negative ones due to technological shortcomings. However, in light of recent development in modern technology, a solution might be found in blockchain technology. The overall question of this thesis is thus to what extent the paper-based system raises problems and whether satisfactory solutions can be found in new technology. In order to present effective and competitive solutions, the thesis looks beyond the national boarders, towards foreign judicial system to find alternative ways of handling the issue of share certificates. Through the international perspective, blockchain technology is presented as a potential solution. In order to assess its compatibility with the Swedish judicial system a short introduction is made regarding the underlying technology. This also helps create an understanding of its pioneering nature. The technical introduction is then followed by a theoretical application of a blockchain-based solution for handling the share certificates as well as the share ledger. This leads to the conclusion that a potential solution is found in blockchain technology which, combined with the overall assessment of the negative aspects of a paper-based system, advocates for a reform.
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Betz, Elisa. "Sviluppo di un'applicazione decentralizzata su blockchain Ethereum per la condivisione di profili professionali." Bachelor's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2020.
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Negli ultimi anni si sta assistendo alla graduale introduzione di un metodo innovativo di archiviazione, gestione e condivisione di dati: si tratta delle Distributed Ledger Technologies, registri digitali di transazioni radicalmente diversi dai database tradizionali in virtù della loro natura decentralizzata. In essi, infatti, la stessa informazione è replicata esattamente su tutti i nodi di una rete peer-to-peer e non è modificabile se non attraverso un meccanismo di validazione che richiede l’approvazione della maggioranza dei nodi e tale per cui lo storico dell’informazione non viene mai in nessun caso alterato.
Una rilevante innovazione introdotta con le Distributed Ledger Technologies è la possibilità di stabilire regole su una transazione, specificate attraverso i cosiddetti “smart contracts”: si tratta di “accordi digitali” di codice eseguibile che garantiscono che i termini del contratto verranno rispettati solo se saranno soddisfatte determinate condizioni. Le interfacce per l’esecuzione di smart contracts sono costituite dalle cosiddette “dApp”: applicazioni decentralizzate il cui codice di back-end viene eseguito su una rete peer-to-peer e non su un server centrale.
Il modello decentralizzato permette di interpretare il database in senso molto più ampio rispetto al passato: i registri non sono più soltanto archivi, ma rappresentano un nuovo rapporto tra persone e informazioni e consentono di creare fiducia in contesti in cui essa non è naturalmente presente.
Il contribuito di questo progetto di tesi è stato lo sviluppo dell’applicazione decentralizzata OpenResume, una piattaforma che ha l’obiettivo di colmare, attraverso le Distributed Ledger Technologies e in particolare la blockchain Ethereum, il divario di fiducia tra recruiter e persone in cerca di lavoro, consentendo a queste ultime di certificare le proprie qualifiche professionali e esperienze lavorative.
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Spiga, Beatrice. "Creazione di un sistema per la gestione di dati medicali con utilizzo di tecnologia blockchain." Bachelor's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2019.
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L’obiettivo di questa tesi e l’analisi, la progettazione e lo sviluppo di una web application riguardante il software gestionale delle visite mediche effettuate nei laboratori di un’azienda specializzata in genomica e medicina rigenerativa. Inoltre, nella tesi sono state introdotte le possibili applicazioni pratiche delle DLT (Distributed Ledger Technologies) applicate ai dati medicali provenienti dalla suddetta applicazione web, la quale è stata sviluppata durante l'esperienza di tirocinio curricolare. E' stato quindi descritto il valore che potrebbe avere l’utilizzo della blockchain nel settore sanitario. In particolare è stato discusso l’utilizzo del protocollo Masked Authenticated Messaging (MAM) per poter autenticare, crittografare e trasmettere attivamente i dati medicali su una rete IOTA dopo il loro prelevamento dall'applicazione web.
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Blidholm, Gustaf, and Mathias Johnson. "The adoption of distributed ledger technology in trade and export finance operations of Swedish banks." Thesis, KTH, Industriell ekonomi och organisation (Inst.), 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-241120.
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Centralized data storage and reconciliation by trusted intermediaries has historically put financial systems in the hands of a single central parties. The emergence of bitcoin and blockchain, combined with the 2008 financial crisis, has shifted the Swedish financial sector’s traditional perspectives on democratization, centralization, transparency and automation. Trade and export finance is one of many sectors investigating how blockchain and distributed ledger technology can be used other than as a digital currency system. Swedish trade and export finance connects importers, exporters, banks, credit providers, customs, and transporters into a fragmented and complex process with many stakeholders. Sweden further has a history of quickly adopting technological innovations. Banks therefore face a dynamic environment and an inconsistent, manual operative process that removes profitability incentives in providing small enterprises with credit. The adoption of DLT could provide efficiency gains and cost savings in administration, communication, reconciliation and accounting. In this thesis, the costs, benefits, and remaining barriers of implementing distributed ledger technology in Swedish trade finance are identified. Further, Swedish contextual factors’ effect on the rate of adoption is addressed. The chosen methodology of deep interviews and thorough studying of literature provides an assessment of the potential transition dynamics, forming a foundation for future investment decisions. The conclusions drawn suggest that the main costs related to adoption lie in research and development and implementation. R&D costs for distributed ledgers in the Swedish financial sector during 2019 were approximated to USD 40 million. The main benefits of automation, efficiency and reduced level of complexity were concluded to likely outweigh the costs within approximately ten to twenty years. Experience will allow companies to optimize governance structures and consensus mechanisms, while learning to expose parts of networks into public space. The innovative, adaptive Swedish market environment presumably enables faster than average diffusion of innovation, while remaining barriers in cooperation, trust, interoperability and regulation may extend the adoption process
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Ongkasuwan, Patarawan. "Transaction synchronization and privacy aspect in blockchain decentralized applications." Thesis, KTH, Skolan för elektroteknik och datavetenskap (EECS), 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-272134.
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The ideas and techniques of cryptography and decentralized storage have seen tremendous growth in many industries, as they have been adopted to improve activities in the organization. That called Blockchain technology, it provides an effective transparency solution. Generally, Blockchain has been used for digital currency or cryptocurrency since its inception. One of the best-known Blockchain protocols is Ethereum, which has invented the smart contract to enable Blockchain’s ability to execute a condition, rather than simply acting as storage. Applications that adopt this technology are called ‘Dapps’ or ‘decentralized applications’. However, there are ongoing arguments about synchronization associated with the system. System synchronization is currently extremely important for applications, because the waiting time for a transaction to be verified can cause dissatisfaction in the user experience. Several studies have revealed that privacy leakage occurs, even though the Blockchain provides a degree of security, as a result of the traditional transaction, which requires approval through an intermediate institution. For instance, a bank needs to process transactions via many constitution parties before receiving the final confirmation, which requires the user to wait for a considerable amount of time. This thesis describes the challenge of transaction synchronization between the user and smart contract, as well as the matter of a privacy strategy for the system and compliance. To approach these two challenges, the first task separates different events and evaluates the results compared to an alternative solution. This is done by testing the smart contract to find the best gas price result, which varies over time. In the Ethereum protocol, gas price is one of the best ways to decrease the transaction time to meet user expectations. The gas price is affected by the code structure and the network. In the smart contract, testing is run based on two cases, and solves platform issues such as runners and user experience and reduces costs. It has also been found that collecting the fee before participating in an auction can prevent the problem of runners. The second case aims to prove that freezing the amount of a bid is the best way to increase the user’s experience, and to achieve the better experience of an online auction. The second challenge mainly focuses on the privacy strategy and risk management for the platform, which involves identifying possible solutions for all risk situations, as well as detecting, forecasting and preventing them. Providing strategies, such as securing the smart contract structure, increasing the encryption method in the database, designing a term sheet and agreement, and authorization, help to prevent system vulnerabilities. Therefore, this research aims to improve and investigate an online auction platform by using a Blockchain smart contract to provide evocative user experiences.Idéer och tekniker för kryptografi och decentraliserad lagring har haft en enorm tillväxt i många branscher, eftersom de har antagits för att förbättra verksamheten i organisationen. Den som kallas Blockchain-tekniken ger den en effektiv transparenslösning. Generellt har Blockchain använts för digital valuta eller cryptocurrency sedan starten. Ett av de mest kända Blockchainprotokollen är Ethereum, som har uppfunnit det smarta kontraktet för att möjliggöra Blockchains förmåga att utföra ett villkor, snarare än att bara fungera som lagring. Applikationer som använder denna teknik kallas 'Dapps' eller 'decentraliserade applikationer'. Det finns emellertid pågående argument om synkronisering associerad med systemet. Systemsynkronisering är för närvarande oerhört viktigt för applikationer, eftersom väntetiden för att en transaktion ska verifieras kan orsaka missnöje i användarupplevelsen. Flera studier har visat att sekretessläckage inträffar, även om Blockchain ger en viss säkerhet, till följd av den traditionella transaktionen, som kräver godkännande genom en mellaninstitution. Till exempel måste en bank bearbeta transaktioner via många konstitutionspartier innan den får den slutliga bekräftelsen, vilket kräver att användaren väntar en betydande tid. Den här avhandlingen beskriver utmaningen med transaktionssynkronisering mellan användaren och smart kontrakt, samt frågan om en sekretessstrategi för systemet och efterlevnad. För att närma sig dessa två utmaningar separerar den första uppgiften olika händelser och utvärderar resultaten jämfört med en alternativ lösning. Detta görs genom att testa det smarta kontraktet för att hitta det bästa gasprisresultatet, som varierar över tiden. I Ethereum-protokollet är gaspriset ett av de bästa sätten att minska transaktionstiden för att möta användarens förväntningar. Gaspriset påverkas av kodstrukturen och nätverket. I det smarta kontraktet körs test baserat på två fall och löser plattformsproblem som löpare och användarupplevelse och minskar kostnaderna. Det har också visat sig att insamlingen av avgiften innan du deltar i en auktion kan förhindra löparproblemet. Det andra fallet syftar till att bevisa att frysning av budbeloppet är det bästa sättet att öka användarens upplevelse och att uppnå en bättre upplevelse av en online auktion. Den andra utmaningen fokuserar huvudsakligen på sekretessstrategin och riskhanteringen för plattformen, som innebär att identifiera möjliga lösningar för alla risksituationer, samt att upptäcka, förutse och förhindra dem. Tillhandahållande av strategier, som att säkra den smarta kontraktsstrukturen, öka krypteringsmetoden i databasen, utforma ett termblad och avtal och godkännande, hjälper till att förhindra systemets sårbarheter. Därför syftar denna forskning till att förbättra och undersöka en online-auktionsplattform genom att använda ett smart avtal med Blockchain för att ge upplevande användarupplevelser.
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Andersson, Marcus, and Patric Sigvardson. "Embracing Blockchain : The Challenges of Collaborative Innovation Within the Financial Industry." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Företagsekonomiska institutionen, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-356479.
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Creating standardized infrastructures for new technologies has become a frequent event in recent years, forcing competing firms to together collaborate in order to develop and mutually agree on a common standard. This is due to technologies such as blockchain (distributed ledger) technology that need interoperability to reach its full potential, making the collaboration aspect crucial for organizations that want to adapt to the technology. Therefore, this study’s purpose is to identify and analyze the challenges of creating such a standardized infrastructure. A case study was used to analyze these challenges, which involved experts of blockchain technology and three Nordic banks connected to the blockchain consortium R3. First, a pre-study took place with the help of blockchain experts, who helped identify potential problems regarding blockchain (distributed ledger) technology. Secondly, a main study was conducted consisting of four interviews with key persons representing the banks, in addition to collecting secondary data via news articles, and press releases. With the help of co-opetition theory and a technical description of blockchain (distributed ledger) technology, an analytical model was developed to support the analysis of the data collection. The analysis focus on aspects of co-opetition drivers, co-opetition capabilities, co-opetition dynamics and blockchain aspects, which were used to showcase the challenges of collaborating on creating a standardized infrastructure. The result of this study highlights the importance of learning and educational aspects, the size of a cooperation and threats from other competing solutions, which generates challenges. In addition to the identified challenges, this study has also contributed to an understanding of how these aspects can come to affect a collaboration.
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Melin, Karin. "The GDPR Compliance of Blockchain : A qualitative study on regulating innovative technology." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Datorteknik, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-397163.
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This thesis aims to explore the compliance of blockchain technology and the GDPR. The GDPR was implemented for the EU member states in May 2018 with the purpose of harmonizing data protection regulation. However, the regulation is based on the notion that data is stored and processed in a centralized system. This causes an issue when it comes to distributed networks, and in particular with the distributed ledger technology (DLT), the underlying technology of blockchain. For this thesis, a literature review has been conducted to investigate the problems of GDPR compliance for blockchain projects, and what technical solutions exist to make a blockchain solution more GDPR compliant. In addition, interviews have been conducted to investigate the technical and legal perspectives on the current and future situations of regulation and technology. Compatibility problems mainly concern the immutability and transparency of a blockchain and examples of technical solutions that handle those problems can be found in the literature. Nevertheless, none of the discussed solutions are yet to guarantee full GDPR compliance. The technical and legal perspectives share ideas of the main compliance issues. However, differences such as interpretation of technical details can be identified, indicating problems to arise when regulating blockchains in the future. Further interdisciplinary work on guidelines for the GDPR is necessary for blockchain projects to be successful in complying with the regulation as well as to strengthen the technology neutrality of the GDPR.
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Ciobanu, Alexandru. "Tecnologia Blockchain na industria de mercados financeiros : caso BNP Paribas securities services." Master's thesis, Instituto Superior de Economia e Gestão, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/15824.
Full textAbstract:
Mestrado em Gestão e Estratégia IndustrialA Tecnologia Blockchain tem o potencial de revolucionar várias indústrias e tornar os processos mais democráticos, seguros, transparentes e eficientes. Empreendedores, start-ups, investidores, as organizações internacionais e governos identificaram a Blockchain como uma oportunidade disruptiva para mudar o paradigma atual. A Blockchain é uma base de dados pública distribuída que mantém um registo permanente das transações digitais. Por outras palavras, é um arquivo de dados que armazena um registo imutável de todas as transações digitais. Esta base de dados distribuída não é controlada por uma instituição central, é por sua vez, uma rede de base de dados replicados (o que significa que cada nó na rede armazena a sua própria cópia da cadeia de blocos) que é compartilhado e visível para qualquer pessoa dentro da rede. A Inovação Disruptiva é uma abordagem que reúne todos os recursos e capacidades criativas para uma organização trabalhar na produção de ideias inovadoras e no desenvolvimento de novos negócios. O principal objetivo desta TFM será explorar os benefícios para o banco BNP Paribas ao adotar a tecnologia Blockchain nos seus processos atuais. E se estes são adequados para uma tecnologia Blockchain, com o foco na tecnologia de pagamentos para os serviços CASH e como a inovação disruptiva pode ajudar na implementação desta tecnologia no mercado onde o banco tem presença.
Blockchain Technology has the potential to disrupt multiple industries and make processes more democratic, secure, transparent, and efficient. Entrepreneurs, startup companies, investors, global organizations and governments have all identified Blockchain as a disruptive opportunity to change the current paradigm. A blockchain is a distributed public database that keeps a permanent record of digital transactions. In other words, it's a logfile storing an immutable record of all the digital transactions. This distributed database is not controlled by a central administrator, but instead is a network of replicated databases (meaning each node in the network stores its own copy of the blockchain) that is shared and visible to anyone within network. Disruptive Innovation is an approach that brings together all the creative assets, capabilities and disciplines to an organization to work together on producing breakthrough ideas and driving new business growth. The main scope of this thesis will be to explore the benefits for BNP Paribas bank in the financial landscape and if these are suitable for a Blockchain based technology, focusing on payments technology for CASH services and how disruptive innovation could help on deploying this technology in the bank.
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JONSSON, JOHAN R. "Perceived Affordance and Socio-Technical Transition: Blockchain for the Swedish Public Sector." Thesis, KTH, Industriell ekonomi och organisation (Inst.), 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-237533.
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The Swedish public sector is under constant pressure to improve processes and services through further digitalization. Blockchain is a novelty technology which shows promise of enabling functionalities which are desired within the sector. However, as the technology is still in its infancy, the practical value it could offer the sector remains unproven. In this master thesis, the socio-technical transition of the public sector for adopting blockchain is analyzed using the multi-level perspective framework. The sector is operationalized as an incumbent socio-technical regime and blockchain as a collection of niche innovations. Affordance theory and the multi-level perspective are combined to analyze how the perception of blockchain affects the potential transition pathways. The primary empirical data is gathered through a series of interviews with key individuals from both the Swedish public sector and blockchain community, as well as from attending blockchain events. Secondary data is gathered through the review of various types of literature regarding the topic. The findings of the thesis show that the practical value and functionalities that blockchain offers and that match the needs of the sector are verification, authentication, traceability, automating simple logical functions, and digitizing unique value. The identified conceptual solutions deemed suitable today are: blockchain for identity management, blockchain for data verification, blockchains for property registers of, e.g., vehicles and real estate, and external industry blockchains for improved traceability of, e.g., supply chains and sales records. The thesis also derives recommendations for the public sector indicating that, e.g., active education, revision of regulation, and international cooperation would further a potential transition towards blockchain. It also finds that perceived affordances of a technology in its early stages affect the transition pathways; barriers of entry, number of potential adopting application sectors, the level of coordination, and the available resources for development are influenced by the perceptions.Svensk offentlig sektor utsätts konstant för påtryckningar gällande fortsatt digitalisering av processer och tjänster. Blockkedjan är en ny teknologi som påvisar potential att kunna tillgodose funktioner önskvärda inom den offentliga sektorn. Dock är teknologin fortfarande i ett begynnande stadie och dess praktiska värde är ännu obevisat. I detta examensarbete analyseras offentliga sektorns potentiella socio-tekniska övergång till att ta blockkedjor i bruk med hjälp av multinivåperspektiv-ramverket. Sektorn operationaliseras som en befintlig socio-teknisk regim och blockkedjor som en samling av nischinnovationer. Görlighetsteori och multinivåperspektivet kombineras för att analysera hur uppfattningen av blockkedjor påverkar de potentiella övergångsvägarna. Primära empiriska data samlas in genom en serie av intervjuer med nyckelindivider från både svensk offentlig sektor och blockkedjegemenskapen, samt även från deltagande i blockkedjearrangemang. Sekundära data samlas in genom en studie av diverse typer av litteratur gällande ämnet. Examensarbetets resultat påvisar att det praktiska värdet och funktionaliteterna som blockkedjor tillgodoser och som passar med offentliga sektorns behov är verifikation, autentisering, spårbarhet, automatisering av simpla logiska funktioner, samt digitalisering av unika värden. De identifierade konceptuella lösningarna som bedöms lämpliga i dagsläget är: blockkedja för identitetshantering, blockkedja för dataverifikation, blockkedjor för egendomsregister, t.ex. för fordon och bostäder, samt externa industriblockkedjor för förbättrad spårning, t.ex. av försörjningskedjor och försäljning. Examensarbetet härleder även rekommendationer till offentliga sektorn, innefattande exempelvis aktiv utbildning, revision av reglementen, samt internationellt samarbete. Resultaten påvisar även att den uppfattade görligheten av en teknologi i ett tidigt stadie av innovation påverkar övergångsvägarna in i en regim. Detta genom att uppfattningarna influerar inträdesbarriärer, antalet potentiella applikationssektorer, koordinationsnivån, samt mängden tillgängliga resurser.
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Mongardi, Michele. "Progettazione di un sistema DLT per l'interoperabilità e lo scambio di dati sanitari utilizzando le tecnologie IOTA e IPFS." Bachelor's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2020. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/20605/.
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Le Distributed Ledger Technologies (DLTs) sono un nuovo tipo di tecnologia in cui i dati vengono salvati all'interno di un registro distribuito, gestito da nodi in una rete peer-to-peer tramite un protocollo basato sul consenso. Queste offrono un grande potenziale per rendere immutabile e sicuro lo scambio di informazioni di carattere sanitario. Lo scopo di questa tesi è di esplorare il potenziale di una specifica DLT, impiegata congiuntamente alla tecnologia IPFS, nel supportare la trasmissione di dati sanitari, sviluppando un programma per lo scambio automatizzato, inalterabile e protetto delle informazioni sulla salute dei pazienti. L'obiettivo perseguito è quello di ottenere una profilazione accurata dei pazienti raccogliendo periodicamente informazioni sullo stato di salute degli individui, in modo da poter fornire successivamente assistenza sanitaria di alta qualità grazie allo scambio efficace ed efficiente dei dati raccolti.
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La, Piana Federica. "Gestione e Indicizzazione di Dati in Contesti di Smart Transportation: un Approccio basato su Registri Distribuiti." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2021. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/24250/.
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Veicoli a guida autonoma, nuovi modelli di Smart Mobility e servizi sempre più personalizzati stanno trasformando il mondo automobilistico che esige sempre più in sicurezza e affidabilità. I sistemi di trasporto intelligenti (ITS) consentono di affrontare in modo innovativo i problemi legati alla mobilità, attraverso soluzioni improntate su sicurezza, efficienza, efficacia e rispetto per l’ambiente.
La loro realizzazione, però, comporta il superamento di alcuni aspetti che devono essere considerati e che sono legati alla raccolta, alla memorizzazione e al livello di affidabilità dei dati.
Lo scopo del presente lavoro è quello di presentare un sistema di crowdsourcing decentralizzato, ideato per il contesto di Smart Transportation, che fa uso di un robusto schema di indicizzazione dei dati, pensato come alternativa ai tipici schemi centralizzati, sempre più frequentemente oggetto di attacchi e uso improprio.
Interamente basato su tecnologie distribuite, oltre a fornire tracciabilità e immutabilità dei dati, il sistema in questione fa uso di una Distributed Hash Table come livello posto sopra la DLT, al fine di migliorare la gestione dei dati in un contesto in cui l'attenzione degli utenti è in progressivo incremento e dove, inoltre, efficacia e efficienza si rivelano più che importanti, necessari.
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El-Hage, Sebastian, and Gustav Holst. "Micropayments Between IoT Devices : A Qualitative Study Analyzing the Usability of DLT:s in an IoT Environment." Thesis, KTH, Skolan för elektroteknik och datavetenskap (EECS), 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-240402.
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Today there exist no standardized payment solution for performing micropayments between Internet of Things (IoT) devices. This study was conducted to examine whether Distributed Ledger Technology (DLT) could be suitable as a micropayment solution for IoT. Also, a more general demand for a scalable micropayment solution was examined, along with its potential. A qualitative study was performed by first conducting eight unstructured interviews regarding the subjects DLT and IoT, to be used as a complement to the literature research. Then, one unstructured and five semi-structured interviews were held to answer the research questions. The Bitcoin blockchain does not work as a micropayment solution, due to scalability issues. This study identified a positive outlook on the idea of Lightning Network, solving the scalability problems with off-chain transactions. However, since a fully functioning network is yet to be implemented, there exist uncertainties, for example regarding how decentralized it will really become. Also, issues considering the usage of DLT:s on small IoT devices arose, stemming from CPU and storage constraints. A demand of a sustainable micropayment solution was identified, possibly being a catalyst of the emergence of pay-per-use business models. Considering more powerful IoT devices, the Lightning Network could function as a micropayment solution. Such a technology is sought after, and its applicability will only increase as IoT devices evolve.Det finns idag ingen standardiserad betalningslösning för att genomföra mikrobetalningar mellan Internet of Things (IoT) enheter. Denna studie genomfördes för att undersöka huruvida Distributed Ledger Technology (DLT) skulle kunna användas som en mikrobetalningslösning för IoT. En mer generell eterfrågan för en skalbar mikrobetalningslösning, och effekterna av en sådan, undersöktes. En kvalitativ studie genofördes, där åtta ostrukturerade intervjuer gällande ämnena DLT och IoT, hölls för att komplementera litteraturstudierna. Sedan genomfördes en ostrukturerad och fem semi-strukturerade intervjuer för att kunna besvara de frågeställningar som definierats. Bitcoin blockkedjan funderar inte som en mikrobetalningslösning på grund utav dess skalbarhetsproblem. Studien identifierar en positiv syn på Lightning Network, som löserskalbarhetsproblemen genom att använda sig av transaktioner utanför kedjan. Denna lösning är dock inte fullständigt implementerad, vilket leder till flera osäkerheter angående exempelvis hur decentraliserat nätverket verkligen kommer att bli. Utöver detta finns även svårigheter med användandet av DLT:s för små IoT-enheter, vilket härstämmar ifrån deras CPU- och lagringsbegränsningar. En efterfrågan på en hållbar mikrobetalningslösning identifieras, och denna skulle kunna fungera som en katalysator för etablerandet av pay-per-use affärsmodeller. Tittar vi på mer kraftfulla IoT-enheter skulle Lightning Network fungera som en mikrobetalningslösning. En sådan teknologi är eftertraktad och dess användbarhet kommer bara att växa i och med utvecklingen av IoT-enheter.
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BUTTAFOCO, Oona Arlene. "Emerging Solutions for the Improvement of Food Traceability in the EU: Examining the Use of Blockchain Technology for Tracing Extra Virgin Olive Oil (EVOO)." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Teologiska institutionen, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-392161.
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The issue of food traceability is one that affects a great number of sectors and policy areas. Within the EU, there is increasing demand from consumers, businesses and institutions to have more direct access to information about how food is produced, transformed, and distributed. Currently, however, practices in the industry are very much open to human error. Databases are highly vulnerable to inaccuracies and hacking, as well as deliberate faults caused by corruption or fraudulent conduct. With food traceability being so closely related to trade and public health issues, there is arguably increasing incentive for the EU to seek alternative tools to increase transparency and accountability throughout supply chains. Consequently, this paper will examine a possible alternative to current practices by evaluating the applicability of 'blockchain' technology, namely a system of digitised, decentralised ledgers, which could allow key stakeholders to access information about the provenance of food immediately, comprehensively and securely. The analysis will focus specifically on Extra Virgin Olive Oil (EVOO), one of the most adulterated products in the food industry, identifying gaps and opportunities in current traceability systems. The research question tackled in this paper, therefore, may be formulated as follows: how and to what extent could blockchain technology constitute a sustainable solution for improving the traceability of EVOO within the EU? The paper begins with a brief overview of the issue and an explanation of the research methodology used, followed by an elaboration of key terms and concepts and a detailed explanation of the principles underlying blockchain technology. Subsequently, the key challenges and opportunities associated with blockchain-based traceability systems are examined through a case study, followed by an analysis aimed at assessing the sustainability of blockchain solutions for the EVOO sector. The conclusion, lastly, provides an overview of relevant findings and proposes a final assessment.
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Leung, Philip, and Daniel Svensson. "SecuRES: Secure Resource Sharing System : AN INVESTIGATION INTO USE OF PUBLIC LEDGER TECHNOLOGY TO CREATE DECENTRALIZED DIGITAL RESOURCE-SHARING SYSTEMS." Thesis, KTH, Skolan för informations- och kommunikationsteknik (ICT), 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-187348.
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The project aims at solving the problem of non-repudiation, integrity and confidentiality of data when digitally exchanging sensitive resources between parties that need to be able to trust each other without the need for a trusted third party. This is done in the framework of answering to what extent digital resources can be shared securely in a decentralized public ledger-based system compared to trust-based alternatives. A background of existing resource sharing solutions is explored which shows an abundance third party trust-based systems, but also an interest in public ledger solutions in the form of the Storj network which uses such technology, but focuses on storage rather than sharing. The proposed solution, called SecuRES, is a communication protocol based on public ledger technology which acts similar to Bitcoin. A prototype based on the protocol has been implemented which proves the ability to share encrypted files with one or several recipients through a decentralized public ledger-based network. It was concluded that the SecuRES solution could do away with the requirement of trust in third parties for all but some optional operations using external authentication services. This is done while still maintaining data integrity of a similar or greater degree to trust-based solutions and offers the additional benefits of non-repudiation, high confidentiality and high transparency from the ability to make source code and protocol documentation openly available without endangering the system. Further research is needed to investigate whether the system can scale up for widespread adoption while maintaining security and reasonable performance requirements.Projektet ämnar lösa problemen med oförnekbarhet, integritet och konfidentialitet när man delar känsligt data mellan parter som behöver lita på varandra utan inblanding av betrodd tredje part. Detta diskuteras för att besvara till vilken omfattning digitala resurser kan delas säkert i ett decentraliserat system baserat på publika liggare jämfört med existerande tillitsbaserade alternativ. En undersökning av nuvarande resursdelningslösningar visar att det existerar många tillitsbaserade system men även en växande andel lösningar baserade på publika liggare. En intressant lösning som lyfts fram är Storj som använder sådan teknologi men fokuserar på resurslagring mer är delning. Projektets föreslagna lösning, kallad SecuRES, är ett kommunikationsprotokoll baserat på en publik liggare likt Bitcoin. En prototyp baserad på protokollet har tagits fram som visar att det är möjligt att dela krypterade filer med en eller flera mottagare genom ett decentraliserat nätverk baserat på publika liggare. Slutsatsen som dras är att SecuRES klarar sig utan betrodda tredje parter för att dela resurser medan vissa operationer kan göras mer användarvänliga genom externa autentiseringstjänster. Själva lösningen garanterar integritet av data och medför ytterligare fördelar såsom oförnekbarhet, konfidentialitet och hög transparens då man kan göra källkoden och protocoldokumentation fritt läsbar utan att utsätta systemet för fara. Vidare forskning behövs för att undersöka om systemet kan skalas upp för allmän användning och alltjämt bibehålla säkerhets- samt prestandakrav.
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Arps, Jan-Philipp. "Understanding Cryptocurrencies from a Sustainable Perspective : Investigating cryptocurrencies by developing and applying an integrated sustainability framework." Thesis, Internationella Handelshögskolan, Högskolan i Jönköping, IHH, Informatik, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-42894.
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With the invention of the cryptocurrency Bitcoin in 2009, the world's first blockchain application was developed. While academic research gradually begins to investigate cryptocurrencies more closely and attempt to understand their functioning, technology is rapidly evolving and ecosystems grow exponentially. The research is still scattered and chaotic and has not produced common guidelines. Therefore, the question remains: how sustainable cryptocurrencies and their digital ecosystems are.Only a few models and frameworks take a holistic view on digital sustainability. Only two frameworks were identified that take distributed ledger technologies (blockchain) or cryptocurrencies into consideration: the three governance strategies for digital sustainability of Linkov et al. (2018) and 10 basic conditions of sustainable digital artifacts according to Stuermer, Abu-Tayeh and Myrach (2016). These two frameworks were combined into a new integrated sustainability framework for cryptocurrencies. The developed integrated sustainability framework consists of four dimensions and 12 categories.Existing secondary data, self-conducted social media interviews and practical insights gained through an ASIC mining experiment were used to fill the framework with sufficient data. It confirms Bitcoin's sustainability problems in energy consumption and scalability, highlights Ethereum's great potential as a blockchain platform and explains the higher scalability and faster payment of Ripple and IOTA.While 2017 marked the temporary peak of the cryptocurrency hype, 2018 was a transformative year in which the leading cryptocurrencies were increasingly occupying more specialised niches.
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Cerneckis, Gvidas. "Blockkedjeteknologin på finansiella marknader : Kan blockkedjeteknologin effektivisera handeln med finansiella instrument?" Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Affärsrätt, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-147053.
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Handeln med finansiella instrument har effektiviserats avsevärt under de senaste decennierna tack vare den tekniska utvecklingen och internationaliseringen. Pappersbaserade värdepapper har ersatts av digitala finansiella instrument och investerare kan numera på ett enkelt sätt skapa värdepappersportföljer innehållande komplexa värdepapper från hela världen. En välfungerande och effektiv handel med finansiella instrument förutsätter att förtroendet existerar mellan aktörer på finansiella marknader. Idag säkerställs förtroendet inom finansiella marknader av ett antal olika finansiella intermediärer, vilka ansvarar för olika funktioner såsom clearing, avveckling och kontoföring. Transaktionskedjan avseende finansiella instrument består därmed av flera nivåer och varje enskild transaktion måste genomgå samtliga nivåer. Den finansiella handeln har ökat betydligt i omfattningen och ett betydande antal transaktioner är numera gränsöverskridande. Detta har resulterat i ett tämligen komplext, sammanlänkat och sårbart system, vilket bland annat har synliggjorts under den senaste finanskrisen år 2008. Blockkedjeteknologi, vilken är en typ av Distributed Ledger Technology, kan något förenklat ses som en databas eller ett transaktionsregister. Till skillnad från traditionella transaktionsregister, vilka i regel är centraliserade och förvaltas av olika intermediärer, bygger den nya teknologin på ett decentraliserat nätverk av aktörer utan att någon tredje part är ansvarig för verifiering av transaktioner. Blockkedjeteknologin introducerar därmed ett nytt sätt att genomföra transaktioner med digitala tillgångar, genom att förtroendet säkerställs med hjälp av kryptografiska lösningar och ett decentraliserat nätverk. Blockkedjeteknologin anses av många ha en betydande potential att effektivisera transaktionskedjan avseende finansiella instrument genom att exempelvis automatisera förandet av transaktionsregister samt integrera de olika nivåerna inom transaktionskedjan. Tekniken är dock fortfarande i en utvecklingsfas och många olika utmaningar återstår innan tekniken kan komma till användning. I Sverige präglas transaktionskedjan avseende finansiella instrument dessutom av strikta regleringar, varför frågan uppstår om huruvida lösningar baserade på blockkedjetekniken är förenliga med dagens rättsliga ramar. I denna uppsats diskuteras huruvida och på vilket sätt blockkedjeteknologin skulle kunna effektivisera vissa funktioner inom transaktionskedjan avseende finansiella instrument samt vilka rättsliga frågeställningar som uppstår i samband med tillämpning av den nya tekniken utifrån dagens rättsläge i Sverige.
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Zirondelli, Alberto. "Support and Applications of the Blockchain technology." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2018.
Find full textAbstract:
The Blockchain architecture is a peer to peer network for transactional data sharing among untrusted participants, providing a mechanism to exchange information without using a third trusted party. Although it has proven applications in the cryptocurrencies landscape, in the industrial scenario the blockchain has still to prove its potential.
In this work, we investigate the extents for the applicability of the blockchain to business scenarios, in particular in contract-based logistics and collaborative data processing. First, we define and provide state of the art on the blockchain architecture. Then we describe the two designed systems: a proof of concept notary service for the secure intermediation of the contracting process in logistics, and a collaborative Map-Reduce framework for BAR systems, both leveraging the distributed ledgers. We concretise the experience made during the design and implementation of the previous systems, outlining the design patterns learned abstracted from the solutions, reusable in future works.
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Karlsson, Daniel. "Modelling and Analysis of Swedish Heavy Industry Supply Chain Data Management to Improve Efficiency and Security." Thesis, KTH, Skolan för elektroteknik och datavetenskap (EECS), 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-291230.
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Product certificates are sent throughout the supply chain of Swedish heavy industry in order to show provenance and physical characteristics of objects such as screws. The data management of the certificates has been, and still is, a very manual process. The process requires extensive work in order to maintain a correct record of the certificates. In particular, tracing causes of errors and establishing compliance takes a long time and effort. The company Chaintraced is developing an application to automate the process by acting as a third party to digitalize and manage the certificates. Introducing a third party into a business-to-business process requires that data integrity is preserved and that information reaches its expected destination. Recent research has indicated that distributed ledger technologies showpromise to fulfill these requirements. In particular, blockchain-based systems offer immutability and traceability of data, and can reduce the trust needed between different parties by relying on cryptographic primitives and consensus mechanisms. This thesis investigates the application of distributed ledger technology to further automate the Swedish heavy industry supply chain and reduce the trust needed in a third party managing the certificates. Requirements for an industrial strength system is set up and several distributed ledger technology solutions are considered to fit the use case of Swedish heavy industry. A proof of concept based on the findings is implemented, tested and compared with a centralized database to explore its possible usage in the supply chain with regard to feasibility, immutability, traceability and security. The investigation resulted in a prototype based on Hyperledger Fabric to store product certificates. The solution provides certain guarantees to immutability and security while being developed with feasibility for deployment in mind. The proposed solution is shown to be slow compared to a centralized solution but scales linearly with number of certificates and is considered within bounds for the use case. The results also show that the proposed solution is more trustworthy than a centralized solution, but that adopting blockchain technology is an extensive task. In particular, trustworthiness and guarantees provided by the solution is highly dependent on the feasibility aspect and the investigation concludes that adoption of blockchain technology within the Swedish heavy industry must take this into consideration.Hanteringen av produktcertifikat inom den svenska tungindustrin är en mycket manuell process vilket resulterar i att ett enormt arbete krävs för att upprätthålla en korrekt hantering av certifikaten. Att spåra orsaken till fel och att kontrollera efterlevnaden av krav inom industrin tar lång tid. Chaintraced har utvecklat en applikation som automatiserar hanteringen av certifikaten genom digitalisering och att som tredje part lagra informationen. Att introducera en tredje part i affärsverksamheter kräver att integriteten av datan bibehålls och att information anländer till korrekt mottagare. Ny forskning har visat att distribuerade liggare har möjligheten att uppfylla dessa krav. Framförallt gällande blockkedjetekniken med dess många egenskaper och garantier som företag letar efter, så som oföränderlig och spårbar data. Blockkedjetekniken reducerar också förtroendet som behövs för parter inom nätverket genom att förlita sig på kryptografi och konsensus mekanismer. Den här rapporten utreder användningen av distribuerade liggare för att ytterliggare automatisera den svenska tungindustrins leveranskedja och minska tilliten som krävs för en tredje part som hanterar certifikaten. Krav ställs upp för ett system och flertalet distribuerade databastekniker undersöks för att passa in i fallet angående den svenska tungindustrin. En prototyp är utvecklad baserad på kraven, prototypen är testad och jämförd med en central databas för att undersöka hur implementationen står sig vad gäller genomförbarhet, oföränderlighet, spårbarhet och säkerhet. Undersökningen resulterade i en prototyp baserad på Hyperledger Fabric. Prototypen lagrar produktcertifikaten och ger vissa garantier till oföränderligbarhet samt säkerhet. Möjligheten för aktörer i kedjan att använda prototypen hade stor inverkan på hur systemet utvecklades. Prototypen visar sig vara långsammare än en centraliserad lösning men mätningarna kan anses vara inom kraven för ett system inom tungindustrins leveranskedja. Skalbarheten av lösningen är beroende av kraven på säkerhet men är linjär i antalet certifikat som skickas och lagras. Resultaten visar också att den föreslagna lösningen inger mer tillit än en centraliserad lösning men att introducera blockkedjetekniken är en komplex process. Trovärdighet och garantier som ges av lösningen är till stor del beroende av komplexiteten vilket rapporten kommer fram till är det viktigaste för svensk tungindustri att ha i åtanke vid eventuell antagande av blockkedjeteknik.
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Rückeshäuser, Nadine [Verfasser], and Günter [Akademischer Betreuer] Müller. "Distributed ledgers for the prevention of accounting fraud : : blockchains between expectations and reality." Freiburg : Universität, 2017. http://d-nb.info/1137466235/34.
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Sibani, Riccardo. "Applied design of distributed ledgers for real estate and land registration." Thesis, KTH, Skolan för elektroteknik och datavetenskap (EECS), 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-239005.
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The recent emergence of a distributed technology named blockchain, clearly created a new point of view in the data storing and data distribution fields. If on one hand blockchain is mainly known for Bitcoin (an auto-regulated decentralized digital currency), on the other hand it has the potential to set up an auto regulated economy.In this thesis, the blockchain technology will be analyzed and described starting from P2P architecture and its origin in 2009 Satoshi Nakamoto’s whitepaper, and leading to the most up to date blockchains. The advantages and disadvantages of such architecture will be pointed out keeping in mind the security, speed and cost of such infrastructure.While Real Estate companies have often anticipated the technological innovations, land registries, instead, derive and keep a working manner which is extremely old and out of date: made of unclear procedures and wet signatures. The market needs and legislation will be researched mainly referring to other works and integrated with a technical point of view with particular focus on the decentralization of such systems.After analyzing the flow, problems and flaws of the current system, a new proposal will be researched, in particular trying to minimize the dead time in between the different steps of the mortgage, increase transparency, as well as reducing dependence on the central authorities, leading to more convenient interactions among the properties’ stakeholders. An attractive low capitalization decentralized financial product will also be proposed and implemented able to lower the interest rate and create a profitable investment with low risk, low interest and durable in time.Secure and ad-hoc algorithms will be presented and, in a later section, analyzed in combination with different blockchain technologies. Scalability and performance will also be evaluated, taking into account all the current technology limitations and the near future opportunities.
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Wu, Haoyan. "A distributed blockchain ledger for supply chain." Thesis, 2017. https://doi.org/10.7912/C28Q05.
Full textAbstract:
Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI)Affordable and reliable supply chain visibility is becoming increasingly important as the complexity of the network underlying supply chains is becoming orders of magnitudes higher compared to a decade ago. Moreover, this increase in complexity is starting to reflect on the cost of goods and their availability to the consumers. Optimizing the physical distribution phase in supply chain by providing increased visibility to trading partners can directly reduce product cost. Current supply chain information systems often lack the ability to cost-effectively relay ground truth in- formation in near real time to all stakeholders and most importantly to the supplier and the customer during the transport of the shipment. This thesis presents a solu- tion that addresses this gap through a distributed architecture. The solution enables small, medium and large businesses to interact in a dynamic and shipment-centric manner through a private blockchain sub-ledger that digitizes the transfer of custody for each shipment. Information in this private ledger is augmented by a public event ledger that reflects the movement of the shipment in real time. Third party monitors are engaged in the validation of the geolocation of the shipments by posting their physical proximity in the form of events to the public ledger.
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Dias, Rui Pedro das Neves. "Análise de plataformas Blockchain." Master's thesis, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10316/87848.
Full textAbstract:
Dissertação de Mestrado em Engenharia Informática apresentada à Faculdade de Ciências e TecnologiaAtualmente é possível encontrar várias plataformas que implementam a tecnologia Blockchain. No entanto, e para poder fazer uma escolha fundamentada sobre qual se adequa melhor às necessidades de um utilizador, é necessário estudar a sua performance e características em variados ambientes de execução. Esse estudo é conseguido através da aplicação de testes de benchmark. Ao longo deste documento é feito um estudo da tecnologia Blockchain, dos seus conceitos base, e das várias plataformas que a implementam, com maior detalhe nas plataformas Quorum e Hyperledger Fabric. Estas são posteriormente comparadas tendo em conta as suas características e funcionalidades, recorrendo para isso, a um conjunto de parâmetros apresentados. Estudos no âmbito de benchmarking a plataformas blockchain permitiram que fosse desenvolvido um sistema de benckmark, através de uma adaptação a uma ferramenta existente, Gauge. O sistema foi implementado, e executado sobre a plataforma Hyperledger Fabric, uma plataforma Blockchain de domínio privada, implementada pela Linux Foundation. Dos testes foi possível a recolha de métricas relativas ao throughput, latência, número de transações bem-sucedidas e dados do consumo dos recursos dos componentes da plataforma, como por exemplo o consumo de CPU e de memória RAM. De uma análise dos resultados obtidos, é possível concluir que o tipo de operação realizada sobre a blockchain, o tamanho do bloco inserido, e a política de aprovação de uma transação influenciam diretamente a performance da plataforma. Outros testes foram executados, sem, no entanto, apresentarem conclusões significantes.
Currently, it is possible to find several platforms that implement Blockchain technology. However, in order to be able to make a choice based on which one best suits the needs of a user, it is necessary to study its performance and characteristics in various execution environments. This study is achieved through the application of benchmark tests. Throughout this document, a study is made of the Blockchain technology, its basic concepts, and the various platforms that implement it, with greater detail in the Quorum and Hyperledger Fabric platforms. These are then compared taking into account their characteristics and functionalities, using a set of parameters presented. Benchmarking studies of blockchain platforms allowed the development of a benchmark system, through an adaptation to an existing tool, Gauge. The system was implemented and executed on the Hyperledger Fabric platform, a private domain Blockchain platform, implemented by the Linux Foundation. From the tests, it was possible to collect metrics related to throughput, latency, number of successful transactions and resource consumption data from the platform components, such as CPU and RAM consumption. From an analysis of the results obtained, it is possible to conclude that the type of operation performed on the blockchain, the size of the block inserted, and the endorsement policy of a transaction directly influence the performance of the platform. Other tests were performed without, however, presenting significant conclusions.
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Zheng, Yi-Sheng, and 鄭益昇. "The Application of Blockchain Distributed Ledger in Securities Depository & Clearing." Thesis, 2017. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/87141364084789463320.
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碩士國立中興大學
資訊管理學系所
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The traditional financial industry is facing the impact of new technology (FinTech). In recent years, the international financial sector has become the key technology of the financial industry. The so-called blockchain, is a distributed database, the blockchain can be simply understood as a public maintenance by all the participants of the transaction ledgers, the disclosure of the account information so that all participants can check the transaction and accounting correctness, so that the ledgers have the ability to prevent the change, for all participants can trust the body. In essence, the blockchain is a trust mechanism that is reconstructed using distributed techniques and consensus algorithms. This blockchain to the center, self-management, to promote the market and smart contracts and other characteristics, and financial transactions network coincide. This thesis explores the mechanism of blockchain operation, including the formation of contract and the way of verification of transaction, from the introduction of blockchain, which is the most representative of the blockchain. The purpose is to use the “distributed ledgers” concept to use the “smart contracts” to implement the existing security companies to operate the delivery of stock, because through the blockchain trading, intermediate transactions of each account transactions will be clear recorded, and also retains the integrity of the transaction record. The study found that sharing the future of the economy, many ways of trying to bring the convenience of life in the future, the chain of evolution, is undoubtedly a new direction, manufacturing, medical information, financial transactions, applied in the blockchain to the middle of the process, can be more convenient to the implementation of the destination.
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Reis, Miguel Pires Egídio. "Blockchain-Enabled DPKI Framework." Master's thesis, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10362/96660.
Full textAbstract:
Public Key Infrastructures (PKIs), which rely on digital signature technology and establishment
of trust and security association parameters between entities, allow entities
to interoperate with authentication proofs, using standardized digital certificates (with
X.509v3 as the current reference). Despite PKI technology being used by many applications
for their security foundations (e.g. WEB/HTTPS/TLS, Cloud-Enabled Services,
LANs/WLANs Security, VPNs, IP-Security), there are several concerns regarding their
inherent design assumptions based on a centralized trust model.
To avoid some problems and drawbacks that emerged from the centralization assumptions,
a Decentralized Public Key Infrastructure (DPKI), is an alternative approach. The
main idea for DPKIs is the ability to establish trust relations between all parties, in a
web-of-trust model, avoiding centralized authorities and related root-of-trust certificates.
As a possible solution for DPKI frameworks, the Blockchain technology, as an enabler
solution, can help overcome some of the identified PKI problems and security drawbacks.
Blockchain-enabled DPKIs can be designed to address a fully decentralized ledger for
managed certificates, providing data-replication with strong consistency guarantees, and
fairly distributed trust management properties founded on a P2P trust model. In this
approach, typical PKI functions are supported cooperatively, with validity agreement
based on consistency criteria, for issuing, verification and revocation of X509v3 certificates.
It is also possible to address mechanisms to provide rapid reaction of principals in
the verification of traceable, shared and immutable history logs of state-changes related
to the life-cycle of certificates, with certificate validation rules established consistently by
programmable Smart Contracts executed by peers.
In this dissertation we designed, implemented and evaluated a Blockchain-Enabled
Decentralized Public Key Infrastructure (DPKI) framework, providing an implementation
prototype solution that can be used and to support experimental research. The
proposal is based on a framework instantiating a permissioned collaborative consortium
model, using the service planes supported in an extended Blockchain platform leveraged
by the Hyperledger Fabric (HLF) solution. In our proposed DPKI framework model,
X509v3 certificates are issued and managed following security invariants, processing
rules, managing trust assumptions and establishing consistency metrics, defined and executed in a decentralized way by the Blockchain nodes, using Smart Contracts. Certificates
are issued cooperatively and can be issued with group-oriented threshold-based
Byzantine fault-tolerant (BFT) signatures, as group-oriented authentication proofs. The
Smart Contracts dictate how Blockchain peers participate consistently in issuing, signing,
attestation, validation and revocation processes. Any peer can validate certificates
obtaining their consistent states consolidated in closed blocks in a Meckle tree structure
maintained in the Blockchain. State-transition operations are managed with serializability
guarantees, provided by Byzantine Fault Tolerant (BFT) consensus primitives.
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Noll, Daniel. "Distributed-Ledger-Technologie im Grundbuchwesen: Implikationen auf die Transaktionskosten." 2019. https://ul.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A34014.
Full textAbstract:
Diese Arbeit untersucht, inwieweit durch den Einsatz der Distributed-Ledger-Technologie bzw. der Blockchain-Technologie im Grundbuchwesen Immobilientransaktionen hinsichtlich der Transaktions-kosten effizienter durchgeführt werden können. Dazu werden zunächst, basierend auf dem Require-ments Engineering, die Anforderungen des Grundbuchs an eine mögliche Trägertechnologie entwickelt und gezeigt, dass sich die Distributed-Ledger-Technologie als eine solche Trägertechnologie qualifi-ziert. Darauf aufbauend werden zwei fachliche Architekturentwürfe eines blockchain-basierten Grund-buchs zur Abwicklung von Immobilientransaktionen konzipiert und mit den gegenwärtigen Prozessen hinsichtlich der Transaktionskosten verglichen sowie evaluiert. Resümierend kommt diese Arbeit zu dem Schluss, dass eine Immobilientransaktion in Deutschland nicht gänzlich peer-to-peer zwischen Käufer und Verkäufer abgewickelt werden kann, da auch die Blockchain-Technologie das Grundprob-lem des Misstrauens nicht ohne einen Intermediär bzw. einen vertrauenswürdigen Garanten, der den berechtigten Bezug von virtuellem Token zu einem tatsächlich existenten Grundstück in der realen Welt sicherstellt, vollständig lösen kann. Gleichwohl kann durch die Kombination eines Blockchain-Grund-buchs mit Smart Contracts ein enormes Einsparpotenzial im Hinblick auf die Transaktionskosten bei Grundbuchtransaktionen erzielt werden.:1 Einleitung
1.1 Problem- und Zielstellung
1.2 Vorgehen und Methodik
2 Grundlagen
2.1 Transaktionskosten
2.1.1 Transaktionskosten und deren Relevanz für Volkswirtschaften
2.1.2 Transaktionskosten in der Immobilienwirtschaft
2.2 Das deutsche Grundbuch
2.2.1 Aufbau und Inhalte
2.2.2 Prinzipien
2.2.3 Grundbuchamtliches Eintragungsverfahren
2.2.4 Ergebniszusammenfassung
2.3 Immobilientransaktion
2.3.1 Rollen und Beziehungen der Akteure
2.3.2 Transaktionsablauf
2.3.3 Transaktionskosten
2.3.4 Ergebniszusammenfassung
2.4 Distributed-Ledger-Technologie
2.4.1 Distributed Ledger
2.4.2 Blockchain
2.4.3 Blockchain-Typisierung
2.4.4 Ergebniszusammenfassung
3 Literaturübersicht zur DLT im Kontext des Grundbuchwesens
3.1 Definition des Untersuchungsumfangs
3.2 Konzeptualisierung der Thematik
3.3 Literaturrecherche
3.4 Literaturanalyse
3.5 Internationale Pilotprojekte
3.5.1 Schweden
3.5.2 Cook County
3.5.3 Estland
3.5.4 Georgien
4 Requirements Engineering
4.1 Vorgehen
4.2 Identifizierung, Formulierung und Analyse der Anforderungen
4.3 Gegenüberstellung von Anforderungen und Eigenschaften der DLT
5 Blockchain-basierte Architekturentwürfe für Grundbuchwesen und Immobilientransaktionen
5.1 Konzeption fachlicher Architekturentwürfe
5.2 Blockchain-basiertes grundbuchamtliches Eintragungsverfahren
5.3 Architekturentwurf Ökosystem
5.3.1 Rollen und Beziehungen
5.3.2 Transaktionsablauf
5.4 Machbarkeit und Implikationen auf die Transaktionskosten
5.4.1 Architekturentwurf Infrastruktur
5.4.2 Architekturentwurf Ökosystem
5.5 Ergebniszusammenfassung
6 Zusammenfassung und Ausblick
6.1 Zusammenfassung der Ergebnisse
6.2 Limitationen
6.3 Ausblick
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Rebelo, Joana Filipa Campos. "Blockchain technology impact on supply chain management." Master's thesis, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10362/69202.
Full textAbstract:
Constant technological innovation is the current reality for businesses and people. Most of the technologies have great potential beyond what they are designed for. Blockchain, the underlying distributed ledger technology of Bitcoin, has only recently begun to be tested for other uses. This paper studies Blockchain technology and its applications to supply chains. The concept of Blockchain technology will be scrutinized and its implementation benefits and limitations presented. Furthermore, the use cases and benefits of Blockchain technology for supply chains will be analyzed. The paper is complemented with examples and achievements of organizations testing the technology and experts opinions on the technology and its future.
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Janssen, M., Vishanth J. P. Weerakkody, Elvira Ismagilova, Uthayasankar Sivarajah, and Zahir Irani. "A framework for analysing blockchain technology adoption: Integrating institutional, market and technical factors." 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/17358.
Full textAbstract:
The adoption of blockchain technologies require the consideration of a broad range of factors, over and above the predominantly technology focus of most current work. Whilst scholarly literature on blockchain technology is only beginning to emerge, majority are focused on the technicalities of the technology and tend to ignore the organizational complexities of adopting the technology. Drawing from a focused review of literature, this paper proposed a conceptual framework for adoption of blockchain technology capturing the complex relationships between institutional, market and technical factors. The framework highlights that varying outcomes are possible, and the change process is focal as this shapes the form blockchain applications take. Factors presented in the framework (institutional, market and technical) interact and mutually influence each other. The proposed framework can be used by organisations as a reference point for adopting blockchain applications and by scholars to expand, refine and evaluate research into blockchain technology.
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Passlack, Markus. "On the disruptive potential of distributed ledger technologies." Master's thesis, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.14/26961.
Full textAbstract:
Blockchain – an ever-present term in recent scientific discourse. Both the awareness
and the number of projects that experiment with blockchain technologies is steadily increasing.
Yet, these so-called Distributed Ledger Technologies (DLT) are a solution looking for a
problem. Many revolutionize data transfer and data collection, but no full-featured application
has been fully implemented yet. To shed light on the potential of DLTs, the thesis deploys a
holistic comparative framework and analyzes a real-life case study at TINE SA. It develops
findings in the areas of technical structure, disruptive (business) potential and specific
applications for farmhouses. The analysis compares a wide range of characteristics of IOTA,
ITC, NANO and Streamr DATAcoin. Results indicate that IOTA is able to solve the problem
of integer data transfer most efficiently through its decentralized user-controlled network and
feeless real-time machine to machine communication. These features are disrupting the
competitive landscape in various areas by enabling first-time data collection and transfer,
especially in industries that are not working with big-data yet. Within the case study, IOTA was
found to be highly potent in changing the environment in the dairy industry by introducing
digitization on a new level, leading to additional channels and market opportunities. Finally,
this thesis also identified further potential business applications of IOTA.Blockchain – um termo sempre presente na comunicação científica recente. Tanto a consciencialização, como o número de projetos que experienciam tecnologias blockchain, estão a constantemente a crescer. No entanto, as chamadas tecnologias de ledger distribuído (DLT) são uma solução à procura de um problema. Muitas revolucionam a transferência e coleta de dados, mas ainda não foi implementada nenhuma aplicação com todas as funcionalidades. Para esclarecer o potencial dos DLTs, a tese implementa uma estrutura holística comparativa e analisa um caso de estudo real na TINE SA. Desenvolve também resultados nas áreas de estrutura técnica, potencial disruptivo (negócio) e aplicações específicas para fazendas. A análise compara uma ampla variedade de características de IOTA, ITC, NANO e Streamr DATAcoin. Os resultados mostram que o IOTA é capaz de resolver o problema da transferência de dados inteiros mais eficientemente através da sua rede descentralizada controlada pelo utilizador e comunicação em tempo real de máquina para máquina, sem taxas. Estas funcionalidades estão a romper o cenário competitivo em várias áreas ao permitir a primeira coleta e transferência de dados, especialmente em indústrias que ainda não estão a trabalhar com big data. Dentro do caso de estudo, o IOTA foi considerado altamente potente na mudança do ambiente na indústria dos laticínios ao introduzir a digitalização num novo nível, levando a canais adicionais e oportunidades de mercado. Finalmente, esta tese também identificou outras potenciais aplicações do IOTA em negócio.
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Beinke, Jan Heinrich. "The Impact of Blockchain Technology on Business Model Innovation." Doctoral thesis, 2021. https://repositorium.ub.uni-osnabrueck.de/handle/urn:nbn:de:gbv:700-202107285217.
Full textAbstract:
Fueled by the success of cryptocurrencies such as Bitcoin, blockchain technology has emerged as an interesting and promising technological solution in a variety of industries. However, it remains unclear to what extent blockchain technology possesses the potential to transform existing business models or to enable new business models. So far, scientific studies have been predominantly technologically driven; the economic viability, e.g., in the form of innovative, sustainable business models, as well as the acceptance of blockchain technology have not been sufficiently investigated. This dissertation addresses this research gap and focuses on three domains: The financial sector, the temporary employment industry, and the healthcare sector. To investigate the impact of blockchain technology on business model innovation as well as its impact on existing business models, quantitative and qualitative methods are applied in the form of a mixed-method approach. Within this approach, (acceptance) models, tools, methods, and prototypes are developed. Moreover, recommendations for decision makers are elaborated and central economic, ecological, political, legal, social, and ethical challenges and opportunities of blockchain technology for business models and business model innovations are identified and discussed. The results of this dissertation support economic and political decision makers as well as researchers in the fields of blockchain technology and business model innovation.
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Kapsis, Ilias. "Blockchain and cryptocurrencies: essential tools in a two-tier financial system." 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/17221.
Full textAbstract:
Yes• This article discusses the current situation in the market of cryptocurrencies and joins the debate about the regulation of these financial innovations. • It argues that the appearance of cryptocurrencies was a response to market demand for more affordable and more inclusive banking. • It also argues that distributed ledger technology (DLT) which supports cryptocurrencies and has different characteristics than the technology used by traditional banking could help to create with cryptocurrencies a new, lower cost, more inclusive financial ecosystem separate from the traditional one. • The two ecosystems (traditional and new one) would form a larger two-tier financial ecosystem, which, overall would be more inclusive and more affordable. Also, it would be more effective in containing contagion and major economic disruption during future financial crises. • The current reliance on a single, ever growing, and immensely complex financial ecosystem is not sustainable longer term as systemic risks grow with the system and there are no mechanisms available to fully eliminate these risks. The costs of regulating the current market architecture are also excessively high.
The full-text of this article will be released for public view at the end of the publisher embargo - 2 years after publication.
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Lopes, Daniel Pinto. "The impact of blockchain on the aviation industry : results from a qualitative analysis." Master's thesis, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10362/100953.
Full textAbstract:
Dissertation presented as the partial requirement for obtaining a Master's degree in Information Management, specialization in Marketing IntelligenceThe aviation industry, well-known for its conservative mindset, is in search of innovative solutions to boost its business. This paper seeks to identify how blockchain, a particular emerging and versatile technology, can impact the aviation industry. Eighteen industry experts contributed to the research and interviews were conducted via phone or on a text basis. The paper analyses the data gathered using a visualizing networks approach through which four central clusters were identified concerning blockchain for the aviation industry. The connection between the terms is presented graphically, and the clusters are discussed individually. Attitude and ideas of the aviation industry towards blockchain are summarised and propositions for future academic research are put forward.